Urban development and associated land-cover and land-use change alters the environment. The continued increase of developed land changes the Earth’s ecosystems and affects the resources provided to society. During the last 40 years, urban population in the United States has increased by more than 6.3 percent, and more than 80 percent of the U.S. population resides in urban areas. One of the changes associated with urbanization is the change of landscape features to structures such as buildings, roads, and other infrastructure that absorb and re-emit the heat of the sun more than natural landscapes such as forests and water bodies. This land-cover transition can result in an urban surface temperature that is higher than in a non-urban area, which is defined as a surface urban heat island (SUHI). A SUHI has a profound effect on the lives of urban residents and can exacerbate the risk of heat-related mortality associated with global climate change. The change of urban landscapes and climate conditions can affect the SUHI intensity. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a dataset of SUHI intensity and change from 1985 to 2020 over 50 cities in the United States using Landsat surface temperature (ST) and land-cover data. The data reveal SUHI spatial distributions and temporal trends in these cities. The 50-city mean SUHI intensity reaches 2.88 degrees Celsius (°C) (5.19 degrees Fahrenheit [°F]) and an average trend of 0.32 °C per decade (0.58 °F per decade). The data also provide spatial distributions of hotspots where annual mean ST is higher than in the surrounding areas that have the same urban land-cover type and high ST that repeated more than 50 percent of the time during 1985–2020 for 50 cities.
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47914 252nd Street
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In Minnesota, high-quality elevation data are essential for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, water supply and quality, coastal zone management, and many other business uses. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 511
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Montana, America’s fourth largest State with an area of 147,040 square miles, is defined by its diverse terrain. The western two-fifths of the State falls within the Rocky Mountains and the eastern three-fifths is in the Great Plains. Because of its location along the Continental Divide, the rivers in Montana drain into either the Pacific Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico. Montana is often called the Treasure State due to its mineral wealth, which includes oil, gas, and coal, but the State’s primary economic activity is agriculture. Other economic activities include natural resources conservation, water supply and quality, infrastructure and construction management, flood risk management, and geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233041","usgsCitation":"Carlson, T., 2023, The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Montana’s economy: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023–3041, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233041","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-146062","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422958,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3041/images/"},{"id":422955,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3041/fs20233041.pdf","text":"Report","size":"995 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2023-3041"},{"id":422956,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 511
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Because of its geography, Missouri is frequently subject to natural disasters. Ice storms, severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, and flooding are all common occurrences. Since 1990, Missouri has received 40 Federal major disaster declarations. Floods and droughts severely affect the State’s agriculture, which is a leading industry. Another potential major hazard is the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ), located in southeastern Missouri. Because Missouri is a major producer of lead, manufacturing and mining are very important to the State’s economy, as are restoring and reclaiming lands damaged by historical mining activities. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233042","usgsCitation":"Nail, D.S., 2023, The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Missouri’s economy: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023–3042, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233042","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-127176","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422536,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3042/fs20233042.XML"},{"id":422532,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3042/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":422534,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20233042/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 511
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) North Atlantic-Appalachian Region is developing the regionwide capacity to provide timely science support for decision-makers attempting to enhance carbon removal, sequestration, and emissions mitigation to meet national atmospheric carbon reduction goals. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported that in 2021, the fourteen States and the District of Columbia in the northeastern region account about for approximately 18 percent of the total national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This Fact Sheet provides a summary of USGS science information and ongoing and new investigations or data-collection programs that may help the northeastern region decrease the release of carbon-containing GHG to the atmosphere.
