The Red Knot, Calidris canutus, is a highly migratory shorebird with a cosmopolitan distribution. Six subspecies have been identified, two of which occur regularly in North America (C.c. rufa and C.c. roselaari). Given their long-distance migrations through many jurisdictions and conservation status, tools are needed to reliably distinguish the subspecies when captured away from their breeding areas and to examine potential population substructure within each taxa. We used a suite of molecular approaches to develop tools to support Red Knot research and management. Although our microsatellite markers were not able to reliably distinguish C.c. rufa and C.c. roselaari, we did find evidence of population substructure within C.c. rufa.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201050","usgsCitation":"Kazyak, D., Aunins, A., and Johnson, R., 2020, Red Knot (Calidris canutus) research—Preliminary results and future opportunities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1050, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201050.","productDescription":"v, 6 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-114640","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374855,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1050/ofr20201050.pdf","text":"Report","size":"681 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":374854,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1050/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
The sediment–water interfaces (SWI) of streams serve as important biogeochemical hotspots in watersheds and contribute to whole-catchment reactive nitrogen budgets and water-quality conditions. Recently, the SWI has been identified as an important source of nitrous oxide (N2O) produced in streams, with SWI residence time among the principal controls on its production. Here, we conducted a series of controlled manipulations of SWI exchange in an urban stream that has high dissolved N2O concentrations and where we concurrently evaluated less-mobile porosity dynamics. Our experiments took place within isolated portions of two sediment types: a coarse sandy stream bed resulting from excess road-sand application in the watershed, and a coarse sand mixed with clay and organic particles. In these manipulation experiments we systematically varied SWI vertical-flux rates and residence times to evaluate their effect on the fate of nitrate and production rates of N2O. Our experiments demonstrate that the fate and transport of nitrate and N2O production are influenced by hydrologic flux rates through SWI sediments and associated residence times. Specifically, we show that manipulations of hydrologic flux systematically shifted the depth of the bulk oxic–anoxic interface in the sediments, and that nitrate removal increased with residence time. Our results also support the emerging hypothesis of a ‘Goldilocks’ timescale for the production of nitrous oxide, when transport and reaction timescales favor incomplete denitrification. Areal N2O production rates were up to threefold higher during an intermediate residence-time experiment, compared to shorter or longer residence times. In our companion study we documented that the studied sediments were dominated by a long-residence-time less-mobile porosity domain, which could explain why we observed N2O production even in bulk-oxic sediments. Overall, we have experimentally demonstrated that changes to SWI hydrologic residence times and SWI substrate associated with urbanization can change the biogeochemical function of the river corridor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1007/s10533-020-00674-7","usgsCitation":"Hampton, T., Zarnetske, J., Briggs, M., Dehkordy, F.M., Singha, K., Day-Lewis, F., Harvey, J., Chowdhury, S.R., and Lane, J.W., 2020, Experimental shifts of hydrologic residence time in a sandy urban stream sediment-water interface alter nitrate removal and nitrous oxide fluxes: Biogeochemistry, v. 149, p. 195-219, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-020-00674-7.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"219","ipdsId":"IP-116946","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Sawmill Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.18739366531372,\n 42.52077860418496\n ],\n [\n -71.18534445762633,\n 42.52077860418496\n ],\n [\n -71.18534445762633,\n 42.52389408092782\n ],\n [\n -71.18739366531372,\n 42.52389408092782\n ],\n [\n -71.18739366531372,\n 42.52077860418496\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"149","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, T.","contributorId":257642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hampton","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zarnetske, J.","contributorId":222749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarnetske","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":257637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin A.