Chemometric analyses of geochemical data for 165 crude oil samples from the San Joaquin Basin identify genetically distinct oil families and their inferred source rocks and provide insight into migration pathways, reservoir compartments, and filling histories. In the first part of the study, 17 source-related biomarker and stable carbon-isotope ratios were evaluated using a chemometric decision tree (CDT) to identify families. In the second part, ascendant hierarchical clustering was applied to terpane mass chromatograms for the samples to compare with the CDT results. The results from the two methods are remarkably similar despite differing data input and assumptions. Recognized source rocks for the oil families include the (1) Eocene Kreyenhagen Formation, (2) Eocene Tumey Formation, (3–4) upper and lower parts of the Miocene Monterey Formation (Buttonwillow depocenter), and (5–6) upper and lower parts of the Miocene Monterey Formation (Tejon depocenter).
\nAscendant hierarchical clustering identifies 22 oil families in the basin as corroborated by independent data, such as carbon-isotope ratios, sample location, reservoir unit, and thermal maturity maps from a three-dimensional basin and petroleum system model. Five families originated from the Eocene Kreyenhagen Formation source rock, and three families came from the overlying Eocene Tumey Formation. Fourteen families migrated from the upper and lower parts of the Miocene Monterey Formation source rocks within the Buttonwillow and Tejon depocenters north and south of the Bakersfield arch. The Eocene and Miocene families show little cross-stratigraphic migration because of seals within and between the source rocks. The data do not exclude the possibility that some families described as originating from the Monterey Formation actually came from source rock in the Temblor Formation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"AAPG Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/05231212018","usgsCitation":"Peters, K., Coutrot, D., Nouvelle, X., Ramos, L.S., Rohrback, B.G., Magoon, L.B., and Zumberge, J.E., 2013, Chemometric differentiation of crude oil families in the San Joaquin Basin, California: AAPG Bulletin, v. 97, no. 1, p. 103-143, https://doi.org/10.1306/05231212018.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291323,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/05231212018"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f37de4b0bc0bec0a09d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Kenneth E.","contributorId":10897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Kenneth E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coutrot, Delphine","contributorId":54901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coutrot","given":"Delphine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nouvelle, Xavier","contributorId":52089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nouvelle","given":"Xavier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramos, L. Scott","contributorId":61351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramos","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rohrback, Brian G.","contributorId":8004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohrback","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":497089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zumberge, John E.","contributorId":11962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zumberge","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70103483,"text":"70103483 - 2013 - Effects of Canada goose herbivory on the tidal freshwater wetlands in Anacostia Park, 2009-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-06T11:35:24","indexId":"70103483","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T13:09:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NCR/NCRO/NRTR-2013/001","title":"Effects of Canada goose herbivory on the tidal freshwater wetlands in Anacostia Park, 2009-2011","docAbstract":"Herbivory has played a major role in dictating vegetation abundance and species composition at Kingman Marsh in Anacostia Park, Washington, D.C., since restoration of this tidal freshwater wetland was initiated in 2000. The diverse and robust vegetative cover that developed in the first year post-reconstruction experienced significant decimation in the second year, after the protective fencing was removed, and remained suppressed throughout the five-year study period. In June 2009 a herbivory study was initiated to document the impacts of herbivory by resident and nonmigratory Canada geese (Branta canadensis) to vegetation at Kingman Marsh. Sixteen modules consisting of paired fenced plots and unfenced control plots were constructed. Eight of the modules were installed in vegetated portions of the restoration site that had been protected over time by pre-existing fencing, while the remaining eight modules were placed in portions of the site that had not been protected over time and were basically unvegetated at the start of the experiment. Exclosure fencing was sufficiently elevated from the substrate level to allow access to other herbivores such as fish and turtles, while hopefully excluding mature Canada geese. The study was designed with an initial exclosure elevation of 20 cm. This elevation was chosen based on the literature, as adequate to exclude mature Canada geese, while maximizing access to other herbivores such as fish and turtles.
\nRepeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the differences between paired fenced and unfenced control plots for a number of variables including total vegetative cover. Differences in total vegetative cover were not statistically significant for the baseline data collected in June 2009. By contrast, two months after the old protective fencing was removed from the initially-vegetated areas to allow Canada geese access to the unfenced control plots, total vegetative cover had declined dramatically in the initially-vegetated unfenced control plots, and differences between paired fenced and unfenced control plots were statistically significant. These differences have remained steady and significant throughout the remainder of these first three years of the study.
\nTotal vegetative cover has followed a somewhat different path in the initially-unvegetated modules, where cover in the fenced plots did not significantly exceed cover in the unfenced control plots until the August 2010 sampling event. In spite of the slow start in the initially-unvegetated modules, differences between paired fenced plots and unfenced control plots have remained significant and even increased significantly over time. This indicates that total vegetative cover in the initially-unvegetated fenced plots and unfenced control plots is continuing to diverge over time as vegetation increases in the protected plots compared to the basically unvegetated unfenced control plots.
\nTotal vegetative cover has been composed almost entirely of native species during the first three years of the study, with cover by exotics averaging less than 1% during each sampling event.
\nSpecies richness did not differ significantly between fenced plots and unfenced control plots during 2009, the first year of the study. Since August 2010, species richness has remained significantly greater in the fenced plots than in the unfenced control plots. These differences have remained relatively steady over time for both the initially-vegetated and initially unvegetated modules.
\nDuring the study it became apparent that our elevated fence plots were more accessible to mature \ngeese than we had expected. Even after lowering the exclosure fencing to 15 cm in 2010 and 10 \ncm in 2011, we documented geese inside exclosures in both years. Nonetheless the data indicate \nthat even at 10 cm, we have limited the numbers of mature geese entering the fenced plots, rather \nthan totally preventing their access through low spots in the uneven substrate surface. At an \nexclosure elevation of 10 cm and with a soft, mucky substrate, we are assuming that non-goose \nherbivores such as fish and turtles still have free access to the fenced plots. Annual wildrice \n(Zizania aquatica), known from previous studies to be especially palatable to Canada geese, has \nseen the greatest impact from partial access to the fenced plots by mature geese, moving from an \noverwhelming dominant in the initially-vegetated plots to a minor presence there by August \n2011. Interestingly, pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata), also known to be highly palatable to \nCanada geese, has so far shown only minor herbivory in the fenced plots. By August 2011, \npickerelweed had actually increased to significantly greater cover levels in the fenced plots \ncompared to the unfenced control plots.
