The US is in the midst of a continental scale, multiyear water resources experiment. What are we doing? We are expanding population at two to three times the national growth rate, particularly where water stress is already great. We are expanding irrigated agriculture from the west to the east, where increased competition for water has urban, agricultural, and environmental interests at odds, and increasingly, in court. This experiment and related challenges will continue and likely intensify as nonclimatic and climatic factors, such as predicted rising temperature and changes in the distribution of precipitation in time and space, continue to develop.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Comprehensive water quality and purification","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00009-8","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., 2013, Global change and water availability and quality: Challenges ahead, chap. 1.2 of Comprehensive water quality and purification, v. 1, p. 11-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00009-8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"20","ipdsId":"IP-049235","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6c77e4b0b29085104913","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ahuja, Satinder","contributorId":112819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahuja","given":"Satinder","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509350,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":480861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70129606,"text":"70129606 - 2013 - Temporal dynamics of biogeochemical processes at the Norman Landfill site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T10:18:38","indexId":"70129606","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal dynamics of biogeochemical processes at the Norman Landfill site","docAbstract":"The temporal variability observed in redox sensitive species in groundwater can be attributed to coupled hydrological, geochemical, and microbial processes. These controlling processes are typically nonstationary, and distributed across various time scales. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate biogeochemical data sets from a municipal landfill site to identify the dominant modes of variation and determine the physical controls that become significant at different time scales. Data on hydraulic head, specific conductance, δ2H, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon were collected between 1998 and 2000 at three wells at the Norman Landfill site in Norman, OK. Wavelet analysis on this geochemical data set indicates that variations in concentrations of reactive and conservative solutes are strongly coupled to hydrologic variability (water table elevation and precipitation) at 8 month scales, and to individual eco-hydrogeologic framework (such as seasonality of vegetation, surface-groundwater dynamics) at 16 month scales. Apart from hydrologic variations, temporal variability in sulfate concentrations can be associated with different sources (FeS cycling, recharge events) and sinks (uptake by vegetation) depending on the well location and proximity to the leachate plume. Results suggest that nitrate concentrations show multiscale behavior across temporal scales for different well locations, and dominant variability in dissolved organic carbon for a closed municipal landfill can be larger than 2 years due to its decomposition and changing content. A conceptual framework that explains the variability in chemical concentrations at different time scales as a function of hydrologic processes, site-specific interactions, and/or coupled biogeochemical effects is also presented.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wrcr.20484","usgsCitation":"Arora, B., Mohanty, B., McGuire, J.T., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2013, Temporal dynamics of biogeochemical processes at the Norman Landfill site: Water Resources Research, v. 49, no. 10, p. 6909-6926, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20484.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"6909","endPage":"6926","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-045237","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20484","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295704,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20484"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Norman","volume":"49","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b6a31e4b03653c63fb1e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arora, Bhavna","contributorId":66191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arora","given":"Bhavna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mohanty, Binayak P.","contributorId":52509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohanty","given":"Binayak P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, Jennifer T.","contributorId":42155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046084,"text":"70046084 - 2013 - Effect of correlated observation error on parameters, predictions, and uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:33:11","indexId":"70046084","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of correlated observation error on parameters, predictions, and uncertainty","docAbstract":"Correlations among observation errors are typically omitted when calculating observation weights for model calibration by inverse methods. We explore the effects of omitting these correlations on estimates of parameters, predictions, and uncertainties. First, we develop a new analytical expression for the difference in parameter variance estimated with and without error correlations for a simple one-parameter two-observation inverse model. Results indicate that omitting error correlations from both the weight matrix and the variance calculation can either increase or decrease the parameter variance, depending on the values of error correlation (ρ) and the ratio of dimensionless scaled sensitivities (rdss). For small ρ, the difference in variance is always small, but for large ρ, the difference varies widely depending on the sign and magnitude of rdss. Next, we consider a groundwater reactive transport model of denitrification with four parameters and correlated geochemical observation errors that are computed by an error-propagation approach that is new for hydrogeologic studies. We compare parameter estimates, predictions, and uncertainties obtained with and without the error correlations. Omitting the correlations modestly to substantially changes parameter estimates, and causes both increases and decreases of parameter variances, consistent with the analytical expression. Differences in predictions for the models calibrated with and without error correlations can be greater than parameter differences when both are considered relative to their respective confidence intervals. These results indicate that including observation error correlations in weighting for nonlinear regression can have important effects on parameter estimates, predictions, and their respective uncertainties.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wrcr.20499","usgsCitation":"Tiedeman, C.R., and Green, C.T., 2013, Effect of correlated observation error on parameters, predictions, and uncertainty: Water Resources Research, v. 49, no. 10, p. 6339-6355, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20499.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"6339","endPage":"6355","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045884","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20499","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278959,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20499"}],"volume":"49","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527e5869e4b02d2057dd95d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70074641,"text":"70074641 - 2013 - Influence of dissolved organic matter character on mercury incorporation by planktonic organisms: an experimental study using oligotrophic water from Patagonian lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-31T09:30:32","indexId":"70074641","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T09:18:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2267,"text":"Journal of Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of dissolved organic matter character on mercury incorporation by planktonic organisms: an experimental study using oligotrophic water from Patagonian lakes","docAbstract":"Ligands present in dissolved organic matter (DOM) form complexes with inorganic divalent mercury (Hg2+) affecting its bioavailability in pelagic food webs. This investigation addresses the influence of a natural gradient of DOM present in Patagonian lakes on the bioaccumulation of Hg2+ (the prevailing mercury species in the water column of these lakes) by the algae Cryptomonas erosa and the zooplankters Brachionus calyciflorus and Boeckella antiqua. Hg2+ accumulation was studied through laboratory experiments using natural water of four oligotrophic Patagonian lakes amended with197Hg2+. The bioavailability of Hg2+ was affected by the concentration and character of DOM. The entrance of Hg2+ into pelagic food webs occurs mostly through passive and active accumulation. The incorporation of Hg2+ by Cryptomonas, up to 27% of the Hg2+ amended, was found to be rapid and dominated by passive adsorption, and was greatest when low molecular weight compounds with protein-like or small phenolic signatures prevailed in the DOM. Conversely, high molecular weight compounds with a humic or fulvic signature kept Hg2+ in the dissolved phase, resulting in the lowest Hg2+ accumulation in this algae. In Brachionus and Boeckella the direct incorporation of Hg from the aqueous phase was up to 3% of the Hg2+ amended. The dietary incorporation of Hg2+ by Boeckella exceeded the direct absorption of this metal in natural water, and was remarkably similar to the Hg2+ adsorbed in their prey. Overall, DOM concentration and character affected the adsorption of Hg2+ by algae through competitive binding, while the incorporation of Hg2+ into the zooplankton was dominated by trophic or dietary transfer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1001-0742(12)60281-2","usgsCitation":"Dieguez, M.C., Queimalinos, C.P., Guevara, S.R., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Cardenas, C.S., and Arribere, M.A., 2013, Influence of dissolved organic matter character on mercury incorporation by planktonic organisms: an experimental study using oligotrophic water from Patagonian lakes: Journal of Environmental Sciences, v. 25, no. 10, p. 1980-1991, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(12)60281-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1980","endPage":"1991","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-044686","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/6715","text":"External Repository"},{"id":281789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281788,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(12)60281-2"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"Patagonia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.73,-55.98 ], [ -75.73,-32.95 ], [ -58.09,-32.95 ], [ -58.09,-55.98 ], [ -75.73,-55.