Hawaiian eruptions are characterized by fountains of gas and ejecta, sustained for hours to days that reach tens to hundreds of meters in height. Quantitative analysis of the pyroclastic products from the 1959 eruption of Kīlauea Iki, Kīlauea volcano, Hawai‘i, provides insights into the processes occurring during typical Hawaiian fountaining activity. This short-lived but powerful eruption contained 17 fountaining episodes and produced a cone and tephra blanket as well as a lava lake that interacted with the vent and fountain during all but the first episode of the eruption, the focus of this paper. Microtextural analysis of Hawaiian fountaining products from this opening episode is used to infer vesiculation processes within the fountain and shallow conduit. Vesicle number densities for all clasts are high (106–107 cm−3). Post-fragmentation expansion of bubbles within the thermally-insulated fountain overprints the pre-fragmentation bubble populations, leading to a reduction in vesicle number density and increase in mean vesicle size. However, early quenched rims of some clasts, with vesicle number densities approaching 107 cm−3, are probably a valid approximation to magma conditions near fragmentation. The extent of clast evolution from low vesicle-to-melt ratio and corresponding high vesicle number density to higher vesicle-to-melt ratio and lower vesicle-number density corresponds to the length of residence time within the fountain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0426-z","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Stovall, W., Houghton, B.F., Gonnermann, H., Fagents, S., and Swanson, D., 2011, Eruption dynamics of Hawaiian-style fountains: The case study of episode 1 of the Kilauea Iki 1959 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 5, p. 511-529, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0426-z.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"529","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0426-z"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.63232421875,\n 19.150357455407473\n ],\n [\n -155.24780273437497,\n 19.150357455407473\n ],\n [\n -155.24780273437497,\n 19.570142140282975\n ],\n [\n -155.63232421875,\n 19.570142140282975\n ],\n [\n -155.63232421875,\n 19.150357455407473\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a4be4b0c8380cd522c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stovall, W.K.","contributorId":74590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stovall","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":454304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonnermann, H.","contributorId":100233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonnermann","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fagents, S.A.","contributorId":58840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagents","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035394,"text":"70035394 - 2011 - Shallow conduit system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, revealed by seismic signals associated with degassing bursts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-10T16:10:47","indexId":"70035394","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow conduit system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, revealed by seismic signals associated with degassing bursts","docAbstract":"Eruptive activity at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, beginning in March, 2008 and continuing to the present time is characterized by episodic explosive bursts of gas and ash from a vent within Halemaumau Pit Crater. These bursts are accompanied by seismic signals that are well recorded by a broadband network deployed in the summit caldera. We investigate in detail the dimensions and oscillation modes of the source of a representative burst in the 1−10 s band. An extended source is realized by a set of point sources distributed on a grid surrounding the source centroid, where the centroid position and source geometry are fixed from previous modeling of very-long-period (VLP) data in the 10–50 s band. The source time histories of all point sources are obtained simultaneously through waveform inversion carried out in the frequency domain. Short-scale noisy fluctuations of the source time histories between adjacent sources are suppressed with a smoothing constraint, whose strength is determined through a minimization of the Akaike Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC). Waveform inversions carried out for homogeneous and heterogeneous velocity structures both image a dominant source component in the form of an east trending dike with dimensions of 2.9 × 2.9 km. The dike extends ∼2 km west and ∼0.9 km east of the VLP centroid and spans the depth range 0.2–3.1 km. The source model for a homogeneous velocity structure suggests the dike is hinged at the source centroid where it bends from a strike E 27°N with northern dip of 85° west of the centroid, to a strike E 7°N with northern dip of 80° east of the centroid. The oscillating behavior of the dike is dominated by simple harmonic modes with frequencies ∼0.2 Hz and ∼0.5 Hz, representing the fundamental mode ν11 and first degenerate mode ν12 = ν21 of the dike. Although not strongly supported by data in the 1–10 s band, a north striking dike segment is required for enhanced compatibility with the model elaborated in the 10–50 s band. This dike provides connectivity between the east trending dike and the new vent within Halemaumau Pit Crater. Waveform inversions with a dual-dike model suggest dimensions of 0.7 × 0.7 km to 2.6 × 2.6 km for this segment. Further elaboration of the complex dike system under Halemaumau does not appear to be feasible with presently available data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008677","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2011, Shallow conduit system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, revealed by seismic signals associated with degassing bursts: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008677.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"B12317","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487252,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008677","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008677"},{"id":243018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.056854 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e1ae4b08c986b31872d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, Bernard","contributorId":65485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip","contributorId":21780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041334,"text":"70041334 - 2010 - Infrasonic harmonic tremor and degassing bursts from Halema'uma'u Crater, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-14T13:42:37","indexId":"70041334","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infrasonic harmonic tremor and degassing bursts from Halema'uma'u Crater, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The formation, evolution, collapse, and subsequent resurrection of a vent within Halema'uma'u Crater, Kilauea Volcano, produced energetic and varied degassing signals recorded by a nearby infrasound array between 2008 and early 2009. After 25 years of quiescence, a vent-clearing explosive burst on 19 March 2008 produced a clear, complex acoustic signal. Near-continuous harmonic infrasonic tremor followed this burst until 4 December 2008, when a period of decreased degassing occurred. The tremor spectra suggest volume oscillation and reverberation of a shallow gas-filled cavity beneath the vent. The dominant tremor peak can be sustained through Helmholtz oscillations of the cavity, while the secondary tremor peak and overtones are interpreted assuming acoustic resonance. The dominant tremor frequency matches the oscillation frequency of the gas emanating from the vent observed by video. Tremor spectra and power are also correlated with cavity geometry and dynamics, with the cavity depth estimated at ~219 m and volume ~3 x 106 m3 in November 2008. Over 21 varied degassing bursts were observed with extended burst durations and frequency content consistent with a transient release of gas exciting the cavity into resonance. Correlation of infrasound with seismicity suggests an open system connecting the atmosphere to the seismic excitation process at depth. Numerous degassing bursts produced very long period (0.03-0.1 Hz) infrasound, the first recorded at Kilauea, indicative of long-duration atmospheric accelerations. Kilauea infrasound appears controlled by the exsolution of gas from the magma, and the interaction of this gas with the conduits and cavities confining it.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007642","usgsCitation":"Fee, D., Garces, M., Patrick, M., Chouet, B., Dawson, P., and Swanson, D., 2010, Infrasonic harmonic tremor and degassing bursts from Halema'uma'u Crater, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 115, 15 p.; B11316, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007642.","productDescription":"15 p.; B11316","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-023579","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264050,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007642"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.3,19.3 ], [ -155.3,19.5 ], [ -155.0,19.5 ], [ -155.0,19.3 ], [ -155.3,19.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc58f4e4b00ab7c548c6b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fee, David","contributorId":77761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fee","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garces, Milton","contributorId":101166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garces","given":"Milton","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patrick, Matt","contributorId":69033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chouet, Bernard","contributorId":65485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dawson, Phil","contributorId":18647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":3137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70007220,"text":"ofr20101093 - 2010 - Whole-rock analyses of core samples from the 1988 drilling of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"ofr20101093","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1093","title":"Whole-rock analyses of core samples from the 1988 drilling of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","docAbstract":"This report presents and evaluates 64 major-element analyses of previously unanalyzed Kilauea Iki drill core, plus three samples from the 1959 and 1960 eruptions of Kilauea, obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis during the period 1992 to 1995. All earlier major-element analyses of Kilauea Iki core, obtained by classical (gravimetric) analysis, were reported and evaluated in Helz and others (1994). In order to assess how well the newer data compare with this earlier suite of analyses, a subset of 24 samples, which had been analyzed by classical analysis, was reanalyzed using the XRF technique; those results are presented and evaluated in this report also. The XRF analyses have not been published previously. This report also provides an overview of how the chemical variations observed in these new data fit in with the chemical zonation patterns and petrologic processes inferred in earlier studies of Kilauea Iki.