{"pageNumber":"601","pageRowStart":"15000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":70047461,"text":"70047461 - 1972 - Hydrology of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55926,"text":"ofr69212 - 1969 - Progress report on the hydrology of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania","indexId":"ofr69212","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on the hydrology of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047461,"text":"70047461 - 1972 - Hydrology of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania","indexId":"70047461","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-06T15:37:01","indexId":"70047461","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T15:30:10","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":143,"text":"Water Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"30","title":"Hydrology of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Martinsburg Formation underlies the northern half of Lehigh and Northampton Counties, and is of Middle and LateOrdovician age. It is bounded on the south by older Ordovician limestone formations and on the north by a ridge-forming conglomerate of Silurian age. Recent mapping has supported a three-part division of the Martinsburg into a lower thin-bedded slate {Bushkill Member), a middle graywacke-bearing unit (Ramseyburg Member), and an upper thick-bedded slate (Pen Argyl Member).","language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Poth, C.W., 1972, Hydrology of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania: Water Resource Report 30, iv, 52 p.; Map: 1 Sheet.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p.; Map: 1 Sheet","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047461.PNG"},{"id":276133,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_016318.zip"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Lehigh County;Northampton County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.0,40.5 ], [ -76.0,41.0 ], [ -75.0,41.0 ], [ -75.0,40.5 ], [ -76.0,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52021ae6e4b0e21cafa49c6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poth, Charles W.","contributorId":80168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poth","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039440,"text":"70039440 - 1972 - Channel erosion surveys along proposed TAPS route, Alaska, July 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"70039440","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-18T14:45:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Channel erosion surveys along proposed TAPS route, Alaska, July 1971","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has the threefold responsibility along the proposed route of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS): to investigate possible hydroloqic hazards to the pipeline, to investigate possible impacts of the pipeline on water resources, and to develop a better understanding of Arctic hydrology. Because the proposed pipeline route lies within many stream channels, one of the obvious hydrologic hazards is channel erosion. It was considered a major hazard in a report by Hadley (1969) after a short reconnaissance of the proposed pipeline route and also in a national assessment of water resources by the Water Resources Council (1968). The U.S. Department of Interior has also recognized the channel erosion problems in considering the environmental impacts of TAPS and has stipulated conditions for their control (U.S. Dept. of Interior, 1972a, b). The Alyeska Pipeline Service Company (APSC), who would build and operate TAPS, has described methods for complying with the Department of Interior stipulations for channel and erosion control (APSC, 1971).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039440","usgsCitation":"Childers, J.M., 1972, Channel erosion surveys along proposed TAPS route, Alaska, July 1971, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039440.","productDescription":"79 p.","numberOfPages":"87","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261578,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039440/report.pdf"},{"id":261579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039440/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173,54.666666666666664 ], [ 173,71.83333333333333 ], [ -130,71.83333333333333 ], [ -130,54.666666666666664 ], [ 173,54.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f452e4b0c8380cd4bc79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childers, Joseph M.","contributorId":14379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2075,"text":"wsp1939D - 1972 - Chemical quality of the water in the Tucson basin, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp1939D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1939","chapter":"D","title":"Chemical quality of the water in the Tucson basin, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Tucson basin is a broad mountain-rimmed area of about 1,000 square miles in the Basin and Range physiographic province in southeastern Arizona. The altitude ranges from 2,000 feet in the basin to as much as 8,000 feat in the mountains. The major streams in the area are the Santa Cruz River and its principal tributaries--Cafiada del Oro, Rillito Creek, and Pantano Wash. The climate is semiarid, and the distribution and amount of precipitation vary greatly. The potential evapotranspiration is about four times the average annual precipitation. \r\n\r\nThe streamflow is of excellent chemical quality, although most of the flow occurs during floods and generally has large concentrations of suspended sediment. Because of the erratic occurrence and quantity of streamflow and because of the lack of surface-water storage reservoirs, all the water for municipal, industrial, and agricultural uses is obtained from the many wells that tap the permeable sedimentary deposits, which constitute the principal aquifer in the Tucson basin. \r\n\r\nThe aquifer consists of three sedimentary formations that range in age from middle Tertiary to Quaternary. The aquifer is as much as 2,000 feet thick and is composed mainly of sand, gravel, sandstone, and conglomerate. The upper part of the aquifer is more permeable than the lower part, and most wells obtain water at depths of less than 700 feet below the land surface. \r\n\r\nMost ground water contains less than 500 mg/l (milligrams per liter) of dissolved solids and is of suitable chemical quality for most uses. The water to depths of as much as 700 feet is a calcium sodium bicarbonate type, is hard to moderately hard, and contains less than 1.0 mg/l fluoride. Water at greater depth is a sodium bicarbonate type, is soft, and is of excellent chemical quality; however, water below about 1,0.00 feet may contain fluoride in excess of the maximum allowable limit of 1.4 mg/l for public supply. \r\n\r\nThe ground water of poorest quality for public supply is at shallow depths along the major streams, in the Pantano Formation along the northeast margin of the basin, at depth in gypsiferous mudstone, and along a narrow zone that trends northwestward across the basin. Water from these hydrologic environ- may contain as much as 500 mg/1 dissolved solids an4 in places may contain more than 1,000 mg/1 dissolved solids. \r\n\r\nThe anomalously large concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate, nitrate and sulfate in the ground water along the major streams, where the water table is from 25 to 150 feet below the land surface, are the result of near-surface phenomena. The large concentrations of these ions are derived from solution of relict salts, which were deposited in marshes along the streams prior to about 1900 by infiltrating surface water. In the narrow zone the trends northwestward across the basin, the large concentrations of calcium and sulfate are the result of the solution of limestone and gypsiferous mudstone in the sedimentary rocks in the headwaters area of Pantano Wash. The largest nitrate concentrations occur in the ground water along the Santa Cruz River; the nitrate probably is derived from irrigation return water, decayed vegetation from the marshes that occupied parts of the channel prior to 1900, and sewage effluent. \r\n\r\nAnomalously large concentrations of sodium, sulfate, chloride, and fluoride occur in ground water along the Santa Cruz River near the major faults that displace the older formations. These anomalously large concentrations probably are derived from the upward leakage of deep water that has reacted with the gypsiferous mudstone in the center of the basin and moved along the faults into the near-surface deposits. \r\n\r\nIn the Tucson basin the water is divided into seven chemical types based on the relative amount of four major ions--calcium, sodium, bicarbonate, and sulfate---and the absolute amount of chloride. Most of the water is either a calcium sodium bicarbonate or a sodium bicarbonate type. \r\n\r\nGr","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1939D","usgsCitation":"Laney, R., 1972, Chemical quality of the water in the Tucson basin, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1939, 1 portfolio (iv, 46 p. illus. 5 plates) ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1939D.","productDescription":"1 portfolio (iv, 46 p. illus. 5 plates) ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110054,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25166.