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd627be4b0b290850fe372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieguez, Maria C.","contributorId":41336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieguez","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Queimalinos, Claudia P.","contributorId":23437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Queimalinos","given":"Claudia","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guevara, Sergio Ribeiro","contributorId":28506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guevara","given":"Sergio","email":"","middleInitial":"Ribeiro","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cardenas, Carolina Soto","contributorId":14730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardenas","given":"Carolina","email":"","middleInitial":"Soto","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arribere, Maria A.","contributorId":58538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arribere","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70067711,"text":"70067711 - 2013 - Photometric properties of Mars soils analogs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-09T09:12:25","indexId":"70067711","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T09:04:55","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photometric properties of Mars soils analogs","docAbstract":"We have measured the bidirectional reflectance of analogs of dry, wet, and frozen Martian soils over a wide range of phase angles in the visible spectral range. All samples were produced from two geologic samples: the standard JSC Mars-1 soil simulant and Hawaiian basaltic sand. In a first step, experiments were conducted with the dry samples to investigate the effects of surface texture. Comparisons with results independently obtained by different teams with similar samples showed a satisfying reproducibility of the photometric measurements as well as a noticeable influence of surface textures resulting from different sample preparation procedures. In a second step, water was introduced to produce wet and frozen samples and their photometry investigated. Optical microscope images of the samples provided information about their microtexture. Liquid water, even in relatively low amount, resulted in the disappearance of the backscattering peak and the appearance of a forward-scattering peak whose intensity increases with the amount of water. Specular reflections only appeared when water was present in an amount large enough to allow water to form a film at the surface of the sample. Icy samples showed a wide variability of photometric properties depending on the physical properties of the water ice. We discuss the implications of these measurements in terms of the expected photometric behavior of the Martian surface, from equatorial to circum-polar regions. In particular, we propose some simple photometric criteria to improve the identification of wet and/or icy soils from multiple observations under different geometries.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jgre.20158","usgsCitation":"Pommerol, A., Thomas, N., Jost, B., Beck, P., Okubo, C., and McEwen, A.S., 2013, Photometric properties of Mars soils analogs: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 118, no. 10, p. 2045-2072, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgre.20158.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"2045","endPage":"2072","ipdsId":"IP-044935","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/45644/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":280785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280784,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgre.20158"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 0.01888888888888889,-60 ], [ 0.01888888888888889,0.0016666666666666668 ], [ -0.014444444444444444,0.0016666666666666668 ], [ -0.014444444444444444,-60 ], [ 0.01888888888888889,-60 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6b61e4b0b29085103e1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pommerol, A.","contributorId":70675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pommerol","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jost, B.","contributorId":37247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jost","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beck, P.","contributorId":43700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Okubo, C.","contributorId":91699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70046079,"text":"70046079 - 2013 - Degree-day accumulation influences annual variability in growth of age-0 walleye","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-08T09:39:49","indexId":"70046079","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T09:02:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degree-day accumulation influences annual variability in growth of age-0 walleye","docAbstract":"The growth of age-0 fishes influences survival, especially in temperate regions where size-dependent over-winter mortality can be substantial. Additional benefits of earlier maturation and greater fecundity may exist for faster growing individuals. This study correlated prey densities, growing-degree days, water-surface elevation, turbidity, and chlorophyll a with age-0 walleye Sander vitreus growth in a south-central Nebraska irrigation reservoir. Growth of age-0 walleye was variable between 2003 and 2011, with mean lengths ranging from 128 to 231 mm by fall (September 30th–October 15th). A set of a priori candidate models were used to assess the relative support of explanatory variables using Akaike's information criterion (AIC). A temperature model using the growing degree-days metric was the best supported model, describing 65% of the variability in annual mean lengths of age-0 walleye. The second and third best supported models included the variables chlorophyll a (r2 = 0.49) and larval freshwater drum density (r2 = 0.45), respectively. There have been mixed results concerning the importance of temperature effects on growth of age-0 walleye. This study supports the hypothesis that temperature is the most important predictor of age-0 walleye growth near the southwestern limits of its natural range.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2013.05.010","usgsCitation":"Uphoff, C.S., Schoenebeck, C.W., Hoback, W.W., Koupal, K.D., and Pope, K.L., 2013, Degree-day accumulation influences annual variability in growth of age-0 walleye: Fisheries Research, v. 147, p. 394-398, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2013.05.010.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"398","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-042078","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278956,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2013.05.010"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Henry County Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.393753,40.017068 ], [ -99.393753,40.098484 ], [ -99.210365,40.098484 ], [ -99.210365,40.017068 ], [ -99.393753,40.017068 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"147","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527e5868e4b02d2057dd95cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Uphoff, Christopher S.","contributorId":19073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uphoff","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoenebeck, Casey W.","contributorId":94201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenebeck","given":"Casey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoback, W. Wyatt","contributorId":30130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoback","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wyatt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koupal, Keith D.","contributorId":37592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koupal","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047452,"text":"70047452 - 2013 - Runoff-generated debris flows: observations and modeling of surge initiation, magnitude, and frequency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T09:27:16","indexId":"70047452","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T08:53:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Runoff-generated debris flows: observations and modeling of surge initiation, magnitude, and frequency","docAbstract":"Runoff during intense rainstorms plays a major role in generating debris flows in many alpine areas and burned steeplands. Yet compared to debris flow initiation from shallow landslides, the mechanics by which runoff generates a debris flow are less understood. To better understand debris flow initiation by surface water runoff, we monitored flow stage and rainfall associated with debris flows in the headwaters of two small catchments: a bedrock-dominated alpine basin in central Colorado (0.06 km2) and a recently burned area in southern California (0.01 km2). We also obtained video footage of debris flow initiation and flow dynamics from three cameras at the Colorado site. Stage observations at both sites display distinct patterns in debris flow surge characteristics relative to rainfall intensity (I). We observe small, quasiperiodic surges at low I; large, quasiperiodic surges at intermediate I; and a single large surge followed by small-amplitude fluctuations about a more steady high flow at high I. Video observations of surge formation lead us to the hypothesis that these flow patterns are controlled by upstream variations in channel slope, in which low-gradient sections act as “sediment capacitors,” temporarily storing incoming bed load transported by water flow and periodically releasing the accumulated sediment as a debris flow surge. To explore this hypothesis, we develop a simple one-dimensional morphodynamic model of a sediment capacitor that consists of a system of coupled equations for water flow, bed load transport, slope stability, and mass flow. This model reproduces the essential patterns in surge magnitude and frequency with rainfall intensity observed at the two field sites and provides a new framework for predicting the runoff threshold for debris flow initiation in a burned or alpine setting.