{"pageNumber":"603","pageRowStart":"15050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46681,"records":[{"id":70044410,"text":"70044410 - 2012 - Resolving hyporheic and groundwater components of streambed water flux","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T15:25:50","indexId":"70044410","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resolving hyporheic and groundwater components of streambed water flux","docAbstract":"Hyporheic and groundwater fluxes typically occur together in permeable sediments beneath flowing stream water. However, streambed water fluxes quantified using the thermal method are usually interpreted as representing either groundwater or hyporheic fluxes. Our purpose was to improve understanding of co-occurring groundwater and hyporheic fluxes using streambed temperature measurements and analysis of one-dimensional heat transport in shallow streambeds. First, we examined how changes in hyporheic and groundwater fluxes affect their relative magnitudes by reevaluating previously published simulations. These indicated that flux magnitudes are largely independent until a threshold is crossed, past which hyporheic fluxes are diminished by much larger (1000-fold) groundwater fluxes. We tested accurate quantification of co-occurring fluxes using one-dimensional approaches that are appropriate for analyzing streambed temperature data collected at field sites. The thermal analytical method, which uses an analytical solution to the one-dimensional heat transport equation, was used to analyze results from a numerical heat transport model, in which hyporheic flow was represented as increased thermal dispersion at shallow depths. We found that co-occurring groundwater and hyporheic fluxes can be quantified in streambeds, although not always accurately. For example, using a temperature time series collected in a sandy streambed, we found that hyporheic and groundwater flow could both be detected when thermal dispersion due to hyporheic flow was significant compared to thermal conduction. We provide guidance for when thermal data can be used to quantify both hyporheic and groundwater fluxes, and we show that neglecting thermal dispersion may affect accuracy and interpretation of estimated streambed water fluxes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011784","usgsCitation":"Bhaskar, A., Harvey, J.W., and Henry, E.J., 2012, Resolving hyporheic and groundwater components of streambed water flux: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 8, W08524, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011784.","productDescription":"W08524","ipdsId":"IP-039262","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011784","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270719,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011784"},{"id":270721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653872e4b077fa94dae017","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhaskar, Aditi S.","contributorId":62488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhaskar","given":"Aditi S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, Eric J.","contributorId":44810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70191838,"text":"70191838 - 2012 - Monitoring subsurface hydrologic response for precipitation-induced shallow landsliding in the San Francisco Bay area, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T13:19:15","indexId":"70191838","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring subsurface hydrologic response for precipitation-induced shallow landsliding in the San Francisco Bay area, California, USA","docAbstract":"Intense winter storms in the San Francisco Bay area (SFBA) of California, USA often trigger shallow landslides. Some of these landslides mobilize into potentially hazardous debris flows. A growing body of research indicates that rainfall intensity-duration thresholds are insufficient for accurate prediction of landslide occurrence. In response, we have begun long-term monitoring of the hydrologic response of land-slide-prone hillslopes to rainfall in several areas of the SFBA. Each monitoring site is equipped with sensors for measuring soil moisture content and piezometric pressure at several soil depths along with a rain gauge connected to a cell phone or satellite telemetered data logger. The data are transmitted in near-real-time, providing the ability to monitor hydrologic conditions before, during, and after storms. Results are guiding the establishment of both antecedent and storm-specific rainfall and moisture content thresholds which must be achieved before landslide-causative positive pore water pressures are generated. Although widespread shallow landsliding has not yet occurred since the deployment of the monitoring sites, several isolated land-slides have been observed in the area of monitoring. The landslides occurred during a period when positive pore water pressures were measured as a result of intense rainfall that followed higher-than-average season precipitation totals. Continued monitoring and analysis will further guide the establishment of more general-ized thresholds for different regions of the SFBA and contribute to the development and calibration of physi-cally-based predictive models.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides and engineered slopes: Protecting society through improved understanding, Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"11th International Symposium on Landslides","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Collins, B.D., Stock, J.D., Weber, L.C., Whitman, K., and Knepprath, N., 2012, Monitoring subsurface hydrologic response for precipitation-induced shallow landsliding in the San Francisco Bay area, California, USA, <i>in</i> Landslides and engineered slopes: Protecting society through improved understanding, Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Landslides, p. 1249-1255.