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25166"},{"id":138343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27632,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939d/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27633,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939d/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27634,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939d/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27635,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247101,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939d/plate-5.pdf","size":"4732","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e32a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laney, R. L.","contributorId":83889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laney","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22987,"text":"ofr72108 - 1972 - The hydraulic geometry of some Alaskan streams south of the Yukon River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T22:23:45.085047","indexId":"ofr72108","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-108","title":"The hydraulic geometry of some Alaskan streams south of the Yukon River","docAbstract":"<p>Channel geometry surveys were conducted to determine bankfull stage, discharge, and other hydraulic parameters at 22 locations along the proposed route of the trans-Alaska pipeline corridor south of the Yukon River. Combined with the records from gaging stations located at some of the sites, the data are sufficient to describe some of the channel and flow characteristics typical of each of two major hydrologic areas, the Yukon River Region and the South-Central Region. Although each region follows general hydrologic trends, least squares relations indicate each exhibits its own particular deviations.</p><p>Average values of the hydraulic and geometric properties of rivers were used to illustrate their application to practical engineering problems, namely the computation of depth of channel scour and of bedload discharge. For design purposes, caution is recommended when making computations based on average values. In the absence of other data, however, the average data become useful predictive tools.<br><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72108","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Emmett, W.W., 1972, The hydraulic geometry of some Alaskan streams south of the Yukon River: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-108, vi, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72108.","productDescription":"vi, 102 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425670,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0108/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153720,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0108/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon 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William W.","contributorId":68715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23653,"text":"ofr72215 - 1972 - Floods in the summer of 1971 in south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-22T17:06:18.355506","indexId":"ofr72215","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-215","title":"Floods in the summer of 1971 in south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Floods and high water occurred throughout the summer of 1971 in south-central Alaska. Snow cover, 150 percent of average, in the mountains on May 1 caused local snowmelt floods from mid-May to mid-July. The peak discharge of 265,000 cfs (cubic feet per second) on July 15 at Copper River near Chitina was the highest in 22 years of record.</p><p>However, the major flood period was August 8-11. Precipitation totals of 3 to 9 inches during August 5-11 were recorded in an area extending northeastward from Iliamna Lake to Palmer, Talkeetna, and Paxson Lake. The principal flood areas were the upper Copper, Matanuska, Susitna, Chakachatna, and Kvichak River basins. Flooding in the Anchorage area was not severe. Total damage caused by the August flood is estimated to be 8 to 10 million dollars of which 6 million dollars occurred in the Matanuska Valley.</p><p>Extreme floods occurred in the Matanuska Valley. A lake near Sutton on an unnamed tributary to Granite Creek breached its embankment, which released a peak discharge in Granite Creek on August 10 of 58,600 cfs, 23.4 times the probable 50-year flood. Other streams near Sutton, tributary to the Matanuska River, had peak discharges 1.8 to 8.9 times the probable 50-year flood. The Matanuska River at Palmer had a peak discharge of 82,100 cfs, 1.2 times the probable 50-year flood. Downstream near Bodenburg Butte, an area was inundated when the Matanuska River overtopped a dike. Another extreme flood occurred at the Chakachatna River near Tyonek on August 11 where the peak discharge was estimated to be 470,000 cfs. The peak was caused by lateral erosion of a channel constriction formed by Barrier Glacier at the outlet of Chakachamna Lake.</p><p>Hydrologic data for planning, discussions of antecedent conditions, and meteorology along with a description of the floods and flood damage are included. Tables of storm precipitation, peak discharge data, sediment data, and discharge for the June-August period are also included.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72215","usgsCitation":"Lamke, R.D., 1972, Floods in the summer of 1971 in south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-215, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72215.","productDescription":"88 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0215/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":423801,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0215/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"south-central 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Robert D.","contributorId":24764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamke","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2142,"text":"wsp1988 - 1972 - Definitions of selected ground-water terms, revisions and conceptual refinements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T10:52:28","indexId":"wsp1988","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1988","title":"Definitions of selected ground-water terms, revisions and conceptual refinements","docAbstract":"<p>For many years there has been a need for redefinition or more precise definition of certain ground-water terms used in publications by members of the U.S . Geological Survey. Another problem has been the expression of the coefficient of permeability (herein redefined as <i>hydraulic conductivity</i>) and the coefficient of transmissibility (herein redefined as <i>transmissivity</i>) in inconsistent units that included the U.S . gallon, the foot, and in some expressions, the mile. Such inconsistent units and the attendant confusing numerical conversion factors used in flow equations, such as 527.7, 264, and 114.6, makes it unnecessarily difficult for hydrologists, especially in foreign countries, to follow and use our published results. Because of this it is advisable that basic ground-water flow equations in publications by members of the Geological Survey contain only the pure dimensionless numbers that result from the derivation of the equations, such as 2, 2.30, e, <span class=\"selflink\"><span class=\"texhtml\">&pi;</span></span>&nbsp;, and 4, and that numerical results having dimensions should be expressed in consistent units of measurement.</p>\n<p>If in the solution of problems it is necessary or desirable to use inconsistent units, suitable conversion factors should be included so that the result is expressed in consistent units of length and time. For example, if a discharge rate is given in U.S. gallons per minute, conversion factors such as 7.48 gal ft<sup>-3</sup> and 1,440 min day<sup>-1</sup> should be included. Many hydrologists in English-speaking countries including the United States are already using consistent units in the fps, cgs, or mks systems of measurement.</p>\n<p>To meet the growing need for consistency, J. T. Callahan, then acting chief, Ground Water Branch, in a memoradum of October 21, 1965, appointed the Committee on Redefinition of Ground-Water Terms.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1988","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S.W., 1972, Definitions of selected ground-water terms, revisions and conceptual refinements: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1988, vi, 21 p. ;22 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1988.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p. ;22 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wsp1988.GIF"},{"id":23,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wsp1988/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67248b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, Stanley William","contributorId":53361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":65,"text":"wsp1889 - 1972 - Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":57741,"text":"ofr68344 - 1968 - Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, Montana","indexId":"ofr68344","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":65,"text":"wsp1889 - 1972 - Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water","indexId":"wsp1889","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T22:02:07.313984","indexId":"wsp1889","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1889","title":"Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water","docAbstract":"The Bitterroot Valley is a Late Cretaceous structural basin that was partly filled at its deepest point by more than 1,640 feet of Tertiary sediments. These sediments grade valleyward from coarse colluvial deposits along the edges of the valley to fine-grained deposits and then to coarse channel deposits of the ancestral Bitterroot River near the center of the valley. Beneath the flood plain and low terraces of the present Bitterroot River, about 40 feet of Quaternary alluvium overlies the Tertiary sediments. \n\nEach spring and summer, at rates greatly exceeding discharge, water infiltrates to the ground-water reservoir in the Tertiary and Quaternary rocks. During the fall and winter, water is released from storage. Net recharge in the spring of 1958 and 1959 was about 90,000 and 82,000 acre-feet, relatively. Net discharge during the rest of each year was about 90,000 and 76,000 acre-feet, respectively. \n\nSome surface water available for recharge during high runoff each rejected. During the 1958 and 1959 water years, total surface-water inflow about 1.7 million and 2.0 million acre-feet, respectively. Consumptive use during these water years was about 450,000 and' 400,000 acre-feet, respectively. Move pumping from the ground-water reservoir would provide additional storage space for peak runoff and would increase the potential consumptive use in the valley. \n\nAdditional wells, capable of yielding more than 250 gpm (gallons per minute), can be constructed on the flood plain of the Bitterroot River and on some of the adjacent low terraces, especially those east of the river. Near Corvallis, on a low terrace, wells capable of yielding 1,000 gpm or more can be constructed. Wells capable of yielding 50 to 250 gpm can be constructed on many of the alluvial fans of the tributary streams. In the remaining area, wells will generally yield only enough water for domestic and stock use. \n\nFrom the hydrologic standpoint, the best use of ground water for irrigation is conjunctive use with surface water. Surface water is adequate early in the season and can be distributed throughout the area. As shortages occur, ground water can be used in areas where it is available in sufficient quantity, allowing the surface water to be used in areas of shortage where ground water is not available.