{"pageNumber":"599","pageRowStart":"14950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":69035,"records":[{"id":70148068,"text":"70148068 - 2013 - Distribution of biologic, anthropogenic, and volcanic constituents as a proxy for sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T14:10:59.636659","indexId":"70148068","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of biologic, anthropogenic, and volcanic constituents as a proxy for sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System","docAbstract":"<p>Although conventional sediment parameters (mean grain size, sorting, and skewness) and provenance have typically been used to infer sediment transport pathways, most freshwater, brackish, and marine environments are also characterized by abundant sediment constituents of biological, and possibly anthropogenic and volcanic, origin that can provide additional insight into local sedimentary processes. The biota will be spatially distributed according to its response to environmental parameters such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, organic carbon content, grain size, and intensity of currents and tidal flow, whereas the presence of anthropogenic and volcanic constituents will reflect proximity to source areas and whether they are fluvially- or aerially-transported. Because each of these constituents have a unique environmental signature, they are a more precise proxy for that source area than the conventional sedimentary process indicators. This San Francisco Bay Coastal System study demonstrates that by applying a multi-proxy approach, the primary sites of sediment transport can be identified. Many of these sites are far from where the constituents originated, showing that sediment transport is widespread in the region. Although not often used, identifying and interpreting the distribution of naturally-occurring and allochthonous biologic, anthropogenic, and volcanic sediment constituents is a powerful tool to aid in the investigation of sediment transport pathways in other coastal systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2013.05.006","usgsCitation":"McGann, M., Erikson, L., Wan, E., Powell, C.L., and Maddocks, R.F., 2013, Distribution of biologic, anthropogenic, and volcanic constituents as a proxy for sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System: Marine Geology, v. 345, p. 113-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.05.006.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048891","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay coastal system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.92877197265625,\n              37.28716518793858\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.61865234375,\n              37.28716518793858\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.61865234375,\n              38.285624966683756\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.92877197265625,\n              38.285624966683756\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.92877197265625,\n              37.28716518793858\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"345","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c5eb3e4b0a92fa7eacbf8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":147147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790416,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790417,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790418,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"McGann, Mary 0000-0002-3057-2945 mmcgann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":2849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary","email":"mmcgann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. lerikson@usgs.gov","contributorId":138920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li H.","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wan, Elmira 0000-0002-9255-112X ewan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-112X","contributorId":3434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Elmira","email":"ewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, Charles L. II 0000-0002-1913-555X cpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-555X","contributorId":3243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"cpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maddocks, Rosalie F.","contributorId":66604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddocks","given":"Rosalie","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70148069,"text":"70148069 - 2013 - Sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System: An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T14:32:59.876521","indexId":"70148069","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System: An overview","docAbstract":"<p>The papers in this special issue feature state-of-the-art approaches to understanding the physical processes related to sediment transport and geomorphology of complex coastal-estuarine systems. Here we focus on the San Francisco Bay Coastal System, extending from the lower San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta, through the Bay, and along the adjacent outer Pacific Coast. San Francisco Bay is an urbanized estuary that is impacted by numerous anthropogenic activities common to many large estuaries, including a mining legacy, channel dredging, aggregate mining, reservoirs, freshwater diversion, watershed modifications, urban run-off, ship traffic, exotic species introductions, land reclamation, and wetland restoration. The Golden Gate strait is the sole inlet connecting the Bay to the Pacific Ocean, and serves as the conduit for a tidal flow of ~ 8 x 109 m<sup>3</sup>/day, in addition to the transport of mud, sand, biogenic material, nutrients, and pollutants. Despite this physical, biological and chemical connection, resource management and prior research have often treated the Delta, Bay and adjacent ocean as separate entities, compartmentalized by artificial geographic or political boundaries. The body of work herein presents a comprehensive analysis of system-wide behavior, extending a rich heritage of sediment transport research that dates back to the groundbreaking hydraulic mining-impact research of G.K. Gilbert in the early 20th century.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2013.04.005","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., Schoellhamer, D., Jaffe, B.E., and Lester J. McKee, 2013, Sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System: An overview: Marine Geology, v. 345, p. 3-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.04.005.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045462","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay, San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0949,37.2992 ], [ -123.0949,38.5997 ], [ -121.1064,38.5997 ], [ -121.1064,37.2992 ], [ -123.0949,37.2992 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"345","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c5eb9e4b0a92fa7eacc0c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":147147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790437,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790438,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790439,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":138921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lester J. McKee","contributorId":140831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lester J. McKee","affiliations":[{"id":13590,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70039673,"text":"70039673 - 2013 - Measuring suspended sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T17:01:08.367467","indexId":"70039673","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T11:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1.10","title":"Measuring suspended sediment","docAbstract":"<p>Suspended sediment in streams and rivers can be measured using traditional instruments and techniques and (or) surrogate technologies. The former, as described herein, consists primarily of both manually deployed isokinetic samplers and their deployment protocols developed by the Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project. They are used on all continents other than Antarctica. The reliability of the typically spatially rich but temporally sparse data produced by traditional means is supported by a broad base of scientific literature since 1940.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>However, the suspended sediment surrogate technologies described herein – based on hydroacoustic, nephelometric, laser, and pressure difference principles – tend to produce temporally rich but in some cases spatially sparse datasets. The value of temporally rich data in the accuracy of continuous sediment-discharge records is hard to overstate, in part because such data can often overcome the shortcomings of poor spatial coverage. Coupled with calibration data produced by traditional means, surrogate technologies show considerable promise toward providing the fluvial sediment data needed to increase and bring more consistency to sediment-discharge measurements worldwide.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Comprehensive water quality and purification","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00012-8","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., and Landers, M.N., 2013, Measuring suspended sediment, chap. 1.10 <i>of</i> Comprehensive water quality and purification, v. 1, p. 157-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00012-8.","productDescription":"48 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"48","ipdsId":"IP-038802","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd667ce4b0b29085100c8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. R.","contributorId":63372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landers, M. N.","contributorId":63428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landers","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70157131,"text":"70157131 - 2013 - A 600-ka Arctic sea-ice record from Mendeleev Ridge based on ostracodes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-09T10:29:27","indexId":"70157131","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 600-ka Arctic sea-ice record from Mendeleev Ridge based on ostracodes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Arctic paleoceanography and sea-ice history were reconstructed from epipelagic and benthic ostracodes from a sediment core (HLY0503-06JPC, 800&nbsp;m water depth) located on the Mendeleev Ridge, Western Arctic Ocean. The calcareous microfaunal record (ostracodes and foraminifers) covers several glacial/interglacial cycles back to estimated Marine Isotope Stage 13 (MIS 13, &sim;500&nbsp;ka) with an average sedimentation rate of &sim;0.5&nbsp;cm/ka for most of the stratigraphy (MIS 5&ndash;13). Results based on ostracode assemblages and an unusual planktic foraminiferal assemblage in MIS 11 dominated by a temperate-water species&nbsp;</span><i>Turborotalita egelida</i><span>&nbsp;show that extreme interglacial warmth, high surface ocean productivity, and possibly open ocean convection characterized MIS 11 and MIS 13 (&sim;400 and 500&nbsp;ka, respectively). A major shift in western Arctic Ocean environments toward perennial sea ice occurred after MIS 11 based on the distribution of an ice-dwelling ostracode&nbsp;</span><i>Acetabulastoma arcticum</i><span>. Spectral analyses of the ostracode assemblages indicate sea ice and mid-depth ocean circulation in western Arctic Ocean varied primarily at precessional (&sim;22&nbsp;ka) and obliquity (&sim;40&nbsp;ka) frequencies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.12.010","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Polyak, L., Reed, D., Kandiano, E.S., Marzen, R.E., and Council, E.A., 2013, A 600-ka Arctic sea-ice record from Mendeleev Ridge based on ostracodes: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 79, p. 157-167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.12.010.