Subspecies are often targets for conservation, yet many lack the genetic data necessary to validate their status as distinctive evolutionary lineages. In 2016, conservationists faced this issue when designating the California glossy snake, Arizona elegans occidentalis, as a Species of Special Concern in California, a decision prompted by population declines and habitat loss but absent of genetic information about its evolutionary integrity. To address this knowledge gap, we collected genomic and mitochondrial data from a rangewide sample of the Arizona elegans complex (n = 257) and characterized genetic structure at varying spatial scales. We confirmed an east–west phyletic division within the A. elegans complex that correlates with an ecotone between the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts and pinpoint the separation to a ∼20 km area in southeastern Arizona, USA. Individuals recognized as A. e. occidentalis do not form a genetically cohesive unit within a more inclusive western clade that is sister to the endemic Arizona pacata in Baja California, México. We synonymize four subspecies circumscribed by the western clade and recognize a new species Arizona occidentalis to re-align the taxonomy with the phylogeographic structure. Most of the diversity within A. occidentalis occurs in California, with three major lineages corresponding separate desert biomes. We revise the conservation units within A. occidentalis to mirror these lineages and address concerns regarding habitat loss in transitional environments along the western edge of its range. This work underscores the importance of aligning taxonomy, evolutionary identity, and management units to design the most effective conservation strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ympev.2025.108441","usgsCitation":"Wood, D., Richmond, J.Q., Westphal, M.F., Hollingsworth, B.D., Fisher, R.D., and Vandergast, A.G., 2025, Desert ecosystems shape diversification in glossy snakes (genus Arizona) requiring a re-alignment of evolutionary and conservation units: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 213, 108441, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2025.108441.","productDescription":"108441, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-175218","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2025.108441","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.28258728665597,\n 40.693035314631345\n ],\n [\n -119.78832300902783,\n 31.602553781844435\n ],\n [\n -111.36681184455207,\n 22.61258270236084\n ],\n [\n -97.05757848026627,\n 22.24916886918969\n ],\n [\n -94.40812045478627,\n 32.37973867254225\n ],\n [\n -95.39342062000813,\n 40.44807423817957\n ],\n [\n -125.28258728665597,\n 40.693035314631345\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"213","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Dustin 0000-0002-7668-9911 dawood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-9911","contributorId":195223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Dustin","email":"dawood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":952412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westphal, Michael F.","contributorId":364262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westphal","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37086,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hollingsworth, Bradford D.","contributorId":364265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hollingsworth","given":"Bradford","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16175,"text":"San Diego Natural History Museum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert D. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rdfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":3913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rdfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":57201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70273328,"text":"70273328 - 2025 - Near-surface material and topography generate anomalous high-frequency ground motion amplification in Chugiak, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-06T15:19:15.394653","indexId":"70273328","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-22T09:12:41","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near-surface material and topography generate anomalous high-frequency ground motion amplification in Chugiak, Alaska","docAbstract":"An ∼3 km long nodal array oriented approximately east–west was deployed in Chugiak, Alaska, by the U.S. Geological Survey during 2021. The array intersects with the permanent NetQuakes station NP.ARTY, where peak ground acceleration (PGA) value of 1.98g was recorded during the 2018 Mw 7.1 Anchorage, Alaska, earthquake, in sharp contrast to the PGA of ∼0.3g at a site just 4 km to the west. Seismic data for Mw 1.8–4.3 aftershocks from the Mw 7.1 event recorded by the nodal array confirm the anomalously large ground motions obtained at NP.ARTY as well as similar amplifications at nodes within ∼1 km to the east. Here, we performed 0–10 Hz 3D finite‐difference simulations, including high‐resolution surface topography, to explore the cause of the unexpectedly large amplification. As expected, the simulations computed with a regional 3D tomography velocity model severely underpredict the 0–10 Hz acceleration records at almost all sites. Adding a near‐surface low‐velocity taper to 300 m depth amplifies the accelerations by up to a factor of 5 and enables a reasonable match between the nodal data and simulations at sites to the west of NP.ARTY. However, this model still underpredicts the spectral energy in the area covered by glacial sediments by up to an order of magnitude. The addition of a till layer using a depth‐dependent shear‐wave velocity (Vs) profile along with a homogeneous, 8 m thick low‐velocity layer with Vs = 250 m/s representing the kame terraces improves the fit to data to within a factor of 2 at nodes located on top of the glacial sediments. Our study shows that the anomalously large high‐frequency amplification recorded at and near NP.ARTY can be explained by a combination of topographic effects and near‐surface low‐velocity material with amplification effects on the high‐frequency ground motion by up to about 40% and an order of magnitude, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120240283","usgsCitation":"Yeh, T., Olsen, K.B., Steidl, J.H., and Haeussler, P., 2025, Near-surface material and topography generate anomalous high-frequency ground motion amplification in Chugiak, Alaska: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 115, no. 6, p. 2793-2808, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120240283.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2793","endPage":"2808","ipdsId":"IP-173630","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Chugiak","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.0449585780233,\n 61.579337610698786\n ],\n [\n -150.32779349821365,\n 61.579337610698786\n ],\n [\n -150.32779349821365,\n 60.81067946634249\n ],\n [\n -149.0449585780233,\n 60.81067946634249\n ],\n [\n -149.0449585780233,\n 61.579337610698786\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yeh, Te-Yang 0000-0002-9146-6804","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6804","contributorId":364872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yeh","given":"Te-Yang","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Kim B.","contributorId":364874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsen","given":"Kim","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steidl, Jamison Haase 0000-0003-0612-7654","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0612-7654","contributorId":239709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steidl","given":"Jamison","email":"","middleInitial":"Haase","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":353464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[{"id":84407,"text":"USGS ASC retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70273040,"text":"70273040 - 2025 - The bat signal: An ultraviolet light lure to increase acoustic detection of bats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-12T17:50:23.164107","indexId":"70273040","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-21T10:39:20","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5762,"text":"Animals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The bat signal: An ultraviolet light lure to increase acoustic detection of bats","docAbstract":"Bats are a taxa of high conservation concern and are facing numerous threats including widespread mortality due to White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) in North America. With this decline comes increasing difficulty in monitoring imperiled bat species due to lower detection probabilities of both mist-netting and acoustic surveys. Lure technology shows promise to increase detection while decreasing sampling effort; however, to date research has primarily focused on increasing physical captures during mist-net surveys using sound lures. Because much bat monitoring is now performed using acoustic detection, there is a similar need to increase detection probabilities during acoustic surveys. Ultraviolet (UV) lights anecdotally have been shown to attract insects and thereby attract foraging bats for observational studies and to experimentally provide a food source for WNS-impacted bats before and after hibernation. Therefore, we constructed a field-portable and programmable UV lure device to determine the value of lures for increasing acoustic detection of bats. We tested if the lure device increased both the echolocation passes and feeding activity (feeding buzzes) across a transect of bat detectors. There was an increase in feeding activity around the UV light, with a nuanced, species-specific and positionally dependent effect on echolocation passes received. The UV light lure increased echolocation passes for the eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), and evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), but decreased passes of the North American hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus). The northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) showed a negative response within the illuminated area but increased echolocation activity outside the illuminated area during lure treatment and activity was elevated at all positions after the lure was deactivated. Our study demonstrates some potential utility of UV lures in increasing the feeding activity and acoustic detection of bats. Additional research and development of UV lure technology may be beneficial, including alternating on and off periods to improve detection of light-averse species, and improving echolocation call quality along with the increase in received passes.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/ani15162458","usgsCitation":"Freeze, S.R., Deeley, S.M., Litterer, A.S., Freeze, J.M., and Ford, W., 2025, The bat signal: An ultraviolet light lure to increase acoustic detection of bats: Animals, v. 15, no. 16, 2458, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15162458.","productDescription":"2458, 31 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179561","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15162458","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Forest Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.4388964315137,\n 38.6362469072904\n ],\n [\n -77.4388964315137,\n 38.55055265494616\n ],\n [\n -77.33478490822863,\n 38.55055265494616\n ],\n [\n -77.33478490822863,\n 38.6362469072904\n ],\n [\n -77.4388964315137,\n 38.6362469072904\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeze, Samuel R.","contributorId":363959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeze","given":"Samuel","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deeley, Sabrina M.","contributorId":363962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deeley","given":"Sabrina","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Litterer, Amber S.","contributorId":363965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Litterer","given":"Amber","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeze, J. Mark","contributorId":363968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeze","given":"J.","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":86746,"text":"Independent electrical engineer","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. 