An existing two-dimensional, steady-state groundwater-flow model of the shallow groundwater-flow system of the Lac du Flambeau Reservation in Vilas County, Wisconsin, originally developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, was used to simulate the potential for wastewater from a proposed relocation of a wastewater lagoon to contaminate the Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa’s drinking-water-supply wells. This simulation was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa and Indian Health Service. The simulated scenarios consisted of removing wastewater infiltration from existing lagoons and re-applying that infiltration at the proposed location. Two analyses were performed for the scenarios. First, the probable extent of the plume discharging from the proposed infiltration lagoons was mapped with a Monte Carlo algorithm that used uncertainty identified during the calibration process to simulate thousands of possible outcomes. Second, the Monte Carlo method was again used to simulate a probabilistic contributing area for the Tribe’s nearby “Main Pumphouse” supply wells. The purpose of the simulations was to evaluate the potential for infiltrated wastewater to be captured by the public-supply wells.
Most features of the previously developed model remained unchanged, including calibrated parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and recharge. Thus, the same covariance distributions that were generated during calibration of the regional model (Juckem and others, 2014) remained unchanged and were used to inform the Monte Carlo simulations for the scenario simulations described in this report. The reader is encouraged to read the full report by Juckem and others (available at https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145020) for a detailed description of the model design and calibration, as well as a description of the Monte Carlo method, its limitations, and the original results.
Results for these new scenarios indicate that the probabilistic plume extent for the proposed infiltration lagoons does not reach the Main Pumphouse wells using pumping rates and wastewater volumes estimated for 2010. Similarly, the contributing area for the Main Pumphouse wells does not capture water from within the proposed infiltration lagoon footprint. However, at higher pumping rates and wastewater volumes, as projected by the Tribe for about 2035, the contributing area for the Main Pumphouse wells do include particles that originated within the proposed lagoon footprint, albeit at low probabilities. That is, for a few of the thousands of simulations that represented a range of calibration-informed parameter covariances, some amount of infiltrated wastewater was captured by the Main Pumphouse wells under projected 2035 conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa and Indian Health Service","usgsCitation":"Juckem, P.F., and Fienen, M.N., 2020, Simulation of the probabilistic plume extent for a potential replacement wastewater-infiltration lagoon, and probabilistic contributing areas for supply wells for the Town of Lac du Flambeau, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1032, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201032.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 10 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-109305","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374398,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1032/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":374399,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1032/ofr20201032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020–1032"},{"id":374400,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z2YUW5","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"GFLOW model files used to generate probabilistic waste-water plume extents and contributing areas to supply wells for a proposed waste-water infil-tration lagoon scenario, Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin ","county":"Vilas County","city":"Lac du Flambeau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.92378234863281,\n 45.94386878224691\n ],\n [\n -89.85013961791992,\n 45.94386878224691\n ],\n [\n -89.85013961791992,\n 45.98408084285212\n ],\n [\n -89.92378234863281,\n 45.98408084285212\n ],\n [\n -89.92378234863281,\n 45.94386878224691\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 55562
A key component of evaluating the success of habitat remediation projects is determining preremediation conditions, biotic and abiotic, to establish a baseline and compare with postproject conditions. The Rouge River, Michigan, is a Great Lakes Area of Concern with a listed Beneficial Use Impairment related to loss of fish and wildlife habitat. A biological and habitat assessment was completed in the lower Rouge River, focused along a nearly 7-kilometer stretch of river that includes a concrete channel anticipated to be removed by 2022, to determine prerestoration conditions. Surveys documented the presence and quality of physical habitat, presence of herpetofauna, and quantified macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages at 12 sites (3 upstream from the concrete channel, 6 within the concrete channel, and 3 downstream from the concrete channel). Macroinvertebrate assemblages were dominated by Chironomidae and Oligochaeta for June and September. The electrofishing catch per unit effort was driven by Notropis atherinoides (emerald shiner) catches in June and emerald shiner and Dorosoma cepedianum (gizzard shad) catches in September. Graptemys geographica (northern map turtle) was the most common reptile observed throughout the lower Rouge River. No submergent macrophytes were discovered, and riparian vegetation was sparse in the concrete channel section. No sites scored “excellent” (total score greater than 154), upstream control sites scored “good” for overall qualitative habitat assessments (total score 105–154), and all concrete channel and downstream control sites were ranked as “marginal” (total score 56–104) or “poor” habitat (total score 0–55). Results from this assessment can be used to compare with postremediation projects in the lower Rouge River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Roseman E.F., Fischer J., DeBruyne R.L., and Jackson, S.A., 2020, Biological and habitat assessment of the lower Rouge River, Michigan, 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5009, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205009.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 54 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-105540","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374499,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GUZ668","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Pre-restoration biological and physical assessment of the lower Rouge River, MI, 2018"},{"id":374498,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5009/sir20205009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5009"},{"id":374497,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5009/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lower Rouge River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.49472045898436,\n 42.189355296506314\n ],\n [\n -83.09097290039062,\n 42.189355296506314\n ],\n [\n -83.09097290039062,\n 42.4417010906216\n ],\n [\n -83.49472045898436,\n 42.4417010906216\n ],\n [\n -83.49472045898436,\n 42.189355296506314\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Great Lakes Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Urban environments offer habitat for many species of animals. Although some of those are ubiquitous and/or undesirable, others are native and in some cases, of conservation value. In many cases, urban wildlife populations are a source of enjoyment for human residents, who sometimes invest considerable amounts in attracting them to yards and public spaces. Their presence there can serve an important educational role that helps protect non-urban habitats and species. Nonetheless, urban wildlife must survive what has been termed a “landscape of fear.” Although some of the urban wildlife that do well in this environment are benign, other populations – sometimes of a species that, in other locations, is iconic and desirable – can become problematic. Some species can serve as vectors that carry important zoonosis, such as the plague or diseases that affect other wildlife. Others can create noise or olfactory nuisances and degrade structures or usability of public spaces. Some pose hazards at busy airports, whereas still others may present an envenomation or predation risk on unwary humans. Here, we review the role that reptiles, birds, and mammals play in urban environments and discuss how urban wildlife rehabilitation centers help address some related issues. We close by looking ahead and trying to predict how global patterns such as increased urbanization and population growth may affect urban wildlife and its value for conservation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Problematic wildlife II: New conservation and management challenges in the human-wildlife interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-42335-3_5","usgsCitation":"Perry, G., Boal, C.W., Verble, R., and Wallace, M., 2020, “Good” and “bad”: Human perceptions of and interactions with urban wildlife, chap. 5 of Problematic wildlife II: New conservation and management challenges in the human-wildlife interactions, p. 141-170, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42335-3_5.