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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Inland flooding, sea-level rise, and pollution pose challenges for Maine’s infrastructure and natural resources. A highly detailed, three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface is allowing the State of Maine to address these challenges in an increasingly comprehensive and timely manner. In addition, highly accurate elevation data facilitate land development, forest management, agricultural practices, and wildlife conservation, all of which are key pillars of Maine’s economy. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed 3D model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 511
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"The water management system within developed communities includes stormwater, wastewater, and drinking-water sources and sinks. Each water management system component provides critical services that support public health in these areas. Stormwater can be quite variable and difficult to manage in developed communities because the amount of stormwater that must be routed through a developed area depends on changing land cover and variable precipitation. In addition to flooding concerns, stormwater also is a major cause of water contamination in developed communities because it carries contaminants such as trash, bacteria, heavy metals, and sediments to local waterways. Historically, communities have managed stormwater with gray infrastructure such as street gutters, culverts, sewer systems, and tunnels. Although these structures efficiently capture and route stormwater to a local waterway or treatment plant, they do not filter any contaminants. Furthermore, many older communities have combined storm sewer and sanitary sewer systems. These combined systems result in an excessive amount of wastewater to be treated before being released into receiving water or the untreated waters are released directly to receiving waters during storms.
Many communities are now incorporating green infrastructure stormwater mitigating solutions—pervious surfaces (allows water through), grassed swales, bioretention basins, and rain gardens—into their stormwater-management systems. Green infrastructure can absorb and filter stormwater where it falls by taking advantage of natural soil and plant storage and filtration capabilities. Thus, green infrastructure projects can potentially reduce the amount of stormwater and the concentration and transport of contaminants. Increasing green infrastructure in a developed community may reduce the requirements for new storm sewer infrastructure, improve the water quality of nearby waterways, and enhance aesthetics.
The U.S. Geological Survey has partnered with several cooperators to quantify the effects of green infrastructure projects in several developed communities throughout the central Midwest. As part of these green infrastructure projects, the U.S. Geological Survey Central Midwest Water Science Center and cooperators installed, calibrated, and monitored equipment to measure hydrologic responses (including flooding and water movement) and selected water-quality constituents in developed communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233043","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, A.A., Heimann, D.C., and Bailey, C.R., 2023, Hydrologic investigations of green infrastructure by the Central Midwest Water Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023–3043, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233043.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-147766","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499695,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115581.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":499694,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115580.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":421980,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3043/fs20233043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.31 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2023–3043"},{"id":421979,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3043/images"},{"id":421978,"rank":2,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3043/fs20233043.XML","text":"XML"},{"id":421976,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3043/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":421981,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20233043/full","text":"HTML","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"contact":"Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Avenue
Helena, MT 59601
LANDFIRE Help Desk
Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Due to Idaho’s inland location approximately 350 miles from the Pacific Ocean and its 80 recognized mountain ranges, the State’s climate varies widely, with maritime influence in the northern and western parts of Idaho and continental influence on the eastern side. The weather in the abundant mountains is unpredictable and often associated with natural hazards such as severe thunder and lightning storms leading to flooding, landslides, and wildfires. Issues important to Idaho’s economy include river, stream, and forest resource management, and infrastructure and construction management. Idaho participated in the U.S. Geological Survey 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) in 2016, the State’s first 3DEP project. The success of this project led to development of the Idaho Statewide Lidar Plan. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233035","usgsCitation":"Carlson, T., 2023, The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Idaho’s economy: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023–3035, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233035.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-146166","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421592,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3035/fs20233035.XML"},{"id":421591,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3035/images/"},{"id":421590,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20233035/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 511
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Floods account for more than 75 percent of Federal disaster declarations and lead other natural disasters in economic costs. Early-warning systems have lowered flood-related fatalities, but costs continue to rise as flood-prone areas continue to be urbanized (U.S. Geological Survey, 2006). A Lake Champlain case study shows that at moderate flood heights, the economic costs of non-structural damages or losses—such as temporary lodging, residential debris removal, commercial revenue losses, and road repair—can be greater than economic damages to buildings. For unprecedented flood heights, non-structural damages can still total more than 10 percent of structural damage costs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233034","usgsCitation":"Rhodes, C., 2023, Flood damage costs beyond buildings—A Lake Champlain case study: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023–3034, 6p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233034.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-146142","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421549,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XWERGY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U.S.-Side Principal Economic Indicators For the International Joint Commission Lake Champlain Richelieu River Study Project (2022)"},{"id":421545,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3034/fs20233034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.65 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2023-3034"},{"id":421544,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3034/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":421546,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20233034/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2023-3034"},{"id":421547,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3034/images/"},{"id":421548,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3034/fs20233034.XML"},{"id":499692,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115451.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"New York, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.74618031431513,\n 43.36987616984206\n ],\n [\n -72.8562877361902,\n 43.36987616984206\n ],\n [\n -72.8562877361902,\n 45.31812414639214\n ],\n [\n -73.74618031431513,\n 45.31812414639214\n ],\n [\n -73.74618031431513,\n 43.36987616984206\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Science and Decisions Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr.