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The MTJ marks the nexus of the Mendocino and San Andreas faults with the Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ). Historically, most large earthquakes around the MTJ have been within the offshore Gorda plate and its subducted portion beneath the NA plate. North of the MTJ, active faults mapped in the NA plate are part of the CSZ fold‐and‐thrust belt. Although some events have been detected in the NA plate, no large historic events have been associated with mapped surface faults. The 21 December 1954 Mw 6.5 earthquake in Humboldt County is one possible exception. Using published data from catalogs and articles, unpublished data from Berkeley’s archives, and S‐P times interpreted from two U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (USCGS) accelerometers, we determine a probability cloud for the earthquake’s hypocenter using NonLinLoc. The highest probability location lies beneath Fickle Hill just east of the city of Arcata, California, at 40.87° N, 124.03° W, and ∼11 km depth. Using P‐wave polarities from Berkeley stations and the digitized waveforms from the accelerometers, we find that the focal mechanism most consistent with the data indicates thrust movement with strike, dip, and rake of 350°, 10°, and 90°, respectively, at a depth of 14 km. Given the depth uncertainties of both this event and the megathrust, this implies that the earthquake most likely took place on the subduction interface rather than on the mapped faults in the Mad River fault zone that trend 322° and dip to the northeast. The revisited intensity in the epicentral region also supports a location beneath Fickle Hill to the east of the city of Arcata, California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120250080","usgsCitation":"Hellweg, M., Lee, T.A., Dreger, D.S., Lomax, A., Hagos, L., Haddabi, H., McPherson, R.C., Dengler, L., Hough, S.E., and Patton, J.R., 2025, Revisiting an enigma on California's north coast: The Mw6.5 Fickle Hill earthquake of 21 December 1954: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 115, no. 6, p. 2623-2639, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120250080.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2623","endPage":"2639","ipdsId":"IP-177949","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.23082743259238,\n 46.45369999658712\n ],\n [\n -124.94108692827174,\n 41.87317683684783\n ],\n [\n -124.0036946792876,\n 37.27396300370703\n ],\n [\n -120.72594459506794,\n 33.05110616586563\n ],\n [\n -116.56731665360127,\n 33.7291335831041\n ],\n [\n -116.56731665360127,\n 46.45369999658712\n ],\n [\n -124.23082743259238,\n 46.45369999658712\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hellweg, Margaret","contributorId":360602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hellweg","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Thomas A.","contributorId":360603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6644,"text":"Princeton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dreger, Douglas S.","contributorId":360605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dreger","given":"Douglas","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lomax, Anthony","contributorId":355480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lomax","given":"Anthony","affiliations":[{"id":84757,"text":"ALomax Scientific, Mouans Sartoux, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hagos, Lijam","contributorId":300811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagos","given":"Lijam","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haddabi, Hamid","contributorId":360611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haddabi","given":"Hamid","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McPherson, Robert C.","contributorId":350346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McPherson","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":83721,"text":"Cal Poly Humboldt Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dengler, Lori","contributorId":197374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dengler","given":"Lori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":947301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":263442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Patton, Jason R.","contributorId":317714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patton","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70271129,"text":"70271129 - 2025 - Avian influenza spillover into poultry: Environmental influences and biosecurity protections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-28T14:54:17.55377","indexId":"70271129","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-19T07:47:16","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":22340,"text":"One Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian influenza spillover into poultry: Environmental influences and biosecurity protections","docAbstract":"With the continued spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), understanding the complex dynamics of virus transfer at the wild – agriculture interface is paramount. Spillover events (i.e., virus transfer from wild birds into poultry) are related to proximity to infected wild bird populations and environmental conditions. By accounting for such dynamics, we can take a combined approach to assess the impacts of biosecurity measures implemented at poultry farms while simultaneously accounting for their local risk levels. We implemented a Bayesian joint-likelihood logistic regression for the Continental U.S. comparing models of spatiotemporal risk according to land use, weather, and predicted waterfowl distributions followed by integrating a farm-level case-control questionnaire dataset focused on identifying trends in HPAI spillover risk associated with a farm's biosecurity practices. We found that estimates of waterfowl abundance, along with mean precipitation and temperature during winter, were most correlated with spatiotemporal HPAI risk. Additionally, we identified multiple biosecurity practices associated with reduced risk to HPAI, where the strongest relationships were related to litter decontamination treatments, vehicle wash stations, and avoiding shared dead-bird disposal sites with other farms. This model broadly guides surveillance of HPAI in wild and domestic populations, identifying when and where we are most likely to see increased instances of the virus while also providing insights into how poultry farms can better protect themselves from risk.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101172","usgsCitation":"Gonnerman, M.B., Mullinax, J., Fox, A., Patyk, K.A., Fields, V., McCool, M., Torchetti, M.K., Lantz, K., Sullivan, J.D., and Prosser, D.J., 2025, Avian influenza spillover into poultry: Environmental influences and biosecurity protections: One Health, v. 21, 101172, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101172.","productDescription":"101172, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-178496","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101172","text":"Publisher Index 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Refuge bison and elk management plan","indexId":"sir20255076","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"title":"Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge bison and elk management plan"},"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T15:02:22.288635","indexId":"sir20255076A","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-14T15:50:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-5076","chapter":"A","displayTitle":"Decision Framing Overview and Performance of Management Alternatives for Bison and Elk Feedground Management at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming","title":"Decision framing overview and performance of management alternatives for bison and elk feedground management at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming","docAbstract":"This report was developed to evaluate the performance of a set of proposed alternatives for Cervus elaphus canadensis (elk) and Bison bison (bison) management at the National Elk Refuge in Wyoming, U.S.A., and to inform a National Environmental Policy Act Environmental Impact Statement focused on developing the next “Bison and Elk Management Plan” (BEMP). The U.S. Geological Survey facilitated a structured decision-making process for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to develop the alternatives and the criteria (performance metrics) for evaluating the alternatives.
Chapter A (this chapter) provides scoping details of the “BEMP,” a summary of the 19 metrics used to evaluate the performance of each of the 6 alternatives, and methodological details of 2 performance metrics that were not covered in other technical chapters. Additional technical details, results, and interpretations are briefly covered in this chapter but are mostly contained in chapters B–F.
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U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
This report was developed to evaluate the performance of a set of proposed alternatives for Cervus elaphus canadensis (elk) and Bison bison (bison) management at the National Elk Refuge (NER) in Wyoming, U.S.A., and to inform a National Environmental Policy Act Environmental Impact Statement focused on developing the next “Bison and Elk Management Plan” (BEMP). The U.S. Geological Survey facilitated a structured decision-making process for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to develop the alternatives and the criteria (performance metrics) for evaluating the alternatives. Chapter A provides scoping details of the report, a summary of the 19 metrics that are used to evaluate the performance of each of 6 alternatives, and methodological details of 2 performance metrics that were not covered in other technical chapters. Chapter B analyzes elk population and chronic wasting disease dynamics under the five initial alternatives. Chapter C evaluates elk space-use based on data collected from global positioning system collars on elk and expert elicitation for scenarios with limited data. Chapter D evaluates bison population dynamics, conflict, and harvest patterns under the five initial alternatives. Chapter E assesses social and economic consequences. Chapter F is newly added to this superseding report and details the analysis and results of a new alternative that was developed after discussion among the lead and cooperating agencies working on the BEMP. The full set of six alternatives are anticipated to have varying affects on bison and elk population abundance and private land use, wildlife-related recreation and tourism, and hunters and outfitters in the region. Each chapter was developed under advisement of a technical team, made up science experts from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255076","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats & Invasive Species Research Program, Environmental Health Program, and the Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Cook, J.D., and Cross, P.C., eds., 2025, Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge bison and elk management plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5076, 6 chap. (A–F), variously paged, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255076. [Supersedes USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5119.]","productDescription":"Report: 166 p.; 4 Software Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494039,"rank":6,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1DZS7MW","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Socioeconomic effects of bison and elk management alternatives on National Elk Refuge"},{"id":494038,"rank":5,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P14EPY3U","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- CWD software code for simulating elk and chronic wasting disease dynamics on the National Elk Refuge (version 0.1.0)"},{"id":494037,"rank":4,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P14FF6E6","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Supporting code for—Evaluating elk distribution and conflict under proposed management alternatives at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming"},{"id":494036,"rank":3,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1QZGZSN","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Jackson bison population projections"},{"id":493987,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/sir20255076.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 PDF"},{"id":493986,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ],\n [\n -110.72445411600302,\n 43.480764457816235\n ],\n [\n -110.70981181708308,\n 43.502568770827935\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.51262964481907\n ],\n [\n -110.6628023310768,\n 43.52213004158219\n ],\n [\n -110.64353614828745,\n 43.53665716685947\n ],\n [\n -110.62349931818646,\n 43.55620738705895\n ],\n [\n -110.5972973095928,\n 43.598637460483474\n ],\n [\n -110.59883860421601,\n 43.62653567653447\n ],\n [\n -110.6520132687147,\n 43.62207283164909\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.60477617840215\n ],\n [\n -110.73216058911865,\n 43.56458411181504\n ],\n [\n -110.74680288803886,\n 43.517100606095084\n ],\n [\n -110.76067453964718,\n 43.50480466552287\n ],\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