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042443","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f15829e4b0dacf699eb952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Polyak, L.V.","contributorId":64819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polyak","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Reed, D.","contributorId":76247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kandiano, E. S.","contributorId":147452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kandiano","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13697,"text":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Marzen, R. E.","contributorId":147453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marzen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Council, E. A.","contributorId":147451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Council","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13420,"text":"Wright State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70048754,"text":"70048754 - 2013 - Climate change and watershed mercury export: a multiple projection and model analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-01T10:36:47","indexId":"70048754","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and watershed mercury export: a multiple projection and model analysis","docAbstract":"Future shifts in climatic conditions may impact watershed mercury (Hg) dynamics and transport. An ensemble of watershed models was applied in the present study to simulate and evaluate the responses of hydrological and total Hg (THg) fluxes from the landscape to the watershed outlet and in-stream THg concentrations to contrasting climate change projections for a watershed in the southeastern coastal plain of the United States. Simulations were conducted under stationary atmospheric deposition and land cover conditions to explicitly evaluate the effect of projected precipitation and temperature on watershed Hg export (i.e., the flux of Hg at the watershed outlet). Based on downscaled inputs from 2 global circulation models that capture extremes of projected wet (Community Climate System Model, Ver 3 [CCSM3]) and dry (ECHAM4/HOPE-G [ECHO]) conditions for this region, watershed model simulation results suggest a decrease of approximately 19% in ensemble-averaged mean annual watershed THg fluxes using the ECHO climate-change model and an increase of approximately 5% in THg fluxes with the CCSM3 model. Ensemble-averaged mean annual ECHO in-stream THg concentrations increased 20%, while those of CCSM3 decreased by 9% between the baseline and projected simulation periods. Watershed model simulation results using both climate change models suggest that monthly watershed THg fluxes increase during the summer, when projected flow is higher than baseline conditions. The present study's multiple watershed model approach underscores the uncertainty associated with climate change response projections and their use in climate change management decisions. Thus, single-model predictions can be misleading, particularly in developmental stages of watershed Hg modeling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.2284","usgsCitation":"Golden, H., Knightes, C.D., Conrads, P., Feaster, T., Davis, G.M., Benedict, S., and Bradley, P.M., 2013, Climate change and watershed mercury export: a multiple projection and model analysis: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 32, no. 9, p. 2165-2174, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2284.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2165","endPage":"2174","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-045661","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278631,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2284"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Mctier Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.666667,33.7 ], [ -81.666667,33.883333 ], [ -81.533333,33.883333 ], [ -81.533333,33.7 ], [ -81.666667,33.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5274c658e4b089748f071321","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golden, Heather E.","contributorId":94914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Heather E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knightes, Christopher D.","contributorId":32666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knightes","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, Gary M.","contributorId":12741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70116316,"text":"70116316 - 2013 - Human-induced stream channel abandonment/capture and filling of floodplain channels within the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-11T10:22:02","indexId":"70116316","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T10:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human-induced stream channel abandonment/capture and filling of floodplain channels within the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana","docAbstract":"The Atchafalaya River Basin is a distributary system of the Mississippi River containing the largest riparian area in the lower Mississippi River Valley and the largest remaining forested bottomland in North America. Reductions in the area of open water in the Atchafalaya have been occurring over the last 100 years, and many historical waterways are increasingly filled by sediment. This study examines two cases of swamp channels (< 85 m<sup>3</sup>/s) that are filling and becoming unnavigable as a result of high sediment loads and slow water velocities. The water velocities in natural bayous are further reduced because of flow capture by channels constructed for access. Bathymetry, flow, suspended sediment, deposited bottom-material, isotopes, and photointerpretation were used to characterize the channel fill. On average, water flowing through these two channels lost 23% of the suspended sediment load in the studied reaches. Along one of the studied reaches, two constructed access channels diverted significant flow out of the primary channel and into the adjacent swamp. Immediately downstream of each of the two access channels, the cross-sectional area of the studied channel was reduced. Isotopic analyses of bottom-material cores indicate that bed filling has been rapid and occurred after detectable levels of Cesium-137 were no longer being deposited. Interpretation of aerial photography indicates that water is bypassing the primary channels in favor of the more hydraulically efficient access channels, resulting in low or no-velocity flow conditions in the primary channel. These swamp channel conditions are typical in the Atchafalaya River Basin where relict large channel dimensions result in flow velocities that are normally too low to carry fine-grained sediment. Constructed channels increase the rate of natural channel avulsion and abandonment as a result of flow capture.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.06.016","usgsCitation":"Kroes, D.E., and Kraemer, T.F., 2013, Human-induced stream channel abandonment/capture and filling of floodplain channels within the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana: Geomorphology, v. 201, p. 148-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.06.016.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-042681","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289781,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.06.016"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River Basin;Big Bayou Pigeon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.5,29.75 ], [ -91.5,30.25 ], [ -91.25,30.25 ], [ -91.25,29.75 ], [ -91.5,29.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"201","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c0ec44e4b065ccca5fe3d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kroes, Daniel E.","contributorId":32260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraemer, Thomas F. tkraemer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Thomas","email":"tkraemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70094674,"text":"70094674 - 2013 - Seasonal variations in suspended-sediment dynamics in the tidal reach of an estuarine tributary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T14:34:15.535229","indexId":"70094674","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T10:09:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variations in suspended-sediment dynamics in the tidal reach of an estuarine tributary","docAbstract":"Quantifying sediment supply from estuarine tributaries is an important component of developing a sediment budget, and common techniques for estimating supply are based on gages located above tidal influence. However, tidal interactions near tributary mouths can affect the magnitude and direction of sediment supply to the open waters of the estuary. We investigated suspended-sediment dynamics in the tidal reach of Corte Madera Creek, an estuarine tributary of San Francisco Bay, using moored acoustic and optical instruments. Flux of both water and suspended-sediment were calculated from observed water velocity and turbidity for two periods in each of wet and dry seasons during 2010. During wet periods, net suspended-sediment flux was seaward; tidally filtered flux was dominated by the advective component. In contrast, during dry periods, net flux was landward; tidally filtered flux was dominated by the dispersive component. The mechanisms generating this landward flux varied; during summer we attributed wind–wave resuspension in the estuary and subsequent transport on flood tides, whereas during autumn we attributed increased spring tide flood velocity magnitude leading to local resuspension. A quadrant analysis similar to that employed in turbulence studies was developed to summarize flux time series by quantifying the relative importance of sediment transport events. These events are categorized by the direction of velocity (flood vs. ebb) and the magnitude of concentration relative to tidally averaged conditions (relatively turbid vs. relatively clear). During wet periods, suspended-sediment flux was greatest in magnitude during relatively turbid ebbs, whereas during dry periods it was greatest in magnitude during relatively turbid floods. A conceptual model was developed to generalize seasonal differences in suspended-sediment dynamics; model application to this study demonstrated the importance of few, relatively large events on net suspended-sediment flux. These results suggest that other estuarine tributaries may alternate seasonally as sediment sinks or sources, leading to the conclusion that calculations of estuary sediment supply from local tributaries that do not account for tidal reaches may be overestimates.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2013.03.005","usgsCitation":"Downing-Kunz, M., and Schoellhamer, D., 2013, Seasonal variations in suspended-sediment dynamics in the tidal reach of an estuarine tributary: Marine Geology, v. 345, p. 314-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.03.005.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"314","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-021925","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Corte Madera Creek, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.666667,37.916667 ], [ -122.666667,38.0 ], [ -122.5,38.0 ], [ -122.5,37.916667 ], [ -122.666667,37.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"345","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd71b5e4b0b29085107db2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":147147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790440,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790441,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790442,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Downing-Kunz, Maureen A. 0000-0002-4879-0318","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4879-0318","contributorId":57552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing-Kunz","given":"Maureen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70132325,"text":"70132325 - 2013 - Population-level thermal performance of a cold-water ectotherm is linked to ontogeny and local environmental heterogeneity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-28T14:47:31.588405","indexId":"70132325","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population-level thermal performance of a cold-water ectotherm is linked to ontogeny and local environmental heterogeneity","docAbstract":"<ol class=\"\"><li>Negative effects of global warming are predicted to be most severe for species that occupy a narrow range of temperatures, have limited dispersal abilities or have long generation times. These are characteristics typical of many species that occupy small, cold streams.