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The Minnesota River – Hawk Creek watershed is located in southwestern Minnesota. The watershed has an area of 1,479 square miles and is drained along its southwestern edge by the Minnesota River (Minnesota Division of Waters, 1959). The major watercourse within the watershed is Hawk Creek, having a drainage area of 510 square miles. Other, shorter streams drain into the Minnesota River but are mostly ephemeral. The watershed has a gently undulating land surface formed on glacial deposits. Directly underlying the glacial deposits in most of the area are Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks are also locally in contact with overlying glacial deposits. Beds of sand and gravel buried at various depths within the glacial deposits are generally thin and discomtinuous but are the most accessible and widely used aquifers in the watershed. Beds of poorly consolidated sandstone in the Cretaceous rocks are locally good aquifers, generally yielding softer water, but in lesser quantities, than aquifers in the overlying glacial deposits. In the eastern part of the watershed, aquifers in Paleozoic and Precambrian sedimentary rocks are capable of high yields to wells and contain water of similar quality to water in the overlying Cretaceous and glacial deposits.

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1959-68","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T19:52:07.682963","indexId":"pp585A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"585","chapter":"A","title":"Hydrologic investigations of prairie potholes in North Dakota, 1959-68","docAbstract":"

A prairie pothole is a depression in the prau1e, capable of storing water, that is the result of glacial processes. Years ago, there were many hundreds of thousands of prairie potholes in the North-Central United States, but large numbers of them have been drained for agricultural use. This report is limited to studies of prairie potholes in the eastern part of the glaciated northern Great Plains region in North Dakota-a rolling upland area covered with glacial drift, called the Coteau du Missouri. Potholes are wetlands that are the primary breeding area of migratory waterfowl in the United States. If production of waterfowl is to continue, suitable wetlands must be maintained, and even new wetlands created to offset those destroyed for agricultural use. The initial stage of the Garrison Diversion Unit calls for a normal annual diversion from Garrison Reservoir of 60,000 acre-feet of water for this purpose.

Many prairie potholes contain large amounts of emergent aquatic vegetatjon known as hydrophytes. Determining the loss of water by transpiration from emergent hydrophytes was one of the major objectives of the present study of the hydrology of prairie potholes. Other hydrologic factors were studied later, but the first part of the study was devoted almost exclusively to the determination of evaporation and transpiration losses at groups of potholes in Ward, Stutsman, and Dickey Counties. The mass-transfer method was used, and by determining the variation in the mass-transfer coefficient throughout a season, the losses by evaporation and transpiration were determined separately. Separate determinations were accomplished by relating the emergent height and the moisture content of the hydrophytes to the rate of transpiration, as determined by the mass-transfer coefficient.

Seasonal evaporation from the study potholes clear of vegetation was found to very nearly equal the generalized evaporation values published by the U.S. Weather Bureau. The effect of hydrophytes in potholes was twofold: their presence reduced evaporation from the water surfaces; and, at the height of the growing season, their transpiration rate, added to the reduced evaporation rate, frequently was greater than the evaporation rate from potholes clear of vegetation.

Net seepage outflow from potholes was generally very small-less than 0.01 foot per day per unit of water surface. This rate of seepage was not insignificant, however, because it often amounted to more than one-fourth of the total seasonal .loss of water from a pothole.

The source of water supplying the evapotranspiration losses was primarily precipitation on the water surface of a pothole pond. Augmenting this supply was basin inflowoverland flow, flow in channels, and seepage inflow. Of these, overland flow was estimated to have been the largest by far; direct observations were not possible. Basin inflow was very erratic; it depended on combinations of events, such as antecedent soil moisture and rainfall intensity, or depth of snow at time of melting and concurrent rainfall. The occurrences of these combinations were such that, for a given season (October-March or April-September), the total basin inflow generally showed little relation to total precipitation. The greatest inflows were associated with late snowmelt flowing over frozen ground.

Following the evapotranspiration study, the effects of ground-water movement were investigated. All the study potholes were located in areas of glacial till in order to reduce the effect of seepage in the mass-transfer computations. Accordingly, ground-water movement was not a major factor in the water budget of the study potholes; however, it could be, in potholes located in areas of outwash sands and gravels, and in potholes in glacial till with only temporary ponds. Also, the direction of ground-water movement has a controlling effect on the water quality of a pothole pond. Where there is no seepage outflow or overflow, there is no mechanism for the removal of dissolved solids brought to the pond by basin inflow. Such potholes are saline-some even more so than sea water. Conversely, potholes that receive no seepage inflow generally contain fresh water and are usually not permanent. All conditions between these two extremes were found.