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dehkordy, F. M. P.","contributorId":257643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dehkordy","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. P.","affiliations":[{"id":36710,"text":"University of Connecticut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Singha, K.","contributorId":201025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singha","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick 0000-0003-3526-886X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":216359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":219104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chowdhury, S. R.","contributorId":222748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chowdhury","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lane, John W. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":219742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70211339,"text":"70211339 - 2020 - Forecasting, detecting, and tracking volcanic eruptions from space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T13:52:50.822062","indexId":"70211339","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-16T10:11:52","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5982,"text":"Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting, detecting, and tracking volcanic eruptions from space","docAbstract":"Satellite monitoring of volcanic activity typically includes four primary observations: (1) deformation and surface change, (2) gas emissions, (3) thermal anomalies, and (4) ash plumes. These phenomena are imaged by remote sensing data that span the electromagnetic spectrum, from microwave to ultraviolet energy and including visible and infrared wavelengths. The primary uses of satellite data in volcanology are forecasting, detecting, and tracking eruptive activity. Eruptions are often preceded by a number of indicators that are detectable from space, including surface deformation, subtle increases in surface temperature, and elevated gas emissions. The first indications of eruption, especially at remote volcanoes, are often identified in satellite data by strong thermal anomalies and/or the presence of ash and gas in the atmosphere, the recognition of which can be automated for rapid eruption detection. Once an eruption is in progress, space-based imagery of all types can track activity over time, providing information on the emplacement of volcanic deposits, the presence and character of ash plumes, and potential changes in the character of the eruption, all of which aid hazards assessment. Activity at Agung volcano, Indonesia, during 2017–2019, offers an excellent example of the importance of remote sensing datasets for forecasting, detecting, and tracking eruptions. Challenges to exploiting current and future satellite data include ensuring regular acquisitions over active volcanoes and developing tools for automated analysis of the massive volume of imagery for volcano-related signals.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s41976-020-00034-x","usgsCitation":"Poland, M.P., Lopez, T., Wright, R., and Pavolonis, M.J., 2020, Forecasting, detecting, and tracking volcanic eruptions from space: Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences, v. 3, no. 1, p. 55-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41976-020-00034-x.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"94","ipdsId":"IP-111491","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopez, Taryn","contributorId":146828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez","given":"Taryn","affiliations":[{"id":16753,"text":"University of Alaska Geophysical Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Robert","contributorId":174413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pavolonis, Michael J.","contributorId":199297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pavolonis","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70212522,"text":"70212522 - 2020 - Genetic identification of African pangolins and their origin in illegal trade","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-19T14:36:09.927137","indexId":"70212522","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-16T09:18:03","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic identification of African pangolins and their origin in illegal trade","docAbstract":"To track the illegal pangolin trade from Africa to Asia, we analyzed 1800 DNA samples from 30 seizures of African pangolin scales in Hong Kong during the period 2012–2016. We concluded that all four African pangolin species were present in trade, and that the white-bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis) appeared most frequently (88.5%) in our samples. All six previously described phylogeographic lineages originating from the entire distribution range of P. tricuspis were found in the seizures, and the western central African lineage alone accounted for 67.1% of the samples of this species. Confirmed by modelling data, high DNA haplotype richness was present in most of the pangolin scale seizures, including those contained in small air parcels and large-volume sea shipments. Results suggest that African pangolins were hunted across large areas of their natural range and then delivered to a small number of trade transit hubs. Our study illustrates the utility of genetic analysis for characterizing the illegal pangolin trade and identifying the geographic origin of poaching hotspots.