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jgrf.20148","usgsCitation":"Kean, J.W., McCoy, S.W., Tucker, G., Staley, D.M., and Coe, J.A., 2013, Runoff-generated debris flows: observations and modeling of surge initiation, magnitude, and frequency: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 118, no. 4, p. 2190-2207, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20148.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2190","endPage":"2207","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-050012","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279012,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20148"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arroyo Seco;Chalk Cliffs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.23,34.08 ], [ -118.23,39.08 ], [ -105.79,39.08 ], [ -105.79,34.08 ], [ -118.23,34.08 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52835c25e4b047efbbb4ae75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCoy, Scott W.","contributorId":94954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, Gregory E.","contributorId":39280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Gregory E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148111,"text":"70148111 - 2013 - Spatial and temporal variation in efficiency of the Moore egg collector","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T11:02:23","indexId":"70148111","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variation in efficiency of the Moore egg collector","docAbstract":"The Moore egg collector (MEC) was developed for quantitative and nondestructive capture of semibuoyant fish eggs. Previous studies have indicated that capture efficiency of the MEC was low and the use of one device did not adequately represent the spatial distribution within the water column of egg surrogates (gellan beads) of pelagic broadcast-spawning cyprinids. The objective of this study was to assess whether use of multiple MECs showed differences in spatial and temporal distribution of bead catches. Capture efficiency of three MECs was tested at four 500-m sites on the South Canadian River, a Great Plains river in Oklahoma. For each trial, approximately 100,000 beads were released and mean capture efficiency was 0.47–2.16%. Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests indicated the spatial distributions of bead catches were different among multiple MECs at three of four sites. Temporal variability in timing of peak catches of gellan beads was also evident between MECs. We concluded that the use of multiple MECs is necessary to properly sample eggs of pelagic broadcast-spawning cyprinids.
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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70146525,"text":"70146525 - 2013 - Complex resistivity signatures of ethanol biodegradation in porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-17T15:51:53","indexId":"70146525","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex resistivity signatures of ethanol biodegradation in porous media","docAbstract":"Numerous adverse effects are associated with the accidental release of ethanol (EtOH) and its persistence in the subsurface. Geophysical techniques may permit non-invasive, real time monitoring of microbial degradation of hydrocarbon. We performed complex resistivity (CR) measurements in conjunction with geochemical data analysis on three microbial-stimulated and two control columns to investigate changes in electrical properties during EtOH biodegradation processes in porous media. A Debye Decomposition approach was applied to determine the chargeability (m), normalized chargeability (mn) and time constant (τ) of the polarization magnitude and relaxation length scale as a function of time. The CR responses showed a clear distinction between the bioaugmented and control columns in terms of real (σ′) and imaginary (σ″) conductivity, phase (ϕ) and apparent formation factor (Fapp). Unlike the control columns, a substantial decrease in σ′ and increase in Fapp occurred at an early time (within 4 days) of the experiment for all three bioaugmented columns. The observed decrease in σ′ is opposite to previous studies on hydrocarbon biodegradation. These columns also exhibited increases in ϕ (up to ~ 9 mrad) and σ″ (up to two order of magnitude higher) 5 weeks after microbial inoculation. Variations in m and mn were consistent with temporal changes in ϕ and σ″ responses, respectively. Temporal geochemical changes and high resolution scanning electron microscopy imaging corroborated the CR findings, thus indicating the sensitivity of CR measurements to EtOH biodegradation processes. Our results offer insight into the potential application of CR measurements for long-term monitoring of biogeochemical and mineralogical changes during intrinsic and induced EtOH biodegradation in the subsurface.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2013.07.005","usgsCitation":"Personna, Y.R., Slater, L., Ntarlagiannis, D., Werkema, D.D., and Szabo, Z., 2013, Complex resistivity signatures of ethanol biodegradation in porous media: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 153, p. 37-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2013.07.005.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048879","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"153","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55322ec3e4b0b22a158063db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Personna, Yves Robert","contributorId":77820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Personna","given":"Yves","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, Lee","contributorId":55707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slater","given":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios","contributorId":55303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ntarlagiannis","given":"Dimitrios","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werkema, Dale D.","contributorId":40488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werkema","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":138827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70143407,"text":"70143407 - 2013 - The role of irrigation runoff and winter rainfall on dissolved organic carbon loads in an agricultural watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-13T16:06:02","indexId":"70143407","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of irrigation runoff and winter rainfall on dissolved organic carbon loads in an agricultural watershed","docAbstract":"We investigated the role of land use/land cover and agriculture practices on stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics in the Willow Slough watershed (WSW) from 2006 to 2008. The 415 km2watershed in the northern Central Valley, California is covered by 31% of native vegetation and the remaining 69% of agricultural fields (primarily alfalfa, tomatoes, and rice). Stream discharge and weekly DOC concentrations were measured at eight nested subwatersheds to estimate the DOC loads and yields (loads/area) using the USGS developed stream load estimation model, LOADEST. Stream DOC concentrations peaked at 18.9 mg L−1 during summer irrigation in the subwatershed with the highest percentage of agricultural land use, demonstrating the strong influence of agricultural activities on summer DOC dynamics. These high concentrations contributed to DOC yields increasing up to 1.29 g m−2 during the 6 month period of intensive agricultural activity. The high DOC yields from the most agricultural subwatershed during the summer irrigation period was similar throughout the study, suggesting that summer DOC loads from irrigation runoff would not change significantly in the absence of major changes in crops or irrigation practices. In contrast, annual DOC yields varied from 0.89 to 1.68 g m−2 yr−1 for the most agricultural watershed due to differences in winter precipitation. This suggests that variability in the annual DOC yields will be largely determined by the winter precipitation, which can vary significantly from year to year. Changes in precipitation patterns and intensities as well as agricultural practices have potential to considerably alter the DOC dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2013.07.004","usgsCitation":"Oh, N., Pellerin, B.A., Bachand, P., Hernes, P.J., Bachand, S., Ohara, N., Kavvas, M., Bergamaschi, B., and Horwath, W., 2013, The role of irrigation runoff and winter rainfall on dissolved organic carbon loads in an agricultural watershed: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, no. 179, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.07.004.","productDescription":"10 p","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049317","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.83563232421875,\n 38.495518711354016\n ],\n [\n -121.83563232421875,\n 38.60506646289451\n ],\n [\n -121.64199829101561,\n 38.60506646289451\n ],\n [\n -121.64199829101561,\n 38.495518711354016\n ],\n [\n -121.83563232421875,\n 38.495518711354016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"179","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550bf33ae4b02e76d759ce06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oh, Neung-Hwan","contributorId":139734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oh","given":"Neung-Hwan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12896,"text":"Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bachand, Philip","contributorId":81013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12526,"text":"Bachand & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hernes, Peter J.","contributorId":85311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bachand, Sandra M.","contributorId":45542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"Sandra M.","affiliations":[{"id":12526,"text":"Bachand & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ohara, Noriaki","contributorId":139736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohara","given":"Noriaki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12898,"text":"Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kavvas, M. 