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101093","usgsCitation":"Helz, R.T., and Taggart, J.E., 2010, Whole-rock analyses of core samples from the 1988 drilling of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1093, iv, 29 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101093.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.; Tables","temporalStart":"1988-01-01","temporalEnd":"1988-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1093.jpg"},{"id":115704,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Iki Lava Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd08de4b08c986b32ef0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":85587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind","email":"","middleInitial":"Tuthill","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taggart, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":66317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041340,"text":"70041340 - 2010 - Slow slip event at Kilauea Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T10:02:30","indexId":"70041340","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slow slip event at Kilauea Volcano","docAbstract":"Early in the morning of 1 February 2010 (UTC; early afternoon 31 January 2010 local time), continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) and tilt instruments detected a slow slip event (SSE) on the south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. The SSE lasted at least 36 hours and resulted in a maximum of about 3 centimeters of seaward displacement. About 10 hours after the start of the slip, a flurry of small earthquakes began (Figure 1) in an area of the south flank recognized as having been seismically active during past SSEs [Wolfe et al., 2007], suggesting that the February earthquakes were triggered by stress associated with slip [Segall et al., 2006].","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010EO130002","usgsCitation":"Poland, M., Miklius, A., Wilson, J.D., Okubo, P.G., Montgomery-Brown, E., Segall, P., Brooks, B., Foster, J., Wolfe, C., Syracuse, E., and Thurbe, C., 2010, Slow slip event at Kilauea Volcano: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 91, no. 13, p. 118-118, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010EO130002.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"118","ipdsId":"IP-020267","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263706,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010EO130002"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.056854 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"91","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfbdd2e4b01744973f7833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, J. David","contributorId":58912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Montgomery-Brown, Emily","contributorId":58913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery-Brown","given":"Emily","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Segall, Paul","contributorId":75942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segall","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brooks, Benjamin","contributorId":23403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Foster, James","contributorId":38598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wolfe, Cecily","contributorId":15901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Cecily","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Syracuse, Ellen","contributorId":80983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syracuse","given":"Ellen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Thurbe, Clifford","contributorId":56123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurbe","given":"Clifford","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70198320,"text":"70198320 - 2010 - High‐resolution locations of triggered earthquakes and tomographic imaging of Kilauea Volcano's south flank","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-21T10:05:50","indexId":"70198320","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-26T10:16:11","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"subseriesTitle":"Seismology","title":"High‐resolution locations of triggered earthquakes and tomographic imaging of Kilauea Volcano's south flank","docAbstract":"The spatiotemporal patterns of seismicity beneath Kilauea's south flank give insight to the structure and geometry of the decollement on which large, tsunamigenic earthquakes have occurred, and its relation to slow slip events (SSEs), which have been observed every 1 to 2 years since 1997. In order to record earthquakes triggered by a SSE that was predicted to occur in March 2007, a temporary network of 20 seismometers was deployed on Kilauea's south flank, termed the SEQ network. While the SSE did not occur until 17 June 2007, theSEQ network recorded over 3000 earthquakes, including those triggered by the SSE. We relocate hypocenters of volcano‐tectonic earthquakes and invert for P and S wave velocity structure using waveform cross‐correlation and double‐difference tomography using data from the SEQ network and the permanent Hawaii Volcano Observatory network (HVO) data, with additional data from other previous temporary arrays. The best‐constrained hypocenters, recorded by both the SEQ and HVO networks, indicate the decollement as a subhorizontal layer of seismicity at 8 km depth less than 1 km thick in most areas, with the western portion of the decollement dipping to the southeast. The seismicity triggered by the June 2007 SSE includes over 400 earthquakes overlapping with the southern edge of the decollement seismicity. A shallower swarm of earthquakes also occurred between 2 and 7 km depth in April 2007 near Apua Point, and may have been indirectly triggered by the Mw 8.1 Solomon Islands earthquake at ∼6000 km distance, which occurred 48 h prior to the beginning of the swarm.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007554","usgsCitation":"Syracuse, E.M., Thurber, C.H., Wolfe, C.J., Okubo, P.G., Foster, J.H., and Brooks, B.A., 2010, High‐resolution locations of triggered earthquakes and tomographic imaging of Kilauea Volcano's south flank: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 115, no. B10, B10310, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007554.","productDescription":"B10310, 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.5938720703125,\n 18.92187618976372\n ],\n [\n -155.3082275390625,\n 19.160735484156255\n ],\n [\n -154.7479248046875,\n 19.331878440818787\n ],\n [\n -154.7149658203125,\n 19.54943746814108\n ],\n [\n -155.1983642578125,\n 19.564966221479995\n ],\n [\n -155.3631591796875,\n 19.580493479202527\n ],\n [\n -155.6158447265625,\n 19.48730751856426\n ],\n [\n -155.6817626953125,\n 19.088075584093136\n ],\n [\n -155.5938720703125,\n 18.92187618976372\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b6d5e4b0702d0e844cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Syracuse, Ellen M.","contributorId":150501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Syracuse","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurber, Clifford H. 0000-0002-4940-4618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-4618","contributorId":73184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurber","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, Cecily J. 0000-0003-3144-5697 cwolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-5697","contributorId":191613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Cecily","email":"cwolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foster, James H.","contributorId":107993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, Benjamin A. 0000-0001-7954-6281 bbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-6281","contributorId":5237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98720,"text":"tm13A1 - 2010 - MATLAB tools for improved characterization and quantification of volcanic incandescence in Webcam imagery: Applications at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-09T21:48:27.001505","indexId":"tm13A1","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"13-A1","displayTitle":"MATLAB Tools for Improved Characterization and Quantification of Volcanic Incandescence in Webcam Imagery: Applications at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","title":"MATLAB tools for improved characterization and quantification of volcanic incandescence in Webcam imagery: Applications at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Webcams are now standard tools for volcano monitoring and are used at observatories in Alaska, the Cascades, Kamchatka, Hawai‘i, Italy, and Japan, among other locations. Webcam images allow invaluable documentation of activity and provide a powerful comparative tool for interpreting other monitoring datastreams, such as seismicity and deformation. Automated image processing can improve the time efficiency and rigor of Webcam image interpretation, and potentially extract more information on eruptive activity. For instance, Lovick and others (2008) provided a suite of processing tools that performed such tasks as noise reduction, eliminating uninteresting images from an image collection, and detecting incandescence, with an application to dome activity at Mount St. Helens during 2007.
In this paper, we present two very simple automated approaches for improved characterization and quantification of volcanic incandescence in Webcam images at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i. The techniques are implemented in MATLAB (version 2009b, ® The Mathworks, Inc.) to take advantage of the ease of matrix operations. Incandescence is a useful indictor of the location and extent of active lava flows and also a potentially powerful proxy for activity levels at open vents. We apply our techniques to a period covering both summit and east rift zone activity at Kīlauea during 2008–2009 and compare the results to complementary datasets (seismicity, tilt) to demonstrate their integrative potential. A great strength of this study is the demonstrated success of these tools in an operational setting at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) over the course of more than a year. Although applied only to Webcam images here, the techniques could be applied to any type of sequential images, such as time-lapse photography.