3‐Trifluoromethyl‐4‐nitrophenol (TFM) has been used for more than 60 yr to control the invasive parasitic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus ) in the Great Lakes Basin (USA/Canada). In the early 1990s, researchers reported that TFM induced vitellogenin in fish and that TFM was an agonist for the rainbow trout estrogen receptor. To support continued registration of TFM for sea lamprey control, regulatory agencies required further testing to evaluate potential endocrine disruption effects. Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas ) were exposed to TFM at measured concentrations of 0.0659, 0.181, 0.594, 1.79, and 5.11 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/L for 21 d. No‐observable‐ and lowest‐observable‐effect concentrations (NOEC and LOEC, respectively) were determined to be 1.79 mg/L or greater for each endpoint. Male survival in the highest treatment group was reduced relative to the controls. Percentage of egg fertility was reduced in the highest treatment group, resulting in an estimated NOEC of 1.79 mg/L. Whereas no effect on the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was observed for males, female GSI was increased in the 5.11‐mg/L treatment. Vitellogenin production was not altered relative to the controls for all TFM treatment groups. However, female testosterone was elevated in the 5.11‐mg/L treatment. The results suggest that prolonged exposure to TFM at concentrations exceeding 1.79 mg/L has the potential to disrupt endocrine function. Biologically relevant effects were found at the highest exposure concentration following a 21‐d exposure. However, the duration of exposure in our study is not consistent with typical treatment durations (12 h) for sea lamprey control. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1599–1607. © 2020 SETAC
Sedimentation and turbidity have effects on habitat suitability in the San Francisco Bay‐Delta (Bay‐Delta), concerning key species in the bay as well as the ability of the delta marshes to keep pace with sea level rise. A daily rainfall runoff and transport model of the Sacramento River Basin of northern California was developed to simulate streamflow and suspended sediment transport to the Bay‐Delta for the next century (water years, WY2010–2099). The model was calibrated to historical streamflow and sediment data and applied using 10 Global Climate Models with two representative concentration pathways (RCP) each for WY1980–2099 from the IPCC 5th Assessment Report. Results indicate average increases in peak streamflow of +58% and +66% for the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 ensembles, respectively, by mid‐century and +62 and +96% by end‐of‐century. Sediment loads increased by +39% and +69% by end‐of‐century. Suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) increased on average by +4.6% and +6.7% for RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively, by end‐of‐century. Individual scenario results varied, and statistically significant increasing trends of sediment loads to the Bay‐Delta were found for the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 ensembles and five individual scenarios. Increased suspended sediment loads may have negative effects such as contaminant transport but also have positive effects that help protect against sea level rise, increase turbidity and fish habitat, and sustain wetland habitats in the Bay‐Delta.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.abb4120","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., 2020, Mount St. Helens at 40: Science, v. 368, no. 6492, p. 704-705, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb4120.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"705","ipdsId":"IP-118170","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.32315063476562,\n 46.09228143052647\n ],\n [\n -122.09655761718749,\n 46.09228143052647\n ],\n [\n -122.09655761718749,\n 46.29096881904223\n ],\n [\n -122.32315063476562,\n 46.29096881904223\n ],\n [\n -122.32315063476562,\n 46.09228143052647\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"368","issue":"6492","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214962,"text":"70214962 - 2020 - Testing environmental DNA from wolf snow tracks for species, sex, and individual identification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-03T14:45:17.478007","indexId":"70214962","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-15T09:40:40","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5015,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Biology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing environmental DNA from wolf snow tracks for species, sex, and individual identification","docAbstract":"Monitoring elusive, relatively low-density, large predators, such as the grey wolf (Canis lupus), has often been accomplished by live-capture and radiocollaring. Increasingly, non-invasive methods are considered best practice whenever it is possible to use them. Recently, environmental DNA (eDNA) deposited in snow tracks was demonstrated as useful for identifying lynx (Lynx canadensis), fisher (Pekania pennanti), wolverine (Gulo gulo), sika deer (Cervus nippon), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and the Japanese marten (Martes melampus) to species level using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers. We tested whether eDNA from fresh wolf snow tracks collected in the Superior National Forest, Minnesota, USA during winter 2019 could be used to identify species, sex, and individual. Seven of the 8 snow track samples were successfully identified to “wolf-dog” species using mtDNA, with alleles amplifying in 5 of the samples at 1 or both of loci u250 and FH2096 in the allele range for wolves for this population. None yielded enough high-quality DNA to obtain genotypes to determine individual or sex. We recommend additional field trials to determine the minimum number of tracks required per individual to obtain sufficient, high-quality eDNA, as well as collecting associated urine or blood (from estrus) when possible. If individual wolves could be identified and sexed by the eDNA in their snow tracks, researchers should be able to determine population and family or group metrics with greater precision and less effort than typically required when conducting winter scat or hair-based genetic field studies of low density, elusive carnivores. Furthermore, this method would have applications to other areas of research and management, such as hunting quota determinations, validation of field methods and, in particular regards to wolves and other predators, livestock depredation issues. Overall, this technique holds significant future promise as field and laboratory methods are further refined for greater precision and optimized regarding the varying collection, filtration, and extraction protocols for different species in various environments.
