{"pageNumber":"5990","pageRowStart":"149725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165827,"records":[{"id":1669,"text":"wsp1779F - 1964 - Hydrologic studies of small watersheds, Honey Creek basin, Collin and Grayson Counties, Texas, 1953-1959","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T14:27:54","indexId":"wsp1779F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"F","title":"Hydrologic studies of small watersheds, Honey Creek basin, Collin and Grayson Counties, Texas, 1953-1959","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the results of an investigation into the effects of floodwaterretarding structures in the 39 square miles of the Honey Creek basin above the stream-gaging station near McKinney, during the period October 1952 to September 1959. The number of such structures in the study area was increased from 2 to 12 during the investigation.</p>\n<p>Data were collected which permit computation of basin and watershed precipitation, inflow to and outflow from each floodwater-retarding structure, evaporation and seepage from each pool, and a continuous record of discharge from the entire study area. Transpiration was not evaluated, but in the water-budget summary it is included in the item \"pool consumption\", together with evaporation and seepage.</p>\n<p>During the 7-year study period, the annual inflow to the gaged pools ranged from 1.34 to 26.50 inches and averaged 7.39 inches, of which 0.73 inch was direct rainfall on the pool surface. The annual pool consumption ranged only from 1.33 to 1.85 inches, and averaged 1.62 inches. These results indicate that in a year of substantial runoff the floodwater-retarding structures would have only a minor effect on downstream water yield, but in a year of low runoff the structures would have a marked effect on downstream water yield.</p>\n<p>The effect on the flood regimen at a downstream point because of floodwaterretarding structures in the headwaters will vary with the amount and intensity of the precipitation and with antecedent conditions. The beneficial effects of the structures on Honey Creek during the floods of April and May 1957 is illustrative. During the period April 19 to May 31, 1957, the total volume of inflow to the floodwater-retarding structures was equivalent to 4.3 times the combined capacities of the pools from an average basin rainfall of 30.31 inches. The retarding effects of the structures limited the flooding on Honey Creek at the gage to minor flooding on only five occasions during that period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779F","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Soil Conservation Service and the Texas Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, C.R., Commons, G., Koberg, G.E., and Kennon, F., 1964, Hydrologic studies of small watersheds, Honey Creek basin, Collin and Grayson Counties, Texas, 1953-1959: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, Report: v, 98 p.; 3 Plates: 24.00 x 7.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779F.","productDescription":"Report: v, 98 p.; 3 Plates: 24.00 x 7.00 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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E.","contributorId":30212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennon, F.W.","contributorId":88332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennon","given":"F.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2445,"text":"wsp1681 - 1964 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States, part 7. Lower Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T20:01:20.344547","indexId":"wsp1681","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1681","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States, part 7. Lower Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1681","usgsCitation":"Patterson, J.L., 1964, Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States, part 7. Lower Mississippi River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1681, Report: xx, 636 p.; 1 Plate: 39.00 × 30.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1681.","productDescription":"Report: xx, 636 p.; 1 Plate: 39.00 × 30.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395476,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24890.htm"},{"id":28517,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1681/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28516,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1681/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1681/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"lower Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.4170,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.5,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.5,\n              39.333\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4170,\n              39.333\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4170,\n              29\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6495dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patterson, James L.","contributorId":17593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2016,"text":"wsp1779BB - 1964 - Ground-water resources of Mirage Flats, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp1779BB","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"BB","title":"Ground-water resources of Mirage Flats, Nebraska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779BB","usgsCitation":"Keech, C.F., 1964, Ground-water resources of Mirage Flats, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, iii, 36 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779BB.","productDescription":"iii, 36 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779bb/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27482,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779bb/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27483,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779bb/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d617","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keech, Charles Franklin","contributorId":44123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keech","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2508,"text":"wsp1779Y - 1964 - A brief geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of the Furnace Creek Wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":24201,"text":"ofr5875 - 1958 - A brief geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of the Furnace Creek wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California","indexId":"ofr5875","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"A brief geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of the Furnace Creek wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2508,"text":"wsp1779Y - 1964 - A brief geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of the Furnace Creek Wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California","indexId":"wsp1779Y","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"chapter":"Y","title":"A brief geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of