Seepage investigations were conducted annually by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1988 to 1998 and from 2004 to 2013 along a 64-mile reach of the Rio Grande from below Leasburg Dam, Leasburg, New Mexico, to above American Dam, El Paso, Texas, as part of the Mesilla Basin monitoring program. Results of studies conducted from 2006 to 2013 are presented in this report. Seepage investigations were conducted over a period of 1–2 days in February of each year, during low-flow conditions in the non-irrigation season. During the seepage investigations, discharge was measured at as many as 24 sites along the Rio Grande and as many as 20 inflow sites within the study reach.
\nNet seepage gain or loss was computed for each subreach by subtracting the discharge measured at the upstream location from the discharge measured at the closest downstream location along the river and then subtracting any inflow to the river within the subreach. An estimated gain or loss was determined to be significant when it exceeded the cumulative measurement uncertainty associated with the net seepage computation. Study reaches during 2006 to 2013 ranged from 20.2 to 64 miles in length, and seepage losses ranged from 8.2 ± 3.1 to 47.9 ± 8.2 cubic feet per second.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131233","usgsCitation":"Crilley, D., Matherne, A., Thomas, N., and Falk, S., 2013, Seepage investigations of the Rio Grande from below Leasburg Dam, Leasburg, New Mexico, to above American Dam, El Paso, Texas, 2006-13: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1233, Report: viii, 34 p.; Tables 1-10 and Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131233.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 34 p.; Tables 1-10 and Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278422,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1233/downloads/of2013-1233_Tables1-10_App1.xlsx"},{"id":278420,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1233/"},{"id":278423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131233.gif"},{"id":278421,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1233/pdf/of2013-1233.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico;Texas","city":"El Paso;Leasburg","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.9986,31.7492 ], [ -106.9986,32.6 ], [ -106.463,32.6 ], [ -106.463,31.7492 ], [ -106.9986,31.7492 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b8531e4b058918d0a99c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crilley, D.M. 0000-0003-0432-5948","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-5948","contributorId":19874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crilley","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matherne, A.M.","contributorId":69467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matherne","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Nicole nithomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":5649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nicole","email":"nithomas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falk, S.E.","contributorId":81404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falk","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048599,"text":"ofr20131162 - 2013 - Qualilty, isotopes, and radiochemistry of water sampled from the Upper Moenkopi Village water-supply wells, Coconino County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T13:48:08.819677","indexId":"ofr20131162","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-25T08:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1162","title":"Qualilty, isotopes, and radiochemistry of water sampled from the Upper Moenkopi Village water-supply wells, Coconino County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Hopi Tribe Water Resources Program has granted contracts for studies to evaluate water supply conditions for the Moenkopi villages in Coconino County, Arizona. The Moenkopi villages include Upper Moenkopi Village and the village of Lower Moencopi, both on the Hopi Indian Reservation south of the Navajo community of Tuba City. These investigations have determined that water supplies are limited and vulnerable to several potential sources of contamination, including the Tuba City Landfill and a former uranium processing facility known as the Rare Metals Mill. Studies are ongoing to determine if uranium and other metals in groundwater beneath the landfill are greater than regional groundwater concentrations.\n\nThe source of water supply for the Upper Moenkopi Village is three public-supply wells. The wells are referred to as MSW-1, MSW-2, and MSW-3 and all three wells obtain water from the regionally extensive N aquifer. The N aquifer is the principal aquifer in this region of northern Arizona and consists of thick beds of sandstone between less permeable layers of siltstone and mudstone. The relatively fine-grained character of the N aquifer inhibits rapid movement of water and large yields to wells. In recent years, water levels have declined in the three public-supply wells, causing concern that the current water supply will not be able to accommodate peak demand and allow for residential and economic growth.\n\nAnalyses of major ions, nutrients, selected trace metals, stable and radioactive isotopes, and radiochemistry were performed on the groundwater samples from the three public-supply wells to describe general water-quality conditions and groundwater ages in and immediately surrounding the Upper Moenkopi Village area. None of the water samples collected from the public-supply wells exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking water standards.\n\nThe ratios of the major dissolved ions from the samples collected from MSW-1 and MSW-2 indicate water with a major ion composition of calcium and sulfate. There is no significant vertical distribution of ion concentrations in the samples collected from the upper and lower portion of the water column within the two wells. The samples collected at MSW-3 are higher in sodium and lower in calcium than the samples collected from MSW-1 and MSW-2, and contain a similar sulfate-ion percentage. There is a vertical distribution of ion concentrations in the samples collected from the upper and lower portion of the water column in MSW-3.\n\nGroundwater samples from the three water-supply wells analyzed for oxygen-18 and deuterium stable isotopes plot on a local water line that is approximately parallel to the global meteoric water line. Tritium concentrations in samples from MSW-1 and MSW-3 were equal to or less than laboratory detection limits and were interpreted to contain no modern (post-1952) water. Tritium concentration in a sample from the top of the water column at MSW-2 was 0.41 tritium units, indicating that the composition is primarily pre-bomb (pre-1952) water, but may contain a small fraction of post-bomb modern water.\n\nThe calculated carbon-14 ages of groundwater in MSW-1 and MSW-2, both completed about 140 feet into the Navajo Sandstone, are about 3,000 years before present. The calculated carbon-14 age of groundwater in MSW-3, completed about 240 feet into the Kayenta Formation-Navajo Sandstone transition zone is about 5,000 years before present in the upper portion of the water column and about 8,500 years before present in the lower portion of the water column. The gross alpha radioactivity of samples collected from the three water-supply wells ranged from 5.1 to 9.8 picocuries per liter-less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking water standard of 15 picocuries per liter. The gross beta radioactivity of samples collected from the wells ranged from 0.9 to 2.8 picocuries per liter and are not considered elevated relative to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking water standard.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131162","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hopi Tribe","usgsCitation":"Carruth, R., Beisner, K., and Smith, G., 2013, Qualilty, isotopes, and radiochemistry of water sampled from the Upper Moenkopi Village water-supply wells, Coconino County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1162, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131162.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278397,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131162.jpg"},{"id":278396,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1162/"},{"id":278395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1162/pdf/ofr2013-1162.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County","otherGeospatial":"Moenkopi Village","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 35.0833\n ],\n [\n -109.5,\n 35.0833\n ],\n [\n -109.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b8531e4b058918d0a99bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carruth, Rob 0000-0001-7008-2927 rlcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-2927","contributorId":1162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carruth","given":"Rob","email":"rlcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beisner, Kimberly","contributorId":85284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beisner","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Greg 0000-0001-8170-9924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":15210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048591,"text":"ofr20131259 - 2013 - Postwildfire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2013 West Fork Fire Complex, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:01:35","indexId":"ofr20131259","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-25T08:03:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1259","title":"Postwildfire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2013 West Fork Fire Complex, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"This report presents a preliminary emergency assessment of the debris-flow hazards from drainage basins burned by the 2013 West Fork Fire Complex near South Fork in southwestern Colorado. Empirical models derived from statistical evaluation of data collected from recently burned basins throughout the intermountain western United States were used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence, potential volume of debris flows, and the combined debris-flow hazard ranking along the drainage network within and just downstream from the burned area, and to estimate the same for 54 drainage basins of interest within the perimeter of the burned area. Input data for the debris-flow models included topographic variables, soil characteristics, burn severity, and rainfall totals and intensities for a (1) 2-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 2-year storm; (2) 10-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 10-year storm; and (3) 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, referred to as a 25-year storm.\n \nEstimated debris-flow probabilities at the pour points of the 54 drainage basins of interest ranged from less than 1 to 65 percent in response to the 2-year storm; from 1 to 77 percent in response to the 10-year storm; and from 1 to 83 percent in response to the 25-year storm. Twelve of the 54 drainage basins of interest have a 30-percent probability or greater of producing a debris flow in response to the 25-year storm. Estimated debris-flow volumes for all rainfalls modeled range from a low of 2,400 cubic meters to a high of greater than 100,000 cubic meters. Estimated debris-flow volumes increase with basin size and distance along the drainage network, but some smaller drainages also were predicted to produce substantial debris flows. One of the 54 drainage basins of interest had the highest combined hazard ranking, while 9 other basins had the second highest combined hazard ranking. Of these 10 basins with the 2 highest combined hazard rankings, 7 basins had predicted debris-flow volumes exceeding 100,000 cubic meters, while 3 had predicted probabilities of debris flows exceeding 60 percent. The 10 basins with high combined hazard ranking include 3 tributaries in the headwaters of Trout Creek, four tributaries to the West Fork San Juan River, Hope Creek draining toward a county road on the eastern edge of the burn, Lake Fork draining to U.S. Highway 160, and Leopard Creek on the northern edge of the burn. The probabilities and volumes for the modeled storms indicate a potential for debris-flow impacts on structures, reservoirs, roads, bridges, and culverts located within and immediately downstream from the burned area. U.S. Highway 160, on the eastern edge of the burn area, also is susceptible to impacts from debris flows.