Despite the wealth of studies on seasonal movements of birds between southern nonbreeding locations and High Arctic breeding locations, the key mechanisms of navigation during these migrations remain elusive. A flight along the shortest possible route between pairs of points on a sphere (‘orthodrome’) requires a bird to be able to assess its current location in relation to its migration goal and to make continuous adjustment of heading to reach that goal. Alternatively, birds may navigate along a vector with a fixed orientation (‘loxodrome’) based on magnetic and/or celestial compass mechanisms. Compass navigation is considered especially challenging for summer migrations in Polar regions, as continuous daylight and complexity in the geomagnetic field may complicate the use of both celestial and magnetic compasses here. We examine the possible use of orientation mechanisms during migratory flights across the Greenland Icecap. Using a novel 2 g solar-powered satellite transmitter, we documented the flight paths travelled by a female red knot (Calidris canutus islandica) during two northward and two southward migrations. The geometry of the paths suggests that red knots can migrate across the Greenland Icecap along the shortest-, orthodrome-like, path instead of the previously suggested loxodrome path. This particular bird’s ability to return to locations visited in a previous year, together with its sudden course changes (which would be appropriate responses to ambient wind fields), suggest a map sense that enables red knots to determine location, so that they can tailor their route depending on local conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jav.02464","usgsCitation":"Kok, E., Tibbitts, T.L., Douglas, D.C., Howey, P., Dekinga, A., Gnep, B., and Piersma, T., 2020, A red knot as a black swan: How a single bird shows navigational abilities during repeat crossings of the Greenland Icecap: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 51, no. 8, e2464, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.02464.","productDescription":"e2464, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-115751","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.02464","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":375948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland, Iceland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -13.886718749999998,\n 65.29346780107583\n ],\n [\n -21.97265625,\n 69.83962194067463\n ],\n [\n -18.80859375,\n 75.14077784070429\n ],\n [\n -17.05078125,\n 79.59234918793305\n ],\n [\n -11.25,\n 81.4139332828511\n ],\n [\n -22.8515625,\n 83.15311098437887\n ],\n [\n -29.355468750000004,\n 83.67694304841554\n ],\n [\n -45.52734375,\n 83.29825018349662\n ],\n [\n -64.51171875,\n 81.64692672160267\n ],\n [\n -72.421875,\n 78.42019327591201\n ],\n [\n -69.08203125,\n 76.3518964311259\n ],\n [\n -61.34765625,\n 75.93088543216642\n ],\n [\n -53.78906249999999,\n 71.52490903732816\n ],\n [\n -53.78906249999999,\n 69.2249968541159\n ],\n [\n -51.50390625,\n 64.54844014422517\n ],\n [\n -46.93359375,\n 61.01572481397616\n ],\n [\n -44.29687499999999,\n 59.712097173322924\n ],\n [\n -17.05078125,\n 63.78248603116502\n ],\n [\n -13.886718749999998,\n 65.29346780107583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kok, Eva","contributorId":225537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kok","given":"Eva","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":102185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howey, Paul","contributorId":225538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howey","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41157,"text":"Microwave Telemetry Ltd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dekinga, Anne","contributorId":203122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dekinga","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gnep, Benjamin","contributorId":225539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gnep","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis 0000-0001-9668-466X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9668-466X","contributorId":203123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70216926,"text":"70216926 - 2020 - Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) behavior at wind turbines on Maui","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-16T13:46:38.158273","indexId":"70216926","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-15T07:43:01","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) behavior at wind turbines on Maui","docAbstract":"This study examined the activity of the endemic Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) at wind turbines operated by Auwahi Wind Energy, LLC, on southern Maui Island, from August to November 2018. The research was conducted to assess the potential effect of wind speed and turbine operation on bat presence and behavior and compared information obtained from both acoustic monitoring and thermal videography.