We expect that these tools are applicable to many other volcano monitoring scenarios, and the two MATLAB scripts, as they are implemented at HVO, are included in the appendixes. These scripts would require minor to moderate modifications for use elsewhere, primarily to customize directory navigation. If the user has some familiarity with MATLAB, or programming in general, these modifications should be easy. Although we originally anticipated needing the Image Processing Toolbox, the scripts in the appendixes do not require it. Thus, only the base installation of MATLAB is needed. Because fairly basic MATLAB functions are used, we expect that the script can be run successfully by versions earlier than 2009b.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A, Methods Used in Volcano Monitoring of Book 13, Volcano Monitoring","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm13A1","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., Kauahikaua, J.P., and Antolik, L., 2010, MATLAB tools for improved characterization and quantification of volcanic incandescence in Webcam imagery: Applications at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 13-A1, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm13A1.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424240,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94259.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14128,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm13a1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115963,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_13_a1.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.30118026740482,\n 19.454395132046088\n ],\n [\n -155.30118026740482,\n 19.352844813557866\n ],\n [\n -154.99507230545026,\n 19.352844813557866\n ],\n [\n -154.99507230545026,\n 19.454395132046088\n ],\n [\n -155.30118026740482,\n 19.454395132046088\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648ba9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antolik, Loren lantolik@usgs.gov","contributorId":4144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antolik","given":"Loren","email":"lantolik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198306,"text":"70198306 - 2010 - Seismic source mechanism of degassing bursts at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Results from waveform inversion in the 10–50 s band","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-21T09:14:51","indexId":"70198306","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-21T07:53:58","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"subseriesTitle":"Seismology","title":"Seismic source mechanism of degassing bursts at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Results from waveform inversion in the 10–50 s band","docAbstract":"The current (March 2008 to February 2009) summit eruptive activity at Kilauea Volcano is characterized by explosive degassing bursts accompanied by very long period (VLP) seismic signals. We model the source mechanisms of VLP signals in the 10–50 s band using data recorded for 15 bursts with a 10‐station broadband network deployed in the summit caldera. To determine the source centroid location and source mechanism, we minimize the residual error between data and synthetics calculated by the finite difference method for a point source embedded in a homogeneous medium that takes topography into account. The VLP signals associated with the bursts originate in a source region ∼1 km below the eastern perimeter of Halemaumau pit crater. The observed waveforms are well explained by the combination of a volumetric component and a vertical single force component. For the volumetric component, several source geometries are obtained which equally explain the observed waveforms. These geometries include (1) a pipe dipping 64° to the northeast; (2) two intersecting cracks including an east striking crack (dike) dipping 80° to the north, intersecting a north striking crack (another dike) dipping 65° to the east; (3) a pipe dipping 58° to the northeast, intersecting a crack dipping 48° to the west–southwest; and (4) a pipe dipping 57° to the northeast, intersecting a pipe dipping 58° to the west–southwest. Using the dual‐crack model as reference, the largest volume change obtained among the 15 bursts is ∼24,400 m3, and the maximum amplitude (peak to peak) of the force is ∼20 GN. Each burst is marked by a similar sequence of deflation and inflation, trailed by decaying oscillations of the volumetric source. The vertical force is initially upward, synchronous with source deflation, then downward, synchronous with source reinflation, followed by oscillations with polarity opposite to the volumetric oscillations. This combination of force and volume change is attributed to pressure and momentum changes induced during a fluid dynamic source mechanism involving the ascent, expansion, and burst of a large slug of gas within the upper ∼150 m of the magma conduit. As the slug expands upon approach to the surface and more liquid becomes wall supported by viscous shear forces, the pressure below the slug decreases, inducing conduit deflation and an upward force on the Earth. The final rapid slug expansion and burst stimulate VLP and LP oscillations of the conduit system, which slowly decay due to viscous dissipation and elastic radiation. Consideration of the fluid dynamic arguments leads us to prefer the dual‐crack VLP source model as it is the only candidate model capable of producing plausible values of length scales and pressure changes. The magnitudes of the vertical forces observed in the 15 bursts appear consistent with slug masses of 104 to 106 kg.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2009JB006661","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B.A., Dawson, P.B., James, M.R., and Lane, S., 2010, Seismic source mechanism of degassing bursts at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Results from waveform inversion in the 10–50 s band: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 115, no. B9, B09311, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006661.","productDescription":"B09311, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006661","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.5938720703125,\n 18.92187618976372\n ],\n [\n -155.3082275390625,\n 19.160735484156255\n ],\n [\n -154.7479248046875,\n 19.331878440818787\n ],\n [\n -154.7149658203125,\n 19.54943746814108\n ],\n [\n -155.1983642578125,\n 19.564966221479995\n ],\n [\n -155.3631591796875,\n 19.580493479202527\n ],\n [\n -155.6158447265625,\n 19.48730751856426\n ],\n [\n -155.6817626953125,\n 19.088075584093136\n ],\n [\n -155.5938720703125,\n 18.92187618976372\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b70ce4b0702d0e844d54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"James, Mike R.","contributorId":199802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13133,"text":"Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, S.J.","contributorId":28771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70074637,"text":"70074637 - 2010 - Monitoring very-long-period seismicity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-31T09:45:38","indexId":"70074637","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T09:39:32","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring very-long-period seismicity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"On 19 March, 2008 eruptive activity returned to the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii with the formation of a new vent within the Halemaumau pit crater. The new vent has been gradually increasing in size, and exhibiting sustained degassing and the episodic bursting of gas slugs at the surface of a lava pond ∼200 m below the floor of Halemaumau. The spectral characteristics, source location obtained by radial semblance, and Hidden Markov Model pattern recognition of the degassing burst signals are consistent with an increase in gas content in the magma transport system beginning in October, 2007. This increase plateaus between March – September 2008, and exhibits a fluctuating pattern until 31 January, 2010, suggesting that the release of gas is slowly diminishing over time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010GL044418","usgsCitation":"Dawson, P.B., Benitez, M.C., Chouet, B.A., Wilson, D., and Okubo, P.G., 2010, Monitoring very-long-period seismicity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 37, no. 18, L18306, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044418.","productDescription":"L18306, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-023172","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281795,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044418"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.062,18.9108 ], [ -156.062,20.2686 ], [ -154.8065,20.2686 ], [ -154.8065,18.9108 ], [ -156.062,18.9108 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"37","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6829e4b0b29085101db6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benitez, M. C.","contributorId":65381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benitez","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, David","contributorId":82048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70046831,"text":"70046831 - 2010 - Geodetic evidence for en echelon dike emplacement and concurrent slow slip during the June 2007 intrusion and eruption at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T15:15:21.26287","indexId":"70046831","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-13T16:28:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7514,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Geodetic evidence for en echelon dike emplacement and concurrent slow slip during the June 2007 intrusion and eruption at Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii","title":"Geodetic evidence for en echelon dike emplacement and concurrent slow slip during the June 2007 intrusion and eruption at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A series of complex events at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, 17 June to 19 June 2007, began with an intrusion in the upper east rift zone (ERZ) and culminated with a small eruption (1500 m3). Surface deformation due to the intrusion was recorded in unprecedented detail by Global Positioning System (GPS) and tilt networks as well as interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data acquired by the ENVISAT and ALOS satellites. A joint nonlinear inversion of GPS, tilt, and InSAR data yields a deflationary source beneath the summit caldera and an ENE-striking uniform-opening dislocation with ~2 m opening, a dip of ∼80° to the south, and extending from the surface to ~2 km depth. This simple model reasonably fits the overall pattern of deformation but significantly misfits data near the western end of an inferred dike-like source. Three more complex dike models are tested that allow for distributed opening including (1) a dike that follows the surface trace of the active rift zone, (2) a dike that follows the symmetry axis of InSAR deformation, and (3) two en echelon dike segments beneath mapped surface cracks and newly formed steaming areas. The en echelon dike model best fits near-field GPS and tilt data. Maximum opening of 2.4 m occurred on the eastern segment beneath the eruptive vent. Although this model represents the best fit to the ERZ data, it still fails to explain data from a coastal tiltmeter and GPS sites on Kīlauea's southwestern flank. The southwest flank GPS sites and the coastal tiltmeter exhibit deformation consistent with observations of previous slow slip events beneath Kīlauea's south flank, but inconsistent with observations of previous intrusions. Slow slip events at Kīlauea and elsewhere are thought to occur in a transition zone between locked and stably sliding zones of a fault. An inversion including slip on a basal decollement improves fit to these data and suggests a maximum of ~15 cm of seaward fault motion, comparable to previous slow-slip events.