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"170","ipdsId":"IP-094183","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, G.","contributorId":273160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36331,"text":"Texas Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verble, R.","contributorId":273161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verble","given":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36331,"text":"Texas Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallace, M.","contributorId":273162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallace","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36331,"text":"Texas Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209795,"text":"sir20205043 - 2020 - Chemical evaluation of water and gases collected from hydrothermal systems located in the central Aleutian arc, August 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-07T19:58:50.668535","indexId":"sir20205043","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-07T10:17:43","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5043","displayTitle":"Chemical Evaluation of Water and Gases Collected from Hydrothermal Systems Located in the Central Aleutian Arc, August 2015","title":"Chemical evaluation of water and gases collected from hydrothermal systems located in the central Aleutian arc, August 2015","docAbstract":"Five volcanic-hydrothermal systems in the central Aleutians Islands were sampled for water and gas geochemistry in 2015 to provide baseline data to help predict future volcanic unrest. Some areas had not been sampled in 20–30 years (Makushin volcano, Geyser Bight), and other areas had minimal to no prior sampling (Tana volcano and Fisher Caldera). The chemical and isotopic data of the waters show a wide variety of characteristics typical of hydrothermal settings. Stable isotopic analyses of the waters show no evidence for primary magmatic water, rather that waters have a meteoric origin that is variably influenced by boiling and evaporation processes. The carbon and helium isotopic analyses of gases suggest they contain a primary magmatic component typical of the upper mantle at most locations, and the CO2/S ratios show that these gases have been modified by interactions with groundwater along the flow paths. Some areas demonstrate stable compositions since the last sampling (for example, Akutan hydrothermal areas), with some being remarkably steady over very long periods (for example, Geyser Bight). Other areas show modifications because of either lower amounts of upwelling from hydrothermal sources or lower amounts of magmatic influence on the surface chemistry (for example, Upper Glacial valley of Makushin, an informally named valley leading south of the volcano toward Makushin Bay to the south). Finally, this report highlights that previously unsampled regions in the Aleutian Islands, such as Tana volcano and Fisher Caldera (the latter found to have one of the highest helium isotopic signatures ever measured in the Aleutian Islands), show evidence of ongoing subsurface magmatism that warrants continued investigation in terms of volcanic hazard.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205043","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Werner, C., Kern, C., and Kelly, P. K., 2020, Chemical evaluation of water and gases collected from hydrothermal systems located in the central Aleutian arc, August 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5043, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205043.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 35 p.; 2 Tables","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-118716","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5043/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":374538,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5043/sir20205043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":374539,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5043/sir20205043_table1.pdf","text":"Table 1","size":"200 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":374540,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5043/sir20205043_table2.pdf","text":"Table 2","size":"130 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","county":"","city":"","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -169.2333984375,\n 52.81604319154934\n ],\n [\n -168.96972656249997,\n 52.669720383688166\n ],\n [\n -168.4423828125,\n 52.8691297276852\n ],\n [\n -168.28857421875,\n 53.08082737207479\n ],\n [\n -167.62939453124997,\n 53.1335898292448\n ],\n [\n -166.75048828125,\n 53.30462107510271\n ],\n [\n -166.13525390625,\n 53.657661020298\n ],\n [\n -164.99267578125,\n 54.00776876193478\n ],\n [\n -164.11376953125,\n 54.23955053156177\n ],\n [\n -164.33349609375,\n 54.67383096593114\n ],\n [\n -164.68505859375,\n 54.88924640307589\n ],\n [\n -165.41015625,\n 54.648412502316695\n ],\n [\n -166.57470703125,\n 54.316523240258256\n ],\n [\n -168.77197265625,\n 53.605544099238\n ],\n [\n -169.2333984375,\n 52.81604319154934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Volcano Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, AK 99508
Gillnet bycatch accounts for over 400,000 bird mortalities worldwide every year, affecting a wide variety of species, especially those birds that dive when foraging. Technological solutions to improve gillnet visibility or deter birds from approaching nets, such as LED lights, are essential for aiding diving birds to perceive nets as a hazard. Designing such solutions requires obtaining visual and behavioural ecology information from species to assess their ability to see the warning devices, and to examine their behavioural responses to them. Seaducks, particularly Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis, have high bycatch mortality rates. We examined the visual fields of four Long-tailed Ducks to understand their three-dimensional view around the head. The visual field characteristics of this species indicate a reliance on visual guidance for foraging associated with their capture of varied, mobile prey in their generalist diet. We subsequently conducted dive tank trials to test the effectiveness of 12 different LED treatments as visual deterrents to the underwater foraging behaviour of 8 Long-tailed Ducks. During each trial, ducks were offered food rewards from a specific underwater location in a dive tank, having the choice of whether to take the food or not. At the same time, they were exposed to either one LED light or the control (no light) to determine whether the presence of each light affected the foraging success rate of dives compared to the control. Exposure of ducks to all 13 treatment combinations was randomised over the trial period. White lights with an increasing flash rate were shown to have a significant positive effect on foraging success, and likely acted as a visual attractant, rather than as a deterrent. No light treatment significantly reduced the foraging success of ducks. LED lights did not inhibit the feeding of Long-tailed Ducks. Such lights may be ineffective as underwater visual deterrents when deployed on gillnets, while white flashing lights may make foraging sites more attractive to Long-tailed Ducks.
