Although the round goby Neogobius melanostomus has become established throughout the Laurentian Great Lakes, a multi-model inference (MMI) approach toward characterizing round goby growth in the Laurentian Great Lakes has yet to applied using otolith-derived data. Further, spatial variation in round goby growth among lakes has yet to be investigated. For each sex, growth of round gobies at three locations of Lake Michigan and four locations of Lake Huron was investigated using MMI, based on information theory, with three candidate growth models. These three growth models included the von Bertalanffy model, the Gompertz model, and the logistic model. The von Bertalanffy model was most often selected (13 out of 14 cases) as the ‘best’ model among all candidate models, followed by the logistic model. None of the best models were strongly supported as a ‘clear winner’. At least one additional model was supported by the data in each of the 14 cases, indicating that there is a substantial degree of uncertainty in model selection. When model selection uncertainty was ignored, standard errors of growth parameters were underestimated in 8 of the 14 cases. Overall, round gobies in Lake Michigan attained larger sizes at age and grew faster than in Lake Huron. Based on multi-model inference, our study provided a robust assessment of round goby growth, which will be essential in better managing sport fisheries in both lakes.
To what extent can the future evolution of an ongoing earthquake rupture be predicted? This question of fundamental scientific and practical importance has recently been addressed by studies of teleseismic source time functions (STFs) but reaching contrasting conclusions. One study concludes that the initial portion of STFs is the same regardless of magnitude. Another study concludes that the rate at which earthquakes grow increases systematically and strongly with final event magnitudes. Here we show that the latter reported trend is caused by a selection bias towards events with unusually long durations, and by estimates of STF growth made when the STF is already decaying. If these invalid estimates are left out, the trend is no longer present, except during the first few seconds of the smallest events in the dataset, Mw5–6.5, for which the reliability of the STF amplitudes is questionable. Simple synthetic tests show that the observations are consistent with statistically indistinguishable growth of smaller and larger earthquakes. A much weaker trend is apparent among events of comparable duration, but we argue that its significance is not resolvable by the current data. Finally, we propose a nomenclature to facilitate further discussions of earthquake rupture predictability and determinism.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggaa610","usgsCitation":"Meier, M., Ampuero, P., Cochran, E.S., and Page, M.T., 2021, Apparent earthquake rupture predictability: Geophysical Journal International, v. 225, p. 657-663, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa610.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"657","endPage":"663","ipdsId":"IP-124434","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa610","text":"External Repository"},{"id":382147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"225","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meier, M.-A.","contributorId":222138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meier","given":"M.-A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ampuero, P.","contributorId":247704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ampuero","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49622,"text":"Université Côte d’Azur","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Page, Morgan T. 0000-0001-9321-2990 mpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-2990","contributorId":3762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Morgan","email":"mpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70219488,"text":"70219488 - 2021 - Shared functional traits explain synchronous changes in long‐term count trends of migratory raptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-26T16:09:06.790716","indexId":"70219488","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-26T06:49:09","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shared functional traits explain synchronous changes in long‐term count trends of migratory raptors","docAbstract":"Assessing long‐term shifts in faunal assemblages is important to understand the consequences of ongoing global environmental change. One approach to assess drivers of assemblage changes is to identify the traits associated with synchronous shifts in count trends among species. Our research identified traits influencing trends in 73 years of count data on migrating raptors recorded in the north‐eastern USA.
Pennsylvania, USA.
1946–2018.
Birds of prey/raptors.
Migrating raptors were counted during autumn, following a standardized protocol. We used a hierarchical breakpoint model to identify when count trends shifted and to assess the role of traits in driving these trends before and after the breakpoint. Specifically, we quantified the probability of the direction (PD) of an effect of body mass, habitat or dietary specialization, migratory behaviour and susceptibility to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) on count trends.
We documented an assemblage‐wide mean shift in count trends of migrating raptors in 1974. In general, species that exhibited negative count trends before the breakpoint exhibited positive count trends afterwards. We found that traits associated with resource use (diet and habitat specialization) had high probabilities of affecting count trends, pre‐ and post‐breakpoint (> 90%). Moreover, the direction of their effects differed during both periods. Unexpectedly, other traits we evaluated, including DDT susceptibility, had relatively weaker associations with count trends.
Trait‐based frameworks have promise for testing generalized assumptions about drivers of population trajectories. Historically, DDT was considered a key driver of changes in raptor population trends. However, our analysis suggests that other factors were also relevant. Moreover, the positive association between count trends and generalist behaviour depended on the temporal context. This result has implications for other settings where demographic trends can be linked to traits and help to identify drivers of biodiversity change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/geb.13242","usgsCitation":"Dumandan, P.K., Bildstein, K.L., Goodrich, L.J., Zaiats, A., Caughlin, T., and Katzner, T., 2021, Shared functional traits explain synchronous changes in long‐term count trends of migratory raptors: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 30, no. 3, p. 640-650, https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13242.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"640","endPage":"650","ipdsId":"IP-118350","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70217095,"text":"70217095 - 2021 - Fire controls annual bromes in northern great plains grasslands—Up to a point","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T13:33:28.974582","indexId":"70217095","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-25T07:31:14","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6002,"text":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire controls annual bromes in northern great plains grasslands—Up to a point","docAbstract":"Concern about the impacts of two invasive annual brome grasses (cheatgrass and Japanese brome, Bromus tectorum L. and B. japonicus Thunb. ex Murray) on the mixed-grass prairie of North America's northern Great Plains (NGP) is growing. Cheatgrass is well known west of the NGP, where replacement of fire-intolerant, native sagebrush steppe by fire-prone, exotic annual grasslands is widespread. Consequently, fire is often not considered as a tool for controlling annual bromes. This should not be the case in the NGP, where mixed-grass prairie is adapted to frequent fires. Fire's efficacy may vary with the degree of invasion, though; suppressing postfire annual brome populations or enhancing the native plant community may improve postfire annual brome control in highly invaded areas. To test this, we performed an experiment at two sites to evaluate the relative effectiveness of prescribed fire alone, fire followed by imazapic application and fire followed by native seeding across a pretreatment invasion gradient of annual brome-to-native species cover ranging from 0.05 to 2.35. Fall-prescribed fire alone greatly reduced annual bromes, but by the second yr after treatment the effect was significant only at invasion ratios < 1.2. Postfire imazapic application reduced annual bromes even further than fire alone, but only for 1 yr at the less invaded site and only at invasion ratios > 1.2 in yr 2 at the other site. Native species cover and total species richness responded positively to all treatments, but the degree of their response varied along the invasion gradient, between sites, with time since treatment and among treatments. Also, at one site, fire yielded a lagged stimulation of short-lived, exotic forbs. Seeding had little effect. Fire is an effective tool for reducing annual bromes in the NGP at lower invasion levels, but more tools are needed for long-term, effective control at highly invaded sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2020.11.003","usgsCitation":"Symstad, A., Buhl, D.A., and Swanson, D., 2021, Fire controls annual bromes in northern great plains grasslands—Up to a point: Rangeland Ecology & Management, v. 75, p. 17-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2020.11.003.