the Furnace Creek Wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":52340,"text":"ofr6373 - 1963 - A brief summary of ground water in the Furnace Creek Wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California","indexId":"ofr6373","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"A brief summary of ground water in the Furnace Creek Wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2508,"text":"wsp1779Y - 1964 - A brief geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of the Furnace Creek Wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California","indexId":"wsp1779Y","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"chapter":"Y","title":"A brief geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of the Furnace Creek Wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":52359,"text":"ofr63109 - 1963 - A brief geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of the Furnace Creek Wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California","indexId":"ofr63109","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"A brief geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of the Furnace Creek Wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2508,"text":"wsp1779Y - 1964 - A brief geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of the Furnace Creek Wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California","indexId":"wsp1779Y","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"chapter":"Y","title":"A brief geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of the Furnace Creek Wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California"},"id":3}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T20:36:32.446282","indexId":"wsp1779Y","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"Y","title":"A brief geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of the Furnace Creek Wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779Y","usgsCitation":"Pistrang, M.A., and Kunkel, F., 1964, A brief geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance of the Furnace Creek Wash area, Death Valley National Monument, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, Report: iv, 35 p.; 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,{"id":2427,"text":"wsp1774 - 1964 - Water resources of De Soto Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-07T20:22:54.764822","indexId":"wsp1774","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1774","title":"Water resources of De Soto Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1774","usgsCitation":"Page, L.V., and Pree, H.L., 1964, Water resources of De Soto Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1774, Report: vi, 152 p.; 13 Plates: 24.00 x 31.65 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1774.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 152 p.; 13 Plates: 24.00 x 31.65 inches or 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,{"id":2422,"text":"wsp1330G - 1964 - Water requirements of the petroleum refining industry","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2422,"text":"wsp1330G - 1964 - Water requirements of the petroleum refining industry","indexId":"wsp1330G","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Water requirements of the petroleum refining industry"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T14:30:51","indexId":"wsp1330G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1330","chapter":"G","title":"Water requirements of the petroleum refining industry","docAbstract":"<p>About 3,500 million gallons of water was withdrawn daily in 1955 for use by petroleum refineries in the United States. This was about 3 percent of the estimated daily withdrawal of industrial water in the United States in 1955. An average of 468 gallons of water was required to refine a barrel of crude oil, and the median was 95 gallons of water per barrel of crude charge; withdrawals ranged from 6.5 to 3,240 gallons per barrel. </p><p>Ninety-one percent of the water requirements of the petroleum refineries surveyed was for cooling. One-third of the refineries reused their cooling water from 10 to more than 50 times. Only 17 refineries used once-through cooling systems. Refineries with recirculating cooling systems circulated about twice as much cooling water but needed about 25 times less makeup; however, they consumed about 24 times more water per barrel of charge than refineries using once-through cooling systems. </p><p>The average noncracking refinery used about 375 gallons of water per barrel of crude, which is less than the 471-gallon average of refineries with cracking facilities. Refineries are composed of various processing units, and the water requirements of such units varied ; median makeup needs ranged from about 125 gallons per barrel for polymerization and alkylation units to 15.5 gallons per barrel for distillation units. </p><p>Refinery-owned sources of water supplied 95 percent of the makeup-water requirements. Surface-water sources provided 86 percent of the makeup-water demand. Less than 1 percent of the makeup water was obtained from reprocessed municipal sewage.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Water requirements of selected industries","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1330G","usgsCitation":"Otts, L.E., 1964, Water requirements of the petroleum refining industry: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1330, Report: v, 54 p.; Plate: 19.50 x 11.91 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1330G.","productDescription":"Report: v, 54 p.; Plate: 19.50 x 11.91 inches","startPage":"287","endPage":"340","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":28435,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330g/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":138942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28434,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330g/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"897.87 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otts, Louis Ethelbert Jr.","contributorId":75904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otts","given":"Louis","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ethelbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1969,"text":"wsp1583 - 1964 - Ground water in Fountain and Jimmy Camp Valleys, El Paso County, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51914,"text":"ofr5660 - 1956 - Results of pumping tests in the Widefield area, Fountain Valley, Colorado","indexId":"ofr5660","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Results of pumping tests in the Widefield area, Fountain Valley, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1969,"text":"wsp1583 - 1964 - Ground water in Fountain and Jimmy Camp Valleys, El Paso County, Colorado","indexId":"wsp1583","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in Fountain and Jimmy Camp Valleys, El Paso County, Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T12:23:23.211645","indexId":"wsp1583","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1583","title":"Ground water in Fountain and