The effect of tropical and extratropical cyclones on coastal wetlands and marshes is highly variable and depends on a number of climatic, geologic, and physical variables. The impacts of storms can be either positive or negative with respect to the wetland and marsh ecosystems. Small to moderate amounts of inorganic sediment added to the marsh surface during storms or other events help to abate pressure from sea-level rise. However, if the volume of sediment is large and the resulting deposits are thick, the organic substrate may compact causing submergence and a loss in elevation. Similarly, thick deposits of coarse inorganic sediment may also alter the hydrology of the site and impede vegetative processes. Alternative impacts associated with storms include shoreline erosion at the marsh edge as well as potential emergence. Evaluating the outcome of these various responses and potential long-term implications is possible from a systematic assessment of both historical and recent event deposits. A study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey to assess the sedimentological and radiochemical characteristics of marsh deposits from Assateague Island and areas around Chincoteague Bay, Maryland and Virginia, following Hurricane Sandy in 2012. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the surficial sediment of the relict to recent washover fans and back-barrier marshes in the study area, and (2) characterize the sediment of six marsh cores from the back-barrier marshes and a single marsh island core near the mainland. These geologic data will be integrated with other remote sensing data collected along Assateague Island in Maryland and Virginia and assimilated into an assessment of coastal wetland response to storms.
\nThis report serves as an archive for sedimentological and radiochemical data derived from the surface sediments and marsh cores collected March 26–April 4, 2014. Select surficial data are available for the additional sampling periods October 21–30, 2014. Downloadable data are available as Excel spreadsheets and as JPEG files. Additional files include: Field documentation, x-radiographs, photographs, detailed results of sediment grain size analyses, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata (data downloads).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151169","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.G., Marot, M.E., Ellis, A.M., Wheaton, C.J., Bernier, J.C., and Adams, C.S., 2015, Sedimentological and radiochemical characteristics of marsh deposits from Assateague Island and the adjacent vicinity, Maryland and Virginia, following Hurricane Sandy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1169, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151169.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-03-26","temporalEnd":"2014-10-30","ipdsId":"IP-065781","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308090,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1169/index.html","text":"Report (HTML)","description":"OFR 2015-1169"},{"id":308089,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1169/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Assateague Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 37.82931081282506\n ],\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 38.447135775082444\n ],\n [\n -75.02838134765625,\n 38.447135775082444\n ],\n [\n -75.02838134765625,\n 37.82931081282506\n ],\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 37.82931081282506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 Fourth Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701-4846
(727) 502-8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
This report summarizes and interprets results of the work in the Ahankashan Area of Interest in northwestern Afghanistan and four study areas—the Ahankashan Prospect Area, Syahsang-Kushkak, Taghab-Soni, and Zakak-e ‘Olya—delineated for their potential undiscovered mineral occurrences with specific emphasis on porphyry copper and related occurrence types. The Area of Interest is underlain by rocks of three different geologic domains that cross from east to west—the Band-e-Bayan Block/Central Pamirs Domain in the south, the Hindu Kush Domain in the Paropamisus Mountains, and the Afghan Turkestan Domain in the north. The domains are sutured remnants of Tethyan tectonic elements. Interpretation of the geologic maps indicates the presence of thrust faults, strike-slip faults, and granitic intrusions emplaced in ground prepared by faulting. Thrust faulting was followed by strike-slip faulting and then followed by magmatic intrusions. Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer data were used to map minerals that have been altered by hydrothermal fluids typically associated with mineralization to delineate new potential occurrences of copper, gold, and silver. Propylitic-, argillic-, and phyllic-altered intrusive rocks are found in the area, as well as very minor amounts of hydrothermal silica-rich rocks. This area of interest is vastly underexplored and contains only seven known mineral occurrences, of which the Ahankashan copper (gold) skarn occurrence is the best known. Gold has been found in stream sediments near the Ahankashan skarn, in the Taghab-Soni study area, and possibly other parts of the Area of Interest, suggesting potential for at least small-scale placer occurrences.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151040","usgsCitation":"Drew, L.J., Sutphin, D.M., Mars, J.C., and Bogdanow, A.K., 2015, Summary of the Ahankashan area of interest: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1040, 26 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151040.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051081","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308094,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1040/ofr20151040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1040"},{"id":308092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1040/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Ahankashan Area of Interest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 63.19335937499999,\n 34.20725938207231\n ],\n [\n 63.19335937499999,\n 34.71452466170392\n ],\n [\n 64.83032226562499,\n 34.71452466170392\n ],\n [\n 64.83032226562499,\n 34.20725938207231\n ],\n [\n 63.19335937499999,\n 34.20725938207231\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Mineral Resources Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr.
Reston, VA 20192
http://minerals.usgs.gov
This document provides an overview of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) supplemental algorithms in conjunction with the reuse of Landsat geometric algorithms modified by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) to create an ASTER Level 1 Precision Terrain Corrected Registered At-Sensor Radiance (AST_L1T) product. Implementation of these algorithms occurs within the AST_L1T product generation executable (PGE) as part of the open source Simple, Scalable, Script-based Science Processor for Missions (S4PM) processing software subsystem.
The AST_L1T algorithms include the following:
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198
http://eros.usgs.gov/
This crosswalk is based on the premise that there is a connection between the way mineral commodities are used and how this use is reflected in the economy. Raw mineral commodities are the basic materials from which goods, finished products, or intermediate materials are manufactured or made. Mineral commodities are vital to the development of the U.S. economy and they impact nearly every industrial segment of the economy, representing 12.2 percent of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010 (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2014). In an effort to better understand the distribution of mineral commodities in the economy, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) attempts to link the end uses of mineral commodities to the corresponding North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes.
\nThe links between the end uses of mineral commodities and the NAICS codes provide an instrument for analyzing the use of mineral commodities in the economy. The crosswalk is also a guide, highlighting those industrial sectors in the economy that rely heavily on mineral commodities. The distribution of mineral commodities across the economy is dynamic and does differ from year to year. This report reflects a snapshot of the state of the economy and mineral commodities in 2010.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151163","usgsCitation":"Barry, J.J., Matos, G.R., and Menzie, W.D., 2015, A crosswalk of mineral commodity end uses and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1163, 4 p., plus 77 tables in 1 Excel file, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151163.","productDescription":"Report: v, 4 p.; Excel File","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057770","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308045,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1163/ofr20151163_tables1-77.xlsx","text":"Excel File","size":"651 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1163"},{"id":308044,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1163/ofr20151163.pdf","text":"Report","size":"172 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1163"},{"id":308043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ofr/2015/1163/coverthbr.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr.
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/
Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center collected shallow sediment cores and surface samples from a coastal salt marsh environment next to Vermilion Bay in southwest Louisiana in January 2013. The sampling was part of a larger USGS study to gather data for assessing environmental changes over the past 150 years. The objective of the study was to expand upon the historical context of sea level and storms affecting coastal systems and how these systems might change under persistent or varying conditions. The data from this report add to a regional environmental change database that aids with the continuing effort to understand the evolution of coastal systems.