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"28","ipdsId":"IP-119284","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454011,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2020.11.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99MUP9L","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Plant community data for annual brome management experimental plots in grasslands of Badlands National Park, South Dakota, and Scotts Bluff National Monument, Nebraska, 2015-2018"},{"id":381944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symstad, Amy 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":201095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhl, Deborah A. 0000-0002-8563-5990 dbuhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":146226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Deborah","email":"dbuhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Daniel J","contributorId":240932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swanson","given":"Daniel J","affiliations":[{"id":48165,"text":"National Park Service, Hot Springs, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70217529,"text":"70217529 - 2021 - Lake-wide annual status of Mysis diluviana population in Lake Michigan in 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T22:04:54.274228","indexId":"70217529","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-23T15:02:10","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Lake-wide annual status of Mysis diluviana population in Lake Michigan in 2015","title":"Lake-wide annual status of Mysis diluviana population in Lake Michigan in 2015","docAbstract":"Mysis diluviana is one of the most abundant zooplankton by biomass in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America, a predator of other zooplankton and an important prey for fishes. Studies of long-term trends in Lake Michigan have shown 2005–2016 densities to be 50–80% lower than 1990s densities, but these observations have been based on annual monitoring that is either spatially or seasonally limited. We combined Lake Michigan Mysis data from three annual programs and the 2015 Cooperative Science and Monitoring Initiative to achieve broad spatial coverage during spring, summer, and fall of 2015 and broad depth coverage during spring 2016. Lake-wide, annual density and biomass were 82 (SE: 10) Mysis/m2 and 200 (SE: 36) mg dry mass/m2. Density and biomass estimates were highest offshore, generally higher in the north basin, and seasonally highest in summer. Annual lake-wide averages for depths >30 m were better captured by seasonally-extensive annual programs than spatially-extensive annual programs, although spring sampling may bias annual values low. Mysis cohorts grew 0.026 mm/d (age-0) and 0.007 to 0.027 mm/d (age-1). Annual mortality was 81–98%. Reproduction was fall-spring and seasonal lake-wide estimates ranged from 0.6 to 19.1% females brooding, 13–20 embryos/brood, and 3–46 embryos/m2. Annual production (423 mg dry mass/m2/yr, SE: 31) was lower than all but one previous estimate from lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario. While Mysis tend to persist, low Mysis production may be a concern for prey fishes that feed on Mysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2020.11.012","usgsCitation":"Holda, T., Rudstam, L.G., Pothoven, S.A., Warner, D., Krystenko, D.S., and Watkins, J.M., 2021, Lake-wide annual status of Mysis diluviana population in Lake Michigan in 2015: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 47, no. 1, p. 190-203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2020.11.012.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"203","ipdsId":"IP-118982","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2020.11.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n 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G.","contributorId":56609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pothoven, Steven A.","contributorId":92998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pothoven","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warner, David 0000-0003-4939-5368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-5368","contributorId":216543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krystenko, Dmytro S.","contributorId":248259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krystenko","given":"Dmytro","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Watkins, James M.","contributorId":189286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watkins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70263411,"text":"70263411 - 2021 - Rupture process of the M6.5 Stanley, Idaho, earthquake inferred from seismic waveform and geodetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-10T16:40:39.947665","indexId":"70263411","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-23T10:36:01","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture process of the M6.5 Stanley, Idaho, earthquake inferred from seismic waveform and geodetic data","docAbstract":"The 2020 M 6.5 Stanley, Idaho, earthquake produced rupture in the north of the active Sawtooth fault in the northern basin and range at depth, without any observable surface rupture. Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data yield several millimeters of static offsets out to ∼100 km from the rupture and up to ∼0.1 m of near‐field crustal deformation. We combine the GPS and InSAR data with long‐period regional seismic waveforms to derive models of kinematic slip and afterslip. We find that the coseismic rupture is complex, likely involving up to 2 m combined left‐lateral strike slip and normal slip on a previously unidentified ∼south‐southeast‐striking fault. This slip is predominantly left‐lateral strike slip, different from the dominant east‐northeast–west‐northwest normal faulting of the region. At least one ∼northeast‐trending fault, likely associated with the Trans‐Challis fault system, is inferred to have accommodated a few decimeters of right‐lateral afterslip, consistent with vigorous aftershock activity at depth along northeast‐trending lineations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220200315","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Hammond, W.C., and Wicks, C., 2021, Rupture process of the M6.5 Stanley, Idaho, earthquake inferred from seismic waveform and geodetic data: Seismological Research Letters, v. 92, no. 2A, p. 699-709, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200315.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"709","ipdsId":"IP-124061","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481877,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Stanley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.45,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -115.45,\n 43.99\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 43.99\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -115.45,\n 44.