The permanence of water in a pothole (the extent to which the water body is permanent) and its quality were found to have a direct and significant relation to the species of vegetation that grows under those conditions. In fact, the species of vegetation are excellent indicators of water quality and permanence, and the report contains a table listing the common species used as indicators and the conditions that they indicate. 

Many other facets of the hydrology of prairie potholes were investigated to ensure that no major factor was ignored, and the investigation results are described briefly.

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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db60687c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Eisenlohr, W. S. Jr.","contributorId":47014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisenlohr","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728923,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38771,"text":"pp585C - 1972 - Ground-water hydrology of prairie potholes in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T14:10:14","indexId":"pp585C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"585","chapter":"C","title":"Ground-water hydrology of prairie potholes in North Dakota","docAbstract":"

Prairie potholes (sloughs) are water-holding depressions of glacial origin in the prairies of the Northern United States and southern Canada. Water is supplied to the potholes by precipitation on the water surface, basin runoff, and seepage inflow of ground water. Depleticn of pothole water results from evapotranspiration, overflow, and seepage outflow. Since potholes generally do not overflow, seepage outflow is the principal way in which dissolved salts can be removed. Salinity of pothole water is therefore a good indication of the seepage balance. Net seepage outflow results in fresh to brackish waters that constitute ephemeral to semipermanent ponds, whereas net seepage inflow results in brackish to saline waters that constitute semipermanent to permanent ponds.

Because the water table in the glacial deposits is continuous with the water surface in prairie potholes, the watertable gradient is adjusted to the water-surface elevation of the potholes. In cross section the water table is represented by a nearly straight line which connects potholes. The configuration of the water table around a pothole determines the direction of ground-water flow with respect to the pothole. Ground water flows toward the pothole if the adjacent water table is higher than the pothole water surface and flows away from the pothole if the adjacent water table is lower than the pothole water surface.

Prairie potholes were studied in North Dakota on the Coteau du Missouri, an area of stagnation moraine. About 90 percent of the glacial drift on the Coteau du Missouri is glacial till, and the remainder is largely glacial outwash and lake sediments. Ground-water movement in glacial till is controlled by its lithology and structure. This till, being a poorly sorted, largely unstratified mixture of clay, silt, sand, and gravel, is not highly permeable, so ground water moves most readily along the joints. Because joints in glacial till are most numerous near the land surface (owing to weathering effects), the most active ground-water flow systems are shallow and localized in the vicinity of potholes. As a result, local ground-water flow systems have a noticeable effect on pothole hydrology, particularly the salinity

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology of prairie potholes in North Dakota","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp585C","usgsCitation":"Sloan, C.E., 1972, Ground-water hydrology of prairie potholes in North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 585, Report: vi, 28 p.; 2 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp585C.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; 2 Plates","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":65643,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0585c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65644,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0585c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65645,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0585c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104523,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4627.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4627"},{"id":120412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0585c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dbf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloan, C. E.","contributorId":59037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68058,"text":"ha434 - 1972 - Analog simulation of water-level declines in the Sparta sand, Mississippi embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T20:17:21.838054","indexId":"ha434","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"434","title":"Analog simulation of water-level declines in the Sparta sand, Mississippi embayment","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha434","usgsCitation":"Reed, J., 1972, Analog simulation of water-level declines in the Sparta sand, Mississippi embayment: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 434, 1 Plate: 32.00 × 34.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha434.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 32.00 × 34.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405405,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15819.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":89321,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/434/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"2500000","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.667,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -88.50,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -88.50,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -93.667,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -93.667,\n 31\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683a6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, J.E.","contributorId":41801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68059,"text":"ha476 - 1972 - Ground-water resources of Benson and Pierce Counties, north-central North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-04T10:38:20","indexId":"ha476","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"476","title":"Ground-water resources of Benson and Pierce Counties, north-central North Dakota","docAbstract":"

The purpose of this investigation is to provide information about the ground-water resources in Benson and Pierce Counties that is sufficient for planning the safe and intelligent development of water supplies for irrigation, domestic, stock, industrial, and municipal purposes.  The investigation is part of a statewide program to determine the location and extent of ground-water aquifers; to evaluate the occurrence and movement of ground water within the aquifers, including sources of recharge and discharge; to determine potential yields to wells developed in the aquifers; and to determine the chemical quality of ground water.