\nIn conclusion, the first three years of data document that vegetation exposed to full herbivory by resident and nonmigratory Canada geese for three years in the unfenced control plots showed significantly lower total vegetative cover and species richness compared to the vegetation in the fenced plots, which experienced reduced herbivory by resident and nonmigratory Canada geese. These effects were documented for modules located in both initially-vegetated and initially-unvegetated habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Krafft, C., Hatfield, J., and Hammerschlag, R.S., 2013, Effects of Canada goose herbivory on the tidal freshwater wetlands in Anacostia Park, 2009-2011, viii, 36 p.","productDescription":"viii, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"47","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055779","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287677,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/prodabs/pubpdfs/7996_Krafft.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","city":"Washington, D.C.","otherGeospatial":"Anacostia Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.0035716,38.8643463 ], [ -77.0035716,38.8710952 ], [ -76.9885262,38.8710952 ], [ -76.9885262,38.8643463 ], [ -77.0035716,38.8643463 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53870566e4b0aa26cd7b539a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krafft, Cairn C.","contributorId":60364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krafft","given":"Cairn C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeffrey S. jhatfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeffrey S.","email":"jhatfield@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammerschlag, Richard S.","contributorId":67206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammerschlag","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70125667,"text":"70125667 - 2013 - Optimal temperature for malaria transmission is dramaticallylower than previously predicted","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-18T13:10:33","indexId":"70125667","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T13:09:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimal temperature for malaria transmission is dramaticallylower than previously predicted","docAbstract":"The ecology of mosquito vectors and malaria parasites affect the incidence, seasonal transmission and geographical range of malaria. Most malaria models to date assume constant or linear responses of mosquito and parasite life-history traits to temperature, predicting optimal transmission at 31 °C. These models are at odds with field observations of transmission dating back nearly a century. We build a model with more realistic ecological assumptions about the thermal physiology of insects. Our model, which includes empirically derived nonlinear thermal responses, predicts optimal malaria transmission at 25 °C (6 °C lower than previous models). Moreover, the model predicts that transmission decreases dramatically at temperatures > 28 °C, altering predictions about how climate change will affect malaria. A large data set on malaria transmission risk in Africa validates both the 25 °C optimum and the decline above 28 °C. Using these more accurate nonlinear thermal-response models will aid in understanding the effects of current and future temperature regimes on disease transmission.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1111/ele.12015","usgsCitation":"Mordecai, E.A., Paaijmans, K.P., Johnson, L., Balzer, C., Ben-Horin, T., de Moor, E., McNally, A., Pawar, S., Ryan, S.J., Smith, T.C., and Lafferty, K.D., 2013, Optimal temperature for malaria transmission is dramaticallylower than previously predicted: Ecology Letters, v. 16, no. 1, p. 22-30, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12015.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-040879","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294056,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12015"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541bf445e4b0e96537ddf7c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mordecai, Eerin A.","contributorId":46882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mordecai","given":"Eerin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paaijmans, Krijin P.","contributorId":83850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paaijmans","given":"Krijin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Leah R.","contributorId":83382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Leah R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balzer, Christian","contributorId":41279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balzer","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ben-Horin, Tal","contributorId":58137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ben-Horin","given":"Tal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"de Moor, Emily","contributorId":48021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Moor","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNally, Amy","contributorId":53225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNally","given":"Amy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pawar, Samraat","contributorId":22622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawar","given":"Samraat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ryan, Sadie J.","contributorId":102738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Sadie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, Thomas C.","contributorId":101139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70046447,"text":"70046447 - 2013 - Geologic model for the assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbons in Lower to Upper Cretaceous carbonate rocks of the Fredericksburg and Washita groups, U.S. Gulf Coast Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T17:03:24.05217","indexId":"70046447","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T13:01:05","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic model for the assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbons in Lower to Upper Cretaceous carbonate rocks of the Fredericksburg and Washita groups, U.S. Gulf Coast Region","docAbstract":"As part of the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata of the U.S. Gulf Coast in 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey assessed carbonate rocks of the Fredericksburg and Washita groups and their equivalent units underlying onshore lands and State waters. One conventional assessment unit extending from south Texas to the Florida panhandle was defined: the Fredericksburg-Buda Carbonate Platform-Reef Gas and Oil assessment unit. Assessed strata range in age from Early Cretaceous Albian to Late Cretaceous Cenomanian. The assessment was based on a geologic model that incorporated the Upper Jurassic–Cretaceous–Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System of the Gulf of Mexico Basin. The following factors were evaluated to define the assessment unit and estimate undiscovered oil and gas resources: potential source rocks, hydrocarbon migration, reservoir porosity and permeability, traps and seals, structural features, depositional framework, and potential for water washing of hydrocarbons near outcrop areas. Analysis of the production history of discovered reservoirs and well data within the assessment unit was also essential for estimating the numbers and sizes of undiscovered oil and gas reservoirs within the assessment unit. The downdip boundary of the assessment unit was drawn as an arbitrary line 10 miles downdip of the Lower Cretaceous shelf margin, to include potential reef-talus reservoirs, a facies described in the geologic model developed for the assessment. Updip boundaries of the assessment unit were drawn based on the updip extent of assessment unit carbonate reservoir rocks, basin margin fault zones, and (or) the presence of producing wells within the assessed interval. Using the U.S. Geological Survey methodology, mean undiscovered resources of 40 million barrels of oil, 622 billion cubic feet of gas, and 14 million barrels of natural gas liquids were estimated for the assessment unit.
","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Swanson, S.M., Enomoto, C.B., Dennen, K., Valentine, B.J., and Lohr, C., 2013, Geologic model for the assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbons in Lower to Upper Cretaceous carbonate rocks of the Fredericksburg and Washita groups, U.S. Gulf Coast Region: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 63, p. 423-437.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"437","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-045922","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":384780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/063/063001/423_gcags630423.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"U.S. Gulf Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.9638671875,\n 25.46311452925943\n ],\n [\n -81.54052734375,\n 25.46311452925943\n ],\n [\n -81.54052734375,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -102.9638671875,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -102.9638671875,\n 25.46311452925943\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Sharon M. 0000-0002-4235-1736 smswanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-1736","contributorId":590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Sharon","email":"smswanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Enomoto, Catherine B. 0000-0002-4119-1953 cenomoto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-1953","contributorId":2126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Catherine","email":"cenomoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dennen, Kristin O.","contributorId":209828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennen","given":"Kristin O.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70074263,"text":"70074263 - 2013 - Historical methane hydrate project review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T14:43:20","indexId":"70074263","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T13:01:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Historical methane hydrate project review","docAbstract":"In 1995, U.S. Geological Survey made the first systematic assessment of the volume of natural gas stored in the hydrate accumulations of the United States. That study, along with numerous other studies, has shown that the amount of gas stored as methane hydrates in the world greatly exceeds the volume of known conventional gas resources. However, gas hydrates represent both a scientific and technical challenge and much remains to be learned about their characteristics and occurrence in nature. Methane hydrate research in recent years has mostly focused on: (1) documenting the geologic parameters that control the occurrence and stability of gas hydrates in nature, (2) assessing the volume of natural gas stored within various gas hydrate accumulations, (3) analyzing the production response and characteristics of methane hydrates, (4) identifying and predicting natural and induced environmental and climate impacts of natural gas hydrates, and (5) analyzing the effects of methane hydrate on drilling safety.
Methane hydrates are naturally occurring crystalline substances composed of water and gas, in which a solid water-‐lattice holds gas molecules in a cage-‐like structure. The gas and water becomes a solid under specific temperature and pressure conditions within the Earth, called the hydrate stability zone. Other factors that control the presence of methane hydrate in nature include the source of the gas included within the hydrates, the physical and chemical controls on the migration of gas with a sedimentary basin containing methane hydrates, the availability of the water also included in the hydrate structure, and the presence of a suitable host sediment or “reservoir”. The geologic controls on the occurrence of gas hydrates have become collectively known as the “methane hydrate petroleum system”, which has become the focus of numerous hydrate research programs.