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Hinsdale County, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Verdin, K.L., Dupree, J.A., and Stevens, M.R., 2013, Postwildfire debris-flow hazard assessment of the area burned by the 2013 West Fork Fire Complex, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1259, Report: iv, 30 p.; 3 Plates: 34 x 22.31 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131259.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 30 p.; 3 Plates: 34 x 22.31 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050942","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131259.gif"},{"id":278398,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/pdf/of2013-1259.pdf"},{"id":278399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/pdf/of2013-1259_plate1.pdf"},{"id":278400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/pdf/of2013-1259_plate2.pdf"},{"id":278401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/pdf/of2013-1259_plate3.pdf"},{"id":278392,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1259/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"West Fork Complex","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.1052,37.1977 ], [ -107.1052,38.1408 ], [ -106.1574,38.1408 ], [ -106.1574,37.1977 ], [ -107.1052,37.1977 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b852fe4b058918d0a99b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, Kristine L. 0000-0002-6114-4660 kverdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":3070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Kristine","email":"kverdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dupree, Jean A. dupree@usgs.gov","contributorId":2563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"Jean","email":"dupree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, Michael R. 0000-0002-9476-6335 mrsteven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6335","contributorId":769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Michael","email":"mrsteven@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048549,"text":"70048549 - 2013 - Phreatophytes under stress: transpiration and stomatal conductance of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in a high-salinity environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-24T11:01:02","indexId":"70048549","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T10:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phreatophytes under stress: transpiration and stomatal conductance of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in a high-salinity environment","docAbstract":"Background and aims: We sought to understand the environmental constraints on an arid-zone riparian phreatophtye, saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima and related species and hybrids), growing over a brackish aquifer along the Colorado River in the western U.S. Depth to groundwater, meteorological factors, salinity and soil hydraulic properties were compared at stress and non-stressed sites that differed in salinity of the aquifer, soil properties and water use characteristics, to identify the factors depressing water use at the stress site.\nMethods: Saltcedar leaf-level transpiration (EL), LAI, and stomatal conductance (GS) were measured over a growing season (June–September) with Granier and stem heat balance sensors and were compared to those for saltcedar at the non-stress site determined in a previous study. Transpiration on a ground-area basis (EG) was calculated as EL × LAI. Environmental factors were regressed against hourly and daily EL and GS at each site to determine the main factors controlling water use at each site.\nResults: At the stress site, mean EG over the summer was only 30 % of potential evapotranspiration (ETo). GS and EG peaked between 8 and 9 am then decreased over the daylight hours. Daytime GS was negatively correlated with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (P < 0.05). By contrast, EG at the non-stress site tracked the daily radiation curve, was positively correlated with VPD and was nearly equal to ETo on a daily basis. Depth to groundwater increased over the growing season at both sites and resulted in decreasing EG but could not explain the difference between sites. Both sites had high soil moisture levels throughout the vadose zone with high calculated unsaturated conductivity. However, salinity in the aquifer and vadose zone was three times higher at the stress site than at the non-stress site and could explain differences in plant EG and GS.\nConclusions: Salts accumulated in the vadose zone at both sites so usable water was confined to the saturated capillary fringe above the aquifer. Existence of a saline aquifer imposes several types of constraints on phreatophyte EG, which need to be considered in models of plant water uptake. The heterogeneous nature of saltcedar EG over river terraces introduces potential errors into estimates of ET by wide-area methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant and Soil","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11104-013-1803-0","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Nagler, P.L., Morino, K., and Hultine, K., 2013, Phreatophytes under stress: transpiration and stomatal conductance of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in a high-salinity environment: Plant and Soil, v. 371, no. 1-2, p. 655-672, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1803-0.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"655","endPage":"672","numberOfPages":"23","ipdsId":"IP-045751","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278372,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1803-0"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,32.49 ], [ -114.82,40.43 ], [ -105.82,40.43 ], [ -105.82,32.49 ], [ -114.82,32.49 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"371","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3364e4b0c0d229f9bddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morino, Kiyomi","contributorId":78210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"Kiyomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hultine, Kevin","contributorId":105634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hultine","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048571,"text":"ofr20131258 - 2013 - Transient calibration of a groundwater-flow model of Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:01:01","indexId":"ofr20131258","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T09:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1258","title":"Transient calibration of a groundwater-flow model of Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160","docAbstract":"A steady-state groundwater-flow model described in Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160, ”Numerical Simulation of the Groundwater-Flow System in Chimacum Creek Basin and Vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington” was developed to evaluate potential future impacts of growth and of water-management strategies on water resources in the Chimacum Creek Basin. This supplement to that report describes the unsuccessful attempt to perform a calibration to transient conditions on the model. The modeled area is about 64 square miles on the Olympic Peninsula in northeastern Jefferson County, Washington. The geologic setting for the model area is that of unconsolidated deposits of glacial and interglacial origin typical of the Puget Sound Lowlands. The hydrogeologic units representing aquifers are Upper Aquifer (UA, roughly corresponding to recessional outwash) and Lower Aquifer (LA, roughly corresponding to advance outwash). Recharge from precipitation is the dominant source of water to the aquifer system; discharge is primarily to marine waters below sea level and to Chimacum Creek and its tributaries.\n\nThe model is comprised of a grid of 245 columns and 313 rows; cells are a uniform 200 feet per side. There are six model layers, each representing one hydrogeologic unit: (1) Upper Confining unit (UC); (2) Upper Aquifer unit (UA); (3) Middle Confining unit (MC); (4) Lower Aquifer unit (LA); (5) Lower Confining unit (LC); and (6) Bedrock unit (OE). The transient simulation period (October 1994–September 2009) was divided into 180 monthly stress periods to represent temporal variations in recharge, discharge, and storage.\n\nAn attempt to calibrate the model to transient conditions was unsuccessful due to instabilities stemming from oscillations in groundwater discharge to and recharge from streamflow in Chimacum Creek. The model as calibrated to transient conditions has mean residuals and standard errors of 0.06 ft ±0.45 feet for groundwater levels and 0.48 ± 0.06 cubic feet per second for flows. Although the expected seasonal trends were observed in model results, the typical observed annual variation of groundwater levels of about 2 feet was not. Streamflow at the most downstream observation point was about three times larger than simulated streamflow. Because the transient version of the model proved inherently unstable, it was not used to simulate forecast conditions for alternate hydrologic or anthropogenic changes. Adaptation of alternate stream simulation packages, such as RIV, or newer versions of MODFLOW, such as MODFLOW-NWT, could possibly assist with achieving calibration to transient conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Jefferson County and the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., and Johnson, K.H., 2013, Transient calibration of a groundwater-flow model of Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1258, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131258.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131258.PNG"},{"id":278348,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1258/pdf/ofr2013-1258.pdf"},{"id":278349,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1258/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Chimacum Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.846987,47.927651 ], [ -122.846987,48.0685 ], [ -122.677922,48.0685 ], [ -122.677922,47.927651 ], [ -122.846987,47.927651 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3365e4b0c0d229f9bde6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Joseph L. jljones@usgs.gov","contributorId":3492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Joseph","email":"jljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth H. johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048570,"text":"sir20135170 - 2013 - Revised shallow and deep water-level and storage-volume changes in the Equus Beds Aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, predevelopment to 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:06:19","indexId":"sir20135170","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5170","title":"Revised shallow and deep water-level and storage-volume changes in the Equus Beds Aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, predevelopment to 1993","docAbstract":"Beginning in the 1940s, the Wichita well field was developed in the Equus Beds aquifer in southwestern Harvey County and northwestern Sedgwick County to supply water to the city of Wichita. The decline of water levels in the aquifer was noted soon after the development of the Wichita well field began. Development of irrigation wells began in the 1960s. City and agricultural withdrawals led to substantial water-level declines. Water-level declines enhanced movement of brines from past oil and gas activities near Burrton, Kansas and enhanced movement of natural saline water from the Arkansas River into the well field area. Large chloride concentrations may limit use or require the treatment of water from the well field for irrigation or public supply. In 1993, the city of Wichita adopted the Integrated Local Water Supply Program (ILWSP) to ensure an adequate water supply for the city through 2050 and as part of its effort to effectively manage the part of the Equus Beds aquifer it uses. ILWSP uses several strategies to do this including the Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) project. The purpose of the ASR project is to store water in the aquifer for later recovery and to help protect the aquifer from encroachment of a known oilfield brine plume near Burrton and saline water from the Arkansas River.\n\nAs part of Wichita’s ASR permits, Wichita is prohibited from artificially recharging water into the aquifer in a Basin Storage area (BSA) grid cell if water levels in that cell are above the January 1940 water levels or are less than 10 feet below land surface. The map previously used for this purpose did not provide an accurate representation of the shallow water table. The revised predevelopment water-level altitude map of the shallow part of the aquifer is presented in this report.