Mail Stop 310
Reston, VA 20192
Tidally influenced coastal wetlands, both saline and fresh, appear where terrestrial and marine environments meet and are considered important ecosystems for identifying the impacts of climate change. Coastal wetlands provide valuable benefits to society and the environment in the form of flood protection, water-quality improvements, and shoreline erosion reduction, making them one of the most important ecosystems in the world. Historically, these ecosystems have vertically adjusted to match rising sea levels through biologic and physical processes, but they are increasingly vulnerable to submergence as sea-level rise accelerates. Measuring vertical change on lands protected from human influence allows scientists to understand how vulnerable coastal wetlands are to submergence. But to fully understand this vulnerability, scientists must identify where vertical change in coastal wetlands is being measured across the lower 48 United States, a task that has not yet been undertaken. In this Fact Sheet, we document the spatial distribution of vertical change measurements in coastal wetlands to inform where gaps may still be in the Surface Elevation Table–Marker Horizon (SET-MH) coverage within protected lands across the lower 48 United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233039","usgsCitation":"Neville, J.A., and Gutenspergen, G.R., 2023, Spatial Distribution of Elevation Change Monitoring in Coastal Wetlands Across Protected Lands of the Lower 48 United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023–3029, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233039.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-155035","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420847,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3039/fs20233039.XML"},{"id":499693,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
Oregon’s physical environments and vegetation are diverse. The varied geologic and climatic conditions combined with increasing population have created the need for high-quality elevation data that can be used for infrastructure management, forestry and wildfire management, agriculture, natural resources conservation, and other business uses. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 511
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Every year in the United States, natural hazards threaten lives and livelihoods, resulting in thousands of casualties and billions of dollars in damage. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Natural Hazards Mission Area works with many partners to monitor, assess, and research a wide range of natural hazards, including earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. These efforts aim to enhance community preparedness, response, and resilience. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (EHP) provides earthquake monitoring and notifications, assesses seismic hazards, and conducts targeted research to reduce the risk of earthquake hazards nationwide. The USGS Volcano Hazards Program (VHP) delivers forecasts, warnings, and information about volcanic hazards based on proactive monitoring of the nation’s active volcanoes and scientific understanding of volcanic processes. The VHP also conducts targeted research on volcanic processes and creates hazards assessments that inform the level of monitoring required at each of the nation’s active volcanoes. Earthquake and volcano early warning systems are essential to disaster risk reduction: they can save lives and reduce property damage by quickly distributing messages and warnings to communities in harm’s way.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233033","programNote":"Volcano Hazards Program","usgsCitation":"Wilkins, A., Mandeville, C., Power, J., and Given, D., 2023, Comparison of earthquake early warning systems and the national volcano early warning system at the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023-3033, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233033.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-139283","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419798,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3033/fs20233033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2023-3033"},{"id":419797,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3033/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":419968,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3033/images/"},{"id":419967,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20233033/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2023-3033"},{"id":419969,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3033/fs20233033.XML"}],"contact":"Associate Director, Natural Hazards
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., Mail Stop 905
Reston, VA 20192
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides a wide range of streamflow, groundwater, and water-quality data to Government, commercial, academic, and public users. The USGS has a record of success with using optical turbidity sensors to predict suspended-sediment concentrations in rivers and streams. Turbidity sensors collect backscatter signals from suspended particles in water, which can be accurately measured and linked closely to hazardous contaminants that travel on the surfaces of suspended particles. Contaminant concentrations derived from the statistical relations between turbidity and contaminants like copper and lead can then be measured in real-time.