Global trends in wetland degradation and loss have created an urgency to monitor wetland extent, as well as track the distribution and causes of wetland loss. Satellite imagery can be used to monitor wetlands over time, but few efforts have attempted to distinguish anthropogenic wetland loss from climate-driven variability in wetland extent. We present an approach to concurrently track land cover disturbance and inundation extent across the Mid-Atlantic region, United States, using the Landsat archive in Google Earth Engine. Disturbance was identified as a change in greenness, using a harmonic linear regression approach, or as a change in growing season brightness. Inundation extent was mapped using a modified version of the U.S. Geological Survey’s Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE) algorithm. Annual (2015–2018) disturbance averaged 0.32% (1095 km2 year-1) of the study area per year and was most common in forested areas. While inundation extent showed substantial interannual variability, the co-occurrence of disturbance and declines in inundation extent represented a minority of both change types, totaling 109 km2 over the four-year period, and 186 km2, using the National Wetland Inventory dataset in place of the Landsat-derived inundation extent. When the annual products were evaluated with permitted wetland and stream fill points, 95% of the fill points were detected, with most found by the disturbance product (89%) and fewer found by the inundation decline product (25%). The results suggest that mapping inundation alone is unlikely to be adequate to find and track anthropogenic wetland loss. Alternatively, remotely tracking both disturbance and inundation can potentially focus efforts to protect, manage, and restore wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs12091464","usgsCitation":"Vanderhoof, M.K., Christensen, J.R., Beal, Y.G., DeVries, B., Lang, M.W., Hwang, N., Mazzarella, C., and Jones, J., 2020, Isolating anthropogenic wetland loss by concurrently tracking inundation and land cover disturbance across the Mid-Atlantic Region, U.S.: Remote Sensing, v. 12, no. 9, 1464, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12091464.","productDescription":"1464, 29 p.","ipdsId":"IP-116446","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35993,"text":"Hydrologic Investigations and Research Section","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12091464","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ODILGN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tracking disturbance and inundation to identify wetland loss"},{"id":377459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, MarylandPennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Mid-Atlantic Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.70703125,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -79.5849609375,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -82.2216796875,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -83.5400390625,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -73.47656249999999,\n 34.30714385628804\n ],\n [\n -70.6640625,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -72.333984375,\n 40.212440718286466\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 39.470125122358176\n ],\n [\n -75.5859375,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -74.70703125,\n 41.44272637767212\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vanderhoof, Melanie K. 0000-0002-0101-5533 mvanderhoof@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0101-5533","contributorId":168395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderhoof","given":"Melanie","email":"mvanderhoof@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Jay R.","contributorId":238115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Jay","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beal, Yen-Ju G. 0000-0002-5538-5687 ygbeal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-5687","contributorId":5328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beal","given":"Yen-Ju","email":"ygbeal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeVries, Ben 0000-0003-2136-3401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2136-3401","contributorId":198971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeVries","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7261,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lang, Megan W.","contributorId":196284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lang","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hwang, Nora","contributorId":238116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hwang","given":"Nora","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mazzarella, Christine","contributorId":169818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzarella","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jones, John 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70209111,"text":"sir20205028 - 2020 - Simulation of discharge, water-surface elevations, and water temperatures for the St. Louis River estuary, Minnesota-Wisconsin, 2016–17","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-06T11:32:05.924687","indexId":"sir20205028","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-05T14:18:55","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5028","displayTitle":"Simulation of Discharge, Water-Surface Elevations, and Water Temperatures for the St. Louis River Estuary, Minnesota-Wisconsin, 2016–17","title":"Simulation of discharge, water-surface elevations, and water temperatures for the St. Louis River estuary, Minnesota-Wisconsin, 2016–17","docAbstract":"The St. Louis River estuary is a large freshwater estuary, next to Duluth, Minnesota, that encompasses the headwaters of Lake Superior. The St. Louis River estuary is one of the most complex and compromised near-shore systems in the upper Great Lakes with a long history of environmental contamination caused by logging, mining, paper mills, and other heavy industrial activities. Presently (2020), a widely available, science-based assessment tool capable of evaluating ecosystem-level responses to remediation and restoration projects has not existed for the estuary. To address this need, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) built a predictive, mechanistic, three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the estuary using the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code framework. In the current version, the model can simulate continuous discharge, water-surface elevations, water temperature, and flow velocity, although the modular framework allows for future additions of water-quality modeling.