\n\nWater in the Bitterroot Valley is of satisfactory chemical quality for domestic, stock, municipal, and most industrial uses. Surface water is softer, as a rule, and contains less dissolved solids than the ground water. Streams heading in the Sapphire Mountains are more mineralized than those heading in the Bitterroot Mountains. Bitterroot River water in October 1955 was about twice as mineralized at Florence, near the outlet of the valley, as it was at Darby, near the inlet, but the difference is not significant in relation to .the usefulness of the water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1889","usgsCitation":"McMurtrey, R.G., Konizeski, R.L., Johnson, M.V., Bartells, J.H., and Swenson, H.A., 1972, Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1889, Report: vi, 80 p.; 1 Plate: 23.00 x 29.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1889.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 80 p.; 1 Plate: 23.00 x 29.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":24695,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1889/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24694,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1889/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1889/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":110029,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25107.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25107"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Bitterroot Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.25,\n              46.662\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.25,\n              45.966\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.892,\n              45.966\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.892,\n              46.662\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.25,\n              46.662\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMurtrey, R. G.","contributorId":36913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMurtrey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konizeski, Richard L.","contributorId":80248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konizeski","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, M. V.","contributorId":95476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartells, John H.","contributorId":54240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartells","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swenson, H. A.","contributorId":58618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":2510,"text":"wsp2009B - 1972 - Hydrologic interpretations based on infrared imagery of Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:27","indexId":"wsp2009B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrologic interpretations based on infrared imagery of Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Six remote-sensing flights over Long Island's north and south shores were made during the period July 13, 1967, to February 25, 1970. Infrared imagery in the 8- to 14-micrometer range was obtained; results varied from poor to excellent in quality. \r\n\r\nThe ability of the RS 7 and Reconofax IV imagers to discern thermal contrasts of as little .as 1 ? to 2?C (Celsius) permitted identification of areas of heavy ground-water discharge. These areas were concentrated primarily along the eroded headlands of the north shore and in the lower reaches of watercourses draining into Great South Bay. Only a few highly localized examples of direct ground-water discharge into the embankments ,along Long Island's south shore were detected in the imagery. \r\n\r\nThermal loading emanating from a powerplant near Oceanside is shown to be quickly dissipated in Middle Bay. Specific examples show that infrared imagery may ,also be used to identify circulation patterns, ice cover, changes in stream-temperature regimen, and the location of sewer outfalls. Optimal time for the collection of infrared imagery for hydrologic studies on Long Island is in summer and in winter, when surface-water thermal differences are relatively large.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2009B","usgsCitation":"Pluhowski, E.J., 1972, Hydrologic interpretations based on infrared imagery of Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2009, iv B 1-B 20 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2009B.","productDescription":"iv B 1-B 20 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2009b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28663,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2009b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606a7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pluhowski, Edward J.","contributorId":87911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pluhowski","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":7225,"text":"ofr7255 - 1972 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Mountain Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1972","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T15:17:19","indexId":"ofr7255","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-55","title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Mountain Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1972","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7255","usgsCitation":"Buckner, H., 1972, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Mountain Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1972: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-55, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7255.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":140682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bbd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckner, H.D.","contributorId":49783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckner","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1382,"text":"wsp1532G - 1972 - Hydrology and effects of conservation structures, Willow Creek basin, Valley County, Montana, 1954-68","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp1532G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1532","chapter":"G","title":"Hydrology and effects of conservation structures, Willow Creek basin, Valley County, Montana, 1954-68","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1532G","usgsCitation":"Frickel, D.G., 1972, Hydrology and effects of conservation structures, Willow Creek basin, Valley County, Montana, 1954-68: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1532, iv, G1-G34 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1532G.","productDescription":"iv, G1-G34 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26485,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60516a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frickel, Donald G.","contributorId":23524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frickel","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5907,"text":"pp686A - 1972 - Comparison of evaporation computation methods, Pretty Lake, Lagrange County, northeastern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T12:31:18","indexId":"pp686A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"686","chapter":"A","title":"Comparison of evaporation computation methods, Pretty Lake, Lagrange County, northeastern Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Evaporation from Pretty Lake has been computed for a 2%- year period between 1963 and 1965 by the use of an energy budget, mass-transfer parameters, a water budget, a class-A pan, and a computed pan evaporation technique. The seasonal totals for the different methods are within 8 percent of their mean and are within 11 percent of the rate of 79 centimeters (31 inches) per year determined from published maps that are based on evaporation-pan data. Period-by-period differences among the methods are larger than the annual differences, but there is a general agreement among the evaporation hydrographs produced by the different computation methods.</p>\n<p>The energy budget was an excellent means of computing unbiased evaporation data for periods of a month or longer from June through September. It is not reliable in the springtime, when Bowen ratios are large and when the large changes in stored energy may be hard to measure accurately owing to errors in the capacity table. The need for sophisticated equipment, frequent temperature surveys, and complex computations makes the energy budget the most expensive of the several methods used. Effective use was made of the Koberg method in estimating long-wave radiation when accurate instrument records were not available. Effects of sediment heating and cooling were computed to have influenced evaporation as much as 0.03 cm day\" 1 (centimeters per day) just after the autumnal overturn. The change is significant during the fall, when the evaporation for Pretty Lake is low, and would be more significant in a shallow lake, where the heat storage by the sediment would be large in proportion to the storage by the water.