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"2A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":926887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammond, William C.","contributorId":73735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":926888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":926889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70222340,"text":"70222340 - 2021 - A long-term geothermal observatory across subseafloor gas hydrates, IODP Hole U1364A, Cascadia accretionary prism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-22T14:58:08.11708","indexId":"70222340","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-21T09:52:15","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9110,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A long-term geothermal observatory across subseafloor gas hydrates, IODP Hole U1364A, Cascadia accretionary prism","docAbstract":"We report 4 years of temperature profiles collected from May 2014 to May 2018 in Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Hole U1364A in the frontal accretionary prism of the Cascadia subduction zone. The temperature data extend to depths of nearly 300 m below seafloor (mbsf), spanning the gas hydrate stability zone at the location and a clear bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) at ∼230 mbsf. When the hole was drilled in 2010, a pressure-monitoring Advanced CORK (ACORK) observatory was installed, sealed at the bottom by a bridge plug and cement below 302 mbsf. In May 2014, a temperature profile was collected by lowering a probe down the hole from the ROV ROPOS. From July 2016 through May 2018, temperature data were collected during a nearly two-year deployment of a 24-thermistor cable installed to 268 m below seafloor (mbsf). The cable and a seismic-tilt instrument package also deployed in 2016 were connected to the Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) NEPTUNE cabled observatory in June of 2017, after which the thermistor temperatures were logged by Ocean Networks Canada at one-minute intervals until failure of the main ethernet switch in the integrated seafloor control unit in May 2018. The thermistor array had been designed with concentrated vertical spacing around the bottom-simulating reflector and two pressure-monitoring screens at 203 and 244 mbsf, with wider thermistor spacing elsewhere to document the geothermal state up to seafloor. The 4 years of data show a generally linear temperature gradient of 0.055°C/m consistent with a heat flux of 61–64 mW/m2. The data show no indications of thermal transients. A slight departure from a linear gradient provides an approximate limit of ∼10−10 m/s for any possible slow upward advection of pore fluids. In-situ temperatures are ∼15.8°C at the BSR position, consistent with methane hydrate stability at that depth and pressure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","doi":"10.3389/feart.2020.568566","usgsCitation":"Becker, K.E., Davis, E.E., Hessemann, M., Collins, J.A., and McGuire, J., 2021, A long-term geothermal observatory across subseafloor gas hydrates, IODP Hole U1364A, Cascadia accretionary prism: Frontiers in Earth Sciences, v. 8, 568566, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.568566.","productDescription":"568566, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119212","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.568566","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia subduction zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.3759765625,\n 49.10983779052439\n ],\n [\n -133.22021484375,\n 48.472921272487824\n ],\n [\n -135.46142578124997,\n 47.32393057095941\n ],\n [\n -136.6259765625,\n 46.14939437647686\n ],\n [\n -135.46142578124997,\n 45.413876460821086\n ],\n [\n -132.802734375,\n 45.49094569262732\n ],\n [\n -130.36376953125,\n 45.38301927899065\n ],\n [\n -126.38671874999999,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -125.3759765625,\n 49.10983779052439\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, K. Elizabeth","contributorId":196545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, E. E.","contributorId":261294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":52792,"text":"Geol. Surv. of Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hessemann, M.","contributorId":261295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hessemann","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52794,"text":"Ocean Networks Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collins, J. A.","contributorId":213074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGuire, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-9235-2166","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-2166","contributorId":219786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70217010,"text":"70217010 - 2021 - Water storage decisions will determine the distribution and persistence of imperiled river fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T21:29:37.176863","indexId":"70217010","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-17T06:38:41","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water storage decisions will determine the distribution and persistence of imperiled river fishes","docAbstract":"Managing the world’s freshwater supply to meet societal and environmental needs in a changing climate is one of the biggest challenges for the 21st century. Dams provide water security, however, the allocation of dwindling water supply among reservoirs could exacerbate or ameliorate the effects of climate change on aquatic communities. Here, we show that the relative sensitivity of river thermal regimes to direct impacts of climate change and societal decisions concerning water storage vary substantially throughout a river basin. In the absence of interspecific interactions, future Colorado River temperatures would appear to benefit both endemic and nonnative fish species. However, endemic species are already declining or extirpated in locations where their ranges overlap with warmwater nonnatives and changes in water storage may lead to warming in some of the coolest portions of the river basin, facilitating further nonnative expansion. Integrating environmental considerations into ongoing water storage negotiations may lead to better resource outcomes than mitigating nonnative species impacts after the fact.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2279","usgsCitation":"Dibble, K.L., Yackulic, C., Kennedy, T., Bestgen, K.R., and Schmidt, J.C., 2021, Water storage decisions will determine the distribution and persistence of imperiled river fishes: Ecological Applications, v. 31, no. 2, e02279, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2279.","productDescription":"e02279, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098535","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2279","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HFKV7Q","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water temperature models, data and code for the Colorado, Green, San Juan, Yampa, and White rivers in the Colorado River basin"},{"id":436616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HFKV7Q","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water temperature models, data and code for the Colorado, Green, San Juan, Yampa, and White rivers in the Colorado River basin"},{"id":381641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dibble, Kimberly L. 0000-0003-0799-4477 kdibble@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0799-4477","contributorId":5174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dibble","given":"Kimberly","email":"kdibble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":218825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore 0000-0003-3477-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":221741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bestgen, Kevin R. 0000-0001-8691-2227","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8691-2227","contributorId":171573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bestgen","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70219562,"text":"70219562 - 2021 - Performance of the ecosystem demography model (EDv2.2) in simulating gross primary production capacity and activity in a dryland study area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-13T12:30:22.334486","indexId":"70219562","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-15T07:27:42","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance of the ecosystem demography model (EDv2.2) in simulating gross primary production capacity and activity in a dryland study area","docAbstract":"Dryland ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon cycle, including regulating the inter-annual global carbon sink. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are essential tools that can help us better understand carbon cycling in different ecosystems. Currently, there is limited knowledge of the performance of these models in drylands partly due to characterizing the heterogeneity of the vegetation and hydrometeorological conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a DGVM for drylands to facilitate improved understanding of gross primary production (GPP) as one of the important components of the carbon cycle. We performed a sensitivity analysis and calibrated the Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) DGVM to simulate GPP in a dryland watershed (Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho) in the western US for the years 2000-2017. GPP capacity and activity were investigated by comparing model simulations with GPP estimated from eddy covariance data (available from 2015-2017) and remote sensing products (2000-2017). Our results show good performance of EDv2.2 at daily timesteps (