The model was calibrated using data collected from April 2016 through November 2016 and validated with data collected from April 2017 through November 2017. The four types of data used to evaluate model performance were water-surface elevations, discharge, water temperature, and flow velocities. Streamflow and temperature boundary condition data included a mixture of USGS streamgage data, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources gage data, and estimates derived from the gage data.
The model was able to simulate the water-surface elevations with generally good agreement between the simulated and measured values for both years at the daily time step. Specifically, the model was able to demonstrate excellent
agreement with the measured data with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients greater than 0.8 for all three locations; however, the model was unable to produce hourly water-surface elevations with such accuracy for 2016–17.
Discharge was more dynamic than the water-surface elevations, both for the measured and simulated data. Generally, most of the discharge ranged from −650 to 1,200 cubic meters per second, but the constantly changing flux exiting the estuary into Lake Superior (positive flows) and entering the estuary from Lake Superior (negative flows) occurred throughout the year. Even upstream at the St. Louis River at Oliver, Wisconsin, gage (USGS station 0402403250), the effect of flows into the estuary from Lake Superior did occur, demonstrating the strong effect of the Lake Superior seiche on flows for the estuary.
From a performance standpoint, the model was able to simulate discharge with generally good agreement in both years, although the 2017 validation was better than the 2016 calibration period. For the daily Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients, the simulated values were 0.98, 0.62, 0.49, and 0.71 for the Oliver gage; the Superior Bay entry channel at Superior, Wisc., (USGS station 464226092005600); the Superior Bay Duluth Ship Canal at Duluth, Minn., (USGS station 464646092052900); and total entries (combination of the Superior entry and Duluth entry), respectively. For the hourly evaluation criteria, the model performed poorly, with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients less than 0 for the two entries into Lake Superior; therefore, as a predictor of discharge at the hourly scale, the model performed worse than using the measured data average. Similar to discharge, the model was a good predictor of flow velocity at the daily time scale but had difficulty matching the measured data at the hourly scale. For discharge and flow velocity, matching at subdaily time steps for a system as complicated as the St. Louis River estuary is considered difficult because the match is highly sensitive to coordinating the exact measurement location to the simulated value.
The final calibration target was water temperature, calibrated for the Oliver gage and the Duluth entry. For calibration purposes, the Duluth entry was the more important water temperature target because the Oliver gage was more of an internal check on the model. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients for the Duluth entry were high; hourly Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients at the Duluth entry were either at or greater than 0.7 for both years, and daily values were 0.84 and 0.82 for 2016 and 2017, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Smith, E.A., Kiesling, R.L., and Hayter, E.J., 2020, Simulation of discharge, water-surface elevations, and water temperatures for the St. Louis River estuary, Minnesota-Wisconsin, 2016–17: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5028, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205028.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 31 p.; Data Release; Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-113167","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437002,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U1XXG0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"St. Louis River estuary (Minnesota-Wisconsin) EFDC model scenarios for velocity profiles around Munger Landing, selected years (2012-2019)"},{"id":374450,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5028/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":374451,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5028/sir20205028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5028"},{"id":374452,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P990OUS6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"St. Louis River estuary (Minnesota-Wisconsin) EFDC hydrodynamic model for discharge and temperature simulations: 2016–17"},{"id":374455,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"National Water Information System—","linkHelpText":"USGS Water Data for the Nation"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"St. Louis River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.548828125,\n 46.62869257083747\n ],\n [\n -92.0050048828125,\n 46.62869257083747\n ],\n [\n -92.0050048828125,\n 47.07199249565323\n ],\n [\n -92.548828125,\n 47.07199249565323\n ],\n [\n -92.548828125,\n 46.62869257083747\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, MN 55112
The National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPR-A) encompasses more than 9.5 million hectares of federally managed land on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska, where it supports a diversity of wildlife, including millions of migratory birds. Within the NPR-A, Teshekpuk Lake and the surrounding area provide important habitat for migratory birds, including large numbers of waterfowl and shorebirds that use the area for breeding and molting. This area has been designated by the Bureau of Land Management as the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (TLSA) and is estimated to host 22 percent of the entire Pacific black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) population as it undergoes flightless wing molt. Additionally, numerous other waterfowl species use the area for breeding and molting, including greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons), snow geese (Chen caerulescens), Canada geese (Branta hutchinsii), and tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus). A data-derived procedure was developed to define important habitats based on recent distributions of molting birds. That procedure was used to identify areas that could be prioritized for exclusion from oil and gas development within a pre-defined “Goose Molting Area” in the TLSA. This analysis was requested by the Bureau of Land Management to provide information for the development of alternative scenarios for an updated NPR-A, Integrated Activity Plan/Environmental Impact Statement. Habitat selections were based on the population densities of Pacific black brant and Canada geese and pre-defined thresholds for the minimum fraction of the population contained within selected areas. Selections were based on long-term records of population density combined with global-positioning system data to reveal small-scale patterns of habitat use. The highest population density of the Pacific black brant was found along the Beaufort Sea coast on the eastern edge of the study area, whereas Canada geese were somewhat more widely distributed. Depending on the selection criteria and width of protective buffers placed around selected habitat units, 52–85 percent of the Goose Molting Area was identified as high-priority habitat. The effectiveness of this approach to habitat protection assumes that buffers around selected habitat units are wide enough to provide adequate protection from disturbance related to oil and gas development. This assumption remained a key source of uncertainty that could be addressed through additional study of disturbance effects on molting waterfowl.