This chapter presents a description and quantitative evaluation of a collaborative alternative (alternative D) focused on near-term elk population reduction and chronic wasting disease (CWD) monitoring as part of winter elk and bison feedground operations on the National Elk Refuge adjacent to Jackson, Wyoming. Alternative D was developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the lead agency of an Environmental Impact Statement, in consultation with cooperating agencies, including the National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department. In evaluating alternative D, the U.S. Geological Survey considered four distinct scenarios that incorporated whether the agencies were able to meet their elk population reduction goals, and the effects of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service stopping feeding after CWD prevalence was measured at or above 7 percent in the Jackson Elk Herd Unit. The modeled scenarios in which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service stopped feeding elk at 7 percent CWD prevalence had higher elk population sizes and generally lower CWD prevalence overall at the end of the 20-year simulation period. Further, three of the four alternative D scenarios resulted in fewer elk-use days on sensitive aspen, willow, and cottonwood habitat types compared to continuing to feed; the 7 percent CWD trigger scenario resulted in higher elk-use days on cottonwood and willow habitats compared to continued feeding, but fewer elk-use days on aspen habitats. When considering brucellosis risk, alternative D scenarios without the 7 percent CWD stop feeding trigger had lower risk than the alternative that stopped feeding elk immediately.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255076F","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats & Invasive Species Program, and the Environmental Health Program","usgsCitation":"Cook, J.D., Cotterill, G.G., Cole, E.K., and Cross, P.C., 2025, Predictions of Elk, Chronic Wasting Disease Dynamics, and Socioeconomics Under Alternative D at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming, and Surrounding Areas, chap. F of Cook, J.D., and Cross, P.C., eds., Decision Analysis in Support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5076, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255076F.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 9 p.; 4 Software Releases","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494111,"rank":9,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1DZS7MW","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Socioeconomic effects of bison and elk management alternatives on National Elk Refuge"},{"id":494110,"rank":8,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13PPHA9","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Software code for simulating elk and chronic wasting disease dynamics on the National Elk Refuge (version 2.0)"},{"id":494109,"rank":7,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1486NQE","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Supporting code for—Evaluating elk distribution and conflict under proposed management alternatives at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming (version 2.0)"},{"id":494108,"rank":6,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1QZGZSN","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Jackson bison population projections"},{"id":494010,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/f/images/"},{"id":494009,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/f/sir20255076F.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 F XML"},{"id":494008,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255076F/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 F HTML"},{"id":494007,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/f/sir20255076F.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 F PDF"},{"id":494006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/f/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ],\n [\n -110.72445411600302,\n 43.480764457816235\n ],\n [\n -110.70981181708308,\n 43.502568770827935\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.51262964481907\n ],\n [\n -110.6628023310768,\n 43.52213004158219\n ],\n [\n -110.64353614828745,\n 43.53665716685947\n ],\n [\n -110.62349931818646,\n 43.55620738705895\n ],\n [\n -110.5972973095928,\n 43.598637460483474\n ],\n [\n -110.59883860421601,\n 43.62653567653447\n ],\n [\n -110.6520132687147,\n 43.62207283164909\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.60477617840215\n ],\n [\n -110.73216058911865,\n 43.56458411181504\n ],\n [\n -110.74680288803886,\n 43.517100606095084\n ],\n [\n -110.76067453964718,\n 43.50480466552287\n ],\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
Bison bison were once abundant across North America but declined due to overharvesting in the late 1800s. The reintroduced population in and around Jackson, Wyoming has averaged 485 individuals between 2018–2023 and is the subject of a planning process to inform management strategies that will guide the U.S. Fish and Wildlife’s next “Bison and Elk Management Plan” for the National Elk Refuge. This small population may benefit from historical winter-feeding operations on the National Elk Refuge because those operations may increase overwinter survival and limit human-bison conflicts, which are the number of individual bison that engage in nuisance, damaging, or otherwise aggressive behaviors with humans and livestock, that may lead to culling and other sources of mortality (for example, vehicle collisions). To inform the next “Bison and Elk Management Plan,” the U.S. Geological Survey used a population model to evaluate five management alternatives for bison and Cervus elaphus canadensis feedground operations that included continuing the elk and bison feeding program, immediately stopping the feeding program, and three other alternatives that would phase out the feeding program after a period of time. The results indicate that the bison population would be expected to decline over the next 20 years under all alternatives that stop feeding bison on the refuge. Further, this decline would lead to an associated reduction in bison harvest opportunities for resident, nonresident, and Tribal hunters. Finally, human-bison conflicts would also be expected to increase under the no feeding alternatives because bison may venture onto private lands in greater numbers if feed is not provisioned during winter months. In combination, these results suggest that feeding may lead to better outcomes for bison over the next 20 years; however, these effects may be traded off against other downsides of the feedground program, such as increased rates of animal-to-animal contact on feedgrounds that can lead to disease transmission.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255076D","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats & Invasive Species Research Program","usgsCitation":"Cook, J.D., McEachran, M.C., Cotterill, G.G., and Cole, E.K., 2025, Bison population dynamics, harvest, and human conflict potential under feedground management alternatives at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming, chap. D of Cook, J.D., and Cross, P.C., eds., Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge bison and elk management plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5076, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255076D. [Supersedes USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5119.]","productDescription":"Report: vi, 24 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/d/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":494031,"rank":6,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1QZGZSN","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Jackson bison population projections"},{"id":494000,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/d/images/"},{"id":493999,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/d/sir20255076D.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 D XML"},{"id":493998,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255076D/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 D HTML"},{"id":493997,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/d/sir20255076D.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 D PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ],\n [\n -110.72445411600302,\n 43.480764457816235\n ],\n [\n -110.70981181708308,\n 43.502568770827935\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.51262964481907\n ],\n [\n -110.6628023310768,\n 43.52213004158219\n ],\n [\n -110.64353614828745,\n 43.53665716685947\n ],\n [\n -110.62349931818646,\n 43.55620738705895\n ],\n [\n -110.5972973095928,\n 43.598637460483474\n ],\n [\n -110.59883860421601,\n 43.62653567653447\n ],\n [\n -110.6520132687147,\n 43.62207283164909\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.60477617840215\n ],\n [\n -110.73216058911865,\n 43.56458411181504\n ],\n [\n -110.74680288803886,\n 43.517100606095084\n ],\n [\n -110.76067453964718,\n 43.50480466552287\n ],\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
The National Elk Refuge (Refuge) is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and includes habitats for bison and elk. Bison and elk provide opportunities for wildlife-related recreation and contribute to the tourism industry in and around Jackson, Wyoming. Over the last century, the Refuge has provisioned supplemental feed to elk and, more recently, bison during winter months to ensure adequate forage and prevent starvation and conflict with private landowners. However, supplemental feeding artificially aggregates animals and can increase rates of disease transmission and localized damage to sensitive habitats near the feeding areas. This report presents analyses and results to support two of the nine management objectives in the next “Bison and Elk Management Plan,” with a particular focus on the social and economic consequences of five management alternatives considered in this study. The alternatives are to continue feeding bison and elk during winter months on the Refuge, stop feeding after CWD is measured at 3 percent prevalence or above in the Jackson elk herd, stop feeding immediately, reduce feeding for five years and then stop feeding, and increase elk harvest for five years and then stop feeding. These alternatives are anticipated to alter bison and elk population and space-use dynamics, with corresponding effects on wildlife-related recreation and tourism, including the number of visitors and sleigh-ride participants on the Refuge, and hunters and outfitters within the Jackson Elk Herd Unit. The performance of each of this study’s alternatives was variable, resulting in overlap in the performance of alternatives on the select objectives over the next 20 years. Generally, visitation-related objectives performed better under the continue feeding alternative, whereas hunting-related objectives performed better under the increase harvest alternative. The results presented here may assist U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service decision makers in balancing social and economic benefits identified in the decision-making process for the “Bison and Elk Management Plan” with other objectives evaluated in this report.