|
Chemical gradients between fresh, brackish and saline waters shape biogeochemical reactions and organic matter transformation within subterranean estuaries. In the Yucatán Peninsula’s karst subterranean estuary (KSE), methane and dissolved organic matter generated during the anaerobic decomposition of tropical forest vegetation are transported into flooded cave networks where microbial consumption greatly reduces their concentrations in the groundwater. To test the hypothesis that chemoclines associated with salinity gradients of the KSE are sites of methane oxidation, we obtained methane concentration and δ13C profiles of unprecedented vertical resolution from within a fully-submerged cave system located 6.6 km inland from the coastline using the ‘OctoPiPi’ (OPP) water sampler. Along a 12–24 cm thick low-salinity-halocline at ∼4.5 m water depth, salinity increased from fresh to brackish (0.2–1.8 psu), methane concentrations decreased, and δ13C values increased, as expected for microbial methane oxidation. The underlying brackish water had elevated oxygen concentrations compared to the always anoxic freshwater, suggesting that aerobic methane oxidation is the dominant process facilitating methane consumption. By contrast, as salinity increased from 1.8 to 36 psu through a 24–36 cm thick high-salinity-halocline between the meteoric lens and the saline groundwater at ∼20 m water depth, methane concentrations and δ13C values were constant. Conservative mixing and kinetic isotope models incorporating the methane data confirm a hotspot for microbial methane oxidation at the low-salinity-halocline. At least 98% of methane originating in the anoxic freshwaters was removed before its transport via channelized flow towards the coastline. These findings provide novel insight into the spatial constraints of methane dynamics within a karst subterranean estuary.
Quantifying system-wide biogeochemical dynamics and ecosystem metabolism in estuaries is often attempted using a long-term continuous record at a single site or short-term records at multiple sites due to sampling limitations that preclude long-term monitoring. However, differences in the dominant primary producer at a given location (e.g., phytoplankton versus benthic producers) control diel variations in dissolved oxygen and associated ecosystem metabolism, and they may confound metabolic estimates that do not account for this variability. We hypothesize that even in shallow, well-mixed estuaries there is strong spatiotemporal variability in ecosystem metabolism due to benthic and water-column properties, as well as ensuing feedbacks to sediment resuspension, light attenuation, and primary production. We tested this hypothesis by measuring hydrodynamic properties, biogeochemical variables (fluorescent dissolved organic matter – fDOM, turbidity, chlorophyll a fluorescence, dissolved oxygen), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) over 1 year at 15 min intervals at paired channel (unvegetated) and shoal (vegetated by eelgrass) sites in Chincoteague Bay, Maryland–Virginia, USA, a shallow back-barrier estuary. Light attenuation (KdPAR) at all sites was dominated by turbidity from suspended sediment, with lower contributions from fDOM and chlorophyll a. However, there was significant seasonal variability in the resuspension–shear stress relationship on the vegetated shoals, but not in adjacent unvegetated channels. This indicated that KdPAR on the shoals was mediated by submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and possibly microphytobenthos presence in the summer, which reduced resuspension and therefore KdPAR. We also found that gross primary production (Pg) and KdPAR were significantly negatively correlated on the shoals and uncorrelated in the channels, indicating that Pg over the vegetated shoals is controlled by a feedback loop between benthic stabilization by SAV and/or microphytobenthos, sediment resuspension, and light availability. Metabolic estimates indicated substantial differences in net ecosystem metabolism between vegetated and unvegetated sites, with the former tending towards net autotrophy in the summer. Ongoing trends of SAV loss in this and other back-barrier estuaries suggest that these systems may also shift towards net heterotrophy, reducing their effectiveness as long-term carbon sinks. With regards to temporal variability, we found that varying sampling frequency between 15 min and 1 d resulted in comparable mean values of biogeochemical variables, but extreme values were missed by daily sampling. In fact, daily resampling minimized the variability between sites and falsely suggested spatial homogeneity in biogeochemistry, emphasizing the need for high-frequency sampling. This study confirms that properly quantifying ecosystem metabolism and associated biogeochemical variability requires characterization of the diverse estuarine environments, even in well-mixed systems, and demonstrates the deficiencies introduced by infrequent sampling to the interpretation of spatial variability.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geodsciences Union","doi":"10.5194/os-16-593-2020","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N.K., Testa, J., Suttles, S.E., and Aretxabaleta, A., 2020, Spatiotemporal variability of light attenuation and net ecosystem metabolism in a back-barrier estuary: Ocean Science, v. 16, p. 593-614, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-593-2020.