</p>\n<p>The corrected fall in stage computed by the water-budget method agreed well with the evaporation rates computed by other methods during the dryer seasons. Decreased rates of fall in stage during the wet seasons indicated net inflow seepage that was estimated to be equivalent to a stage change of more than 0.2 cm day\" 1 at some times.</p>\n<p>Evaporation data based upon class-A pan records and computed pan evaporation were too large early in the season and too small late in the season. The differences were caused by energy storage, which affected the lake evaporation as energy was stored in the spring and released late in the season. Energy-storage effects can be corrected, but the corrections require some of the same expensive data that were used in the energy budget. The mass-transfer system proved to be an effective low-cost means of computing evaporation, a means that is well suited to low evaporation rates.</p>\n<p>The mass-transfer coefficient was determined to be 0.00560 cm hr day- 1 mile\" 1 mb\" 1 (centimeter per day per millibar per mile/hour), the relative standard error of the energy-budget calibration being about 6 percent. Springtime and autumn evaporation rates computed by the mass-transfer method were slightly higher than rates computed by other methods, and summer rates from mass-transfer computations were slightly lower than rates computed by other methods. Anemometer stalling is believed to have caused unreliable mass-transfer evaporation data during two periods having very low wind velocities.</p>\n<p>Assuming that Pretty Lake is typical of the many small natural lakes in its region, it is concluded that in most cases the evaporation information needed for hydrologic studies can be provided with satisfactory accuracy by a combination of the mass-transfer method and one or two other methods, without the expense of a complex energy-budget study.</p>\n<p>The different methods, although poor, agree that evaporation when there is ice cover is generally small (less than 0.1 cm day\" 1 ), but the evaporation rates during the few days just before freezeup or just after ice breakup are significant</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp686A","usgsCitation":"Ficke, J.F., 1972, Comparison of evaporation computation methods, Pretty Lake, Lagrange County, northeastern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 686, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp686A.","productDescription":"48 p.","startPage":"A1","endPage":"A49","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0686a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32790,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0686a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Lagrange","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.2913,41.7606],[-85.2212,41.7607],[-85.1978,41.7605],[-85.1964,41.7019],[-85.1956,41.6134],[-85.1947,41.5276],[-85.3089,41.5269],[-85.4242,41.527],[-85.5401,41.5256],[-85.6554,41.5251],[-85.6575,41.6122],[-85.6589,41.699],[-85.6606,41.7608],[-85.5763,41.7603],[-85.2913,41.7606]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lagrange\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ficke, John F.","contributorId":86750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ficke","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23460,"text":"ofr72191 - 1972 - Radiochemical analyses of surface water from U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic bench-mark stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-04T11:41:15","indexId":"ofr72191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-191","title":"Radiochemical analyses of surface water from U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic bench-mark stations","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey's program for collecting and analyzing surface-water samples for radiochemical constituents at hydrologic bench-mark stations is described. Analytical methods used during the study are described briefly and data obtained from 55 of the network stations in the United States during the period from 1967 to 1971 are given in tabular form.</p><p>Concentration values are reported for dissolved uranium, radium, gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity. Values are also given for suspended gross alpha radioactivity in terms of natural uranium. Suspended gross beta radioactivity is expressed both as the equilibrium mixture of strontium-90/yttrium-90 and as cesium-137.</p><p>Other physical parameters reported which describe the samples include the concentrations of dissolved and suspended solids, the water temperature and stream discharge at the time of the sample collection.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72191","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Janzer, V., and Saindon, L., 1972, Radiochemical analyses of surface water from U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic bench-mark stations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-191, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72191.","productDescription":"41 p.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0191/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":113005,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0191/report.pdf","size":"1482","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649c73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janzer, V.J.","contributorId":31777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janzer","given":"V.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saindon, L.G.","contributorId":103281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saindon","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12783,"text":"ofr7249 - 1972 - Geology and hydrology of the Carlsbad potash area, Eddy and Lea Counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-02T19:26:33.600758","indexId":"ofr7249","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-49","title":"Geology and hydrology of the Carlsbad potash area, Eddy and Lea Counties, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7249","usgsCitation":"Brokaw, A.L., 1972, Geology and hydrology of the Carlsbad potash area, Eddy and Lea Counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-49, Report: vi, 86 p.; 8 Figures: 34.79 x 16.69 inches or smaller; 1 Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7249.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 86 p.; 8 Figures: 34.79 x 16.69 inches or smaller; 1 Table","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":112962,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0049/plate-figure_04_a.pdf","text":"Figure 4A","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":112963,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0049/plate-figure_05.pdf","text":"Figure 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":112964,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0049/plate-figure_07.pdf","text":"Figure 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":112965,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0049/plate-figure_10.pdf","text":"Figure 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":112966,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0049/plate-figure_12.pdf","text":"Figure 12","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":112967,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0049/plate-figure_16.pdf","text":"Figure 16","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":112968,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0049/plate-figure_17.pdf","text":"Figure 17","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":112961,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0049/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144794,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0049/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":464637,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8737.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":112969,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0049/plate-figure_18.pdf","text":"Figure 18","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":112970,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0049/plate-table_3.pdf","text":"Table 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Eddy County, Lea County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -103,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -103,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              33\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brokaw, Arnold Leslie","contributorId":11205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brokaw","given":"Arnold","email":"","middleInitial":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":939,"text":"wsp1973 - 1972 - Availability of water in Kalamazoo County, southwestern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-26T13:54:14","indexId":"wsp1973","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1973","title":"Availability of water in Kalamazoo County, southwestern Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Kalamazoo County comprises an area of 572 square miles in the southwestern part of Michigan. It includes parts of the Kalamazoo, St. Joseph, and Paw Paw River basins, which drain into Lake Michigan. The northern two-thirds of the county is drained by the Kalamazoo River and its tributaries. A small area in the western piart of the county is drained by the Paw Paw River, and the rest, by tributaries of the St. Joseph River. Glacial deposits, containing sand and gravel, form an upper aquifer and a lower aquifer underlying large parts of the county. Areas of high transmissibility and thick saturated deposits are sufficiently localized to be considered as separate ground-water reservoirs having limited areal extent and definite hydrologic boundaries. </p><p>Ground-water runoff from the basins constitutes a large part of the streamflow. Hydrograph separation shows that ground-water runoff composed 65 and 73 percent of the discharge of Kalamazoo River at Comstock and 75 and 79 percent of the discharge of Portage River near Vicksburg in 1965 and 1966, respectively. Based on the hydrologic budgets for the same years, ground-water recharge was 9.1 and 9.0 inches in the Kalamazoo River basin and 12.2 and 11.6 inches in the St. Joseph River basin. </p><p>Ground-water recharge in the Kalamazoo River basin extrapolated for the 34-year period 1933-66 ranged from 4 to 13 inches and averaged 9 inches. In the St. Joseph River basin average recharge was about 9 inches for the same period. </p><p>There is a wide range in runoff in the county. Augusta Creek, Portage Creek near Kalamazoo, and Gourdneck Creek have the highest annual runoff and maintain high yields even during periods of deficient precipitation. Spring Brook also reflects large ground-water contributions to streamflow. Storage in these basins could provide additional water during low flows for municipal and industrial needs. </p><p>The primary use of lakes in the county is for recreational and esthetic purposes. Maintaining lake levels is therefore of the utmost importance. Levels at Crooked and Eagle Lakes have been maintained by pumping from lower aquifers. Diversion of water from Gourdneck Creek to West and Austin Lakes has helped in maintaining levels. Several relatively undeveloped lakes could be utilized as reservoirs whose storage could be used to augment streamflow or for water supply.