</li><li>Habitat use, vulnerabilities and mechanisms for coping with local conditions can differ among populations and ontogenetically within populations, potentially affecting species‐level responses to climate change. However, we still have little knowledge of mean thermal performance for many vertebrates, let alone variation in performance among populations. Assessment of these sources of variation in thermal performance is critical for projecting the effects of climate change on species and for identifying management strategies to ameliorate its effects.</li><li>To gauge how populations of the Rocky Mountain tailed frog (<i>Ascaphus montanus</i>) might respond to long‐term effects of climate change, we measured the ability of tadpoles from six populations in Glacier National Park (Montana, U.S.A.) to acclimate to a range of temperatures. We compared survival among populations according to tadpole age (1&nbsp;year or 2&nbsp;years) and according to the mean and variance of late‐summer temperatures in natal streams.</li><li>The ability of tadpoles to acclimate to warm temperatures increased with age and with variance in late‐summer temperature of natal streams. Moreover, performance differed among populations from the same catchment.</li><li>Our experiments with a cold‐water species show that population‐level performance varies across small geographic scales and is linked to local environmental heterogeneity. This variation could influence the rate and mode of species‐level responses to climate change, both by facilitating local persistence in the face of changes in thermal conditions and by providing thermally tolerant colonists to neighbouring populations.</li></ol>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.12202","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B.R., Lowe, W.H., Talbott, M.J., Corn, P.S., Webb, M.A., and Kappenman, K.M., 2013, Population-level thermal performance of a cold-water ectotherm is linked to ontogeny and local environmental heterogeneity: Freshwater Biology, v. 58, no. 11, p. 2215-2225, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12202.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2215","endPage":"2225","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044557","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park, Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.103515625,\n              47.100044694025215\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.654296875,\n              47.100044694025215\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.654296875,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.103515625,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.103515625,\n              47.100044694025215\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d636e4b04d4b7dbd6635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowe, Windsor H.","contributorId":179176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Windsor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbott, Mariah J.","contributorId":126729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Talbott","given":"Mariah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6584,"text":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service–Bozeman Fish Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corn, P. Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335 steve_corn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":3227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.","email":"steve_corn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kappenman, Kevin M.","contributorId":198076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kappenman","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Webb, Molly A. H.","contributorId":152118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"A. H.","affiliations":[{"id":18870,"text":"Bozeman Fish Technology Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bozeman, Montana 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70106161,"text":"70106161 - 2013 - A sediment budget for the southern reach in San Francisco Bay, CA: Implications for habitat restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T12:17:17","indexId":"70106161","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T09:21:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A sediment budget for the southern reach in San Francisco Bay, CA: Implications for habitat restoration","docAbstract":"The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project is overseeing the restoration of about 6000 ha of former commercial salt-evaporation ponds to tidal marsh and managed wetlands in the southern reach of San Francisco Bay (SFB). As a result of regional groundwater overdrafts prior to the 1970s, parts of the project area have subsided below sea-level and will require between 29 and 45 million m<sup>3</sup> of sediment to raise the surface of the subsided areas to elevations appropriate for tidal marsh colonization and development. Therefore, a sufficient sediment supply to the far south SFB subembayment is a critical variable for achieving restoration goals. Although both major tributaries to far south SFB have been seasonally gaged for sediment since 2004, the sediment flux at the Dumbarton Narrows, the bayward boundary of far south SFB, has not been quantified until recently. Using daily suspended-sediment flux data from the gages on Guadalupe River and Coyote Creek, combined with continuous suspended-sediment flux data at Dumbarton Narrows, we computed a sediment budget for far south SFB during Water Years 2009–2011. A Monte Carlo approach was used to quantify the uncertainty of the flux estimates. The sediment flux past Dumbarton Narrows from the north dominates the input to the subembayment. However, environmental conditions in the spring can dramatically influence the direction of springtime flux, which appears to be a dominant influence on the net annual flux. It is estimated that up to several millennia may be required for natural tributary sediments to fill the accommodation space of the subsided former salt ponds, whereas supply from the rest of the bay could fill the space in several centuries. Uncertainty in the measurement of sediment flux is large, in part because small suspended-sediment concentration differences between flood and ebb tides can lead to large differences in total mass exchange. Using Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the random error associated with this uncertainty provides a more statistically rigorous method of quantifying this uncertainty than the more typical “sum of errors” approach. The results of this study reinforce the need for measurement of estuarine sediment fluxes over multiple years (multiple hydrologic conditions) to adequately detail the variability in flux. Additionally, the timing of breaching events for the restoration project could be tied to annual hydrologic conditions to capitalize on increased regional sediment supply.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2013.05.007","usgsCitation":"Shellenbarger, G., Wright, S., and Schoellhamer, D., 2013, A sediment budget for the southern reach in San Francisco Bay, CA: Implications for habitat restoration: Marine Geology, v. 345, p. 281-293, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.05.007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-006338","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.75,37.2509 ], [ -122.75,38.3523 ], [ -121.6589,38.3523 ], [ -121.6589,37.2509 ], [ -122.75,37.2509 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"345","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537b27e6e4b0929ba496ab48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shellenbarger, Gregory gshellen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellenbarger","given":"Gregory","email":"gshellen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175909,"text":"70175909 - 2013 - The timing of sediment transport down Monterey Submarine Canyon, offshore California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-20T16:04:48","indexId":"70175909","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T07:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The timing of sediment transport down Monterey Submarine Canyon, offshore California","docAbstract":"<p>While submarine canyons are the major conduits through which sediments are transported from the continents out into the deep sea, the time it takes for sediment to pass down through a submarine canyon system is poorly constrained. Here we report on the first study to couple optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of quartz sand deposits and accelerator mass spectrometry <sup>14</sup>C ages measured on benthic foraminifera to examine the timing of sediment transport through the axial channel of Monterey Submarine Canyon and Fan, offshore California. The OSL ages date the timing of sediment entry into the canyon head while the <sup>14</sup>C ages of benthic foraminifera record the deposition of hemipelagic sediments that bound the sand horizons. We use both single-grain and small (&sim;2 mm area) single-aliquot regeneration approaches on vibracore samples from fining-upward sequences at various water depths to demonstrate relatively rapid, decadal-scale sand transport to at least 1.1 km depth and more variable decadal- to millennial-scale transport to a least 3.5 km depth on the fan. Significant differences between the time sand was last exposed at the canyon head (OSL age) and the timing of deposition of the sand (from <sup>14</sup>C ages of benthic foraminifera in bracketing hemipelagic sediments) are interpreted as indicating that the sand does not pass through the entire canyon instantly in large individual events, but rather moves multiple times before emerging onto the fan. The increased spread in single-grain OSL dates with water depth provides evidence of mixing and temporary storage of sediment as it moves through the canyon system. The ages also indicate that the frequency of sediment transport events decreases with distance down the canyon channel system. The amalgamated sands near the canyon head yield OSL ages that are consistent with a sub-decadal recurrence frequency while the fining-upward sand sequences on the fan indicate that the channel is still experiencing events with a 150&ndash;250 year recurrence frequency out to 3.5 km water depths.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B30931.1","usgsCitation":"Stevens, T., Paull, C.K., Ussler, W., McGann, M., Buylaert, J., and Lundsten, E.M., 2013, The timing of sediment transport down Monterey Submarine Canyon, offshore California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 126, no. 1, p. 103-121, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30931.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"121","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062628","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.5,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5,\n              37\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b97f29e4b03fd6b7db87db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Thomas","contributorId":173895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":27154,"text":"Royal Holloway, University of London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":646532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ussler, William","contributorId":173896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ussler","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13620,"text":"Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGann, Mary 0000-0002-3057-2945 mmcgann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":169540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary","email":"mmcgann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buylaert, Jan-Pieter","contributorId":173897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buylaert","given":"Jan-Pieter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13419,"text":"Aarhus University, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lundsten, Eve M.","contributorId":147191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lundsten","given":"Eve","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13620,"text":"Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70143406,"text":"70143406 - 2013 - DOM composition in an agricultural watershed: assessing patterns and variability in the context of spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-19T09:23:44","indexId":"70143406","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DOM composition in an agricultural watershed: assessing patterns and variability in the context of spatial scales","docAbstract":"<p><span>Willow Slough, a seasonally irrigated agricultural watershed in the Sacramento River valley, California, was sampled synoptically in order to investigate the extent to which dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and compositions from throughout the catchment are represented at the mouth. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 13.9&nbsp;mg&nbsp;L</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>, with the lowest values in headwater 1st and 2nd order streams, and the highest values associated with flood irrigation. Carbon-normalized vanillyl phenols varied from 0.05 to 0.67&nbsp;mg 100&nbsp;mg&nbsp;OC</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;(0.37 mean), indicative of considerable contributions from vascular plants. DOC concentrations and compositions at the mouth appear to be primarily influenced by land use (agriculture) in the lower reaches, and therefore very little of the headwater chemistry (1st and 2nd order streams) can be discerned from the chemistry at or near the mouth (3rd and 4th order streams), indicating the need for synoptic sampling to capture the breadth of organic carbon cycling within a catchment. Field sampling during irrigation showed the large impact that flood irrigation can have on DOC concentrations and compositions, likely a primary cause of significantly elevated Willow Slough DOC concentrations during the summer irrigation season. Optical proxies exhibited varying degrees of correlation with chemical measurements, with strongest relationships to DOC and dissolved lignin (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.95 and 0.73, respectively) and weaker relationships to carbon-normalized lignin yields and C:V (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;from 0.31 to 0.42). Demonstrating the importance of matching scale to processes, we found no relationship between dissolved lignin concentrations and total suspended sediments (TSS) across all sites, in contrast to the strong relationship observed in weekly samples at the mouth. As DOC concentrations and compositions at the mouth of Willow Slough are closely tied to anthropogenic activities within the catchment, future changes in land-use driven by climate change, water availability, and economic pressures on crop types will also bring about changes in the overall biogeochemistry.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.07.039","collaboration":"CALFED","usgsCitation":"Hernes, P.J., Spencer, R., Dyda, R.Y., Pellerin, B.A., Bachand, P., and Bergamaschi, B., 2013, DOM composition in an agricultural watershed: assessing patterns and variability in the context of spatial scales: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 121, p. 599-610, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.07.039.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"610","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051121","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.59643554687499,\n              37.90953361677018\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.59643554687499,\n              41.36856413680967\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.36596679687499,\n              41.36856413680967\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.36596679687499,\n              37.90953361677018\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.59643554687499,\n              37.90953361677018\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"121","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550bf32be4b02e76d759cde0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hernes, Peter J.","contributorId":139730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hernes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12894,"text":"Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":139731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[{"id":12894,"text":"Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyda, Rachel Y.","contributorId":139732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyda","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":12894,"text":"Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bachand, Philip A. M.","contributorId":139733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"Philip A. M.","affiliations":[{"id":12895,"text":"Bachand & Associates, Davis, CA, 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70171523,"text":"70171523 - 2013 - Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T10:05:37","indexId":"70171523","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters","docAbstract":"<p><span>Carbon dioxide (CO</span><span>2</span><span>) transfer from inland waters to the atmosphere, known as CO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;evasion, is a component of the global carbon cycle. Global estimates of CO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;evasion have been hampered, however, by the lack of a framework for estimating the inland water surface area and gas transfer velocity and by the absence of a global CO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;database. Here we report regional variations in global inland water surface area, dissolved CO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;and gas transfer velocity. We obtain global CO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;evasion rates of 1.8</span><span class=\"mb\"><span class=\"mb\">&thinsp;</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><img class=\"align-middle\" src=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v503/n7476/images/nature12760-m22.jpg\" alt=\"\" /><span>&nbsp;petagrams of carbon (Pg</span><span class=\"mb\"><span class=\"mb\">&thinsp;</span></span><span>C) per year from streams and rivers and 0.32</span><span class=\"mb\"><span class=\"mb\">&thinsp;</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><img class=\"align-middle\" src=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v503/n7476/images/nature12760-m23.jpg\" alt=\"\" /><span>Pg</span><span class=\"mb\"><span class=\"mb\">&thinsp;</span></span><span>C</span><span class=\"mb\"><span class=\"mb\">&thinsp;</span></span><span>yr</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;from lakes and reservoirs, where the upper and lower limits are respectively the 5th and 95th confidence interval percentiles. The resulting global evasion rate of 2.1</span><span class=\"mb\"><span class=\"mb\">&thinsp;</span></span><span>Pg</span><span class=\"mb\"><span class=\"mb\">&thinsp;</span></span><span>C</span><span class=\"mb\"><span class=\"mb\">&thinsp;</span></span><span>yr</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;is higher than previous estimates owing to a larger stream and river evasion rate. Our analysis predicts global hotspots in stream and river evasion, with about 70 per cent of the flux occurring over just 20 per cent of the land surface. The source of inland water CO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;is still not known with certainty and new studies are needed to research the mechanisms controlling CO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;evasion globally.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature12760","usgsCitation":"Raymond, P.A., Hartmann, J., Lauerwald, R., Sobek, S., McDonald, C.P., Hoover, M., Butman, D., Striegl, R.G., Mayorga, E., Humborg, C., Kortelainen, P., Durr, H.H., Meybeck, M., Ciais, P., and Guth, P., 2013, Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters: Nature, v. 503, p. 355-359, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12760.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"359","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046024","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-213816","text":"External Repository"},{"id":322083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"503","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158b4e4b053f0edd03c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raymond, Peter A.","contributorId":47627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartmann, Jens","contributorId":7573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartmann","given":"Jens","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lauerwald, Ronny","contributorId":169950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauerwald","given":"Ronny","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25638,"text":"University ofhamburg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sobek, Sebastian","contributorId":169974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sobek","given":"Sebastian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonald, Cory P. 0000-0002-1208-8471 cmcdonald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1208-8471","contributorId":4238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Cory","email":"cmcdonald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoover, Mark","contributorId":169975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoover","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Butman, David","contributorId":51011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mayorga, Emilio","contributorId":25790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayorga","given":"Emilio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Humborg, Christoph","contributorId":43964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humborg","given":"Christoph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kortelainen, Pirkko","contributorId":43130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kortelainen","given":"Pirkko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Durr, Hans H.","contributorId":38851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durr","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Meybeck, Michel","contributorId":43521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meybeck","given":"Michel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ciais, Philippe","contributorId":40719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ciais","given":"Philippe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Guth, Peter","contributorId":169976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guth","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70048731,"text":"70048731 - 2013 - Restoring the Great Lakes: DOI stories of success and partnership in implementing the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-05T13:23:45","indexId":"70048731","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-31T13:37:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Restoring the Great Lakes: DOI stories of success and partnership in implementing the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes are a monumentally unique national treasure containing nearly ninety-five percent of the United States' fresh surface water. Formed by receding glaciers, the Great Lakes support a thriving, resilient ecosystem rich with fish, wildlife, and abundant natural resources. The Great Lakes also support an array of commercial uses, including shipping, and provide a source of recreation, drinking water, and other critical services that drive the economy of the region and the Nation. Regrettably, activities such as clear cutting of mature forests, over-harvesting of fish populations, industrial pollution, invasive species, and agricultural runoffs have degraded these treasured lakes over the decades creating long-term impacts to the surrounding watershed. Fortunately, the people who live, work, and recreate in the region recognize the critical importance of a healthy Great Lakes ecosystem, and have come together to support comprehensive restoration. To stimulate and promote the goal of a healthy Great Lakes region, President Obama and Congress created the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) in 2009. This program provides the seed money to clean up legacy pollution, restore habitats, protect wildlife, combat invasive species, and address agricultural runoff in the Great Lakes watershed. At the same time GLRI promotes public outreach, education, accountability, and partnerships.