Recognizing the importance of methane hydrate research and the need for a coordinated effort, the U.S. Congress enacted Public Law 106-‐193, the Methane Hydrate Research and Development Act of 2000. This Act called for the Secretary of Energy to begin a methane hydrate research and development program in consultation with other U.S. federal agencies. At the same time a new methane hydrate research program had been launched in Japan by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry to develop plans for a methane hydrate exploratory drilling project in the Nankai Trough. Since this early start we have seen other countries including India, China, Canada, and the Republic of Korea establish large gas hydrate research and development programs. These national led efforts have also included the investment in a long list of important scientific research drilling expeditions and production test studies that have provided a wealth of information on the occurrence of methane hydrate in nature. The most notable expeditions and projects have including the following:
-‐Ocean Drilling Program Leg 164 (1995)
-‐Japan Nankai Trough Project (1999-‐2000)
-‐Ocean Drilling Program Leg 204 (2004)
-‐Japan Tokai-‐oki to Kumano-‐nada Project (2004)
-‐Gulf of Mexico JIP Leg I (2005)
-‐Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 311 (2005)
-‐Malaysia Gumusut-‐Kakap Project (2006)
-‐India NGHP Expedition 01 (2006)
-‐China GMGS Expedition 01 (2007)
-‐Republic of Korea UBGH Expedition 01 (2007)
-‐Gulf of Mexico JIP Leg II (2009)
-‐Republic of Korea UBGH Expedition 02 (2010)
-‐MH-‐21 Nankai Trough Pre-‐Production Expedition (2012-‐2013)
-‐Mallik Gas Hydrate Testing Projects (1998/2002/2007-‐2008)
-‐Alaska Mount Elbert Stratigraphic Test Well (2007)
-‐Alaska Iġnik Sikumi Methane Hydrate Production Test Well (2011-‐2012)
Research coring and seismic programs carried out by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), starting with the ODP Leg 164 drilling of the Blake Ridge in the Atlantic Ocean in 1995, have also contributed greatly to our understanding of the geologic controls on the formation, occurrence, and stability of gas hydrates in marine environments. For the most part methane hydrate research expeditions carried out by the ODP and IODP provided the foundation for our scientific understanding of gas hydrates. The methane hydrate research efforts under ODP-‐IODP have mostly dealt with the assessment of the geologic controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate, with a specific goal to study the role methane hydrates may play in the global carbon cycle.
Over the last 10 years, national led methane hydrate research programs, along with industry interest have led to the development and execution of major methane hydrate production field test programs. Two of the most important production field testing programs have been conducted at the Mallik site in the Mackenzie River Delta of Canada and in the Eileen methane hydrate accumulation on the North Slope of Alaska. Most recently we have also seen the completion of the world’s first marine methane hydrate production test in the Nankai Trough in the offshore of Japan. Industry interest in gas hydrates has also included important projects that have dealt with the assessment of geologic hazards associated with the presence of hydrates.
The scientific drilling and associated coring, logging, and borehole monitoring technologies developed in the long list of methane hydrate related field studies are one of the most important developments and contributions associated with methane hydrate research and development activities. Methane hydrate drilling has been conducted from advanced scientific drilling platforms like the JOIDES Resolution and the D/V Chikyu, which feature highly advanced integrated core laboratories and borehole logging capabilities. Hydrate research drilling has also included the use of a wide array of industry, geotechnical and multi-‐service ships. All of which have been effectively used to collect invaluable geologic and engineering data on the occurrence of methane hydrates throughout the world. Technologies designed specifically for the collection and analysis of undisturbed methane hydrate samples have included the development of a host of pressure core systems and associated specialty laboratory apparatus. The study and use of both wireline conveyed and logging-‐while-‐drilling technologies have also contributed greatly to our understanding of the in-‐situ nature of hydrate-‐bearing sediments. Recent developments in borehole instrumentation specifically designed to monitor changes associated with hydrates in nature through time or to evaluate the response of hydrate accumulations to production have also contributed greatly to our understanding of the complex nature and evolution of methane hydrate systems.
Our understanding of how methane hydrates occur and behave in nature is still growing and evolving – we do not yet know if methane hydrates can be economically produced, nor do we know fully the role of hydrates as an agent of climate change or as a geologic hazard. But it is known for certain that scientific drilling has contributed greatly to our understanding of hydrates in nature and will continue to be a critical source of the information to advance our understanding of methane hydrates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Consortium for Ocean Leadership","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","collaboration":"Report prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy - National Energy Technology Laboratory, by the Consortium for Ocean Leadership","usgsCitation":"Collett, T., Bahk, J., Frye, M., Goldberg, D., Husebo, J., Koh, C., Malone, M., Shipp, C., and Torres, M., 2013, Historical methane hydrate project review, Part 1: 110 p.; Part 2: 32 p.; Part 3: 42 p.","productDescription":"Part 1: 110 p.; Part 2: 32 p.; Part 3: 42 p.","numberOfPages":"187","ipdsId":"IP-045213","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287819,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://oceanleadership.org/wp-content/uploads/COL_DOE_GH_Review-part3_Final.pdf"},{"id":281602,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://oceanleadership.org/scientific-programs/methane-hydrate-field-program/"},{"id":287817,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://oceanleadership.org/wp-content/uploads/COL_DOE_GH_Review-part1_Final.pdf"},{"id":287818,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://oceanleadership.org/wp-content/uploads/COL_DOE_GH_Review-part2_Final.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53885700e4b0318b93124ab4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":97008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bahk, Jang-Jun","contributorId":12781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahk","given":"Jang-Jun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frye, Matt","contributorId":60543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frye","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldberg, Dave","contributorId":57376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Dave","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Husebo, Jarle","contributorId":77851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Husebo","given":"Jarle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koh, Carolyn","contributorId":42883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Malone, Mitch","contributorId":34437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"Mitch","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shipp, Craig","contributorId":40522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shipp","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Torres, Marta","contributorId":86477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"Marta","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70118577,"text":"70118577 - 2013 - Public release of the ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900-2009)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T12:59:34","indexId":"70118577","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T12:58:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Public release of the ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900-2009)","docAbstract":"The International Seismological Centre–Global Earthquake Model (ISC–GEM) Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009) is the result of a special effort to substantially extend and improve currently existing global catalogs to serve the requirements of specific user groups who assess and model seismic hazard and risk. The data from the ISC–GEM Catalogue would be used worldwide yet will prove absolutely essential in those regions where a high seismicity level strongly correlates with a high population density.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0220130034","usgsCitation":"Storchak, D.A., Di Giacomo, D., Bondara, I., Engdahl, E.R., Harris, J., Lee, W.H., Villaseñor, A., and Bormann, P., 2013, Public release of the ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900-2009): Seismological Research Letters, v. 84, no. 5, p. 810-815, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220130034.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"810","endPage":"815","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291315,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220130034"}],"volume":"84","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f37ee4b0bc0bec0a09db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storchak, Dmitry A.","contributorId":97828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storchak","given":"Dmitry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Di Giacomo, Domenico","contributorId":50832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Di Giacomo","given":"Domenico","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bondara, Istvan","contributorId":58578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bondara","given":"Istvan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engdahl, E. Robert","contributorId":20666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engdahl","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harris, James","contributorId":102402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, William H.K.","contributorId":76836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Villaseñor, Antonio","contributorId":100969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villaseñor","given":"Antonio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bormann, Peter","contributorId":52079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bormann","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70057589,"text":"70057589 - 2013 - Adaptive harvest management for the Svalbard population of pink-footed geese: cooperator report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-28T13:04:46","indexId":"70057589","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T12:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Adaptive harvest management for the Svalbard population of pink-footed geese: cooperator report","docAbstract":"This document describes progress to date on the development of a harvest‐management strategy\nfor maintaining pink‐footed goose abundance near their target level by providing for sustainable\nharvests in Norway and Denmark. Many goose populations in western Europe have increased\ndramatically in recent decades. The Svalbard population of pink‐footed geese (Anser\nbrachyrhynchus) is a good example, increasing from about 10 thousand individuals in the early\n1960’s to roughly 80 thousand today. Although these geese are a highly valued resource, the\ngrowing numbers of geese are causing agricultural conflicts in wintering and staging areas. The\nAfrican‐Eurasian Waterbird Agreement (AEWA; http://www.unep‐aewa.org/) calls for means to\nmanage populations which cause conflicts with certain human economic activities.