Benson and Pierce Counties cover an area of 2,512 square miles in north-central North Dakota.  This study, which began in July 1967 and was completed in June 1971, was made cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey, the North Dakota State Water Commission, the North Dakota Geological Survey, and the Benson and Pierce Counties Water Management Districts.  This interim report presents only the major conclusions of the study.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha476","usgsCitation":"Randich, P., 1972, Ground-water resources of Benson and Pierce Counties, north-central North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 476, 43.0 x 34.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha476.","productDescription":"43.0 x 34.5 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":89322,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/476/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"26720","country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Benson County, Pierce County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.5254,47.9159],[-98.5261,47.8478],[-98.5463,47.8481],[-98.9586,47.8477],[-99.092,47.8478],[-99.1419,47.8478],[-99.1816,47.8477],[-99.2974,47.8479],[-99.8141,47.8477],[-100.0694,47.8469],[-100.1987,47.8477],[-100.1972,48.0213],[-100.2384,48.0218],[-100.2376,48.3699],[-100.2777,48.3704],[-100.2771,48.543],[-100.1457,48.5437],[-99.9367,48.5425],[-99.9068,48.5424],[-99.8904,48.5423],[-99.885,48.5423],[-99.7556,48.5435],[-99.6249,48.5432],[-99.4942,48.5433],[-99.4942,48.457],[-99.4935,48.3688],[-99.2029,48.3697],[-99.2033,48.2811],[-99.203,48.259],[-99.2032,48.2511],[-99.2023,48.1949],[-99.201,48.157],[-99.1977,48.1538],[-99.1924,48.1505],[-99.1836,48.1486],[-99.1762,48.1462],[-99.1708,48.1452],[-99.1668,48.1447],[-99.1621,48.1415],[-99.154,48.1386],[-99.1371,48.1408],[-99.133,48.1389],[-99.1311,48.1356],[-99.1298,48.1324],[-99.1292,48.1301],[-99.1272,48.1278],[-99.1206,48.1217],[-99.1187,48.1134],[-99.1175,48.1069],[-99.0735,48.1065],[-99.0713,48.053],[-99.0711,48.0341],[-99.0706,48.0235],[-99.0625,48.0234],[-99.0531,48.0238],[-99.0509,48.0311],[-99.0446,48.0398],[-99.0377,48.0457],[-99.0289,48.0484],[-99.0213,48.052],[-99.0126,48.0519],[-99.0018,48.0504],[-99.0012,48.0458],[-99.0034,48.0398],[-99.0028,48.0352],[-99.0015,48.032],[-99.0017,48.0255],[-99.0024,48.0237],[-98.9945,48.0149],[-98.9877,48.018],[-98.9843,48.0166],[-98.9892,48.0125],[-98.9934,48.0047],[-98.9983,47.996],[-98.9943,47.9932],[-98.9916,47.9941],[-98.9787,47.9986],[-98.9678,48.0021],[-98.9569,48.0038],[-98.9536,48.0038],[-98.9475,48.0037],[-98.932,48.0004],[-98.9232,48.0012],[-98.9157,48.0052],[-98.9183,48.0099],[-98.9208,48.0173],[-98.918,48.0205],[-98.9079,48.0227],[-98.8998,48.0207],[-98.9005,48.0193],[-98.8973,48.011],[-98.894,48.0087],[-98.8906,48.0096],[-98.8865,48.0141],[-98.8808,48.0228],[-98.8894,48.033],[-98.8885,48.0386],[-98.8845,48.0385],[-98.8799,48.0352],[-98.8752,48.0324],[-98.8657,48.0355],[-98.8568,48.0391],[-98.852,48.0414],[-98.8513,48.0418],[-98.8439,48.0422],[-98.8356,48.0476],[-98.8328,48.0503],[-98.828,48.0554],[-98.8238,48.0608],[-98.8217,48.0631],[-98.8116,48.0611],[-98.8016,48.0583],[-98.7975,48.0582],[-98.7955,48.0573],[-98.7989,48.0545],[-98.7996,48.0541],[-98.8031,48.0509],[-98.8025,48.0481],[-98.796,48.0388],[-98.7861,48.0277],[-98.7864,48.0175],[-98.786,48.006],[-98.7801,48.0018],[-98.7747,48.0008],[-98.77,48.0017],[-98.7711,48.0081],[-98.7704,48.0118],[-98.767,48.0118],[-98.7637,48.0089],[-98.7624,48.0066],[-98.7639,48.0016],[-98.7619,47.9997],[-98.7566,47.996],[-98.7553,47.9946],[-98.754,47.9913],[-98.7576,47.9849],[-98.7801,47.976],[-98.7877,47.9682],[-98.7933,47.9623],[-98.7988,47.9587],[-98.7995,47.9555],[-98.7982,47.9527],[-98.7956,47.9508],[-98.7929,47.9508],[-98.7881,47.9517],[-98.7764,47.9626],[-98.7702,47.9666],[-98.76,47.9707],[-98.7477,47.9742],[-98.7423,47.9755],[-98.7361,47.981],[-98.7311,47.9883],[-98.7276,47.9933],[-98.7208,47.9969],[-98.7146,47.9996],[-98.7071,48.0027],[-98.699,48.004],[-98.6841,48.0047],[-98.674,48.0023],[-98.6681,47.9981],[-98.6656,47.9916],[-98.6666,47.9778],[-98.6641,47.9727],[-98.659,47.9629],[-98.6524,47.9559],[-98.6418,47.9484],[-98.6278,47.9418],[-98.6273,47.9358],[-98.6362,47.9322],[-98.633,47.9248],[-98.6272,47.9183],[-98.6246,47.915],[-98.6198,47.9177],[-98.6056,47.918],[-98.5914,47.9178],[-98.5881,47.9154],[-98.5254,47.9159]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Benson\",\"state\":\"ND\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randich, P.G.","contributorId":69953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randich","given":"P.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38772,"text":"pp585D - 1972 - Vegetation of prairie potholes, North Dakota, in relation to quality of water and other environmental factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T14:06:00","indexId":"pp585D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"585","chapter":"D","title":"Vegetation of prairie potholes, North Dakota, in relation to quality of water and other environmental factors","docAbstract":"