\n\nThe city of Wichita’s ASR permits specify that the January 1993 water-level altitudes will be used as a lower baseline for regulating the withdrawal of artificial rechage credits from the Equus Beds aquifer by the city of Wichita. The 1993 water levels correspond to the lowest recorded levels and largest storage declines since 1940. Revised and new water-level maps of shallow and deep layers were developed to better represent the general condition of the aquifer. Only static water levels were used to better represent the general condition of the aquifer and comply with Wichita’s ASR permits. To ensure adequate data density, the January 1993 period was expanded to October 1992 through February 1993. Static 1993 water levels from the deep aquifer layer of the Equus Beds aquifer possibly could be used as the lower baseline for regulatory purposes.\n\nPreviously, maps of water-level changes used to estimate the storage-volume changes included a combination of static (unaffected by pumping or nearby pumping) and stressed (affected by pumping or nearby pumping) water levels from wells. Some of these wells were open to the shallow aquifer layer and some were open to the deep aquifer layer of the Equus Beds aquifer. In this report, only static water levels in the shallow aquifer layer were used to determine storage-volume changes.\n\nThe effects on average water-level and storage-volume change from the use of mixed, stressed water levels and a specific yield of 0.20 were compared to the use of static water levels in the shallow aquifer and a specific yield of 0.15. This comparison indicates that the change in specific yield causes storage-volume changes to decrease about 25 percent, whereas the use of static water levels in the shallow aquifer layer causes an increase of less than 4 percent. Use of a specific yield of 0.15 will result in substantial decreases in the amount of storage-volume change compared to those reported previously that were calculated using a specific yield of 0.20. Based on these revised water-level maps and computations, the overall decline and change in storage from predevelopment to 1993 represented a loss in storage of about 6 percent (-202,000 acre-feet) of the overall storage volume within the newly defined study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135170","usgsCitation":"Hansen, C.V., Lanning-Rush, J., and Ziegler, A., 2013, Revised shallow and deep water-level and storage-volume changes in the Equus Beds Aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, predevelopment to 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5170, v.; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135170.","productDescription":"v.; 18 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135170.gif"},{"id":278346,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5170/"},{"id":278345,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5170/pdf/sir2013_5170.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Wichita","otherGeospatial":"Equus Beds Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.68355,37.73379 ], [ -97.68355,38.181032 ], [ -97.396098,38.181032 ], [ -97.396098,37.73379 ], [ -97.68355,37.73379 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3365e4b0c0d229f9bde0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanning-Rush, Jennifer L. jlanning@usgs.gov","contributorId":5809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanning-Rush","given":"Jennifer L.","email":"jlanning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048522,"text":"70048522 - 2013 - Maturation characteristics and life history strategies of the Pacific Lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T11:21:12","indexId":"70048522","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T15:38:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maturation characteristics and life history strategies of the Pacific Lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus","docAbstract":"Lampreys (Petromyzontiformes) have persisted over millennia and now suffer a recent decline in abundance. Complex life histories may have factored in their persistence; anthropogenic perturbations in their demise. The complexity of life histories of lampreys is not understood, particularly for the anadromous Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus Gairdner, 1836. Our goals were to describe the maturation timing and associated characteristics of adult Pacific lamprey, and to test the null hypothesis that different life histories do not exist. Females exhibited early vitellogenesis – early maturation stages; males exhibited spermatogonia – spermatozoa. Cluster analyses revealed an “immature” group and a “maturing–mature” group for each sex. We found statistically significant differences between these groups in the relationships between (i) body mass and total length in males; (ii) Fulton’s condition factor and liver lipids in males; (iii) the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and liver lipids in females; (iv) GSI and total length in females; (v) mean oocyte diameter and liver lipids; and (vi) mean oocyte diameter and GSI. We found no significant difference between the groups in the relationship of muscle lipids and body mass. Our analyses support rejection of the hypothesis of a single life history. We found evidence for an “ocean-maturing” life history that would likely spawn within several weeks of entering fresh water, in addition to the formerly recognized life history of spending 1 year in fresh water prior to spawning—the “stream-maturing” life history. Late maturity, semelparity, and high fecundity suggest that Pacific lamprey capitalize on infrequent opportunities for reproduction in highly variable environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2013-0114","usgsCitation":"Clemens, B., van de Wetering, S., Sower, S.A., and Schreck, C.B., 2013, Maturation characteristics and life history strategies of the Pacific Lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 91, no. 11, p. 775-788, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0114.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"788","ipdsId":"IP-051202","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278337,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0114"}],"volume":"91","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679069e4b0c24c90856d93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clemens, Benjamin J.","contributorId":22209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemens","given":"Benjamin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van de Wetering, Stan","contributorId":60116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van de Wetering","given":"Stan","affiliations":[{"id":34142,"text":"Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":484951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sower, Stacia A.","contributorId":25109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sower","given":"Stacia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048546,"text":"70048546 - 2013 - Estimating riparian and agricultural evapotranspiration by reference crop evapotranspiration and MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-11T21:30:40.075464","indexId":"70048546","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T14:51:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating riparian and agricultural evapotranspiration by reference crop evapotranspiration and MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index","docAbstract":"Dryland river basins frequently support both irrigated agriculture and riparian vegetation and remote sensing methods are needed to monitor water use by both crops and natural vegetation in irrigation districts. We developed an algorithm for estimating actual evapotranspiration (ETa) based on the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensor on the EOS-1 Terra satellite and locally-derived measurements of reference crop ET (ETo). The algorithm was calibrated with five years of ETa data from three eddy covariance flux towers set in riparian plant associations on the upper San Pedro River, Arizona, supplemented with ETa data for alfalfa and cotton from the literature. The algorithm was based on an equation of the form ETa = ETo [a(1 − e−bEVI) − c], where the term (1 − e−bEVI) is derived from the Beer-Lambert Law to express light absorption by a canopy, with EVI replacing leaf area index as an estimate of the density of light-absorbing units. The resulting algorithm capably predicted ETa across riparian plants and crops (r2 = 0.73). It was then tested against water balance data for five irrigation districts and flux tower data for two riparian zones for which season-long or multi-year ETa data were available. Predictions were within 10% of measured results in each case, with a non-significant (P = 0.89) difference between mean measured and modeled ETa of 5.4% over all validation sites. Validation and calibration data sets were combined to present a final predictive equation for application across crops and riparian plant associations for monitoring individual irrigation districts or for conducting global water use assessments of mixed agricultural and riparian biomes.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs5083849","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P.L., Glenn, E.P., Nguyen, U., Scott, R., and Doody, T., 2013, Estimating riparian and agricultural evapotranspiration by reference crop evapotranspiration and MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index: Remote Sensing, v. 5, no. 8, p. 3849-3871, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5083849.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"3849","endPage":"3871","ipdsId":"IP-045908","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5083849","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278313,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679064e4b0c24c90856d7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nguyen, Uyen","contributorId":71863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nguyen","given":"Uyen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, Russell","contributorId":11931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Russell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doody, Tania","contributorId":23836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doody","given":"Tania","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048556,"text":"fs20133094 - 2013 - Irrigation trends in Kansas, 1991-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-11T20:43:38.662153","indexId":"fs20133094","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T12:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3094","title":"Irrigation trends in Kansas, 1991-2011","docAbstract":"This fact sheet examines trends in total reported irrigation water use and acres irrigated as well as irrigation water use by crop type and system type in Kansas for the years 1991 through 2011. During the 21-year period, total reported irrigation water diversions varied substantially from year to year as affected primarily by climatic fluctuations. Total reported acres irrigated remained comparatively constant during this time, although acreages of irrigated corn increased and center pivots with drop nozzles became the dominant system type used for irrigation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133094","usgsCitation":"Kenny, J., and Juracek, K.E., 2013, Irrigation trends in Kansas, 1991-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3094, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133094.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278318,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3094/"},{"id":278319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3094/pdf/fs13-3094.pdf"},{"id":505515,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99173.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":278320,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133094.