\nThis report serves as an archive for sedimentological, radiochemical, and microbiological data derived from the sediment cores. Data are available for January 2013. Downloadable data are available as Excel spreadsheets and as JPEG files. Additional files include ArcGIS shapefiles of the sampling sites, detailed results of sediment analyses, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata.
\nThe authors thank Nancy DeWitt, B.J. Reynolds, Christopher Reich (USGS, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center), for help with sample collection and processing; Michael Ball, Sarai Piazza, and Gregory Steyer (USGS, Coastal Restoration Assessment Branch) for assistance accessing CRMS Site 541; and Darrell Anders and Phillip Turnipseed (USGS National Wetlands Research Center) for technical support while in the field. We would also like to thank Caitlyn Reynolds and Nicholas Zaremba for their pre-release commentary and peer review.
\nThis publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data were processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151143","usgsCitation":"Richwine, K.A., Marot, M.E., Smith, C.G., Osterman, L.E., and Adams, C.S., 2015, Biological and geochemical data along Indian Point, Vermilion Bay, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1143, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151143.","productDescription":"Report: HTML Document; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059007","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307119,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1143/downloads","text":"Biological and Geochemical Data","description":"OFR 2015-1143"},{"id":307094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1143/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307095,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1143/index.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1143"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Indian Point, Vermilion Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.05787658691406,\n 29.608088257406806\n ],\n [\n -92.05787658691406,\n 29.6361427369564\n ],\n [\n -92.00363159179688,\n 29.6361427369564\n ],\n [\n -92.00363159179688,\n 29.608088257406806\n ],\n [\n -92.05787658691406,\n 29.608088257406806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South St.
Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502-8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
Cyanobacteria can produce toxins and form harmful algal blooms. The Native American and Alaska Native communities that are dependent on subsistence fishing have an increased risk of exposure to these cyanotoxins. It is important to recognize the presence of an algal bloom in a waterbody and to distinguish a potentially toxic harmful algal bloom from a non-toxic bloom. This guide provides field images that show cyanobacteria blooms, some of which can be toxin producers, as well as other non-toxic algae blooms and floating plants that might be confused with algae. After recognition of a potential toxin-producing cyanobacterial bloom in the field, the type(s) of cyanobacteria present needs to be identified. Species identification, which requires microscopic examination, may help distinguish a toxin-producer from a non-toxin producer. This guide also provides microscopic images of the common cyanobacteria that are known to produce toxins, as well as images of algae that form blooms but do not produce toxins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151164","usgsCitation":"Rosen, B.H., and St. Amand, Ann, Field and laboratory guide to freshwater cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms for Native American and Alaska Native Communities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1164, 44 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151164.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065834","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308071,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1164/ofr20151164.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1164"},{"id":308070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1164/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"National Tribal Liaison
USGS Office of Tribal Relations
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 911
Reston, VA 20192
(703) 648-4437
Geographic information system (GIS) information may facilitate energy studies, which in turn provide input for energy policy decisions. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has compiled GIS data representing coal mines, deposits (including those with and without coal mines), occurrences, areas, basins, and provinces of Mongolia as of 2009. These data are now available for download, and may be used in a GIS for a variety of energy resource and environmental studies of Mongolia. Chemical data for 37 coal samples from a previous USGS study of Mongolia (Tewalt and others, 2010) are included in a downloadable GIS point shapefile and shown on the map of Mongolia. A brief report summarizes the methodology used for creation of the shapefiles and the chemical analyses run on the samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151144","usgsCitation":"Trippi, M.H., and Belkin, H.E., comps., 2015, USGS compilation of geographic information system (GIS) data representing coal mines and coal-bearing areas of Mongolia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1144, 18 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151144.","productDescription":"Report: v, 18 p.; Metadata; Spatial data","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051260","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307735,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1144/downloads/ofr20151144_mongolia-coal-deposits-metadata.html","text":"Mongolia Coal Deposits Metadata","size":"35.4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1144"},{"id":307731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1144/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307740,"rank":4,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1144/downloads/ofr20151144_mongolia-coal-areas-basins-provinces.zip","text":"Mongolia Coal Areas, Basins, and Provinces Shape Files","size":"203 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2015-1144"},{"id":307732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1144/ofr20151144.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1144"},{"id":307733,"rank":3,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1144/downloads/ofr20151144_mongolia-allshapefiles-metadata.zip","text":"All Mongolia Shape Files and Metadata","size":"294 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2015-1144"},{"id":307734,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1144/downloads/ofr20151144_mongolia-coal-areas-basins-provinces-metadata.html","text":"Mongolia Coal Areas, Basins, and Provinces Metadata","size":"20.9 KB","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1144"},{"id":307737,"rank":9,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1144/downloads/ofr20151144_mongolia-analytical-data-metadata.html","text":"Mongolia Anaytical Data Metadata","size":"100 KB","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1144"},{"id":307738,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1144/downloads/ofr20151144_mongolia-coal-deposits.zip","text":"Mongolia Coal Deposit Shape File","size":"24.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2015-1144"},{"id":307739,"rank":8,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1144/downloads/ofr20151144_mongolia-analytical-data.zip","text":"Mongolia Analytical Data Shape File","size":"43.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2015-1144"}],"country":"Mongolia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[87.75126,49.2972],[88.80557,49.47052],[90.71367,50.33181],[92.23471,50.80217],[93.10422,50.49529],[94.14757,50.48054],[94.81595,50.01343],[95.81403,49.97747],[97.25973,49.72606],[98.23176,50.4224],[97.82574,51.011],[98.86149,52.04737],[99.98173,51.63401],[100.88948,51.51686],[102.06522,51.25992],[102.25591,50.51056],[103.67655,50.08997],[104.62155,50.27533],[105.88659,50.40602],[106.8888,50.2743],[107.86818,49.79371],[108.47517,49.28255],[109.40245,49.29296],[110.66201,49.13013],[111.58123,49.37797],[112.89774,49.54357],[114.36246,50.2483],[114.96211,50.14025],[115.4857,49.80518],[116.6788,49.88853],[116.1918,49.1346],[115.48528,48.13538],[115.74284,47.72654],[116.30895,47.85341],[117.29551,47.69771],[118.06414,48.06673],[118.86657,47.74706],[119.77282,47.04806],[119.66327,46.69268],[118.87433,46.80541],[117.4217,46.67273],[116.71787,46.3882],[115.9851,45.72724],[114.46033,45.33982],[113.46391,44.80889],[112.43606,45.01165],[111.87331,45.10208],[111.34838,44.45744],[111.66774,44.07318],[111.82959,43.74312],[111.12968,43.40683],[110.4121,42.87123],[109.2436,42.51945],[107.74477,42.48152],[106.12932,42.13433],[104.96499,41.59741],[104.52228,41.90835],[103.31228,41.90747],[101.83304,42.51487],[100.84587,42.6638],[99.51582,42.52469],[97.45176,42.74889],[96.3494,42.72564],[95.76245,43.31945],[95.30688,44.24133],[94.68893,44.35233],[93.48073,44.97547],[92.13389,45.11508],[90.94554,45.28607],[90.58577,45.71972],[90.97081,46.88815],[90.28083,47.69355],[88.8543,48.06908],[88.01383,48.59946],[87.75126,49.2972]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mongolia\"}}]}","contact":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
954 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, Virginia 20192
http://energy.usgs.gov/GeneralInfo/
ScienceCenters/Eastern.aspx
Fire ranks among the top three threats to the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) throughout its range, and among the top two threats in the western part of its range. The national research strategy for this species and the recent U.S. Department of the Interior Secretarial Order 3336 call for science-based threats assessment of fire to inform conservation planning and fire management efforts. The cornerstone of such assessments is a clear understanding of where fires are occurring and what aspects of fire regimes may be shifting outside of their historical range of variation. This report fulfills this need by describing patterns of fire area, fire size, fire rotation, and fire season length and timing from 1984 to 2013 across the range of the greater sage-grouse. This information need is further addressed by evaluating the ecological and management implications of these fire patterns. Analyses are stratified by major vegetation types and the seven greater sage-grouse management zones, delineated regionally as four western and three eastern management zones. Soil temperature and moisture indicators of resilience to fire and resistance to cheatgrass invasion, and the potential for establishment of a grass/fire cycle, are used as unifying concepts in developing fire threat assessments for each analysis strata.