</p><p>Water in streams is generally of good chemical quality; however, several streams, including the Kalamazoo River downstream from Kalamazoo, have been degraded by municipal and industrial waste disposal. Water in the lakes is generally of good chemical quality with the exception of Barton Lake, which has been degraded by waste disposal. </p><p>There is sufficient surface water available in Kalamazoo County to meet requirements for development of large quantities of water. The total available supply (average discharge of a stream) is about 680 mgd (million gallons per day). The dependable supply (7-day <i>Q</i><sub>2</sub>, or average 7-day low flow having a recurrence interval of 2 years) is about 303 mgd. By developing artificial recharge facilities, surface runoff during winter and spring could be utilized to recharge ground-water reservoirs. </p><p>Surface-water withdrawal in 1966 was about 58 mgd, of which 33 mgd was withdrawn from the Kalamazoo River. The quantity of water now being withdrawn from the ground and surface sources is small compared to the total that may be obtained in the area through full utilization of these resources. </p><p>Mathematical models were used to simulate hydrologic conditions in the ground-water reservoirs and to evaluate maximum drawdowns for periods of little or no recharge. The practical limits of development as determined for the ground-water reservoirs are estimated to be at the following average withdrawal rates: Kalamazoo, 39 .mgd; Schoolcraft, 17 mgd; Kalamazoo-Portage, 24 mgd; and several small reservoirs, 67 mgd. These total 147 mgd. Further development would require additional artificial recharge facilities. </p><p>Average ground-water withdrawal in 1966 was about 54 mgd. The Kalamazoo River ground-water reservoir furnished about 28 mgd, the Kalamazoo-Portage ground-water reservoir, about 21 mgd, and the other reservoirs, about 5 mgd. Thus, further development without artificial recharge is estimated to be about 11 mgd in the Kalamazoo River reservoir, 17 mgd in the Schoolcraft reservoir, 62 mgd in the several small reservoirs, and only 3 mgd in the Kalamazoo-Portage reservoir.</p><p>The ground water is generally of good chemical quality and is suitable for most uses; however, it is Usually very hard and may contain objectionable amounts of iron. Some deterioration of water quality- has .been observed in several areas because of seepage from stockpiles of industrial minerals. </p><p>The presence of many inland lakes, streams having high ground-water runoff, and, in places, relatively undeveloped ground-water reservoirs provides -flexibility in water management. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1973","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Kalamazoo County and the State of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Allen, W.B., Miller, J.B., and Wood, W., 1972, Availability of water in Kalamazoo County, southwestern Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1973, Document: vii, 129 p.; 9 Plates: 30.50 x 40.85 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1973.","productDescription":"Document: vii, 129 p.; 9 Plates: 30.50 x 40.85 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25416,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25417,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25418,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25419,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25420,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25421,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25422,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25423,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25424,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94694,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/report.pdf","size":"9491","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Kalamazoo County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5421,42.4195],[-85.5328,42.4194],[-85.4172,42.4199],[-85.3091,42.4185],[-85.2979,42.4188],[-85.2969,42.3361],[-85.297,42.3298],[-85.2967,42.2721],[-85.296,42.2448],[-85.295,42.159],[-85.2928,42.0717],[-85.4102,42.0714],[-85.5301,42.0714],[-85.6427,42.0704],[-85.7638,42.0698],[-85.7654,42.157],[-85.7663,42.4196],[-85.5421,42.4195]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kalamazoo\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, William Burrows","contributorId":13596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Burrows","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, John B.","contributorId":37304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":142890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1786,"text":"wsp1999I - 1972 - Water for cranberry culture in the Cranmoor area of central Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-02T13:26:50","indexId":"wsp1999I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","chapter":"I","title":"Water for cranberry culture in the Cranmoor area of central Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>The Cranmoor area of central Wisconsin is the principal cranberry producing area of the State. Cranberries are grown in only about 2.5 square miles of an 80-square-mile marsh and swamp in the Cranberry Creek basin. Cranberry growers have built reservoirs and ditches throughout 25 square miles of marsh for better management of the area's natural water supply. Additional water is diverted into the basin to supplement the cranberry needs. In the 1966-67 hydrologic budget for Cranberry Creek basin, annual inputs were 27.8 inches of precipitation, 3.8 inches of surface-water diversion into the basin, and 1.1 inches decrease in stored water. Annual outputs were. 20.8 inches of evapotranspiration, 11.7 inches of runoff, and 0.2 inch of groundwater outflow. During the 1966-67 period, precipitation averaged about 3 inches per year below normal. The water used for cranberry culture is almost exclusively surface water. Efficient management of the basin's water supply, plus intermittent diversions of about 100 cubic feet per second from outside the basin, provide cranberry growers with a sufficient quantity of water. Although the quantity of surface water is adequate, the pH (generally 5.7-6.7) is slightly high for optimum use. Dissolved oxygen is slightly low, generally between 4 and 10 milligrams per liter. The water is soft; iron and manganese contents vary seasonally, being high in winter and summer and low in spring. Additional supplies of surface water can be obtained by increasing diversions from outside the basin and by increasing reservoir capacity within the basin. Ground water, although not presently used for cranberries, is available in the central, southern, and eastern parts of the basin, where the thickness of the saturated alluvium exceeds 50 feet. Well yields in these areas might be as much as 1,000 gpm (gallons per minute). Additionally, well yields of as much as 1,000 gpm may be expected from saturated alluvium southeast of Cranberry Creek basin. Where saturated alluvium is less than 50 feet thick, in the northern and western parts of the basin, well yields generally are less than 50 gpm. Ground water is also available from sandstone in the western part of the basin. Where the sandstone is thickest (about 60 ft.), well yields may be as much as 200 gpm. The quality of ground water is similar to that of surface water. The pH of water from the shallow alluvium ranges between 6.0 and 6,6; the pH of water from the deep alluvium is about 7.0. Ground water is soft to moderately hard, 22 to 88 milligrams per liter, and contains excessive amounts of iron and manganese.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1999I","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with University Extension-the University of Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, L.J., 1972, Water for cranberry culture in the Cranmoor area of central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1999, Report: iii, 20 p.; 2 Plates: 34.50 x 24.00 inches and 17.00 x 27.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1999I.