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,{"id":2412,"text":"wsp1757C - 1964 - Ground water in the Sirte area, Tripolitania, United Kingdom of Libya","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"wsp1757C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1757","chapter":"C","title":"Ground water in the Sirte area, Tripolitania, United Kingdom of Libya","docAbstract":"The present study of the ground-water conditions in the Sirte area was made during December 1961 and March-April 1962 at the request of officials of the Government of Libya. Particular attention was given to the potential of the fresh-water aquifer near Qasr Bu Itadi as a source of water for Sirte. \r\n\r\nThe Sirte area lies on the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea about 450 kilometers east-southeast of Tripoli, cocapital of Libya. Although the area receives some winter precipitation, the climate is arid. The surface rocks of the area are chiefly Miocene limestone containing marl, clay, and some sandstone, though Quaternary deposits occur along the wadis and mantle the Miocene rocks in the coastal plain. \r\n\r\nFresh ground water occurs locally in Recent sand dunes near Zaafran and in Miocene limestone near Qasr Bu Hadi, south of a probable fault. Elsewhere in the Sirte area, ground water occurs generally in Tertiary rocks but contains 3,000 or more parts per million of dissolved solids. \r\n\r\nTo establish the hydraulic characteristics of the fresh-water aquifer in the Qasr Bu Itadi area, two test wells were drilled and a controlled pumping test was made. The coefficient of transmissibility was found to be about 25,000 gallons per day per foot (13.68 cubic meters per hour per meter), and the coefficient of storage, about 0.00055. The pumping test also established the presence of two barrier-type hydraulic boundaries for the aquifer, one about 250 meters westward and another about 535 meters northward from well 9a. The first boundary is probably the small anticline on which stands the fort of Qasr Bu Itadi; the second boundary is probably a northwest trending fault. Using the transmissibility and storage coefficients derived from the pumping test, the writer concludes that (1) the total draft from the fresh-water aquifer should not exceed 13.5 cubic meters per hour and (2) production wells should be at least 3 kilometers south of well 9a.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1757C","usgsCitation":"Ogilbee, W., 1964, Ground water in the Sirte area, Tripolitania, United Kingdom of Libya: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1757, iii, 14 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1757C.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28414,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d914","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ogilbee, William","contributorId":106093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogilbee","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2421,"text":"wsp1499F - 1964 - Water resources of the Baltimore area, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"wsp1499F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1499","chapter":"F","title":"Water resources of the Baltimore area, Maryland","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1499F","usgsCitation":"Otton, E., Martin, R., and Durum, W.H., 1964, Water resources of the Baltimore area, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1499, vi, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1499F.","productDescription":"vi, 105 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28430,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28431,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499f/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28432,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499f/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28433,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f064f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, E. G.","contributorId":22311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, R.O.R.","contributorId":40193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.O.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durum, W. H.","contributorId":78311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durum","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2422,"text":"wsp1330G - 1964 - Water requirements of the petroleum refining industry","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2422,"text":"wsp1330G - 1964 - Water requirements of the petroleum refining industry","indexId":"wsp1330G","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Water requirements of the petroleum refining industry"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T14:30:51","indexId":"wsp1330G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1330","chapter":"G","title":"Water requirements of the petroleum refining industry","docAbstract":"<p>About 3,500 million gallons of water was withdrawn daily in 1955 for use by petroleum refineries in the United States. This was about 3 percent of the estimated daily withdrawal of industrial water in the United States in 1955. An average of 468 gallons of water was required to refine a barrel of crude oil, and the median was 95 gallons of water per barrel of crude charge; withdrawals ranged from 6.5 to 3,240 gallons per barrel. </p><p>Ninety-one percent of the water requirements of the petroleum refineries surveyed was for cooling. One-third of the refineries reused their cooling water from 10 to more than 50 times. Only 17 refineries used once-through cooling systems. Refineries with recirculating cooling systems circulated about twice as much cooling water but needed about 25 times less makeup; however, they consumed about 24 times more water per barrel of charge than refineries using once-through cooling systems. </p><p>The average noncracking refinery used about 375 gallons of water per barrel of crude, which is less than the 471-gallon average of refineries with cracking facilities. Refineries are composed of various processing units, and the water requirements of such units varied ; median makeup needs ranged from about 125 gallons per barrel for polymerization and alkylation units to 15.5 gallons per barrel for distillation units. </p><p>Refinery-owned sources of water supplied 95 percent of the makeup-water requirements. Surface-water sources provided 86 percent of the makeup-water demand. Less than 1 percent of the makeup water was obtained from reprocessed municipal sewage.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Water requirements of selected industries","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1330G","usgsCitation":"Otts, L.E., 1964, Water requirements of the petroleum refining industry: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1330, Report: v, 54 p.; Plate: 19.50 x 11.91 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1330G.","productDescription":"Report: v, 54 p.; Plate: 19.50 x 11.91 inches","startPage":"287","endPage":"340","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":28435,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330g/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":138942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28434,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330g/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"897.87 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otts, Louis Ethelbert Jr.","contributorId":75904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otts","given":"Louis","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ethelbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2424,"text":"wsp1666 - 1964 - Geology and ground-water resources of Lee and Sumter Counties, southwest Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T09:14:48","indexId":"wsp1666","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1666","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Lee and Sumter Counties, southwest Georgia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1666","usgsCitation":"Owen, V., 1964, Geology and ground-water resources of Lee and Sumter Counties, southwest Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1666, iv, 70 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1666.","productDescription":"iv, 70 p. :ill., maps ;24 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,{"id":2427,"text":"wsp1774 - 1964 - Water resources of De Soto Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-07T20:22:54.764822","indexId":"wsp1774","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1774","title":"Water resources of De Soto Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1774","usgsCitation":"Page, L.V., and Pree, H.L., 1964, Water resources of De Soto Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1774, Report: vi, 152 p.; 13 Plates: 24.00 x 31.65 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1774.