\nWe compiled relevant demographic and weather data and specified an annual‐cycle model for pink-footed\ngeese that reconciles the different dates of monitoring activities and the timing of harvest-management\ndecisions. We then developed dynamic models for survival and reproductive\nprocesses and parameterized them using available data. By combining varying hypotheses about\nsurvival and reproduction, we developed a suite of nine models that represent a wide range of\npossibilities concerning the extent to which demographic rates are density dependent or\nindependent, and the extent to which spring temperatures are important. These nine models\nvaried significantly in their predictions of the harvest required to stabilize current population size,\nranging from a low of about 500 to a high of about 17 thousand. For comparison, the harvest in\nNorway and Denmark was about 11 thousand in 2011 and the population increased from 70 to 80\nthousand.
\nWe relied on the passive form of adaptive management in formulating a harvest strategy. In\npassive adaptive management, alternative population models and their associated weights of\nevidence are explicitly considered in the development of an optimal harvest strategy. Unlike active\nadaptive management, however, there is no explicit consideration of how harvest management\nactions could reduce uncertainty as to the most appropriate model of population dynamics. In\noptimizing a harvest strategy, we assumed equal probabilities for all nine models and assumed\nrelatively course control over harvest. We used a management objective that seeks to maximize\nsustainable harvest, but avoids harvest decisions that are expected to result in a subsequent\npopulation size different than the population goal of 60 thousand. Optimal harvest strategies were\ncalculated using stochastic dynamic programming, and Monte Carlo simulations were used to\ninvestigate expected strategy performance.
\nThe optimal passive adaptive‐management strategy is expected to maintain mean population size\nnear 60 thousand, regardless of the most appropriate model. However, mean harvest rates and\nharvests varied substantially depending on the most appropriate model of population dynamics.\nWith an average number of days above freezing in May in Svalbard, optimal harvest rates (i.e., the\nproportion of the population to be harvested in autumn) increase rapidly once there are more than\nabout 50 thousand birds in the population. Generally, optimal harvests were on the order of 10 –\n20 thousand for population sizes > 60 thousand, and 0 – 5 thousand for population sizes < 60\nthousand. For the observations of young of 15.4 thousand and adults of 54.6 thousand in autumn\n2010, and 10 days above freezing in May 2011 (a relatively warm spring compared to the average of about 7), the optimal harvest rate in autumn of 2011 would have been 0.16, or a harvest of about\n14 thousand. Based on the optimal strategy, hunting‐season closures would be required as the\nnumber of adults in the autumn population falls below about 52 thousand, regardless of the\nnumber of young in the population. As the number of adults and young decrease, the number of\nwarm days in May required to keep the hunting season open increases. We also investigated the\nability of the optimal strategy to stabilize the population at around 60 thousand birds, assuming\nvarying values of the maximum harvest rate that could be implemented. Harvest strategies that\ncontained a maximum harvest rate of 0.16 (equivalent to a harvest of about 17 thousand) were\neffective at stabilizing the population at 60 thousand within 4‐5 years, regardless of climate\nscenario. Harvest strategies with a maximum harvest rate of 0.12 (harvest ≈ 13 thousand) were\nalso able to stabilize the population near 60 thousand, although it took more time. Harvest\nstrategies with a maximum harvest rate of 0.08 (harvest ≈ 8 thousand) were unsuccessful at\nstabilizing the population at 60 thousand.
\nContinued monitoring of the pink‐footed goose population on an annual basis is critical to an\ninformed harvest management strategy. At a minimum, the ground census in November should be\ncontinued to determine population size and proportion of young. Continued estimates of harvest\nfrom Norway and Denmark are also necessary to help judge the credibility of the alternative\npopulation models. However, an adaptive management process that relies on periodic updating of\nmodel weights will depend on acquiring either estimates of the realized harvest rate of adults or the\nage composition of the harvest. We also recommend that a census conducted during spring\nmigration be operationalized, and that estimates of survival based on mark‐recapture data be\nupdated. Finally, the International Working Group has expressed a desire to adopt a three‐year\ncycle of decision making related to the regulation of pink‐footed goose harvests. The idea is that\nonce a target harvest level is adopted, it would remain in place for three years, after which time\npopulation status would be assessed and a potentially new management action chosen. We have\ndeveloped a preliminary framework to implement a three‐year cycle using stochastic dynamic\nprogramming, and we hope to have it fully operational later this year . We note, however, that\napplication of this 3‐year framework will still require annual resource monitoring and assessments\nto facilitate learning, and to allow managers the opportunity to respond to any unforeseen change\nin resource conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"AEWA","collaboration":"Progress summary prepared for the AEWA Svalbard Pink Footed Goose International Working Group","usgsCitation":"Johnson, F.A., Jensen, G., and Madsen, J., 2013, Adaptive harvest management for the Svalbard population of pink-footed geese: cooperator report, 48 p.","productDescription":"48 p.","numberOfPages":"48","ipdsId":"IP-045931","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287674,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pinkfootedgoose.aewa.info/sites/default/files/article_attachments/AHM%20Cooperator%20Report%201%20(1Feb2013)%20FINAL.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53870561e4b0aa26cd7b537e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Gitte H.","contributorId":74671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Gitte H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madsen, Jesper","contributorId":9950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"Jesper","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148176,"text":"70148176 - 2013 - Effects of hydrologic connectivity on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in different marsh types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T11:12:23","indexId":"70148176","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":860,"text":"Aquatic Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of hydrologic connectivity on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in different marsh types","docAbstract":"Hydrologic connectivity can be an important driver of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages. Its effects on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in coastal marshes, however, are relatively poorly studied. We evaluated the effects of lateral hydrologic connectivity (permanently connected ponds: PCPs; temporary connected ponds: TCPs), and other environmental variables on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages and functional feeding groups (FFGs) in freshwater, brackish, and saline marshes in Louisiana, USA. We hypothesized that (1) aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in PCPs would have higher assemblage metric values (density, biomass, Shannon-Wiener diversity) than TCPs and (2) the density and proportional abundance of certain FFGs (i.e. scrapers, shredders, and collectors) would be greater in freshwater marsh than brackish and saline marshes. The data in our study only partially supported our first hypothesis: while freshwater marsh PCPs had higher density and biomass than TCPs, assemblage metric values in saline TCPs were greater than saline PCPs. In freshwater TCPs, long duration of isolation limited access of macroinvertebrates from adjacent water bodies, which may have reduced assemblage metric values. However, the relatively short duration of isolation in saline TCPs provided more stable or similar habitat conditions, facilitating higher assemblage metric values. As predicted by our second hypothesis, freshwater PCPs and TCPs supported a greater density of scrapers, shredders, and collectors than brackish and saline ponds. Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages seem to be structured by individual taxa responses to salinity as well as pond habitat attributes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf","doi":"10.3354/ab00499","collaboration":"Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; US Fish and Wildlife Service; International Crane Foundation","usgsCitation":"Kang, S., and King, S.L., 2013, Effects of hydrologic connectivity on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in different marsh types: Aquatic Biology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 149-160, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00499.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043694","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00499","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659941e4b0d9246a9eb61d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kang, Sung-Ryong","contributorId":140927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kang","given":"Sung-Ryong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048304,"text":"70048304 - 2013 - Reactive transport modeling at uranium in situ recovery sites: uncertainties in uranium sorption on iron hydroxides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-08T12:37:25","indexId":"70048304","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T11:59:18","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Reactive transport modeling at uranium in situ recovery sites: uncertainties in uranium sorption on iron hydroxides","docAbstract":"Geochemical changes that can occur down gradient from uranium in situ recovery (ISR) sites are important for various stakeholders to understand when evaluating potential effects on surrounding groundwater quality. If down gradient solid-phase material consists of sandstone with iron hydroxide coatings (no pyrite or organic carbon), sorption of uranium on iron hydroxides can control uranium mobility. Using one-dimensional reactive transport models with PHREEQC, two different geochemical databases, and various geochemical parameters, the uncertainties in uranium sorption on iron hydroxides are evaluated, because these oxidized zones create a greater risk for future uranium transport than fully reduced zones where uranium generally precipitates.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annual International Mine Water Association Conference: Reliable Mine Water Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Mine Water Association","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., and Tutu, H., 2013, Reactive transport modeling at uranium in situ recovery sites: uncertainties in uranium sorption on iron hydroxides, in Annual International Mine Water Association Conference: Reliable Mine Water Technology, v. I, p. 377-382.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"382","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-046046","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285890,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.imwa.info/imwa-meetings/proceedings/278-proceedings-2013.html"}],"volume":"I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355952fe4b0120853e8c17e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brown, Adrian","contributorId":114141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509607,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Figueroa, Linda","contributorId":112780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figueroa","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509606,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolkersdorfer, Christian","contributorId":111680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolkersdorfer","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509605,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tutu, Hlanganani","contributorId":68218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tutu","given":"Hlanganani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048555,"text":"70048555 - 2013 - NW CSC annual report fiscal year 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-28T12:02:51","indexId":"70048555","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T11:51:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"NW CSC annual report fiscal year 2013","docAbstract":"The Northwest Climate Science Center (NW CSC) was established in 2010 as one of eight regional Climate Science Centers created by the Department of the Interior (DOI). The NW CSC encompasses Washing-ton, Oregon, Idaho, and western Montana and has overlapping boundaries with three Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs): the Great Northern, the Great Basin, and the North Pacific. With guidance from its Executive Stakeholder Advisory Committee (ESAC), the NW CSC and its partner LCCs are addressing the highest priority regional climate science needs of Northwest natural and cultural resource managers.