\nThe results indicate that fire threats are higher in the four western than in the three eastern management zones. Among the four western management zones, the Snake River Plain and the Columbia Basin ranked somewhat higher than the Southern Great Basin and Northern Great Basin in terms of fire effects on sage-grouse habitat. These results support the previous high ranking of fire as a threat to the greater sage-grouse in the western region. In contrast, considering the low rankings for fire threats in the eastern region, it may be useful to reconsider the relative importance of wildfire as a threat to greater sage-grouse in those three management zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151167","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.L., Matchett, J.R., Shinneman, D.J., and Coates, P.S., 2015, Fire patterns in the range of greater sage-grouse, 1984–2013—Implications for conservation and management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1167, 66 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151167.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 66 p.; Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067763","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438683,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76971N5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fire Patterns in the Range of the Greater Sage-Grouse, 1984-2013-Implications for Conservation and Management"},{"id":307546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1167/ofr20151167.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1167 PDF"},{"id":307547,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1167/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":312278,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F76971N5","text":"Data Release"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau, Columbia Basin, Great Plains, Northern Great Basin, Snake River Plain, Southern Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 35.42486791930558\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://werc.usgs.gov/
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Fire Pattern Results
Discussion of Fire Patterns
Fire Threats Assessment for Greater Sage-Grouse Habitat
Acknowledgments
References Cited
Appendixes 1-13
Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereinafter, sage-grouse) are a sagebrush obligate species that has declined concomitantly with the loss and fragmentation of sagebrush ecosystems across most of its geographical range. The species currently is listed as a candidate for federal protection under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Increasing wildfire frequency and changing climate frequently are identified as two environmental drivers that contribute to the decline of sage-grouse populations, yet few studies have rigorously quantified their effects on sage-grouse populations across broad spatial scales and long time periods. To help inform a threat assessment within the Great Basin for listing sage-grouse in 2015 under the ESA, we conducted an extensive analysis of wildfire and climatic effects on sage-grouse population growth derived from 30 years of lek-count data collected across the hydrographic Great Basin of Western North America. Annual (1984–2013) patterns of wildfire were derived from an extensive dataset of remotely sensed 30-meter imagery and precipitation derived from locally downscaled spatially explicit data. In the sagebrush ecosystem, underlying soil conditions also contribute strongly to variation in resilience to disturbance and resistance to plant community changes (R&R). Thus, we developed predictions from models of post-wildfire recovery and chronic effects of wildfire based on three spatially explicit R&R classes derived from soil moisture and temperature regimes. We found evidence of an interaction between the effects of wildfire (chronically affected burned area within 5 kilometers of a lek) and climatic conditions (spring through fall precipitation) after accounting for a consistent density-dependent effect. Specifically, burned areas near leks nullifies population growth that normally follows years with relatively high precipitation. In models, this effect results in long-term population declines for sage-grouse despite cyclic periods of high precipitation. Based on 30-year projections of burn and recovery rates, our population model predicted steady and substantial long-term declines in population size across the Great Basin. Further, example management scenarios that may help offset adverse wildfire effects are provided by models of varying levels of fire suppression and post-wildfire restoration that focus on areas especially important to sage-grouse populations. These models illustrate how sage-grouse population persistence likely will be compromised as sagebrush ecosystems and sage-grouse habitat are degraded by wildfire, especially in a warmer and drier climate, and by invasion of annual grasses that can increase wildfire frequency and size in the Great Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151165","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Ricca, M.A., Prochazka, B.G., Doherty, K.E., Brooks, M.L., and Casazza, M.L., 2015, Long-term effects of wildfire on greater sage-grouse—Integrating population and ecosystem concepts for management in the Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1165, 42 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151165.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 42 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067577","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438684,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7K35RRS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Long-term effects of wildfire on greater sage-grouse - integrating population and ecosystem concepts for management in the Great Basin"},{"id":307537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1165/ofr20151165.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1165 PDF"},{"id":307539,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1165/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321005,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7K35RRS","text":"Data release"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 44.879228141635274\n ],\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -121.5087890625,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -118.69628906249999,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -114.5654296875,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -112.30224609374999,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -110.54443359375,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 44.879228141635274\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://werc.usgs.gov/
Multibeam echosounder data collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration along with sediment samples and still and video photography of the sea floor collected by the U.S. Geological Survey were used to interpret sea-floor features and sedimentary environments in southern Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, as part of a long-term effort to map the sea floor along the northeastern coast of the United States. Sea-floor features include rocky areas and scour depressions in high-energy environments characterized by erosion or nondeposition, and sand waves and megaripples in environments characterized by coarse-grained bedload transport. Two shipwrecks are also located in the study area. Much of the sea floor is relatively featureless within the resolution of the multibeam data; sedimentary environments in these areas are characterized by processes associated with sorting and reworking. This report releases bathymetric data from the multibeam echosounder, grain-size analyses of sediment samples, and photographs of the sea floor and interpretations of the sea-floor features and sedimentary environments. It provides base maps that can be used for resource management and studies of topics such as benthic ecology, contaminant inventories, and sediment transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151149","isbn":"978-1-4113-3933-0","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L.J., Blackwood, D.S., Nardi, M.J., and Andring, M.A., 2015, Sea-floor morphology and sedimentary environments in southern Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1149, 1 DVD-ROM, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151149.","productDescription":"HMTL Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-06-01","temporalEnd":"2011-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-065057","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307926,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1149/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307927,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1149/index.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1149"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Narragansett Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.455078125,\n 41.396384896536276\n ],\n [\n -71.455078125,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -71.26419067382812,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -71.26419067382812,\n 41.396384896536276\n ],\n [\n -71.455078125,\n 41.396384896536276\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543
(508) 548-8700 or (508) 457-2200
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/