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and Bureau of Indian Affairs, 2013, Restoring the Great Lakes: DOI stories of success and partnership in implementing the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, viii, 19 p.","productDescription":"viii, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70048731.PNG"},{"id":278626,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70048731/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"The Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.47,41.12 ], [ -93.47,49.07 ], [ -75.14,49.07 ], [ -75.14,41.12 ], [ -93.47,41.12 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52736dfee4b097f32ac3dae9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior","contributorId":127996,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Department of the Interior","id":535596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","contributorId":128143,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","id":535598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"National Park Service","contributorId":127952,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Park Service","id":535595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bureau of Indian Affairs","contributorId":128258,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Bureau of Indian Affairs","id":535599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70048715,"text":"sir20135174 - 2013 - Refinement of regression models to estimate real-time concentrations of contaminants in the Menomonee River drainage basin, southeast Wisconsin, 2008-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:25:47","indexId":"sir20135174","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-31T09:36:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5174","title":"Refinement of regression models to estimate real-time concentrations of contaminants in the Menomonee River drainage basin, southeast Wisconsin, 2008-11","docAbstract":"In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District initiated a study to develop regression models to estimate real-time concentrations and loads of chloride, suspended solids, phosphorus, and bacteria in streams near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. To collect monitoring data for calibration of models, water-quality sensors and automated samplers were installed at six sites in the Menomonee River drainage basin. The sensors continuously measured four potential explanatory variables: water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Discrete water-quality samples were collected and analyzed for five response variables: chloride, total suspended solids, total phosphorus, Escherichia coli bacteria, and fecal coliform bacteria. Using the first year of data, regression models were developed to continuously estimate the response variables on the basis of the continuously measured explanatory variables. Those models were published in a previous report. In this report, those models are refined using 2 years of additional data, and the relative improvement in model predictability is discussed. In addition, a set of regression models is presented for a new site in the Menomonee River Basin, Underwood Creek at Wauwatosa.\n\nThe refined models use the same explanatory variables as the original models. The chloride models all used specific conductance as the explanatory variable, except for the model for the Little Menomonee River near Freistadt, which used both specific conductance and turbidity. Total suspended solids and total phosphorus models used turbidity as the only explanatory variable, and bacteria models used water temperature and turbidity as explanatory variables.\n\nAn analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), used to compare the coefficients in the original models to those in the refined models calibrated using all of the data, showed that only 3 of the 25 original models changed significantly. Root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) calculated for both the original and refined models using the entire dataset showed a median improvement in RMSE of 2.1 percent, with a range of 0.0–13.9 percent. Therefore most of the original models did almost as well at estimating concentrations during the validation period (October 2009–September 2011) as the refined models, which were calibrated using those data.\n\nApplication of these refined models can produce continuously estimated concentrations of chloride, total suspended solids, total phosphorus, E. coli bacteria, and fecal coliform bacteria that may assist managers in quantifying the effects of land-use changes and improvement projects, establish total maximum daily loads, and enable better informed decision making in the future.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, A.K., Robertson, D.M., Saad, D.A., and Magruder, C., 2013, Refinement of regression models to estimate real-time concentrations of contaminants in the Menomonee River drainage basin, southeast Wisconsin, 2008-11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5174, vii, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135174.","productDescription":"vii, 113 p.","numberOfPages":"125","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135174.gif"},{"id":278594,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5174/"},{"id":278595,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5174/pdf/sir2013-5174.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Menomonee River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.25,42.833333 ], [ -88.25,43.333333 ], [ -87.833333,43.333333 ], [ -87.833333,42.833333 ], [ -88.25,42.833333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52736dfee4b097f32ac3dae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, Austin K. 0000-0002-6027-3823 akbaldwi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3823","contributorId":4515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Austin","email":"akbaldwi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magruder, Christopher","contributorId":35995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magruder","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048712,"text":"sir20135051 - 2013 - Groundwater and surface-water interaction within the upper Smith River Watershed, Montana 2006-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-30T14:30:20","indexId":"sir20135051","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-31T08:34:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5051","title":"Groundwater and surface-water interaction within the upper Smith River Watershed, Montana 2006-2010","docAbstract":"<p>The 125-mile long Smith River, a tributary of the Missouri River, is highly valued as an agricultural resource and for its many recreational uses. During a drought starting in about 1999, streamflow was insufficient to meet all of the irrigation demands, much less maintain streamflow needed for boating and viable fish habitat. In 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Meagher County Conservation District, initiated a multi-year hydrologic investigation of the Smith River watershed. This investigation was designed to increase understanding of the water resources of the upper Smith River watershed and develop a detailed description of groundwater and surface-water interactions. A combination of methods, including miscellaneous and continuous groundwater-level, stream-stage, water-temperature, and streamflow monitoring was used to assess the hydrologic system and the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater and surface-water interactions. Collectively, data are in agreement and show: (1) the hydraulic connectedness of groundwater and surface water, (2) the presence of both losing and gaining stream reaches, (3) dynamic changes in direction and magnitude of water flow between the stream and groundwater with time, (4) the effects of local flood irrigation on groundwater levels and gradients in the watershed, and (5) evidence and timing of irrigation return flows to area streams.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Groundwater flow within the alluvium and older (Tertiary) basin-fill sediments generally followed land-surface topography from the uplands to the axis of alluvial valleys of the Smith River and its tributaries. Groundwater levels were typically highest in the monitoring wells located within and adjacent to streams in late spring or early summer, likely affected by recharge from snowmelt and local precipitation, leakage from losing streams and canals, and recharge from local flood irrigation. The effects of flood irrigation resulted in increased hydraulic gradients (increased groundwater levels relative to stream stage) or even reversed gradient direction at several monitoring sites coincident with the onset of nearby flood irrigation. Groundwater-level declines in mid-summer were due to groundwater withdrawals and reduced recharge from decreased precipitation, increased evapotranspiration, and reduced leakage in some area streams during periods of low flow. Groundwater levels typically rebounded in late summer, a result of decreased evapotranspiration, decreased groundwater use for irrigation, increased flow in losing streams, and the onset of late-season flood irrigation at some sites.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The effect of groundwater and surface-water interactions is most apparent along the North and South Forks of the Smith River where the magnitude of streamflow losses and gains can be greater than the magnitude of flow within the stream. Net gains consistently occurred over the lower 15 miles of the South Fork Smith River. A monitoring site near the mouth of the South Fork Smith River gained (flow from the groundwater to the stream) during all seasons, with head gradients towards the stream. Two upstream sites on the South Fork Smith River exhibited variable conditions that ranged from gaining during the spring, losing (flowing from the stream to the groundwater) during most of the summer as groundwater levels declined, and then approached or returned to gaining conditions in late summer. Parts of the South Fork Smith River became dry during periods of losing conditions, thus classifying this tributary as intermittent. The North Fork Smith River is highly managed at times through reservoir releases. The North Fork Smith River was perennial throughout the study period although irrigation diversions removed a large percentage of streamflow at times and losing conditions persisted along a lower reach. The lowermost reach of the North Fork Smith River near its mouth transitioned from a losing reach to a gaining reach throughout the study period.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Groundwater and surface-water interactions occur downstream from the confluence of the North and South Fork Smith Rivers, but are less discernible compared to the overall magnitude of the main-stem streamflow. The Smith River was perennial throughout the study. Monitoring sites along the Smith River generally displayed small head gradients between the stream and the groundwater, while one site consistently showed strongly gaining conditions. Synoptic streamflow measurements during periods of limited irrigation diversion in 2007 and 2008 consistently showed gains over the upper 41.4 river miles of the main stem Smith River where net gains ranged from 13.0 to 28.9 cubic feet per second. Continuous streamflow data indicated net groundwater discharge and small-scale tributary inflow contributions of around 25 cubic feet per second along the upper 10-mile reach of the Smith River for most of the 2010 record. A period of intense irrigation withdrawal during the last two weeks in May was followed by a period (early June 2010 to mid-July 2010) with the largest net increase (an average of 71.1 cubic feet per second) in streamflow along this reach of the Smith River. This observation is likely due to increased groundwater discharge to the Smith River resulting from irrigation return flow. By late July, the apparent effects of return flows receded, and the net increase in streamflow returned to about 25 cubic feet per second.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Two-dimensional heat and solute transport VS2DH models representing selected stream cross sections were used to constrain the hydraulic properties of the Quaternary alluvium and estimate temporal water-flux values through model boundaries. Hydraulic conductivity of the Quaternary alluvium of the modeled sections ranged from 3x10-6 to 4x10-5 feet per second. The models showed reasonable approximations of the streambed and shallow aquifer environment, and the dynamic changes in water flux between the stream and the groundwater through different model boundaries.