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 152 p.; 13 Plates: 24.00 x 31.65 inches or 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,{"id":2445,"text":"wsp1681 - 1964 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States, part 7. Lower Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T20:01:20.344547","indexId":"wsp1681","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1681","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States, part 7. Lower Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1681","usgsCitation":"Patterson, J.L., 1964, Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States, part 7. Lower Mississippi River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1681, Report: xx, 636 p.; 1 Plate: 39.00 × 30.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1681.","productDescription":"Report: xx, 636 p.; 1 Plate: 39.00 × 30.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395476,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24890.htm"},{"id":28517,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1681/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28516,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1681/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1681/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"lower Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.4170,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.5,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.5,\n              39.333\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4170,\n              39.333\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4170,\n              29\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6495dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patterson, James L.","contributorId":17593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2489,"text":"wsp1499I - 1964 - Water resources of the Wichita area, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"wsp1499I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1499","chapter":"I","title":"Water resources of the Wichita area, Kansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1499I","usgsCitation":"Petri, L.R., Lane, C., and Furness, L.W., 1964, Water resources of the Wichita area, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1499, v, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1499I.","productDescription":"v, 69 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109951,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24445.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24445"},{"id":138738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499i/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28608,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499i/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28609,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f02ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petri, Lester Reinhold","contributorId":57053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petri","given":"Lester","email":"","middleInitial":"Reinhold","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, C.W.","contributorId":102863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furness, Lawton Williams","contributorId":85150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furness","given":"Lawton","email":"","middleInitial":"Williams","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1211,"text":"wsp1779O - 1964 - Hydrology of aquifer systems in the Memphis area, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp1779O","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"O","title":"Hydrology of aquifer systems in the Memphis area, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The Memphis area as described in .this report comprises about 1,300 square miles of the Mississippi embayment part of the Gulf Coastal Plain. The area is underlain by as much as 3,000 feet of sediments ranging in age from Cretaceous through Quaternary. \r\n\r\nIn 1960, 150 mgd (million gallons per day) of water was pumped from the principal aquifers. Municipal pumpage accounted for almost half of this amount, and industrial pumpage a little more than half. About 90 percent of the water used in the area is derived from the '500-foot' sand, and most of the remainder is from the ?400-foot' sand; both sands are of Eocene age. A small amount of water for domestic use is pumped from the terrace deposits of Pliocene and Pleistocene age. \r\n\r\nBoth the '500-foot' and the '1,400-foot' sands are artesian aquifers except in the southeastern part of the area; there the water level in wells in the '500-foot' sand is now below the overlying confining clay. Water levels in both aquifers have declined almost continuously since pumping began, but the rate of decline has increased rapidly since 1940. Water-level decline in the '1,400-foot' sand has been less pronounced since 1956. \r\n\r\nThe cones of depression in both aquifers have expanded and deepened as a result of the annual increases in pumping, and an increase in hydraulic gradients has induced a greater flow of water into the area. Approximately 135 mgd entered the Memphis area through the '500-foot' sand aquifer in 1960, and, of this amount, 60 mgd originated as inflow from the east and about 75 mgd was derived from leakage from the terrace deposits, from the north, south, and west and from other sources. Of the water entering the '1,400-foot' sand, about 5 mgd was inflow from the east, and about half that amount was from each of the north, south, and west directions. The average rate of movement of water outside the area of heavy withdrawals is about 70 feet per year in the '500-foot' sand and about 40 feet per year in the '1,400-foot' sand. The average rate of depletion of storage in each aquifer since pumping began is about 1 mgd. Most of the recharge to the '500-foot' and '1,400-foot' sands occurs in outcrop areas about 30-80 miles east of Memphis. Also, water leaks from the terrace deposits to the '500-foot' sand in some places, and there may be some leakage from streams where the confining clay is thin or is breached by faults or streams.\r\n\r\nThe quality of water from both the principal aquifers is very good. Iron, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide are the only constituents found in undesirable quantities. Water from the terrace deposits is hard but generally contains less iron and carbon dioxide than water from either of the principal aquifers. \r\n\r\nThe hydraulic characteristics of both aquifers were determined by pumping tests and by applying the knowledge of the geology o# the area; these characteristics indicate that the aquifers are capable of producing more water than is currently being pumped from them. The '500-foot' sand will produce more water per unit decline of water level than will the '1,400-foot' sand. There appears to be no reason why the development of water supplies from both aquifers should not continue, but well spacing will remain a factor which could affect future development. Greater well spacing will tend to prolong the useful life of a well and the aquifers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Gov't. Print. 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1 Plate: 24.00 x 24.73 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779Y.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 35 p.; 1 Plate: 24.00 x 24.73 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411377,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24971.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28660,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779y/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28659,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779y/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779y/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley National Monument, Furnace Creek Wash area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.90103306234425,\n              36.52417528804904\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.90103306234425,\n              36.4259295289059\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.78424464238198,\n              36.4259295289059\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.78424464238198,\n              36.52417528804904\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.90103306234425,\n              36.52417528804904\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4979e4b0b290850ef367","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pistrang, Marvin Arthur","contributorId":14803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pistrang","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kunkel, Fred","contributorId":47766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2520,"text":"wsp1619EE - 1964 - Sedimentation of Lake Pillsbury, Lake County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:27","indexId":"wsp1619EE","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1619","chapter":"EE","title":"Sedimentation of Lake Pillsbury, Lake County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;","doi":"10.3133/wsp1619EE","usgsCitation":"Porterfield, G., and Dunnam, C., 1964, Sedimentation of Lake Pillsbury, Lake County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1619, iv, 46 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1619EE.