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Patil, V., Shults, B., and Thompson, S.J., 2020, Prioritizing habitats based on abundance and distribution of molting waterfowl in the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area of the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020-1034, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201034.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-115467","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374468,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZGNRTB","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Habitat selection scenarios for molting waterfowl in the Goose Molting Area of the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area, for NPR-A Integrated Activity Plan/Environmental Impact Statement (2020)"},{"id":374466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1034/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":374467,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1034/ofr20201034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1034"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"National Petroleum Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.59411621093747,\n 70.23346027955571\n ],\n [\n -151.7816162109375,\n 70.23346027955571\n ],\n [\n -151.6717529296875,\n 70.52306573985297\n ],\n [\n -152.0892333984375,\n 70.8248355501024\n ],\n [\n -153.0670166015625,\n 70.95790503334285\n ],\n [\n -154.59411621093747,\n 70.86448996613296\n ],\n [\n -154.59411621093747,\n 70.23346027955571\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
The July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence included the largest earthquake (M 7.1) to strike the conterminous United States in the past 20 yr. To characterize the types, numbers, and areal distributions of different types of ground failure (landslides, liquefaction, and ground cracking), I conducted a field investigation of ground failure triggered by the sequence around the periphery of the epicentral area (which had limited access). The earthquake sequence triggered sparse and widely scattered landslides over an area of
Conversion and fragmentation of wildlife habitat often leads to smaller and isolated populations and can reduce a species’ ability to disperse across the landscape. As a consequence, genetic drift can quickly lower genetic variation and increase vulnerability to extirpation. For species of conservation concern, quantification of population size and connectivity can clarify the influence of genetic drift in local populations and provides important information for conservation management and recovery strategies. Here, we used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data and capture-mark-recapture methods to evaluate the genetic diversity and demography within seven focal sites of the endangered San Francisco gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia), a species affected by alteration and isolation of wetland habitats throughout its distribution. The primary goals were to determine the population structure and degree of genetic isolation among T. s. tetrataenia populations and estimate effective size and population abundance within sites to better understand the present and future importance of genetic drift. We also used temporally sampled datasets to examine the magnitude of genetic change over time. We found moderate population genetic structure throughout the San Francisco Peninsula that partitions sites into northern and southern regional clusters. Point estimates of both effective size and population abundance were generally small (≤ 100) for a majority of the sites, and estimates were particularly low in the northern populations. Genetic analyses of temporal datasets indicated an increase in genetic differentiation, especially for the most geographically isolated sites, and decreased genetic diversity over time in at least one site (Pacifica). Our results suggest that drift-mediated processes as a function of small population size and reduced connectivity from neighboring populations may decrease diversity and increase differentiation. Improving genetic diversity and connectivity among T. s. tetrataenia populations could promote persistence of this endangered snake.
Structural connectivity and dispersal ability are important constraints on functional connectivity among populations. For aquatic organisms that disperse among stream corridors, the regional structure of a river network can, thus, define the boundaries of gene flow. In this study, we used mitochondrial DNA (mtCO1 barcoding gene) to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of a caddisfly with strong dispersal capabilities, Hydropsyche oslari (Trichoptera:Hydropsychidae), in the topologically-diverse Colorado River Basin. We expected to find less genetic differentiation among populations of H. oslari within the Upper Basin, which has a dense dendritic network of perennial tributaries that allow for greater potential dispersal and gene flow, than among populations within the arid and sparse river network of the Lower Basin. We also expected to find genetic differentiation among H. oslari in the Upper and Lower Basins because contemporary populations are geographically distant from each other and have been separated by a >300-km-long reservoir (Lake Powell) for ½ a century. Consistent with these predictions, we found that populations of H. oslari within the Upper Basin had more shared haplotypes and less nucleotide diversity (π = 0.001–0.008) than H. oslari within the Lower Basin (FST = 0.01, π = 0.014–0.028). However, populations were genetically more structured in the Upper Basin (FST = 0.47) than in the Lower Basin (FST = 0.01). We also found that populations in the Upper and Lower Basin are entirely genetically differentiated (Snn = 1), suggesting that these 2 populations were isolated thousands of years before the 1963 closure of Glen Canyon Dam and subsequent filling of Lake Powell. The most similar haplotypes among the 2 basins represent a 5.4% difference, which indicates the presence of a species complex within H. oslari.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1086/709022","usgsCitation":"Metcalfe, A.N., Kennedy, T.A., Marks, J.C., Smith, A.D., and Muehlbauer, J.D., 2020, Spatial population structure of a widespread aquatic insect in the Colorado River Basin: Evidence for a Hydropsyche oslari species complex: Freshwater Science, v. 39, no. 2, p. 309-320, https://doi.org/10.1086/709022.