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.0518,36.9931 ], [ -102.0518,40.0031 ], [ -94.5882,40.0031 ], [ -94.5882,36.9931 ], [ -102.0518,36.9931 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679068e4b0c24c90856d8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenny, Joan F.","contributorId":69132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenny","given":"Joan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048553,"text":"ofr20131221 - 2013 - Chuckwalla Valley multiple-well monitoring site, Chuckwalla Valley, Riverside County","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T17:54:58","indexId":"ofr20131221","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T08:52:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1221","title":"Chuckwalla Valley multiple-well monitoring site, Chuckwalla Valley, Riverside County","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, is evaluating the geohydrology and water availability of the Chuckwalla Valley, California. As part of this evaluation, the USGS installed the Chuckwalla Valley multiple-well monitoring site (CWV1) in the southeastern portion of the Chuckwalla Basin. Data collected at this site provide information about the geology, hydrology, geophysics, and geochemistry of the local aquifer system, thus enhancing the understanding of the geohydrologic framework of the Chuckwalla Valley. This report presents construction information for the CWV1 multiple-well monitoring site and initial geohydrologic data collected from the site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Bureau of Land Management, California Desert District","usgsCitation":"Everett, R., 2013, Chuckwalla Valley multiple-well monitoring site, Chuckwalla Valley, Riverside County: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1221, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131221.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041881","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131221.jpg"},{"id":278308,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1221/"},{"id":278309,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1221/pdf/ofr2013-1221.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Chuckwalla Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.9982,33.1941 ], [ -115.9982,34.0801 ], [ -114.4349,34.0801 ], [ -114.4349,33.1941 ], [ -115.9982,33.1941 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679052e4b0c24c90856d72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Everett, Rhett R. 0000-0001-7983-6270 reverett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-6270","contributorId":843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"Rhett R.","email":"reverett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048544,"text":"70048544 - 2013 - Deriving Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-21T14:46:18","indexId":"70048544","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-21T14:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deriving Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Standards","docAbstract":"Achieving and maintaining the water quality conditions necessary to protect the aquatic living resources of the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries has required a foundation of quantifiable water quality criteria. Quantitative criteria serve as a critical basis for assessing the attainment of designated uses and measuring progress toward meeting water quality goals of the Chesapeake Bay Program partnership. In 1987, the Chesapeake Bay Program partnership committed to defining the water quality conditions necessary to protect aquatic living resources. Under section 303(c) of the Clean Water Act, States and authorized tribes have the primary responsibility for adopting water quality standards into law or regulation. The Chesapeake Bay Program partnership worked with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to develop and publish a guidance framework of ambient water quality criteria with designated uses and assessment procedures for dissolved oxygen, water clarity, and chlorophyll a for Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries in 2003. This article reviews the derivation of the water quality criteria, criteria assessment protocols, designated use boundaries, and their refinements published in six addendum documents since 2003 and successfully adopted into each jurisdiction's water quality standards used in developing the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12108","usgsCitation":"Tango, P.J., and Batiuk, R.A., 2013, Deriving Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Standards: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 49, no. 5, p. 1007-1024, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12108.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1007","endPage":"1024","ipdsId":"IP-046138","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278300,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12108"},{"id":278301,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jawr.12108/abstract"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.3175,36.9078 ], [ -77.3175,39.6076 ], [ -74.7591,39.6076 ], [ -74.7591,36.9078 ], [ -77.3175,36.9078 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"49","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52663ee4e4b0992695a7f43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tango, Peter J. pjtango@usgs.gov","contributorId":4088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tango","given":"Peter","email":"pjtango@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batiuk, Richard A.","contributorId":8368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batiuk","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048526,"text":"70048526 - 2013 - Evaluation of Pleistocene groundwater flow through fractured tuffs using a U-series disequilibrium approach, Pahute Mesa, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T10:53:03","indexId":"70048526","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-21T13:44:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Pleistocene groundwater flow through fractured tuffs using a U-series disequilibrium approach, Pahute Mesa, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Groundwater flow through fractured felsic tuffs and lavas at the Nevada National Security Site represents the most likely mechanism for transport of radionuclides away from underground nuclear tests at Pahute Mesa. To help evaluate fracture flow and matrix–water exchange, we have determined U-series isotopic compositions on more than 40 drill core samples from 5 boreholes that represent discrete fracture surfaces, breccia zones, and interiors of unfractured core. The U-series approach relies on the disruption of radioactive secular equilibrium between isotopes in the uranium-series decay chain due to preferential mobilization of 234U relative to 238U, and U relative to Th. Samples from discrete fractures were obtained by milling fracture surfaces containing thin secondary mineral coatings of clays, silica, Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides, and zeolite. Intact core interiors and breccia fragments were sampled in bulk. In addition, profiles of rock matrix extending 15 to 44 mm away from several fractures that show evidence of recent flow were analyzed to investigate the extent of fracture/matrix water exchange. Samples of rock matrix have 234U/238U and 230Th/238U activity ratios (AR) closest to radioactive secular equilibrium indicating only small amounts of groundwater penetrated unfractured matrix. Greater U mobility was observed in welded-tuff matrix with elevated porosity and in zeolitized bedded tuff. Samples of brecciated core were also in secular equilibrium implying a lack of long-range hydraulic connectivity in these cases. Samples of discrete fracture surfaces typically, but not always, were in radioactive disequilibrium. Many fractures had isotopic compositions plotting near the 230Th-234U 1:1 line indicating a steady-state balance between U input and removal along with radioactive decay. Numerical simulations of U-series isotope evolution indicate that 0.5 to 1 million years are required to reach steady-state compositions. Once attained, disequilibrium 234U/238U and 230Th/238U AR values can be maintained indefinitely as long as hydrological and geochemical processes remain stable. Therefore, many Pahute Mesa fractures represent stable hydrologic pathways over million-year timescales. A smaller number of samples have non-steady-state compositions indicating transient conditions in the last several hundred thousand years. In these cases, U mobility is dominated by overall gains rather than losses of U.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.043","usgsCitation":"Paces, J.B., Nichols, P.J., Neymark, L.A., and Rajaram, H., 2013, Evaluation of Pleistocene groundwater flow through fractured tuffs using a U-series disequilibrium approach, Pahute Mesa, Nevada, USA: Chemical Geology, v. 358, p. 101-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.043.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"118","ipdsId":"IP-042487","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278299,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.043"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pahute Mesa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.245064,36.834569 ], [ -117.245064,38.186926 ], [ -115.957947,38.186926 ], [ -115.957947,36.834569 ], [ -117.245064,36.834569 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"358","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52663ee6e4b0992695a7f440","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, Paul J.","contributorId":87057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neymark, Leonid A. lneymark@usgs.gov","contributorId":532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"Leonid","email":"lneymark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rajaram, Harihar","contributorId":61328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rajaram","given":"Harihar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048543,"text":"70048543 - 2013 - Recreational water quality response to a filtering barrier at a Great Lakes beach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-21T13:27:56","indexId":"70048543","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-21T13:07:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recreational water quality response to a filtering barrier at a Great Lakes beach","docAbstract":"Recent research has sought to determine the off- or onshore origin of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in order to improve local recreational water quality. In an effort to reduce offshore contamination, a filtering barrier (FB) was installed at Calumet Beach, Lake Michigan, Chicago, IL. A horseshoe-shaped curtain (146 m long, 0.18 mm apparent opening size, 1.5–1.6 m deepest point) was designed to exclude FIB containing or promoting debris and thus reduce the number of swimming advisories during the examination period of July through September 2012. Mean water Escherichia coli concentrations were significantly lower at southern transects (S; outside FB) than at transects within the FB (WN) and at northern transects (N; outside FB) (1.45 log (MPN)/100 ml vs. 1.74 and 1.72, respectively, p < 0.05, n = 234). Turbidity was significantly higher at the WN transects (p < 0.001, n = 233), but it tended to increase throughout the sampling season within and outside the FB. E. coli in adjacent foreshore sand was significantly lower at the WN transects. A combination of factors might explain higher E. coli and turbidity within the FB including increased sediment resuspension, trapped algae, shallowing within the FB, and large lake hydrodynamic processes. This remediation approach may find better use in a different hydrodynamic setting, but the results of this experiment provide insight on sources of contamination and nearshore dynamics that may direct future beach management strategies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.040","usgsCitation":"Przybyla-Kelly, K., Nevers, M., Breitenbach, C., and Whitman, R.L., 2013, Recreational water quality response to a filtering barrier at a Great Lakes beach: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 129, p. 635-641, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.040.