Measurements of specific conductance provide an adequate indication of the average salinity of surface waters in natural ponds and lakes of the northern .prairie region. Yearly and seasonal variations in specific conductance were much greater in brackish and subsaline wetlands than in fresh-water areas. The principal vegetational types. Land-use practices of varying brackish to saline wetlands were sulfates and chlorides of sodium and magnesium. In less saline waters, carbonate and bicarbonate salts of calcium and potassium were of greater importance, but as salinity increased, the proportion of these compounds decreased rapidly.

A major environmental factor controlling the establishment of marsh and aquatic vegetation is the permanence of surface water. Permanence is a measure of the extent to which surface water persists at a given site. Varying degrees of water permanence during the growing season led to the establishment of distinct vegetational types, which were differentiated primarily on the 'basis of community structure or life form of the dominant vegetation.

Salinity of surface waters was closely correlated with differences in species composition of plant communities found in the principal vegetational types. Land-use practices of varying degrees of intensity also had a secondary influence on species composition. Since an unstable water chemistry is characteristic of most prairie ponds and lakes, it is more reliable to use the plant communities as indicators of average salinity than to use single measurements of specific conductance.

Characteristic species of wetland vegetational types occupied the central deeper parts of pond and lake basins or occurred as concentric peripheral bands. The wetland vegetational types are wetland low-prairie, wet-meadow, shallow-marsh emergent, deep-marsh emergent, fen emergent, submerged and floating, natural drawdown, cropland drawdown, and cropland tillage vegetation. Combinations of species (plant associations) within these vegetational types were placed in one of six salinity categories designated as fresh, slightly brackish, moderately brackish, brackish, subsaline, and saline. Salt tolerance apparently varied greatly among the various marsh and aquatic plants since the num'ber of species represented in moderately brackish to saline communities decreased markedly with increased salinity of the surface water environment.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology of prairie potholes in North Dakota","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp585D","usgsCitation":"Stewart, R.E., and Kantrud, H., 1972, Vegetation of prairie potholes, North Dakota, in relation to quality of water and other environmental factors: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 585, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp585D.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":22019,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0585d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0585d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6025cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, R. E.","contributorId":93426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kantrud, H.A.","contributorId":28553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":68371,"text":"ha456 - 1972 - Floods in the Río Guanajibo Valley, southwestern Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T21:15:09.693047","indexId":"ha456","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"456","title":"Floods in the Río Guanajibo Valley, southwestern Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha456","usgsCitation":"Haire, W.J., 1972, Floods in the Río Guanajibo Valley, southwestern Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 456, 1 Plate: 55.53 × 34.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha456.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 55.53 × 34.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":409612,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15842.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":89856,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/456/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"20000","country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Río Guanajibo Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.192,\n 18.056\n ],\n [\n -67.192,\n 18.194\n ],\n [\n -66.94,\n 18.194\n ],\n [\n -66.94,\n 18.056\n ],\n [\n -67.192,\n 18.056\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0a4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haire, William J.","contributorId":70482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haire","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48084,"text":"ofr72382 - 1972 - Hydrograph simulation models of the Hillsborough and Alafia Rivers, Florida: a preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T07:19:12","indexId":"ofr72382","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-382","title":"Hydrograph simulation models of the Hillsborough and Alafia Rivers, Florida: a preliminary report","docAbstract":"