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Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean continuous resources of 0.8 billion barrels of oil and 16 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Upper Jurassic Smackover Formation of the onshore U.S. Gulf Coast region.
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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
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Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 3.8 billion barrels of oil and 20.7 trillion cubic feet of gas offshore of Morocco.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233027","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Woodall, C.A., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Drake, R.M., II, Ellis, G.S., Finn, T.M., Gardner, M.H., Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Marra, K.R., Timm, K.K., and Young, S.S., 2023, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the offshore Salt Basin area of Morocco, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023–3027, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233027.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-142574","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419367,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20233027/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2023-3027"},{"id":419366,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3027/fs20233027.xml"},{"id":419256,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92Q4MG9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Offshore Morocco: Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":419255,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3027/fs20233027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"724 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2023-3027"},{"id":419254,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3027/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":419365,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3027/images"}],"country":"Morocco","otherGeospatial":"Offshore Salt Basin Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -16.764958225284346,\n 28.97467751691741\n ],\n [\n -5.344077136262143,\n 28.97467751691741\n ],\n [\n -5.344077136262143,\n 37.240228139496494\n ],\n [\n -16.764958225284346,\n 37.240228139496494\n ],\n [\n -16.764958225284346,\n 28.97467751691741\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
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Box 25046, MS-939
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The maps and graphs describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2022 (October 1, 2021, to September 30, 2022) in the context of streamflow ranks relative to the 93-year period of water years 1930–2022. Annual runoff in the Nation’s rivers and streams during water year 2022 (8.97 inches) was a slighter smaller than the long-term (1930–2022) mean annual runoff of 9.39 inches for the contiguous United States. Nationwide, the 2022 streamflow ranked the 60th highest out of the 93 years.
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415 National Center
Reston, Virginia 20192
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated a mean of 5.2 trillion cubic feet of coalbed gas in the Vermejo Formation and Raton Formation of the Raton Basin-Sierra Grande Uplift Province.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233020","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Finn, T.M., Mercier, T.J., Woodall, C.A., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Drake, R.M., II, Ellis, G.S., Gardner, M.H., Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Marra, K.R., Timm, K.K., and Young, S.S., 2023, Assessment of coalbed gas resources in the Raton Basin-Sierra Grande Uplift Province, Colorado and New Mexico, 2022: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023–3020, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233020.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-145278","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418687,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96I4K6F","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Raton Basin-Sierra Grande Uplift Province: Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":418729,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3020/fs20233020.xml"},{"id":418930,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/fs20233020/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2023-3020"},{"id":418685,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3020/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":499685,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114956.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":418686,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3020/fs20233020.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.50 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2023-3020"},{"id":418728,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3020/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Raton Basin-Sierra Grande Uplift Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.30,\n 37.40\n ],\n [\n -105.30,\n 36.30\n ],\n [\n -104.00,\n 36.30\n ],\n [\n -104.00,\n 37.40\n ],\n [\n -105.30,\n 37.40\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
The Rocky Mountains and the Colorado River Basin in the Western United States represent complex, interconnected systems that sustain a number of species, including tens of millions of humans. These systems face several challenges, including worsening drought, altered wildfire regimes, climate change, and the spread of invasive species. These factors can exacerbate one another, further contributing to habitat loss and affecting species of conservation concern. Characterizing and managing these challenges require interdisciplinary communities of scientists to develop information and decision-support tools that can inform holistic land and water management solutions. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Rocky Mountain Region 2022 Science Exchange focused on the use of interdisciplinary and state-of-the-art science being conducted by USGS scientists in the region to address these complex problems.