\nClimate Science Centers tap into the scientific expertise of both the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and academic institutions. The NW CSC is supported by an academic consortium with the capacity to generate climate science and tools in a coordinated fashion, serving stakeholders across the Northwest region. This consortium is primarily represented by Oregon State University (OSU), the University of Id-ho (UI), and the University of Washington (UW). The academic consortium and USGS provide capabilities in climate science, ecology, impacts and vulnerability assessment, modeling, adaptation planning, and advanced information technology, all necessary to address and respond to climate change in the Northwest. University members also recruit and train graduate students and early-career scientists.
\nThis Annual Report summarizes progress for the goals set out in the NW CSC Strategic Plan for 2012-2015 (http://www.doi.gov/csc/northwest/upload/Northwest-CSC-Strategic-Plan.cfm) and the NW CSC Work-plan for Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 (October 1, 2012 through September 30, 2013). The report follows the structure of the Strategic Plan, which describes the five core services (Executive, Science, Data, Communications, and Education and Training) provided by the NW CSC in support of the stated vision:
\nOur Vision: To become nationally recognized as a best-practice model for the provision of climate science and decision support tools to address conservation and management issues in the Pacific Northwest Region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70048555","usgsCitation":"Bisbal, G., 2013, NW CSC annual report fiscal year 2013, iii, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70048555.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"16","temporalStart":"2012-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-051927","costCenters":[{"id":484,"text":"Northwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287671,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.doi.gov/csc/northwest/upload/NWCSC-FY13-FINAL-Annual-Report-20DEC13.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5387056fe4b0aa26cd7b53dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bisbal, Gustavo A.","contributorId":22249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisbal","given":"Gustavo A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70103396,"text":"70103396 - 2013 - Influences of Availability on Parameter Estimates from Site Occupancy Models with Application to Submersed Aquatic Vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-05T11:31:31","indexId":"70103396","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T11:09:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2827,"text":"Natural Resource Modeling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of Availability on Parameter Estimates from Site Occupancy Models with Application to Submersed Aquatic Vegetation","docAbstract":"Site occupancy models are commonly used by ecologists to estimate the probabilities of species site occupancy and of species detection. This study addresses the influence on site occupancy and detection estimates of variation in species availability among surveys within sites. Such variation in availability may result from temporary emigration, nonavailability of the species for detection, and sampling sites spatially when species presence is not uniform within sites. We demonstrate, using Monte Carlo simulations and aquatic vegetation data, that variation in availability and heterogeneity in the probability of availability may yield biases in the expected values of the site occupancy and detection estimates that have traditionally been associated with low-detection probabilities and heterogeneity in those probabilities. These findings confirm that the effects of availability may be important for ecologists and managers, and that where such effects are expected, modification of sampling designs and/or analytical methods should be considered. Failure to limit the effects of availability may preclude reliable estimation of the probability of site occupancy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resource Modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/nrm.12012","usgsCitation":"Gray, B.R., Holland, M., Yi, F., and Starcevich, L.A., 2013, Influences of Availability on Parameter Estimates from Site Occupancy Models with Application to Submersed Aquatic Vegetation: Natural Resource Modeling, v. 26, no. 4, p. 526-545, https://doi.org/10.1111/nrm.12012.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"545","ipdsId":"IP-029877","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nrm.12012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286846,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nrm.12012"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5368b2f3e4b059f7e8288344","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holland, Mark D.","contributorId":84887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yi, Feng","contributorId":45224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yi","given":"Feng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Starcevich, Leigh Ann Harrod","contributorId":107202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starcevich","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann Harrod","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045371,"text":"70045371 - 2013 - Descriptions and characterizations of water-level data and groundwater flow for the Brewster Boulevard and Castle Hayne Aquifer Systems and the Tarawa Terrace Aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T14:09:30","indexId":"70045371","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:59:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Descriptions and characterizations of water-level data and groundwater flow for the Brewster Boulevard and Castle Hayne Aquifer Systems and the Tarawa Terrace Aquifer","docAbstract":"This supplement of Chapter A (Supplement 3) summarizes results of analyses of groundwater-level data and describes corresponding elements of groundwater flow such as vertical hydraulic gradients useful for groundwater-flow model calibration. Field data as well as theoretical concepts indicate that potentiometric surfaces within the study area are shown to resemble to a large degree a subdued replica of surface topography. Consequently, precipitation that infiltrates to the water table flows laterally from highland to lowland areas and eventually discharges to streams such as Northeast and Wallace Creeks and New River. Vertically downward hydraulic gradients occur in highland areas resulting in the transfer of groundwater from shallow relatively unconfined aquifers to underlying confined or semi-confined aquifers. Conversely, in the vicinity of large streams such as Wallace and Frenchs Creeks, diffuse upward leakage occurs from underlying confined or semi-confined aquifers. Point water-level data indicating water-table altitudes, water-table altitudes estimated using a regression equation, and estimates of stream levels determined from a digital elevation model (DEM) and topographic maps were used to estimate a predevelopment water-table surface in the study area. Approximate flow lines along hydraulic gradients are shown on a predevelopment potentiometric surface map and extend from highland areas where potentiometric levels are greatest toward streams such as Wallace Creek and Northeast Creek. The distribution of potentiometric levels and corresponding groundwater-flow directions conform closely to related descriptions of the conceptual model.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analyses and historical reconstruction of groundwater flow, contaminant fate and transport, and distribution of drinking water within the service areas of the Hadnot Point and Holcomb Boulevard Water Treatment Plants and Vicinities, U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry","publisherLocation":"Atlanta, GA","usgsCitation":"Faye, R.E., Jones, L.E., and Suárez-Soto, R., 2013, Descriptions and characterizations of water-level data and groundwater flow for the Brewster Boulevard and Castle Hayne Aquifer Systems and the Tarawa Terrace Aquifer, v, 102 p.","productDescription":"v, 102 p.","numberOfPages":"112","ipdsId":"IP-044303","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.642065,34.449951 ], [ -77.642065,34.824047 ], [ -77.065869,34.824047 ], [ -77.065869,34.449951 ], [ -77.642065,34.449951 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8e061e4b0cecbe8fa9864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faye, Robert E.","contributorId":92221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faye","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, L. Elliott 0000-0002-7394-2053 lejones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7394-2053","contributorId":44569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.","email":"lejones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Elliott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suárez-Soto, René J.","contributorId":11101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suárez-Soto","given":"René J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048592,"text":"70048592 - 2013 - Pacific island landbird monitoring annual report, National Park of American Samoa, Ta‘u and Tutuila units, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T08:55:33","indexId":"70048592","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:51:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":272,"text":"National Park Service Natural Resource Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/PACN/NRTR—2013/666","title":"Pacific island landbird monitoring annual report, National Park of American Samoa, Ta‘u and Tutuila units, 2011","docAbstract":"The National Park of American Samoa (NPSA) was surveyed for landbirds and habitat characteristics from June through August, 2011. This information provides the first data in the time-series of landbird monitoring for long-term trends in forest bird distribution, density, and abundance within the NPSA. The NPSA survey area was comprised of the terrestrial portions of the Ta‘u and Tutuila Units. Each Unit was surveyed using point-transect distance sampling to estimate bird abundance. Sampling was conducted using a split-panel design where legacy transects are visited during each sampling occasion and newly, randomly located transects are visited only during one sampling occasion. This design optimizes trend detection while allowing for measuring and correcting for estimator bias.