Mathematical (digital) models that simulate flood hydrographs from rainfall records have been developed for the following gaging stations in the Hillsborough and Alafia River basins of west-central Florida: Hillsborough River near Tampa, Alafia River at Lithia, and north Prong Alafia River near Keysville. These models, which were developed from historical streamflow and and rainfall records, are based on rainfall-runoff and unit-hydrograph procedures involving an arbitrary separation of the flood hydrograph. These models assume the flood hydrograph to be composed of only two flow components, direct (storm) runoff, and base flow. Expressions describing these two flow components are derived from streamflow and rainfall records and are combined analytically to form algorithms (models), which are programmed for processing on a digital computing system.

\n
\n

Most Hillsborough and Alafia River flood discharges can be simulated with expected relative errors less than or equal to 30 percent and flood peaks can be simulated with average relative errors less than 15 percent.

\n
\n

Because of the inadequate rainfall network that is used in obtaining input data for the North Prong Alafia River model, simulated peaks are frequently in error by more than 40 percent, particularly for storms having highly variable areal rainfall distribution.

\n
\n

Simulation errors are the result of rainfall sample errors and, to a lesser extent, model inadequacy. Data errors associated with the determination of mean basin precipitation are the result of the small number and poor areal distribution of rainfall stations available for use in the study. Model inadequacy, however, is attributed to the basic underlying theory, particularly the rainfall-runoff relation.

\n
\n

These models broaden and enhance existing water-management capabilities within these basins by allowing the establishment and implementation of programs providing for continued development in these areas. Specifically, the models serve not only as a basis for forecasting floods, but also for simulating hydrologic information needed in flood-plain mapping and delineating and evaluating alternative flood control and abatement plans.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tampa, FL","doi":"10.3133/ofr72382","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Turner, J.F., 1972, Hydrograph simulation models of the Hillsborough and Alafia Rivers, Florida: a preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-382, 107 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72382.","productDescription":"107 p.","numberOfPages":"107","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287743,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0382/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Alafia River;Hillsborough River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.5,27.75 ], [ -82.5,28.5 ], [ -82.0,28.5 ], [ -82.0,27.75 ], [ -82.5,27.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db61475b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, James F. Jr.","contributorId":16275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48088,"text":"ofr72420 - 1972 - Compilation of hydrologic data, Little Elm Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:35:53","indexId":"ofr72420","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-420","title":"Compilation of hydrologic data, Little Elm Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1968","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood and soil erosion reducing measures in Texas under the authority of \"The Flood Control Act ot 1936 and 1944\" and ''Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. In June 1968, the Soil Conservation Service estimated approximately 3,500 structures to be physically and economically feasible for installation in Texas. As of September 30, 1968, 1,271 of these structures had been built.

This watershed-development program will have varying but important effects on the surface- and ground-water resources of river basins, especially where a large number of the floodwater-retarding structures are built. Basic hydrologic data are needed to appraise the effects of the structures on water yield and the mode of occurrence of runoff.

Hydrologic investigations of these small watersheds were begun by the Geological Survey in 1951 and are now being made in 11 areas (fig. 1). These studies are being made in cooperation with t he Texas Water Development Board, the Soil Conservation Service, the San Antonio River Authority, the city of Dallas, and the Tarrant County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1. The 11 study areas were choson to sample watersheds having different rainfall, topography, geology, and soils. In four of the study areas (Mukewater, North, Little Elm, and Pin Oak Creeks), streamflow and rainfall records were collected prior to construction of the floodwater-retarding structures, thus affording the opportunity for analyses to the conditions before and after\" development. Structures have now been built in three of these study areas. A summary of the development of the floodwater-retarding structures on each study area as of September 30, 1968, is shown in table 1.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72420","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Dallas and the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Compilation of hydrologic data, Little Elm Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1968: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-420, v, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72420.","productDescription":"v, 83 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr72420.JPG"},{"id":287745,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0420/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"38.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Little Elm Creek, Trinity River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.1612,32.745 ], [ -97.1612,33.6619 ], [ -96.1234,33.6619 ], [ -96.1234,32.745 ], [ -97.1612,32.745 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6a9e8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48096,"text":"ofr72462 - 1972 - A summary view of water supply and demand in the San Francisco Bay Region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T07:35:21","indexId":"ofr72462","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-462","title":"A summary view of water supply and demand in the San Francisco Bay Region, California","docAbstract":"

This report presents a summary view of the water-supply situation in the nine counties that comprise the San Francisco Bay region, California, and thereby provides water data, based on 1970 conditions, that are needed for regional planning. For the purpose of this study the nine-county region has been divided into 15 subregions on the basis of hydrologic and economic considerations. Firm water supply is tabulated for each subregion by source--ground water, surface water, and imported water. Water demand in 1970 is tabulated for each subregion by type of use or demand--public supply, rural self-supply, irrigation, self-supplied industrial water and thermoelectric power generation.