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"614","ipdsId":"IP-103242","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-593-2020","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chincoteague Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.39093017578125,\n 37.917117737741826\n ],\n [\n -75.30166625976562,\n 37.95827503526034\n ],\n [\n -75.20416259765625,\n 38.08809407886683\n ],\n [\n -75.16021728515624,\n 38.18098951438852\n ],\n [\n -75.13687133789061,\n 38.23710146774334\n ],\n [\n -75.09841918945311,\n 38.3211882645322\n ],\n [\n -75.15060424804688,\n 38.28131307922966\n ],\n [\n -75.18081665039062,\n 38.23494411562881\n ],\n [\n -75.19454956054688,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -75.28106689453125,\n 38.19502155795575\n ],\n [\n -75.311279296875,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -75.32913208007812,\n 38.111869281948955\n ],\n [\n -75.36483764648438,\n 38.07404145941957\n ],\n [\n -75.35659790039062,\n 38.06106741381201\n ],\n [\n -75.3936767578125,\n 38.034030762875844\n ],\n [\n -75.43212890625,\n 37.98750437106374\n ],\n [\n -75.44036865234375,\n 37.95827503526034\n ],\n [\n -75.39093017578125,\n 37.917117737741826\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, Neil Kamal 0000-0002-1096-0465 nganju@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":192273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil","email":"nganju@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kamal","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Testa, Jeremy","contributorId":199779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Testa","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suttles, Steven E. 0000-0002-4119-8370 ssuttles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-8370","contributorId":192272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suttles","given":"Steven","email":"ssuttles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aretxabaleta, Alfredo 0000-0002-9914-8018 aaretxabaleta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-8018","contributorId":140090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aretxabaleta","given":"Alfredo","email":"aaretxabaleta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70213698,"text":"70213698 - 2020 - Biological soil crusts in ecological restoration: Emerging research and perspectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T21:33:47.885725","indexId":"70213698","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-14T16:31:02","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological soil crusts in ecological restoration: Emerging research and perspectives","docAbstract":"Drylands encompass over 40% of terrestrial ecosystems and face significant anthropogenic degradation causing a loss of ecosystem integrity, services, and deterioration of social‐ecological systems. To combat this degradation, some dryland restoration efforts have focused on the use of biological soil crusts (biocrusts): complex communities of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, bryophytes, and other organisms living in association with the top millimeters of soil. Biocrusts are common in many ecosystems and especially drylands. They perform a suite of ecosystem functions: stabilizing soil surfaces to prevent erosion, contributing carbon through photosynthesis, fixing nitrogen, and mediating the hydrological cycle in drylands. Biocrusts have emerged as a potential tool in restoration; developing methods to implement effective biocrust restoration has the potential to return many ecosystem functions and services. Although culture‐based approaches have allowed researchers to learn about the biology, physiology, and cultivation of biocrusts, transferring this knowledge to field implementation has been more challenging. A large amount of research has amassed to improve our understanding of biocrust restoration, leaving us at an opportune time to learn from one another and to join approaches for maximum efficacy. The articles in this special issue improve the state of our current knowledge in biocrust restoration, highlighting efforts to effectively restore biocrusts through a variety of different ecosystems, across scales and utilizing a variety of lab and field methods. This collective work provides a useful resource for the scientific community as well as land managers.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/rec.13201","usgsCitation":"Antoninka, A., Faist, A.M., Rodriguez-Caballero, E., Young, K., Chaudhary, V., Condon, L.A., and Pyke, D.A., 2020, Biological soil crusts in ecological restoration: Emerging research and perspectives: Restoration Ecology, v. 28, no. S2, p. s3-s8, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13201.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"s3","endPage":"s8","ipdsId":"IP-117103","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"S2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antoninka, Anita","contributorId":166769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Antoninka","given":"Anita","affiliations":[{"id":24503,"text":"Northern Arizona University, School of Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faist, Akasha M.","contributorId":193038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faist","given":"Akasha","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez-Caballero, Emilio 0000-0002-5934-3214","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5934-3214","contributorId":205639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez-Caballero","given":"Emilio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37132,"text":"Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, Kristina E.","contributorId":195945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Kristina E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chaudhary, V Bala","contributorId":240984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chaudhary","given":"V Bala","affiliations":[{"id":36623,"text":"DePaul University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Condon, Lea A. 0000-0002-9357-3881","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-3881","contributorId":202908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"Lea","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70228556,"text":"70228556 - 2020 - A decision-support tool to prioritize candidate landscapes for lesser prairie-chicken conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T19:36:31.861247","indexId":"70228556","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-14T14:36:10","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A decision-support tool to prioritize candidate landscapes for lesser prairie-chicken conservation","docAbstract":"Context
Development of systematic methods for conservation planning has improved effectiveness and efficiency of implementing such plans. The lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) is a grouse species of conservation concern native to the southwestern Great Plains of the United States. Recent lesser prairie-chicken conservation planning has involved identifying ecologically important areas but has not incorporated economic data into prioritization of areas to target for conservation management.