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619ee/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28720,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619ee/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28721,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619ee/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28722,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1619ee/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porterfield, G.","contributorId":18346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porterfield","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunnam, C.A.","contributorId":56200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunnam","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1219,"text":"wsp1693 - 1964 - A summary of the occurrence and development of ground water in the southern High Plains of Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-30T22:35:11.105123","indexId":"wsp1693","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1693","title":"A summary of the occurrence and development of ground water in the southern High Plains of Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Southern High Plains of Texas occupies an area of about 22,000 square miles in northwest Texas, extending from the Canadian River southward. about 250 miles and from the New Mexico line eastward an average distance of about 120 miles. </p><p>The economy of the area is dependent largely upon irrigated agriculture, and in 1958 about 44,000 irrigation wells were in operation. The economy of the area is also dependent upon the oil industry either in the form of oil and gas production or in the form of industries based on the production of petroleum. </p><p>The Southern High Plains of Texas is characterized by a nearly flat land surface sloping gently toward the southeast at an average of 8 to 10 feet per mile. Shallow undrained depressions or playas are characteristic of the plains surface, and during periods of heavy rainfall, runoff collects in the depressions to form temporary ponds or lakes. Stream drainage on the plains surface is poorly developed; water discharges over the eastern escarpment off the plains only during periods of excessive rainfall.</p><p> The climate of the area is semiarid; the average annual precipitation is about 20 inches. About 70 percent of the precipitation falls during the growing season from April to September. </p><p>Rocks of Permian age underlie the entire area and consist chiefly of red sandstone and shale containing numerous beds of gypsum and dolomite. The Permian rocks are not a source of water in the Southern High Plains, and any water in these rocks would probably be saline. </p><p>The Triassic rocks underlying the Southern High Plains consist of three formations of the Dockum group: the Tecovas formation, the Santa Rosa sandstone. and the Chinle formation equivalent. The Tecovas and Chinle formation equivalent both consist chiefly of shale and sandy shale; however, the Santa Rosa sandstone consists mainly of medium to coarse conglomeratic sandstone containing some shale. The formations of the Dockum group are capable of yielding small to moderate quantities of water in many parts of the Southern High Plains; however, in practically all places the water is rather saline and probably unsuitable for most uses. </p><p>The Cretaceous formations in the Southern High Plains consist of several formations of the Trinity, Fredericksburg, and Washita groups. The rocks underlie a large part of the southern part of the Southern High Plains; they consist of sandstone, shale, and limestone, the sandstone and limestone being the principal water-bearing units. In a few places where the Cretaceous rocks appear to be in hydraulic connection with the overlying Ogallala formation, moderate quantities of water are obtained, particularly from the limestones. Locally the Cretaceous rocks may be important aquifers where other water is not available, but they generally do not constitute a large source of water for irrigation or municipal use. </p><p>The Ogallala formation of Pliocene age is the principal aquifer in the Southern High Plains of Texas; it supplies practically all the water used for all purposes. The formation is continuous throughout most of the Texas part of the Southern High Plains and extends into New Mexico. The .formation consists chiefly of sediments deposited by streams that had their headwaters in the mountainous regions to the west and northwest. The Ogallala formation rests unconformably upon an erosional surface of the underlying Triassic and Cretaceous rocks. The Ogallala consists of beds and lenses of clay, silt, sand, and gravel; caliche occurs as a secondary deposit ,in many places in the formation. In general the Ogallala is thicker in the northern part of the area; the thickness ranges from 400 to 500 feet in central Parmer, west-central Castro, and southwestern Floyd Counties to a knife edge where the formation wedges out against outcrops of the older rocks.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1693","usgsCitation":"Cronin, J., and Myers, B.N., 1964, A summary of the occurrence and development of ground water in the southern High Plains of Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1693, Report: v, 88 p.; 7 Plates: 13.00 x 23.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1693.","productDescription":"Report: v, 88 p.; 7 Plates: 13.00 x 23.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":26128,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26130,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26129,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26131,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":411263,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24899.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26127,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26132,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137997,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26126,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26125,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1693/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.9,\n              36.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.481,\n              36.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.481,\n              31.61\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.9,\n              31.61\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.9,\n              36.85\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5f28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, J.G.","contributorId":47769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, B. N.","contributorId":67490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2544,"text":"wsp1586F - 1964 - On determining pollutant distribution in tidal estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"wsp1586F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1586","chapter":"F","title":"On determining pollutant distribution in tidal estuaries","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Printing Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1586F","usgsCitation":"Pyatt, E., 1964, On determining pollutant distribution in tidal estuaries: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1586, iv, 56 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1586F.","productDescription":"iv, 56 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1586f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28787,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1586f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28788,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1586f/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28789,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1586f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691be1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyatt, E.E.","contributorId":31740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyatt","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2551,"text":"wsp1661 - 1964 - Geology and ground water in the Farmington-Granby area, Connecticut","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52206,"text":"ofr61122 - 1961 - Ground-water basic data, Farmington-Granby area, Connecticut","indexId":"ofr61122","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water basic data, Farmington-Granby area, Connecticut"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2551,"text":"wsp1661 - 1964 - Geology and ground water in the Farmington-Granby area, Connecticut","indexId":"wsp1661","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground water in the Farmington-Granby area, Connecticut"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-08T21:40:49.02986","indexId":"wsp1661","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1661","title":"Geology and ground water in the Farmington-Granby area, Connecticut","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1661","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., 1964, Geology and ground water in the Farmington-Granby area, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1661, Report: vi, 129 p.; 3 Plates: 28.00 x 56.25 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1661.