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Meagher County Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, R.R., and Eddy-Miller, C., 2013, Groundwater and surface-water interaction within the upper Smith River Watershed, Montana 2006-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5051, xi, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135051.","productDescription":"xi, 88 p.","numberOfPages":"104","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135051.gif"},{"id":278591,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5051/pdf/sir2013-5051.pdf"},{"id":279219,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5051/"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Smith River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.0,46.0 ], [ -112.0,47.5 ], [ -110.5,47.5 ], [ -110.5,46.0 ], [ -112.0,46.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52736dfce4b097f32ac3dae0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048696,"text":"70048696 - 2013 - Evidence for 20th century climate warming and wetland drying in the North American Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-15T16:12:28.702025","indexId":"70048696","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-30T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for 20th century climate warming and wetland drying in the North American Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America is a globally important resource that provides abundant and valuable ecosystem goods and services in the form of biodiversity, groundwater recharge, water purification, flood attenuation, and water and forage for agriculture. Numerous studies have found these wetlands, which number in the millions, to be highly sensitive to climate variability. Here, we compare wetland conditions between two 30-year periods (1946–1975; 1976–2005) using a hindcast simulation approach to determine if recent climate warming in the region has already resulted in changes in wetland condition. Simulations using the WETLANDSCAPE model show that 20th century climate change may have been sufficient to have a significant impact on wetland cover cycling. Modeled wetlands in the PPR's western Canadian prairies show the most dramatic effects: a recent trend toward shorter hydroperiods and less dynamic vegetation cycles, which already may have reduced the productivity of hundreds of wetland-dependent species.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.731","usgsCitation":"Werner, B.A., Johnson, W., and Guntenspergen, G.R., 2013, Evidence for 20th century climate warming and wetland drying in the North American Prairie Pothole Region: Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 10, p. 3471-3482, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.731.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3471","endPage":"3482","ipdsId":"IP-046153","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.731","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.96,42.65 ], [ -114.96,52.70 ], [ -93.96,52.70 ], [ -93.96,42.65 ], [ -114.96,42.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52721c76e4b0ce70249c62fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, B. A.","contributorId":75435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W. Carter","contributorId":97237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W. Carter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048699,"text":"70048699 - 2013 - Nitrate Trends in Minnesota Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T13:37:31","indexId":"70048699","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-30T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Nitrate Trends in Minnesota Rivers","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to assess long-term trends (30 to 35 years) of flow-adjusted concentrations of nitrite+nitrate-N (hereinafter referred to as nitrate) in a way that would allow us to discern changing trends. Recognizing that these trends are commonly different from one river to another river and from one part of the state to another, our objective was to examine as many river monitoring sites across the state as possible for which sufficient long term streamflow and concentration data were available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nitrogen in Minnesota surface waters:","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Wall, D., Christopherson, D., Lorenz, D., and Martin, G., 2013, Nitrate Trends in Minnesota Rivers, chap. <i>of</i> Nitrogen in Minnesota surface waters:, 48 p.","productDescription":"48 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278584,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=19844"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.24,43.50 ], [ -97.24,49.38 ], [ -89.48,49.38 ], [ -89.48,43.50 ], [ -97.24,43.50 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52721c77e4b0ce70249c6307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wall, Dave","contributorId":63296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christopherson, Dave","contributorId":48471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopherson","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenz, Dave","contributorId":66162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Gary","contributorId":53687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70074147,"text":"70074147 - 2013 - Creating potentiometric surfaces from combined water well and oil well data in the midcontinent of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-02T10:52:38","indexId":"70074147","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-30T10:47:38","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Creating potentiometric surfaces from combined water well and oil well data in the midcontinent of the United States","docAbstract":"<p>For years, hydrologists have defined potentiometric surfaces using measured hydraulic-head values in water wells from aquifers. Down-dip, the oil and gas industry is also interested in the formation pressures of many of the same geologic formations for the purpose of hydrocarbon recovery. In oil and gas exploration, drillstem tests (DSTs) provide the formation pressure for a given depth interval in a well. These DST measurements can be used to calculate hydraulic-head values in deep hydrocarbon-bearing formations in areas where water wells do not exist. Unlike hydraulic-head measurements in water wells, which have a low number of problematic data points (outliers), only a small subset of the DST data measure true formation pressures.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Using 3D imaging capabilities to view and clean the data, we have developed a process to estimate potentiometric surfaces from erratic DST data sets of hydrocarbon-bearing formations in the midcontinent of the U.S. The analysis indicates that the potentiometric surface is more readily defined through human interpretation of the chaotic DST data sets rather than through the application of filtering and geostatistical analysis. The data are viewed as a series of narrow, 400-mile-long swaths and a 2D viewer is used to select a subset of hydraulic-head values that represent the potentiometric surface. The user-selected subsets for each swath are then combined into one data set for each formation. These data are then joined with the hydraulic-head values from water wells to define the 3D potentiometric surfaces. The final product is an interactive, 3D digital display containing: (1) the subsurface structure of the formation, (2) the cluster of DST-derived hydraulic head values, (3) the user-selected subset of hydraulic-head values that define the potentiometric surface, (4) the hydraulic-head measurements from the corresponding shallow aquifer, (5) the resulting potentiometric surface encompassing both oil and gas and water wells, and (6) the land surface elevation of the region. Examples from the midcontinent of the United States, specifically Kansas, Oklahoma, and parts of adjacent states illustrate the process.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"125th Anniversary Annual Meeting & Expo: The Geological Society of America","conferenceTitle":"125th Anniversary Annual Meeting & Expo: The Geological Society of America","conferenceDate":"2013-10-27T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America 2013 Annual Meeting","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Gianoutsos, N.J., and Nelson, P.H., 2013, Creating potentiometric surfaces from combined water well and oil well data in the midcontinent of the United States, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-053110","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281598,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2013AM/webprogram/Paper226579.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b7b0dde4b0388651d916a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gianoutsos, Nicholas J. 0000-0002-6510-6549 ngianoutsos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-6549","contributorId":3607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gianoutsos","given":"Nicholas","email":"ngianoutsos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048693,"text":"ofr20131156 - 2013 - Characterization of cyanophyte biomass in a Bureau of Reclamation reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T16:17:18","indexId":"ofr20131156","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-30T09:07:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1156","title":"Characterization of cyanophyte biomass in a Bureau of Reclamation reservoir","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to characterize the cyanophyte Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, (UKL) and, based on this description, explore uses for AFA, which would have commercial value. AFA collected from UKL in 2010 from eight sites during a period of approximately 2 weeks were similar in composition spatially and temporally. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the samples indicated that the AFA samples contained a broad range of phosphorus-containing compounds. The largest variation in organic phosphorus compounds was found in a sample collected from Howard Bay compared with samples collected the sites at Pelican Marina, North Buck Island, Eagle Ridge, Eagle Ridge South, Shoalwater Bay, and Agency Lake South. <sup>31</sup>P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance data indicated that the average ratio of inorganic phosphorus (orthophosphate) to organic phosphorus in the AFA samples was approximately 60:40 in extraction solutions of either water or a more rigorous solution of sodium hydroxide plus ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. This indicates that when AFA cells senesce, die and lyse, cell contents added to the water column contain a broad spectrum of phosphorus-containing compounds approximately 50 percent of which are organic phosphorus compounds. The organic phosphorus content of AFA is directly and significantly related to the total carbon content of AFA. Total concentrations of the elements Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Ti and Zn were similar in all samples with the exception of elevated iron in the July 27, 2010, sample from Pelican Marina. Iron concentration in the July 27, 2010, Pelican Marina sample was elevated; the concentration of iron in the August 9, 2010, sample from Pelican Marina was indistinguishable from iron in the other AFA samples that were collected. The carbon to nitrogen ratio in all AFA samples that were analyzed was 5.4 plus or minus 0.04 as compared with the Redfield ratio of carbon to nitrogen ratio of 6.6, which could be attributed to the large concentrations of nitrogen (protein) in AFA or to optimal growth rate.  