Jimmy Camp Valleys, El Paso County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The part of Fountain Valley considered in this report extends from Colorado Springs to the Pueblo County line. It is 23 miles long and has an area of 26 square miles. The part of Jimmy Camp Valley discussed is 11 miles long and has an area of 9 square miles. The topography is characterized by level flood plains and alluvial terraces that parallel the valley and by rather steep hills along the valley sides. The climate is semiarid, average annual precipitation being about 13 inches. Farming and stock raising are the principal occupations in the valleys; however, some of the agricultural land near Colorado Springs is being used for housing developments. \r\n\r\nThe Pierre Shale and alluvium underlie most of the area, and mesa gravel caps the shale hills adjacent to Fountain Valley. The alluvium yields water to domestic, stock, irrigation, and public-supply wells and is capable of yielding large quantities of water for intermittent periods. Several springs issue along the sides of the valley at the contact of the mesa gravel and the underlying Pierre Shale. \r\n\r\nThe water table ranges in depth from less than 10 feet along the bottom lands to about 80 feet along the sides of the valleys; the saturated thickness ranges from less than a foot to about 50 feet. \r\n\r\nThe ground-water reservoir in Fountain Valley is recharged by precipitation that falls within the area, by percolation from Fountain Creek, which originates in the Pikes Peak, Monument Valley, and Rampart Range areas, and by seepage from irrigation water. This reservoir contains about 70,000 acre-feet of ground water in storage. The ground-water reservoir in Jimmy Camp Valley is recharged from precipitation that falls within the area, by percolation from Jimmy Camp Creek during periods of streamflow, and by seepage from irrigation water. The Jimmy Camp ground-water reservoir contains about 25,000 acre-feet of water in storage. Ground water is discharged from the area by movement to the south, by evaporation and transpiration in areas of shallow water table, by seepage into Fountain and Jimmy Camp Creeks, and through wells. About 3 to 4 mgd (million gallons per day) of ground water moves through the Fountain Valley alluvium at a velocity of about 15 feet per day. About 1 mgd of ground water moves through the Jimmy Camp Valley alluvium at a velocity of about 6 feet per day. \r\n\r\nMost of the wells in the area are drilled, but a few are dug. Many large-diameter wells are used for irrigation and public supply: one of the wells","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1583","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, E., and Glover, R., 1964, Ground water in Fountain and Jimmy Camp Valleys, El Paso County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1583, v, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1583.","productDescription":"v, 66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1583/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27345,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1583/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396181,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24768.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"El Paso County","otherGeospatial":"Fountain and Jimmy Camp Valleys","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.8,\n              38.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.625,\n              38.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.625,\n              38.817\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.8,\n              38.817\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.8,\n              38.625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66db54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Edward D.","contributorId":17972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Edward D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glover, Robert E.","contributorId":64636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glover","given":"Robert E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2029,"text":"wsp1617A - 1964 - Discharge characteristics of embankment-shaped weirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp1617A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1617","chapter":"A","title":"Discharge characteristics of embankment-shaped weirs","docAbstract":"An embankment-shaped weir is an embankment overtopped by flood waters. Among the engineering problems frequently resulting from. this occurrence is the need to compute the peak discharge from postflood yield observations. The research described in this. report was concerned with the theoretical and experimental bases for the computation procedure. \r\n\r\nThe research had two main objectives. One was to determine the relationship between embankment form and roughness and some of the more important discharge characteristics. The second was to define, theoretically and experimentally, the relationship between free-flow discharge and the boundary layer on the roadway. The first objective was accomplished with the experimental determination of coefficients of discharge and other significant flow characteristics for a variety of boundary and flow conditions. The second objective was accomplished with the development and experimental verification of a discharge equation which involved the boundary layer displacement thickness. This phase of the research included a general investigation of boundary layer growth on the roadway. \r\n\r\nIt is included that both free- and submerged-flow discharge are virtually independent of the influence of embankment shape and relative height. The influence of boundary resistance is appreciable only for smaller heads. The most practical solution for discharge is one which is based on. the simple weir equation and experimentally determined coefficients. A completely analytical equation of discharge is impractical. \r\n\r\nThe report contains the results of 936 experiments on the discharge characteristics of 17 different models; plus 106 boundary-layer velocity traverses on 4 different models. The data are summarized in both graphical and tabular form.