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Levent","affiliations":[{"id":12899,"text":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Horwath, William R.","contributorId":37234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horwath","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70193295,"text":"70193295 - 2013 - A GIS and statistical approach to identify variables that control water quality in hydrothermally altered and mineralized watersheds, Silverton, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T14:20:55","indexId":"70193295","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A GIS and statistical approach to identify variables that control water quality in hydrothermally altered and mineralized watersheds, Silverton, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Hydrothermally altered bedrock in the Silverton mining area, southwest Colorado, USA, contains sulfide minerals that weather to produce acidic and metal-rich leachate that is toxic to aquatic life. This study utilized a geographic information system (GIS) and statistical approach to identify watershed-scale geologic variables in the Silverton area that influence water quality. GIS analysis of mineral maps produced using remote sensing datasets including Landsat Thematic Mapper, advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer, and a hybrid airborne visible infrared imaging spectrometer and field-based product enabled areas of alteration to be quantified. Correlations between water quality signatures determined at watershed outlets, and alteration types intersecting both total watershed areas and GIS-buffered areas along streams were tested using linear regression analysis. Despite remote sensing datasets having varying watershed area coverage due to vegetation cover and differing mineral mapping capabilities, each dataset was useful for delineating acid-generating bedrock. Areas of quartz–sericite–pyrite mapped by AVIRIS have the highest correlations with acidic surface water and elevated iron and aluminum concentrations. Alkalinity was only correlated with area of acid neutralizing, propylitically altered bedrock containing calcite and chlorite mapped by AVIRIS. Total watershed area of acid-generating bedrock is more significantly correlated with acidic and metal-rich surface water when compared with acid-generating bedrock intersected by GIS-buffered areas along streams. This methodology could be useful in assessing the possible effects that alteration type area has in either generating or neutralizing acidity in unmined watersheds and in areas where new mining is planned.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12665-013-2229-y","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., Johnson, R.H., Rockwell, B.W., Caine, J.S., and Smith, K.S., 2013, A GIS and statistical approach to identify variables that control water quality in hydrothermally altered and mineralized watersheds, Silverton, Colorado, USA: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 70, no. 3, p. 1057-1082, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2229-y.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1057","endPage":"1082","ipdsId":"IP-031298","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2229-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Silverton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.86445617675781,\n 37.621302013833\n ],\n [\n -107.47169494628906,\n 37.621302013833\n ],\n [\n -107.47169494628906,\n 37.98317483351337\n ],\n [\n -107.86445617675781,\n 37.98317483351337\n ],\n [\n -107.86445617675781,\n 37.621302013833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ef0ae4b09af898c8cd79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":718577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70191693,"text":"70191693 - 2013 - Thermal controls of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and invasive fishes under climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T10:26:39","indexId":"70191693","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal controls of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and invasive fishes under climate change","docAbstract":"We combine large observed data sets and dynamically downscaled climate data to explore historic and future (2050–2069) stream temperature changes over the topographically diverse Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (elevation range = 824–4017 m). We link future stream temperatures with fish growth models to investigate how changing thermal regimes could influence the future distribution and persistence of native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (YCT) and competing invasive species. We find that stream temperatures during the recent decade (2000–2009) surpass the anomalously warm period of the 1930s. Climate simulations indicate air temperatures will warm by 1 °C to >3 °C over the Greater Yellowstone by mid-21st century, resulting in concomitant increases in 2050–2069 peak stream temperatures and protracted periods of warming from May to September (MJJAS). Projected changes in thermal regimes during the MJJAS growing season modify the trajectories of daily growth rates at all elevations with pronounced growth during early and late summer. For high-elevation populations, we find considerable increases in fish body mass attributable both to warming of cold-water temperatures and to extended growing seasons. During peak July to August warming, mid-21st century temperatures will cause periods of increased thermal stress, rendering some low-elevation streams less suitable for YCT. The majority (80%) of sites currently inhabited by YCT, however, display minimal loss (<10%) or positive changes in total body mass by midcentury; we attribute this response to the fact that many low-elevation populations of YCT have already been extirpated by historical changes in land use and invasions of non-native species. Our results further suggest that benefits to YCT populations due to warmer stream temperatures at currently cold sites could be offset by the interspecific effects of corresponding growth of sympatric, non-native species, underscoring the importance of developing climate adaptation strategies that reduce limiting factors such as non-native species and habitat degradation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12262","usgsCitation":"Al-Chokhachy, R.K., Alder, J.R., Hostetler, S.W., Gresswell, R.E., and Shepard, B., 2013, Thermal controls of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and invasive fishes under climate change: Global Change Biology, v. 19, no. 10, p. 3069-3081, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12262.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3069","endPage":"3081","ipdsId":"IP-041433","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12262","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2aae4b0220bbd9d9fc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alder, Jay R. 0000-0003-2378-2853 jalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-2853","contributorId":5118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alder","given":"Jay","email":"jalder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":713081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shepard, Bradley","contributorId":152364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shepard","given":"Bradley","affiliations":[{"id":18917,"text":"4B.B. Shepard and Associates, Livingston, MT, 59047 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":713085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70189077,"text":"70189077 - 2013 - Nature's refineries — Metals and metalloids in arc volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T16:25:27","indexId":"70189077","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nature's refineries — Metals and metalloids in arc volcanoes","docAbstract":"Chemical data for fumaroles and for atmospheric gas and ash plumes from active arc volcanoes provide glimpses of the rates of release of metal and metalloids, such as Tl and Cd, from shallow and mid-crust magmas. Data from copper deposits formed in ancient volcanoes at depths of up to about 1500 m in the fractures below paleo-fumaroles, and at around 2000–4000 m in association with sub-volcanic intrusions (porphyry copper deposits) provide evidence of sub-surface deposition of Cu–Au–Ag–Mo and a range of other minor elements including Te, Se, As and Sb. These deposits, or ‘sinks’, of metals consistently record sustained histories of magmatic gas streaming through volcanic systems interspersed by continuing intrusive and eruptive activity. Here we integrate data from ancient and modern volcanic systems and show that the fluxes of metals and metalloids are controlled by a) the maintenance of fracture permeability in the stressed crust below volcanoes and b) the chemical processes that are triggered as magmatic gas, initially undersaturated with metals and metalloids, expands from lithostatic to very low pressure conditions through fracture arrays. The recognition of gas streaming may also account for the phenomenon of ‘excess degassing’, and defines an integral, but generally understated, component of active volcanic systems – a volcanic gas core – that is likely to be integral to the progression of eruptions to Plinean state.