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 129 p.; 3 Plates: 28.00 x 56.25 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413888,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24852.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28797,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1661/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28799,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1661/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28798,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1661/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28796,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1661/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138144,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1661/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Farmington-Granby area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.833,\n              41.683\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.833,\n              42.037\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.75,\n              42.037\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.75,\n              41.683\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.833,\n              41.683\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db68603e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, Allan D. arandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Allan","email":"arandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2558,"text":"wsp1779R - 1964 - Snowmelt hydrology of a Sierra Nevada stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp1779R","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"R","title":"Snowmelt hydrology of a Sierra Nevada stream","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779R","usgsCitation":"Rantz, S., 1964, Snowmelt hydrology of a Sierra Nevada stream: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, iv, 36 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779R.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779r/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28810,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779r/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5ede2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rantz, S. E.","contributorId":34106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rantz","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2559,"text":"wsp1779AA - 1964 - Stream hydrology related to the optimum discharge for King Salmon spawning in the northern California coast ranges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp1779AA","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"AA","title":"Stream hydrology related to the optimum discharge for King Salmon spawning in the northern California coast ranges","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Government Printing Office,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779AA","usgsCitation":"Rantz, S., 1964, Stream hydrology related to the optimum discharge for King Salmon spawning in the northern California coast ranges: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, 16 leaves (AA1-AA16) :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779AA.","productDescription":"16 leaves (AA1-AA16) :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779aa/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28811,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779aa/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5194","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rantz, S. E.","contributorId":34106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rantz","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1228,"text":"wsp1498F - 1964 - A study of fluvial characteristics and hydraulic variables middle Rio Grande, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp1498F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1498","chapter":"F","title":"A study of fluvial characteristics and hydraulic variables middle Rio Grande, New Mexico","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in flow in alluvial channels","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1498F","usgsCitation":"Culbertson, J.K., and Dawdy, D., 1964, A study of fluvial characteristics and hydraulic variables middle Rio Grande, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1498, vi, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1498F.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1498f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26146,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1498f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a61d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culbertson, James K.","contributorId":31371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawdy, D.R.","contributorId":99956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawdy","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2561,"text":"wsp1758 - 1964 - Surface-water hydrology of coastal basins of northern California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51863,"text":"ofr55143 - 1955 - Surface-water hydrology of coastal basins in northern California","indexId":"ofr55143","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Surface-water hydrology of coastal basins in northern California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2561,"text":"wsp1758 - 1964 - Surface-water hydrology of coastal basins of northern California","indexId":"wsp1758","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Surface-water hydrology of coastal basins of northern California"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":56088,"text":"ofr5793 - 1957 - Surface-water hydrology of small basins in California between Russian and Eel Rivers","indexId":"ofr5793","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Surface-water hydrology of small basins in California between Russian and Eel Rivers"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2561,"text":"wsp1758 - 1964 - Surface-water hydrology of coastal basins of northern California","indexId":"wsp1758","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Surface-water hydrology of coastal basins of northern California"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp1758","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1758","title":"Surface-water hydrology of coastal basins of northern California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1758","usgsCitation":"Rantz, S., 1964, Surface-water hydrology of coastal basins of northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1758, v, 77 p. :illus., maps, diagrs., tables ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1758.","productDescription":"v, 77 p. :illus., maps, diagrs., tables ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110012,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24932.