In UKL there is a concern that microcystin, the toxin produced by microcystis, might be present in what appears to be predominantly AFA in the lake water. Experiments preformed as part of this study identified a process that reduces the toxicity of microcystin when it is present in water slurry containing AFA. The process combines (1) the inhibition of the α, ß-unsaturated carbonyl in microcystin with (2) the breakdown of proteins in AFA using the protease activity of plant enzymes. Protease enzymes can break peptide bonds in microcystin, which results in destruction of the cyclic structure of the microcystin polypeptide. Laboratory conditions used in this study resulted in the inactivation of approximately 60 percent of the activity of microcystin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Simon, N.S., Ali, A.A., Samperton, K.M., Korson, C.S., Fischer, K., and Hughes, M.L., 2013, Characterization of cyanophyte biomass in a Bureau of Reclamation reservoir: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1156, ix, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131156.","productDescription":"ix, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131156.gif"},{"id":278575,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1156/"},{"id":278576,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1156/of2013-1156.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.106,42.233 ], [ -122.106,42.599 ], [ -121.802,42.599 ], [ -121.802,42.233 ], [ -122.106,42.233 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52721c52e4b0ce70249c6262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, Nancy S. 0000-0003-2706-7611 nssimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2706-7611","contributorId":838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Nancy","email":"nssimon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ali, Ahmad Abdul","contributorId":25853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ali","given":"Ahmad","email":"","middleInitial":"Abdul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Samperton, Kyle Michael","contributorId":11926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samperton","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Korson, Charles S.","contributorId":85494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fischer, Kris","contributorId":54101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Kris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hughes, Michael L.","contributorId":43265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70144456,"text":"70144456 - 2013 - Improving regression-model-based streamwater constituent load estimates derived from serially correlated data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T14:05:44","indexId":"70144456","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving regression-model-based streamwater constituent load estimates derived from serially correlated data","docAbstract":"<p><span>A regression-model based approach is a commonly used, efficient method for estimating streamwater constituent load when there is a relationship between streamwater constituent concentration and continuous variables such as streamwater discharge, season and time. A subsetting experiment using a 30-year dataset of daily suspended sediment observations from the Mississippi River at Thebes, Illinois, was performed to determine optimal sampling frequency, model calibration period length, and regression model methodology, as well as to determine the effect of serial correlation of model residuals on load estimate precision. Two regression-based methods were used to estimate streamwater loads, the Adjusted Maximum Likelihood Estimator (AMLE), and the composite method, a hybrid load estimation approach. While both methods accurately and precisely estimated loads at the model&rsquo;s calibration period time scale, precisions were progressively worse at shorter reporting periods, from annually to monthly. Serial correlation in model residuals resulted in observed AMLE precision to be significantly worse than the model calculated standard errors of prediction. The composite method effectively improved upon AMLE loads for shorter reporting periods, but required a sampling interval of at least 15-days or shorter, when the serial correlations in the observed load residuals were greater than 0.15. AMLE precision was better at shorter sampling intervals and when using the shortest model calibration periods, such that the regression models better fit the temporal changes in the concentration&ndash;discharge relationship. The models with the largest errors typically had poor high flow sampling coverage resulting in unrepresentative models. Increasing sampling frequency and/or targeted high flow sampling are more efficient approaches to ensure sufficient sampling and to avoid poorly performing models, than increasing calibration period length.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.09.001","usgsCitation":"Aulenbach, B.T., 2013, Improving regression-model-based streamwater constituent load estimates derived from serially correlated data: Journal of Hydrology, v. 503, p. 55-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.09.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1980-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-050633","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Thebes","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.46922302246094,\n              37.18609994167537\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.46922302246094,\n              37.229303292139896\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.44785118103027,\n              37.229303292139896\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.44785118103027,\n              37.18609994167537\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.46922302246094,\n              37.18609994167537\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"503","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a75f8e4b03238427835b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048683,"text":"70048683 - 2013 - Gastric evacuation rate, index of fullness, and daily ration of Lake Michigan slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) and deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T08:24:53","indexId":"70048683","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-29T13:20:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gastric evacuation rate, index of fullness, and daily ration of Lake Michigan slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) and deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii)","docAbstract":"Accurate estimates of fish consumption are required to understand trophic interactions and facilitate ecosystem-based fishery management. Despite their importance within the food-web, no method currently exists to estimate daily consumption for Great Lakes slimy (Cottus cognatus) and deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii). We conducted experiments to estimate gastric evacuation (GEVAC) and collected field data from Lake Michigan to estimate index of fullness [(g prey/g fish weight)100%) to determine daily ration for water temperatures ranging 2–5 °C, coinciding with the winter and early spring season. Exponential GEVAC rates equaled 0.0115/h for slimy sculpin and 0.0147/h for deepwater sculpin, and did not vary between 2.7 °C and 5.1 °C for either species or between prey types (Mysis relicta and fish eggs) for slimy sculpin. Index of fullness varied with fish size, and averaged 1.93% and 1.85% for slimy and deepwater sculpins, respectively. Maximum index of fullness was generally higher (except for the smallest sizes) for both species in 2009–2010 than in 1976 despite reductions in a primary prey, Diporeia spp. Predictive daily ration equations were derived as a function of fish dry weight. Estimates of daily consumption ranged from 0.2 to 0.8% of their body weight, which was within the low range of estimates from other species at comparably low water temperatures. These results provide a tool to estimate the consumptive demand of sculpins which will improve our understanding of benthic offshore food webs and aid in management and restoration of these native species in the Great Lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2013.03.007","usgsCitation":"Mychek-Londer, J., and Bunnell, D., 2013, Gastric evacuation rate, index of fullness, and daily ration of Lake Michigan slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) and deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii): Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 39, no. 2, p. 327-335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.03.007.","productDescription":"p. 9","startPage":"327","endPage":"335","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044732","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278540,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.03.007"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0489,41.6199 ], [ -88.0489,46.1022 ], [ -84.756,46.1022 ], [ -84.756,41.6199 ], [ -88.0489,41.6199 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5270cafbe4b0f7a10664c77c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mychek-Londer, Justin G.","contributorId":64138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mychek-Londer","given":"Justin G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunnell, David B. 0000-0003-3521-7747 dbunnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-7747","contributorId":3139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048673,"text":"ofr20131260 - 2013 - Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Rim Fire, Stanislaus National Forest and Yosemite National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:02:06","indexId":"ofr20131260","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-29T10:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1260","title":"Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Rim Fire, Stanislaus National Forest and Yosemite National Park, California","docAbstract":"Wildfire can significantly alter the hydrologic response of a watershed to the extent that even modest rainstorms can produce dangerous flash floods and debris flows. In this report, empirical models are used to predict the probability and magnitude of debris-flow occurrence in response to a 10-year rainstorm for the 2013 Rim fire in Yosemite National Park and the Stanislaus National Forest, California. Overall, the models predict a relatively high probability (60–80 percent) of debris flow for 28 of the 1,238 drainage basins in the burn area in response to a 10-year recurrence interval design storm. Predictions of debris-flow volume suggest that debris flows may entrain a significant volume of material, with 901 of the 1,238 basins identified as having potential debris-flow volumes greater than 10,000 cubic meters. These results of the relative combined hazard analysis suggest there is a moderate likelihood of significant debris-flow hazard within and downstream of the burn area for nearby populations, infrastructure, wildlife, and water resources. Given these findings, we recommend that residents, emergency managers, and public works departments pay close attention to weather forecasts and National-Weather-Service-issued Debris Flow and Flash Flood Outlooks, Watches and Warnings and that residents adhere to any evacuation orders.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131260","usgsCitation":"Staley, D.M., 2013, Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Rim Fire, Stanislaus National Forest and Yosemite National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1260, Report: iv, 11 p.; 3 Plates: 54.67 x 43.39 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131260.