The Mediterranean region is seismically active due to the convergence of the Africa Plate with the Eurasia plate. Present day Africa-Eurasia motion ranges from ~4 millimeters per year (mm/yr) in a northwest-southeast direction in the western Mediterranean to ~10 mm/yr (north-south) in the eastern Mediterranean. The Africa-Eurasia plate boundary is complex, and includes extensional and translational zones in addition to the dominant convergent regimes characterized by subduction and continental collision. This convergence began at approximately 50 million years ago and was associated with the closure of the Tethys Sea; the Mediterranean Sea is all that remains of the Tethys. The highest rates of seismicity in the Mediterranean region are found along the Hellenic subduction zone of southern Greece and the North Anatolian Fault Zone of northwestern Turkey, but significant rates of current seismicity and large historical earthquakes have occurred throughout the region spanning the Mediterranean Sea.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101083Q","usgsCitation":"Herman, M.W., Hayes, G.P., Smoczyk, G.M., Turner, Rebecca, Turner, Bethan, Jenkins, Jennifer, Davies, Sian, Parker, Amy, Sinclair, Allison, Benz, H.M., Furlong, K.P., and Villaseñor, Antonio, 2015, Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2013, Mediterranean Sea and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010–1083-Q, scale 1:10,000,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101083Q.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065794","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/q/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307745,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/q/ofr20101083q.pdf","text":"Report","size":"78.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2010-1083-Q"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -18.45703125,\n 22.431340156360594\n ],\n [\n -18.45703125,\n 57.040729838360875\n ],\n [\n 51.328125,\n 57.040729838360875\n ],\n [\n 51.328125,\n 22.431340156360594\n ],\n [\n -18.45703125,\n 22.431340156360594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 966
Denver, CO 80225
http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/
The network of areas delineated in 11 Western States for prioritizing management of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) represents a grand experiment in conservation biology and reserve design. We used centrality metrics from social network theory to gain insights into how this priority area network might function. The network was highly centralized. Twenty of 188 priority areas accounted for 80 percent of the total centrality scores. These priority areas, characterized by large size and a central location in the range-wide distribution, are strongholds for greater sage-grouse populations and also might function as sources. Mid-ranking priority areas may serve as stepping stones because of their location between large central and smaller peripheral priority areas. The current network design and conservation strategy has risks. The contribution of almost one-half (n = 93) of the priority areas combined for less than 1 percent of the cumulative centrality scores for the network. These priority areas individually are likely too small to support viable sage-grouse populations within their boundary. Without habitat corridors to connect small priority areas either to larger priority areas or as a clustered group within the network, their isolation could lead to loss of sage-grouse within these regions of the network.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151158","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Crist, M.R., Knick, S.T., and Hanser, S.E., 2015, Range-wide network of priority areas for greater sage-grouse—A design for conserving connected distributions or isolating individual zoos?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1158, 34 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/20151158.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067179","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307943,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1158/ofr20151158.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1158"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.84960937499999,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -122.36572265625,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -119.267578125,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 33.815666308702774\n ],\n [\n -104.17236328125,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 41.062786068733026\n ],\n [\n -101.162109375,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -101.29394531249999,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -120.84960937499999,\n 48.980216985374994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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http://fresc.usgs.gov/
Chloride exists as a major ion in most natural waters, but many anthropogenic sources are increasing concentrations of chloride in many receiving waters. Although natural concentrations in continental waters can be as high as 200,000 milligrams per liter, chloride concentrations that are suitable for freshwater ecology, human consumption, and agricultural and industrial water uses commonly are on the order of 10 to 1,000 milligrams per liter. “Road salt” frequently is identified as the sole source of anthropogenic chloride, but only about 30 percent of the salt consumed and released to the environment is used for deicing. Furthermore, several studies in Southern States where the use of deicing salt is minimal also show anthropogenic chloride in rising concentrations and in strong correlation to imperviousness and road density. This is because imperviousness and road density also are strongly correlated to population density. The term “road salt” is a misnomer because deicers applied to parking lots, sidewalks, and driveways can be a substantial source of chloride in some catchments because these land covers are comparable to roadways as a percentage of the total impervious area and commonly receive higher salt application rates than some roadways. Other sources of anthropogenic chloride include wastewater, dust control on unpaved roads, fertilizer, animal waste, irrigation, aquaculture, energy production wastes, and landfill leachates. The assumption that rising chloride concentrations in surface water or groundwater is indicative of contamination by deicing chemicals rather than one or more other potential sources may preclude the identification of toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or endocrine-disrupting contaminants that are associated with many sources of elevated chloride concentrations. Once the sources of anthropogenic chloride in an area of interest have been identified and measured, water and solute budgets can be estimated to guide decisionmakers to identify and apply potential mitigation measures that can reduce the problem.
\nScientists, engineers, regulators, and decisionmakers need information about potential sources of chloride, water and solute budgets, and methods for collecting water-quality data to help identify potential sources. This information is needed to evaluate potential sources of chloride in areas where chloride may have adverse ecological effects or may degrade water supplies used for drinking water, agriculture, or industry. Knowledge of potential sources will help decisionmakers identify the best mitigation measures to reduce the total background chloride load, thereby reducing the potential for water-quality exceedances that occur because of superposition on rising background concentrations. Also, knowledge of potential sources may help decisionmakers identify the potential for the presence of contaminants that have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or endocrine-disrupting effects at concentrations that are lower by orders of magnitude than the chloride concentrations in the source water. This report is a comprehensive synthesis of relevant information, but it is not the result of an exhaustive search for literature on each topic. The potential adverse effects of chloride on infrastructure and the environment are not discussed in this report because these issues have been extensively documented elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151080","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Office of Project Development and Environmental Review","usgsCitation":"Granato, G.E., DeSimone, L.A., Barbaro, J.R., and Jeznach, L.C., 2015, Methods for evaluating potential sources of chloride in surface waters and groundwaters of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1080, 89 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151080.","productDescription":"ix, 89 p.","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063136","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science 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U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