\nA total of 2,516 birds was detected from 13 species in both Units. All species were either endemic or indigenous to the islands of American Samoa. Numbers of detections ranged from 7 to 1,111. Nearly every species detected was broadly distributed in the predominantly native forests of NPSA. Sufficient detections were made of seven species, allowing for density estimation. Densities of species were higher in the Tutuila Unit; with the exception of the Wattled Honeyeater (Foulehaio carunculata), which was the most abundant species in both Units. The species occurred at nearly every station sampled and had densities much higher than the Samoan Starling (Aplonis atrifusca), Polynesian Starling (Aplonis tabuensis), and Collared Kingfisher (Halcyon chloris) which occurred in modest densities. The remaining species detected occurred at less than 20% of stations sampled and we were only able to determine the number of birds per station and percent occurrence. The White-rumped Swiftlet (Aerodramus spodiopygius) and Cardinal Honeyeater (Myzomela cardinalis) were detected in small numbers, but both species can be difficult to detect in closed canopy forests. The Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio) and Banded Rail (Gallirallus philippensis) were most often detected in areas close to villages and agroforestry plantations. The Blue-crowned Lorikeet (Vini australis) and Fiji Shrikebill (Clytorhynchus vitiensis) only occur in the Manu‘a Island Group. The former was detected in most survey areas and the latter was patchily distributed in the Ta‘u Unit. The Many-colored Fruit-dove (Ptilinopus perousii), a species of concern, was detected in very small numbers in both Units. The Spotless Crake (Porzana tabuensi), which is extirpated on Tutuila Island, has been incidentally detected in small numbers on Ta‘u Island. However, the species was neither seen nor heard during this survey and remains a species of concern.
\nNPSA canopy and understory composition was predominantly native, and trees formed a dense closed canopy at nearly 90% of the stations sampled. More than half of the tree heights in both units were taller than 5 m and the majority of slopes were steeper than 20 degrees. There were no clear dominant tree species in the mixed native forests. The most common tree species documented included Syzygium spp., Dysoxylum spp., Ficus spp., Hibiscus tiliaceus and Rhus taitensis (among others). There were significant differences in the distribution of bird densities between legacy and random transects. Determining differences in detection probabilities cannot be definitively assessed from a single survey. We recommend both panels be sampled in the future until bias in density and abundance can be evaluated, or if sampling may be reduced.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Judge, S.W., Camp, R., Vaivai, V., and Hart, P., 2013, Pacific island landbird monitoring annual report, National Park of American Samoa, Ta‘u and Tutuila units, 2011: National Park Service Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/PACN/NRTR—2013/666, xv, 85 p.","productDescription":"xv, 85 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037067","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":279169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279168,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/App/Reference/Profile/2192630"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"American Samoa;National Park Of American Samoa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -170.8903,-14.42 ], [ -170.8903,-14.1396 ], [ -169.3821,-14.1396 ], [ -169.3821,-14.42 ], [ -170.8903,-14.42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528c96b5e4b0c629af44ddd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Judge, Seth W.","contributorId":8718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Judge","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vaivai, Visa","contributorId":96992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaivai","given":"Visa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, Patrick J.","contributorId":79750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70140352,"text":"70140352 - 2013 - Expression of terrain and surface geology in high-resolution helicopter-borne gravity gradient (AGG) data: examples from Great Sand Dunes National Park, Rio Grande Rift, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T09:33:20","indexId":"70140352","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3568,"text":"The Leading Edge","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Expression of terrain and surface geology in high-resolution helicopter-borne gravity gradient (AGG) data: examples from Great Sand Dunes National Park, Rio Grande Rift, Colorado","docAbstract":"Airborne gravity gradient (AGG) data are rapidly becoming standard components of geophysical mapping programs, due to their advantages in cost, access, and resolution advantages over measurements of the gravity field on the ground. Unlike conventional techniques that measure the gravity field, AGG methods measure derivatives of the gravity field. This means that effects of terrain and near-surface geology are amplified in AGG data, and that proper terrain corrections are critically important for AGG data processing. However, terrain corrections require reasonable estimates of density for the rocks and sediments that make up the terrain. A recommended philosophical approach is to use the terrain and surface geology, with their strong expression in AGG data, to the interpreter’s advantage. An example of such an approach is presented here for an area with very difficult ground access and little ground gravity data. Nettleton-style profiling is used with AGG data to estimate the densities of the sand dunefield and adjacent Precambrian rocks from the area of Great Sand Dunes National Park in southern Colorado. Processing of the AGG data using the density estimate for the dunefield allows buried structures, including a hypothesized buried basement bench, to be mapped beneath the sand dunes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1190/tle32080924.1","usgsCitation":"Drenth, B.J., 2013, Expression of terrain and surface geology in high-resolution helicopter-borne gravity gradient (AGG) data: examples from Great Sand Dunes National Park, Rio Grande Rift, Colorado: The Leading Edge, v. 32, no. 8, p. 924-930, https://doi.org/10.1190/tle32080924.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"924","endPage":"930","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044714","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://tle.geoscienceworld.org/content/32/8/924.abstract"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Great Sand Dunes National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 36.99377838872517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b9be4b08de9379b3425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drenth, Benjamin J. 0000-0002-3954-8124 bdrenth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-8124","contributorId":1315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenth","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdrenth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112474,"text":"70112474 - 2013 - Harmonizing multiple methods for reconstructing historical potential and reference evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T08:47:26","indexId":"70112474","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Harmonizing multiple methods for reconstructing historical potential and reference evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"Potential evapotranspiration (PET) and reference evapotranspiration (RET) data are usually critical components of hydrologic analysis. Many different equations are available to estimate PET and RET. Most of these equations, such as the Priestley-Taylor and Penman- Monteith methods, rely on detailed meteorological data collected at ground-based weather stations. Few weather stations collect enough data to estimate PET or RET using one of the more complex evapotranspiration equations. Currently, satellite data integrated with ground meteorological data are used with one of these evapotranspiration equations to accurately estimate PET and RET. However, earlier than the last few decades, historical reconstructions of PET and RET needed for many hydrologic analyses are limited by the paucity of satellite data and of some types of ground data. Air temperature stands out as the most generally available meteorological ground data type over the last century. Temperature-based approaches used with readily available historical temperature data offer the potential for long period-of-record PET and RET historical reconstructions. A challenge is the inconsistency between the more accurate, but more data intensive, methods appropriate for more recent periods and the less accurate, but less data intensive, methods appropriate to the more distant past. In this study, multiple methods are harmonized in a seamless reconstruction of historical PET and RET by quantifying and eliminating the biases of the simple Hargreaves-Samani method relative to the more complex and accurate Priestley-Taylor and Penman-Monteith methods. This harmonization process is used to generate long-term, internally consistent, spatiotemporal databases of PET and RET.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000935","usgsCitation":"Belaineh, G., Sumner, D., Carter, E., and Clapp, D., 2013, Harmonizing multiple methods for reconstructing historical potential and reference evapotranspiration: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 19, no. 8, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000935.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-039256","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288619,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000935"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.0,27.0 ], [ -84.0,31.0 ], [ -80.0,31.0 ], [ -80.0,27.0 ], [ -84.0,27.