This is the first assessment of groundwater from public-supply wells across the United States to analyze for >100 pesticide degradates and to provide human-health context for degradates without benchmarks. Samples from 1204 wells in aquifers representing 70% of the volume pumped for drinking supply were analyzed for 109 pesticides (active ingredients) and 116 degradates. Among the 41% of wells where pesticide compounds were detected, nearly two-thirds contained compound mixtures and three-quarters contained degradates. Atrazine, hexazinone, prometon, tebuthiuron, four atrazine degradates, and one metolachlor degradate were each detected in >5% of wells. Detection frequencies were largest for aquifers with more shallow, unconfined wells producing modern-age groundwater. To screen for potential human-health concerns, benchmark quotients (BQs) were calculated by dividing concentrations by the human-health benchmark, when available. For degradates without benchmarks, estimated values (estimated benchmark quotients (BQE)) were first calculated by assuming equimolar toxicity to the most toxic parent; final analysis excluded degradates with likely overestimated toxicity. Six pesticide compounds and 1.6% of wells had concentrations approaching levels of potential concern (individual or summed BQ or BQE values >0.1), and none exceeded these levels (values >1). Therefore, although pesticide compounds occurred frequently, concentrations were low, even accounting for mixtures and degradates without benchmarks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.0c05793","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., Belitz, K., Lindsey, B.D., Toccalino, P., and Nowell, L.H., 2021, Pesticides and pesticide degradates in groundwater used for public supply across the United States: Occurrence and human-health context: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 55, no. 16, p. 362-372, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05793.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"372","ipdsId":"IP-120418","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05793","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Continental United States","geographicExtents":"{\n 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":213728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":175346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toccalino, Patricia 0000-0003-1066-1702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-1702","contributorId":213727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toccalino","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70217253,"text":"70217253 - 2021 - Examining the potential conflict between sea otter recovery and Dungeness crab fisheries in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-14T13:38:15.995228","indexId":"70217253","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-10T07:34:25","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining the potential conflict between sea otter recovery and Dungeness crab fisheries in California","docAbstract":"Human exploitation of marine mammals led to precipitous declines in many wild populations within the last three centuries. Legal protections enacted throughout the 20th century have enabled the recovery of many of these species and some recoveries have resulted in conflict with humans for shared resources. With legal protections and reintroduction programs, the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) has returned to portions of its former range from which it had been extirpated for decades, causing concern that the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) fishery could be negatively affected by increasing otter range and population size. The Dungeness crab fishery is one of the most valuable in California, and these crabs are a known prey item of sea otters. We examine sea otter population growth by port region in relation to Dungeness crab catch using landing receipts since the early 1980s. We find Dungeness crab landings and fishing success, as measured by landings per trip receipt, increased across all ports. In the most recent decade, we observed slower growth in fishing success in northern ports where otters were absent, relative to southern ports where sea otters exist and their populations have grown. In ports where otters were present, fishing success was positively correlated with otter population size over time. Further, an extensive dataset of 83,000 sea otter foraging dives identified Dungeness crab to be less than 2% of the total diet. Though we find no evidence that sea otter populations impact the Dungeness crab fishery in California, other potential conflicts could be considered before expanding reintroduction programs.
Cataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens (USA) in 1980 reset 30 km of upper North Fork Toutle River (NFTR) valley to a zero‐state fluvial condition. Consequently, a new channel system evolved. Initially, a range of streamflows eroded channels (tens of meters incision, hundreds of meters widening) and transported immense sediment loads. Now, single, large‐magnitude or multiple moderate‐magnitude events are needed to accomplish substantial channel modification. Three large floods (two ≥100‐year events; one ∼10–25‐year event along lower Toutle River) from 1996 to 2015 indicate flood effectiveness in this environment is affected by both geomorphic and environmental factors. The largest and smallest of these floods (February 1996, November 2006) transported the most sediment by single floods since 1982; erosion and sediment transport by an ∼100‐year flood in December 2015 was not exceptional. Strong coupling between NFTR and its tall corridor banks, local geologic and hydraulic conditions promoting threshold erosion, event sequencing, and possibly a longitudinal gradient in stream power are important factors affecting event effectiveness on channel modification. In addition, environmental factors have also been influential, as variations in snowpack, storm trajectories and rainfall distributions, and episodic mobilization of debris flows have also influenced geomorphic response. Other factors such as vegetation anchoring, strong channel–hillside coupling, disparities between flood frequencies and perturbation relaxation times, and large variations in flood duration do not appear to be critical influences. Climate forecasts for warmer temperatures and a shift from snowfall to rainfall at high elevations may promote further acute geomorphic responses.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019WR026851","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., Spicer, K.R., and Mosbrucker, A.R., 2021, Effective hydrological events in an evolving mid‐latitude mountain river system following cataclysmic disturbance—A saga of multiple influences: Water Resources Research, v. 57, no. 2, e2019WR026851, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026851.","productDescription":"e2019WR026851","ipdsId":"IP-123125","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosbrucker, Adam R. 0000-0003-0298-0324 amosbrucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-0324","contributorId":4968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosbrucker","given":"Adam","email":"amosbrucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70217082,"text":"70217082 - 2021 - Monitoring network changes during the 2018 Kīlauea Volcano eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-05T13:26:58.381604","indexId":"70217082","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-09T07:23:05","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring network changes during the 2018 Kīlauea Volcano eruption","docAbstract":"In the summer of 2018, Kīlauea Volcano underwent one of its most significant eruptions in the past few hundred years. The volcano’s summit and East Rift Zone magma system partially drained, resulting in a series of occasionally explosive partial caldera collapses, and widespread lava flows in the lower East Rift Zone. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) operates a robust permanent monitoring network of about 250 stations, recording a variety of real‐time data streams: seismic (short‐period, broadband, strong‐motion), infrasound, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), tilt, camera, laser rangefinder, and gas geochemistry. During the eruption, HVO staff quickly established 35 new temporary monitoring stations, to better constrain evolving volcanic hazards. The partial collapses of the caldera threatened to disrupt important telemetry links in the HVO monitoring network, and a major effort was undertaken in the midst of the eruption crisis to reroute radio telemetry and maintain continuity of data flow. In the process, a new data center was established in Hilo, to mitigate a long‐standing potential single point of failure at the HVO facility. Over the course of the eruption from May through August, lava, ashfall, wildfire, and cliff collapse destroyed or disabled 36 stations. Thousands of earthquakes damaged the main HVO facility at Uēkahuna Bluff, causing staff to evacuate the building and relocate observatory operations in the midst of the eruption response, adding more complexity to the response effort. Throughout these events, the HVO team maintained the monitoring network, provided timely information to the public and emergency managers, and collected valuable scientific data to better understand Kīlauea Volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220200284","usgsCitation":"Shiro, B., Zoeller, M.H., Kamibayashi, K., Johanson, I.A., Parcheta, C., Patrick, M.R., Nadeau, P.A., Lee, R., and Miklius, A., 2021, Monitoring network changes during the 2018 Kīlauea Volcano eruption: Seismological Research Letters, v. 92, no. 1, p. 102-118, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200284.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"102","endPage":"118","ipdsId":"IP-120285","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.56640625,\n 19.041348796589013\n ],\n [\n -154.57763671874997,\n 19.041348796589013\n ],\n [\n -154.57763671874997,\n 20.05593126519445\n ],\n [\n -155.56640625,\n 20.05593126519445\n ],\n [\n -155.56640625,\n 19.041348796589013\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shiro, Brian 0000-0001-8756-288X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8756-288X","contributorId":204040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiro","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zoeller, Michael H. 0000-0003-4716-8567","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-8567","contributorId":214557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoeller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kamibayashi, Kevan 0000-0001-6364-5218 kevank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6364-5218","contributorId":215614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamibayashi","given":"Kevan","email":"kevank@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johanson, Ingrid A. 0000-0002-6049-2225","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6049-2225","contributorId":215613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johanson","given":"Ingrid","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parcheta, Carolyn 0000-0001-6556-4630 cparcheta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-4630","contributorId":215617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheta","given":"Carolyn","email":"cparcheta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nadeau, Patricia A. 0000-0002-6732-3686","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6732-3686","contributorId":215616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, R. Lopaka 0000-0002-6352-0340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-0340","contributorId":215133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R. Lopaka","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":215615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70218694,"text":"70218694 - 2021 - Evaluating management options to reduce Lake Erie algal blooms using an ensemble of watershed models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T13:14:47.975659","indexId":"70218694","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-09T07:10:44","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating management options to reduce Lake Erie algal blooms using an ensemble of watershed models","docAbstract":"Reducing harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie, situated between the United States and Canada, requires implementing best management practices to decrease nutrient loading from upstream sources. Bi-national water quality targets have been set for total and dissolved phosphorus loads, with the ultimate goal of reaching these targets in 9-out-of-10 years. Row crop agriculture dominates the land use in the Western Lake Erie Basin thus requiring efforts to mitigate nutrient loads from agricultural systems. To determine the types and extent of agricultural management practices needed to reach the water quality goals, we used five independently developed Soil and Water Assessment Tool models to evaluate the effects of 18 management scenarios over a 10-year period on nutrient export. Guidance from a stakeholder group was provided throughout the project, and resulted in improved data, development of realistic scenarios, and expanded outreach. Subsurface placement of phosphorus fertilizers, cover crops, riparian buffers, and wetlands were among the most effective management options. But, only in one realistic scenario did a majority (3/5) of the models predict that the total phosphorus loading target would be met in 9-out-of-10 years. Further, the dissolved phosphorus loading target was predicted to meet the 9-out-of-10-year goal by only one model and only in three scenarios. In all scenarios evaluated, the 9-out-of-10-year goal was not met based on the average of model predictions. Ensemble modeling revealed general agreement about the effects of several practices although some scenarios resulted in a wide range of uncertainty. Overall, our results demonstrate that there are multiple pathways to approach the established water quality goals, but greater adoption rates of practices than those tested here will likely be needed to attain the management targets.
Multi-geophysical parameter classification can help to reduce the uncertainties of interpretations that often rely on one geophysical technique. Integrating these varying datasets requires a more robust classification approach rather than traditional qualitative methods. In this study, we applied the Fuzzy c-means (FCM) method to quantitatively classify similarities in a high resolution seismic tomography, a magnetotellurics and gravity datasets obtained in Montserrat. To group similar datapoints, this application uses a Euclidean distance measure and a membership function. Assigned membership values indicate the degree to which a datapoint belongs to a specific class. The spatial distribution of the derived classes, each classified with distinct geophysical parameters, helped to provide new structural and petrological information of the Montserrat geothermal system. In comparison to previous models, our new cluster model highlights two major improvements. These include the resolution and assessment of the spatial extension and 3D geometry of previously undetected features within the Montserrat geothermal system and the constrain and characterization of earlier identified anomalies. We additionally utilized geological and petrological data obtained from three geothermal wells in the Montserrat geothermal system to help validate our classifications. Based on a semi-quantitative approach we assessed the reliability of the FCM technique in relation to the likely uncertainties of the different geophysical models.
Most basaltic explosive eruptions intensify abruptly, allowing little time to document processes at the start of eruption. One opportunity came with the initiation of activity from fissure 8 (F8) during the 2018 eruption on the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea, Hawaii. F8 erupted in four episodes. We recorded 28 min of high‐definition video during a 51‐min period, capturing the onset of the second episode on 5 May. From the videos, we were able to analyze the following in‐flight parameters: frequency and duration of explosions; ejecta heights; pyroclast exit velocities; in‐flight total mass and estimated mass eruption rates; and the in‐flight total grain size distributions. The videos record a transition from initial pulsating outgassing, via spaced, but increasingly rapid, discrete explosions, to quasisustained, unsteady fountaining. This transition accompanied waxing intensity (mass flux) of the F8 eruption. We infer that all activity was driven by a combination of the ascent of a coupled mixture of small bubbles and melt, and the buoyant rise of decoupled gas slugs and/or pockets. The balance between these two types of concurrent flow determined the exact form of the eruptive activity at any point in time, and changes to their relative contributions drove the transition we observed at early F8. Qualitative observations of other Hawaiian fountains at Kīlauea suggest that this physical model may apply more generally. This study demonstrates the value of in‐flight parameters derived from high‐resolution videos, which offer a rapid and highly time‐sensitive alternative to measurements based on sampling of deposits posteruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020JB020903","usgsCitation":"Houghton, B.F., Tisdale, C.M., Llewellin, E.W., Taddeucci, J., Orr, T.R., Walker, B.H., and