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009JB006658","usgsCitation":"Montgomery-Brown, E., Sinnett, D.K., Poland, M., Segall, P., Orr, T., Zebker, H., and Mikijus, A., 2010, Geodetic evidence for en echelon dike emplacement and concurrent slow slip during the June 2007 intrusion and eruption at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, v. 115, no. B7, B07405, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006658.","productDescription":"B07405, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-016100","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006658","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.05835 ], [ -155.798371,19.54759 ], [ -155.016307,19.54759 ], [ -155.016307,19.05835 ], [ -155.798371,19.05835 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e519ebe4b069f8d27ccafa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery-Brown, E. K.","contributorId":81722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery-Brown","given":"E. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinnett, D. K.","contributorId":16680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sinnett","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael 0000-0001-5240-6123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":49920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. 0000-0003-1157-7588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588","contributorId":26365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zebker, H.","contributorId":25276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zebker","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70198317,"text":"70198317 - 2010 - Enhancement of the volcanogenic \"bromine explosion\" via reactive nitrogen chemistry (Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T09:36:02","indexId":"70198317","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-20T09:43:41","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":923,"text":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancement of the volcanogenic \"bromine explosion\" via reactive nitrogen chemistry (Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i)","docAbstract":"Since the first detection of bromine monoxide in volcanic plumes attention has focused on the atmospheric synthesis and impact of volcanogenic reactive halogens. We report here new measurements of BrO in the volcanic plume emitted from Kīlauea volcano – the first time reactive halogens have been observed in emissions from a hotspot volcano. Observations were carried out by ground-based Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy in 2007 and 2008 at Pu'u'O'o crater, and at the 2008 magmatic vent that opened within Halema'uma'u crater. BrO was readily detected in the Halema'uma'u plume (average column amount of 3×1015 molec cm−2) and its abundance was strongly correlated with that of SO2. However, anticorrelation between NO2 and SO2 (and BrO) abundances in the same plume strongly suggest an active role of NOx in reactive halogen chemistry. The calculated SO2/BrO molar ratio of ~1600 is comparable to observations at other volcanoes, although the BrO mixing ratio is roughly double that observed elsewhere. While BrO was not observed in the Pu'u'O'o plume this was probably merely a result of the detection limit of our measurements and based on understanding of the Summit and East Rift magmatic system we expect reactive halogens to be formed also in the Pu'u'O'o emissions. If this is correct then based on the long term SO2 flux from Pu'u'O'o we calculate that Kīlauea emits ~480 Mg yr−1 of reactive bromine and may thus represent an important source to the tropical Pacific troposphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"EGU","doi":"10.5194/acpd-10-10313-2010","usgsCitation":"Salerno, G.G., Oppenheimer, C., Tsanev, V., Sutton, A., Roberts, T., and Elias, T., 2010, Enhancement of the volcanogenic \"bromine explosion\" via reactive nitrogen chemistry (Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i): Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, v. 10, p. 10313-10334, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-10313-2010.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"10313","endPage":"10334","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-10313-2010","text":"External Repository"},{"id":356047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.3528594970703,\n 19.329286698998818\n ],\n [\n -155.17501831054688,\n 19.329286698998818\n ],\n [\n -155.17501831054688,\n 19.46400263520258\n ],\n [\n -155.3528594970703,\n 19.46400263520258\n ],\n [\n -155.3528594970703,\n 19.329286698998818\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b794e4b0702d0e844eb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salerno, G. G.","contributorId":206547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salerno","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oppenheimer, C.","contributorId":69767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tsanev, V.","contributorId":40417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsanev","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutton, A.J. ajsutton@usgs.gov","contributorId":3584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.J.","email":"ajsutton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roberts, T.J.","contributorId":198344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Elias, T. 0000-0002-9592-4518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":71195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70198308,"text":"70198308 - 2010 - Source materials for inception stage Hawaiian magmas: Pb‐He isotope variations for early Kilauea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T09:33:51","indexId":"70198308","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-11T08:19:48","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source materials for inception stage Hawaiian magmas: Pb‐He isotope variations for early Kilauea","docAbstract":"New noble gas and radiogenic isotopic compositions are presented for tholeiitic, transitional, and alkalic rocks from the submarine Hilina region on the south flank of Kilauea, Hawaii. The 3He/4He ratios for undegassed glass and olivine separates (11–26 Ra) contrast with those of postshield and rejuvenated alkalic lavas, consistent with the alkalic and transitional basalts at Hilina corresponding to early Kilauea magmas. Most early Kilauea samples contain highly radiogenic Pb isotopes compared with other Hawaiian rocks and therefore derive from a Hawaiian plume end‐member source (here referred to as the Hilina component) distinctive in that respect. Besides radiogenic Pb isotopes, the Hilina component has relatively low 3He/4He (<12 Ra) among the Hawaiian magmas. Hawaiian inception stage magmas, including Hilina, Loihi, and deep Hana Ridge (east Maui), define a linear array in 206Pb/204Pb‐3He/4He isotope space, indicating that mixing between the Hilina and Loihi components (or their melts) dominates magmatism at the leading edge of the Hawaiian plume. The Hilina component's isotopic characteristics can be derived from young subduction‐recycled crust or metasomatised mantle. The isotopic differences between the geographically discriminated Kea and Loa trend volcanic chains, observed in shield stage lavas, are also seen in the inception stage magmas, suggesting that proportions of melts derived from the Hilina and Loihi components were different between the Kea and Loa trend volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2009GC002760","usgsCitation":"Hanyu, T., Kimura, J., Katakuse, M., Calvert, A.T., Sisson, T.W., and Nakai, S., 2010, Source materials for inception stage Hawaiian magmas: Pb‐He isotope variations for early Kilauea: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 11, no. 3, Q0AC01; 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002760.","productDescription":"Q0AC01; 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gc002760","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.29483795166016,\n 19.392448679313798\n ],\n [\n -155.29483795166016,\n 19.43842814442463\n ],\n [\n -155.2371597290039,\n 19.43842814442463\n ],\n [\n -155.2371597290039,\n 19.392448679313798\n ],\n [\n -155.29483795166016,\n 19.392448679313798\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b7afe4b0702d0e844f05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanyu, Takeshi","contributorId":206542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanyu","given":"Takeshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimura, Jun-Ichi","contributorId":77719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimura","given":"Jun-Ichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katakuse, Maiko","contributorId":206543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katakuse","given":"Maiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nakai, Shun’ichi","contributorId":206544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakai","given":"Shun’ichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040384,"text":"70040384 - 2010 - Status and trends of native birds in the Keauhou and Kilauea