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1249","endPage":"1255","ipdsId":"IP-035594","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61053ee4b06e28e9c25518","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Brian D. 0000-0003-4881-5359 bcollins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-5359","contributorId":149278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stock, Jonathan D. 0000-0001-8565-3577 jstock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-3577","contributorId":3648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Jonathan","email":"jstock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weber, Lisa C.","contributorId":124586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":713310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitman, K.","contributorId":197364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knepprath, N.","contributorId":197365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knepprath","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70187522,"text":"70187522 - 2012 - Interactive terrain visualization enables virtual field work during rapid scientific response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T16:19:52","indexId":"70187522","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive terrain visualization enables virtual field work during rapid scientific response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>The moment magnitude (M</span><sub>w</sub><span>) 7.0 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake is the first major earthquake for which a large-footprint LiDAR (light detection and ranging) survey was acquired within several weeks of the event. Here, we describe the use of virtual reality data visualization to analyze massive amounts (67 GB on disk) of multiresolution terrain data during the rapid scientific response to a major natural disaster. In particular, we describe a method for conducting virtual field work using both desktop computers and a 4-sided, 22 m</span><sup>3</sup><span> CAVE immersive virtual reality environment, along with KeckCAVES (Keck Center for Active Visualization in the Earth Sciences) software tools LiDAR Viewer, to analyze LiDAR point-cloud data, and Crusta, for 2.5 dimensional surficial geologic mapping on a bare-earth digital elevation model. This system enabled virtual field work that yielded remote observations of the topographic expression of active faulting within an ∼75-km-long section of the eastern Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault spanning the 2010 epicenter. Virtual field observations indicated that the geomorphic evidence of active faulting and ancient surface rupture varies along strike. Landform offsets of 6–50 m along the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault east of the 2010 epicenter and closest to Port-au-Prince attest to repeated recent surface-rupturing earthquakes there. In the west, the fault trace is well defined by displaced landforms, but it is not as clear as in the east. The 2010 epicenter is within a transition zone between these sections that extends from Grand Goâve in the west to Fayette in the east. Within this transition, between L'Acul (lat 72°40′W) and the Rouillone River (lat 72°35′W), the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault is undefined along an embayed low-relief range front, with little evidence of recent surface rupture. Based on the geometry of the eastern and western faults that show evidence of recent surface rupture, we propose that the 2010 event occurred within a stepover that appears to have served as a long-lived boundary between rupture segments, explaining the lack of 2010 surface rupture. This study demonstrates how virtual reality–based data visualization has the potential to transform rapid scientific response by enabling virtual field studies and real-time interactive analysis of massive terrain data sets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00687.1","usgsCitation":"Cowgill, E., Bernardin, T.S., Oskin, M.E., Bowles, C., Yikilmaz, M.B., Kreylos, O., Elliott, A., Bishop, S., Gold, R.D., Morelan, A., Bawden, G.W., Hamann, B., and Kellogg, L., 2012, Interactive terrain visualization enables virtual field work during rapid scientific response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake: Geosphere, v. 8, no. 4, p. 787-804, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00687.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"787","endPage":"804","ipdsId":"IP-022203","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00687.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b8e4b0e541a03c1a7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowgill, Eric","contributorId":16290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowgill","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernardin, Tony S.","contributorId":191807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernardin","given":"Tony","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oskin, Michael E.","contributorId":191806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oskin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowles, Christopher","contributorId":191803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowles","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yikilmaz, M. Burak","contributorId":191805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yikilmaz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Burak","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kreylos, Oliver","contributorId":98189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreylos","given":"Oliver","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elliott, Austin J.","contributorId":191820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"Austin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bishop, Scott","contributorId":191821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gold, Ryan D. 0000-0002-4464-6394 rgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-6394","contributorId":3883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"Ryan","email":"rgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Morelan, Alexander","contributorId":173909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morelan","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hamann, Bernd","contributorId":191822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamann","given":"Bernd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kellogg, Louise","contributorId":191823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70044312,"text":"70044312 - 2012 - Post-fire land treatments and wind erosion -- lessons from the Milford Flat Fire, UT, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T14:54:39","indexId":"70044312","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":666,"text":"Aeolian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-fire land treatments and wind erosion -- lessons from the Milford Flat Fire, UT, USA","docAbstract":"We monitored sediment flux at 25 plots located at the northern end of the 2007 Milford Flat Fire (Lake Bonneville Basin, west-central Utah) to examine the effectiveness of post-fire rehabilitation treatments in mitigating risks of wind erosion during the first 3 years post fire. Maximum values were recorded during Mar–Jul 2009 when horizontal sediment fluxes measured with BSNE samplers ranged from 16.3 to 1251.0 g m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> in unburned plots (n = 8; data represent averages of three sampler heights per plot), 35.2–555.3 g m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> in