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"635","endPage":"641","ipdsId":"IP-049152","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278295,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.040"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","otherGeospatial":"Calumet Beach;Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.529029,41.712252 ], [ -87.529029,41.715995 ], [ -87.526324,41.715995 ], [ -87.526324,41.712252 ], [ -87.529029,41.712252 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"129","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52663ee7e4b0992695a7f446","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Przybyla-Kelly, Kasia","contributorId":79004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Przybyla-Kelly","given":"Kasia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nevers, Meredith 0000-0001-6963-6734 mnevers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-6734","contributorId":2013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"mnevers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breitenbach, Cathy","contributorId":55731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breitenbach","given":"Cathy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048534,"text":"70048534 - 2013 - Detecting channel riparian vegetation response to best-management-practices implementation in ephemeral streams with the use of spot high-resolution visible imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-21T13:04:55","indexId":"70048534","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-21T11:48:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting channel riparian vegetation response to best-management-practices implementation in ephemeral streams with the use of spot high-resolution visible imagery","docAbstract":"Heavily grazed riparian areas are commonly subject to channel incision, a lower water table, and reduced vegetation, resulting in sediment delivery above normal regimes. Riparian and in-channel vegetation functions as a roughness element and dissipates flow energy, maintaining stable channel geometry. Ash Creek, a tributary of the Bad River in western South Dakota contains a high proportion of incised channels, remnants of historically high grazing pressure. Best management practices (BMP), including off-stream watering sources and cross fencing, were implemented throughout the Bad River watershed during an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 319 effort to address high sediment loads. We monitored prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Link) establishment within stream channels for 16 yr following BMP implementation. Photos were used to group stream reaches (n = 103) subjectively into three classes; absent (estimated < 5% cover; n = 64), present (estimated 5–40% cover; n = 23), and dense (estimated > 40% cover; n = 16) based on the relative amount of prairie cordgrass during 2010 assessments of ephemeral channels. Reaches containing drainage areas of 0.54 to 692 ha were delineated with the use of 2010 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were extracted from 5 to 39 sample points proportional to reach length using a series of Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) satellite imagery. Normalized NDVI (nNDVI) of 2 152 sample points were determined from pre- and post-BMP images. Mean nNDVI values for each reach ranged from 0.33 to 1.77. ANOVA revealed significant increase in nNDVI in locations classified as present prairie cordgrass cover following BMP implementation. Establishment of prairie cordgrass following BMP implementation was successfully detected remotely. Riparian vegetation such as prairie cordgrass adds channel roughness that reduces the flow energy responsible for channel degradation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","doi":"10.2111/REM-D-11-00153.1","usgsCitation":"Kamp, K.V., Rigge, M.B., Troelstrup, N.H., Smart, A.J., and Wylie, B., 2013, Detecting channel riparian vegetation response to best-management-practices implementation in ephemeral streams with the use of spot high-resolution visible imagery: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 66, no. 1, p. 63-70, https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-11-00153.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"70","ipdsId":"IP-031895","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642688","text":"External Repository"},{"id":278294,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278293,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-11-00153.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Ash Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.625496,44.2689280 ], [ -100.625496,44.3229880 ], [ -100.535202,44.3229880 ], [ -100.535202,44.2689280 ], [ -100.625496,44.2689280 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52663ee5e4b0992695a7f43d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kamp, Kendall Vande","contributorId":17525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamp","given":"Kendall","email":"","middleInitial":"Vande","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rigge, Matthew B. 0000-0003-4471-8009 mrigge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-8009","contributorId":751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigge","given":"Matthew","email":"mrigge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troelstrup, Nels H. Jr.","contributorId":13130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troelstrup","given":"Nels","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smart, Alexander J.","contributorId":10711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce 0000-0002-7374-1083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":107996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048521,"text":"70048521 - 2013 - A new species of Helobdella (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) from Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-21T10:45:50","indexId":"70048521","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-21T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3814,"text":"Zootaxa","onlineIssn":"1175-5334","printIssn":"1175-5326","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new species of Helobdella (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) from Oregon","docAbstract":"Helobdella bowermani n. sp. is described from specimens collected in fine sediment of open water benthos of Upper Klamath Lake, Klamath County, Oregon. The new species has pale yellow/buff coloration with scattered chromatophore blotches throughout the dorsal surface, lateral extensions or papillae only on the a2 annulus, dorsal medial row of papillae with small papilla on a1 and larger papillae on a2 and a3, and a small oval scute (rarely triangular). Helobdella bowermani n. sp. is morphologically similar to Helobdella atli and Helobdella simplex. Molecular comparison of CO-I sequence data from H. bowermani n. sp. revealed differences of 10.6%–10.8% with Helobdella californica, differences of 12.2%–13.7% with H. atli, and differences of 12.7%–13.2% with H. simplex.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zootaxa","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Magnolia Press","doi":"10.11646/zootaxa.3718.3.5","usgsCitation":"Moser, W.E., Fend, S.V., Richardson, D., Hammond, C.I., Lazo-Wasem, E.A., Govedich, F.R., and Gullo, B.S., 2013, A new species of Helobdella (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) from Oregon: Zootaxa, v. 3718, no. 3, p. 287-294, https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3718.3.5.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"294","ipdsId":"IP-046095","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278290,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3718.3.5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.09075,42.233483 ], [ -122.09075,42.501250 ], [ -121.801427,42.501250 ], [ -121.801427,42.233483 ], [ -122.09075,42.233483 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3718","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52663ecfe4b0992695a7f433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moser, William E.","contributorId":63715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fend, Steven V. 0000-0002-4638-6602 svfend@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":3591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"Steven","email":"svfend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richardson, Dennis J.","contributorId":21062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Dennis J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hammond, Charlette I.","contributorId":13532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"Charlette","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lazo-Wasem, Eric A.","contributorId":50441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazo-Wasem","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Govedich, Fredric R.","contributorId":18671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Govedich","given":"Fredric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gullo, Bettina S.","contributorId":102786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gullo","given":"Bettina","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70048516,"text":"70048516 - 2013 - Comparison of a karst groundwater model with and without discrete conduit flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:18:58","indexId":"70048516","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-18T16:03:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of a karst groundwater model with and without discrete conduit flow","docAbstract":"Karst aquifers exhibit a dual flow system characterized by interacting conduit and matrix domains. This study evaluated the coupled continuum pipe-flow framework for modeling karst groundwater flow in the Madison aquifer of western South Dakota (USA). Coupled conduit and matrix flow was simulated within a regional finite-difference model over a 10-year transient period. An existing equivalent porous medium (EPM) model was modified to include major conduit networks whose locations were constrained by dye-tracing data and environmental tracer analysis. Model calibration data included measured hydraulic heads at observation wells and estimates of discharge at four karst springs. Relative to the EPM model, the match to observation well hydraulic heads was substantially improved with the addition of conduits. The inclusion of conduit flow allowed for a simpler hydraulic conductivity distribution in the matrix continuum. Two of the high-conductivity zones in the EPM model, which were required to indirectly simulate the effects of conduits, were eliminated from the new model. This work demonstrates the utility of the coupled continuum pipe-flow method and illustrates how karst aquifer model parameterization is dependent on the physical processes that are simulated.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-013-1036-6","usgsCitation":"Saller, S.P., Ronayne, M.J., and Long, A.J., 2013, Comparison of a karst groundwater model with and without discrete conduit flow: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 21, no. 7, p. 1555-1566, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-1036-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1555","endPage":"1566","ipdsId":"IP-042678","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Madison Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.06,42.48 ], [ -104.06,45.95 ], [ -101.86,45.95 ], [ -101.86,42.48 ], [ -104.06,42.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52624a53e4b079a99629a0d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saller, Stephen P.","contributorId":60118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saller","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ronayne, Michael J.","contributorId":101556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ronayne","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048538,"text":"sir20135180 - 2013 - Effects of incubation substrates on hatch timing and success of White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) embryos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T13:20:48","indexId":"sir20135180","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-18T15:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5180","title":"Effects of incubation substrates on hatch timing and success of White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) embryos","docAbstract":"The Kootenai River white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) was listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act in 1994 because several decades of failed spawning had put the population at risk of extinction. Natural spawning is known to occur at several locations in the Kootenai River, Idaho, but there is little natural recruitment. Microhabitat where embryo incubation occurs is known to be an important factor in white sturgeon reproductive success. This study was conducted to address questions regarding the suitability of different substrates as egg attachment and incubation sites for these fish. A comparative laboratory study using six types of incubation substrates—clean river rocks, periphyton- and algae-covered rocks, waterlogged wood, sand, riparian vegetation, and clean glass plates—tested the hypothesis that survival to hatch of white sturgeon eggs differs among incubation substrates. The results showed that sand was unsuitable as an incubation substrate, as the adhesive embryos were easily dislodged. Periphyton- and algae-covered rocks had the lowest hatch success, and all other substrates had similar hatch success.