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1617A","usgsCitation":"Kindsvater, C.E., 1964, Discharge characteristics of embankment-shaped weirs: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1617, v, 11 p. :tables, graphs, diagrs, illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1617A.","productDescription":"v, 11 p. :tables, graphs, diagrs, illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1617a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27502,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1617a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae939","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindsvater, Carl E.","contributorId":73182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindsvater","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2421,"text":"wsp1499F - 1964 - Water resources of the Baltimore area, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"wsp1499F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1499","chapter":"F","title":"Water resources of the Baltimore area, Maryland","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1499F","usgsCitation":"Otton, E., Martin, R., and Durum, W.H., 1964, Water resources of the Baltimore area, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1499, vi, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1499F.","productDescription":"vi, 105 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28430,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28431,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499f/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28432,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499f/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28433,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f064f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, E. G.","contributorId":22311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, R.O.R.","contributorId":40193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.O.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durum, W. H.","contributorId":78311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durum","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2412,"text":"wsp1757C - 1964 - Ground water in the Sirte area, Tripolitania, United Kingdom of Libya","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"wsp1757C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1757","chapter":"C","title":"Ground water in the Sirte area, Tripolitania, United Kingdom of Libya","docAbstract":"The present study of the ground-water conditions in the Sirte area was made during December 1961 and March-April 1962 at the request of officials of the Government of Libya. Particular attention was given to the potential of the fresh-water aquifer near Qasr Bu Itadi as a source of water for Sirte. \r\n\r\nThe Sirte area lies on the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea about 450 kilometers east-southeast of Tripoli, cocapital of Libya. Although the area receives some winter precipitation, the climate is arid. The surface rocks of the area are chiefly Miocene limestone containing marl, clay, and some sandstone, though Quaternary deposits occur along the wadis and mantle the Miocene rocks in the coastal plain. \r\n\r\nFresh ground water occurs locally in Recent sand dunes near Zaafran and in Miocene limestone near Qasr Bu Hadi, south of a probable fault. Elsewhere in the Sirte area, ground water occurs generally in Tertiary rocks but contains 3,000 or more parts per million of dissolved solids. \r\n\r\nTo establish the hydraulic characteristics of the fresh-water aquifer in the Qasr Bu Itadi area, two test wells were drilled and a controlled pumping test was made. The coefficient of transmissibility was found to be about 25,000 gallons per day per foot (13.68 cubic meters per hour per meter), and the coefficient of storage, about 0.00055. The pumping test also established the presence of two barrier-type hydraulic boundaries for the aquifer, one about 250 meters westward and another about 535 meters northward from well 9a. The first boundary is probably the small anticline on which stands the fort of Qasr Bu Itadi; the second boundary is probably a northwest trending fault. Using the transmissibility and storage coefficients derived from the pumping test, the writer concludes that (1) the total draft from the fresh-water aquifer should not exceed 13.5 cubic meters per hour and (2) production wells should be at least 3 kilometers south of well 9a.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1757C","usgsCitation":"Ogilbee, W., 1964, Ground water in the Sirte area, Tripolitania, United Kingdom of Libya: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1757, iii, 14 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1757C.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28414,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d914","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ogilbee, William","contributorId":106093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogilbee","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":245,"text":"wsp1660B - 1964 - Summary of floods in the United States during 1958","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T17:48:22","indexId":"wsp1660B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1660","chapter":"B","title":"Summary of floods in the United States during 1958","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the most outstanding floods that occurred in the United States during 1958.</p><p>A series of storms from January 23 to February 16 brought large amounts of precipitation to northern California and produced damaging floods, particularly in the Lower Sacramento Valley where losses totaled about \\$12 million.</p><p>Major floods, notable because of the large area affected, occurred on many small streams in central and south Texas, following heavy general rains in late February. Extensive flooding occurred along the Gulf Coastal plain on the lower reaches of the major streams from the Brazos River to the Nueces River. Two lives were lost, and property damage exceeded \\$1 million.</p><p>Damaging floods of April 1-7 followed one of the wettest winters in California history. Swollen streams overflowed their banks throughout the central part of the State, and discharge peaks on many streams exceeded those .of the floods of December 1955. Most severely flooded was the San Francisco Bay area. Total flood damage was estimated at \\$23 million.</p><p>The storms and floods of April-May in Louisiana and adjacent States outranked all other floods in the United States during 1958 with respect to intensity of rain over a large area, number of streams having maximum discharge of record, rare occurrence of peaks, and great amount (\\$21 million) of resultant damage.</p><p>Heavy rains on June 8-15 caused one of the greatest summer floods of record in central Indiana. Peak discharges were high and of rare occurrences. Failure of numerous levees along the Wabash River caused great damage. Crop damage alone was estimated at \\$48 million.</p><p>Intense rains of July 1-2 caused record-breaking floods in southwestern Iowa. Rapid rises and the great magnitude of the floods on small streams resulted in 18 deaths and many injuries. Six towns and cities along the East Nishnabotna River and its tributaries were particularly hard hit; rural damage was also high. Total damage was estimated at \\$15 million.</p><p>Heavy rains (as much as 40 inches during the last 2 weeks in September) from the middle of September to the middle of October caused destructive floods along the Rio Grande in Texas and Mexico. Many communities were isolated by the flood waters, and damage to crops was great.</p><p>In addition to the 7 floods mentioned above, 21 others of lesser magnitude are reported in this annual summary.