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24932"},{"id":138657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1758/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28814,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1758/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28815,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1758/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28816,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1758/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28817,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1758/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28818,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1758/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28819,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1758/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28820,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1758/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rantz, S. E.","contributorId":34106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rantz","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2595,"text":"wsp1756 - 1964 - Ground-water resources of southern New Castle County, Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp1756","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1756","title":"Ground-water resources of southern New Castle County, Delaware","docAbstract":"Southern New Castle County has a land area of 190 square miles in northcentral Delaware. It is predominantly a rural area with a population of about 9,500 people who are engaged chiefly in agriculture. By and large, the residents are dependent upon ground water as a source of potable water. This investigation was made to provide knowledge of the availability and quality of .the ground-water supply to aid future development. \r\n\r\nThe climate, surface features, and geology of the area are favorable for the occurrence of ground water. Temperatures are generally mild and precipitation is normally abundant and fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. The topography of the area is relatively fiat and, hence, the streams have low gradients. The surface is underlain to a considerable depth by highly permeable unconsolidated sediments that range in age from Early Cretaceous to Recent. Nearly all the subsurface stratigraphic units yield some water to wells, but only four parts or combinations of these units are sufficiently permeable, to yield large supplies. These are, from oldest to youngest, the nonmarine Cretaceous sediments and the Magothy Formation, the Monmouth Group, the Rancocas Formation, and .the surficial terrace and valley-fill deposits. In the northern part of the area the nonmarine Cretaceous sediments and the Magothy Formation can be reached economically by wells. Yields in excess of 300 gpm (gallons per minute) have been obtained from wells screened in this aquifer, but the maximum productivity of the aquifer has not been .tested. The Monmouth Group is used as a source of water in the central part of the area, where some wells yield as much as 125 gpm. The Rancocas Formation is the principal aquifer in the southern part of the area. Yields of 200-400 gpm can be expected from this aquifer, owing to its uniformly coarse texture, particularly in the upper part of the formation. The terrace deposits compose the shallow watertable aquifer throughout the area. In places the water-table aquifer is connected hydraulically to each of .the other three aquifers. The yields of wells tapping this aquifer are generally small, because the saturated thickness of the aquifer is small. The aquifer does provide a convenient and economical source of water for domestic supplies, .and the quality o# the available water supply is generally satisfactory for most purposes. \r\n\r\nThe use of water in the area was estimated to be about 1.77 million gallons per day in 1959. Rural uses amounted to about 75 percent of the total, and municipal and industrial uses accounted for .the remainder. Water for irrigation of crops constituted about half of the water pumped for rural use. The total use of ground water in the area is a mere fraction of the supply available. Each of the four major aquifers is capable of vastly increased production. Future development, however, will be .limited by the changes in the quality of the water resulting from the future pumping regime-and the expanded pattern of development. Salt-water encroachment will become a problem in the eastern part of the area if steps are not taken to avoid it.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1756","usgsCitation":"Rima, D.R., Coskery, O.J., and Anderson, P., 1964, Ground-water resources of southern New Castle County, Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1756, v, 54 p. :maps, diagrs., tables. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1756.","productDescription":"v, 54 p. :maps, diagrs., tables. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1756/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28873,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1756/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28874,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1756/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28875,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1756/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d4f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rima, Donald Robert","contributorId":99535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rima","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coskery, O. J.","contributorId":8440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coskery","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, P.W.","contributorId":48539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1232,"text":"wsp1752 - 1964 - Ground-water resources of north-central Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp1752","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1752","title":"Ground-water resources of north-central Connecticut","docAbstract":"The term 'north-central Connecticut' in this report refers to an area of about 640 square miles within the central lowland of the Connecticut River basin north of Middletown. The area is mostly a broad valley floor underlain by unconsolidated deposits of Pleistocene and Recent age which mantle an erosional surface formed on consolidated rocks of pre-Triassic and Triassic age. The mean annual precipitation at Hartford, near the center of the area, is 42.83 inches and is uniformly distributed throughout the year. The average annual streamflow from the area is about 22 inches or about half the precipitation. The consolidated water-bearing formations are crystalline rocks of pre-Triassic age and sedimentary and igneous rocks of the Newark group of Triassic age. \r\n\r\nThe crystalline rocks include the Middletown gneiss, the Maromas granite gneiss, the Glastonbury granite-gneiss of Rice and Gregory (1906), and the Bolton schist which form the basement complex and the Eastern Upland of north-central Connecticut. Enough water for domestic, stock, and small commercial use generally can be obtained from the crystalline rocks. Recoverable ground water occurs in the interconnected joints and fracture zones and is yielded in amounts ranging from 29 to 35 gpm (gallons per minute) to wells ranging in depth from 29 to 550 feet. \r\n\r\nThe sedimentary rocks of Triassic age underlie all the Connecticut River Lowland and are predominantly arkosic sandstone and shale. Water supplies sufficient for domestic, stock, and small commercial use can be obtained from shallow wells penetrating these rocks, and larger supplies sufficient for industries and smaller municipalities can probably be obtained from deeper wells. \r\n\r\nReported yields range from ? to 578 gpm; the larger yields are generally obtained from wells between 300 and 600 feet in depth. Yields are larger where the overlying material is sand and gravel or where the rocks are well fractured. The igneous rocks of Triassic age are basalt and have water-bearing characteristics similar to the crystalline rocks. \r\n\r\nThe unconsolidated deposits comprise ground-moraine and drumlin deposits, ice-contact deposits, outwash-plain and valley-train deposits, and glaciolacustrine and associated delta deposits of Pleistocene age, as well as dune deposits, good-plain deposits, and swamp deposits of Recent age. Ground-moraine deposits occur throughout the area but yield only small quantities of water. \r\n\r\nThe ice-contact deposits consisting mostly of sand and gravel form kames, kame terraces, and crevasse fillings and are the surface deposits in three extensive areas along the eastern margin of the Connecticut River Lowland. The deposits in most places are saturated and, where they consist of well-sorted material, are highly permeable, yielding as much as 750 gpm to properly constructed wells. \r\n\r\nOutwash-plain and valley-train deposits and bodies of undifferentiated outwash underlie the surface in the eastern and southern parts of the area. These deposits consist of well-sorted sand and silt and some pebble gravel ranging in thickness from nearly zero to more than 225 feet in places. The thicker deposits are an important source of moderate supplies of ground water. Screened wells of moderate depth commonly yield about 150 gpm, but some yield as much as 400 gpm. Bodies of buried outwash deposits of irregular size and shape occur in the bottoms of some of the filled bedrock valleys. They seldom are more than 20-30 feet thick. Their permeability Is generally low because of the high percentage of silt; yields as much as 30 gpm to domestic wells are reported. Under most favorable conditions, these deposits yield as much as 500 gpm. The glaciolacustrine and associated delta deposits occur in nearly all parts of north-central Connecticut and are potential sources of moderate supplies of ground water. They consist of well-sorted sand which generally grades downward into varved clay and silt. The deposits of sand are thic","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1752","usgsCitation":"Cushman, R.V., 1964, Ground-water resources of north-central Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1752, v, 96 p. :illus. maps (2 col.) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1752.","productDescription":"v, 96 p. :illus. maps (2 col.) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1752/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26154,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1752/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26155,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1752/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26156,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1752/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26157,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1752/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a97e4b07f02db65add7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cushman, Robert Vittum","contributorId":96661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Vittum","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1233,"text":"wsp1499H - 1964 - Water resources of the Hartford-New Britain area, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T21:17:22.931346","indexId":"wsp1499H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1499","chapter":"H","title":"Water resources of the Hartford-New Britain area, Connecticut","docAbstract":"<p>The Hartford-New Britain area includes the metropolitan areas of Hartford and New Britain and parts of several adjoining towns. Water used in the area is withdrawn from the principal streams and aquifers at an average rate of 463.5 mgd (million gallons per day). Sufficient water is available from these sources to meet present requirements and those for many years to come, although local shortages may develop in some areas as the result of problems of distribution and treatment. About 98 percent of all water used in 1957 was from surface sources. More than 425 mgd was required by industry, and about 23 mgd was for domestic water supply. The Farmington River upstream from Collinsville is the chief source of water for public supply in the Hartford-New Britain area, whereas the Connecticut River is the chief source of water for industry. An average of about 40 mgd is withdrawn from the upper Farmington River for public supply, and about 404 mgd is withdrawn by industry from the Connecticut River for nonconsumptive use and returned directly to the stream. </p><p>The Connecticut River is the source of the largest quantity of water in the area. The flow of the stream at Thompsonville may be expected to equal or exceed about 2,000 mgd 95 percent of the time, and the flow should not be less than this amount for periods longer than 12 days. The flow below Thompsonville is increased by additions from the Scantic, Farmington, Park, and Hockanum Rivers and from numerous smaller tributary streams. The available streamflow data for the aforementioned rivers have been summarized graphically in the report. </p><p>The chemical quality of water in the Connecticut River is good, except for short periods when the iron concentration is high. In addition to the removal of iron some other treatment may be necessary if water from the Connecticut River is used for special purposes. The chemical quality of the tributary streams is good, except the quality of the Park River, which is poor. Thus the Connecticut River in the vicinity of Hartford offers an almost unlimited source of water of good chemical quality to the Hartford, New Britain area. The Connecticut River and many of its tributaries, however, are polluted to some degree, and the cost of treatment for pollution and of delivery of water to the area presents an economic problem in the further development of these sources. </p><p>The Hartford-New Britain area in the vicinity of Hartford has been plagued by floods since the time of its settlement. Most of the damage to property and loss of life in the Hartford area has been caused by flooding of the Connecticut and Park Rivers. Floods have occurred on the Connecticut River and its tributaries in every month of the year, but the most severe floods occur in the spring and fall. The most devastating flood on the Connecticut River occurred on March 21, 1986, when the stage at Hartford reached 37.0 feet above mean sea level. The maximum flood on the Park River occurred on August 19, 1955, when the stage reached 43.5 feet above mean sea level. Floods on the other tributaries have been frequent and some have been large, but damage has not been as great because the streams flow mostly through rural areas. </p><p>Small to moderate supplies of water suitable for domestic use and for small municipalities and industries are available from wells in the Hartford-New Britain area. Moderate supplies are obtainable from five definable sand-and-gravel aquifers and from widespread consolidated sedimentary rocks. Yields to individual wells range from 15 to 400 gpm (gallons per minute) for wells penetrating sand and gravel and from 1 to 578 gpm for wells penetrating consolidated sedimentary rocks. Sand and gravel deposits bordering the Connecticut River downstream from Rocky Hill afford the greatest potential for the development of large supplies of ground water. Small supplies ranging from 1 to 40 gpm are obtainable from glacial till and from consolidated crystalline rocks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1499H","usgsCitation":"Cushman, R.V., Tanski, D., and Thomas, M.P., 1964, Water resources of the Hartford-New Britain area, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1499, Report: vi, 96 p.; 2 Plates: 24.00 × 27.53 inches and 24.50 × 31.32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1499H.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 96 p.; 2 Plates: 24.00 × 27.53 inches and 24.50 × 31.32 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26158,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499h/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26159,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499h/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410735,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24444.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","city":"Hartford, New Britain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.5670,\n              41.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.875,\n              41.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.875,\n              41.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.5670,\n              41.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.5670,\n              41.875\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5eda7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cushman, Robert Vittum","contributorId":96661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Vittum","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanski, D.","contributorId":83385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanski","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, M. P.","contributorId":62574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2656,"text":"wsp1669R - 1964 - Geology and ground-water conditions of the Redwood Falls area, Redwood County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:16:10","indexId":"wsp1669R","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"R","title":"Geology and ground-water conditions of the Redwood Falls area, Redwood County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The Redwood Falls area includes about 80 square miles in southwestern Minnesota and is about 100 miles west of Minneapolis and St. Paul. Its surface is a gently undulating glacial-drift plain, interrupted in part by the large Minnesota River valley and the tributary Redwood River valley. The drift plain was laid down by the Des Moines lobe of the Wisconsin Glaciation and consists chiefly of ground moraine and several subdued recessional moraines. The glacial drift rests either on Precambrian gneiss or on thin patches of Cretaceous sedimentary strata that overlie the Precambrian bedrock.</p>\n<p>The glacial drift consists principally of till and some outwash and ranges in thickness from 0 to about 260 feet. It is the chief source of ground water, yielding small supplies almost anywhere in the area and large supplies in at least two places. Where the drift is absent, thin, or impermeable, small yields commonly are obtained from the Precambrian bedrock.