The Colorado River and its tributaries supply water to more than 35 million people in the United States and 3 million people in Mexico, irrigating more than 4.5 million acres of farmland, and generating about 12 billion kilowatt hours of hydroelectric power annually. The Upper Colorado River Basin, encompassing more than 110,000 square miles (mi2), contains the headwaters of the Colorado River (also known as the River) and is an important source of snowmelt runoff to the River. Groundwater discharge also is an important source of water in the River and its tributaries, with estimates ranging from 21 to 58 percent of streamflow in the upper basin. Planning for the sustainable management of the Colorado River in future climates requires an understanding of the Upper Colorado River Basin groundwater system. This report documents input datasets for a Soil-Water Balance groundwater recharge model that was developed for the Upper Colorado River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151160","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the USGS Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F., 2015, Documentation of input datasets for the soil-water balance groundwater recharge model of the Upper Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1160, v, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151160.","productDescription":"v, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066684","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1160/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307919,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1160/ofr20151160.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1160 PDF"},{"id":316699,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr_2015_1160_soil-water_balance"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.69937133789062,\n 36.730079507078415\n ],\n [\n -111.68083190917969,\n 36.730079507078415\n ],\n [\n -111.64581298828125,\n 36.72677751526221\n ],\n [\n -111.4068603515625,\n 36.67723060234619\n ],\n [\n -111.181640625,\n 36.54936246839778\n ],\n [\n -110.45654296875,\n 36.46105407505434\n ],\n [\n -109.8687744140625,\n 35.991340960635405\n ],\n [\n -109.5062255859375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -109.21508789062499,\n 35.48751102385376\n ],\n [\n -108.907470703125,\n 35.34425514918409\n ],\n [\n -107.5286865234375,\n 35.290468565908775\n ],\n [\n -107.2760009765625,\n 35.28150065789119\n ],\n [\n -107.215576171875,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -107.13317871093749,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -106.9793701171875,\n 35.62604706595698\n ],\n [\n -106.94091796875,\n 35.817813158696616\n ],\n [\n -106.875,\n 36.26199220445664\n ],\n [\n -106.842041015625,\n 36.67723060234619\n ],\n [\n -106.864013671875,\n 37.02886944696474\n ],\n [\n -107.0068359375,\n 37.21283151445594\n ],\n [\n -107.33642578124999,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -107.545166015625,\n 37.55328764595765\n ],\n [\n -107.666015625,\n 37.74465712069939\n ],\n [\n -107.42431640625,\n 37.84883250647402\n ],\n [\n -107.07275390625,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -106.6552734375,\n 38.004819966413194\n ],\n [\n -106.666259765625,\n 38.33303882235456\n ],\n [\n -106.69921875,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -106.875,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -106.435546875,\n 39.40224434029275\n ],\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -105.908203125,\n 40.34654412118006\n ],\n [\n -105.99609375,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -106.435546875,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -106.69921875,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -107.57812499999999,\n 42.65012181368025\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 42.84375132629023\n ],\n [\n -108.8525390625,\n 43.13306116240612\n ],\n [\n -109.423828125,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -109.77539062499999,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -109.9072265625,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -110.3466796875,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -110.61035156249999,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 43.13306116240612\n ],\n [\n -110.8740234375,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 41.19518982948959\n ],\n [\n -111.181640625,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -111.37939453125,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -111.73095703125,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -111.884765625,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -111.97265625,\n 39.33429742980725\n ],\n [\n -112.2802734375,\n 39.11301365149975\n ],\n [\n -112.43408203124999,\n 38.856820134743636\n ],\n [\n -112.60986328125,\n 38.59970036588819\n ],\n [\n -112.60986328125,\n 38.376115424036016\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 37.87485339352928\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -112.9833984375,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 36.756490329505155\n ],\n [\n -112.34619140625,\n 36.5978891330702\n ],\n [\n -111.97265625,\n 36.56260003738548\n ],\n [\n -111.69937133789062,\n 36.730079507078415\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
http://az.water.usgs.gov/
Three different geophysical sensor types were used to characterize the underwater pressure waves generated by the underwater firing of a seismic water gun and their suitability for establishing a pressure barrier to potentially direct or prevent the movement of the Asian carps. The sensors used to collect the seismic information were blast rated hydrophones and underwater blast sensors. Specific location information for the water guns and the sensors was obtained using either laser rangefinders or differentially corrected global positioning systems (GPS).
\nTwo separate studies are discussed in this report. The two studies were completed during September 2012 and July 2013. Both of these studies took place in an earthen testing pond on the campus of Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (UMESC) in La Crosse, Wisconsin.
\nPrevious studies had identified 5 pounds per square inch (lb/in2) as a target value for the successful operation of a water gun barrier. The September 2012 study evaluated the performance of 1-cubic-inch (in3) and 80-in3 water guns. Data from the 1-in3 gun showed that it produces a very planar wave with limited effect on the depths above and below its gun ports. The 1-in3 gun did not produce the 5-lb/in2
\ntarget pressure at a sufficient distance to be considered effective. The 80-in3 gun produced a bowl-shaped pressure field with the 5-lb/in2 target radius at the surface extending to 45 feet.
\nThe July 2013 study consisted of three scenarios: fish behavior, single gun assessment, and experimental barrier evaluation. The fish behavior scenario simulated the pond conditions from previous studies. Two 80-in3 water guns were fired in the south end of the testing pond. Pressures essentially doubled from the testing of the single 80-in3 water gun. The single gun assessment scenario sought to replicate the setup of the 80-in3 scenario in September 2012, but with additional sensors to better define the pressure field. The 5-lb/in2 target pressure field continued to show a radius ranging from 40 to 45 feet, dependent on the pressure of the input air. The final scenario, the experimental barrier evaluation, showed that a two-dimensional continuous plane of 5 lb/in2 can be created between two 80-in3 water guns to a separation of 99 feet and a depth of 6.5 feet with 1,500 lb/in2 of input air.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151130","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Adams, R.F., and Morrow, W.S., 2015, Geophysical investigation of the pressure field produced by water guns at a pond site in La Crosse, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1130, 24 p., 1 app., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151130.","productDescription":"iv, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-09-01","temporalEnd":"2013-07-31","ipdsId":"IP-053140","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1130/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307793,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1130/ofr20151130.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1130"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"La Crosse","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.25677585601807,\n 43.8665583482127\n ],\n [\n -91.25677585601807,\n 43.86934288877363\n ],\n [\n -91.24935150146484,\n 43.86934288877363\n ],\n [\n -91.24935150146484,\n 43.8665583482127\n ],\n [\n -91.25677585601807,\n 43.8665583482127\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
405 N. Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
(217) 328-8747
http://il.water.usgs.gov/
In 2012, the total amount of water withdrawn in Florida was estimated to be 14,237 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). Saline water accounted for 7,855 Mgal/d (55 percent), and freshwater accounted for 6,383 Mgal/d (45 percent). Groundwater accounted for 4,167 Mgal/d (65 percent) of freshwater withdrawals, and surface water accounted for the remaining 2,216 Mgal/d (35 percent). Surface water accounted for nearly all (99.9 percent) saline-water withdrawals. Freshwater withdrawals were greatest in Palm Beach County (682 Mgal/d), and saline-water withdrawals were greatest in Pasco County (1,822 Mgal/d). Fresh groundwater provided drinking water (through either public supply or private domestic wells) for 17.699 million residents (93 percent of Florida’s population), and fresh surface water provided drinking water for 1.375 million residents (7 percent). The statewide public-supply gross per capita water use for 2012 was estimated at 136 gallons per day.
\nOverall, agricultural self-supplied accounted for 39 percent of the total freshwater withdrawals (groundwater and surface water), followed by public supply (36 percent). Public supply accounted for 49 percent of groundwater withdrawals, followed by agricultural self-supplied (34 percent), commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied (7 percent), recreational-landscape irrigation and domestic self-supplied (5 percent each), and power generation (less than 1 percent). Agricultural self-supplied accounted for 50 percent of fresh surface-water withdrawals, followed by power generation (26 percent), public supply (11 percent), recreational-landscape irrigation (9 percent), and commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied (4 percent). Power generation accounted for nearly all (99.8 percent) saline-water withdrawals.