\n
\n

The San Francisco Bay region is dependent to a large degree on imported water. Under 1970 conditions of development, the firm water supply is 2.2 million acre-feet per year; of that quantity, almost 1 million acre-feet per year is imported water. The water demand in 1970 was 1.9 million acre-feet, about half of which was consumed. Under 1970 conditions of water development and use, a series of dry years would probably necessitate some curtailment of irrigation activities in four of the subregions, where the bulk of the demands i for irrigation water. Under those same conditions there is generally ample water for municipal and industrial use throughout the region, except in eastern Marin County where the firm municipal supple does not exceed the 1970 demand for municipal and industrial water.

\n
\n

Although the firm water supply of the San Francisco Bay region, including imported water, is generally adequate to meet present needs, supplemental supply will be required to meet increased demand in the future. The expansion of existing surface-water facilities and the construction of new surface-water projects, now considered feasible, could provide a combined firm supplemental yield of slightly more than 1 million acre-feet per year, almost three-fourths of which would be available for import by those subregions that might experience a water deficient in the future. However, any supplemental water that might be developed by such alternative methods as desalination of brackish or salt water, weather modification, and various conservation measure, will correspondingly reduce requirement for supplemental water from the more conventional sources.

\n
\n

The aspect of water quality is not discussed in this paper. Because of the present availability of imported water of good or acceptable quality, water quality, as it affects the supply, is not a serious problem at this time, except perhaps in local areas adjacent to San Francisco Bay and in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. In those areas ground water has been degraded by salinity intrusion. Although the prediction of future trends in population, land use, and water demand is beyond the scope of this report, there is not doubt that vigilance and careful planning will be required to prevent serious future deterioration of the quality of the water supply.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr72462","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development","usgsCitation":"Rantz, S.E., 1972, A summary view of water supply and demand in the San Francisco Bay Region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-462, iv, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72462.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287753,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0462/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,37.0 ], [ -124.0,39.0 ], [ -121.0,39.0 ], [ -121.0,37.0 ], [ -124.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5f0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rantz, Saul E.","contributorId":46010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rantz","given":"Saul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23460,"text":"ofr72191 - 1972 - Radiochemical analyses of surface water from U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic bench-mark stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-04T11:41:15","indexId":"ofr72191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-191","title":"Radiochemical analyses of surface water from U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic bench-mark stations","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey's program for collecting and analyzing surface-water samples for radiochemical constituents at hydrologic bench-mark stations is described. Analytical methods used during the study are described briefly and data obtained from 55 of the network stations in the United States during the period from 1967 to 1971 are given in tabular form.

Concentration values are reported for dissolved uranium, radium, gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity. Values are also given for suspended gross alpha radioactivity in terms of natural uranium. Suspended gross beta radioactivity is expressed both as the equilibrium mixture of strontium-90/yttrium-90 and as cesium-137.