The USGS Rocky Mountain Regional Office organized its first Science Exchange in 2017 to share scientific information between leaders and early career scientists throughout the region. Science Exchanges held in 2018 and 2020 focused on drought science relevant to the region and the Earth Monitoring, Analyses, and Prediction (EarthMAP) concept, which is designed to facilitate interdisciplinary, timely, and actionable science related to drought in the Colorado River Basin and other areas. Based on the emerging need for more holistic approaches to address increasingly complex natural resource issues that affect society, the Region hosted a virtual fourth Science Exchange for three days in April 2022. This event focused on barriers and bridges to interdisciplinary science and highlighted studies from the Region to inspire collaboration across disciplines. Presentations described recent and ongoing research that applied collaborative and state-of-the-art methods to address problems in the fields of geology, hydrology, ecology, and natural hazards. Science collaboration and outreach to all levels of stakeholders are vital elements needed for providing timely and actionable data, interpretations, analytical tools, and products. These presentations led to active online chats and panel discussions and showcased interdisciplinary science and advanced methods that may inform and lead to more effective, holistic management decisions as the Western United States adapts to ongoing and future changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233017","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.E., French, K.L., Oden, J.H., Anderson, P.J., Titus, T.N., Dahm, K.G., Driscoll, J., Andrews, W.J., 2022, U.S. Geological Survey Rocky Mountain Region 2022 Science Exchange, Showcasing Interdisciplinary and State-of-the-Art USGS Science, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023-3017, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233017.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-144708","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418590,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3017/images"},{"id":418591,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3017/fs20233017.xml"},{"id":418596,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20233017/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2023-3017"},{"id":418480,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3017/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":418481,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3017/fs20233017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2023-3017"}],"contact":"Director, Region 7 - Upper Colorado Basin
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-911
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Ecosystems—whether agricultural, urban, or natural—depend on pollinators, great and small. Pollinators in the form of bees, birds, butterflies, bats, and even moths provide vital, but often invisible services, from contributing to biodiverse terrestrial wildlife and plant communities to supporting healthy watersheds. Pollinator declines worldwide have been noted as land-use and climate changes occur on the landscape. This is alarming because up to 75 percent of crop species that are important for human food production depend on pollinators for production.
Biodiversity of pollinators in the United States includes more than 4,000 species of insects, birds, and mammals. Pollinator species in the United States are in crisis based on broad-scale changes in land-use and climate. The Committee on the Status of Pollinators in North America summarized active and passive management alternatives to benefit pollinators and reduce their decline. Because assessment of pollinators in the United States has historically lagged behind other regions of the world, the Committee challenged the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to develop conservation plans, for pollinators, including quantification of the effects of climate change. As an example of the immediate need to focus efforts on pollinator conservation, Inouye and others cited the USFWS’s 2017 listing of the rusty-patched bumble bee (Bombus affinis) as Endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973. Strategies are developed to accomplish pollinator conservation goals and the USGS is contributing scientific expertise toward those goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233026","programNote":"Cooperative Research Units Program","usgsCitation":"Irwin, E., and Mawdsley, J., 2023, Pollinator conservation and climate science at the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023–3026, 4 p., \nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233026.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-153934","costCenters":[{"id":203,"text":"Cooperative Research Unit Atlanta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3026/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":418287,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/fs20233026/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2023-3026"},{"id":418288,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3026/images/"},{"id":418289,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3026/fs20233026.XML"},{"id":499689,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114933.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":418095,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3026/fs20233026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2023-3026"}],"contact":"Ecosystems Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, Virginia 20192