burned plots that were not treated (n = 5), and 21.0–44,010.7 g m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> in burned plots that received one or more rehabilitation treatments that disturbed the soil surface (n = 12). Fluxes during this period exhibited extreme spatial variability and were contingent on upwind landscape characteristics and surficial soil properties, with maximum fluxes recorded in settings downwind of treated areas with long treatment length and unstable fine sand. Nonlinear patterns of wind erosion attributable to soil and fetch effects highlight the profound importance of landscape setting and soil properties as spatial factors to be considered in evaluating risks of alternative post-fire rehabilitation strategies. By Mar–Jul 2010, average flux for all plots declined by 73.6% relative to the comparable 2009 period primarily due to the establishment and growth of exotic annual plants rather than seeded perennial plants. Results suggest that treatments in sensitive erosion-prone settings generally exacerbated rather than mitigated wind erosion during the first 3 years post fire, although long-term effects remain uncertain.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aeolian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.04.001","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.E., Bowker, M.A., Reynolds, R.L., and Goldstein, H., 2012, Post-fire land treatments and wind erosion -- lessons from the Milford Flat Fire, UT, USA: Aeolian Research, v. 7, p. 29-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.04.001.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"44","ipdsId":"IP-028925","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269174,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.04.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,37.0 ], [ -114.0,42.0 ], [ -109.0,42.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -114.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51404e8ce4b089809dbf44c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark E.","contributorId":91580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":475285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":475283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L.","contributorId":32999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70157077,"text":"70157077 - 2012 - Automated measurement of diatom size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-08T13:39:56","indexId":"70157077","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated measurement of diatom size","docAbstract":"<p><span>Size analysis of diatom populations has not been widely considered, but it is a potentially powerful tool for understanding diatom life histories, population dynamics, and phylogenetic relationships. However, measuring cell dimensions on a light microscope is a time-consuming process. An alternative technique has been developed using digital flow cytometry on a FlowCAM&reg; (Fluid Imaging Technologies) to capture hundreds, or even thousands, of images of a chosen taxon from a single sample in a matter of minutes. Up to 30 morphological measures may be quantified through post-processing of the high resolution images. We evaluated FlowCAM size measurements, comparing them against measurements from a light microscope. We found good agreement between measurement of apical cell length in species with elongated, straight valves, including small&nbsp;</span><i>Achnanthidium minutissimum</i><span>&nbsp;(11-21 &micro;m) and large</span><i>Didymosphenia geminata</i><span>&nbsp;(87&ndash;137 &micro;m) forms. However, a taxon with curved cells,&nbsp;</span><i>Hannaea baicalensis</i><span>&nbsp;(37&ndash;96 &micro;m), showed differences of ~ 4 &micro;m between the two methods. Discrepancies appear to be influenced by the choice of feret or geodesic measurement for asymmetric cells. We describe the operating conditions necessary for analysis of size distributions and present suggestions for optimal instrument conditions for size analysis of diatom samples using the FlowCAM. The increased speed of data acquisition through use of imaging flow cytometers like the FlowCAM is an essential step for advancing studies of diatom populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lom.2012.10.882","usgsCitation":"Spaulding, S.A., Jewson, D.H., Bixby, R.J., Nelson, H., and McKnight, D.M., 2012, Automated measurement of diatom size: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 10, p. 882-890, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.882.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"882","endPage":"890","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036991","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.882","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f006a8e4b0dacf699e9fed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spaulding, Sarah A. 0000-0002-9787-7743 sspaulding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":1157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"Sarah","email":"sspaulding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jewson, David H.","contributorId":147390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jewson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16835,"text":"Freshwater Laboratory, University of Ulster, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bixby, Rebecca J.","contributorId":147389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bixby","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16834,"text":"Dept. of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, Univ of NM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nelson, Harry","contributorId":147391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Harry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16836,"text":"Fluid Imaging Technologies, Inc., Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70039418,"text":"70039418 - 2012 - Structural equation modeling and the analysis of long-term monitoring data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-26T15:58:02","indexId":"70039418","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T15:54:11","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"chapter":"15","title":"Structural equation modeling and the analysis of long-term monitoring data","docAbstract":"The analysis of long-term monitoring data is increasingly important; not only for the discovery and documentation of changes in environmental systems, but also as an enterprise whose fruits validate the allocation of effort and scarce funds to monitoring. In simple terms, we may distinguish between the detection of change in some ecosystem attribute versus the investigation of causes and consequences associated with that change. The statistical framework known