forest, Hawai`i Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T11:09:36.708732","indexId":"70040384","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-016","title":"Status and trends of native birds in the Keauhou and Kilauea forest, Hawai`i Island","docAbstract":"A Safe Harbor Agreement (SHA) is a voluntary arrangement between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and non-Federal landowners to promote the protection, conservation, and recovery of listed species without imposing further land use restrictions on the landowners. Kamehameha Schools is considering entering into a SHA for their Keauhou and Kīlauea Forest lands on the island of Hawai′i. Bird surveys were conducted in 2008 to determine the current occurrence and density of listed species for the Keauhou and Kīlauea Forest, a prerequisite for establishing an agreement. Because of different management practices in the proposed SHA area we stratified the survey data into intact and altered forest strata. The listed passerines—′Akiapōlā′au (Hemignathus munroi), Hawai′i Creeper (Oreomystis mana), and Hawai′i ′Ākepa (Loxops coccineus)—occur in both strata but at low densities. The endangered ′Io (Hawaiian Hawk; Buteo solitarius) also occurs within both strata at low densities. This report was prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Kamehameha Schools to provide information they can use to establish baseline levels for the SHA. In addition, we describe the status and trends of the non-listed native birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Camp, R.J., Jacobi, J.D., Pratt, T.K., Gorresen, P.M., and Rubenstein, T., 2010, Status and trends of native birds in the Keauhou and Kilauea forest, Hawai`i Island: Technical Report HCSU-016, v, 37 p.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013426","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10790/2697"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.26428222656247,\n 19.464650038331957\n ],\n [\n -155.22994995117188,\n 19.46659223220761\n ],\n [\n -155.22857666015625,\n 19.43616185591159\n ],\n [\n -155.26359558105466,\n 19.433571773164164\n ],\n [\n -155.26428222656247,\n 19.464650038331957\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.9680938720703,\n 19.577905706819973\n ],\n [\n -155.95436096191406,\n 19.57871439015505\n ],\n [\n -155.94938278198242,\n 19.55073158801923\n ],\n [\n -155.9641456604004,\n 19.551702171116087\n ],\n [\n -155.9680938720703,\n 19.577905706819973\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57973831e4b021cadec8ff53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camp, Richard J. 0000-0001-7008-923X rick_camp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-923X","contributorId":116175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard","email":"rick_camp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobi, James D. 0000-0003-2313-7862 jjacobi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-7862","contributorId":3705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"James","email":"jjacobi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pratt, Thane K. tkpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thane","email":"tkpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gorresen, P. Marcos mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marcos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rubenstein, Tanya tanya_rubenstein@contractor.nps.gov","contributorId":116341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubenstein","given":"Tanya","email":"tanya_rubenstein@contractor.nps.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037595,"text":"70037595 - 2010 - Shallow magma accumulation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, revealed by microgravity surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T14:48:06","indexId":"70037595","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow magma accumulation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, revealed by microgravity surveys","docAbstract":"Using microgravity data collected at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i (United States), between November 1975 and January 2008, we document significant mass increase beneath the east margin of Halema‘uma‘u Crater, within Kīlauea's summit caldera. Surprisingly, there was no sustained uplift accompanying the mass accumulation. We propose that the positive gravity residual in the absence of significant uplift is indicative of magma accumulation in void space (probably a network of interconnected cracks), which may have been created when magma withdrew from the summit in response to the 29 November 1975 M = 7.2 south flank earthquake. Subsequent refilling documented by gravity represents a gradual recovery from that earthquake. A new eruptive vent opened at the summit of Kīlauea in 2008 within a few hundred meters of the positive gravity residual maximum, probably tapping the reservoir that had been accumulating magma since the 1975 earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G31323.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D., Eggers, A.A., Bagnardi, M., Battaglia, M., Poland, M., and Miklius, A., 2010, Shallow magma accumulation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, revealed by microgravity surveys: Geology, v. 38, no. 12, p. 1139-1142, https://doi.org/10.1130/G31323.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1139","endPage":"1142","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217989,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G31323.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.29037475585938,\n 19.25216359015986\n ],\n [\n -155.25466918945312,\n 19.25929414046391\n ],\n [\n -155.24574279785156,\n 19.25929414046391\n ],\n [\n -155.21896362304688,\n 19.24957058592488\n ],\n [\n -155.19287109375,\n 19.24632927300332\n ],\n [\n -155.1393127441406,\n 19.26123878219602\n ],\n [\n -155.10635375976562,\n 19.283924564443133\n ],\n [\n -155.05760192871094,\n 19.30660720441715\n ],\n [\n -155.00885009765625,\n 19.326046963894623\n ],\n [\n -155.02120971679688,\n 19.362976133341846\n ],\n [\n -155.0335693359375,\n 19.385647795879144\n ],\n [\n -155.05966186523438,\n 19.405725775580528\n ],\n [\n -155.11734008789062,\n 19.44393185624604\n ],\n [\n -155.21827697753906,\n 19.41867799583191\n ],\n [\n -155.22720336914062,\n 19.41414483611448\n ],\n [\n -155.26634216308594,\n 19.35714576748661\n ],\n [\n -155.28488159179688,\n 19.31308738110667\n ],\n [\n -155.29861450195312,\n 19.270961644869896\n ],\n [\n -155.29037475585938,\n 19.25216359015986\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e32e4b08c986b3187b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Daniel J.","contributorId":71970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eggers, Albert A.","contributorId":9552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggers","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bagnardi, Marco","contributorId":62106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagnardi","given":"Marco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio","contributorId":32602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037078,"text":"70037078 - 2010 - Silica in a Mars analog environment: Ka u Desert, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70037078","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Silica in a Mars analog environment: Ka u Desert, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Airborne Visible/Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data acquired over the Ka u Desert are atmospherically corrected to ground reflectance and used to identify the mineralogic components of relatively young basaltic materials, including 250-700 and 200-400 year old lava flows, 1971 and 1974 flows, ash deposits, and solfatara incrustations. To provide context, a geologic surface units map is constructed, verified with field observations, and supported by laboratory analyses. AVIRIS spectral endmembers are identified in the visible (0.4 to 1.2 ??m) and short wave infrared (2.0 to 2.5 ??m) wavelength ranges. Nearly all the spectral variability is controlled by the presence of ferrous and ferric iron in such minerals as pyroxene, olivine, hematite, goethite, and poorly crystalline iron oxides or glass. A broad, nearly ubiquitous absorption feature centered at 2.25 ??m is attributed to opaline (amorphous, hydrated) silica and is found to correlate spatially with mapped geologic surface units. Laboratory analyses show the silica to be consistently present as a deposited phase, including incrustations downwind from solfatara vents, cementing agent for ash duricrusts, and thin coatings on the youngest lava flow surfaces. A second, Ti-rich upper coating on young flows also influences spectral behavior. This study demonstrates that secondary silica is mobile in the Ka u Desert on a variety of time scales and spatial domains. The investigation from remote, field, and laboratory perspectives also mimics exploration of Mars using orbital and landed missions, with important implications for spectral characterization of coated basalts and formation of opaline silica in arid, acidic alteration environments. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009JE003347","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Seelos, K., Arvidson, R., Jolliff, B., Chemtob, S., Morris, R., Ming, D.W., and Swayze, G., 2010, Silica in a Mars analog environment: Ka u Desert, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 115, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003347.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475821,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009je003347","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216990,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003347"},{"id":244897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f32e4b08c986b318da3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seelos, K.D.","contributorId":73849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelos","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jolliff, B.L.","contributorId":21268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chemtob, S.M.","contributorId":38435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chemtob","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ming, D. W.","contributorId":96811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Swayze, G.A. 0000-0002-1814-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":21570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":97715,"text":"ofr20091134 - 2009 - Catalog of Tephra samples from Kilauea's summit eruption, March-December 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T10:28:22","indexId":"ofr20091134","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1134","title":"Catalog of Tephra samples from Kilauea's summit eruption, March-December 2008","docAbstract":"The opening of a new vent within Halema'uma'u Crater in March 2008 ended a 26-year period of no eruptive activity at the summit of Kilauea Volcano. It also heralded the first explosive activity at Kilauea's summit since 1924 and the first of eight discrete explosive events in 2008. At the onset of the eruption, the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) initiated a rigorous program of sample collection to provide a temporally constrained suite of tephra samples for petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic studies. Petrologic studies help us understand conditions of magma generation at depth; processes related to transport, storage, and mixing of magma within the shallow summit region; and specific circumstances leading to explosive eruptions.