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7736e4b0abf75cf2c0a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belaineh, Getachew","contributorId":37262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belaineh","given":"Getachew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sumner, David","contributorId":63731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Edward","contributorId":49714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clapp, David","contributorId":10338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039019,"text":"70039019 - 2013 - Using habitat suitability models to target invasive plant species surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-15T10:37:19","indexId":"70039019","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:30:01","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using habitat suitability models to target invasive plant species surveys","docAbstract":"Managers need new tools for detecting the movement and spread of nonnative, invasive species. Habitat suitability models are a popular tool for mapping the potential distribution of current invaders, but the ability of these models to prioritize monitoring efforts has not been tested in the field. We tested the utility of an iterative sampling design (i.e., models based on field observations used to guide subsequent field data collection to improve the model), hypothesizing that model performance would increase when new data were gathered from targeted sampling using criteria based on the initial model results. We also tested the ability of habitat suitability models to predict the spread of invasive species, hypothesizing that models would accurately predict occurrences in the field, and that the use of targeted sampling would detect more species with less sampling effort than a nontargeted approach. We tested these hypotheses on two species at the state scale (Centaurea stoebe and Pastinaca sativa) in Wisconsin (USA), and one genus at the regional scale (Tamarix) in the western United States. These initial data were merged with environmental data at 30-m2 resolution for Wisconsin and 1-km2 resolution for the western United States to produce our first iteration models. We stratified these initial models to target field sampling and compared our models and success at detecting our species of interest to other surveys being conducted during the same field season (i.e., nontargeted sampling). Although more data did not always improve our models based on correct classification rate (CCR), sensitivity, specificity, kappa, or area under the curve (AUC), our models generated from targeted sampling data always performed better than models generated from nontargeted data. For Wisconsin species, the model described actual locations in the field fairly well (kappa = 0.51, 0.19, P < 0.01), and targeted sampling did detect more species than nontargeted sampling with less sampling effort (χ2) = 47.42, P < 0.01). From these findings, we conclude that habitat suitability models can be highly useful tools for guiding invasive species monitoring, and we support the use of an iterative sampling design for guiding such efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Tempe, AZ","doi":"10.1890/12-0465.1","usgsCitation":"Crall, A.W., Jarnevich, C.S., Panke, B., Young, N., Renz, M., and Morisette, J., 2013, Using habitat suitability models to target invasive plant species surveys: Ecological Applications, v. 23, no. 1, p. 60-72, https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0465.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-039050","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281073,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-0465.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.88,25.85 ], [ -124.88,49.04 ], [ -86.76,49.04 ], [ -86.76,25.85 ], [ -124.88,25.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7acae4b0b2908510db58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crall, Alycia W.","contributorId":60123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crall","given":"Alycia","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panke, Brendon","contributorId":22244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panke","given":"Brendon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, Nick","contributorId":28489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Renz, Mark","contributorId":89440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renz","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey","contributorId":100739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70143942,"text":"70143942 - 2013 - Home range and use of habitat of western yellow-billed cuckoos on the middle Rio Grande, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T12:39:06","indexId":"70143942","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Home range and use of habitat of western yellow-billed cuckoos on the middle Rio Grande, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis) is a Distinct Population Segment that has been proposed for listing under the Endangered Species Act, yet very little is known about its spatial use on the breeding grounds. We implemented a study, using radio telemetry, of home range and use of habitat for breeding cuckoos along the Middle Rio Grande in central New Mexico in 2007 and 2008. Nine of 13 cuckoos were tracked for sufficient time to generate estimates of home range. Overall size of home ranges for the 2 years was 91 ha for a minimum-convex-polygon estimate and 62 ha for a 95%-kernel-home-range estimate. Home ranges varied considerably among individuals, highlighting variability in spatial use by cuckoos. Additionally, use of habitat differed between core areas and overall home ranges, but the differences were nonsignificant. Home ranges calculated for western yellow-billed cuckoos on the Middle Rio Grande are larger than those in other southwestern riparian areas. Based on calculated home ranges and availability of riparian habitat in the study area, we estimate that the study area is capable of supporting 82-99 nonoverlapping home ranges of cuckoos. Spatial data from this study should contribute to the understanding of the requirements of area and habitat of this species for management of resources and help facilitate recovery if a listing occurs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","publisherLocation":"Dallas, TX","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-58.4.411","usgsCitation":"Sechrist, J., Ahlers, D., Potak Zehfuss, K., Doster, R., Paxton, E., and Ryan, V.M., 2013, Home range and use of habitat of western yellow-billed cuckoos on the middle Rio Grande, New Mexico: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 58, no. 4, p. 411-419, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-58.4.411.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"419","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029723","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n 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Robert","contributorId":139824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doster","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":13287,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Svc, Pacific SW Region, Willows, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryan, Vicky M.","contributorId":65742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Vicky","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70125648,"text":"70125648 - 2013 - Comparing mechanisms of host manipulation across host and parasite taxa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T15:14:15","indexId":"70125648","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:22:27","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing mechanisms of host manipulation across host and parasite taxa","docAbstract":"Parasites affect host behavior in several ways. They can alter activity, microhabitats or both. For trophically transmitted parasites (the focus of our study), decreased activity might impair the ability of hosts to respond to final-host predators, and increased activity and altered microhabitat choice might increase contact rates between hosts and final-host predators. In an analysis of trophically transmitted parasites, more parasite groups altered activity than altered microhabitat choice. Parasites that infected vertebrates were more likely to impair the host’s reaction to predators, whereas parasites that infected invertebrates were more likely to increase the host’s contact with predators. The site of infection might affect how parasites manipulate their hosts. For instance, parasites in the central nervous system seem particularly suited to manipulating host behavior. Manipulative parasites commonly occupy the body cavity, muscles and central nervous systems of their hosts. Acanthocephalans in the data set differed from other taxa in that they occurred exclusively in the body cavity of invertebrates. In addition, they were more likely to alter microhabitat choice than activity. Parasites in the body cavity (across parasite types) were more likely to be associated with increased host contact with predators. Parasites can manipulate the host through energetic drain, but most parasites use more sophisticated means. For instance, parasites target four physiological systems that shape behavior in both invertebrates and vertebrates: neural, endocrine, neuromodulatory and immunomodulatory. The interconnections between these systems make it difficult to isolate specific mechanisms of host behavioral manipulation.","language":"English","publisher":"The Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.073668","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., and Shaw, J., 2013, Comparing mechanisms of host manipulation across host and parasite taxa: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 216, p. 56-66, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.073668.