Patrick, M.R., 2021, The birth of a Hawaiian fissure eruption: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 126, no. 1, e2020JB020903, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020903.","productDescription":"e2020JB020903, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120595","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1255250","text":"External Repository"},{"id":382080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.11572265624997,\n 18.875102750356465\n ],\n [\n -154.79736328124997,\n 18.875102750356465\n ],\n [\n -154.79736328124997,\n 20.324023603422518\n ],\n [\n -156.11572265624997,\n 20.324023603422518\n ],\n [\n -156.11572265624997,\n 18.875102750356465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tisdale, Caroline M.","contributorId":247598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tisdale","given":"Caroline","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":39036,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Llewellin, Edward W. 0000-0003-2165-7426","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2165-7426","contributorId":247599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Llewellin","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":25252,"text":"Durham University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":808001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taddeucci, Jacopo 0000-0002-0516-3699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0516-3699","contributorId":184101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taddeucci","given":"Jacopo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. 0000-0003-1157-7588 torr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588","contributorId":149803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walker, Brett H.","contributorId":225523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":36402,"text":"University of Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70219582,"text":"70219582 - 2021 - Interactive PHREEQ-N-AMDTreat water-quality modeling tools to evaluate performance and design of treatment systems for acid mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-15T12:53:09.492694","indexId":"70219582","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-01T07:52:18","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive PHREEQ-N-AMDTreat water-quality modeling tools to evaluate performance and design of treatment systems for acid mine drainage","docAbstract":"The PHREEQ-N-AMDTreat aqueous geochemical modeling tools described herein simulate changes in pH and solute concentrations resulting from passive and active treatment of acidic or alkaline mine drainage (AMD). The “user-friendly” interactive tools, which are publicly available software, utilize PHREEQC equilibrium aqueous and surface speciation models and kinetics models for O2 ingassing and CO2 outgassing, iron and manganese oxidation and precipitation, limestone dissolution, and organic carbon oxidation combined with reduction of nitrate, sulfate, and ferric iron. Reactions with synthetic caustic chemicals (CaO, Ca(OH)2, NaOH, Na2CO3) or oxidizing agents (H2O2) also may be simulated separately or combined with sequential kinetic steps. A user interface facilitates input of water chemistry data for one or two (mixed) influent AMD solutions and adjustment of kinetic variables. Graphical and tabular output indicates the changes in pH, metals and other solute concentrations, total dissolved solids, and specific conductance of treated effluent plus the cumulative quantity of precipitated solids as a function of retention time or the amount of caustic agent added. By adjusting kinetic variables or chemical dosing, the effects of independent or sequential treatment steps that have different retention time (volume/flow rate), aeration rate, quantities of reactive solids, and temperature can be simulated for the specified influent quality. The size (land area) of a treatment system can then be estimated using reaction time estimates (volume for a corresponding treatment step is the product of reaction time and flow rate; area is volume divided by depth). Given the estimated system size, the AMDTreat cost-analysis model may be used to compute approximate costs for installation (capital) and annual operations and maintenance. Thus, various passive and/or active treatment strategies can be identified that could potentially achieve the desired effluent quality, but require different land area, equipment, and costs for construction and operation.
Policies that mandate environmental flows (e-flows) can be powerful tools for freshwater conservation, but implementation of these policies faces many hurdles. To better understand these challenges, we explored two key questions: (1) What additional data are needed to implement e-flows? and (2) What are the major socio-political barriers to implementing e-flows? We surveyed water and natural resource decision makers in the semi-arid Red River basin, Texas-Oklahoma, USA, and used social network analysis to analyze their communication patterns. Most respondents agreed that e-flows can provide important benefits and identified the same data needs. However, respondents sharply in their beliefs on other issues, and a clustering analysis revealed two distinct groups of decision makers. One cluster of decision makers tended to be bearish, or pessimistic, and believed that: current flow conditions are not adequate, there are many serious socio-political barriers to implementation, water conflicts will likely increase in the future, and climate change is likely to exacerbate these issues. The other cluster of respondents was bullish, or optimistic: they foresaw fewer future water conflicts and fewer socio-political barriers to implementation. Despite these differences, both clusters largely identified the same data needs and barriers to e-flows implementation. Our social network analysis revealed that the frequency of communication between clusters was not significantly different than the frequency of communication within clusters. Overall, our results suggest that the different perspectives of decision-makers could complicate efforts to implement e-flows and proactively plan for climate change. However, there are opportunities for collaboration on addressing common data needs and barriers to implementation. Overall, our study provides a key socio-environmental perspective on e-flows implementation from a semi-arid and socio-politically complex river basin and contextualizes the many challenges facing e-flows implementation in river basins globally.
Occupancy methods propelled the quantitative study of species distributions forward by separating the observation process, or the imperfect detectability of species, from the ecological processes of interest governing species distributions. Occupancy studies come at a cost, however: the collection of additional data to account for nondetections at sites where the species is present. The most common occupancy designs (repeated measures designs) require repeat visits to sites or the use of multiple observers or detection methods. Time‐to‐detection methods have been identified as a potentially efficient alternative, requiring only one visit to each site by a single observer. A comparison of time‐to‐detection methods to repeated measures designs for visual encounter surveys would allow researchers to evaluate whether time‐to‐detection methods might be appropriate for their study system and can inform optimal survey design. We collected time‐to‐detection data during two different repeated measures design occupancy surveys for four amphibians and compared the performance of time‐to‐detection methods to the other designs using the location (potential bias) and precision of posterior distributions for occurrence parameters. We further used results of time‐to‐detection surveys to optimize survey design. Time‐to‐detection methods performed best for species that are widespread and have high detection probabilities and rates, but performed less well for cryptic species with lower probability of occurrence or whose detection was strongly affected by survey conditions. In all cases single surveys were most efficient in terms of person‐hours expended, but under some conditions the survey duration required to achieve high detection probabilities would be prohibitively long for a single survey. Regardless of occupancy survey design, time‐to‐detection methods provide important information that can be used to optimize surveys, allowing researchers and resource managers to efficiently achieve monitoring and conservation goals. Collecting time‐to‐detection data while conducting repeated measures occupancy surveys requires only small modifications to field methods but could have large benefits in terms of time spent surveying in the long‐term.