as structural equation modeling (SEM) can contribute to both detection of changes and the search for causes. This chapter summarizes some of the capabilities of SEM and shows a few ways it can be used to model temporal change. Because of its ability to test hypotheses about whether rates of change are zero or nonzero, it can be used for change detection with repeated-measures data. As more of the capabilities of SEM are presented, its capacity for evaluating causal networks is highlighted. Here is where its potential for making a unique contribution to the analysis of long-term monitoring data is revealed. Thus, one?s primary motivation for using SEM with monitoring data will be to investigate hypotheses about what factors may be driving change. In this chapter, it will be necessary to first introduce notation to describe the elements of structural equation models (SE models) so as to permit an unambiguous presentation of their various forms. The first part of the chapter works through the fundamental features of models of increasing complexity, while the second part of the chapter illustrates several of these possibilities using a real example.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Design and analysis of long-term ecological monitoring studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","isbn":"9780521139298","usgsCitation":"Grace, J.B., Keeley, J.E., Johnson, D., and Bollen, A.K., 2012, Structural equation modeling and the analysis of long-term monitoring data, chap. 15 <i>of</i> Design and analysis of long-term ecological monitoring studies, p. 325-358.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"34","ipdsId":"IP-026622","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Darren 0000-0002-0502-6045 johnsond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-6045","contributorId":3663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Darren","email":"johnsond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bollen, A Kenneth Kenneth","contributorId":115504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollen","given":"A","suffix":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048356,"text":"70048356 - 2012 - Extended Kalman Filter framework for forecasting shoreline evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-23T11:29:52","indexId":"70048356","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T11:24:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extended Kalman Filter framework for forecasting shoreline evolution","docAbstract":"A shoreline change model incorporating both long- and short-term evolution is integrated into a data assimilation framework that uses sparse observations to generate an updated forecast of shoreline position and to estimate unobserved geophysical variables and model parameters. Application of the assimilation algorithm provides quantitative statistical estimates of combined model-data forecast uncertainty which is crucial for developing hazard vulnerability assessments, evaluation of prediction skill, and identifying future data collection needs. Significant attention is given to the estimation of four non-observable parameter values and separating two scales of shoreline evolution using only one observable morphological quantity (i.e. shoreline position).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012GL052180","usgsCitation":"Long, J., and Plant, N.G., 2012, Extended Kalman Filter framework for forecasting shoreline evolution: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, no. 13, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052180.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-037643","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gl052180","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278001,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052180"},{"id":277997,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012GL052180/abstract"}],"volume":"39","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"524162e5e4b0ec672f073ae8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1029/2012gl052180","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012gl052180","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Long Joseph W., Plant Nathaniel G.","journalName":"Geophysical Research Letters","publicationDate":"7/2012"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Joseph","contributorId":15106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70211072,"text":"70211072 - 2012 - Helicopter electromagnetic data map ice thickness at Mount Adams and Mount Baker, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-13T16:31:59.34607","indexId":"70211072","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T11:18:58","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Helicopter electromagnetic data map ice thickness at Mount Adams and Mount Baker, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ice-thickness measurements critical for flood and mudflow hazard studies are very sparse on Cascade Range (North America) volcanoes. Helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) data collected to detect hydrothermal alteration are used to determine ice thickness over portions of Mount Baker and Mount Adams volcanoes. A laterally continuous inversion method provides good estimates of ice &lt;100 m thick over water-saturated and altered regions where the resistivity of the basement is &lt;200 Ωm. For areas with ice overlying fresh, resistive rocks with small resistivity contrasts between ice and rock, ice thickness is not well resolved. The ice thicknesses derived from HEM data are consistent with the previous drillhole data from Mount Adams and radar data from both volcanoes, with mean thicknesses of 57 m for Mount Adams and 68 m for Mount Baker. The thickest ice on Mount Baker rests on the gentle lower slopes whereas the thickest ice at Mount Adams lies on the flat summit. Ice volume calculations suggest that Mount Baker contains ∽710 × 10</span><span class=\"sup\">6</span><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup><span class=\"sup\">3</span></sup><span>&nbsp;of ice in the HEM survey area, with a crude estimate of ∽1800 × 10</span><span class=\"sup\">6</span><span>m</span><sup><span class=\"sup\">3</span></sup><span>&nbsp;for the entire volcano. Ice volume on Mount Adams is 65 × 10</span><span class=\"sup\">6</span><span>m</span><sup><span class=\"sup\">3</span></sup><span><sup>&nbsp;</sup>in parts of the HEM survey area and ∽200 × 10</span><span class=\"sup\">6</span><span>m</span><sup><span class=\"sup\">3</span></sup><span>&nbsp;overall.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Glaciology Society","doi":"10.3189/2012JoG11J098","usgsCitation":"Finn, C.A., Deszcz-Pan, M., and Bedrosian, P.A., 2012, Helicopter electromagnetic data map ice thickness at Mount Adams and Mount Baker, Washington, USA: Journal of Glaciology, v. 58, no. 212, p. 1133-1143, https://doi.org/10.3189/2012JoG11J098.