Other physical parameters reported which describe the samples include the concentrations of dissolved and suspended solids, the water temperature and stream discharge at the time of the sample collection.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72191","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Janzer, V., and Saindon, L., 1972, Radiochemical analyses of surface water from U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic bench-mark stations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-191, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72191.","productDescription":"41 p.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0191/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":113005,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0191/report.pdf","size":"1482","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649c73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janzer, V.J.","contributorId":31777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janzer","given":"V.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saindon, L.G.","contributorId":103281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saindon","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48022,"text":"ofr7297 - 1972 - Ground-water outflow, San Timoteo-Smiley Heights area, upper Santa Ana Valley, southern California, 1927 through 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T19:31:03.070135","indexId":"ofr7297","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-97","title":"Ground-water outflow, San Timoteo-Smiley Heights area, upper Santa Ana Valley, southern California, 1927 through 1968","docAbstract":"The San Timoteo-Smiley Heights area is in the upper Santa Ana Valley, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, Calif., where the Yucaipa and San Timoteo-Beaumont ground-water basins border Bunker .Hill basin on the south between the San Jacinto and San Andreas faults. The area is broken by numerous faults, the topography is rough, and in a large part of the area few wells had been drilled prior to 196S. \r\n\r\nThe alluvial deposits, which constitute the aquifers in the area, range in thickness from 0 where they lap onto exposed bedrock hills to about 1,000 feet. Beneath the southern part of the area near the San Jacinto fault the total thickness of alluvial and lacustrine deposits may be as much as 6,000 feet. \r\n\r\nThe purpose of this study was to estimate ground-water outflow by an indirect method not involving balancing of the hydrologic budget. For this purpose it was necessary to estimate the permeability of the aquifer materials, the average annual hydraulic gradient, and the cross-sectional area through which the flow occurs; these values were estimated for five segments along a line of section between the San Jacinto fault and Crafton Hills. \r\n\r\nTo provide data for the outflow estimates, several miles of reflection and refraction seismic traverses were made along and across the outflow section. Nineteen deep and shallow test holes were drilled; one of the deep test holes and several existing wells were pumped to obtain data on aquifer permeability.\r\n\r\nThe estimated average permeabilities of the aquifer materials range from 5 gallons per day per square foot for the lower part of the San Timoteo beds of Frick (1921) and 40 gallons per day per square foot for the older alluvium to 220 gallons per day per square foot for the upper part of the San Timoteo beds. \r\n\r\nThe estimated outflow in 1927 was 8,150 acre-feet. By 1967 the estimated total outflow was 5,350 acre-feet, a reduction of approximately 34 percent. During the 12-year period 1956 through 1967, however, the annual outflow decline has been considerably less than the average for the 41-year period 1927 through 1967, and the decline as of 1968 was probably about 30-35 acre-feet per year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7297","usgsCitation":"Dutcher, L., and Fenzel, F., 1972, Ground-water outflow, San Timoteo-Smiley Heights area, upper Santa Ana Valley, southern California, 1927 through 1968: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-97, Report: ii, 30 p.; 2 Plates: 35.22 × 22.43 inches and 33.72 × 22.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7297.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 30 p.; 2 Plates: 35.22 × 22.43 inches and 33.72 × 22.76 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110340,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52161.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"52161"},{"id":84797,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0097/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84796,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0097/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84795,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0097/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0097/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Timoteo-Smiley Heights area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.2431,\n 33.9756\n ],\n [\n -117.0681,\n 33.9756\n ],\n [\n -117.0681,\n 34.0778\n ],\n [\n -117.2431,\n 34.0778\n ],\n [\n -117.2431,\n 33.9756\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66741d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dutcher, L.C.","contributorId":42191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutcher","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fenzel, F. W.","contributorId":94742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenzel","given":"F. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23465,"text":"ofr72192 - 1972 - Stream depletion factors, Arkansas River valley, southeastern Colorado; A basis for evaluating plans for conjunctive use of ground and surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-06T13:25:21","indexId":"ofr72192","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-192","title":"Stream depletion factors, Arkansas River valley, southeastern Colorado; A basis for evaluating plans for conjunctive use of ground and surface water","docAbstract":"