\nThe largest percentage of freshwater withdrawals was from the South Florida Water Management District (46 percent), followed by the St. Johns River Water Management District (20 percent), Southwest Florida Water Management District (19 percent), Northwest Florida Water Management District (9 percent), and Suwannee River Water Management District (6 percent). The South Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest percentage of freshwater withdrawals for public-supply use (46 percent), commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied use (24 percent), agricultural self-supplied use (59 percent), and recreational-landscape irrigation use (63 percent). The Northwest Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest percentage of freshwater withdrawals for power-generation use (44 percent), and the Southwest Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest percentage of saline-water withdrawals for power-generation use (58 percent).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Marella, R.L., 2015, Water withdrawals in Florida, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1156, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151156.","productDescription":"10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-064707","costCenters":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307712,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1156/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307713,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1156/ofr20151156_marella-water-use-2012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"588 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1156"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12703 Research Parkway
Orlando, FL 32826
http://fl.water.usgs.gov
The Frazier Mountain paleoseismic site is located within the northern Big Bend of the southern San Andreas Fault (lat 34.8122° N., lon 118.9034° W.), in a small structural basin formed by the fault (fig. 1). The site has been the focus of over a decade of paleoseismic study due to high stratigraphic resolution and abundant dateable material. Trench 1 (T1) was initially excavated as a 50-m long, fault-perpendicular trench crossing the northern half of the basin (Lindvall and others, 2002; Scharer and others, 2014a). Owing to the importance of a high-resolution trench site at this location on a 200-km length of the fault with no other long paleoseismic records, later work progressively lengthened and deepened T1 in a series of excavations, or cuts, that enlarged the original excavation. Scharer and others (2014a) provide the photomosaics and event evidence for the first four cuts, which largely show the upper section of the site, represented by alluvial deposits that date from about A.D. 1500 to present. Scharer and others (2014b) discuss the earthquake evidence and dating at the site within the context of prehistoric rupture lengths and magnitudes on the southern San Andreas Fault. Here we present the photomosaics and event evidence for a series of cuts from the lower section, covering sediments that were deposited from about A.D. 500 to 1500 (fig. 2).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151147","usgsCitation":"Scharer, K.M., Fumal, T.E., Weldon, R.J., II, Streig, A.R., 2015, Photomosaics and event evidence from the Frazier Mountain paleoseismic site, trench 1, cuts 5–24, San Andreas Fault Zone, southern California (2010–2012): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1147, 25 p., 3 sheets, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151147.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iii, 28 p.; 6 Sheets: 36.0 x 38.9 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-065601","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307515,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1147/ofr20151147_sheet2lg.pdf","text":"Sheet 2 print optimized","size":"76.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1147 Sheet 2 print version"},{"id":307517,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1147/ofr20151147_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1 screen optimized","size":"7.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1147 Sheet 1 screen version"},{"id":307513,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1147/ofr20151147_sheet1lg.pdf","text":"Sheet 1 print optimized","size":"62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1147 Sheet 1 print version"},{"id":307516,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1147/ofr20151147_sheet3lg.pdf","text":"Sheet 3 print optimized","size":"71.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1147 Sheet 3 print version"},{"id":307519,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1147/ofr20151147_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3 screen optimized","size":"10.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1147 Sheet 3 screen version"},{"id":307518,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1147/ofr20151147_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2 screen optimized","size":"5.6 Mb","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1147 Sheet 2 screen version"},{"id":307215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1147/coverthb.gif"},{"id":307216,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1147/ofr20151147_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1147 Pamphlet to accompany map sheets"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Frazier Mountain, San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,34.0 ], [ -120.0,36.0 ], [ -118.0,36.0 ], [ -118.0,34.0 ], [ -120.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Earthquake Science Center—Menlo Park, Calif. Office
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025 http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, measured suspended-sediment concentrations, currents, waves, light attenuation, and a variety of other water-quality parameters in the summer of 2013 in Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey. These measurements quantified light attenuation and sediment resuspension in three seagrass meadows. Data were acquired sequentially at three paired channel-shoal sites, as the equipment was moved from south to north in the estuary. Data were collected for approximately 3 weeks at each site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Dickhudt, P.J., Ganju, N.K, and Montgomery, E.T., 2015, Summary of oceanographic measurements for characterizing light attenuation and sediment resuspension in the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor estuary, New Jersey, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1146, 18 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151146.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 18 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065792","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307544,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1146/ofr20151146.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1146"},{"id":307640,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7GB224S","text":"Oceanographic measurements for characterizing light attenuation and sediment resuspension in the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary, New Jersey, 2013","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":307543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1146/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.90228271484375,\n 40.29419163838167\n ],\n [\n -74.26483154296875,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -74.4598388671875,\n 39.84439484396462\n ],\n [\n -74.63836669921874,\n 39.53793974517628\n ],\n [\n -74.8114013671875,\n 39.3130504637139\n ],\n [\n -74.66033935546875,\n 39.179046210512645\n ],\n [\n -74.619140625,\n 39.17052936145295\n ],\n [\n -74.58343505859374,\n 39.18117526158749\n ],\n [\n -74.39666748046874,\n 39.29392267616436\n ],\n [\n -74.2510986328125,\n 39.442556532077376\n ],\n [\n -74.102783203125,\n 39.64165260123416\n ],\n [\n -74.0423583984375,\n 39.83174093314558\n ],\n [\n -73.90228271484375,\n 40.29419163838167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543-1598
508-548-8700 or 508-457-2200
Or visit our Web site at:
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/
Numbers of adult and juvenile Pacific lamprey ( Entosphenus tridentatus ) in the upper Columbia River Basin of the interior Pacific Northwest have decreased from historical levels (Close and others, 2002), raising concerns f rom State and Federal agencies and Tribal entities. In 1994, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designated Pacific lamprey as a Category 2 candidate species and in 2003, the species was petitioned for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Listing consideration and potential recovery planning are significantly hindered by a lack of information on the basic biology and ecology of lampreys, including limiting factors. To date (2015), several factors that may limit lamprey production require study, including dam passage issues, contaminants, and effects on habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151157","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T.L., Weiland, L.K., and Mesa, M.G., 2015, Vulnerability of larval lamprey to Columbia River hydropower system operations—Effects of dewatering on larval lamprey movements and survival: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1157, 28 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151157.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066361","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307622,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1157/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1157/ofr20151157.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1157 PDF"}],"contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/