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255076E","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats & Invasive Species Research Program","usgsCitation":"McEachran, M.C., Don Carlos, A., Cotterill, G.G., Cole, E.K., and Cook, J.D., 2025, Estimating the social and economic consequences of proposed management alternatives at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming, chap. E of Cook, J.D., and Cross, P.C., eds., Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge bison and elk management plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5076, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255076E. [Supersedes USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5119.]","productDescription":"Report: vi, 11 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/e/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":494002,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/e/sir20255076E.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 E PDF"},{"id":494033,"rank":6,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1DZS7MW","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Socioeconomic effects of bison and elk management alternatives on National Elk Refuge"},{"id":494005,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/e/images/"},{"id":494004,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/e/sir20255076E.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 E XML"},{"id":494003,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255076E/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 E HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ],\n [\n -110.72445411600302,\n 43.480764457816235\n ],\n [\n -110.70981181708308,\n 43.502568770827935\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.51262964481907\n ],\n [\n -110.6628023310768,\n 43.52213004158219\n ],\n [\n -110.64353614828745,\n 43.53665716685947\n ],\n [\n -110.62349931818646,\n 43.55620738705895\n ],\n [\n -110.5972973095928,\n 43.598637460483474\n ],\n [\n -110.59883860421601,\n 43.62653567653447\n ],\n [\n -110.6520132687147,\n 43.62207283164909\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.60477617840215\n ],\n [\n -110.73216058911865,\n 43.56458411181504\n ],\n [\n -110.74680288803886,\n 43.517100606095084\n ],\n [\n -110.76067453964718,\n 43.50480466552287\n ],\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
The majority of raptor species reside in the tropics, yet very little is known about their movement ecology. However, quantifying movement behavior can provide otherwise elusive information on resource needs, habitat selection, and ecological constraints, which is important for understanding ecological patterns and the management of species of conservation concern. On the Island of Hawai‘i, Hawai‘i, USA, the endemic ‘Io, or Hawaiian Hawk (Buteo solitarius), is a species of conservation concern that little is known of their movement ecology, yet they are dependent on a fragmented and rapidly changing environment. We tracked 15 individuals for up to 18 months across a diverse landscape on the eastern side of the island. We found that all ‘Io occupied a relatively small geographic area, their place of residency, where they spent all or most of their time. However, 10 individuals also exhibited an alternative movement pattern, where individuals repeatedly commuted back and forth between their place of residency to another, geographically disjunct location. These commuter periods, which could last from 24–180 days, were characterized by frequent (9–259) movements, with individual trips lasting 4–77 h away from their place of residency and 12–47 h in between commuter trips. In most cases, individuals went to the same non-contiguous commuting destination, even across multiple commuting sessions, indicating high fidelity to commuting locations. The ‘Io is a forest adapted Buteo but occurs across a diverse landscape from forest to agriculture lands to urban areas. Habitat selection analysis indicated high individual variation among different birds, but generally a preference for forest patches at localized levels. The discovery of the alternative commuting strategy for many ‘Io represents a cryptic movement pattern in the species, demonstrating the power of small, long-lived Global Position System tracking devices to track movement and providing important insights into the ecology of a tropical island raptor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-11248-8","usgsCitation":"Paxton, E.H., and Paxton, K.L., 2025, Alternating movement strategies of a tropical raptor: Scientific Reports, v. 15, 29719, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11248-8.","productDescription":"29719, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-164111","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11248-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":496263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.51701720097816,\n 19.9600766888112\n ],\n [\n -155.51701720097816,\n 19.383507623342382\n ],\n [\n -154.77042174449804,\n 19.383507623342382\n ],\n [\n -154.77042174449804,\n 19.9600766888112\n ],\n [\n -155.51701720097816,\n 19.9600766888112\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paxton, Kristina L. 0000-0003-2321-5090","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2321-5090","contributorId":41917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paxton","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12981,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70269818,"text":"ofr20251044 - 2025 - Insights and strategic opportunities from the USGS 2024 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interagency Workshop","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70269818,"text":"ofr20251044 - 2025 - Insights and strategic opportunities from the USGS 2024 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interagency Workshop","indexId":"ofr20251044","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Insights and Strategic Opportunities from the USGS 2024 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interagency Workshop","title":"Insights and strategic opportunities from the USGS 2024 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interagency Workshop"},"predicate":"IS_ADDENDUM_TO","object":{"id":70226853,"text":"cir1490 - 2021 - Integrated science for the study of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment—A strategic science vision for the U.S. Geological Survey","indexId":"cir1490","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"Integrated science for the study of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment—A strategic science vision for the U.S. Geological Survey"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T15:00:44.018949","indexId":"ofr20251044","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-11T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-1044","displayTitle":"Insights and Strategic Opportunities from the USGS 2024 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interagency Workshop","title":"Insights and strategic opportunities from the USGS 2024 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interagency Workshop","docAbstract":"In 2021, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) published Circular 1490 titled, “Integrated Science for the Study of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the Environment: A Strategic Science Vision for the U.S. Geological Survey” (Tokranov and others, 2021). Circular 1490 was created to be a resource for USGS scientists prioritizing and planning research related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and to be a guide for developing partnerships with other scientists, State and Federal agencies, and stakeholders engaged in PFAS research and management and mitigation of the environmental and human-health effects of PFAS. This USGS PFAS Strategic Science Vision document was intended to be the foundation for a “living strategic vision,” periodically providing updates on the state of USGS PFAS research, emerging PFAS data gaps and needs, and progress on interagency and stakeholder PFAS partnerships and priorities. To meet this objective, the USGS planned to host an Interagency and Stakeholder PFAS Workshop every 2–3 years.
During September 10–12, 2024, the USGS hosted the first Interagency and Stakeholder PFAS Workshop in Reston, Virginia. The Workshop brought together experts from other Federal agencies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Defense [Air Force, Army]), State agencies (Washington Fish and Wildlife, Virginia Department of Transportation), and academia (Harvard University, University of Maryland) to address key challenges relating to the measurement and modeling of PFAS and the implications for environmental health. Participants engaged in in-depth discussions centered around six pivotal topics related to PFAS: (1) sampling protocols, methods and interpretation; (2) environmental sources, source apportionment, and occurrence; (3) environmental fate and transport; (4) human and wildlife exposure routes and risk; (5) bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification; and (6) ecotoxicology and effects. Each topic had three breakout sessions.
A recurrent theme of workshop discussions was how data on a nationwide scale for PFAS occurrence in various environmental matrices, including air, water, food crops, biota, soil, and streambed sediment could help to advance scientific understanding. Participants noted significant geospatial data gaps, particularly in the midwestern and southern United States and the Pacific Northwest. PFAS data collection tends to be more robust along the eastern seaboard and in California.
Participants stressed how enhancing the integration of large and small datasets across various agencies could help to support national scale understanding of PFAS. To address these gaps, attendees suggested leveraging datasets from Federal entities like the USGS and the U.S. Department of Defense, State agencies, and municipal utility services to develop predictive contaminant detection and transport models. Improved coordination between water quality programs and USGS research could help to facilitate access to valuable data, leading to comprehensive databases that inform PFAS point (wastewater treatment plants and landfills) and nonpoint (runoff from land, atmospheric deposition, food packaging) sources, environmental transport mechanisms, environmental detection and concentrations, potential exposure routes, and health effects on different biota, including humans. A specific request was made to develop a map demarking the depth of modern (1953 or later) groundwater, which is susceptible to surface-derived anthropogenic (that is, human-made) contamination, based on tritium-age dating. Emphasis was placed on incorporation of hydrology, groundwater flow paths, groundwater–surface water interactions, and landscape factors in predictive statistical models as a step to improve contaminant source identification and tracking.
Molecular fingerprinting approaches garnered attention as techniques to link specific PFAS mixtures detected in a sample to environmental sources and levels in biota (Dávila-Santiago and others, 2022). Integrating data from abiotic (that is, water, soil, and air) and biotic (that is, living organisms) systems identified as a research opportunity. For example, understanding the composition of soils and sediments, which include a mixture of mineral, plant, and animal components, could advance understanding of exposure pathways.
The discussions highlighted opportunities to explore and understand the potential redistribution and biotic exposures of PFAS from biosolid and wastewater treatment plant effluent land application practices, in addition to atmospheric releases and discharges from landfill and wastewater treatment plants. Participants identified research gaps surrounding how these sources may contribute to contamination and may affect surrounding ecosystems, including a better definition of anthropogenic background concentrations.
Moving forward, the collection of co-occurrence data was noted as a means to improve understanding of complex mixtures and to leverage companion modeling efforts focused on areas with high and low contamination levels to identify areas of concern and unaffected resources. Participants emphasized how centralized USGS databases and the establishment of sample-metadata archives can help to ensure that samples are preserved and accessible for future research.