Objectives
We used the program Marxan to develop a decision-support tool for managers in Kansas to prioritize tracts for improving lesser prairie-chicken habitat quality and increasing habitat availability. We developed three different conservation scenarios and evaluated the tradeoffs among multiple planning objectives in these scenarios.
Methods
We incorporated population targets from an existing conservation plan and agricultural economic data to help select land with maximum ecological value and minimum economic productivity to prioritize for lesser prairie-chicken conservation. We compared potential conservation plans and incorporated a post hoc connectivity model to test potential for individuals to travel among habitat patches in these plans during dispersal events.
Results
We found that different conservation scenarios led to different solutions, though differences varied by ecoregion. Potential solutions for all scenarios contained habitat patches not currently included in existing conservation plans and had high connectivity potential.
Conclusions
These results provide context for spatial prioritization of lesser prairie-chicken habitat management in Kansas. Application of this approach to species of conservation interest could help managers incorporate socioeconomic factors into planning methods and identify important tracts for conservation currently overlooked by existing planning methods.
The 2018 Kīlauea Volcano eruption lasted 107 days, and now ranks as the most destructive event at Kilauea since 1790, and as one of the most costly volcanic disasters in U.S. history. Multiple simultaneous hazard events unfolded, including sustained seismic activity leading to collapse at the summit of Halema'uma'u crater and severe damage to the HVO facility, with additional eruption of lava in the Kīlauea Lower East Rift Zone that progressively grew to a total of 24 fissure openings. In response to the complex and uncertain nature of the eruption, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) team activities tended to coalesce around several interrelated core functional areas: science operations, emergency management and administration, and external communications. Upon cessation of the eruption, the USGS Hazard Response Executive Committee charged the Alaska Regional Office to lead an After-Action Review team, which focused on two basic questions: (1) what went well, and why?; and (2) what can be improved, and how? The purpose of the After-Action Review is to identify priorities for programmatic or policy improvements that the USGS can feasibly implement to advance strategic preparation for future disasters, and thereby reduce public vulnerabilities. Specifically, the review is intended to help USGS respond even better to the next eruption in Hawai'i or elsewhere by advancing any of the following goals:
Regional Director, Alaska
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508-4560
Factors affecting iron fouling in wet areas adjacent to roadways were investigated by collecting field rock cut and aqueous physicochemical data; developing exploratory predictive models; and developing geochemical models. Basic data included the identification of iron fouling from aerial imagery and field visits at 374 New Hampshire rock cut locations, and their associated rock-fill sites. Based on field water quality measurements from wet areas at 36 of the rock-fill sites, the occurrence of iron fouling was associated with higher values of specific conductance, lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen and lower pH compared to areas without iron fouling. A statistical model, using boosted regression trees, was developed to predict the occurrence of iron fouling in wet areas adjacent to roadways where rock-fill from nearby rock cuts was used in roadway construction. The model was used to develop a continuous iron fouling probability map for the state of New Hampshire that can be used to better understand the occurrence of iron fouling. Geochemical models illustrate how iron fouling of waters increases along roadways built with fill from sulfidic rock cuts as a result of acid generation from pyrite dissolution and ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidation and increases in areas with greater specific conductance from deicing runoff caused by cation exchange. More iron is precipitated as goethite in simulations that include pyrite, and in simulations with deicing salts added, indicating that rock-fill sites with rocks that contain pyrite and water with greater salt content could have enhanced iron fouling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s42452-020-2849-2","usgsCitation":"Lombard, M.A., Lombard, P.J., Brown, C., and Degnan, J., 2020, A multi-model approach toward understanding iron fouling at rock-fill drainage sites along roadways in New Hampshire, USA: SN Applied Sciences, 1073, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2849-2.","productDescription":"1073, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-100784","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2849-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TUOH95","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Iron fouling data associated with drainage from roadway sites constructed with rock fill in New 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Melissa A. 0000-0001-5924-6556 mlombard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5924-6556","contributorId":198254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Melissa","email":"mlombard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. 