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 20 p.; 2 Plates: 34.50 x 24.00 inches and 17.00 x 27.00 inches","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999i/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26922,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999i/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26923,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26921,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999i/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Cranmoor","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.3131103515625,\n              44.50825885600572\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.450439453125,\n              44.308126684886126\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3570556640625,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.164794921875,\n              44.07969327425713\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.02197265625,\n              44.24126379833979\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9615478515625,\n              44.296332880058706\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9176025390625,\n              44.37098696297173\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.945068359375,\n              44.46123053905882\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.0164794921875,\n              44.53175879707938\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.142822265625,\n              44.57873024377564\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3131103515625,\n              44.50825885600572\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d1e4b07f02db547e08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Louis J.","contributorId":53768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15871,"text":"ofr72344 - 1972 - Brief description as of April, 1968, of the geology and hydrology of the Lake Minnequa area, Pueblo, Colorado, and suggested solutions for trouble caused by a high water table","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T10:08:57","indexId":"ofr72344","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-344","title":"Brief description as of April, 1968, of the geology and hydrology of the Lake Minnequa area, Pueblo, Colorado, and suggested solutions for trouble caused by a high water table","docAbstract":"<p>Lake Minnequa lies in a poorly drained broad upland buried valley west of the valley of Salt Creek. Immediately north of Lake Minnequa the buried valley is sharply constricted in sees. 11 and 12, T. 21 S., R. 65 W., where it is entrenched in a buried ridge of bedrock (see geologic map). &nbsp;The bedrock throughout the buried valley is composed of calcareous shale, limestone, and chalk of the Smoky Hill Shale Member of the Niobrara Formation. &nbsp;These beds are relatively impermeable to the flow of ground water, but contribute large quantities of sodium sulfate to both the surface and ground water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72344","usgsCitation":"Scott, G.R., 1972, Brief description as of April, 1968, of the geology and hydrology of the Lake Minnequa area, Pueblo, Colorado, and suggested solutions for trouble caused by a high water table: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-344, Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 7.5 x 10.4 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72344.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 7.5 x 10.4 inches","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr72344.jpg"},{"id":310243,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0344/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310244,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0344/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Pueblo","otherGeospatial":"Lake Minnequa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.64434623718262,\n              38.21336707443815\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.64434623718262,\n              38.247617642702096\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.60589408874512,\n              38.247617642702096\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.60589408874512,\n              38.21336707443815\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.64434623718262,\n              38.21336707443815\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb3ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Glenn R.","contributorId":102046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23465,"text":"ofr72192 - 1972 - Stream depletion factors, Arkansas River valley, southeastern Colorado; A basis for evaluating plans for conjunctive use of ground and surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-06T13:25:21","indexId":"ofr72192","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-192","title":"Stream depletion factors, Arkansas River valley, southeastern Colorado; A basis for evaluating plans for conjunctive use of ground and surface water","docAbstract":"<p>The Arkansas River valley is a stream-aquifer system that consists of the Arkansas River and the associated valley-fill deposits. The hydrology, geology, and water-resources development in the valley have been described by Moore and Wood (1967). The history of delivery of irrigation water by canals indicates that the supply has been inadequate during some seasons and some years. The shortage can be reduced by carefully designed conjunctive use of ground and surface water. An analog model of the Arkansas River valley in Colorado was constructed to facilitate such designs (Moore and Wood, 1967).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72192","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, C., and Taylor, O., 1972, Stream depletion factors, Arkansas River valley, southeastern Colorado; A basis for evaluating plans for conjunctive use of ground and surface water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-192, Report: ii, 8 p.; 4 Plates: 40.92 x 22.26 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72192.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 8 p.; 4 Plates: 40.92 x 22.26 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52776,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0192/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0192/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52777,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0192/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52778,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0192/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52779,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0192/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52780,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0192/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.7445,37.6428],[-103.0766,37.6417],[-103.183,37.6424],[-103.2917,37.6426],[-103.4039,37.6423],[-103.5092,37.6432],[-103.5778,37.6432],[-103.6016,37.6437],[-103.8109,37.644],[-103.8929,37.644],[-103.9661,37.6439],[-104.0591,37.6436],[-104.0597,37.7316],[-104.3518,37.8148],[-104.3889,37.8248],[-104.4978,37.8556],[-104.6074,37.886],[-104.6527,37.8982],[-104.7175,37.8949],[-104.9375,37.8834],[-104.9545,37.8822],[-104.9737,37.881],[-105.0017,37.8794],[-105.0041,37.8794],[-105.0093,37.879],[-105.0122,37.8799],[-105.0209,37.8859],[-105.0313,37.8919],[-105.0295,37.8964],[-105.03,37.9],[-105.0346,37.9055],[-105.0468,37.9115],[-105.0474,37.9967],[-105.0481,38.0855],[-105.0481,38.173],[-105.0483,38.202],[-105.0487,38.2582],[-104.9391,38.2587],[-104.9402,38.3448],[-104.9392,38.4178],[-104.939,38.43],[-104.9397,38.5003],[-104.9427,38.5003],[-104.943,38.5175],[-104.8295,38.5183],[-104.736,38.5183],[-104.7171,38.5186],[-104.6071,38.5187],[-104.4971,38.5192],[-104.3759,38.52],[-104.2836,38.5201],[-104.2794,38.5205],[-104.2759,38.5204],[-104.1629,38.5215],[-104.054,38.523],[-103.9411,38.523],[-103.8328,38.523],[-103.7228,38.5223],[-103.6116,38.5225],[-103.6118,38.5171],[-103.5089,38.5159],[-103.508,38.4366],[-103.5066,38.3409],[-103.5019,38.3408],[-103.5004,38.2646],[-103.3972,38.2647],[-103.2787,38.2649],[-103.1691,38.2647],[-103.0571,38.2647],[-102.741,38.2654],[-102.6154,38.2661],[-102.5075,38.2662],[-102.396,38.2662],[-102.2858,38.2665],[-102.1749,38.2668],[-102.0443,38.2676],[-102.0443,38.2627],[-102.0432,37.7384],[-102.043,37.6429],[-102.089,37.643],[-102.199,37.6429],[-102.3071,37.6435],[-102.4182,37.6432],[-102.5281,37.6432],[-102.6363,37.6435],[-102.7445,37.6428]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bent\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a52cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, C.T.","contributorId":106099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, O.J.","contributorId":71584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"O.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3571,"text":"cir674 - 1972 - Geologic and hydrologic maps for land-use planning in the Connecticut Valley with examples from the folio for the Hartford Quadrangle, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-18T22:06:04","indexId":"cir674","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"674","title":"Geologic and hydrologic maps for land-use planning in the Connecticut Valley with examples from the folio for the Hartford Quadrangle, Connecticut","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir674","usgsCitation":"Pessl, F., Langer, W.H., and Ryder, R.B., 1972, Geologic and hydrologic maps for land-use planning in the Connecticut Valley with examples from the folio for the Hartford Quadrangle, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 674, 12 p. :illus. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir674.","productDescription":"12 p. :illus. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30599,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0674/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0674/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a81a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pessl, Fred","contributorId":100826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pessl","given":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":147174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryder, Robert B. rryder@usgs.gov","contributorId":68294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert","email":"rryder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":950,"text":"wsp1939C - 1972 - Electrical-analog analysis of the hydrologic system, Tucson basin, southeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1939C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1939","chapter":"C","title":"Electrical-analog analysis of the hydrologic system, Tucson basin, southeastern Arizona","docAbstract":"The water supply for the Tucson basin, Arizona, is derived entirely from ground water. The average annual pumpage for 1962-64 was about 165,000 acre-feet and was greater than the natural rate of ground-water recharge. Water-level declines of as much as 70 feet occurred from spring 1940 to spring 1965 as a result of the overdraft. \r\n\r\nAn electrical-analog model of the hydrologic system was constructed to provide a tool for determining the possible future effects of ground-water management schemes. Basic data required for the simulation of the hydrologic system in the model included periodic water-level measurements, determinations of transmissibility, and pumpage and recharge values. The model was analyzed using steady-state and storage-depletion techniques. The steady state analysis served to determine the average annual recharge to the hydrologic system and to verify the pattern of transmissibility. The steady-state analysis indicated that 97,000 acre-feet of water was entering and leaving the ground-water reservoir annually prior to extensive development. The storage-depletion analysis for 1940-64 was made to verify that the model was a valid analog of the hydrologic system and, therefore, could be used for the prediction of future water-level conditions. The storage-depletion analysis indicated areas where some of the basic-data values and (or) the conceptual design of the hydrologic system used in the model were in error. After all the hydrologic variables simulated in the model had been adjusted, the analog model reasonably simulated the historical field data. Based on the assumption that pumpage and recharge would continue at existing rates and locations, the model was then used to predict water-level conditions in spring 1985. The results of the projection indicate a maximum water-level decline of 140 feet for 1940-84. The predicted overall shapes of the cones of depression will remain about the same as in the historical period, except that a large amount of lateral development will take place in all the cones.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1939C","usgsCitation":"Anderson, T.W., 1972, Electrical-analog analysis of the hydrologic system, Tucson basin, southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1939, 1 portfolio (iv, p. illus.) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1939C.","productDescription":"1 portfolio (iv, p. illus.) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110053,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25165.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25165"},{"id":138058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25455,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25456,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25457,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939c/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25458,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939c/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25459,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939c/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25460,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939c/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25461,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db606096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, T. W.","contributorId":105686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1169,"text":"wsp1968 - 1972 - The hydrology of four streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":22746,"text":"ofr7273 - 1972 - Hydrology of four streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species; Part II, Humptulips, Elochoman, Gereen, and Wynoochee Rivers","indexId":"ofr7273","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of four streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species; Part II, Humptulips, Elochoman, Gereen, and Wynoochee Rivers"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1169,"text":"wsp1968 - 1972 - The hydrology of four streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species","indexId":"wsp1968","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"The hydrology of four streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1968","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1968","title":"The hydrology of four streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species","docAbstract":"Enhancement-or possibly even preservation-of the Pacific salmon hinges on the careful planning and proper management of the streamflow upon which they depend for spawning. Most spawning activity occurs on reaches of streams where specific hydraulic conditions exist and where stream-channel characteristics and water-quality criteria are met. The present report is the first of a series and is used to present the method of determining preferred spawning conditions and results of the investigation of 129 measurements on 14 study reaches of the Dewatto, Cedar, Kalama, and North 'Fork Nooksack Rivers. Subsequent reports, using the same method will present analyses and preferred spawning and rearing discharges for other streams used by salmon. The method consists of measuring water depth and velocities to designate, from area-(spawnable) discharge curves, peak, preferred spawning discharges for fall chinook, spring chinook, sockeye, and coho salmon at each reach on each river. Also, streambed gravels, water temperature, suspended sediment, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance are used to help evaluate river conditions during spawning. \r\n\r\nIn examining the repeatability of the method, tested by analyzing independently each of selected pairs of adjacent reaches on the Cedar River, it was found that the preferred peak discharges from the comparisons varied 4.6 percent for the average of four species and two pairs of reaches. Peak spawning discharges ranged, for the four salmon species on each of the three study reaches of each river, from 50 to 140 cfs (cubic feet per second) on Dewatto River, from 230 to 510 cfs on Cedar River, from 245 to 800 cfs on Kalama River, and from 195 to 710 cfs on North Fork Nooksack River. The results indicate that the methods used and the probable discharge values determined are reasonable and, if economically justified, may be used to select discharges, for salmon spawning and rearing.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1968","usgsCitation":"Collings, M.R., Smith, R.W., and Higgins, G., 1972, The hydrology of four streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon species: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1968, viii, 109 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1968.","productDescription":"viii, 109 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1968/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26004,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1968/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d866","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collings, Michael R.","contributorId":48570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collings","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Ronald W.","contributorId":50036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higgins, G.T.","contributorId":52971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1131,"text":"wsp1880A - 1972 - Floods of August 1967 in east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-02T18:25:42.243603","indexId":"wsp1880A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1880","chapter":"A","title":"Floods of August 1967 in east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"East-central Alaska had record floods near Fairbanks following extensive rains of August 8-20, 1967. Precipitation during this period totaled as much as 10 inches, which is close to the average annual precipitation for this area. \r\n\r\nThe most extensive flooding occurred in the White Mountains northeast of Fairbanks and along the major streams draining those mountains. Some of the major streams flooded were the Salcha, Chena, Chatanika, Tolovana, and lower Tanana Rivers, and Birch Creek west of Circle. \r\n\r\nPeak discharges on some streams in the flood area were from two to four times the probable 50-year flood. The peak discharge of 74,400 cubic feet per second of the Chena River at Fairbanks, from 1,980 square miles of drainage area, was 2.6 times the 50-year flood. \r\n\r\nThe rise of ground-water levels in the Tanana River flood plain to the land surface during the flood caused foundation failures and prevented drainage of subsurface structures. Above-normal ground-water levels existed until the middle of September. \r\n\r\nTotal flood damage was estimated in excess of $85 million. Six lives were reported lost, and about 12,000 persons were evacuated during the flood. This report has been prepared to furnish hydrologic data for development planning. Included are discussions of antecedent streamflow, meteorology of the storm, descriptions of floods, flood damage, flood frequency, ground-water conditions, and stages and discharges of major streams for August 1967.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1880A","usgsCitation":"Childers, J.M., Meckel, J.P., and Anderson, G.S., 1972, Floods of August 1967 in east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1880, Report: vi, 77 p.; 2 Plates: 31.00 x 24.29 inches and 40.00 x 24.14 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1880A.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 77 p.; 2 Plates: 31.00 x 24.29 inches and 40.00 x 24.14 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411246,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25104.