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1660B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies","usgsCitation":"Hendricks, E.L., 1964, Summary of floods in the United States during 1958: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1660, vi, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1660B.","productDescription":"vi, 97 p.","numberOfPages":"104","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":136589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1660b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24852,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1660b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6992a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendricks, E. L.","contributorId":50126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2203,"text":"wsp1764 - 1964 - Ground-water geology of the Dickson, Lawrenceburg, and Waverly areas in the western Highland Rim, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-31T20:36:24.280058","indexId":"wsp1764","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1764","title":"Ground-water geology of the Dickson, Lawrenceburg, and Waverly areas in the western Highland Rim, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Ground-water supplies in the Dickson, Lawrenceburg, and Waverly areas are obtained from wells and springs in limestone and chert formations of Missisippian age. In the Dickson area most of the wells and springs are in Warsaw Limestone. In the Lawrenceburg and Waverly areas, ground-water supplies are obtained from Fort Payne Chert and from residuum. In all three areas a few wells obtain small amounts of water from gravel stringers in the residuum. \r\n\r\nYields of well range from a few to 300 gpm (gallons per minute). Wells having the largest yields obtain water from residual material (colluvium) in the valley of Trace Creek in the Waverly area. Fewer than 10 percent of all wells inventoried yield more than 25 gpm. Springs are common in all the areas studied and yield as much as 1,000 gpm. \r\n\r\nThe quality of water from wells and springs iv the areas studied generally is good. The water is of the calcium bicarbonate type, and most of it is moderately hard to hard. The constituents in water from springs and from wells are about the same, although water from springs tends to be softer and slightly lower in dissolved-solids content. \r\n\r\nSprings constitute the largest potential source of water in the three areas. Twenty-one of the large springs discharge approximately 12 million gallons per day, or about 8,000 gpm. Another potential source of water is residuum underlying the valley of Trace Creek in the Waverly area. Wells yielding as much as 500 gpm probably could be developed in this aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1764","usgsCitation":"Marcher, M.V., Bingham, R.H., and Lounsbury, R., 1964, Ground-water geology of the Dickson, Lawrenceburg, and Waverly areas in the western Highland Rim, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1764, Report: iv, 50 p.; 7 Plates: 19.68 × 38.83 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1764.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 50 p.; 7 Plates: 19.68 × 38.83 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":27871,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1764/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":397419,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24942.htm","text":"Lawrenceburg area"},{"id":27866,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1764/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27867,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1764/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27868,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1764/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138156,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1764/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27865,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1764/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27869,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1764/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27870,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1764/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27872,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1764/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":397418,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24941.htm","text":"Dickson area"},{"id":397420,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24943.htm","text":"Waverly area"}],"scale":"31680","country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Dickson, Lawrenceburg, Waverly","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.5,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.25,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.25,\n              36.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5,\n              36.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5,\n              36\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.375,\n              35.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.25,\n              35.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.25,\n              35.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.375,\n              35.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.375,\n              35.125\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.875,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.75,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.75,\n              36.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.875,\n              36.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.875,\n              36\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d966","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marcher, Melvin V.","contributorId":11590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcher","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bingham, Roy H.","contributorId":56632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bingham","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lounsbury, Richard Edwin","contributorId":102054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lounsbury","given":"Richard Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2410,"text":"wsp1667C - 1964 - Intracellular and extracellular concentration of manganese and other elements by aquatic organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"wsp1667C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1667","chapter":"C","title":"Intracellular and extracellular concentration of manganese and other elements by aquatic organisms","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1667C","usgsCitation":"Oborn, E.T., 1964, Intracellular and extracellular concentration of manganese and other elements by aquatic organisms: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1667, iii, 18 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1667C.