Destabilization of solvated molecular metal and metalloid species in magmatic gas mixtures and changes in their redox state are triggered, as it expands to the surface by abrupt pressure drops, or throttles' in the fracture array that guides expansion to the surface. The electronically harder, low electronegativity metals, such as copper and iron, deposit rapidly in response to expansion followed more slowly by arsenic with antimony as sulfosalts. Heavy, large radius, softer elements such as bismuth, lead, and thallium along with cadmium are strongly fractionated along the way, eventually venting their excess along with SO2, CO2, and other components of the carrier gas, into the atmosphere. These elements, many of which are toxic, may also be dispersed by mixing with groundwater in the permeable crust below volcanoes and generate potential health risks due to Hg, As, and Se contamination of drinking water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.07.007","usgsCitation":"Henley, R., and Berger, B.R., 2013, Nature's refineries — Metals and metalloids in arc volcanoes: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 125, p. 146-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.07.007.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"170","ipdsId":"IP-038071","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c2e4b0d1f9f05067c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henley, R.W.","contributorId":52810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henley","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148710,"text":"70148710 - 2013 - Documenting utility of paddlefish otoliths for quantification of metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T11:16:57","indexId":"70148710","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Documenting utility of paddlefish otoliths for quantification of metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"The otoliths of the inner ear of fishes record the environment of their surrounding water throughout their life. For paddlefish (Polyodon spathula), otoliths have not been routinely used by scientists since their detriments were outlined in the early 1940s. We sought to determine if paddlefish otoliths were useful for resolving elemental information contained within.
\nAdult paddlefish were collected from two wild, self-sustaining populations in Oklahoma reservoirs in the Arkansas River basin. Juveniles were obtained from a hatchery in the Red River basin of Oklahoma. Otoliths were removed and laser ablation, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify eight elements (Li, Mg, Mn, Rb, Sr, Y, Ba, and Pb) along the core and edge portions, which were analyzed for differences between otolith regions and among paddlefish sources.
\nDifferences were found among samples for six of the eight elements examined. Otoliths from Red River basin paddlefish born in a hatchery had significantly lower amounts of Mg and Mn, but higher levels of Rb than otoliths from wild paddlefish in the Arkansas River basin. Concentrations of Y, Sr, and Ba were reduced on the edges of adult paddlefish from both reservoirs compared with the cores.
\nThis research shows the utility of using an ICP-MS analysis of paddlefish otoliths. Future research that seeks to determine sources of paddlefish production, such as which reservoir tributaries are most important for reproduction or what proportion of the population is composed of wild versus hatchery-produced individuals, appears promising. Published in 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
\nWe hypothesised and tested a hierarchical organisation model where riparian landcover would influence bank composition and light availability, which in turn would influence instream environments and control fish assemblages. The study was conducted during the dry season in 11 headwater tributaries of the Sorocaba River in the upper Paraná River Basin, south-eastern Brazil. We focused on seven environmental factors each represented by one or multiple environmental variables and seven fish functional traits each represented by two or more classes. Multivariate direct gradient analyses suggested that riparian zone landcover can be considered a higher level causal factor in a network of relations that control instream characteristics and fish assemblages. Our results provide a framework for a hierarchical conceptual model that identifies singular and collective influences of variables from different scales on each other and ultimately on different aspects related to stream fish functional composition. This conceptual model is focused on the relationships between riparian landcover and instream variables as causal factors on the organisation of stream fish assemblages. Our results can also be viewed as a model for headwater stream management in that landcover can be manipulated to influence factors such as bank composition, substrates and water quality, whereas fish assemblage composition can be used as indicators to monitor the success of such efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12065","usgsCitation":"Cruz, B.B., Miranda, L.E., and Cetra, M., 2013, Links between riparian landcover, instream environment and fish assemblages in headwater streams of south-eastern Brazil: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 22, no. 4, p. 607-616, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12065.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"616","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040676","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Sorocaba River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -47.669677734375,\n -23.61432859499169\n ],\n [\n -47.669677734375,\n -23.35486416841885\n ],\n [\n -47.23297119140625,\n -23.35486416841885\n ],\n [\n -47.23297119140625,\n -23.61432859499169\n ],\n [\n -47.669677734375,\n -23.61432859499169\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558bd4bbe4b0b6d21dd65310","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cruz, Bruna B.","contributorId":97129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruz","given":"Bruna","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cetra, Mauricio","contributorId":143697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cetra","given":"Mauricio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048494,"text":"fs20133078 - 2013 - Borehole geophysical, fluid, and hydraulic properties within and near the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, 2010-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T13:26:29","indexId":"fs20133078","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-30T15:33:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3078","title":"Borehole geophysical, fluid, and hydraulic properties within and near the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, 2010-11","docAbstract":"The freshwater zone of the San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer is used by residents of San Antonio and numerous other rapidly growing communities in south-central Texas as their primary water supply source. This freshwater zone is bounded to the south and southeast by a saline-water zone with an intermediate zone transitioning from freshwater to saline water (transition zone). As demands on this water supply increase, there is concern that the transition zone could potentially move, resulting in more saline water in current freshwater supply wells. Since 1985, the U.S. Geological Survey, San Antonio Water System, and other Federal and State agencies have conducted studies to better understand the transition zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.V., and Stanton, G.P., 2013, Borehole geophysical, fluid, and hydraulic properties within and near the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, 2010-11: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3078, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133078.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133078.gif"},{"id":278228,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3078/"},{"id":278229,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3078/pdf/FS2013-3078.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.666667,28.5 ], [ -100.666667,29.6 ], [ -97.5,29.6 ], [ -97.5,28.5 ], [ -100.666667,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"524a8f67e4b017cb43afb101","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Jonathan V. 0000-0003-0903-9713 jvthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9713","contributorId":2194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048491,"text":"70048491 - 2013 - Effects of a chronic lower range of triclosan exposure to a stream mesocosm community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-18T10:20:13","indexId":"70048491","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-30T14:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of a chronic lower range of triclosan exposure to a stream mesocosm community","docAbstract":"Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is an antimicrobial found in consumer soaps and toothpaste. It is in treated wastewater effluents at low part per billion concentrations, representing a potentially chronic exposure condition for biota inhabiting receiving streams. A naturally colonized benthos was created using flow-through indoor mesocosms. Then the benthic communities were dosed to achieve different in-stream triclosan concentrations (Control, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10 µg/L) for 56 days. Water quality parameters and endpoints from bacteria to macroinvertebrates plus interacting abiotic components were measured. Effects of triclosan on specific microbial endpoints were observed at all doses, including an effect on litter decomposition dynamics at doses 1.0 µg/L and higher. Resistance of periphytic bacteria to triclosan significantly increased in doses 0.5 µg/L and above. By the end of dosing, the antimicrobial appeared to stimulate the stream periphyton at the three lowest doses while the two highest doses exhibited decreased stocks of periphyton, including significantly lower bacteria cell densities, and cyanobacteria abundance compared to the control. Beside an effect on benthic ostracods, the changes that occurred in the periphyton did not translate to significant change in the colonizing nematodes, the macroinvertebrate community as a whole, or other measurements of stream function. The results shed light on the role a low, chronic exposure to triclosan may play in effluent dominated streams.