\r\n\r\nThis report provides a catalog of tephra samples erupted at Kilauea's summit from March 19, 2008, through the end of 2008. The Kilauea 2008 Summit Sample Catalog is tabulated in the accompanying Microsoft Excel file, of2009-1134.xls (four file types linked on right). The worksheet in this file provides sampling information and sample descriptions. Contextual information for this catalog is provided below and includes (1) a narrative of 2008 summit eruptive activity, (2) a description of sample collection methods, (3) a scheme for characterizing a diverse range in tephra lithology, and (4) an explanation of each category of sample information (column headers) in the Microsoft Excel worksheet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091134","usgsCitation":"Wooten, K., Thornber, C.R., Orr, T., Ellis, J.F., and Trusdell, F., 2009, Catalog of Tephra samples from Kilauea's summit eruption, March-December 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1134, Report: iii, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091134.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"29","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-03-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":616,"text":"Volcano Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1134.jpg"},{"id":12881,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.423583984375,\n 19.2489223284628\n ],\n [\n -155.115966796875,\n 19.2489223284628\n ],\n [\n -155.115966796875,\n 19.427743935948932\n ],\n [\n -155.423583984375,\n 19.427743935948932\n ],\n [\n -155.423583984375,\n 19.2489223284628\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6fc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wooten, Kelly M.","contributorId":76838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooten","given":"Kelly M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thornber, Carl R. cthornber@usgs.gov","contributorId":2016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"Carl","email":"cthornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orr, Tim R.","contributorId":86859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellis, Jennifer F.","contributorId":57175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198248,"text":"70198248 - 2009 - New and revised 14C dates for Hawaiian surface lava flows: Paleomagnetic and geomagnetic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T08:54:22","indexId":"70198248","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"subseriesTitle":"Solid Earth","title":"New and revised 14C dates for Hawaiian surface lava flows: Paleomagnetic and geomagnetic implications","docAbstract":"Radiocarbon dates have been obtained for 30 charcoal samples corresponding to 27 surface lava flows from the Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes on the Island of Hawaii. The submitted charcoal was a mixture of fresh and archived material. Preparation and analysis was undertaken at the NERC Radiocarbon Laboratory in Glasgow, Scotland, and the associated SUERC Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility. The resulting dates range from 390 years B.P. to 12,910 years B.P. with corresponding error bars an order of magnitude smaller than previously obtained using the gas‐counting method. The new and revised 14C data set can aid hazard and risk assessment on the island. The data presented here also have implications for geomagnetic modelling, which at present is limited by large dating errors.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2009GL037792","usgsCitation":"Pressling, N., Trusdell, F., and Gubbins, D., 2009, New and revised 14C dates for Hawaiian surface lava flows: Paleomagnetic and geomagnetic implications: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, no. 11, L11306; 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL037792.","productDescription":"L11306; 5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl037792","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":355905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.51123046874997,\n 18.760712758499565\n ],\n [\n -154.566650390625,\n 18.760712758499565\n ],\n [\n -154.566650390625,\n 20.416716988945712\n ],\n [\n -156.51123046874997,\n 20.416716988945712\n ],\n [\n -156.51123046874997,\n 18.760712758499565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b9d4e4b0702d0e84523c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pressling, Nicola","contributorId":43963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pressling","given":"Nicola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gubbins, David","contributorId":72998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gubbins","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198243,"text":"70198243 - 2009 - Kilauea slow slip events: Identification, source inversions, and relation to seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T11:06:41","indexId":"70198243","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"subseriesTitle":"Seismology","title":"Kilauea slow slip events: Identification, source inversions, and relation to seismicity","docAbstract":"Several slow slip events beneath the south flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, have been inferred from transient displacements in daily GPS positions. To search for smaller events that may be close to the noise level in the GPS time series, we compare displacement fields on Kilauea's south flank with displacement patterns in previously identified slow slip events. Matching displacement patterns are found for several new candidate events, although displacements are much smaller than previously identified events. One of the candidates, 29 May 2000, is coincident with a microearthquake swarm, as are all of the previously identified slow slip events. The microearthquakes follow the onset of slow slip, implying that they are triggered by stress changes during slip. The new slow slip event brings the total number of events on Kilauea, between 1997 and 2007, to eight, the smallest having MW = 5.3, and the largest having MW = 6.0. While the recurrence time between the four largest events is 2.11 ± 0.01 years, the repeat time for all eight events is 0.9 ± 0.6 years. We invert for the fault geometry and distribution of slip during the slow slip events. The optimal source depths of 5 km, assuming uniform slip dislocations in an elastic half‐space, are considerably shallower than the accompanying swarm earthquakes (6.5–8.5 km), which would place the earthquakes in a zone of decreased Coulomb stress. Inversions including the effects of topography and layered elastic structure in the forward models favor depths comparable to microearthquake depths, such that the earthquakes are located in a region of increased Coulomb stress. We also invert for time‐dependent fault slip directly from the 30 s GPS phase observations, constraining the source to the optimal uniform slip geometry. On the basis of these inversions, the larger events last between 1.5–2.2 days. The data are unable to resolve migration of slip along the fault. The temporal pattern of accompanying microearthquakes is consistent with the fault slip history assuming a seismicity rate theory based on rate and state‐friction, making the swarm earthquakes coshocks and aftershocks of the slow slip events.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JB006074","usgsCitation":"Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Segall, P., and Miklius, A., 2009, Kilauea slow slip events: Identification, source inversions, and relation to seismicity: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. B6, B00A03; 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006074.","productDescription":"B00A03; 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.457.8252","text":"External Repository"},{"id":355906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.51123046874997,\n 18.760712758499565\n ],\n [\n -154.566650390625,\n 18.760712758499565\n ],\n [\n -154.566650390625,\n 20.416716988945712\n ],\n [\n -156.51123046874997,\n 20.416716988945712\n ],\n [\n -156.51123046874997,\n 18.760712758499565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b9d5e4b0702d0e84523e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery-Brown, Emily K. emontgomery-brown@usgs.gov","contributorId":5300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery-Brown","given":"Emily","email":"emontgomery-brown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200730,"text":"70200730 - 2009 - Volcano monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T10:34:54","indexId":"70200730","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-30T10:22:10","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"12","title":"Volcano monitoring","docAbstract":"Volcanoes are not randomly distributed over the Earth's surface. Most are concentrated on the edges of continents, along island chains, or beneath the sea where they form long mountain ranges. More than half of the world's active volcanoes above sea level encircle the Pacific Ocean (see Fig. 1). The concept of plate tectonics explains the locations of volcanoes and their relationship to other large-scale geologic features. The Earth's surface is made up of a patchwork of about a dozen large plates and a number of smaller ones that move relative to one another at <1 cm to ~10 cm/yr (about the speed at which fingernails grow). These rigid plates, with average thickness of ~80 km, are separating, sliding past each other, or colliding on top of the Earth's hot, viscous interior. Volcanoes tend to form where plates collide or spread apart (Fig. 2) but can also grow in the middle of a plate, like the Hawaiian volcanoes (Fig. 3).