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1667c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28412,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1667c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfe2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oborn, Eugene T.","contributorId":21937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oborn","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3020,"text":"wsp1608E - 1964 - Hydrogeologic reconnaissance of Poro Point and vicinity, Luzon Island, Philippines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T12:26:47","indexId":"wsp1608E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"E","title":"Hydrogeologic reconnaissance of Poro Point and vicinity, Luzon Island, Philippines","docAbstract":"In 1961 a reconnaissance of the geology and ground-water hydrology of Poro Point, on the west coast of Luzon Island, Philippines, was made on behalf of the U.S. Department of the Navy. Poro Point, which marks the northern end of Lingayen Gulf, is about half a mile wide and projects northwestward about 2 miles into the China Sea. The point is underlain by coralline limestone of probable Pleistocene age. \n\nThe aquifer system consists of a fresh-water lens floating on salt water within the coralline limestone. Several tube wells obtain fresh water from the lens, but in May, at the end of the 6-month dry season during which rainfall totals only 40 inches, the water becomes brackish. 'Skimming wells' are considered the best method of obtaining fresh water from the lens, whose annual range in average thickness is probably 25 to 40 feet. \n\nRecharge is about 2,000-3,000 acre-feet per year and is derived wholly from precipitation during the 6-month wet season in which rainfall totals about 92 inches. The approximate amount of ground water stored in the fresh-water lens ranges from about 3,000 acre-feet at the end of the dry season to about 5,000 acre-feet at the end of the wet season. Most of the ground water is discharged through seeps and submarine springs around Poro Point; pumpage in 1961 was only about 100 acre-feet.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608E","usgsCitation":"Worts, G., 1964, Hydrogeologic reconnaissance of Poro Point and vicinity, Luzon Island, Philippines: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, iii, 14 p. :ill., map ;24 cm. + plate folded in pocket., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608E.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. :ill., map ;24 cm. + plate folded in pocket.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29850,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":276481,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608e/plate-1.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worts, George Frank","contributorId":100830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worts","given":"George Frank","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24825,"text":"ofr64170 - 1964 - Floods in Oklahoma: magnitude and frequency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-29T08:11:18","indexId":"ofr64170","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-170","title":"Floods in Oklahoma: magnitude and frequency","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents methods by which the magnitude and frequency of expected floods for most streams in Oklahoma can be determined. Flood data were used to define flood-frequency curves applicable to the State. Composite frequency curves were drawn showing the relation of mean annual floods to floods having recurrence intervals from 1.2 to 50 years. In some areas, it was found that the slope of the composite frequency curve varies with the drainage area. An adjustment curve was defined for use in conjunction with the composite curve for these areas. Other curves express the relation of the mean annual flood to drainage basin characteristics. By combining data from the composite and mean annual flood curves, flood-frequency curves can be drawn for streams in Oklahoma not materially affected by the works of man. Neither of the above two types of curves should be extrapolated beyond the range defined by base data. Frequency curves presented in this report were based on analysis of flood records collected at gaging stations having 5 or more years of record not materially affected by regulation or diversion.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr64170","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Oklahoma Department of Highways and United States Department of Commerce Bureau of Public Roads","usgsCitation":"Westfall, A., and Patterson, J., 1964, Floods in Oklahoma: magnitude and frequency: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-170, ix, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64170.","productDescription":"ix, 105 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0170/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":346204,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0170/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":3004,"text":"wsp1786 - 1964 - Inventory of published and unpublished chemical analyses of surface waters in the continental United States and Puerto Rico, 1961","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T17:54:41","indexId":"wsp1786","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1786","title":"Inventory of published and unpublished chemical analyses of surface waters in the continental United States and Puerto Rico, 1961","docAbstract":"<p>This inventory contains a list of published and unpublished chemical analyses obtained through September 30, 1961, by agencies associated with the Subcommittee on Hydrology. Bulletin 6 of Subcommittee on Hydrology includes references to all surface-water analyses for states east of the Mississippi River known to exist in the files of Federal agencies through September 30, 1951. Records of analyses of surface waters for states west of the Mississippi River are included in Bulletins 2 and 9 of the Subcommittee. Bulletin 2 includes the period of record prior to October 1, 1947, and Bulletin 9 includes the period from October 1, 1947, to September 30, 1955. Therefore, the earliest date for which references to data are included in this volume varies from October 1951 for states east of the Mississippi River (including Minnesota) to October 1, 1955, for states west of the Mississippi River. Analyses of water from Alaska and Puerto Rico were not reported in earlier inventories. An attempt was made to include available analyses obtained in Alaska since October 1951, but additional chemical determinations of water in Alaska that are not inventoried in this report were undoubtedly made in years prior to 1951. Requests concerning specific records not reported herein should be directed to offices having responsibility in the area.