In conclusion, the workshop participants identified opportunities to bridge data gaps and improve measurement techniques, modeling frameworks, databases, and communication, to enhance the understanding of PFAS and their effects on environmental and human health. Upon completion of the workshop, participants indicated an interest in developing strategic data collection, modeling, and analytical approaches to address these challenges.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20251044","programNote":"Environmental Health Program","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, D.D., Beisner, K.R., Bradley, P.M., Bright, P.R., Brown, J.B., Churchill, C.J., Gordon, S.E., Karouna, N.K., Kolpin, D.W., Lambert, R.B., Pulster, E.L., Shively, R.S., Smalling, K., Steevens, J.A., and Tokranov, A.K., 2025, Insights and strategic opportunities from the USGS 2024 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interagency Workshop—Addendum I of Circular 1490: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2025–1044, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20251044.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-177608","costCenters":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1044/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":493439,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1044/ofr20251044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2025-1044 PDF"},{"id":493440,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20251044/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2025-1044 HTML"},{"id":493442,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1044/images/"},{"id":493441,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1044/ofr20251044.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2025-1044 XML"}],"contact":"Director, Ecosystems Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, Virginia 20192
We present methods to reconstruct historical chlorophyll a and surface water temperatures from satellite-based remote sensing products for Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado, to support algal bloom monitoring. A machine learning model was trained to construct chlorophyll a concentrations from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and in situ measurements of chlorophyll a concentrations (out of bag RMSE = 1.9 μg/L, R2 = 0.63) and reconstruct summertime chlorophyll a concentrations over the entire reservoir from 2016 through 2023. Concurrently, we developed an approach to retrieve remotely sensed water temperatures from the Landsat collection 2 provisional surface temperature product (MAE = 0.6°C) and reconstructed summertime surface water temperature records from 2000 through 2023. Finally, we demonstrate how the reconstructed chlorophyll a and temperature records can yield insight on reservoir dynamics. The chlorophyll a records indicate that algal blooms have a consistent spatial pattern across multiple years, initiating in the eastern end of the reservoir and spreading to the west over time. Water temperatures increased at a linearized rate of 0.3°C per decade from 2000 through 2023 and were inversely proportional to reservoir water surface elevation. Finally, mean summer remotely sensed chlorophyll a concentration had a moderately positive correlation with mean summer remotely sensed water temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.70038","usgsCitation":"King, T.V., Bean, R., Walton-Day, K., Mast, M.A., Gohring, E.J., Gidley, R.G., Day, N.K., and Gibney, N., 2025, Remote sensing of chlorophyll a and temperature to support algal bloom monitoring in Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 61, no. 4, e70038, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.70038.","productDescription":"e70038, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-157284","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.70038","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":494016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Gunnison County","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mesa Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.35295276247045,\n 38.535074315629544\n ],\n [\n -107.35295276247045,\n 38.430806876675575\n ],\n [\n -107.03469816287091,\n 38.430806876675575\n ],\n [\n -107.03469816287091,\n 38.535074315629544\n ],\n [\n -107.35295276247045,\n 38.535074315629544\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Tyler V. 0000-0002-5785-3077","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-3077","contributorId":292424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tyler","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bean, Robert Allen 0000-0001-5940-9757","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-9757","contributorId":344328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bean","given":"Robert Allen","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":336569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":211054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gohring, Evan J. 0000-0002-2229-9512","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-9512","contributorId":315496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohring","given":"Evan","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gidley, Rachel G. 0000-0002-9840-8252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9840-8252","contributorId":259315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gidley","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Day, Natalie K. 0000-0002-8768-5705","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-5705","contributorId":207302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Natalie","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gibney, Nicole D.","contributorId":352239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibney","given":"Nicole D.","affiliations":[{"id":84139,"text":"National Park Service, Regions 6, 7, and 8- Intermountain, Resource Stewardship and Science, One Denver Federal Center, Building 50, Denver, CO 80225","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70273452,"text":"70273452 - 2025 - Refining the earthquake history of south-central Alaska through lake records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-14T14:54:33.04117","indexId":"70273452","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-11T07:47:52","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":14252,"text":"Earth Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refining the earthquake history of south-central Alaska through lake records","docAbstract":"The Alaska–Aleutian subduction zone (AASZ) is one of the world's most seismically active plate boundaries and the source of the 1964 Mw 9.2 Great Alaska earthquake–the second largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in the world. Understanding the nature and frequency of such earthquakes is necessary for seismic and tsunami hazard assessment, but instrumental and historical records that span less than 150 years are too short to allow a statistically reliable analysis of earthquake recurrence times. This calls for studies of evidence of past earthquakes, extending the earthquake catalog further back in time. Subduction-zone paleoseismology in south-central Alaska is predominantly based on coastal evidence of land-level changes and tsunamis generated by megathrust earthquakes and preserved in the geological record. A complementary approach is lacustrine paleoseismology, which is still a relatively young discipline in Alaska. However, globally, lake basins are well-established high-resolution and continuous recorders of paleoseismic activity along subduction zones, relying on the identification of underwater landslide deposits and turbidites generated by seismic shaking. As a result, lake basins not only register ground shaking from megathrust earthquakes, but also from intraslab and crustal earthquakes, which are typically not accompanied by significant land-level changes. In this review paper, we combine coastal and lacustrine paleoseismology approaches to refine the south-central Alaskan earthquake history by comparing the paleoseismic records from two lakes (i.e., Eklutna Lake, located in the Chugach Mountain Range, and Skilak Lake, situated on the Kenai Peninsula) with the coastal and crustal earthquake catalog in Alaska. The resulting age ranges of all known megathrust earthquakes involving the Alaskan megathrust between the Kodiak and Prince William Sound (PWS) sections are more precise and accurate for the last 1.3 kyrs BP than the previously published age ranges from coastal records. As a result, this study supports the following key conclusions: (1) The 1964 CE earthquake was an exceptionally strong and unique event in the last 2000 years, rupturing the PWS, Kenai, Barren Islands, and Kodiak sections simultaneously. (2) The high-resolution and seasonal markings of the varved lake records now disentangle for the first time closely timed earthquakes, which was not possible based on the coastal evidence alone. (3) No persistent megathrust rupture boundaries exist. So, the possibility of a full rupture of the entire eastern AASZ, from PWS to Semidi cannot be excluded. (4) The rupture pattern in the eastern AASZ reveals superimposed cycles of multi-asperity ruptures (1964 earthquake) and clustered complementary partial ruptures, or rupture cascades. (5) The PWS section hosts the largest asperity in the eastern AASZ. (6) The shaking record of megathrust earthquakes indicates a time-dependent (quasiperiodic) behavior for the study area, but the observation of complementary clusters means that the hazards will not drop to zero but instead may even increase for a neighboring section. (7) The time-independent behavior of intraplate earthquakes implies that the intraslab hazard did not decrease following the 2016 and 2018 earthquakes. This study utilizes an integrated approach for subduction zone paleoseismology as a solution for unraveling recurrence and rupture patterns in Alaska, which can be applied worldwide.
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eastern United States are used in a parametric inversion for source, path, and site effects. Five earthquakes are selected for analysis during the installation of the United States National Seismic Network (US), Earthscope’s USArray Transportable Array (TA), and other temporary arrays to maximize station coverage. A global search algorithm is used to solve for site response from 0.1 to 15 Hz, corner frequency, geometrical spreading (r-γ), and frequency dependent anelastic attenuation in the form Q(f) = Qof α. Tradeoff between moment and geometric spreading is handled by fixing the moment. The tradeoff between corner frequency and Q(f) is solved by selecting the value of corner frequency that minimizes an objective function defined over all stations. Values of site response and attenuation parameters show a strong spatial correlation with the physiographic provinces of the eastern United States. Site response for the Atlantic Coastal Plain is consistent with previous work using spectral ratios relative to a reference site, defined by strong resonance peaks correlated with the thickness of sediments. Site response for the other physiographic provinces is markedly different from the coastal plain, with a lack of distinct resonance peaks and a broad moderate high at frequences from 0.1 to 0.5 Hz consistent with the hard-rock geology of the regions. Like site response, Q(f) has a strong correlation with physiographic province, showing lower values on the coastal plain and higher values inland. Geometric spreading exponent, γ, decreases with increasing hypocenter distance from just above 1 at a few tens of kilometers to 0.9 at 500 km. The limited range in geometric spreading values is attributed to starting the Fourier transform window at the S‐wave arrival for all distances and averaging over multiple wave types.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/0120250066","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S.H., Martinetti, L., Mendoza, C., and Schmitt, R.G., 2025, Site response and wave propagation effects in the eastern United States: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 115, no. 5, p. 2485-2506, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120250066.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"2485","endPage":"2506","ipdsId":"IP-174795","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"eastern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.07834108451145,\n 43.347066936734876\n ],\n [\n -83.07190566074532,\n 41.15850918749996\n ],\n [\n -84.72974599179413,\n 38.49572818331108\n ],\n [\n -87.6040403599389,\n 37.557442613196955\n ],\n [\n -90.35205007389611,\n 32.79825745697784\n ],\n [\n -81.70066250884963,\n 32.45943477635677\n ],\n [\n -76.33120640624651,\n 37.93006949063302\n ],\n [\n -74.11435019028751,\n 44.90250530044207\n ],\n [\n -74.96201722230823,\n 45.03628280801624\n ],\n [\n -78.07834108451145,\n 43.347066936734876\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinetti, Luis B.","contributorId":359446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinetti","given":"Luis B.