This report presents five storage assessment units (SAUs) that have been identified as potentially suitable for geologic carbon dioxide sequestration within a 35,075-square-mile area that includes the entire onshore and State-water portions of the South Florida Basin. Platform-wide, thick successions of laterally extensive carbonates and evaporites deposited in highly cyclic depositional environments in the South Florida Basin provide several massive, porous carbonate reservoirs that are separated by evaporite seals. For each storage assessment unit identified within the basin, the areal distribution of the reservoir-seal couplet identified as suitable for geologic Carbon dioxide sequestration is presented, along with a description of the geologic characteristics that influence the potential carbon dioxide storage volume and reservoir performance. On a case-by-case basis, strategies for estimating the pore volume existing within structurally and (or) stratigraphically closed traps are also discussed. Geologic information presented in this report has been employed to calculate potential storage capacities for carbon dioxide sequestration in the storage assessment units assessed herein, although complete assessment results are not contained in this report.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources (Open-File Report 2012-1024)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024L","usgsCitation":"Roberts-Ashby, T.L., Brennan, S.T., Merrill, M.D., Blondes, M.S., Freeman, P.A., Cahan, S.M., DeVera, C.A., and Lohr, C.D., 2015, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources—South Florida Basin, chap. L of Warwick, P.D., and Corum, M.D., eds., Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1024–L, 22 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024L.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 22 p.; Datasets","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-061691","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307480,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/l/downloads/Cell_C5050.zip","text":"Well Density","size":"120 kB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":307479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/l/ofr20121024l.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2012-1024-L"},{"id":307473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/l/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307481,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/l/downloads/SAU_C5050.zip","text":"Storage Assessment Units","size":"1.34 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"South Florida Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.70556640625,\n 28.729130483430154\n ],\n [\n -81.375732421875,\n 28.555576049185973\n ],\n [\n -82.386474609375,\n 28.478348692223165\n ],\n [\n -82.672119140625,\n 28.507315578441784\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 28.20760859532738\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 27.96044306897833\n ],\n [\n -82.8643798828125,\n 27.824502916144823\n ],\n [\n -82.7764892578125,\n 27.702983735525834\n ],\n [\n -82.6611328125,\n 27.48390806852859\n ],\n [\n -82.562255859375,\n 27.322974947245704\n ],\n [\n -82.4468994140625,\n 27.064017546608703\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 26.632728662035912\n ],\n [\n -82.12280273437499,\n 26.391869671769022\n ],\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 26.42138972529502\n ],\n [\n -81.82617187499999,\n 25.997549919572112\n ],\n [\n -81.6064453125,\n 25.799891182088334\n ],\n [\n -81.265869140625,\n 25.681137335685307\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 25.34402602913433\n ],\n [\n -81.287841796875,\n 25.24469595130604\n ],\n [\n -81.6943359375,\n 24.936257323061316\n ],\n [\n -82.1337890625,\n 24.776759933219164\n ],\n [\n -82.562255859375,\n 24.78673454198888\n ],\n [\n -82.94677734375,\n 24.826624956562167\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 24.676969798202656\n ],\n [\n -83.07861328125,\n 24.4971463205719\n ],\n [\n -82.825927734375,\n 24.32707654001865\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 24.37712083961039\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 24.54712317973075\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 24.836595553891183\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 25.304303764403617\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 25.730632525531913\n ],\n [\n -80.057373046875,\n 26.322960198925365\n ],\n [\n -80.035400390625,\n 26.88288045572338\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 27.35225293806387\n ],\n [\n -80.452880859375,\n 27.877928333679495\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 28.275358281817105\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 28.507315578441784\n ],\n [\n -80.70556640625,\n 28.729130483430154\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"USGS Energy Resources Program,
Health & Environment
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
National Center, MS 913
Reston, VA 20192
USGS ERP: Geologic CO2 Sequestration
The primary mission of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) is comprehensive global earthquake monitoring (M4.5 or larger) and complete seismic monitoring of the United States for all significant earthquakes (M3.0 or larger or felt). In recent years, the NEIC has assumed a more prominent role in local and regional seismic monitoring, backup capabilities, and special studies. The NEIC uses numerous scientific algorithms to produce information products for local, national, and international disaster responders; infrastructure corporations (for example, utility providers and insurers); U.S. embassies worldwide; news agencies; national and international earth science research communities; and millions of public users.
\nTo support this mission, the NEIC operates a constant service to derive numerous information products as rapidly and accurately as possible. Derived information products and data sets provide a wealth of related earthquake information and include products such as location, magnitude, maps of shaking intensity, moment tensors, phase arrivals, and loss and damage reports. These information products are automatically derived in near real-time and refined over time. Earthquake information products vary from well formatted text files, to binary files, to directories full of many files. A team of analysts, who provide constant coverage, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, review the acquired data and automatically derived products (1) in near real-time for rapid release and (2) in the weeks following events to produce historical catalogs of global earthquakes in support of scientific research. Data and products are reviewed both in near real-time for rapid release and in the weeks following events to produce historical catalogs of global earthquakes in support of scientific research. At the present time, the NEIC publishes data for approximately 25,000 earthquakes annually.
\nThe NEIC software system that supports this service and mission comprises many subsystems. The internals of each subsystem are often complex, but the integration between all of the subsystems is well defined, standardized, and straightforward. This Open-File Report describes the systems’ integration infrastructure and how all the subsystems fit together. It provides summary views of the system as a whole, along with detailed views of the inputs, outputs, and dependencies for each subsystem. It also outlines the many shared data services that support these subsystems and applications as well as external customers. The NEIC systems-integration effort is ongoing. Additional integration steps, needed to reach our goals, are discussed.
\nIt is important to note that this document provides a brief introduction to the work of dozens of software developers and IT specialists, spanning in many cases more than a decade. References to significant amounts of supporting documentation, code, and information are supplied within.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151120","usgsCitation":"Guy, Michelle, Patton, John, Fee, J.M., Hearne, Mike, Martinez, E.M., Ketchum, D., Worden, C.B., Quitoriano, Vince, Hunter, E.J., Smoczyk, G.M., and Schwarz, Stan, 2015, National Earthquake Information Center systems overview and integration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1120, 25 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151120.","productDescription":"iii, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065994","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306512,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1120/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306513,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1120/ofr20151120.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1120"}],"contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS–966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center has created a Data Library to organize, preserve, and make available the field, laboratory, and modeling data collected and processed by Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center staff. This Data Library supports current research efforts by providing unique, historic datasets with accompanying metadata. The Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center’s Data Library has custody of historic data and records that are still useful for research, and assists with preservation and distribution of marine science records and data in the course of scientific investigation and experimentation by researchers and staff at the science center.
\nThe data accession and retention policies employed by the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Data Library are based on scientific need and the National Archives and Records Administration standards for Federal records retention. Criteria for inclusion of data and records into the Data Library, the scope of the Data Library holdings, and operating procedures for the management and running of the library are designed to support the research operations of the U.S. Geological Survey.
\nThis report explains the roles and detailed responsibilities of library and scientific staff, and provides step-by-step instructions for managing the collections of the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Data Library.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151141","usgsCitation":"List, K.M., Buczkowski, B.J., McCarthy, L.P., and Orton, A.M., 2015, Collections management plan for the U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Data Library: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1141, 16 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151141.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060877","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306752,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1141/ofr20151141.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.87 MB","description":"OFR 2015-1141"},{"id":306751,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1141/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"
Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine
Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543-1598
WHSC_science_director@usgs.gov
508-548-8700 or 508-457-2200
Or visit our Web site at:
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/
Acknowledgments
\nAbstract
\nIntroduction to the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Data Library
\nScope of the Collections in the Data Library
\nGeology Discipline Research Records Schedule
\nRoles and Responsibilities
\nData Library Operations
\nSummary
\nSelected References
\nGiant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) comprise a species of semi-aquatic snakes precinctive to marshes in the Central Valley of California (Hansen and Brode, 1980; Rossman and others, 1996). Because more than 90 percent of their historical wetland habitat has been converted to other uses (Frayer and others, 1989; Garone, 2007), giant gartersnakes have been listed as threatened by the State of California (California Department of Fish and Game Commission , 1971) and the United States (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1993). Giant gartersnakes currently occur in a highly modified landscape, with most extant populations occurring in the rice - growing regions of the Sacramento Valley, especially near areas that historically were tule marsh habitat (Halstead and others, 2010, 2014).