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho","usgsCitation":"Parsley, M.J., and Kofoot, E., 2013, Effects of incubation substrates on hatch timing and success of White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) embryos: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5180, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135180.","productDescription":"16 p.","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278286,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135180.jpg"},{"id":278284,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5180/"},{"id":278285,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5180/pdf/sir2013-5180.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.540609,48.360962 ], [ -116.540609,48.999704 ], [ -115.314595,48.999704 ], [ -115.314595,48.360962 ], [ -116.540609,48.360962 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52624a65e4b079a99629a0d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsley, Michael J. 0000-0003-0097-6364 mparsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-6364","contributorId":2608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"Michael","email":"mparsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kofoot, Eric","contributorId":9939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kofoot","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048537,"text":"fs20133097 - 2013 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T16:03:57","indexId":"fs20133097","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-18T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3097","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Texas","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Texas, elevation data are critical for natural resources conservation; wildfire management, planning, and response; flood risk management; agriculture and precision farming; infrastructure and construction management; water supply and quality; and other business uses. Today, high-quality light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the source for creating elevation models and other elevation datasets. Federal, State, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data, on a national basis, that are (on average) 30 years old and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data. The new 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other three-dimensional representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133097","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2013, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3097, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133097.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133097.gif"},{"id":278279,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3097/"},{"id":278280,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3097/pdf/fs2013-3097.pdf","text":"Report","size":"283 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.276425,26.521729],[-97.31073,26.556558],[-97.345822,26.700589],[-97.370438,26.723896],[-97.368343,26.795649],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.390078,27.156512],[-97.359963,27.304732],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-97.317277,27.46369],[-97.236882,27.598293],[-97.231383,27.632336],[-97.214099,27.631551],[-97.200743,27.650144],[-97.203474,27.684533],[-97.103326,27.789068],[-97.098874,27.82285],[-97.134489,27.825206],[-97.056713,27.842294],[-96.985745,27.954048],[-96.967807,28.020041],[-96.952618,28.01644],[-96.906004,28.076147],[-96.886233,28.084396],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.84538,28.108881],[-96.83003,28.111842],[-96.81042,28.126034],[-96.816443,28.174808],[-96.791958,28.188687],[-96.703838,28.198246],[-96.702659,28.211208],[-96.662462,28.227314],[-96.651856,28.251275],[-96.592934,28.296972],[-96.450998,28.337039],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.397846,28.343513],[-96.4137,28.327343],[-96.547774,28.270798],[-96.694666,28.18212],[-96.849624,28.064939],[-96.966996,27.950531],[-97.166682,27.676583],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.350398,27.268105],[-97.370941,27.161166],[-97.37913,27.047996],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.333028,26.736479],[-97.194644,26.306513],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.169842,26.077853],[-97.194458,26.27164],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-94.886539,29.510724],[-94.894747,29.52697],[-94.87675,29.507922],[-94.886539,29.510724]]],[[[-97.868235,26.056656],[-97.88653,26.066339],[-97.967358,26.051718],[-97.981335,26.067182],[-98.028759,26.06647],[-98.039239,26.041275],[-98.070021,26.047992],[-98.084755,26.070808],[-98.091038,26.059169],[-98.105505,26.067537],[-98.146622,26.049412],[-98.177897,26.074672],[-98.197046,26.056153],[-98.220673,26.076467],[-98.248806,26.073101],[-98.264514,26.085507],[-98.277218,26.098802],[-98.265698,26.12037],[-98.296195,26.120321],[-98.302979,26.11005],[-98.323828,26.121249],[-98.336837,26.166432],[-98.354645,26.15304],[-98.386694,26.157872],[-98.404433,26.182564],[-98.442536,26.199151],[-98.450976,26.219904],[-98.496684,26.212853],[-98.543852,26.234492],[-98.576188,26.235221],[-98.599154,26.257612],[-98.669397,26.23632],[-98.681167,26.26271],[-98.745272,26.303096],[-98.755242,26.3251],[-98.789822,26.331575],[-98.807348,26.369421],[-98.890965,26.357569],[-98.921277,26.381426],[-98.950186,26.380303],[-98.967587,26.398266],[-99.008003,26.395459],[-99.032316,26.412082],[-99.082002,26.39651],[-99.110855,26.426278],[-99.091635,26.476977],[-99.127782,26.525199],[-99.166742,26.536079],[-99.178064,26.620547],[-99.209948,26.693938],[-99.208907,26.724761],[-99.240023,26.745851],[-99.242444,26.788262],[-99.268613,26.843213],[-99.295146,26.86544],[-99.316753,26.865831],[-99.3289,26.879761],[-99.324684,26.915973],[-99.379149,26.93449],[-99.393748,26.96073],[-99.377312,26.973819],[-99.415476,27.01724],[-99.42938,27.010833],[-99.446524,27.023008],[-99.452316,27.062669],[-99.429209,27.090982],[-99.442123,27.106839],[-99.426348,27.176262],[-99.441549,27.24992],[-99.463309,27.268437],[-99.492407,27.264118],[-99.494604,27.303542],[-99.536443,27.312538],[-99.504837,27.338289],[-99.487521,27.412396],[-99.495104,27.451518],[-99.480419,27.481596],[-99.497519,27.500496],[-99.52582,27.496696],[-99.515978,27.572131],[-99.55495,27.614454],[-99.580006,27.602251],[-99.578099,27.619196],[-99.594038,27.638573],[-99.638929,27.626758],[-99.665948,27.635968],[-99.668942,27.659974],[-99.711511,27.658365],[-99.77074,27.732134],[-99.796342,27.735586],[-99.813086,27.773952],[-99.835127,27.762881],[-99.850877,27.793974],[-99.877677,27.799427],[-99.876003,27.837968],[-99.904385,27.875284],[-99.895828,27.904178],[-99.937142,27.940537],[-99.931812,27.980967],[-99.991447,27.99456],[-100.017914,28.064787],[-100.053123,28.08473],[-100.083393,28.144035],[-100.208059,28.190383],[-100.22363,28.235224],[-100.2462,28.234092],[-100.289384,28.273491],[-100.286471,28.312296],[-100.341869,28.384953],[-100.349586,28.402604],[-100.337797,28.44296],[-100.368288,28.477196],[-100.333814,28.499252],[-100.38886,28.515748],[-100.411414,28.551899],[-100.398385,28.584884],[-100.44732,28.609325],[-100.445529,28.637144],[-100.495863,28.658569],[-100.510055,28.690723],[-100.507613,28.740599],[-100.533017,28.76328],[-100.53583,28.805888],[-100.547324,28.825817],[-100.57051,28.826317],[-100.602054,28.901944],[-100.640568,28.914212],[-100.651512,28.943432],[-100.645894,28.986421],[-100.674656,29.099777],[-100.772649,29.168492],[-100.767059,29.195287],[-100.785521,29.228137],[-100.795681,29.22773],[-100.797671,29.246943],[-100.876049,29.279585],[-100.886842,29.307848],[-100.948972,29.347246],[-101.004207,29.364772],[-101.060151,29.458661],[-101.151877,29.477005],[-101.173821,29.514566],[-101.254895,29.520342],[-101.242023,29.592512],[-101.259127,29.607284],[-101.307332,29.587847],[-101.311219,29.648491],[-101.361756,29.657821],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-101.441059,29.753451],[-101.475269,29.780663],[-101.522695,29.759671],[-101.546797,29.796991],[-101.582562,29.771334],[-101.625958,29.771063],[-101.646418,29.754304],[-101.662453,29.77128],[-101.706636,29.762737],[-101.852604,29.801895],[-101.922585,29.790161],[-101.974548,29.810276],[-101.987539,29.801057],[-102.034759,29.804028],[-102.050044,29.78507],[-102.115682,29.79239],[-102.159601,29.814356],[-102.181894,29.846034],[-102.227553,29.843534],[-102.315389,29.87992],[-102.364542,29.845387],[-102.386678,29.76688],[-102.508313,29.783219],[-102.513381,29.76576],[-102.539417,29.751629],[-102.559343,29.760377],[-102.630151,29.734315],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.698347,29.695591],[-102.693466,29.676507],[-102.742031,29.632142],[-102.739991,29.599041],[-102.768341,29.594734],[-102.771429,29.548546],[-102.808692,29.522319],[-102.807327,29.494009],[-102.832539,29.433109],[-102.824564,29.399558],[-102.843021,29.357988],[-102.879534,29.353327],[-102.888328,29.291947],[-102.906296,29.260011],[-102.871347,29.241625],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-102.890064,29.208814],[-102.915866,29.215878],[-102.917805,29.190697],[-102.944911,29.18882],[-102.953475,29.176308],[-102.989432,29.183174],[-103.015028,29.12577],[-103.035683,29.103029],[-103.074407,29.088534],[-103.100266,29.0577],[-103.113922,28.988547],[-103.156646,28.972831],[-103.227801,28.991532],[-103.239109,28.981651],[-103.260308,28.989731],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-103.341463,29.041224],[-103.355428,29.021529],[-103.427754,29.042334],[-103.471265,29.073115],[-103.503236,29.11911],[-103.524613,29.120998],[-103.523384,29.133389],[-103.558679,29.154962],[-103.645635,29.159286],[-103.71377,29.185008],[-103.816642,29.270927],[-103.975235,29.296017],[-104.038282,29.320156],[-104.106467,29.373127],[-104.166563,29.399352],[-104.233487,29.492734],[-104.318074,29.527938],[-104.334811,29.519463],[-104.381041,29.543406],[-104.399591,29.572319],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.539761,29.676074],[-104.565688,29.770462],[-104.679772,29.924659],[-104.679661,29.975272],[-104.706874,30.050685],[-104.685003,30.085643],[-104.695366,30.13213],[-104.687296,30.179464],[-104.713166,30.237957],[-104.733822,30.261221],[-104.749664,30.26126],[-104.761634,30.301148],[-104.809794,30.334926],[-104.824314,30.370466],[-104.859521,30.390413],[-104.85242,30.418792],[-104.876787,30.511004],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-104.967167,30.608107],[-105.002057,30.680972],[-105.062334,30.686303],[-105.113816,30.746001],[-105.152362,30.751452],[-105.195144,30.792138],[-105.255416,30.797029],[-105.287238,30.822206],[-105.314863,30.816961],[-105.360672,30.847384],[-105.394242,30.852979],[-105.399609,30.888941],[-105.533088,30.984859],[-105.55743,30.990229],[-105.60333,31.082625],[-105.64189,31.098322],[-105.646731,31.113908],[-105.709491,31.136375],[-105.742678,31.164897],[-105.773257,31.166897],[-105.779725,31.191283],[-105.869353,31.288634],[-105.938452,31.318735],[-105.953943,31.364749],[-106.004926,31.392458],[-106.080258,31.398702],[-106.203969,31.465378],[-106.246203,31.541153],[-106.280811,31.562062],[-106.303536,31.620413],[-106.378039,31.72831],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-106.484642,31.747809],[-106.542097,31.802146],[-106.602727,31.825024],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.645296,31.894859],[-106.614346,31.918003],[-106.623933,31.925335],[-106.614702,31.956],[-106.622819,31.952891],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.638186,31.97682],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-100.003762,36.499699],[-100.000381,34.560509],[-99.929334,34.576714],[-99.825325,34.497596],[-99.754248,34.421289],[-99.696462,34.381036],[-99.665992,34.374185],[-99.600026,34.374688],[-99.569696,34.418418],[-99.499875,34.409608],[-99.430995,34.373414],[-99.399603,34.375079],[-99.394956,34.442099],[-99.381011,34.456936],[-99.358795,34.455863],[-99.318363,34.408296],[-99.289922,34.414731],[-99.264167,34.405149],[-99.25898,34.391243],[-99.273958,34.38756],[-99.242945,34.372668],[-99.233274,34.344101],[-99.210716,34.336304],[-99.211648,34.292232],[-99.19457,34.272424],[-99.189511,34.214312],[-99.159016,34.20888],[-99.130609,34.219408],[-99.126567,34.203004],[-99.079535,34.211518],[-99.048792,34.198209],[-99.013075,34.203222],[-98.990852,34.221633],[-98.974132,34.203566],[-98.952513,34.21265],[-98.909349,34.177499],[-98.872922,34.166584],[-98.868116,34.149635],[-98.8579,34.159627],[-98.812954,34.158444],[-98.749291,34.124238],[-98.735471,34.135208],[-98.696518,34.133521],[-98.648073,34.164441],[-98.603978,34.160249],[-98.577136,34.148962],[-98.486328,34.062598],[-98.414426,34.085074],[-98.384381,34.146317],[-98.367494,34.156191],[-98.16912,34.114171],[-98.114506,34.154727],[-98.09066,34.12198],[-98.120208,34.072127],[-98.099096,34