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.2385","usgsCitation":"Nietch, C., Quinlan, E., Lazorchak, J., Impellitteri, C., Raikow, D., and Walters, D., 2013, Effects of a chronic lower range of triclosan exposure to a stream mesocosm community: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 32, no. 12, p. 2874-2887, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2385.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2874","endPage":"2887","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051750","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278225,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2385"}],"volume":"32","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"524a8f69e4b017cb43afb10a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nietch, C.T.","contributorId":29592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nietch","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinlan, E.L.","contributorId":33211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinlan","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lazorchak, J.","contributorId":96993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazorchak","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Impellitteri, C.","contributorId":14723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Impellitteri","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Raikow, D.","contributorId":73911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raikow","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walters, David M. 0000-0002-4237-2158 waltersd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-2158","contributorId":4444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David M.","email":"waltersd@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70048481,"text":"70048481 - 2013 - A comparative assessment of tools for ecosystem services quantification and valuation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T11:07:29","indexId":"70048481","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-30T09:37:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1477,"text":"Ecosystem Services","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparative assessment of tools for ecosystem services quantification and valuation","docAbstract":"To enter widespread use, ecosystem service assessments need to be quantifiable, replicable, credible, flexible, and affordable. With recent growth in the field of ecosystem services, a variety of decision-support tools has emerged to support more systematic ecosystem services assessment. Despite the growing complexity of the tool landscape, thorough reviews of tools for identifying, assessing, modeling and in some cases monetarily valuing ecosystem services have generally been lacking. In this study, we describe 17 ecosystem services tools and rate their performance against eight evaluative criteria that gauge their readiness for widespread application in public- and private-sector decision making. We describe each of the tools′ intended uses, services modeled, analytical approaches, data requirements, and outputs, as well time requirements to run seven tools in a first comparative concurrent application of multiple tools to a common location – the San Pedro River watershed in southeast Arizona, USA, and northern Sonora, Mexico. Based on this work, we offer conclusions about these tools′ current ‘readiness’ for widespread application within both public- and private-sector decision making processes. Finally, we describe potential pathways forward to reduce the resource requirements for running ecosystem services models, which are essential to facilitate their more widespread use in environmental decision making.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystem Services","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.004","usgsCitation":"Bagstad, K.J., Semmens, D., Waage, S., and Winthrop, R., 2013, A comparative assessment of tools for ecosystem services quantification and valuation: Ecosystem Services, v. 5, p. 27-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.004.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-036066","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278216,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.004"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"524a8f52e4b017cb43afb0fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":64201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waage, Sissel","contributorId":81786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waage","given":"Sissel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winthrop, Robert","contributorId":76216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winthrop","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048466,"text":"sir20135164 - 2013 - Anatomical and genetic variation of western Oxyloma (Pulmonata: Succineidae) concerning the endangered Kanab ambersnail (Oxyloma haydeni kanabense) in Arizona and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-27T14:05:35","indexId":"sir20135164","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-27T13:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5164","title":"Anatomical and genetic variation of western Oxyloma (Pulmonata: Succineidae) concerning the endangered Kanab ambersnail (Oxyloma haydeni kanabense) in Arizona and Utah","docAbstract":"The land snail genus Oxyloma (Pulmonata: Succineidae) includes the Federally endangered Kanab ambersnail (Oxyloma haydeni kanabense Pilsbry), which is known at the time of this study from only two locations in the United States: Three Lakes, Utah, and Vaseys Paradise, Arizona, on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park. Since 1994, the Kanab ambersnail has received much attention because its presence at Vaseys Paradise has implications for the ecosystem-wide management of the Colorado River. This attention is primarily because an experimental high-flow release of water from Glen Canyon Dam in 1996 destroyed or degraded Kanab ambersnail habitat at Vaseys Paradise. This experimental high flow was designed to replicate natural flow regimes throughout the Grand Canyon river corridor. However, as a result of the habitat destruction at Vaseys Paradise, in 1996, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ruled that no further experimental high-discharge floods could be carried out until additional Kanab ambersnail populations were discovered or established. This mandate created a situation where the management of a single endangered species conflicted directly with the management of an entire ecosystem. Although since 1996, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has permitted the use of flows as high as stage heights equivalent to 44,000 cubic feet per second, higher flows were requested by various Grand Canyon stakeholders and scientists but were not possible owing to low storage of Lake Powell.\n\nAdding to the controversy about Oxyloma and the Kanab ambersnail were previous anatomical and genetic analyses of the genus, which showed that genetic characteristics of specimens did not correspond with their identifications based on traditional taxonomic criteria, raising questions about the validity of the taxonomy of Oxyloma and the protected status of Kanab ambersnails. Specifically, a previous study suggested that the endangered Kanab ambersnail population at Three Lakes was more closely related to other, non-endangered ambersnail populations across the Southwest. In contrast, the Kanab ambersnail population at Vaseys Paradise appeared to be genetically distinct from all other ambersnail populations studied.\n\nManagement options for the ambersnail population at Vaseys Paradise, at the time of this study, conflict with ecosystem-wide measures proposed to benefit other natural resources in the Grand Canyon. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will not revise the 1995 Kanab Ambersnail Recovery Plan until further genetic and anatomical analyses provide more fine-scale taxonomic resolution of the identity of Oxyloma populations on the Colorado Plateau and elsewhere in the American Southwest. Likewise, interagency cooperators cannot revise down-listing criteria for the Kanab ambersnail until substantial evidence is provided identifying distinct Oxyloma taxa or a larger group of conspecifics that reasonably could be managed as one species. Therefore, given the current controversy about the taxonomy of Oxyloma and the endangered Kanab ambersnail, new detailed analyses were completed of morphological and genetic variation from many Oxyloma specimens collected at 12 western North American locations. These new data have allowed us to evaluate many issues related to Kanab ambersnail taxonomy. Using this dataset, the study of shells and anatomy indicates that the holotype of Oxyloma haydeni kanabense plausibly can be regarded as a member of the same species as the populations of Oxyloma analyzed in this study. Additionally, the presence of gene flow among all populations is evidence that they are members of the same species. Almost all the observed genetic diversity can be accounted for by short-distance or long-distance dispersal events between populations in this study. Our major taxonomic conclusion is that all samples collected for this study were drawn from populations of the same species.