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mendoza, Carlos 0000-0002-2428-7064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-7064","contributorId":343872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendoza","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18923,"text":"Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitt, Robert G. 0000-0001-8060-1954 rschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-1954","contributorId":5611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Robert","email":"rschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70269834,"text":"70269834 - 2025 - Evaluating trends using total impervious cover as a metric for degree of urbanisation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-06T14:01:24.238458","indexId":"70269834","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-01T07:42:42","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating trends using total impervious cover as a metric for degree of urbanisation","docAbstract":"Impervious cover (IC) is a common metric for assessing the degree of urbanisation in watersheds. However, there are different methods for determining IC, and use of IC correlation with urban watershed response to hydrologic and geochemical inputs can be strongly influenced by the end members (IC below 10% and above 40%). The resolution of the imagery (e.g., 1 m vs. 30 m) used to measure IC can influence the estimate of IC, with differences up to 15% observed between these two resolutions for 21 watersheds along the east coast of the United States. The differences are greatest in the middle range between 10% and 40% IC. When using IC for correlation with urban watershed responses such as discharge flashiness or median solute concentrations, fits with R2 between 0.4 and 0.78 were obtained when including end members of IC from 0% to 50%. However, when trying to distinguish behaviour between urban watersheds that fall in the middle ranges of IC, these same parameters do not correlate well with IC. Correlations fail significance tests, can switch direction, and fall below an R2 of 0.1 without the end members of very low or very high IC. Because of improved accuracy, the finest resolution is preferred when available, and mixing IC estimation methods should be avoided. Furthermore, using regressions that include end members may not contribute to differentiating how IC in the 10%–40% range impacts hydrologic and geochemical responses in urban watersheds. Understanding this middle range of IC is important for comparing urban and suburban watersheds or planning watershed development to minimise impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70219","usgsCitation":"Toran, L., Bain, D., Hopkins, K.G., Moore, J., and O'Donnell, E., 2025, Evaluating trends using total impervious cover as a metric for degree of urbanisation: Hydrological Processes, v. 39, no. 8, e70219, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70219.","productDescription":"e70219, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-173375","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersy, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.45193313117295,\n 42.0101128534981\n ],\n [\n -85.58729060621017,\n 34.888304090891616\n ],\n [\n -84.9939132978826,\n 30.977848324458122\n ],\n [\n -81.00584486613695,\n 30.56241422580763\n ],\n [\n -75.17472217306889,\n 35.436628690715224\n ],\n [\n -72.87437915762574,\n 41.18374638044904\n ],\n [\n -76.45193313117295,\n 42.0101128534981\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toran, Laura","contributorId":81622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toran","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34225,"text":"Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bain, Daniel","contributorId":359003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bain","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":12465,"text":"University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopkins, Kristina G. 0000-0003-1699-9384 khopkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-9384","contributorId":195604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Kristina","email":"khopkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, Joel","contributorId":49034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Joel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":944753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Donnell, Emily May 0000-0002-3202-159X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3202-159X","contributorId":359005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"Emily May","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70273379,"text":"70273379 - 2025 - Late Quaternary environmental change in eastern Beringia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-09T16:24:21.439969","indexId":"70273379","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-31T10:04:34","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary environmental change in eastern Beringia","docAbstract":"While wild waterfowl are known reservoirs of avian influenza viruses and facilitate the movement of these viruses, there are notable differences in the response to infection across species. This study explored differential responses to infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza in Snow Geese (Anser caerulescens) located in the California Central Valley. Though H5 antibody prevalence was high across years among birds sampled in the winter (75% in both years via hemagglutination inhibition), these values were even higher among birds sampled in summer that failed to migrate (i.e., August 2023 = 100% and August 2024 = 93% via hemagglutination inhibition). Birds that failed to migrate were also generally lighter than birds sampled in the winter and presented notable damage to cerebrum and cerebellum. In December 2022, a single individual positive for infection with H5N1 at the time of sampling indicated reduced movement during the 14 days following sampling but completed spring migration comparably with uninfected conspecifics. However, while no birds were actively infected during sampling and marking in 2023, two marked geese departed for migration late and one did not migrate at all. Additional banded birds marked in August have been reencountered in scenarios ranging from hunter harvest at a different site over a year later to found dead shortly after banding. Our data indicate that Snow Geese infected with HPAI have the potential to express variable outcomes following infection with highly pathogenic H5N1, ranging from rapid recovery within a migratory season to death. These data also suggest that the abnormal failure of some Snow Geese to migrate from the Central Valley is likely driven by HPAI infection.
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USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T14:26:33.142651","indexId":"70269645","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-27T09:25:29","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Cold-induced vomiting of a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by an invasive Burmese python (Python bivitattus) in Big Cypress National Preserve, Florida, USA","title":"Cold-induced vomiting of a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by an invasive Burmese python (Python bivitattus) in Big Cypress National Preserve, Florida, USA","docAbstract":"The Burmese python (Python bivittatus) is native to Southeast Asia and has an established invasive population throughout South Florida. As part of the effort to understand invasive python biology and potential impacts to the native ecosystem, we have been using radio-telemetry to investigate feeding rates of adult female pythons. The body size and gape of adult Burmese pythons enable them to consume large native prey items including, but not limited to, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). As an ectothermic species, Burmese pythons' physiological processes, including digestion, are temperature dependent, which may limit their potential invasive range. The low temperature threshold for python digestion is thought to be 20°C within a laboratory setting. Here, we detail an observation of a radio-telemetered female Burmese python that ingested an adult white-tailed deer, retained the deer within the digestive tract for 10 days, and then vomited the deer coinciding with a drop in air temperature as low as 9.4°C. The python survived the vomiting and was alive at the time of publication. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of a free-ranging Burmese python vomiting a deer within the invasive range without direct disturbance from humans at the time of vomiting. This observation provides additional evidence regarding the limits of thermal tolerance, digestion, and feeding habits of invasive Burmese pythons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.71875","usgsCitation":"Mangione, T., McCargar, G., Metcalf, M., McBride, L.M., Suastegui, E., Perez, J., Eastridge, C., McCollister, M.F., Romagosa, C., Kissel, A.M., Yackel Adams, A.A., and Sandfoss, M.R., 2025, Cold-induced vomiting of a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by an invasive Burmese python (Python bivitattus) in Big Cypress National Preserve, Florida, USA: Ecology and Evolution, v. 15, no. 7, e71875, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71875.","productDescription":"e71875, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176535","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71875","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":493093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Big Cypress National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.86791003833896,\n 26.267134358722814\n ],\n [\n -81.37312141287171,\n 26.267134358722814\n ],\n [\n -81.37312141287171,\n 25.604189792766476\n ],\n [\n -80.84471155685524,\n 25.608838411655867\n ],\n [\n -80.82537948895192,\n 25.94494031036455\n ],\n [\n -80.86791003833896,\n 26.267134358722814\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangione, Travis R.","contributorId":356281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mangione","given":"Travis R.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park 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W.","contributorId":358845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eastridge","given":"Cohen W.","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCollister, Matthew F.","contributorId":264909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCollister","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Romagosa, Christina 0000-0003-1900-5648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-5648","contributorId":299306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romagosa","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kissel, Amanda Marie 0000-0002-6346-7455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6346-7455","contributorId":334356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kissel","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Yackel Adams, Amy A. 0000-0002-7044-8447 yackela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":3116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"Amy","email":"yackela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sandfoss, Mark Robert 0000-0002-0162-7265","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0162-7265","contributorId":328884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandfoss","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70269604,"text":"70269604 - 2025 - Reflections on a trio of North American earthquakes in 1925","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-15T16:24:36.85827","indexId":"70269604","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-25T08:49:44","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reflections on a trio of North American earthquakes in 1925","docAbstract":"In 1925, three moderately large damaging earthquakes occurred in North America over four months: the 28 February (local time; LT) M 6.2 Charlevoix, 27 June (LT) M 6.6 Montana, and 29 June M 6.5 Santa Barbara earthquakes. The centennial anniversaries of these events motivated this retrospective consideration focused on the ground motions generated by the three events, including a reconsideration of early intensity assignments for the Montana earthquake. At the time, these three earthquakes appeared to support the arguments of some geologists who downplayed the severity of seismic hazard in southern California relative to other parts of the country. Some of the arguments advanced at that time, for example that Los Angeles “has the least to fear from ‘Acts of God’ of any city under the American flag,” (Hill, 1928) sound naïve if not laughable now, but a comparison of well‐constrained shaking distributions for the three earthquakes reveals the dramatic difference in wave propagation efficiency in western versus eastern North America (ENAM), which leads to moderate ENAM events being felt to much larger distances. At M 6.2, the 1925 Charlevoix earthquake was a notably large event in ENAM. This earthquake was the largest event in eastern Canada since 1870 and caused damage in the epicentral region in addition to towns as far away as 200 km, with felt shaking extending over 1000 km. In contrast, felt shaking from the Santa Barbara earthquake barely extended beyond ∼200 km. Compiling published intensity distributions for larger ENAM earthquakes, we show that perceptible earthquake shaking is not uncommon in ENAM over century time scales, but experience with weakly felt shaking may incline people to downplay potential earthquake risk.