Of the more than 1,500 volcanoes worldwide believed to have been active in the past 10,000 years, 169 are in the United States and its territories (Ewert et al., 2005) (see Fig. 4). As of spring 2007, two of these volcanoes, Kilauea and Mount St. Helens, are erupting, while several others, including Mauna Loa, Fourpeaked, Korovin, Veniaminof, and Anatahan, exhibit one or more signs of restlessness, such as anomalous earthquakes, deformation of the volcano's surface, or changes in volume and composition.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Monitoring","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.monitoring(12)","isbn":"9780813759432","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., Dehn, J., Hoblitt, R.P., Lahusen, R.G., Lowenstern, J.B., Moran, S.C., McClelland, L., McGee, K.A., Nathenson, M., Okubo, P.G., Pallister, J.S., Poland, M., Power, J.A., Schneider, D.J., and Sisson, T.W., 2009, Volcano monitoring, chap. 12 of Geological Monitoring, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.monitoring(12).","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science 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rhoblitt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"Richard","email":"rhoblitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":750275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lahusen, Richard G. rlahusen@usgs.gov","contributorId":535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahusen","given":"Richard","email":"rlahusen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McClelland, Lindsay","contributorId":51652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"Lindsay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGee, Kenneth A. kenmcgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Kenneth","email":"kenmcgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":750280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":750282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":750284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":750285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Schneider, David J. 0000-0001-9092-1054 djschneider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-1054","contributorId":633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"David","email":"djschneider@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":750286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70198268,"text":"70198268 - 2009 - Surface deformation analysis of the Mauna Loa and Kīlauea volcanoes, Hawai‘i, based on InSAR displacement time series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T11:03:22","indexId":"70198268","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Surface deformation analysis of the Mauna Loa and Kīlauea volcanoes, Hawai‘i, based on InSAR displacement time series","docAbstract":"We investigate the deformation of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes, Hawai`i, by exploiting the advanced differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) technique referred to as the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) algorithm. In particular, we present time series of line-of-sight (LOS) displacements derived from SAR data acquired by the ASAR instrument, on board the ENVISAT satellite, from the ascending (track 93) and descending (track 429) orbits between 2003 and 2008. For each coherent pixel of the radar images we compute time-dependent surface displacements as well as the average LOS deformation rate. Our results quantify, in space and time, the complex deformation of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes. The derived InSAR measurements are compared to continuous GPS data to asses the quality of the SBAS-InSAR products.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Conference Publications Program","conferenceTitle":"Second workshop on use of remote sensing techniques for monitoring volcanoes and seismogenic areas","conferenceDate":"November 11-14, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Naples, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740368","usgsCitation":"Casu, F., Solaro, G., Tizzani, P., Poland, M.P., Miklius, A., Sansosti, E., and Lanari, R., 2009, Surface deformation analysis of the Mauna Loa and Kīlauea volcanoes, Hawai‘i, based on InSAR displacement time series, in IEEE Conference Publications Program, Naples, Italy, November 11-14, 2008, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740368.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98ba2de4b0702d0e84532e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casu, F.","contributorId":104732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casu","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solaro, G.","contributorId":79730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solaro","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tizzani, Pietro","contributorId":106729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tizzani","given":"Pietro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sansosti, Eugenio","contributorId":206390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sansosti","given":"Eugenio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37323,"text":"IREA - CNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lanari, Riccardo","contributorId":40448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanari","given":"Riccardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70036597,"text":"70036597 - 2009 - Processes active in mafic magma chambers: The example of Kilauea Iki Lava Lake, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-16T10:20:29","indexId":"70036597","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes active in mafic magma chambers: The example of Kilauea Iki Lava Lake, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Kilauea Iki lava lake formed in 1959 as a closed chamber of 40 million m3 of picritic magma. Repeated drilling and sampling of the lake allows recognition of processes of magmatic differentiation, and places time restrictions on the periods when they operated. This paper focuses on evidence for the occurrence of lateral convection in the olivine-depleted layer, and constraints on the timing of this process, as documented by chemical, petrographic and thermal data on drill core from the lake.
Lateral convection appears to have occurred in two distinct layers within the most olivine-poor part of the lake, created a slightly olivine-enriched septum in the center of the olivine-depleted section. A critical marker for this process is the occurrence of loose clusters of augite microphenocrysts, which are confined to the upper half of the olivine-poor zone. This process, which took place between late 1962 and mid-1964, is inferred to be double-diffusive convection.