The Arkansas River valley is a stream-aquifer system that consists of the Arkansas River and the associated valley-fill deposits. The hydrology, geology, and water-resources development in the valley have been described by Moore and Wood (1967). The history of delivery of irrigation water by canals indicates that the supply has been inadequate during some seasons and some years. The shortage can be reduced by carefully designed conjunctive use of ground and surface water. An analog model of the Arkansas River valley in Colorado was constructed to facilitate such designs (Moore and Wood, 1967).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72192","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, C., and Taylor, O., 1972, Stream depletion factors, Arkansas River valley, southeastern Colorado; A basis for evaluating plans for conjunctive use of ground and surface water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-192, Report: ii, 8 p.; 4 Plates: 40.92 x 22.26 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72192.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 8 p.; 4 Plates: 40.92 x 22.26 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52776,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0192/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0192/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52777,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0192/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52778,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0192/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52779,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0192/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52780,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0192/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.7445,37.6428],[-103.0766,37.6417],[-103.183,37.6424],[-103.2917,37.6426],[-103.4039,37.6423],[-103.5092,37.6432],[-103.5778,37.6432],[-103.6016,37.6437],[-103.8109,37.644],[-103.8929,37.644],[-103.9661,37.6439],[-104.0591,37.6436],[-104.0597,37.7316],[-104.3518,37.8148],[-104.3889,37.8248],[-104.4978,37.8556],[-104.6074,37.886],[-104.6527,37.8982],[-104.7175,37.8949],[-104.9375,37.8834],[-104.9545,37.8822],[-104.9737,37.881],[-105.0017,37.8794],[-105.0041,37.8794],[-105.0093,37.879],[-105.0122,37.8799],[-105.0209,37.8859],[-105.0313,37.8919],[-105.0295,37.8964],[-105.03,37.9],[-105.0346,37.9055],[-105.0468,37.9115],[-105.0474,37.9967],[-105.0481,38.0855],[-105.0481,38.173],[-105.0483,38.202],[-105.0487,38.2582],[-104.9391,38.2587],[-104.9402,38.3448],[-104.9392,38.4178],[-104.939,38.43],[-104.9397,38.5003],[-104.9427,38.5003],[-104.943,38.5175],[-104.8295,38.5183],[-104.736,38.5183],[-104.7171,38.5186],[-104.6071,38.5187],[-104.4971,38.5192],[-104.3759,38.52],[-104.2836,38.5201],[-104.2794,38.5205],[-104.2759,38.5204],[-104.1629,38.5215],[-104.054,38.523],[-103.9411,38.523],[-103.8328,38.523],[-103.7228,38.5223],[-103.6116,38.5225],[-103.6118,38.5171],[-103.5089,38.5159],[-103.508,38.4366],[-103.5066,38.3409],[-103.5019,38.3408],[-103.5004,38.2646],[-103.3972,38.2647],[-103.2787,38.2649],[-103.1691,38.2647],[-103.0571,38.2647],[-102.741,38.2654],[-102.6154,38.2661],[-102.5075,38.2662],[-102.396,38.2662],[-102.2858,38.2665],[-102.1749,38.2668],[-102.0443,38.2676],[-102.0443,38.2627],[-102.0432,37.7384],[-102.043,37.6429],[-102.089,37.643],[-102.199,37.6429],[-102.3071,37.6435],[-102.4182,37.6432],[-102.5281,37.6432],[-102.6363,37.6435],[-102.7445,37.6428]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bent\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a52cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, C.T.","contributorId":106099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, O.J.","contributorId":71584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"O.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":68278,"text":"ha457 - 1972 - Floods in the Aguadilla-Aguada area, northwestern Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T22:15:25.442037","indexId":"ha457","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"457","title":"Floods in the Aguadilla-Aguada area, northwestern Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

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No abstract available.

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The United States Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, began a reconnaissance in 1967 to obtain essential water-quality information for the Bear River basin. The reconnaissance was directed toward defining the chemical quality of the basin’s surface waters, including suitability for specific uses, geology, and general basin hydrology. Emphasis was given to those areas where water-development projects are proposed or being considered.

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This bibliography of 650 selected references on urban hydrology is intended as a source document for scientific and water-management needs. It was stimulated by increasing interest in the problems of runoff and water quality caused by increasing urbanization. The bibliography brings together abstracts with citations that pertain to the rainfall-runoff process, urban groundwater problems, urban water pollution sources, urban climatic changes, and urban runoff modeling. Emphasis is given to technical advances of the past ten years as well as to needs for new research. This bibliography is arranged alphabetically by author and has separate geographic and subject indexes. Each abstract is followed by several added key words to relate'it to other similar references.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri723","usgsCitation":"Knapp, G.L., and Glasby, J., 1972, Urban hydrology: A selected bibliography with abstracts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 72-3, iii, 211 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri723.","productDescription":"iii, 211 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1972/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":377239,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1972/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6052ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knapp, George L.","contributorId":93466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glasby, J.P.","contributorId":101699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glasby","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":49252,"text":"ofr72247 - 1972 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:14:51","indexId":"ofr72247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-247","title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1970","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72247","usgsCitation":"Maderak, M., and Lucero, E., 1972, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1970: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-247, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72247.","productDescription":"32 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bba5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maderak, M.L.","contributorId":41452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maderak","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucero, E.","contributorId":98798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucero","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":68647,"text":"ha429 - 1972 - Water resources of northwestern Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:27","indexId":"ha429","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"429","title":"Water resources of northwestern Kansas","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha429","usgsCitation":"Pearl, R.H., 1972, Water resources of northwestern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 429, 3 maps on two sheets :col. ;73 x 94 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha429.","productDescription":"3 maps on two sheets :col. ;73 x 94 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":90327,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/429/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90328,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/429/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90329,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/429/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90330,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/429/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102,39.25 ], [ -102,40 ], [ -100.25,40 ], [ -100.25,39.25 ], [ -102,39.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, Richard Howard","contributorId":50974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Howard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}