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"320","ipdsId":"IP-101885","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93GMB1Y","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Locality based caddisfly (Hydropsyche oslari) sampling data and CO1 sequences from the southwestern United States, 2013-2016"},{"id":377118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.400390625,\n 32.91648534731439\n ],\n [\n -110.302734375,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -108.369140625,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -106.25976562499999,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -104.4140625,\n 39.639537564366684\n ],\n [\n -108.720703125,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -115.927734375,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -117.7734375,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -115.400390625,\n 32.91648534731439\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metcalfe, Anya N. 0000-0002-6286-4889 ametcalfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-4889","contributorId":5271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metcalfe","given":"Anya","email":"ametcalfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore A. 0000-0003-3477-3629 tkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":167537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore","email":"tkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marks, Jane C.","contributorId":237013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marks","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Aaron D.","contributorId":167702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24810,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1808-580X jmuehlbauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-580X","contributorId":5045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muehlbauer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jmuehlbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70228157,"text":"70228157 - 2020 - Understanding nekton use of estuarine habitats in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Guidebook for natural resource managers and restoration practitioners","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-07T17:24:48.015074","indexId":"70228157","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-04T11:19:47","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10087,"text":"Guidebook","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"title":"Understanding nekton use of estuarine habitats in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Guidebook for natural resource managers and restoration practitioners","docAbstract":"Without a comprehensive understanding of nekton use of key habitats across locations, natural resource managers and restoration practitioners in the northern Gulf of Mexico region lack a key tool to assist in their efforts to design, implement, and monitor effective coastal restoration and protection efforts in the decades to come. To address this need, Abt helped conduct a systematic literature review, data compilation, and meta-analysis to evaluate nekton use of estuarine habitats in the northern Gulf of Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"Abt Associates","usgsCitation":"Hollweg, T.A., Christman, M., Sauby, K., Cebrian, J., and La Peyre, M., 2020, Understanding nekton use of estuarine habitats in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Guidebook for natural resource managers and restoration practitioners: Guidebook, 154 p.","productDescription":"154 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108690","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395512,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.abtassociates.com/insights/publications/report/understanding-nekton-use-of-estuarine-habitats-in-the-northern-gulf-of"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.99951171875,\n 29.48742484748479\n ],\n [\n -92.64770507812499,\n 29.897805610155874\n ],\n [\n -93.812255859375,\n 29.973970240516614\n ],\n [\n -94.7900390625,\n 29.897805610155874\n ],\n [\n -95.460205078125,\n 29.34387539941801\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 29.017748018496047\n ],\n [\n -96.8994140625,\n 28.738763971370293\n ],\n [\n -97.547607421875,\n 27.9361805667694\n ],\n [\n -97.679443359375,\n 27.088473156555896\n ],\n [\n -97.23999023437499,\n 26.96124577052697\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 28.51696944040106\n ],\n [\n -94.405517578125,\n 29.35345166863502\n ],\n [\n -93.021240234375,\n 29.544787796199465\n ],\n [\n -91.99951171875,\n 29.48742484748479\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollweg, T. A.","contributorId":274733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hollweg","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":56644,"text":"Abt Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christman, M. C.","contributorId":274734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christman","given":"M. C.","affiliations":[{"id":56647,"text":"MCC Statistical Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauby, K.","contributorId":274735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sauby","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56647,"text":"MCC Statistical Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cebrian, J.","contributorId":243394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cebrian","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":48710,"text":"University of South Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"La Peyre, Megan 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":79375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70212539,"text":"70212539 - 2020 - Inland fish and fisheries integral to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-20T15:30:23.464971","indexId":"70212539","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-04T10:25:44","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5791,"text":"Nature Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inland fish and fisheries integral to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals","docAbstract":"Inland fish provide food for billions and livelihoods for millions of people worldwide and are integral to effective freshwater ecosystem function, yet the recognition of these services is notably absent in development discussions and policies, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). How might the SDGs be enhanced if inland fishery services were integrated into policies and development schemes? Here, we examine the relationships between inland fish, sustainable fisheries, and functioning freshwater systems and the targets of the SDGs. Our goal is to highlight synergies across the SDGs, particularly No Poverty (SDG 1), Zero Hunger (SDG 2), Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6), Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12) and Life on Land (SDG 15), that can be achieved with the inclusion of these overlooked inland fishery services.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41893-020-0517-6","usgsCitation":"Lynch, A., Elliott, V., Phang, S.C., Claussen, J.E., Harrison, I., Karen J. Murchie, E. Ashley Steel, and Gretchen L. Stokes, 2020, Inland fish and fisheries integral to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: Nature Sustainability, v. 3, p. 579-587, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0517-6.