The importance of wind energy as an alternative energy source has increased over the latest years with more focus on offshore winds. A good estimation of the offshore winds is thus of major importance for this industry. Up to now the effect of the wind–wave (mis)alignment has not yet been taken into account in coupled atmosphere–wave models to study the vertical wind profile and power production estimations of offshore wind farms. In this study the roughness length parametrization of Drennan et al. in 2003, and its extension addressing the wind–wave (mis)alignment proposed by Porchetta et al. in 2019, are investigated in the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) model. This study shows that the yearly mean wind estimation at hub height (100 m) is improved by the roughness length parametrization of Porchetta et al. compared to Drennan. This is mainly due to the increased roughness of the former parametrization compare to the latter, even in aligned wind–wave conditions. This difference in roughness is caused by the dataset used to obtain the constants, deep‐water conditions versus mixed offshore conditions. Moreover, the roughness length parametrization of Porchetta et al. performs better in two of three alignment categories. Furthermore, similar model performances are obtained if we exclude the wind directions from the wind shadow zone of the measurement mast or the wind directions from the recently built Alpha Ventus wind farm, which is in close vicinity of the measurement mast. Investigating different wind conditions shows that the new roughness length parametrization of Porchetta et al. performs best for both offshore and onshore winds. Additionally, we show that the coupled model estimations of the vertical wind are only slightly affected by significant wave height estimations. Similar model performances for different accuracies of significant wave height estimations are presented. One exception is the perpendicular alignment category where the new roughness length of Porchetta et al. outperforms the roughness length of Drennan when investigating the wind estimations related to significant wave heights with a higher accuracy. The roughness length parametrization of Porchetta et al. reduced the power production overestimation of the coupled model from 5.7 to 2.8%. We also show that the standalone atmospheric model including the roughness length of Charnock in 1955 has a degraded performance compared to the coupled model including the roughness length parametrization of Porchetta et al. for yearly average wind profiles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/qj.3948","usgsCitation":"Porchetta, S., Temel, O., Warner, J., Munoz-Esparza, J., Monbaliu, J., van Beeck, J., and van Lipzig, N., 2021, Evaluation of a roughness length parametrization accounting for wind–wave alignment in a coupled atmosphere–wave model: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, v. 147, no. 735, p. 825-846, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3948.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"825","endPage":"846","ipdsId":"IP-117950","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/685815/2/COAWST_QJRMetS_rkul.docx","text":"External Repository"},{"id":381447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"147","issue":"735","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porchetta, Sara","contributorId":245775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porchetta","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49315,"text":"KU Leuven, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Temel, O.","contributorId":245776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Temel","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49316,"text":"Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munoz-Esparza, J.C.","contributorId":245777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munoz-Esparza","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16785,"text":"National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Monbaliu, J","contributorId":245778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monbaliu","given":"J","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49317,"text":"KULeuven, Department of Civil Engineering, Leuven, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"van Beeck, J.","contributorId":245779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Beeck","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49319,"text":"KULeuven, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"van Lipzig, N.","contributorId":245780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Lipzig","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49321,"text":"von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70216906,"text":"70216906 - 2021 - Small atoll fresh groundwater lenses respond to a combination of natural climatic cycles and human modified geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-30T14:45:53.316375","indexId":"70216906","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-20T07:04:23","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small atoll fresh groundwater lenses respond to a combination of natural climatic cycles and human modified geology","docAbstract":"Freshwater lenses underlying small ocean islands exhibit spatial variability and temporal fluctuations in volume, influencing ecologic management. For example, The Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge harbors one of the few surviving native stands of Pisonia grandis in the central Pacific Ocean, yet these trees face pressure from groundwater salinization, with little basic groundwater data to guide decision making. Adding to natural complexity, the geology of Palmyra was heavily altered by dredge and fill activities. Our study based at this atoll combines geophysical and hydrological field measurements from 2008 to 2019 with groundwater modeling to study the drivers of observed freshwater lens dynamics. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) field data were collected on the main atoll islands over repeat transects in 2008 following ‘strong’ La Niña conditions (wet) and in 2016 during ‘very strong’ El Niño conditions (dry). Shallow monitoring wells were installed adjacent to the geophysical transects in 2013 and screened within the fresh/saline groundwater transition zone. Temporal EMI and monitoring well data showed a strong contraction of the freshwater lens in response to El Niño conditions, and indicated a thicker lens toward the ocean side, an opposite spatial pattern to that observed for many other Pacific islands. On an outer islet where a stand of mature Pisonia trees exist, EMI surveys revealed only a thin (<3 m from land surface) layer of brackish groundwater during El Niño. Numerical groundwater simulations were performed for a range of permeability distributions and climate conditions at Palmyra. Results revealed that the observed atypical lens asymmetry is likely due to more efficient submarine groundwater discharge on the lagoon side as a result of lagoon dredging and filling with high-permeability material. Simulations also predict large decreases (40%) in freshwater lens volume during dry cycles and highlight threats to the Pisonia trees, yielding insight for atoll ecosystem management worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143838","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Cantelon, J., Kurylyk, B., Kulongoski, J.T., Mills, A., and Lane, J., 2021, Small atoll fresh groundwater lenses respond to a combination of natural climatic cycles and human modified geology: Science of the Total Environment, v. 756, 143838, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143838.","productDescription":"143838, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124031","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143838","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Palmyra Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.11434364318848,\n 5.865525058703975\n ],\n [\n -162.04078674316406,\n 5.865525058703975\n ],\n [\n -162.04078674316406,\n 5.896261485744235\n ],\n [\n -162.11434364318848,\n 5.896261485744235\n ],\n [\n -162.11434364318848,\n 5.865525058703975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"756","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cantelon, J","contributorId":245723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cantelon","given":"J","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24650,"text":"Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurylyk, B.","contributorId":222758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kurylyk","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24650,"text":"Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154 kulongos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":173457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin","email":"kulongos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mills, Audrey","contributorId":245724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Audrey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":210076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70263342,"text":"70263342 - 2021 - Latency of waveform data delivery from the Southern California Seismic Network during the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence and its effect on ShakeAlert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-06T17:00:47.785519","indexId":"70263342","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-18T10:55:38","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latency of waveform data delivery from the Southern California Seismic Network during the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence and its effect on ShakeAlert","docAbstract":"The occurrence of the 4–6 July 2019 Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence provided the first full‐scale test of the network and telemetry readiness of the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN), to support the ShakeAlert earthquake early warning (EEW) system in California. ShakeAlert is a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)‐led collaboration to detect earthquakes and, when possible, to alert the public before the arrival of the strongest shaking. The SCSN performed well in its regional monitoring role for both the 4 July Mw 6.4 and the 6 July Mw 7.1 earthquakes. In the EEW role, it provided timely delivery of 5 s of P‐wave data to ShakeAlert, which issued its first alert 6.9 s after origin time. Data delivery at peak data volumes for many stations exhibited some latency, and, as a consequence, some data arrived too late for analysis by one of the EEW algorithms. We find that the average link bandwidth for each station was sufficient, because all waveform data were delivered automatically to the archive, but link capacity for many stations was insufficient for peak demand. We describe the performance of the data telemetry for the sequence, including cellular, radio, hybrid, and backhaul systems. Cellular‐based telemetry systems maintained low latency throughout strong shaking and after, but some stations, even at great distances, experienced subsequent brief increases in latency. Performance of radio links depended mostly on the signal strength of the link, with short‐distance direct shots to high‐bandwidth backhaul systems showing no latency impact, whereas stations on some long distance or marginal quality links suffered latencies of tens or hundreds of seconds. Improvements are being implemented to move telemetry links onto USGS and partner high‐bandwidth microwave systems, and to reduce dependency on less robust long‐distance radio shots.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220200211","usgsCitation":"Stubailo, I., Alvarez, M., Biasi, G., Bhadha, R., and Hauksson, E., 2021, Latency of waveform data delivery from the Southern California Seismic Network during the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence and its effect on ShakeAlert: Seismological Research Letters, v. 92, no. 1, p. 170-186, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200211.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"186","ipdsId":"IP-115111","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stubailo, Igor 0000-0001-7657-2783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7657-2783","contributorId":350664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stubailo","given":"Igor","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvarez, Mark 0000-0002-1361-5616","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-5616","contributorId":222021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":926573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biasi, Glenn 0000-0003-0940-5488 gbiasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-5488","contributorId":195946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biasi","given":"Glenn","email":"gbiasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":926574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bhadha, Rayomand","contributorId":350665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhadha","given":"Rayomand","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hauksson, Egill","contributorId":48174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauksson","given":"Egill","affiliations":[{"id":27150,"text":"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70216647,"text":"70216647 - 2021 - Ancient Egyptian mummified shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) and mice (Rodentia: Muridae) from the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga, and their implications for environmental change in the Nile valley during the past two millennia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T17:01:45.749015","indexId":"70216647","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-16T07:43:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient Egyptian mummified shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) and mice (Rodentia: Muridae) from the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga, and their implications for environmental change in the Nile valley during the past two millennia","docAbstract":"Excavation of Ptolemaic Period (ca. 309–30 BC) strata within Theban Tombs 11, 12, -399-, and UE194A by the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga (also known as the Djehuty Project), on the west bank of the Nile River opposite Luxor, Egypt, yielded remains of at least 175 individual small mammals that include four species of shrews (Eulipotypha: Soricidae) and two species of rodents (Rodentia: Muridae). Two of the shrews (Crocidura fulvastra and Crocidura pasha) no longer occur in Egypt, and one species (Crocidura olivieri) is known in the country only from a disjunct population inhabiting the Nile delta and the Fayum. Although deposited in the tombs by humans as part of religious ceremonies, these animals probably derived originally from local wild populations. The coexistence of this diverse array of shrew species as part of the mammal community near Luxor indicates greater availability of moist floodplain habitats than occur there at present. These were probably made possible by a greater flow of the Nile, as indicated by geomorphological and palynological evidence. The mammal fauna recovered by the Spanish Mission provides a unique snapshot of the native Ptolemaic community during this time period, and it permits us to gauge community turnover in the Nile valley of Upper Egypt during the last 2000 years. It also serves as a relevant example for understanding the extinction and extirpation of mammal species as effects of future environmental changes predicted by current climatic models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/qua.2020.89","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., and Ikram, S., 2021, Ancient Egyptian mummified shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) and mice (Rodentia: Muridae) from the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga, and their implications for environmental change in the Nile valley during the past two millennia: Quaternary Research, v. 100, p. 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.89.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-122070","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Egypt","otherGeospatial":"northern Egypt","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 24.873046874999996,\n 26.78484736105119\n ],\n [\n 33.2666015625,\n 26.78484736105119\n ],\n [\n 33.2666015625,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n 24.873046874999996,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n 24.873046874999996,\n 26.78484736105119\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"100","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikram, Salima","contributorId":245249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ikram","given":"Salima","affiliations":[{"id":49125,"text":"American University in Cairo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216698,"text":"70216698 - 2021 - Mainstems: A logical data model implementing mainstem and drainage basin feature types based on WaterML2 Part 3: HY Features concepts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-01T13:34:28.581683","indexId":"70216698","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-13T07:32:16","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mainstems: A logical data model implementing mainstem and drainage basin feature types based on WaterML2 Part 3: HY Features concepts","docAbstract":"The Mainstems data model implements the catchment and flowpath concepts from WaterML2 Part 3: Surface Hydrology Features (HY_Features) for persistent, cross-scale, identification of hydrologic features. The data model itself provides a focused and lightweight method to describe hydrologic networks with minimum but sufficient information. The design is intended to provide a model for data integration that can be used for network navigation and persistent hydrologic indexing (hydrographic addressing) functionality. Mainstems is designed to provide long-term stability with minimal maintenance requirements. The data model is not meant to advance hydrologic process representation or uniquely represent geomorphic characteristics. The principle assumption in Mainstems is that all drainage basins have one - and only one - headwater source area and a single mainstem that flows to a single outlet. Using these base feature types, (headwater, outlet, mainstem, and drainage basin) a nested set of drainage basins - and the associated dendritic network of mainstems - can be identified.
Microbial skin assemblages, including fungal communities, can influence host resistance to infectious diseases. The diversity-invasibility hypothesis predicts that high-diversity communities are less easily invaded than species-poor communities, and thus diverse microbial communities may prevent pathogens from colonizing a host. To explore the hypothesis that host fungal communities mediate resistance to infection by fungal pathogens, we investigated characteristics of bat skin fungal communities as they relate to susceptibility to the emerging disease white-nose syndrome (WNS). Using a culture-based approach, we compared skin fungal assemblage characteristics of 10 bat species that differ in susceptibility to WNS across 10 eastern U.S. states. The fungal assemblages on WNS-susceptible bat species had significantly lower alpha diversity and abundance compared to WNS-resistant species. Overall fungal assemblage structure did not vary based on WNS-susceptibility, but several yeast species were differentially abundant on WNS-resistant bat species. One yeast species inhibited Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), the causative agent on WNS, in vitro under certain conditions, suggesting a possible role in host protection. Further exploration of interactions between Pd and constituents of skin fungal assemblages may prove useful for predicting susceptibility of bat populations to WNS and for developing effective mitigation strategies.