\nIn ricelands and managed marshes, many operational decisions likely affect the health and viability of giant gartersnake populations. Land-use decisions, including the management of water, aquatic vegetation, terrestrial vegetation, and co-occurring species, have the potential to affect giant gartersnakes. Little is known, however, about the effects of these types of decisions on the viability of giant gartersnake populations. Bayesian network models are a useful tool to help guide decisions with uncertain outcomes. These models require the articulation of what experts think they know about a system, and facilitate learning about the hypothesized relations (Marcot and others, 2001; Uusitalo , 2007).
\nBayesian networks further provide a clear visual display of the model that facilitates understanding among various stakeholders (Marcot and others, 2001; Uusitalo , 2007). Empirical data and expert judgment can be combined, as continuous or categorical variables, to update knowledge about the system (Marcot and others, 2001; Uusitalo , 2007). Importantly, Bayesian network models allow inference from causes to consequences, but also from consequences to causes, so that data can inform the states of nodes (values of different random variables) in either direction (Marcot and others, 2001; Uusitalo , 2007). Because they can incorporate both decision nodes that represent management actions and utility nodes that quantify the costs and benefits of outcomes, Bayesian networks are ideally suited to risk analysis and adaptive management (Nyberg and others, 2006; Howes and others, 2010). Thus, Bayesian network models are useful in situations where empirical data are not available, such as questions concerning the responses of giant gartersnakes to management.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151152","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B.J., Wylie, G.D., Casazza, M.L., Hansen, E.C., Scherer, R.D., and Patterson, L.C., 2015, A conceptual model for site-level ecology of the giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) in the Sacramento Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1152, 152 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151152.","productDescription":"iv, 152 p.","numberOfPages":"160","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061941","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1152/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306766,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1152/ofr20151152.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1152"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.26684570312499,\n 38.47079371120379\n ],\n [\n -122.26684570312499,\n 39.51675478434244\n ],\n [\n -121.42639160156249,\n 39.51675478434244\n ],\n [\n -121.42639160156249,\n 38.47079371120379\n ],\n [\n -122.26684570312499,\n 38.47079371120379\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://werc.usgs.gov/
The Boulder magnetic observatory has, since 1963, been operated by the Geomagnetism Program of the U.S. Geological Survey in accordance with Bureau and national priorities. Data from the observatory are used for a wide variety of scientific purposes, both pure and applied. The observatory also supports developmental projects within the Geomagnetism Program and collaborative projects with allied geophysical agencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151125","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., Finn, C.A., Pedrie, K.L., and Blum, C.C., 2015, The Boulder magnetic observatory: U.S. Geological Survey\nOpen-File Report 2015–1125, 8 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151125.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066290","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306618,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1125/ofr20151125.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.89","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1125"},{"id":306617,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1125/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Boulder","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Magnetic Observatory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.25279998779297,\n 40.118515137824204\n ],\n [\n -105.25279998779297,\n 40.148438503139076\n ],\n [\n -105.22430419921875,\n 40.148438503139076\n ],\n [\n -105.22430419921875,\n 40.118515137824204\n ],\n [\n -105.25279998779297,\n 40.118515137824204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Geomagnetism Program
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS–966
Denver, CO 80225–0046
http://geomag.usgs.gov/
This report, prepared for the National Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council (NEPEC), is intended as a step toward improving communications about earthquake hazards between information providers and users who coordinate emergency-response activities in the Cascadia region of the Pacific Northwest. NEPEC charged a subcommittee of scientists with writing this report about forewarnings of increased probabilities of a damaging earthquake. We begin by clarifying some terminology; a “prediction” refers to a deterministic statement that a particular future earthquake will or will not occur. In contrast to the 0- or 100-percent likelihood of a deterministic prediction, a “forecast” describes the probability of an earthquake occurring, which may range from >0 to <100 percent. When the time window is short (days to months) and the forecast is formulated for operational utility, this term may be “operational earthquake forecasting.” The subcommittee considered short-term forecasts only, herein referred to as “forewarnings,” but not their formulation into messages or their applications, which will be addressed by NEPEC in subsequent activities.
The subcommittee considered “direct” and “indirect” forewarnings. Direct forewarnings originate with observed changes in geologic processes or conditions, which may include
Indirect forewarnings are based largely on model predictions of increased earthquake-occurrence probabilities. In this context, “models” refers to simulations of the processes believed to affect earthquake occurrence, as implemented in computer software, laboratory experiments, or some analog natural system. These indirect forewarnings likely will be more uncertain and difficult to interpret than direct forewarnings. This report also highlights the challenges of assessing the significance of forewarnings, which mostly will be extraordinary events with little or no historical precedent in the Cascadia region.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151151","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., Atwater, B., Beeler, N., Bodin, P., Davis, E., Frankel, A., Hayes, G., McConnell, V., Melbourne, T., Oppenheimer, D., Parrish, J., Roeloffs, E., Rogers, G., Sherrod, B., Vidale, J., Walsh, T., Weaver, C., and Whitmore, P., 2015, Earthquake forewarning in the Cascadia region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1151, 8 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151151.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064402","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306462,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1151/coverthb.gif"},{"id":306463,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1151/ofr20151151.pdf","text":"Report","size":"230 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1151"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.0576171875,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -120.14648437499999,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -117.72949218749999,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -116.630859375,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -111.181640625,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -109.6875,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -109.9072265625,\n 43.51668853502909\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -112.8076171875,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -113.4228515625,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 49.724479188713005\n ],\n [\n -118.21289062499999,\n 52.64306343665892\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 54.41892996865827\n ],\n [\n -129.7265625,\n 58.63121664342478\n ],\n [\n -134.912109375,\n 59.977005492196\n ],\n [\n -137.373046875,\n 60.15244221438077\n ],\n [\n -139.21874999999997,\n 60.37042901631508\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 60.413852350464914\n ],\n [\n -141.591796875,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -140.09765625,\n 59.66774058164963\n ],\n [\n -138.25195312499997,\n 58.99531118795094\n ],\n [\n -135.17578125,\n 56.36525013685606\n ],\n [\n -132.451171875,\n 52.32191088594773\n ],\n [\n -129.0234375,\n 50.62507306341435\n ],\n [\n -125.94726562499999,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 48.04870994288686\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 42.81152174509788\n ],\n [\n -124.0576171875,\n 40.58058466412764\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"
Earthquake Science Center—Seattle, Washington Field Office
\nU.S. Geological Survey
\nDept. Earth & Space Sciences
\nUniversity of Washington, Box 351310
\nSeattle, WA 98195-1310
\n","tableOfContents":"