0000-0002-0983-1906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-1906","contributorId":203509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Craig J. 0000-0002-3858-3964","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-3964","contributorId":210450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Craig J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Degnan, James R. 0000-0002-5665-9010","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-9010","contributorId":218796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Degnan","given":"James R.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228606,"text":"70228606 - 2020 - Tracking fisheries through time: The American Fisheries Society as an historical lens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-18T15:54:07.350505","indexId":"70228606","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-14T09:20:06","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5686,"text":"Fisheries Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking fisheries through time: The American Fisheries Society as an historical lens","docAbstract":"The historical context of current environment conditions offers vital guidance to North American fisheries professionals as they strive to develop effective management plans and policies. This retrospective includes understanding the remarkable historic fisheries resource and causative reasons for establishing their public fisheries agencies and the American Fisheries Society (Society). Through a review of primary historical documents and literature for North America, this paper identifies: factors contributing to the of founding of the Society and public fish commissions; shows how selected resource issues evolved; and documents how and why selected fisheries and aquatic habitat policies changed in response to those issues. Overexploitation, landscape-scale habitat alterations, mining, and dams were the causative agents for emergence of fisheries agencies and the Society, and these environmental factors remain relevant today. Beginning in the 1960s, after 100 years of inaction, North Americans grew tired of degraded waters and fisheries and forced policy changes that have directly and indirectly affected the fisheries we manage today. The historical events and resulting corrective legislation are taken for granted by those unaware that our Society has actively participated in developing policies to address these environmental harms. Further, the Society continues to play a vital role in identifying key issues, providing conduits for information to cope with impairments, and advocating for policies to conserve intact habitats and improve degraded systems. The struggles documented in this paper offer crucial lessons as we continue to be challenged by legacy resource issues and face emerging environmental stressors such as climate change as well as regression in long-standing environmental protection policies.","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/fsh.10457","usgsCitation":"Whelan, G., Day, D., Casselman, J., Gephart, L., Hall, C., Lichatowich, J., Matylewich, M., Miranda, L.E., Roulson, L., Shirey, P., Mercado-Silva, N., Waldman, J., and Winters, D., 2020, Tracking fisheries through time: The American Fisheries Society as an historical lens: Fisheries Magazine, v. 45, no. 8, p. 392-426, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10457.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"392","endPage":"426","ipdsId":"IP-117673","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit 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estimation methods that transfer information from an index gage to an ungaged site are commonly used; however, uncertainty in daily streamflow estimates are often not adequately quantified. In this study, daily streamflow was simulated at 1,331 validation streamgages across the continental United States using four transfer-based streamflow estimation methods. Empirical 95 percent uncertainty intervals were computed for estimated daily streamflows. Uncertainty intervals were evaluated for reliability, sharpness, and overall ability to accurately quantify the uncertainty inherent in the estimated daily streamflow. Uncertainty intervals performed reliably in the Eastern U.S. and Pacific Northwest regions of the country, containing a median of 96 and 99 percent of the observed values respectively. Uncertainty intervals were less reliable in the Great Plains and arid Southwest regions, where uncertainty intervals contained a median of 83 and 94 percent of the observed streamflows respectively. Uncertainty interval performance was correlated with gage density and hydrologic similarity near the validation site, as well as the aridity and base-flow indices at the site.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w12051390","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Levin, S., and Farmer, W.H., 2020, Evaluation of uncertainty intervals for daily, statistically derived streamflow estimates at ungaged basins across the continental U.S.: Water, v. 12, no. 5, 1390, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051390.","productDescription":"1390, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117236","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051390","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KCLD9W","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Performance of 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