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135164","usgsCitation":"Culver, M., Herrmann, H., Miller, M., Roth, B., and Sorenson, J., 2013, Anatomical and genetic variation of western Oxyloma (Pulmonata: Succineidae) concerning the endangered Kanab ambersnail (Oxyloma haydeni kanabense) in Arizona and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5164, Report: vii, 65 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135164.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 65 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"78","costCenters":[{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135164.jpg"},{"id":278197,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5164/pdf/sir2013-5164_appendixA.pdf"},{"id":278198,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5164/pdf/sir2013-5164_appendixB.pdf"},{"id":278199,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5164/pdf/sir2013-5164_appendixC.pdf"},{"id":278195,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5164/"},{"id":278196,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5164/pdf/sir2013-5164.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,34.0 ], [ -114.0,39.0 ], [ -117.0,39.0 ], [ -117.0,34.0 ], [ -114.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52469ad2e4b035b7f35add85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":4327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrmann, Hans-Werner","contributorId":40885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Hans-Werner","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Mark","contributorId":93457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roth, Barry","contributorId":63298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sorenson, Jeff","contributorId":54103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048462,"text":"sim3272 - 2013 - Bathymetry, morphology, and lakebed geologic characteristics of potential Kokanee salmon spawning habitat in Lake Pend Oreille, Bayview and Lakeview quadrangles, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-27T12:47:00","indexId":"sim3272","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-27T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3272","title":"Bathymetry, morphology, and lakebed geologic characteristics of potential Kokanee salmon spawning habitat in Lake Pend Oreille, Bayview and Lakeview quadrangles, Idaho","docAbstract":"Kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) are a keystone species in Lake Pend Oreille in northern Idaho, historically \nsupporting a high-yield recreational fishery and serving as the primary prey for the threatened native bull trout (Salvelinus \nconfluentus) and the Gerrard-strain rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). After 1965, the kokanee population rapidly declined \nand has remained at a low level of abundance. Lake Pend Oreille is one of the deepest lakes in the United States, the largest lake \nin Idaho, and home to the U.S. Navy Acoustic Research Detachment Base. The U.S. Geological Survey and Idaho Department \nof Fish and Game are mapping the bathymetry, morphology, and the lakebed geologic units and embeddedness of potential \nkokanee salmon spawning habitat in Lake Pend Oreille. Relations between lake morphology, lakebed geologic units, and substrate \nembeddedness are characterized for the shore zone, rise zone, and open water in bays and the main stem of the lake. This detailed \nknowledge of physical habitat along the shoreline of Lake Pend Oreille is necessary to better evaluate and develop kokanee \nrecovery actions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3272","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game","usgsCitation":"Barton, G., and Dux, A., 2013, Bathymetry, morphology, and lakebed geologic characteristics of potential Kokanee salmon spawning habitat in Lake Pend Oreille, Bayview and Lakeview quadrangles, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3272, 48 inches x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3272.","productDescription":"48 inches x 36 inches","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3272.jpg"},{"id":278190,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3272/pdf/sim3272.pdf"},{"id":278191,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3272/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Bayview;Lake Pend Oreille","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.654823,47.908038 ], [ -116.654823,48.052408 ], [ -116.387901,48.052408 ], [ -116.387901,47.908038 ], [ -116.654823,47.908038 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52469aeee4b035b7f35add88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dux, Andrew M.","contributorId":73491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dux","given":"Andrew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048440,"text":"ofr20131222 - 2013 - Design tradeoffs for trend assessment in aquatic biological monitoring programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-26T12:57:25","indexId":"ofr20131222","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-26T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1222","title":"Design tradeoffs for trend assessment in aquatic biological monitoring programs","docAbstract":"Assessments of long-term (multiyear) temporal trends in biological monitoring programs are generally undertaken without an adequate understanding of the temporal variability of biological communities. When the sources and levels of variability are unknown, managers cannot make informed choices in sampling design to achieve monitoring goals in a cost-effective manner. We evaluated different trend sampling designs by estimating components of both short- and long-term variability in biological indicators of water quality in streams. Invertebrate samples were collected from 32 sites—9 urban, 6 agricultural, and 17 relatively undisturbed (reference) streams—distributed throughout the United States. Between 5 and 12 yearly samples were collected at each site during the period 1993–2008, plus 2 samples within a 10-week index period during either 2007 or 2008. These data allowed calculation of four sources of variance for invertebrate indicators: among sites, among years within sites, interaction among sites and years (site-specific annual variation), and among samples collected within an index period at a site (residual). When estimates of these variance components are known, changes to sampling design can be made to improve trend detection. Design modifications that result in the ability to detect the smallest trend with the fewest samples are, from most to least effective: (1) increasing the number of years in the sampling period (duration of the monitoring program), (2) decreasing the interval between samples, and (3) increasing the number of repeat-visit samples per year (within an index period). This order of improvement in trend detection, which achieves the greatest gain for the fewest samples, is the same whether trends are assessed at an individual site or an average trend of multiple sites. In multiple-site surveys, increasing the number of sites has an effect similar to that of decreasing the sampling interval; the benefit of adding sites is greater when a new set of different sites is selected for each sampling effort than when the same sites are sampled each time. Understanding variance components of the ecological attributes of interest can lead to more cost-effective monitoring designs to detect trends.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131222","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Gurtz, M.E., Van Sickle, J., Carlisle, D.M., and Paulsen, S., 2013, Design tradeoffs for trend assessment in aquatic biological monitoring programs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1222, v, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131222.","productDescription":"v, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131222.gif"},{"id":278140,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1222/"},{"id":278141,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1222/pdf/ofr2013-1222.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Arizona;Arkansas;California;Colorado;Georgia;Idaho;Indiana;Massachusetts;Michigan;New Jersey;North Carolina;Pennsylvania;Ohio;Oregon;Texas;Utah;Virginia;Washington;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52454a24e4b0b3d37307e14d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gurtz, Martin E. megurtz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurtz","given":"Martin","email":"megurtz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Sickle, John","contributorId":72698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Sickle","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paulsen, Steven G.","contributorId":23837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"Steven G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048439,"text":"sir20135053 - 2013 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T11:15:23","indexId":"sir20135053","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-26T11:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5053","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the South Coast Range–Coastal (SCRC) study unit was investigated from May through November 2008 as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The study unit is located in the Southern Coast Range hydrologic province and includes parts of Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo Counties. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with the California State Water Resources Control Board and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
\nThe GAMA Priority Basin Project was designed to provide a statistically unbiased, spatially distributed assessment of untreated groundwater quality within the primary aquifer system. The primary aquifer system is defined as that part of the aquifer corresponding to the perforation interval of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database for the SCRC study unit.