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"587","ipdsId":"IP-107688","costCenters":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/inland-fish-and-fisheries-integral-to-achieving-the-sustainable-development-goals(c2017764-034f-4133-b092-61756a4409f8).html","text":"External Repository"},{"id":377691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lynch, Abigail 0000-0001-8449-8392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-8392","contributorId":220490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Abigail","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Vittoria","contributorId":238852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"Vittoria","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47802,"text":"WorldFish","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phang, Sui C.","contributorId":238853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phang","given":"Sui","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":47803,"text":"U. of Portsmouth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Claussen, Julie E.","contributorId":238854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Claussen","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":47804,"text":"Fisheries Conservation Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harrison, Ian","contributorId":238855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16938,"text":"Conservation International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Karen J. Murchie","contributorId":238856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karen J. Murchie","affiliations":[{"id":39376,"text":"Shedd Aquarium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"E. Ashley Steel","contributorId":238857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"E. Ashley Steel","affiliations":[{"id":47805,"text":"U. of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gretchen L. Stokes","contributorId":238859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gretchen L. Stokes","affiliations":[{"id":47806,"text":"U. of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70211696,"text":"70211696 - 2020 - Temperature‐related responses of an invasive mussel and 2 unionid mussels to elevated carbon dioxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-07T14:08:23.853806","indexId":"70211696","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-04T09:06:50","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature‐related responses of an invasive mussel and 2 unionid mussels to elevated carbon dioxide","docAbstract":"Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) have exacerbated the decline of native freshwater mussels (Order Unionida) in North America since their arrival in the 1980s. Options for controlling invasive mussels, particularly in unionid mussel habitats, are limited. Previously, carbon dioxide (CO2) showed selective toxicity for zebra mussels, relative to unionids, when applied in cool water (12 °C). We first determined 96 h lethal concentrations of CO2 at 5 and 20 °C to zebra mussels and responses of juvenile plain pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium). Next, we compared the time to lethality for zebra mussels at 5, 12, and 20 °C during exposure to partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) 110¬–120 atmospheres (atm; 1 atm = 101.325 kPa) and responses of juvenile plain pocketbook and fragile papershell (Leptodea fragilis). We found efficacious CO2 treatment regimens at each temperature that were minimally lethal to unionids. At 5 °C, plain pocketbook survived 96 h exposure to the highest PCO2 treatment (139 atm). At 20 °C, the 96 h LC10 (lethal concentration to 10% of animals) for plain pocketbook [173 atm PCO2, 95% confidence interval (CL) 147–198 atm] was higher than the LC99 for zebra mussels (118 atm PCO2, CL 109–127 atm). Lethal time to 99% mortality (LT99) of zebra mussels in 110 to 120 atm PCO2 ranged from 100 h at 20 °C to 300 h at 5 °C. Mean survival of juvenile unionids exceeded 85% in LT99 CO2 treatments at all temperatures. Short-term infusion of 100 to 200 atm PCO2 at a range of water temperatures could reduce biofouling by zebra mussels with limited adverse effects on unionid mussels.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.4743","usgsCitation":"Waller, D.L., Bartsch, M.R., Lord, E.G., and Erickson, R.A., 2020, Temperature‐related responses of an invasive mussel and 2 unionid mussels to elevated carbon dioxide: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 39, no. 8, p. 1546-1557, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4743.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1546","endPage":"1557","ipdsId":"IP-114982","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4743","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FMIHJM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Temperature-related responses of invasive (Dreissena polymorpha) and native mussels (Order: Unionida) to elevated carbon dioxide data"},{"id":377173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Diane L. 0000-0002-6104-810X dwaller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-810X","contributorId":5272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Diane","email":"dwaller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartsch, Michelle R. 0000-0002-9571-5564 mbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-5564","contributorId":149359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Michelle","email":"mbartsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lord, Eric G. 0000-0003-4790-3381","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4790-3381","contributorId":220708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lord","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":40249,"text":"former UMESC employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209875,"text":"70209875 - 2020 - Microplastics in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, USA: Occurrence and biological uptake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T13:22:08.452546","indexId":"70209875","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-04T08:15:40","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microplastics in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, USA: Occurrence and biological uptake","docAbstract":"Microplastics are an environmental contaminant of growing concern, but there is a lack of information about microplastic distribution, persistence, availability, and biological uptake in freshwater systems. This is especially true for large river systems like the Colorado River that spans multiple states through mostly rural and agricultural land use. This study characterized the quantity and morphology of microplastics in different environmental compartments in two large reservoirs along the Colorado River: Lakes Mead and Mohave, within Lake Mead National Recreation Area. To assess microplastic occurrence, surface water and surficial sediment were sampled at a total of nine locations. Sampling locations targeted different sub-basins with varying levels of anthropogenic impact. Las Vegas Wash, a tributary which delivers treated wastewater to Lake Mead, was also sampled. A sediment core (33 cm long, representing approximately 19 years) was extracted from Las Vegas Bay to assess changes in microplastic deposition over time. Striped bass (Morone saxatilis), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis), and Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) were sampled at a subset of locations to assess biological uptake of microplastics. \n\nMicroplastic concentrations were 0.44-9.7 particles/cubic meter at the water surface and 87.5-1,010 particles/kilogram dry weight (kg dw) at the sediment surface. Sediment core concentrations were 220-2,040 particles/kg dw, with no clear increasing or decreasing trend over time. Shellfish microplastic concentrations ranged from 2.7-105 particles/organism, and fish concentrations ranged from 0-19 particles/organism. Fibers were the most abundant particle type found in all sample types. Although sample numbers are small, microplastic concentrations appear to be higher in areas of greater anthropogenic impact. Results from this study improve our understanding of the occurrence and biological uptake of microplastics in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, and help fill existing knowledge gaps on microplastics in freshwater environments in the southwestern U.S.","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0228896","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, A.K., Spanjer, A.R., Rosen, M., and Thom, T., 