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":25910,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25909,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25911,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137946,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","otherGeospatial":"White Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.976,\n              64.872\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.976,\n              64.777\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.5,\n              64.777\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.5,\n              64.872\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.976,\n              64.872\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e052d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childers, Joseph M.","contributorId":14379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meckel, James P.","contributorId":54174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meckel","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Gary S.","contributorId":36534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4038,"text":"cir667 - 1972 - West Virginia's Buffalo Creek flood: A study of the hydrology and engineering geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-27T22:32:37.111219","indexId":"cir667","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"667","title":"West Virginia's Buffalo Creek flood: A study of the hydrology and engineering geology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir667","usgsCitation":"Davies, W.E., Bailey, J.F., and Kelly, D.B., 1972, West Virginia's Buffalo Creek flood: A study of the hydrology and engineering geology: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 667, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir667.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393483,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24006.htm"},{"id":120932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0667/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31130,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0667/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Buffalo Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.867,\n              37.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6,\n              37.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6,\n              37.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.867,\n              37.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.867,\n              37.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davies, William E.","contributorId":74730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, James F.","contributorId":91834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, Donovan B.","contributorId":56205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Donovan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1217,"text":"wsp1999H - 1972 - Subsurface geology of the late Tertiary and Quaternary water-bearing deposits of the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp1999H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","chapter":"H","title":"Subsurface geology of the late Tertiary and Quaternary water-bearing deposits of the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"The study area, which includes about 5,000 square miles of the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley, is a broad structural trough of mostly interior drainage. The Sierra Nevada on the east is composed of consolidated igneous and metamorphic rocks of pre-Tertiary age. The surface of these rocks slopes 4?-6? southwestward from the foothills and underlies the valley. The Coast Ranges on the west consist mostly of complexly folded and faulted consolidated marine and nonmarine sedimentary rocks of Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary age, which dip eastward and overlie the basement complex. Unconsolidated deposits, of late Pliocene to Holocene age, blanket the underlying consolidated rocks in the valley and are the source of most of the fresh ground water. The unconsolidated deposits, the subject of this report, are divided into informal stratigraphic units on the basis of source of sediment, environment of deposition, and texture. \r\n\r\nFlood-basin, lacustrine, and marsh deposits are fine grained and underlie the valley trough. They range in age from late Pliocene to Holocene. These deposits, consisting of nearly impermeable gypsiferous fine sand, silt, and clay, are more than 3,000 feet thick beneath parts of Tulare Lake bed. In other parts of the trough, flood-basin, lacustrine, and marsh deposits branch into clayey or silty clay tongues designated by the letter symbols A to F. Three of these tongues, the E, C, and A clays, lie beneath large areas of the southern part of the valley. \r\n\r\nThe E clay includes the Corcoran Clay Member of the Tulare Formation, the most extensive hydrologic confining layer in the valley. The E clay underlies about 3,500 square miles of bottom land and western slopes. The beds generally are dark-greenish-gray mostly diatomaceous silty clay of Pleistocene age. Marginally, the unit bifurcates into an upper and a lower stratum that contains thin beds of moderately yellowish-brown silt and sand. The E clay is warped into broad, gentle northwesterly trending anticlines and synclines. \r\n\r\nThe C clay, of Pleistocene age, is a fine-grained lacustrine or paludal deposit occurring 220-300 feet beneath Tulare Lake bed and parts of Fresno Slough. The beds consist of bluish-gray silty clay. Structural contours indicate that the C clay has been extensively warped and folded. \r\n\r\nThe A clay of Pleistocene and Holocene (?) age is a fine-grained lacustrine or paludal deposit occurring 10-60 feet beneath Buena Vista, Kern, and Tulare Lake beds, and parts of Fresno Slough. The clay is mainly blue or dark greenish gray, plastic, and highly organic. In some areas the unit is separated into an upper and a lower stratum by several feet of sand. A radiocarbon date of 26,780 ? 600 years was obtained from wood cored 3 feet beneath the clay. \r\n\r\nContinental deposits are arkosic beds of late Pliocene and Pleistocene (?) age and were derived from the Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi, and San Emigdio Mountains. In places, a reduced-oxidized contact transgresses the deposits derived from the Sierra Nevada. The reduced deposits consist of moderately permeable bluish-green or bluish-gray fine to medium sand, silt, and clay. The oxidized deposits consist mainly of poorly permeable yellowish-brown silt and fine sand. Deposits derived from the Tehachapi and the San Emigdio Mountains consist of poorly to moderately permeable yellowish-brown sand and silt. Continental and alluvial deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age that were derived from the Coast Ranges consist mainly of poorly to moderately permeable yellowish-brown gravel, sand, silt, and clay. They include the Tulare Formation and overlying alluvial deposits. \r\n\r\nAlluvium is composed of coarse arkosic deposits derived from the Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi, and San Emigdio Mountains. A reduced-oxidized contact also transgresses the alluvial deposits derived from the Sierra Nevada. The oxidized deposits consist of poorly to highly permeable yellowish-brown gravel, sand, silt, and clay. The reduc","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1999H","usgsCitation":"Croft, M., 1972, Subsurface geology of the late Tertiary and Quaternary water-bearing deposits of the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1999, iv, 29 p. :illus. and portfolio (6 plates) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1999H.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :illus. and portfolio (6 plates) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26116,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26117,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26118,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26119,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26120,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26121,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26122,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croft, M.G.","contributorId":55413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croft","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2630,"text":"wsp1880C - 1972 - Summary of floods in the United States during 1967","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-02T13:25:31","indexId":"wsp1880C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1880","chapter":"C","title":"Summary of floods in the United States during 1967","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the most outstanding floods in the United States during 1967. The two most destructive floods occurred in August in east-central Alaska and in September and October in southern Texas. In east-central Alaska, heavy rain on August 8-17 produced record-breaking floods near Fairbanks. Peak discharges on some streams in the area were from two to four times the 50-yea.r flood. Flood damage was estimated to have been $85 million, and six lives were lost. Torrential rains produced by Hurricane Beulah caused record-breaking floods on many streams in a 50,000-square-mile area in southern Texas and northeastern Mexico in September and October. As much as 25.5 inches of rain was measured at ESSA Weather Bureau stations in the period September 19-25. Major flooding occurred in the basins of the Guadalupe, San Antonio, Mission, Arkansas, and Nueces Rivers and in many small coastal basins in Texas ; on the Rio Grande and its floodways ; and in the Rio Alamo and Rio San Juan basins in Mexico. Peak discharges at several sites in Texas were more than three times the magnitude of a 50-year flood. Total damage in Texas due to wind, rain, stream flooding, sheet flow, ponding, and tidal flooding was $167 million. In addition to the two floods mentioned above, 27 others of lesser magnitude are considered important enough to be included in this annual flood summary.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1880C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies","usgsCitation":"Rostvedt, J., 1972, Summary of floods in the United States during 1967: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1880, vi, 115 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1880C.","productDescription":"vi, 115 p.","numberOfPages":"121","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science 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