Freshwater is a vital natural resource. New York is a water-rich State; however, even here, the economical use of water resources is needed to ensure there is enough water of adequate quality for human and ecological needs—now and into the future. Nowhere in New York is this more evident than on Long Island where public-water supply is obtained from the sole-source aquifers directly beneath the 3 million people that live there. The U.S. Geological Survey works in partnership with the Nassau County Department of Public Works and Department of Health to monitor streamflow, groundwater, water quality, and water use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233024","usgsCitation":"Breault, R.F., Masterson, J.P., Busciolano, R., and Fisher, I., 2023, A century of hydrologic data collection prepares western Long Island for current and future water-resources challenges (ver. 1.1, July 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023–3024, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233024.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-145029","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419071,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3024/versionHist.txt","size":"2.88 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":419068,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20233024/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2023-3024"},{"id":418370,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3024/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":499688,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114776.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":419070,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3024/fs20233024.XML"},{"id":419069,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3024/images/"},{"id":419067,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3024/fs20233024.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2023-3024"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"western Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.47830294208853,\n 40.943716469005324\n ],\n [\n -73.78304279806949,\n 40.943716469005324\n ],\n [\n -73.78304279806949,\n 40.52975156287121\n ],\n [\n -73.47830294208853,\n 40.52975156287121\n ],\n [\n -73.47830294208853,\n 40.943716469005324\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: June 2023; Version 1.1: July 2023","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
In recent years, Arkansas has coordinated with Federal and local partners to improve the quality and availability of high-resolution elevation data for the State. With high-quality elevation data, Arkansas can improve services offered to the public and within government, resulting in better quality of life, improved public safety, and higher return on investments. Elevation data are beneficial in numerous business activities, including agriculture and precision farming, flood risk management, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, infrastructure and construction management, urban and regional planning, and natural resources conservation. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) is managed by the U.S. Geological Survey in partnership with Federal, State, Tribal, U.S. territorial, and local agencies to acquire consistent lidar coverage at quality level 2 or better to meet the many needs of the Nation and Arkansas. This fact sheet shows the status of available and in-progress 3DEP baseline lidar data in Arkansas.
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12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 511
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Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"The islands of Hawaiʻi were built by basaltic shield volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean. These volcanoes formed aquifers that supply hundreds of millions of gallons of fresh water per day to the islands’ residents and diverse industries. Groundwater discharge from the volcanic aquifers to streams and the coast also supports traditional practices and ecosystems. The aquifers' capacity to yield fresh groundwater is limited, however, by limitations placed on the consequences of groundwater withdrawal, such as water-table depression, rise of saltwater, and reduction of groundwater to streams, springs, and the ocean. The magnitude of these consequences will change if groundwater recharge changes as a result of climate and land-use changes. This fact sheet summarizes groundwater availability and its relation to the consequences of groundwater withdrawals in the volcanic aquifers of Hawaiʻi. This topic was addressed in detail in the Hawaiʻi Volcanic Aquifer Study (https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1876).
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director,
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Inouye Regional Center
1845 Wasp Blvd., B176
Honolulu, HI 96818
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated means of 220 million barrels of continuous oil and 1 trillion cubic feet of continuous gas in the Bakken Formation of northwest Montana.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233016","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Gardner, M.H., Mercier, T.J., Woodall, C.A., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Drake, R.M., II, Ellis, G.S., Finn, T.M., Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Marra, K.R., Timm, K.K., Young, S.S., 2023, Assessment of continuous oil and gas resources in the Bakken Formation of northwest Montana, 2022: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023–3016, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233016.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-144593","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499683,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114771.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":417922,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20233016/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2023-3016"},{"id":417793,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U35UM2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Northwest Montana Bakken Formation: Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":417792,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3016/fs20233016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"892 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2023-3016"},{"id":417917,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3016/images"},{"id":417918,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3016/fs20233016.xml"},{"id":417791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3016/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Bakken Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.81657499607,\n 48.970650000897166\n ],\n [\n -116.22417773425818,\n 48.970650000897166\n ],\n [\n -116.22417773425818,\n 46.04840118266131\n ],\n [\n -108.81657499607,\n 46.04840118266131\n ],\n [\n -108.81657499607,\n 48.970650000897166\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046