</p>\n<p>The most notable aquifers in the area are three buried outwash deposits that are associated with a conspicuous southeastward-trending buried bedrock valley. The tops of the aquifers occur about 70,120, and 200 feet below the land surface, and their maximum known thicknesses are about 25, 55, and 45 feet, respectively. The aquifers are confined largely by relatively impermeable till; however, owing to the movement of water through the till, the drift may be regarded as a hydraulic unit.</p>\n<p>The main source of recharge to the ground-water reservoir is local precipitation, and most of the natural discharge is by evapotranspiration. The water table ranges in depth from 0 to about 30 feet below the land surface.</p>\n<p>Aquifer tests were made on the three outwash aquifers to determine their hydraulic characteristics. The coefficient of transmissibility (T) of the 200-foot aquifer is about 126,000 gpd (gallons per day) per ft, and the coefficient of storage (8) is about 0.0002. The T and S values of the 120-foot aquifer are about the same as for the 200-foot aquifer. For the 70-foot aquifer the value of T is about 70,000 gpd per ft, and S is about 0.0007. The data suggest that when the artesian head in the aquifers is lowered by pumping, recharge is induced by leakage from the confining beds.</p>\n<p>The 120-foot aquifer is considered the best known source of ground water In the area. The city of Redwood Falls has used this aquifer for its water supply since August 1955 and, in 1960, pumped about 106 million gallons from it. The water level in the aquifer had stabilized by late 1956; considerable additional water probably can be obtained from the aquifer. Although the 70-foot aquifer is not as extensive or as thick as the one at 120 feet, large amounts of water probably can be obtained from this aquifer also. The 200-foot aquifer is narrow, elongate, and irregular in form and appears to be very permeable only locally.</p>\n<p>Chemical analyses show that water from the glacial-drift aquifers is primarily of the bicarbonate type, is hard, and contains an excessive amount of iron. In places water from the Precambrian bedrock is much softer than water from the drift.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1962","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669R","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation wit the Division of Waters, Minnesota Department of Conservation, and the city of Redwood Falls","usgsCitation":"Schiner, G.R., and Schneider, R., 1964, Geology and ground-water conditions of the Redwood Falls area, Redwood County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, Document: iv, 46 p.; 11 Plates: 37.00 x 22.43 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669R.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 46 p.; 11 Plates: 37.00 x 22.43 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28979,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669r/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28986,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669r/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669r/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28987,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669r/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28985,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669r/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28988,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669r/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28980,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669r/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28981,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669r/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28982,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669r/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28983,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669r/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28984,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669r/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28989,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669r/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28990,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669r/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Redwood County","otherGeospatial":"Redwood Falls area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.25,\n              44.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.25,\n              44.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.016667,\n              44.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.016667,\n              44.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.25,\n              44.6\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685f8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiner, George R.","contributorId":22743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiner","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2659,"text":"wsp1608F - 1964 - Cenomanian-Turonian aquifer of central Israel, its development and possible use as a storage reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T12:29:21","indexId":"wsp1608F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"F","title":"Cenomanian-Turonian aquifer of central Israel, its development and possible use as a storage reservoir","docAbstract":"The Cenomanian-Turonian formations constitute a highly permeable dolomite and limestone aquifer in central Israel. The aquifer is on the west limb of an anticlinorium that trends north-northeast. In places it may be as much as 800 meters thick, but in the report area, largely the foothills of the Judean-Ephraim Mountains where the water development is most intensive, its thickness is generally considerably less. In some places the aquifer occurs at or near the land surface, or it is covered by sandy and gravelly coastal-plain deposits. However, in a large part of the area, it is overlain by as much as 400 meters of relatively impermeable strata, and it is probably underlain by less permeable Lower Cretaceous strata. \n\nIn general the aquifer water is under artesian pressure. The porosity of the aquifer is characterized mainly by solution channels and cavities produced by jointing and faulting. In addition to the generally high permeability of the aquifer, some regions, which probably coincide with ancient drainage patterns and (or) fault zones, have exceptionally high permeabilities. \n\nThe source of most of the water in the aquifer is believed to be rain that falls on the foothills area. The westward movement of ground water from the mountainous outcrop areas appears to be impeded by a zone of low permeability which is related to structural and stratigraphic conditions along the western side of the mountains. \n\nGradients of the piezometric surface are small, and the net direction of water movement is westward and northwestward under natural conditions. Locally, however, the flow pattern may be in other directions owing to spatial variations in permeability in the aquifer, the location of natural discharge outlets, and the relation of the aquifer to adjacent geologic formations. There probably is also a large vertical component of flow. \n\nPumping has modified the flow pattern by producing several irregularly shaped shallow depressions in the piezometric surface although, to date, no unwatering of the aquifer has occurred. In the central part of the area, pumping has induced some infiltration from overlying coastal-plain formations. \n\nInjecting and storing surplus water seasonally in the aquifer should be feasible at almost any place. However, the movement and recovery of the injected water probably could be controlled most easily if the water were injected where depressions have been formed in the piezometric surface.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608F","usgsCitation":"Schneider, R., 1964, Cenomanian-Turonian aquifer of central Israel, its development and possible use as a storage reservoir: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, iii, 20 p. :ill. ;24 cm. + plates folded in pocket., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608F.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p. :ill. ;24 cm. + plates folded in pocket.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28995,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":276493,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608f/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":276494,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608f/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":276492,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608f/plate-1.