</p><p>This publication is patterned after preceding bulletins as far as practicable. The contents include a list of sampling stations and locations, drainage area above each station, period of record, number and frequency of samples collected, number of analytical values reported in each group arranged according to general types or purposes, and a list of references to the sources of basic data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1786","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Subcommittee on Hydrology, Inter-Agency Committee on Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Woodard, T.H., and Heidel, S.G., 1964, Inventory of published and unpublished chemical analyses of surface waters in the continental United States and Puerto Rico, 1961: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1786, v, 490 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1786.","productDescription":"v, 490 p.","numberOfPages":"496","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29798,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1786/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1786/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ce7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodard, Thomas H.","contributorId":106102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodard","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heidel, Sumner Griggs","contributorId":97082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heidel","given":"Sumner","email":"","middleInitial":"Griggs","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1156,"text":"wsp1754 - 1964 - Preliminary results of hydrogeologic investigations in the valley of the Humboldt River near Winnemucca, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-17T19:59:07.216414","indexId":"wsp1754","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1754","title":"Preliminary results of hydrogeologic investigations in the valley of the Humboldt River near Winnemucca, Nevada","docAbstract":"Most of the ground water of economic importance and nearly all the ground water closely associated with the flow o# the Humboldt River in the. 40-mile reach near Winnemucca, Nev., are in unconsolidated sedimentary deposits. These deposits range in age from Pliocene to Recent and range in character from coarse poorly sorted fanglomerate to lacustrine strata of clay, silt, sand, and gravel. The most permeable deposit consists of sand and gravel of Lake Lahontan age--the so-called medial gravel unit--which is underlain and overlain by fairly impermeable silt and clay also of Lake Lahontan age. \r\n\r\nThe ultimate source of nearly all the water in the study area is precpitation within the drainage basin of the Humboldt River. Much of this water reaches the study, area as flow or underflow of the Humboldt River and as underflow from other valleys tributary to the study area. Little if any flow from the tributary streams in the study area usually reaches the Humboldt River. Most of the tributary streamflow within the study area evaporates or is transpired by vegetation, but a part percolates downward through unconsolidated deposits of the alluvial fans flanking the mountains and move downgradient as ground-water underflow toward the Humboldt River. \r\n\r\nAreas that contribute significant amounts of ground-water underflow to. the valley of the Humboldt River within the study area are (1) the valley of the Humboldt River upstream from the study area, (2) the Pole Creek-Rock Creek area, (3) Paradise Valley, and (4) Grass Valley and the northwestern slope of the Sonoma Range. The total average underflow from these areas in the period 1949-61 was about 14,000-19,000 acre-feet per year. Much of this underflow discharged into the Humboldt River within the study area and constituted a large part of the base flow of the river. \r\n\r\nStreamflow in the Humboldt River increases substantially in the early spring, principally because of runoff to the river in the reaches upstream from the study area. The resulting increase of the stage of the river causes the river to lose large amounts of water by infiltration to the ground-water reservoir in the study area. In addition, there is much recharge to the ground-water reservoir in the spring and early summer as a result of seepage losses from irrigation ditches and the downward percolation of some of the excess water applied for irrigation. The average net increase of ground water in storage in the deposits beneath and adjacent to the flood plain of the Humboldt River during the spring and early summer is about 10,000 acre-feet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1754","usgsCitation":"Cohen, P.M., 1964, Preliminary results of hydrogeologic investigations in the valley of the Humboldt River near Winnemucca, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1754, Report: v, 59 p.; 4 Plates: 40.00 × 27.85 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1754.","productDescription":"Report: v, 59 p.; 4 Plates: 40.00 × 27.85 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":25962,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1754/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25960,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1754/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25963,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1754/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25959,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1754/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25961,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1754/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391813,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24929.htm"},{"id":137313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1754/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Winnemucca","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118,\n              40.843\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.278,\n              40.843\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.278,\n              41.134\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              41.134\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              40.843\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db6922a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, Philip M.","contributorId":67860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1154,"text":"wsp1779S - 1964 - Evaluation of hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of Truckee Meadows area, Washoe County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:12","indexId":"wsp1779S","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"S","title":"Evaluation of hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of Truckee Meadows area, Washoe County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Practically all the ground water of economic importance in the Truckee Meadows area, an alluviated intermontane basin in western Nevada is in the valley fill, which consists of unconsolidated and partially consolidated sedimentary deposits. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic consolidated rocks of the mountains bordering the valley contain some water in fractures and other openings, but they have virtually no interstitial permeability. The permeability of the valley fill is extremely variable. The Truckee Formation, which is the oldest deposit of the valley fill, yields very little water to wells. Permeable lenses of sand and gravel in the valley fill that are younger than the Truckee Formation yield moderate to large amounts of water to wells. \r\n\r\nThe estimated average annual recharge to and discharge from the groundwater reservoir is 35,000 acre-feet. About 25,000 acre-feet of the recharge is from the infiltration of irrigation water diverted from the Truckee River. Most of the discharge is by evapotranspiration and by seepage to ditches and streams. \r\n\r\nSome water in the area is unsuitable for many uses because of its poor chemical quality. Water in the Steamboat Springs area is hot and has high concentrations of chloride and dissolved solids. Both water draining areas of bleached rock and ground water downgradient from areas of leached rock have high concentrations of sulfate and dissolved solids. Surface water of low dissolved-solids content mixes with and dilutes some highly mineralized ground water. \r\n\r\nIncreased pumping in discharge areas will help to alleviate waterlogged conditions and will decrease ground-water losses by evapotranspiration. Increased pumping near the Truckee River may induce recharge from the river to the ground-water system.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779S","usgsCitation":"Cohen, P.M., and Loeltz, O.J., 1964, Evaluation of hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of Truckee Meadows area, Washoe County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, v, 63 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779S.","productDescription":"v, 63 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779s/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25954,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779s/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25955,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779s/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25956,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779s/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25957,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779s/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6250cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, Philip M.","contributorId":67860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loeltz, Omar J.","contributorId":86312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeltz","given":"Omar","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":63329,"text":"gq283 - 1964 - Geology of the Washington West quadrangle, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:40","indexId":"gq283","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"283","title":"Geology of the Washington West quadrangle, Pennsylvania","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq283","usgsCitation":"Berryhill, H., and Swanson, V.E., 1964, Geology of the Washington West quadrangle, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 283, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq283.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":102291,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_740.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"740"},{"id":249431,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0283/report.pdf","size":"36","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0283/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.36749999999999,40.1175 ], [ -80.36749999999999,40.25 ], [ -80.25,40.25 ], [ -80.25,40.1175 ], [ -80.36749999999999,40.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berryhill, Henry L.","contributorId":83107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berryhill","given":"Henry L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, Vernon Emanuel","contributorId":59014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"Emanuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":7812,"text":"ofr649 - 1964 - Preliminary report on tests of the application of geophysical methods to Arctic ground water problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T23:37:43.02624","indexId":"ofr649","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-9","title":"Preliminary report on tests of the application of geophysical methods to Arctic ground water problems","docAbstract":"<p>Seismic refraction and electrical resistivity surveys were made during the summer and fall of 1952 in the Tanana Valley near Fairbanks, Alaska, as part of the studies of the application of geophysical techniques to ground-water problems in Alaska instigated in 1951 by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Laboratories. Work centered around the highway junctions at Fairbanks, Big Delta, and Tok. It was found that both survey methods defined the horizontal extent of the frozen ground and both were capable of determining the depth to the top of the permafrost but neither regularly yielded reliable information on the material beneath the top of the permafrost. The greatest need at present is for a thorough examination of data obtained in the field seasons of 1948 and 1952. Two fundamental theoretical investigations are desirable: (1) examination of the attenuation of longitudinal waves traveling through a thin layer, and (2) further development of the theoretical multilayer resistivity interpretation of problems in which the second layer has a very high resistivity. Further field work should include: (1) tests of the U.S. Geological Survey's new shallow-reflection seismograph; (2) a brief test of electromagnetic equipment; (3) additional resistivity measurements with commutated current; and (4) both seismic and resistivity measurements in areas where the bedrock possesses different physical properties from the schist usually found in interior Alaska. It is doubtful that geophysical techniques are sufficiently developed to be valuable for use by Army personnel in prospecting for ground water in areas of thick permafrost.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr649","collaboration":"Prepared in 1954 in cooperation with U.S. Department of the Army, Engineer Research and Development Laboratories","usgsCitation":"Barnes, D., and MacCarthy, G.R., 1964, Preliminary report on tests of the application of geophysical methods to Arctic ground water problems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-9, iii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr649.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422762,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0009/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":62003,"text":"mr38 - 1964 - Placer gold occurrences in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-09T13:28:20.950341","indexId":"mr38","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":324,"text":"Mineral Investigations Resource Map","code":"MR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"38","title":"Placer gold occurrences in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The following references give data on localities of placer gold by quadrangle and are keyed by number within each quadrangle to locations shown on map. The quadrangle boundaries and names used on the map are those selected by the U. S. Geological Survey for topographic mapping in Alaska on a scale of 1:250,000. 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