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; 3 Plates: 54.67 x 43.39 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131260.gif"},{"id":278517,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1260/pdf/of2013-1260.pdf"},{"id":278518,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1260/pdf/of2013-1260_Plate1.pdf"},{"id":278519,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1260/pdf/of2013-1260_Plate2.pdf"},{"id":278520,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1260/pdf/of2013-1260_Plate3.pdf"},{"id":278516,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1260/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Stanislaus National Forest;Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.319948,37.550566 ], [ -120.319948,38.250044 ], [ -119.629869,38.250044 ], [ -119.629869,37.550566 ], [ -120.319948,37.550566 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5270cafbe4b0f7a10664c770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048670,"text":"sir20135169 - 2013 - Nitrate in the Mississippi River and its tributaries, 1980-2010: an update","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:05:50","indexId":"sir20135169","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-29T09:54:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5169","title":"Nitrate in the Mississippi River and its tributaries, 1980-2010: an update","docAbstract":"Nitrate concentration and flux were estimated from 1980 through 2010 at eight sites in the Mississippi River Basin as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). These estimates extend the results from a previous investigation that provided nitrate estimates from 1980 through 2008 at the same sites. From 1980 through 2010, annual flow-normalized (FN) nitrate concentration and flux in the Iowa and Illinois Rivers decreased by 11 to 15 percent. These two rivers had the highest FN nitrate concentration in 1980 (5.3 milligrams per liter [mg/L] and 3.9 mg/L, respectively) of any of the study sites. Nitrate increased in the Missouri River (79 and 45 percent increase in FN concentration and flux, respectively), and at the four sites on the Mississippi River (17 to 70 percent increase in FN concentration and 8 to 55 percent increase in FN flux) from 1980 through 2010. Nitrate in the Ohio River was generally stable during this time. Historically, nitrate was high and changed little in the Iowa and Illinois Rivers; however, nitrate concentrations began to decrease around 2000, and this decrease continued through 2010. Also during this time, near-flat nitrate trends in lower sections of the Mississippi River began increasing, likely reflecting the acceleration of already increasing nitrate trends in the upper Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, in addition to increases in inputs from other tributaries in the lower part of the Mississippi River Basin. Spring trends (April through June) generally parallel annual trends at all sites from 1980 through 2010, except in the Iowa River where decreasing nitrate during the spring was not observed. In general, most sites had increases in nitrate concentration at low streamflows, which suggests increases in legacy nitrate from groundwater or point source contributions. In aggregate, the decreases in nitrate concentrations from the Iowa and Illinois Rivers, which largely occurred during high flows, appear to be overshadowed by increasing nitrate concentrations across much of the Mississippi River Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135169","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Murphy, J.C., Hirsch, R.M., and Sprague, L.A., 2013, Nitrate in the Mississippi River and its tributaries, 1980-2010: an update: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5169, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135169.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135169.jpg"},{"id":278507,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5169/"},{"id":278508,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5169/pdf/sir20135169.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico;Illinois River;Iowa River;Mississippi River Basin;Missouri River;Ohio River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.21,28.65 ], [ -114.21,49.98 ], [ -76.6,49.98 ], [ -76.6,28.65 ], [ -114.21,28.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5270cafee4b0f7a10664c79d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Jennifer C. 0000-0002-0881-0919 jmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0881-0919","contributorId":4281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048650,"text":"sir20135151 - 2013 - Groundwater contributions of flow, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon to the lower San Joaquin River, California, 2006-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T14:50:52","indexId":"sir20135151","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-29T08:58:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5151","title":"Groundwater contributions of flow, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon to the lower San Joaquin River, California, 2006-08","docAbstract":"The influence of groundwater on surface-water quality in the San Joaquin River, California, was examined for a 59-mile reach from the confluence with Salt Slough to Vernalis. The primary objective of this study was to quantify the rate of groundwater discharged to the lower San Joaquin River and the contribution of nitrate and dissolved organic carbon concentrations to the river. Multiple lines of evidence from four independent approaches were used to characterize groundwater contributions of nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon. Monitoring wells (in-stream and bank wells), streambed synoptic surveys (stream water and shallow groundwater), longitudinal profile surveys by boat (continuous water-quality parameters in the stream), and modeling (MODFLOW and VS2DH) provided a combination of temporal, spatial, quantitative, and qualitative evidence of groundwater contributions to the river and the associated quality. Monitoring wells in nested clusters in the streambed (in-stream wells) and on both banks (bank wells) along the river were monitored monthly from September 2006 to January 2009. Nitrate concentrations in the bank wells ranged from less than detection—that is, less than 0.01 milligrams per liter (mg/L) as nitrogen (N)—to approximately 13 mg/L as N. Nitrate was not detected at 17 of 26 monitoring wells during the study period. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations among monitoring wells were highly variable, but they generally ranged from 1 to 4 mg/L. In a previous study, 14 bank wells were sampled once in 1988 following their original installation. With few exceptions, specific conductivity and nitrate concentrations measured in this study were virtually identical to those measured 20 years ago. Streambed synoptic measurements were made by using a temporarily installed drive-point piezometer at 113 distinct transects across the stream during 4 sampling events. Nitrate concentrations exceeded the detection limit of 0.01 mg/L as N in 5 percent of groundwater samples collected from the in-stream wells as part of the synoptic surveys. Only 7 of the 113 cross-sectional transects had nitrate concentrations greater than 1 mg/L as N. In contrast, surface waters in the San Joaquin River tended to have nitrate concentrations in the 1–3 mg/L as N range. A zone of lower oxygen (less than 2 mg/L) in the streambed could limit nitrate contributions from regional groundwater flow because nitrate can be converted to nitrogen gas within this zone. Appreciable concentrations of ammonium (average concentration was 1.92 mg/L as N, and 95th percentile was 10.34 mg/L as N) in the shallow groundwater, believed to originate from anoxic mineralization of streambed sediments, could contribute nitrogen to the overlying stream as nitrate following in-stream nitrification, however. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations were highly variable in the shallow groundwater below the river (1 to 6 ft below streambed) and generally ranged between 1 and 5 mg/L, but had maximum concentrations in the 15–25 mg/L range. The longitudinal profile surveys were not particularly useful in identifying groundwater discharge areas. However, the longitudinal approach described in this report was useful as a baseline survey of measured water-quality parameters and for identifying tributary inflows that affect surface-water concentrations of nitrate. Results of the calibrated MODFLOW model indicated that the simulated groundwater discharge rate was approximately 1.0 cubic foot per second per mile (cfs/mi), and the predominant horizontal groundwater flow direction between the deep bank wells was westward beneath the river. The modeled (VS2DH) flux values (river gain versus river loss) were calculated for the irrigation and non-irrigation season, and these fluxes were an order of magnitude less than those from MODFLOW. During the irrigation season, the average river gain was 0.11 cfs/mi, and the average river loss was −0.05 cfs/mi. During the non-irrigation season, the average river gain was 0.10 cfs/mi, and the average river loss was -0.08 cfs/mi. Information on groundwater interactions and water quality collected for this study was used to estimate loads of nitrate and dissolved organic carbon from the groundwater to the San Joaquin River. Estimated loads of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon were calculated by using concentrations measured during four streambed synoptic surveys and the estimated groundwater discharge rate to the San Joaquin River from MODFLOW of 1 cfs/mi. The estimated groundwater loads to the San Joaquin River for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon were 300 and 350 kilograms per day, respectively. These loads represent 9 and 7 percent, respectively, of the estimated instantaneous surface-water loads for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon at the most downstream site, Vernalis, measured during the four streambed synoptic surveys.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135151","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of California at Davis and CALFED Drinking Water Quality Program","usgsCitation":"Zamora, C., Dahlgren, R., Kratzer, C.R., Downing, B.D., Russell, A.D., Dileanis, P.D., Bergamaschi, B., and Phillips, S.P., 2013, Groundwater contributions of flow, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon to the lower San Joaquin River, California, 2006-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5151, Report: xii, 105 p.; Appendix 4: CSV file; Appendix 5: CSV file; Appendix 6: CSV file; Appendix 7: CSV file; Appendix 8: CSV file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135151.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 105 p.; 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,{"id":70047490,"text":"70047490 - 2013 - Monitoring change in Great Salt Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:19:25","indexId":"70047490","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-29T08:48:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring change in Great Salt Lake","docAbstract":"Despite the ecological and economic importance of Great Salt Lake, only limited water quality monitoring has occurred historically. To change this, new monitoring stations and networks—gauges of lake level height and rate of inflow, moored buoys, and multiple lake-bottom sensors—will provide important information that can be used to make informed decisions regarding future management of the Great Salt Lake ecosystem.","largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013EO330001","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Angeroth, C.E., Freeman, M.L., Rowland, R.C., and Carling, G., 2013, Monitoring change in Great Salt Lake: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 94, no. 33, p. 289-296, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013EO330001.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"296","ipdsId":"IP-045172","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.1012,40.669 ], [ -113.1012,41.705 ], [ -111.9302,41.705 ], [ -111.9302,40.669 ], [ -113.1012,40.669 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"94","issue":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5270cafde4b0f7a10664c791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angeroth, Cory E. 0000-0002-2915-6418 angeroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-6418","contributorId":2105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeroth","given":"Cory","email":"angeroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Michael L. mfreeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Michael","email":"mfreeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rowland, Ryan C. rrowland@usgs.gov","contributorId":3606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Ryan","email":"rrowland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carling, Gregory 0000-0001-5820-125X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5820-125X","contributorId":69459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carling","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6681,"text":"Brigham Young University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":482181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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