.048639],[-98.104022,34.036233],[-98.088203,34.005481],[-98.027672,33.993357],[-97.978243,34.005387],[-97.947572,33.991053],[-97.974173,33.942832],[-97.955511,33.938186],[-97.957155,33.914454],[-97.983552,33.904002],[-97.967777,33.88243],[-97.877387,33.850236],[-97.834333,33.857671],[-97.784657,33.890632],[-97.783717,33.91056],[-97.76377,33.914241],[-97.762768,33.934396],[-97.725289,33.941045],[-97.69311,33.983699],[-97.671772,33.99137],[-97.589598,33.953554],[-97.589254,33.903922],[-97.551541,33.897947],[-97.50096,33.919643],[-97.460376,33.903948],[-97.451469,33.87093],[-97.462857,33.841772],[-97.426493,33.819398],[-97.365507,33.823763],[-97.33294,33.87444],[-97.315913,33.865838],[-97.299245,33.880175],[-97.256625,33.863286],[-97.24618,33.900344],[-97.210921,33.916064],[-97.179609,33.89225],[-97.166629,33.847311],[-97.203514,33.821825],[-97.205431,33.801488],[-97.172192,33.737545],[-97.126102,33.716941],[-97.086195,33.743933],[-97.087999,33.808747],[-97.058623,33.818752],[-97.052209,33.841737],[-97.023899,33.844213],[-96.985567,33.886522],[-96.996183,33.941728],[-96.979415,33.956178],[-96.973807,33.935697],[-96.9163,33.957798],[-96.875281,33.860505],[-96.85609,33.84749],[-96.837413,33.871349],[-96.794276,33.868886],[-96.761588,33.824406],[-96.704457,33.835021],[-96.667187,33.91694],[-96.630117,33.895422],[-96.592948,33.895616],[-96.590112,33.880665],[-96.625399,33.856542],[-96.623155,33.841483],[-96.572937,33.819098],[-96.523863,33.818114],[-96.502286,33.77346],[-96.422643,33.776041],[-96.348306,33.686379],[-96.309964,33.710489],[-96.294867,33.764771],[-96.277269,33.769735],[-96.220521,33.74739],[-96.178059,33.760518],[-96.162757,33.788769],[-96.178964,33.810553],[-96.150765,33.816987],[-96.15163,33.831946],[-96.138905,33.839159],[-96.09936,33.83047],[-96.101349,33.845721],[-96.005296,33.845505],[-95.991487,33.866869],[-95.951609,33.857017],[-95.936132,33.886826],[-95.831948,33.835161],[-95.821666,33.856633],[-95.805149,33.861304],[-95.776255,33.845145],[-95.75431,33.853992],[-95.761916,33.883402],[-95.747335,33.895756],[-95.696962,33.885218],[-95.669978,33.905844],[-95.636978,33.906613],[-95.599678,33.934247],[-95.556915,33.92702],[-95.545197,33.880294],[-95.515302,33.891142],[-95.492028,33.874822],[-95.461499,33.883686],[-95.464211,33.873372],[-95.44737,33.86885],[-95.339122,33.868873],[-95.334523,33.885788],[-95.283445,33.877746],[-95.280351,33.896751],[-95.255747,33.902939],[-95.252906,33.933648],[-95.219358,33.961567],[-95.121184,33.931307],[-95.093929,33.895963],[-95.061065,33.895292],[-95.049025,33.86409],[-95.008376,33.866089],[-94.983303,33.851354],[-94.976208,33.859847],[-94.948716,33.818023],[-94.91945,33.810176],[-94.919614,33.786305],[-94.879218,33.764912],[-94.8693,33.745871],[-94.830804,33.740068],[-94.817427,33.752172],[-94.798634,33.744527],[-94.775064,33.755038],[-94.762961,33.731787],[-94.742576,33.727009],[-94.732384,33.700254],[-94.714865,33.707261],[-94.710725,33.691654],[-94.684792,33.684353],[-94.659167,33.692138],[-94.646113,33.6693],[-94.57962,33.677623],[-94.520725,33.616567],[-94.491503,33.625115],[-94.485875,33.637867],[-94.448637,33.642766],[-94.468086,33.599436],[-94.430039,33.591124],[-94.413155,33.569368],[-94.378076,33.577019],[-94.397398,33.562314],[-94.389515,33.546778],[-94.355945,33.54318],[-94.345513,33.567313],[-94.309582,33.551673],[-94.289129,33.582144],[-94.280849,33.577187],[-94.290901,33.558872],[-94.27909,33.557026],[-94.245932,33.589114],[-94.237975,33.577757],[-94.250197,33.556765],[-94.226392,33.552912],[-94.205634,33.567229],[-94.193248,33.556154],[-94.192483,33.570425],[-94.217408,33.57926],[-94.183913,33.594682],[-94.152626,33.575923],[-94.146048,33.581975],[-94.14852,33.565678],[-94.136864,33.571],[-94.128658,33.550952],[-94.088943,33.575322],[-94.061283,33.568805],[-94.055663,33.561887],[-94.073744,33.558285],[-94.06548,33.550909],[-94.04604,33.551321],[-94.04272,31.999265],[-94.018664,31.990843],[-93.971712,31.920384],[-93.923929,31.88985],[-93.904766,31.890599],[-93.874761,31.821661],[-93.827451,31.777741],[-93.830647,31.745811],[-93.802694,31.697783],[-93.826462,31.666919],[-93.816838,31.622509],[-93.838057,31.606795],[-93.834924,31.586211],[-93.798087,31.534044],[-93.743376,31.525196],[-93.725925,31.504092],[-93.74987,31.475276],[-93.70093,31.437784],[-93.704879,31.410881],[-93.674117,31.397681],[-93.665052,31.363886],[-93.687851,31.309835],[-93.642516,31.269508],[-93.620343,31.271025],[-93.598828,31.174679],[-93.588503,31.165581],[-93.535097,31.185614],[-93.551693,31.097258],[-93.52301,31.065241],[-93.516943,31.032584],[-93.539526,31.008498],[-93.566017,31.004567],[-93.571906,30.987614],[-93.526245,30.939411],[-93.567788,30.888302],[-93.554057,30.824941],[-93.561666,30.807739],[-93.584265,30.796663],[-93.592828,30.763986],[-93.619129,30.742002],[-93.611192,30.718053],[-93.629904,30.67994],[-93.6831,30.640763],[-93.684329,30.592586],[-93.727844,30.57407],[-93.729195,30.544842],[-93.740253,30.539569],[-93.714322,30.518562],[-93.697828,30.443838],[-93.757654,30.390423],[-93.765822,30.333318],[-93.708645,30.288317],[-93.705083,30.242752],[-93.720946,30.209852],[-93.688212,30.141376],[-93.701252,30.137376],[-93.702436,30.112721],[-93.732485,30.088914],[-93.70082,30.056274],[-93.720805,30.053043],[-93.739734,30.023987],[-93.786935,29.99058],[-93.838374,29.882855],[-93.927992,29.80964],[-93.926504,29.78956],[-93.89847,29.771577],[-93.891637,29.744618],[-93.873941,29.73777],[-93.837971,29.690619],[-93.866981,29.673085],[-94.001406,29.681486],[-94.132577,29.646217],[-94.594853,29.467903],[-94.694158,29.415632],[-94.731047,29.369141],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.783131,29.375642],[-94.766848,29.393489],[-94.6724,29.476843],[-94.608557,29.483345],[-94.566674,29.531988],[-94.532348,29.5178],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.503429,29.54325],[-94.522421,29.545672],[-94.553988,29.573882],[-94.740699,29.525858],[-94.783296,29.535314],[-94.78954,29.546494],[-94.755237,29.562782],[-94.708741,29.625226],[-94.693154,29.694453],[-94.695317,29.723052],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.816085,29.75671],[-94.851108,29.721373],[-94.872551,29.67125],[-94.893107,29.661336],[-94.915413,29.656614],[-94.936089,29.692704],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-95.015636,29.639457],[-94.982936,29.60167],[-95.016889,29.548303],[-94.981916,29.511141],[-94.909898,29.49691],[-94.930861,29.450504],[-94.8908,29.433432],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-94.921593,29.281556],[-94.952526,29.290122],[-95.099101,29.173529],[-95.151925,29.151162],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-95.136221,29.084537],[-94.879239,29.285839],[-94.824953,29.306005],[-94.822307,29.344254],[-94.810696,29.353435],[-94.784895,29.335535],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-95.081773,29.111222],[-95.38239,28.866348],[-95.439594,28.859022],[-95.812504,28.664942],[-96.220376,28.491966],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-96.37596,28.401682],[-96.335119,28.437795],[-96.223825,28.495067],[-96.21505,28.509679],[-95.98616,28.606319],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-95.996338,28.658736],[-96.006516,28.648049],[-96.047737,28.649067],[-96.221784,28.580364],[-96.233998,28.596649],[-96.212624,28.622604],[-96.230944,28.641433],[-96.192267,28.687744],[-96.19583,28.69894],[-96.222802,28.698431],[-96.287942,28.683164],[-96.304227,28.671459],[-96.303718,28.644996],[-96.373439,28.626675],[-96.487943,28.569677],[-96.485907,28.607845],[-96.510844,28.61497],[-96.499648,28.635835],[-96.563262,28.644487],[-96.572931,28.667897],[-96.561226,28.696395],[-96.584091,28.722798],[-96.664534,28.696904],[-96.61059,28.638889],[-96.61975,28.627693],[-96.611099,28.585962],[-96.565297,28.5824],[-96.561226,28.570695],[-96.526111,28.557972],[-96.505755,28.525911],[-96.402446,28.449066],[-96.59176,28.357462],[-96.672677,28.335579],[-96.705247,28.348811],[-96.710336,28.406827],[-96.772209,28.408074],[-96.794554,28.365688],[-96.791761,28.31217],[-96.809573,28.290287],[-96.787181,28.255681],[-96.800413,28.224128],[-96.934765,28.123873],[-96.962755,28.123365],[-97.027014,28.148408],[-97.021303,28.1841],[-97.037008,28.185528],[-97.153601,28.13318],[-97.214039,28.087494],[-97.21535,28.076575],[-97.176444,28.059892],[-97.137421,28.057037],[-97.025693,28.11216],[-97.035528,28.084688],[-97.025859,28.041939],[-97.129168,27.919801],[-97.186709,27.825453],[-97.219738,27.823939],[-97.250797,27.876035],[-97.272253,27.881427],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.393291,27.782905],[-97.368355,27.741683],[-97.316446,27.712676],[-97.253955,27.696696],[-97.296598,27.613947],[-97.294054,27.5941],[-97.321535,27.571199],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.508304,27.275014],[-97.532223,27.278577],[-97.544437,27.284175],[-97.498126,27.308602],[-97.502706,27.322343],[-97.483877,27.338628],[-97.48693,27.358984],[-97.501688,27.366618],[-97.609068,27.285193],[-97.63146,27.28621],[-97.640111,27.270943],[-97.628916,27.242953],[-97.54291,27.229213],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.443673,27.116235],[-97.45665,27.099695],[-97.495836,27.094098],[-97.477515,27.066108],[-97.48693,27.057711],[-97.486676,27.03481],[-97.473444,27.02285],[-97.478533,26.999186],[-97.555378,26.99028],[-97.555378,26.93888],[-97.540874,26.90631],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.509831,26.803511],[-97.468609,26.740915],[-97.445708,26.609362],[-97.416955,26.553637],[-97.441383,26.455418],[-97.41721,26.44982],[-97.42179,26.417249],[-97.382485,26.411326],[-97.369627,26.394603],[-97.388965,26.36585],[-97.387947,26.330481],[-97.358176,26.356435],[-97.335275,26.355672],[-97.336802,26.331753],[-97.352833,26.318521],[-97.343927,26.267376],[-97.311866,26.273737],[-97.307031,26.253126],[-97.32128,26.236078],[-97.296598,26.200709],[-97.306776,26.159487],[-97.282094,26.120301],[-97.294054,26.11394],[-97.270898,26.086459],[-97.199651,26.077044],[-97.195071,26.04193],[-97.224842,26.027426],[-97.219244,25.996128],[-97.208557,25.991802],[-97.167208,26.007069],[-97.162628,26.023482],[-97.18273,26.053126],[-97.152009,26.062108],[-97.146294,25.955606],[-97.276707,25.952147],[-97.277163,25.935438],[-97.350398,25.925241],[-97.37443,25.907444],[-97.360082,25.868874],[-97.372864,25.840117],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-97.445113,25.850026],[-97.454727,25.879337],[-97.521762,25.886458],[-97.546421,25.934077],[-97.582565,25.937857],[-97.583044,25.955443],[-97.598043,25.957556],[-97.643708,26.016943],[-97.758838,26.032131],[-97.789823,26.04246],[-97.801344,26.060017],[-97.868235,26.056656]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Texas\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52624a6ae4b079a99629a0eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048515,"text":"70048515 - 2013 - Understanding water column and streambed thermal refugia for endangered mussels in the Delaware River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-18T13:38:07","indexId":"70048515","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-18T13:33:46","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding water column and streambed thermal refugia for endangered mussels in the Delaware River","docAbstract":"Groundwater discharge locations along the upper Delaware River, both discrete bank seeps and diffuse streambed upwelling, may create thermal niche environments that benefit the endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon). We seek to identify whether discrete or diffuse groundwater inflow is the dominant control on refugia. Numerous springs and seeps were identified at all locations where dwarf wedgemussels still can be found. Infrared imagery and custom high spatial resolution fiber-optic distributed temperature sensors reveal complex thermal dynamics at one of the seeps with a relatively stable, cold groundwater plume extending along the streambed/water-column interface during mid-summer. This plume, primarily fed by a discrete bank seep, was shown through analytical and numerical heat-transport modeling to dominate temperature dynamics in the region of potential habitation by the adult dwarf wedgemussel.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es4018893","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M., Voytek, E.B., Day-Lewis, F.D., Rosenberry, D.O., and Lane, J.W., 2013, Understanding water column and streambed thermal refugia for endangered mussels in the Delaware River: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 20, p. 11423-11431, https://doi.org/10.1021/es4018893.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"11423","endPage":"11431","ipdsId":"IP-050356","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278240,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es4018893"},{"id":278241,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es4018893"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.243,41.836 ], [ -75.243,41.876 ], [ -75.204,41.876 ], [ -75.204,41.836 ], [ -75.243,41.836 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"47","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52624a6be4b079a99629a0f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A.","contributorId":10321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, Emily B. 0000-0003-0981-453X ebvoytek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0981-453X","contributorId":3575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Emily","email":"ebvoytek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048523,"text":"ofr20131105 - 2013 - Oceanographic controls on sedimentary and geochemical facies on the Peru outer shelf and upper slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:12:00","indexId":"ofr20131105","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-18T12:50:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1105","title":"Oceanographic controls on sedimentary and geochemical facies on the Peru outer shelf and upper slope","docAbstract":"Concentrations and characteristics of organic matter in surface sediments deposited under an intense oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ) on the Peru margin were mapped and studied in samples from deck-deployed box cores and push cores acquired by submersible on two east-west transects spanning depths of 75 to 1,000 meters (m) at 12°S and 13.5°S. On the basis of sampling and analyses of the top 1–2 centimeters (cm) of available cores, three main belts of sediments were identified on each transect with increasing depth: (1) muds rich in organic carbon (OC); (2) authigenic phosphatic mineral crusts and pavements; and (3) glaucony facies.