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220250149","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., Lamontagne, M., Ebel, J.E., and Baise, L., 2025, Reflections on a trio of North American earthquakes in 1925: Seismological Research Letters, v. 97, no. 1, p. 548-563, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220250149.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"548","endPage":"563","ipdsId":"IP-177706","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492992,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":493792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0220250149","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"California, Montana, Quebec","city":"Charlevoix, Santa Barabara","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -59.53926709002974,\n 53.87081636094325\n ],\n [\n -83.28222707125245,\n 53.87081636094325\n ],\n [\n -83.28222707125245,\n 38.33111191824375\n ],\n [\n -59.53926709002974,\n 38.33111191824375\n ],\n [\n -59.53926709002974,\n 53.87081636094325\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.68351578110878,\n 50.1420000300991\n ],\n [\n -118.68351578110878,\n 41.07790483235203\n ],\n [\n -105.88082499225033,\n 41.07790483235203\n ],\n [\n -105.88082499225033,\n 50.1420000300991\n ],\n [\n -118.68351578110878,\n 50.1420000300991\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.32391559009457,\n 34.119859058363375\n ],\n [\n -116.7888148930596,\n 34.119859058363375\n ],\n [\n -116.7888148930596,\n 37.37154662231801\n ],\n [\n -122.49989970320146,\n 37.667148547520824\n ],\n [\n -120.32391559009457,\n 34.119859058363375\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":350979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamontagne, Maurice","contributorId":358790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamontagne","given":"Maurice","affiliations":[{"id":85683,"text":"Canadian Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebel, John E.","contributorId":198671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebel","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":944168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baise, L.","contributorId":358791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baise","given":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6936,"text":"Tufts University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70270106,"text":"70270106 - 2025 - The impact of the May 1921 superstorm on American telecommunication systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-11T15:09:51.182641","indexId":"70270106","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-25T08:03:07","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3456,"text":"Space Weather","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of the May 1921 superstorm on American telecommunication systems","docAbstract":"A compilation is presented of impacts (interference and damage) realized on long-line telegraph\nand telephone systems across North America during the 13-16 May 1921 magnetic storm. Impacts\noccurred primarily during local nighttime, after the third of four sudden commencements, and\nduring the storm’s most-prominent main phase. Impacts are attributed to rapid and high-amplitude\ngeomagnetic field variation generated by substorms. This induced potential di erences and\nbetween the grounding points of communication networks that were su cient to cause system\ninterference and damage. In the United States, impacts were concentrated in the Midwest and in\nthe East, regions characterized by high electromagnetic surface impedance. Given technological\nchanges, modern telecommunication systems are less exposed to storms like that of May 1921,\nwhile power-grid systems are now more exposed to them.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025SW004563","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., Lucas, G.M., Kelbert, A., Schnepf, N.R., Bedrosian, P.A., and McBride, S., 2025, The impact of the May 1921 superstorm on American telecommunication systems: Space Weather, v. 23, no. 7, e2025SW004563, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025SW004563.","productDescription":"e2025SW004563, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176044","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025sw004563","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":493931,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.04591235883407,\n 48.55929857106818\n ],\n [\n -113.11562382583244,\n 44.989521883693286\n ],\n [\n -97.39942377885234,\n 45.62679588654639\n ],\n [\n -94.09937380848437,\n 36.67842728651029\n ],\n [\n -73.77940090499652,\n 39.39897652697945\n ],\n [\n -62.59060976277681,\n 46.438434374285634\n ],\n [\n -112.04591235883407,\n 48.55929857106818\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucas, Greg M.","contributorId":359448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucas","given":"Greg","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelbert, Anna","contributorId":359449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelbert","given":"Anna","affiliations":[{"id":85814,"text":"Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schnepf, Neesha R.","contributorId":359450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schnepf","given":"Neesha","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McBride, Sara K. 0000-0002-8062-6542","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-6542","contributorId":206933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Sara K.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70269627,"text":"70269627 - 2025 - Rupture process of the Mw7.0 December 5, 2024 Offshore Cape Mendocino earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T13:36:59.810848","indexId":"70269627","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-24T08:32:47","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture process of the Mw7.0 December 5, 2024 Offshore Cape Mendocino earthquake","docAbstract":"The Mw7.0 December 5, 2024 Offshore Cape Mendocino earthquake ruptured a km long portion of the east-west trending Mendocino fault zone (MFZ). In order to clarify the rupture process, we assemble three-component seismograms from regional seismic stations, horizontal coseismic displacement vectors derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time series, and a Sentinel-1 ascending interferogram. These data are interpreted with a model of slip distributed on two vertical fault planes representative of the eastern MFZ and spanning the ~70 km length of the aftershock zone. Assuming right-lateral strike slip, we find that the rupture initiates in the oceanic mantle at 20-30 km depth and proceeds unilaterally updip and toward the east. Early aftershocks locate adjacent to the peak slip areas, tracking the coseismic rupture propagation from oceanic mantle to shallower depth and implying a significant role of static stress transfer in driving aftershocks in an ocean plate environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115613","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Guns, K., and Yoon, C., 2025, Rupture process of the Mw7.0 December 5, 2024 Offshore Cape Mendocino earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 52, no. 14, e2025GL115613, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115613.","productDescription":"e2025GL115613, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176306","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115613","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Offshore Cape Mendocino","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -126,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -126,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guns, Katherine Anna 0000-0002-2956-1536","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-1536","contributorId":358824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guns","given":"Katherine Anna","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yoon, Clara 0000-0003-4521-3889","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-3889","contributorId":222019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoon","given":"Clara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70268977,"text":"sir20255027 - 2025 - Development of regression equations to estimate flow durations, low-flow frequencies, and mean flows at ungaged stream sites in Connecticut using data through water year 2022","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T14:32:36.443118","indexId":"sir20255027","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-23T10:10:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-5027","displayTitle":"Development of Regression Equations to Estimate Flow Durations, Low-Flow Frequencies, and Mean Flows at Ungaged Stream Sites in Connecticut Using Data Through Water Year 2022","title":"Development of regression equations to estimate flow durations, low-flow frequencies, and mean flows at ungaged stream sites in Connecticut using data through water year 2022","docAbstract":"To aid Federal and State regulatory agencies in the effective management of water resources, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection and the Connecticut Department of Transportation, updated flow statistics for 118 streamgages and developed 47 regression equations to estimate selected flow duration, low flow, and mean flow statistics for the entire State of Connecticut, for the following: 1-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 75-, 90-, 99-percent flow durations; 7-day, 10-year low-flow frequency and 30-day, 2-year low-flow frequency; and mean flow, spring mean flow, and harmonic mean flow. In addition, regression equations were developed for monthly and seasonal flow durations, ranging from 25 to 99 percent for aquatic biological processes of salmonid spawning (November), overwinter (December–February), clupeid spawning (May), resident spawning (June), and rearing and growth (July–October) periods, and for flow durations ranging from 1 to 99 percent for the habitat forming (March–April) period. Statistics were derived from daily mean streamflow data collected from streamgages with at least 10 years of data through water year 2022 in southern New England and eastern New York.
Forty streamgages in Connecticut and adjacent areas of neighboring States were used in the regression analysis. Regression methods of weighted least squares and generalized least squares were used to derive the final coefficients and measures of uncertainty for the regression equations. The equations used to estimate selected streamflow statistics were developed by relating the flow statistics to different basin characteristics (physical, land cover, and climatic) at the 40 streamgages. Nine basin characteristics served as the explanatory variables in the statewide regression equations: drainage area, percentage of area with coarse-grained stratified deposits, stream density, mean basin slope, mean basin elevation, percentage of area with hydrologic soil group A, mean monthly precipitation for November, mean seasonal precipitation in the winter (December, January, and February), and mean annual temperature. The root mean square error of the 47 equations ranged from 7.9 to 121.9 percent, with an average of 27.9 percent. The equations estimate flows most accurately near the mean (50-percent flow duration), become less accurate for low flows, and are the least accurate for extreme low flows. The root mean square error for the 50-percent flow duration is 15.1 percent, with an average of 17.6 percent across the six periods. The extreme low flow statistics of 7-day, 10-year low-flow frequency, 99-percent flow duration, and 99-percent rearing and growth period flow durations have root mean square errors of 121.9, 105.1, and 121.9 percent, respectively. The adjusted coefficient of determination of the 47 equations ranged from 73.4 to 99.5 percent, with an average of 95.1 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255027","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection and the Connecticut Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Ahearn, E.A., and Bent, G.C., 2025, Development of regression equations to estimate flow durations, low-flow frequencies, and mean flows at ungaged stream sites in Connecticut using data through water year 2022: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5027, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255027.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 54 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-165198","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
The U.S. Geological Survey, the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, and the Connecticut Department of Transportation collaboratively updated flow statistics for 118 streamgages and developed 47 regression equations to estimate key flow statistics in Connecticut. These included various flow durations and low-flow frequencies, as well as mean flow statistics for specific aquatic biological processes. The analysis used daily mean streamflow data from 40 streamgages with at least 10 years of data and incorporated basin characteristics such as drainage area and precipitation. The equations were most accurate near the mean flow (50-percent flow duration), with an average root mean square error of 27.9 percent, while accuracy decreased for low and extreme low flows. The adjusted coefficient of determination ranged from 73.4 to 99.5 percent, averaging 95.1 percent.
","publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahearn, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-5633-2640 eaahearn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-2640","contributorId":194658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahearn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eaahearn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":942790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bent, Gardner C. 0000-0002-5085-3146","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3146","contributorId":205226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"Gardner C.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70269483,"text":"70269483 - 2025 - Public support for puma reintroduction in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-19T15:30:07.710575","indexId":"70269483","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-23T09:17:45","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5803,"text":"Conservation Science and Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Public support for puma reintroduction in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"Pumas (Puma concolor) are among the species identified as having the potential to enhance ecosystem function. Previous research highlights sufficient ecological habitat to support pumas in the eastern United States; however, their reintroduction requires social and institutional support as well. To this end, we conducted research to assess attitudes about puma reintroduction among key constituencies like hunters, rural residents, and young people. We sampled 2756 respondents across seven states (Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and West Virginia). Ratios of strong support (for puma reintroduction) to strong opposition across states ranged from 4:1 to 13:1, and support outweighed opposition in every state. Our results contrasted with common assumptions that hunters, rural residents, and people who identify as politically conservative oppose carnivore conservation and reintroduction. We found marginal differences among categories of people, but overall little variation in support exhibited by different groups. People who identified very strongly as hunters were more supportive of reintroduction than those who did not identify as hunters at all. Taken together, the presence of quality habitat and support for puma restoration warrant further exploration. However, federal funding for state-based restoration efforts likely requires the inclusion of pumas in State Wildlife Action Plans (SWAPs), which are currently under a 10-year revision due to be published this year (2025).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70105","usgsCitation":"Elbroch, L.M., Murphy, J., Carlson, S., Vucetich, J.A., Berl, R.E., Galiardi, L., Perry, S., Butler, T., Carter, N., Hinton, J.W., Moehrenschlager, A., Carrollo, E.M., Bayrakcismith, R., and Bruskotter, J.T., 2025, Public support for puma reintroduction in the eastern United States: Conservation Science and Practice, v. 7, no. 8, e70105, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70105.","productDescription":"e70105, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-167680","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493306,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70105","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492827,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-70.59628,41.471905],[-70.450431,41.420703],[-70.496162,41.346452],[-70.802083,41.314207],[-70.59628,41.471905]]],[[[-70.092142,41.297741],[-69.960277,41.278731],[-70.256164,41.288123],[-70.092142,41.297741]]],[[[-71.502487,45.013367],[-71.443882,45.235462],[-70.898482,45.244088],[-70.684614,45.395071],[-70.688214,45.563981],[-70.259117,45.890755],[-70.290896,46.185838],[-70.057061,46.415036],[-69.997086,46.69523],[-69.22442,47.459686],[-69.066715,47.43024],[-69.0402,47.2451],[-68.893204,47.182974],[-68.292679,47.359476],[-67.790515,47.067921],[-67.803148,45.696127],[-67.476704,45.604157],[-67.489464,45.282653],[-67.390579,45.154114],[-67.145652,45.146667],[-66.986318,44.820657],[-68.049334,44.33073],[-68.22939,44.463496],[-68.191924,44.306675],[-68.339498,44.222893],[-68.3791,44.430049],[-68.529905,44.39907],[-68.528153,44.241263],[-68.982449,44.426195],[-69.031878,44.079036],[-69.259838,43.921427],[-69.851297,43.703581],[-70.026193,43.822587],[-70.176023,43.76079],[-70.810999,42.892375],[-70.772267,42.711064],[-70.595474,42.660336],[-70.996097,42.271222],[-70.754488,42.228673],[-70.471552,41.761563],[-70.008462,41.800786],[-70.169781,42.059736],[-70.082624,42.054657],[-69.935952,41.809422],[-69.976478,41.603664],[-70.329924,41.634578],[-70.902763,41.421061],[-70.658659,41.543385],[-70.623652,41.707398],[-71.12057,41.497448],[-71.458104,42.017762],[-73.432812,42.050587],[-73.482709,41.21276],[-73.727775,41.100696],[-73.782577,40.837601],[-72.635374,40.990536],[-72.245348,41.161217],[-72.273657,41.051533],[-72.116368,40.999796],[-71.869558,41.075046],[-73.145266,40.645491],[-73.934512,40.545175],[-74.013784,40.756601],[-73.896479,40.981697],[-74.694914,41.357423],[-75.135526,40.973807],[-75.188579,40.624628],[-74.733804,40.174509],[-75.140006,39.888465],[-75.799563,39.721882],[-79.476662,39.721078],[-79.412051,39.240546],[-78.795857,39.606934],[-78.474178,39.51624],[-78.143478,39.690412],[-77.853436,39.607117],[-77.761217,39.263721],[-78.032841,39.264403],[-78.347087,39.466012],[-78.436658,39.141691],[-78.865905,38.767034],[-78.993997,38.850102],[-79.26291,38.444586],[-79.649075,38.591515],[-80.314806,37.500943],[-80.475601,37.422949],[-81.67821,37.201483],[-82.487556,37.916975],[-82.598189,38.357885],[-82.205171,38.591719],[-82.091565,38.973778],[-81.819692,38.947016],[-81.692203,39.236091],[-80.865575,39.662751],[-80.602895,40.327869],[-80.652436,40.562544],[-80.52566,40.636068],[-80.519345,41.929168],[-78.868556,42.770258],[-79.061388,43.251349],[-78.370221,43.376505],[-76.952174,43.270692],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.133697,43.940356],[-76.360306,44.070907],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-74.946686,44.984665],[-71.502487,45.013367]]],[[[-74.144428,40.53516],[-74.219787,40.502603],[-74.120186,40.642201],[-74.144428,40.53516]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Massachusetts\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"7","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elbroch, L. Mark","contributorId":337813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elbroch","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":81049,"text":"Panthera","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Jazmin","contributorId":354020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Jazmin","affiliations":[{"id":84538,"text":"Wolf Conservation Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, Shelby","contributorId":358498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"Shelby","affiliations":[{"id":18155,"text":"The Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vucetich, John A.","contributorId":219329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vucetich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39990,"text":"School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Tech, Houghton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berl, Richard Eugene Waggaman 0000-0002-4154-1319","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4154-1319","contributorId":336851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berl","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene Waggaman","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Galiardi, Lexi","contributorId":358501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galiardi","given":"Lexi","affiliations":[{"id":18155,"text":"The Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Perry, Shelby","contributorId":358504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"Shelby","affiliations":[{"id":85638,"text":"Northeast Wilderness Trust","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Butler, Tom","contributorId":331422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37230,"text":"EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Carter, Neil H.","contributorId":245214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Neil H.","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hinton, Joseph W.","contributorId":179346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinton","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Moehrenschlager, Axel","contributorId":356086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moehrenschlager","given":"Axel","affiliations":[{"id":80508,"text":"IUCN Species Survival Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Carrollo, Emily M.","contributorId":204562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carrollo","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bayrakcismith, Rana","contributorId":358505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bayrakcismith","given":"Rana","affiliations":[{"id":81049,"text":"Panthera","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Bruskotter, Jeremy T.","contributorId":171472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruskotter","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16172,"text":"Ohio State University, Columbus, OH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70273373,"text":"70273373 - 2025 - From water to web: Trophic transfer of neonicotinoids from a wastewater effluent-dominated stream to riparian spiders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-09T17:41:12.353802","indexId":"70273373","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-22T11:32:52","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":23128,"text":"ACS Environmental Au","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From water to web: Trophic transfer of neonicotinoids from a wastewater effluent-dominated stream to riparian spiders","docAbstract":"Municipal wastewater is a known point source of organic contaminants, including pharmaceuticals and neonicotinoid insecticides. Emergent aquatic insects can provide a direct aquatic-to-terrestrial contaminant transfer route to the food web, with implications for terrestrial food web dispersal of wastewater-derived organic contaminants. We quantified 17 target pharmaceuticals and insecticides (log Kow: −1.43 to 4.75) in surface water, fish, aquatic insects, and web-building riparian spiders at a wastewater effluent-dominated stream in eastern Iowa, USA. Two neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and clothianidin, had spider tissue concentrations of 8.9–84 ng/g and 1.2–11 ng/g, respectively. The imidacloprid/clothianidin ratios in spider tissues were reflective of the concentration ratios in the effluent-dominated streamwater and opposite of nearby agriculturally dominated waters. In contrast, no pharmaceuticals were detectable in the riparian spiders; however, only pharmaceuticals were present in both fish and aquatic insects (1.1–11 ng/g and 5.9–51 ng/g, respectively). Neonicotinoids are not predicted to enter aquatic food webs based on their log Kow and bioconcentration factor values; therefore, an implication of this study is to warrant caution when using traditional bioaccumulation models for polar hydrophilic contaminants. This work provides further evidence that neonicotinoids undergo trophic transfer and represents the initial measurements, implicating such a transfer from effluent-dominated streams into terrestrial food webs. While this study emphasizes field-relevant observations, it is limited by environmental variability, including uncertainties in the biomass of emergent insects that likely contribute to spider diets. Future research could investigate contaminant metabolites within individual organisms or use complementary techniques to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00021","usgsCitation":"Mianecki, A.L., Behrens, J.R., Kolpin, D., Hemphill, G.R., Kapoor, K., and LeFevre, G.H., 2025, From water to web: Trophic transfer of neonicotinoids from a wastewater effluent-dominated stream to riparian spiders: ACS Environmental Au, v. 5, no. 5, p. 457-467, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00021.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"467","ipdsId":"IP-164873","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Muddy Creek","volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mianecki, A. L.","contributorId":364924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mianecki","given":"A.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behrens, J. R.","contributorId":358445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behrens","given":"J.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":205652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hemphill, G. R.","contributorId":364926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemphill","given":"G.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kapoor, K.","contributorId":364928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapoor","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LeFevre, G. H.","contributorId":364930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeFevre","given":"G.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}