2020, Microplastics in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, USA: Occurrence and biological uptake: PLoS ONE, v. 15, no. 5, e0228896, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228896.","productDescription":"e0228896, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112005","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228896","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":374454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mead","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.8565673828125,\n 35.980228800645676\n ],\n [\n -114.03259277343749,\n 35.980228800645676\n ],\n [\n -114.03259277343749,\n 36.595684037179055\n ],\n [\n -114.8565673828125,\n 36.595684037179055\n ],\n [\n -114.8565673828125,\n 35.980228800645676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, Austin K. 0000-0002-6027-3823 akbaldwi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3823","contributorId":4515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Austin","email":"akbaldwi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spanjer, Andrew R. 0000-0002-7288-2722 aspanjer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7288-2722","contributorId":150395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanjer","given":"Andrew","email":"aspanjer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":224435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thom, Theresa","contributorId":224436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thom","given":"Theresa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":788361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70227656,"text":"70227656 - 2020 - Recreation conflict, coping, and satisfaction: Minnesota grouse hunters’ conflicts and coping response related to all-terrain vehicle users, hikers, and other hunters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-25T13:27:14.731235","indexId":"70227656","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-04T07:23:30","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5520,"text":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recreation conflict, coping, and satisfaction: Minnesota grouse hunters’ conflicts and coping response related to all-terrain vehicle users, hikers, and other hunters","docAbstract":"Studying conflict and coping in recreation is important because some coping strategies may provoke distress, while others may lead to positive emotional changes. Building on applications of the transactional stress coping model to park visitors, anglers, and other recreation participants, we explored how Minnesota grouse hunters responded to interference by all-terrain vehicle (ATV)/off-highway vehicle (OHV) users, deer hunters, other grouse/bird hunters, general other hunters, hikers, and bear hunters. We examined relationships among interference, coping, and satisfaction for grouse hunters, and examined how hunter beliefs about ATV use related to perceptions of conflict with ATV users. Encounters with ATV users, deer hunters, other grouse hunters, and hikers lead to problem- and emotion-focused coping, including displacement, confrontive coping, and psychological distancing. Interpersonal conflict with ATVs was positively related to perceptions of interference from ATV users, while no/limited conflict was negatively related. Conflict and coping had a minimal effect on satisfaction.
Although reported levels of interference from other user groups was relatively low, grouse hunters reported moderate interference from ATV users and the use of confrontive coping in response to interactions with ATV riders. Confrontive coping has been associated with increased distress, and deserves attention. However, interference from ATV users was low to moderate and most grouse hunters in the study personally use ATVs for recreation, so there is limited need for management to address conflicts between grouse hunters and ATV riders. Nevertheless, zoning for ATV-free grouse hunting could be tested in areas with reported conflicts between hunters and ATV riders.
Accurately quantifying species’ area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home-range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home-range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross-validation to quantify bias in empirical home-range estimates. Area requirements of mammals <10 kg were underestimated by a mean approximately15%, and species weighing approximately100 kg were underestimated by approximately50% on average. Thus, we found area estimation was subject to autocorrelation-induced bias that was worse for large species. Combined with the fact that extinction risk increases as body mass increases, the allometric scaling of bias we observed suggests the most threatened species are also likely to be those with the least accurate home-range estimates. As a correction, we tested whether data thinning or autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation minimized the scaling effect of autocorrelation on area estimates. Data thinning required an approximately93% data loss to achieve statistical independence with 95% confidence and was, therefore, not a viable solution. In contrast, autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation resulted in consistently accurate estimates irrespective of mass. When relating body mass to home range size, we detected that correcting for autocorrelation resulted in a scaling exponent significantly >1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum.
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for future invasions","docAbstract":"Preventing the interbasin transfer of aquatic invasive species is a high priority for natural resource managers. Such transfers can be made by humans or can occur by dispersal through connected waterways. A natural surface water connection between the Atlantic and Pacific drainages in North America exists at Two Ocean Pass south of Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri used this route to cross the Continental Divide and colonize the Yellowstone River from ancestral sources in the Snake River following glacial recession 14,000 bp. Nonnative lake trout Salvelinus namaycush were stocked into lakes in the Snake River headwaters in 1890 and quickly dispersed downstream. Lake trout were discovered in Yellowstone Lake in 1994 and were assumed to have been illegally introduced. Recently, lake trout have demonstrated their ability to move widely through river systems and invade headwater lakes in Glacier National Park. Our objective was to determine if lake trout and other nonnative fish were present in the connected waters near Two Ocean Pass and could thereby colonize the Yellowstone River basin in the past or future. We used environmental DNA (eDNA), electrofishing, and angling to survey for lake trout and other fishes. Yellowstone cutthroat trout were detected at nearly all sites on both sides of the Continental Divide. Lake trout and invasive brook trout S. fontinalis were detected in Pacific Creek near its confluence with the Snake River. We conclude that invasive movements by lake trout from the Snake River over Two Ocean Pass may have resulted in their colonization of Yellowstone Lake. Moreover, Yellowstone Lake may be vulnerable to additional invasions because several other nonnative fish inhabit the upper Snake River. In the future, eDNA collected across smaller spatial intervals in Pacific Creek during flow conditions more conducive to lake trout movement may provide further insight into the extent of non-native fish invasions in this stream.
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