Sediments rich in OC on the 12°S transect were mainly located on the outer shelf and upper slope (150–350 m), but they occurred in much shallower water (approximately 100 m) on the 13.5°S transect. The organic matter is almost entirely marine as confirmed by Rock-Eval pyrolysis and isotopic composition of OC. Concentrations of OC are highest (up to 18 percent) in sediments within the OMZ where dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations are <5 micromoles per kilogram (μM). Even at these low concentrations of DO, however, the surface sediments from within the OMZ are dominantly unlaminated. Concentrations of DO may have the dominant effect on organic matter characteristics, but reworking of fine-grained sediment and organic matter by strong bottom currents with velocities as high as 30 centimeters per second (cm/s) on the slope between 150 and 300 m and redeposition on the seafloor in areas of lower energy and higher DO concentration also exert important controls on OC concentration and degree of oxidation in this region.
Phosphate-rich sediments and crusts occurred at depths of about 300 to 550 m on both transects. Nodular crusts of sediment cemented by carbonate-fluorapatite (CFA; phosphorite) or dolomite form within the OMZ. These phosphorite crusts evolve through cementation from light olive-green, stiff but friable, phosphatized claystone “protocrusts” through dense, dark phosphorite crusts, cemented breccias, and pavements. The degree of phosphatization and thickness of the crusts depend on the rates of sediment supply and on the strength and frequency of currents that re-expose crusts on the seafloor. Phosphorite crusts and pavements on the Peru margin can only become buried and incorporated into the geologic record once bottom currents slacken sufficiently to allow fine-grained sediment to accumulate.
Glaucony-rich surface sediments, relatively undiluted by other components, were found mainly in deeper water on the 13.5°S transect (750 m to at least 1,067 m). These sediments consist almost entirely of sand-size glaucony pellets. These widespread glaucony sands formed in place and were then concentrated and reworked by strong currents that winnowed away the fine-grained matrix. Although the glaucony occurs in sand-size pellets, the pellets are made up of aggregates of authigenic, platy, micaceous clay minerals. Glaucony is predominantly a potassium (K), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) aluminosilicate with an approximate formula of (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2. The glaucony on the 13.5°S transect forms by alteration of one or more original “framework” minerals (carbonate and [or] aluminosilicates) to form pellital aggregates of Fe-, K-, and Mg-rich clay minerals. Because Fe, K, and Mg are derived from seawater, sedimentation rates must be extremely slow in order for the original framework minerals to remain in contact with seawater. The close association of glaucony and phosphorite indicates a delicate balance between the slightly oxidizing conditions at the base of the OMZ that form glaucony and the slightly reducing conditions that mobilize iron and phosphate to form phosphorite.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131105","usgsCitation":"Arthur, M.A., and Dean, W.E., 2013, Oceanographic controls on sedimentary and geochemical facies on the Peru outer shelf and upper slope: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1105, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131105.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037568","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131105.gif"},{"id":278243,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1105/"},{"id":278262,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1105/pdf/OF13-1105.pdf"}],"country":"Peru","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,-14 ], [ -81,-10 ], [ -74,-10 ], [ -74,-14 ], [ -81,-14 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52624a68e4b079a99629a0e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, Michael A.","contributorId":90018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048509,"text":"ofr20131248 - 2013 - Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Powerhouse fire, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T17:58:46","indexId":"ofr20131248","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-18T12:36:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1248","title":"Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Powerhouse fire, southern California","docAbstract":"Wildfire dramatically alters the hydrologic response of a watershed such that even modest rainstorms can produce dangerous flash floods and debris flows. Existing empirical models were used to predict the probability and magnitude of debris-flow occurrence in response to a 10-year recurrence interval rainstorm for the 2013 Powerhouse fire near Lancaster, California. Overall, the models predict a relatively low probability for debris-flow occurrence in response to the design storm. However, volumetric predictions suggest that debris flows that occur may entrain a significant volume of material, with 44 of the 73 basins identified as having potential debris-flow volumes between 10,000 and 100,000 cubic meters. These results suggest that even though the likelihood of debris flow is relatively low, the consequences of post-fire debris-flow initiation within the burn area may be significant for downstream populations, infrastructure, and wildlife and water resources. Given these findings, we recommend that residents, emergency managers, and public works departments pay close attention to weather forecasts and National-Weather-Service-issued Debris Flow and Flash Flood Outlooks, Watches, and Warnings and that residents adhere to any evacuation orders.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131248","usgsCitation":"Staley, D.M., Smoczyk, G.M., and Reeves, R.R., 2013, Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Powerhouse fire, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1248, Report: iv, 13 p.; 3 Plates: 22.09 x 30.38 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131248.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; 3 Plates: 22.09 x 30.38 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051194","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131248.gif"},{"id":278238,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1248/"},{"id":278260,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1248/pdf/OFR13-1248_plate2.pdf"},{"id":278261,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1248/pdf/OFR13-1248_plate3.pdf"},{"id":278258,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1248/pdf/OFR13-1248.pdf"},{"id":278259,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1248/pdf/OFR13-1248_plate1.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Lancaster","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.574753,34.574288 ], [ -118.574753,34.769961 ], [ -118.346786,34.769961 ], [ -118.346786,34.574288 ], [ -118.574753,34.574288 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52624a66e4b079a99629a0dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smoczyk, Gregory M. 0000-0002-6591-4060 gsmoczyk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-4060","contributorId":5239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoczyk","given":"Gregory","email":"gsmoczyk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, Ryan R. rreeves@usgs.gov","contributorId":4993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Ryan","email":"rreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048510,"text":"ofr20131249 - 2013 - Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Mountain fire, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:11:32","indexId":"ofr20131249","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-18T12:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1249","title":"Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Mountain fire, southern California","docAbstract":"Wildfire dramatically alters the hydrologic response of a watershed such that even modest rainstorms can produce dangerous flash floods and debris flows. We use empirical models to predict the probability and magnitude of debris flow occurrence in response to a 10-year rainstorm for the 2013 Mountain fire near Palm Springs, California. Overall, the models predict a relatively high probability (60–100 percent) of debris flow for six of the drainage basins in the burn area in response to a 10-year recurrence interval design storm. Volumetric predictions suggest that debris flows that occur may entrain a significant volume of material, with 8 of the 14 basins identified as having potential debris-flow volumes greater than 100,000 cubic meters. These results suggest there is a high likelihood of significant debris-flow hazard within and downstream of the burn area for nearby populations, infrastructure, and wildlife and water resources. Given these findings, we recommend that residents, emergency managers, and public works departments pay close attention to weather forecasts and National Weather Service–issued Debris Flow and Flash Flood Outlooks, Watches and Warnings and that residents adhere to any evacuation orders.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131249","usgsCitation":"Staley, D.M., Gartner, J.E., Smoczyk, G., and Reeves, R.R., 2013, Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards for the 2013 Mountain fire, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1249, Report: iv, 13 p.; 3 Plates: 22.09 x 30.96 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131249.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; 3 Plates: 22.09 x 30.96 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051179","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278239,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1249/"},{"id":278256,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1249/pdf/OFR13-1249_plate3.pdf"},{"id":278257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131249.gif"},{"id":278254,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1249/pdf/OFR13-1249_plate1.pdf"},{"id":278255,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1249/pdf/OFR13-1249_plate2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palm Springs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,33.6 ], [ -116.75,33.883 ], [ -116.5,33.883 ], [ -116.5,33.6 ], [ -116.75,33.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52624a65e4b079a99629a0d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smoczyk, Greg M.","contributorId":23059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoczyk","given":"Greg M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reeves, Ryan R. rreeves@usgs.gov","contributorId":4993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Ryan","email":"rreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}