\nThe assessments for the SCRC study unit were based on water-quality and ancillary data collected in 2008 by the USGS from 55 wells on a spatially distributed grid, and water-quality data from the CDPH database. Two types of assessments were made: (1) status, assessment of the current quality of the groundwater resource, and (2) understanding, identification of the natural and human factors affecting groundwater quality. Water-quality and ancillary data were collected from an additional 15 wells for the understanding assessment. The assessments characterize untreated groundwater quality, not the quality of treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors.
\nThe first component of this study, the status assessment of groundwater quality, used data from samples analyzed for anthropogenic constituents such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and pesticides, as well as naturally occurring inorganic constituents such as major ions and trace elements. Although the status assessment applies to untreated groundwater, Federal and California regulatory and non-regulatory water-quality benchmarks that apply to drinking water are used to provide context for the results. Relative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by benchmark concentration) were used for evaluating groundwater. A relative-concentration greater than (>) 1.0 indicates a concentration greater than the benchmark and is classified as high. Inorganic constituents are classified as moderate if relative-concentrations are >0.5 and less than or equal to (≤) 1.0, or low if relative-concentrations are ≤0.5. For organic constituents, the boundary between moderate and low relative-concentrations was set at 0.1.
\nAquifer-scale proportion was used in the status assessment as the primary metric for evaluating regional-scale groundwater quality. High aquifer-scale proportion is defined as the areal percentage of the primary aquifer system with a high relative-concentration for a particular constituent or class of constituents. Moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions were defined as the areal percentage of the primary aquifer system with moderate and low relative-concentrations, respectively. Two statistical approaches—grid-based and spatially weighted—were used to evaluate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents. Grid-based and spatially weighted estimates were comparable for the study (within 90 percent confidence intervals).
\nFor inorganic constituents with human-health benchmarks, relative-concentrations were high for at least one constituent for 33 percent of the primary aquifer system in the SCRC study unit. Arsenic, molybdenum, and nitrate were the primary inorganic constituents with human-health benchmarks that were detected at high relative-concentrations. Inorganic constituents with aesthetic benchmarks, referred to as secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs), had high relative-concentrations for 35 percent of the primary aquifer system. Iron, manganese, total dissolved solids (TDS), and sulfate were the inorganic constituents with SMCLs detected at high relative-concentrations.
\nIn contrast to inorganic constituents, organic constituents with human-health benchmarks were not detected at high relative-concentrations in the primary aquifer system in the SCRC study unit. Of the 205 organic constituents analyzed, 21 were detected—13 with human-health benchmarks. Perchloroethene (PCE) was the only VOC detected at moderate relative-concentrations. PCE, dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), and chloroform were detected in more than 10 percent of the primary aquifer system. Of the two special-interest constituents, one was detected; perchlorate, which has a human-health benchmark, was detected at moderate relative-concentrations in 29 percent of the primary aquifer system and had a detection frequency of 60 percent in the SCRC study unit.
\nThe second component of this study, the understanding assessment, identified the natural and human factors that may have affected groundwater quality in the SCRC study unit by evaluating statistical correlations between water-quality constituents and potential explanatory factors. The potential explanatory factors evaluated were land use, septic tank density, well depth and depth to top-of-perforations, groundwater age, density and distance to the nearest formerly leaking underground fuel tank (LUFT), pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Results of the statistical evaluations were used to explain the occurrence and distribution of constituents in the study unit.
\nDO was the primary explanatory factor influencing the concentrations of many inorganic constituents. Arsenic, iron, and manganese concentrations increased as DO concentrations decreased, consistent with patterns expected as a result of reductive dissolution of iron and (or) manganese oxides in aquifer sediments. Molybdenum concentrations increased in anoxic conditions and in oxic conditions with high pH, reflecting two mechanisms for the mobilization of molybdenum—reductive dissolution and pH-dependent desorption under oxic conditions from aquifer sediments. Nitrate concentrations decreased as DO concentrations decreased which would be consistent with degradation of nitrate under anoxic conditions (denitrification). It also is possible that nitrate concentrations decreased in relation to increasing depth and groundwater age and not as a result of denitrification.
\nGroundwater age was another explanatory factor frequently correlated to several inorganic constituents. Iron and manganese concentrations were higher in pre-modern (water recharged before 1952) or mixed-age groundwater. This correlation is one indication that iron and manganese are from natural sources. Nitrate, TDS, and sulfate concentrations were higher in modern groundwater (water recharged since 1952) and may indicate that human activities increase concentrations of nitrate, TDS, and sulfate.
\nLand use was a third explanatory factor frequently correlated with inorganic constituents. Nitrate, TDS, and sulfate concentrations were higher in agricultural land-use areas than in natural land-use areas, indicating that increased concentrations may be a result of agricultural practices.
\nOrganic constituents usually were detected at low relative-concentrations; therefore, statistical analyses of relations to explanatory factors usually were done for classes of constituents (for example, pesticides or solvents) as well as for selected constituents. The number of VOCs detected in a well was not correlated to any of the explanatory factors evaluated. The number of pesticide and solvent detections and PCE and CFC-12 concentrations were higher in modern groundwater than in pre-modern groundwater. PCE and CFC-12 also were positively correlated to the density of LUFTs. PCE was negatively correlated to natural land use. Chloroform concentrations were positively correlated to the density of septic systems.
\nPerchlorate concentrations were greater in agricultural areas than in urban or natural areas. Correlation of perchlorate with DO may indicate that perchlorate biodegradation under anoxic conditions may occur. Anthropogenic sources have contributed perchlorate to groundwater in the SCRC study unit, although low levels of perchlorate may occur naturally.
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The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for management of this vital resource. Information on the availability, past and current use, use trends, and water quality from groundwater and surface-water sources in the parish is presented. Previously published reports and data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) are the primary sources of the information presented here. In 2010, about 21.4 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water were withdrawn in Assumption Parish, including about 12.4 Mgal/d from surface-water sources and 9.03 Mgal/d from groundwater sources. Withdrawals for industrial use accounted for about 16.4 Mgal/d or 76 percent of the total water withdrawn. Other categories of use included public supply, rural domestic, livestock, general irrigation, and aquaculture.Water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2010 indicated that water withdrawals peaked in 2000 at about 29.7 Mgal/d.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., and Lovelace, J.K., 2013, Water resources of Assumption Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3061, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133061.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133061.gif"},{"id":278132,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3061/"},{"id":278133,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3061/pdf/FS13-3061.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Assumption Parish","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.260338,29.626211 ], [ -91.260338,30.081902 ], [ -90.885307,30.081902 ], [ -90.885307,29.626211 ], [ -91.260338,29.626211 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52454a27e4b0b3d37307e165","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B.","contributorId":73978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovelace, John K. 0000-0002-8532-2599 jlovelac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-2599","contributorId":999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovelace","given":"John","email":"jlovelac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}