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2709,"text":"wsp1660A - 1964 - Floods of April-May, 1958 in Louisiana and adjacent states","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52214,"text":"ofr61173 - 1961 - Floods of 1958 in Mississippi","indexId":"ofr61173","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Floods of 1958 in Mississippi"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2709,"text":"wsp1660A - 1964 - Floods of April-May, 1958 in Louisiana and adjacent states","indexId":"wsp1660A","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Floods of April-May, 1958 in Louisiana and adjacent states"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"wsp1660A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1660","chapter":"A","title":"Floods of April-May, 1958 in Louisiana and adjacent states","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1660A","usgsCitation":"Smith, R., 1964, Floods of April-May, 1958 in Louisiana and adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1660, vi, 149 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1660A.","productDescription":"vi, 149 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1660a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29078,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1660a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R.P.","contributorId":105283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2710,"text":"wsp1658 - 1964 - Ground-water resources of the South Platte River Basin in western Adams and southwestern Weld Counties, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56171,"text":"ofr5993 - 1959 - Investigation of the quality of ground water in the vicinity of Derby, Colorado","indexId":"ofr5993","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Investigation of the quality of ground water in the vicinity of Derby, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2710,"text":"wsp1658 - 1964 - Ground-water resources of the South Platte River Basin in western Adams and southwestern Weld Counties, Colorado","indexId":"wsp1658","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of the South Platte River Basin in western Adams and southwestern Weld Counties, Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"wsp1658","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1658","title":"Ground-water resources of the South Platte River Basin in western Adams and southwestern Weld Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"The area described in this report consists of about 970 square miles in western Adams and southwestern Weld Counties in northeastern Colorado. It includes that part of the South Platte River valley between Denver and Kuner, Colo., all of Beebe Draw, and the lower part of the valley of Box Elder Creek. The stream-valley lowlands are separated by rolling uplands. The climate is semiarid, the normal annual precipitation being about 13 inches; thus, irrigation is essential for stable agricultural development. The area contains about 220,000 acres of irrigated land in the stream valleys. Most of the remaining 400,000 acres of land is used for dry farming or grazing because it lacks irrigation water. Most of the lowlands were brought under irrigation with surface water during the early 1900's, and now nearly all the surface water in the area is appropriated for irrigation within and downstream from the area. Because the natural flow of the streams is sometimes less than the demand for water, ground water is used to supplement the surface-water supply. Wells, drilled chiefly since 1930, supply the supplemental water and in some places are the sole supply for irrigation use. \r\n\r\nRocks exposed in the area are of sedimentary origin and range in age from Lato Cretaceous to Recent. Those that are consolidated, called 'bedrock' in this report, consist of the Fox Hills sandstone and the Laramie and Arapahoe formations, all of Late Cretaceous age, and the Denver formation and Dawson arkose of Late Cretaceous and Tertiary age. The surface of the bedrock was shaped by ancestral streams, the valleys of which are reflected by the present surface topography. Dune sand, slope wash, and thin upland deposits of Quaternary age mantle the bedrock in the divide areas, and stream deposits ranging in thickness from 0 to about 125 feet partly fill the ancestral valleys. The valley-fill deposits consist of beds and lenses of clay, silt, sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders. \r\n\r\nAbundant supplies of ground water for irrigation, municipal, and industrial use are obtained in the principal stream valleys from wells tapping valley-fill deposits beneath the flood plain and bordering terraces. Many domestic and stock wells obtain water from the unconsolidated deposits both on the uplands and in the valleys. The ground water in the valley-fill deposits generally is unconfined but in a few places is under slight artesian pressure. The bedrock formations yield small to moderate supplies of water to municipal, industrial, domestic, and stock wells, but the yields are not sufficient for irrigation. \r\n\r\nGround water in the South Platte River valley moves downstream and toward the river and is discharged into the river. The direction of ground-water movement in Beebe Draw and Box Elder Creek valley is nearly parallel to the streams. Beebe Seep, the stream in Beebe Draw, gains water from the groundwater reservoir in some reaches and loses water in others, but Box Elder Creek loses water to the ground-water reservoir throughout its course especially during floods. The shape and slope of the water table are affected chiefly by the permeability of the valley-fill deposits, the location and altitude of the areas of recharge and discharge, and the configuration of the underlying bedrock floor. The depth to water in the South Platte River valley ranges from less than 1 foot beneath the flood plain to as much as 80 feet beneath the terraces. In Beebe Draw the depth to water ranges from less than 1 foot to about 60 feet and in Box Elder Creek valley from about 5 feet to about 40 feet. During the period of record the annual fluctuation of water levels in wells in the area has ranged from 2 to 13 feet. Precipitation within the area and infiltrating water from irrigated tracts, reservoirs, canals, and streams are the principal sources of recharge to the ground-water reservoir; some recharge results from underflow from outside the area. Ground water is discharged by evapotranspiratio","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1658","usgsCitation":"Smith, R., Schneider, P., and Petri, L., 1964, Ground-water resources of the South Platte River Basin in western Adams and southwestern Weld Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1658, vi, 132 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm. +, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1658.","productDescription":"vi, 132 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm. +","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110003,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24850.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24850"},{"id":138805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1658/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29079,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1658/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29080,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1658/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29081,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1658/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29082,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1658/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29083,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1658/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29084,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1658/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29085,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1658/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29086,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1658/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29087,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1658/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29088,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1658/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29089,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1658/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696a98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Rex O.","contributorId":91088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Rex O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, P.A.","contributorId":56209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petri, Lester R.","contributorId":19534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petri","given":"Lester R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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