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-038578","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.073668","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294034,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.073668"}],"volume":"216","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541bf421e4b0e96537ddf66f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, Jenny C.","contributorId":7196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"Jenny C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048595,"text":"70048595 - 2013 - Pacific Island landbird monitoring annual report, Haleakalā National Park, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T14:14:19","indexId":"70048595","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":272,"text":"National Park Service Natural Resource Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/PACN/NRTR—2013/740","title":"Pacific Island landbird monitoring annual report, Haleakalā National Park, 2012","docAbstract":"Haleakalā National Park (HALE) was surveyed for landbirds and habitat characteristics from March 20 through July 26, 2012. This information provides data in the time-series of landbird monitoring for long-term trends in forest bird distribution, density, and abundance. The Kīpahulu District of eastern Haleakalā Volcano was surveyed using point-transect distance sampling to estimate bird abundance. We surveyed 160 stations and detected a total of 2,830 birds from 12 species. Half of the species were native and half were non-native. Numbers of detections per species ranged from 1 to 849. There were sufficient detections of seven species to allow density estimation. Āpapane (Himatione sanguinea) was the most widely distributed and abundant native species detected in the survey. ‘Alauahio (Paroreomyza montana newtoni), Maui ‘Amakihi (Hemignathus virens wilsoni), and I‘iwi (Vestiaria coccinea) were widespread and occurred in relatively modest densities. Only eight Kiwikiu (Pseudonestor xanthophrys) and 20 ‘Ākohekohe (Palmeria dolei) were detected and were restricted to high elevation wet forest. We estimated an abundance of 495 ± 261individuals of Kiwikiu in a 2,036 ha inference area which likely includes the entire suitable habitat for this species in HALE. For ‘Ākohekohe, we estimated an abundance of 1,150 ± 389 individuals in the 1,458 ha inference area. There was a strong representation of non-native landbirds in the survey area. The Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japonicus), Japanese Bush-warbler (Cettia diphone), and Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) accounted for nearly half of all landbird detections. Each species was common in predominantly native forests.
\nVegetation and topographic characteristics were recorded on 160 landbird monitoring stations. HALE canopy and understory composition was predominantly native, especially at elevations above 1,100 m. Much of the forest canopy was comprised of `ohi`a (Metrosideros polymorpha) interspersed with mature olapa (Cheirodendron platyphyllum). This canopy class occurred at 92.5% of the stations surveyed. More than three-quarters (77.5%) of the monitoring stations had a dense canopy with most crowns interlocking (> 60% cover). More than half (52%) of the stations surveyed had trees taller than 10 m, while almost a third (31%) had trees 5-10 m. Only 17% of the stations had a canopy shorter than 5 m. The native shrubs Vaccinium calycinum, Broussaisia arguta, and Leptecophylla tameiameae were the most common understory plants recorded, occurring at more than 30% of the stations sampled. Native mosses and ferns were also common at stations, occurring at more than 90% of the stations sampled. The invasive Psidium cattleainum, Clidemia hirta, and Hedychium gardnerianum occurred at approximately 14% of the stations sampled, predominantly at elevations below 1,100 m.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Judge, S.W., Camp, R., and Hart, P., 2013, Pacific Island landbird monitoring annual report, Haleakalā National Park, 2012: National Park Service Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/PACN/NRTR—2013/740, ix, 82 p.","productDescription":"ix, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"96","ipdsId":"IP-044651","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279174,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/App/Reference/Profile/2195246"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Haleakala National Park;Maui","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.275743,20.586349 ], [ -156.275743,20.795098 ], [ -156.020951,20.795098 ], [ -156.020951,20.586349 ], [ -156.275743,20.586349 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528c96b5e4b0c629af44ddd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Judge, Seth W.","contributorId":8718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Judge","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Patrick J.","contributorId":79750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70113284,"text":"70113284 - 2013 - SPARROW models used to understand nutrient sources in the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:25:58","indexId":"70113284","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SPARROW models used to understand nutrient sources in the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin","docAbstract":"Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) has been linked to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. To describe where and from what sources those loads originate, SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models were constructed for the MARB using geospatial datasets for 2002, including inputs from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and calibration sites throughout the MARB. Previous studies found that highest N and P yields were from the north-central part of the MARB (Corn Belt). Based on the MARB SPARROW models, highest N yields were still from the Corn Belt but centered over Iowa and Indiana, and highest P yields were widely distributed throughout the center of the MARB. Similar to that found in other studies, agricultural inputs were found to be the largest N and P sources throughout most of the MARB: farm fertilizers were the largest N source, whereas farm fertilizers, manure, and urban inputs were dominant P sources. The MARB models enable individual N and P sources to be defined at scales ranging from SPARROW catchments (∼50 km2) to the entire area of the MARB. Inputs of P from WWTPs and urban areas were more important than found in most other studies. Information from this study will help to reduce nutrient loading from the MARB by providing managers with a description of where each of the sources of N and P are most important, thus providing a basis for prioritizing management actions and ultimately reducing the extent of Gulf hypoxia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","doi":"10.2134/jeq2013.02.0066","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., and Saad, D.A., 2013, SPARROW models used to understand nutrient sources in the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 42, no. 5, p. 1422-1440, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2013.02.0066.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1422","endPage":"1440","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-043684","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2013.02.0066","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288911,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2013.02.0066"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi/atchafalaya River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.05,29.63 ], [ -116.05,49.0 ], [ -76.27,49.0 ], [ -76.27,29.63 ], [ -116.05,29.63 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"42","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7818e4b0abf75cf2c9cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70114667,"text":"70114667 - 2013 - The influence of precipitation, vegetation and soil properties on the ecohydrology of sagebrush steppe rangelands on the INL site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-03T09:55:45","indexId":"70114667","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T09:52:42","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"The influence of precipitation, vegetation and soil properties on the ecohydrology of sagebrush steppe rangelands on the INL site","docAbstract":"The INL Site and other landscapes having sagebrush steppe vegetation are experiencing a simultaneous change in climate and floristics that result from increases in exotic species. Determining the separate and combined/interactive effects of climate and vegetation change is important for assessing future changes on the landscape and for hydrologic processes.
\nThis research uses the 72 experimental plots established and initially maintained for many years as the “Protective Cap Biobarrier Experiment” by Dr. Jay Anderson and the Stoller ESER program, and the experiment is also now referred to as the “INL Site Ecohydrology Study.” We are evaluating long-term impacts of different plant communities commonly found throughout Idaho subject to different precipitation regimes and to different soil depths. Treatments of amount and timing of precipitation (irrigation), soil depth, and either native/perennial or exotic grass vegetation allow researchers to investigate how vegetation, precipitation and soil interact to influence soil hydrology and ecosystem biogeochemistry. This information will be used to improve a variety of models, as well as provide data for these models.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Laboratory Site Enviromental Surveillance, Education, and Research Program","publisherLocation":"Broomfield, CO","usgsCitation":"Germino, M., 2013, The influence of precipitation, vegetation and soil properties on the ecohydrology of sagebrush steppe rangelands on the INL site, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","ipdsId":"IP-053875","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289094,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.gsseser.com/LandManagement/ecohydrology2012.html"},{"id":289416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b67b84e4b014fc094d5477","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germino, Matthew J.","contributorId":50029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}