Both this convection and a process of buoyant upwelling of minimum-density liquid from deep within the lake (Helz, R.T., Kirschenbaum H. and Marinenko, J.W., 1989. Diapiric melt transfer: a quick, efficient process of igneous differentiation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, 578–594) result from the fact that melt density in Kilauea Iki compositions decreases as olivine and augite crystallize, above the incoming of plagioclase. The resulting density vs. depth profile creates (1) a region of gravitationally stable melt at the top of the chamber (the locus of double-diffusive convection) and (2) a region of gravitationally unstable melt at the base of the melt column (the source of upwelling minimum-density melt, Helz, R.T., Kirschenbaum H. and Marinenko, J.W., 1989. Diapiric melt transfer: a quick, efficient process of igneous differentiation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, 578–594). By contrast the variation of melt density with temperature for the 1965 Makaopuhi lava lake does not show a decrease in density as temperature decreases, so neither process should have occurred in that lava lake. Because many mafic magmas crystallize significant olivine and/or pyroxene before they begin to crystallize plagioclase, the density relations observed for Kilauea Iki, and the processes that result from them, may be relevant to crystallization in other mafic magma chambers. The results for the 1965 Makaopuhi lava lake emphasize the role of bulk composition as a critical control on magmatic processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2008.11.007","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"Helz, R.T., 2009, Processes active in mafic magma chambers: The example of Kilauea Iki Lava Lake, Hawaii: LITHOS, v. 111, no. 1-2, p. 37-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2008.11.007.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2008.11.007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.30925750732422,\n 19.39180098837034\n ],\n [\n -155.22171020507812,\n 19.39180098837034\n ],\n [\n -155.22171020507812,\n 19.43583809782748\n ],\n [\n -155.30925750732422,\n 19.43583809782748\n ],\n [\n -155.30925750732422,\n 19.39180098837034\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8da3e4b0c8380cd7ed2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":85587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind","email":"","middleInitial":"Tuthill","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035857,"text":"70035857 - 2009 - Postshield stage transitional volcanism on Mahukona Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T06:58:51","indexId":"70035857","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postshield stage transitional volcanism on Mahukona Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Age spectra from 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating experiments yield ages of 298 ± 25ka and 310 ± 31ka for transitional composition lavas from two cones on submarine Mahukona Volcano, Hawaii. These ages are younger than the inferred end of the tholeiitic shield stage and indicate that the volcano had entered the postshield alkalic stage before going extinct. Previously reported elevated helium isotopic ratios of lavas from one of these cones were incorrectly interpreted to indicate eruption during a preshield alkalic stage. Consequently, high helium isotopic ratios are a poor indicator of eruptive stage, as they occur in preshield, shield, and postshield stage lavas. Loihi Seamount and Kilauea are the only known Hawaiian volcanoes where the volume of preshield alkalic stage lavas can be estimated. Springer-Verlag 2008.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-008-0240-z","usgsCitation":"Clague, D., and Calvert, A., 2009, Postshield stage transitional volcanism on Mahukona Volcano, Hawaii: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 71, no. 5, p. 533-539, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-008-0240-z.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"533","endPage":"539","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216227,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-008-0240-z"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mahukona Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.71447753906247,\n 19.678797982361385\n ],\n [\n -155.63781738281247,\n 19.678797982361385\n ],\n [\n -155.63781738281247,\n 20.66362605415281\n ],\n [\n -156.71447753906247,\n 20.66362605415281\n ],\n [\n -156.71447753906247,\n 19.678797982361385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e9be4b0c8380cd7a645","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calvert, A.T.","contributorId":49969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034922,"text":"70034922 - 2009 - A frozen record of density-driven crustal overturn in lava lakes: The example of Kilauea Iki 1959","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T10:40:09","indexId":"70034922","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A frozen record of density-driven crustal overturn in lava lakes: The example of Kilauea Iki 1959","docAbstract":"Lava lakes are found at basaltic volcanoes on Earth and other planetary bodies. Density-driven crustal foundering leading to surface renewal occurs repeatedly throughout the life of a lava lake. This process has been observed and described in a qualitative sense, but due to dangerous conditions, no data has been acquired to evaluate the densities of the units involved. Kilauea Iki pit crater in Hawai'i houses a lava lake erupted during a 2 month period in 1959. Part of the surface of the Kilauea Iki lake now preserves the frozen record of a final, incomplete, crustal-overturn cycle. We mapped this region and sampled portions of the foundering crust, as well as overriding and underlying lava, to constrain the density of the units involved in the overturn process. Overturn is driven by the advance of a flow front of fresh, low-density lava over an older, higher density surface crust. The advance of the front causes the older crust to break up, founder, and dive downwards into the lake to expose new, hot, low-density lava. We find density differences of 200 to 740 kg/m3 between the foundering crust and over-riding and under-lying lava respectively. In this case, crustal overturn is driven by large density differences between the foundering and resurfacing units. These differences lead, inevitably, to frequent crustal renewal: simple density differences between the surface crust and underlying lake lava make the upper layers of the lake highly unstable. Springer-Verlag 2008.
","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/s00445-008-0225-y","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Stovall, W., Houghton, B.F., Harris, A., and Swanson, D.A., 2009, A frozen record of density-driven crustal overturn in lava lakes: The example of Kilauea Iki 1959: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 71, no. 3, p. 313-318, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-008-0225-y.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Iki ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.25672912597656,\n 19.409004403859463\n ],\n [\n -155.237717628479,\n 19.409004403859463\n ],\n [\n -155.237717628479,\n 19.42078263415394\n ],\n [\n -155.25672912597656,\n 19.42078263415394\n ],\n [\n -155.25672912597656,\n 19.409004403859463\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3e4e4b0c8380cd462a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stovall, W.K.","contributorId":74590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stovall","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, A.J.L.","contributorId":82878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A.J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034143,"text":"70034143 - 2009 - SBAS-InSAR analysis of surface deformation at Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T09:09:11","indexId":"70034143","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SBAS-InSAR analysis of surface deformation at Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii","docAbstract":"We investigate the deformation of Mauna Loa and Kllauea volcanoes, Hawai'i, by exploiting the advanced differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) technique referred to as the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) algorithm. In particular, we present time series of line-of-sight (LOS) displacements derived from SAR data acquired by the ASAR instrument, on board the ENVISAT satellite, from the ascending (track 93) and descending (track 429) orbits between 2003 and 2008. For each coherent pixel of the radar images we compute time-dependent surface displacements as well as the average LOS deformation rate. Our results quantify, in space and time, the complex deformation of Mauna Loa and Kllauea volcanoes. The derived InSAR measurements are compared to continuous GPS data to asses the quality of the SBAS-InSAR products.
","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2009","conferenceDate":"12 July 2009 through 17 July 2009","conferenceLocation":"Cape Town","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5417600","isbn":"9781424433957","usgsCitation":"Casu, F., Lanari, R., Sansosti, E., Solaro, G., Tizzani, P., Poland, M., and Mikijus, A., 2009, SBAS-InSAR analysis of surface deformation at Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 4, Cape Town, 12 July 2009 through 17 July 2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5417600.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216605,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5417600"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf10e4b0c8380cd87389","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casu, F.","contributorId":104732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casu","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanari, Riccardo","contributorId":40448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanari","given":"Riccardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sansosti, E.","contributorId":74226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sansosti","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solaro, G.","contributorId":79730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solaro","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tizzani, Pietro","contributorId":106729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tizzani","given":"Pietro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poland, Michael 0000-0001-5240-6123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":49920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70037099,"text":"70037099 - 2009 - Investigation of thallium fluxes from subaerial volcanism-Implications for the present and past mass balance of thallium in the oceans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T12:16:30.34332","indexId":"70037099","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of thallium fluxes from subaerial volcanism-Implications for the present and past mass balance of thallium in the oceans","docAbstract":"A suite of 34 volcanic gas condensates and particulates from Kilauea (Hawaii), Mt. Etna and Vulcano (Italy), Mt. Merapi (Indonesia), White Island and Mt. Nguaruhoe (New Zealand) were analysed for both Tl isotope compositions and Tl/Pb ratios. When considered together with published Tl–Pb abundance data, the measurements provide globally representative best estimates of Tl/Pb = 0.46 ± 0.25 and ε205Tl = −1.7 ± 2.0 for the emissions of subaerial volcanism to the atmosphere and oceans (ε205Tl is the deviation of the 205Tl/203Tl isotope ratio from NIST SRM 997 isotope standard in parts per 10,000). Compared to igneous rocks of the crust and mantle, volcanic gases were found to have (i) Tl/Pb ratios that are typically about an order of magnitude higher, and (ii) significantly more variable Tl isotope compositions but a mean ε205Tl value that is indistinguishable from estimates for the Earth’s mantle and continental crust. The first observation can be explained by the more volatile nature of Tl compared to Pb during the production of volcanic gases, whilst the second reflects the contrasting and approximately balanced isotope fractionation effects that are generated by partial evaporation of Tl during magma degassing and partial Tl condensation as a result of the cooling and differentiation of volcanic gases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.014","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Baker, R., Rehkamper, M., Hinkley, T.K., Nielsen, S., and Toutain, J., 2009, Investigation of thallium fluxes from subaerial volcanism-Implications for the present and past mass balance of thallium in the oceans: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 20, p. 6340-6359, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.014.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"6340","endPage":"6359","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245242,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e98e4b0c8380cd63ecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, R.G.A.","contributorId":39617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rehkamper, M.","contributorId":21731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehkamper","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkley, T. K. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":78731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, S.G.","contributorId":49171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Toutain, J.P.","contributorId":72621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toutain","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}