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1133","endPage":"1143","ipdsId":"IP-018539","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2012jog11j098","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Adams, Mount Baker","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.66122436523436,\n              46.059891147620725\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.38381958007812,\n              46.059891147620725\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.38381958007812,\n              46.31848113932307\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.66122436523436,\n              46.31848113932307\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.66122436523436,\n              46.059891147620725\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.91734313964844,\n              48.70410346344752\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7401885986328,\n              48.70410346344752\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7401885986328,\n              48.849806364881616\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.91734313964844,\n              48.849806364881616\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.91734313964844,\n              48.70410346344752\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"212","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, Maria 0000-0002-6298-5314 maryla@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-5314","contributorId":1263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"Maria","email":"maryla@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042268,"text":"ofr20121237 - 2012 - Establishment of sentinel sampling sites to monitor changes in water and sediment quality and biota related to visitor use at Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah, 2004-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T11:58:49","indexId":"ofr20121237","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1237","title":"Establishment of sentinel sampling sites to monitor changes in water and sediment quality and biota related to visitor use at Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah, 2004-2006","docAbstract":"Twenty sentinel sampling sites were established and sampled during 2004–06 at Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah, by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service—Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. The sentinel sampling sites provide sampling locations on Lake Powell, the Nation’s second largest reservoir that can be visited and sampled repeatedly over time to monitor changes in water and sediment quality and also biota. The sites were established in response to an Environmental Impact Statement that addressed the use of personal watercraft on Lake Powell. The use of personal watercraft can potentially introduce hydrocarbons and other contaminants and are of concern to the health of visitors and aquatic habitats of these environments. Data from this initial sampling period (2004–06) include (1) discrete measurements of water temperature, specific conductance, pH, and water clarity; (2) major ions, nutrients, and organic carbon; (3) trace elements including rare earths; (4) organic compounds including oil and grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds; (5) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in lakebed sediments; and (6) continuous depth profile measurements of water temperature, specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Also, the National Park Service-Glen Canyon National Recreation Area collected bacteria samples during this initial sampling period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121237","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, <a href=\"http://www.nps.gov/glca/\" target=\"_blank\">Glen Canyon National Recreation Area</a>","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.J., Taylor, H.E., and Anderson, G., 2012, Establishment of sentinel sampling sites to monitor changes in water and sediment quality and biota related to visitor use at Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah, 2004-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1237, Report: vi, 25 p.; Table 1; 6 Appendixes: A-F, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121237.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 25 p.; Table 1; 6 Appendixes: A-F","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1237.gif"},{"id":264957,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1237/of2012-1237_appendixes_a_c-f.xlsx"},{"id":264958,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1237/of2012-1237_appendix_b.xlsx"},{"id":264955,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1237/"},{"id":264956,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1237/of2012-1237_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon National Recreation Area;Lake Powell","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.75,36.75 ], [ -111.75,38.0 ], [ -110.25,38.0 ], [ -110.25,36.75 ], [ -111.75,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cff6e4b0a4aa5bb0aeda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Robert J. bhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Robert","email":"bhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, G.M.","contributorId":106373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042265,"text":"70042265 - 2012 - A general theory of multimetric indices and their properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T11:28:26","indexId":"70042265","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A general theory of multimetric indices and their properties","docAbstract":"1. Stewardship of biological and ecological resources requires the ability to make integrative assessments of ecological integrity. One of the emerging methods for making such integrative assessments is multimetric indices (MMIs). These indices synthesize data, often from multiple levels of biological organization, with the goal of deriving a single index that reflects the overall effects of human disturbance. Despite the widespread use of MMIs, there is uncertainty about why this approach can be effective. An understanding of MMIs requires a quantitative theory that illustrates how the properties of candidate metrics relates to MMIs generated from those metrics. \n2. We present the initial basis for such a theory by deriving the general mathematical characteristics of MMIs assembled from metrics. We then use the theory to derive quantitative answers to the following questions: Is there an optimal number of metrics to comprise an index? How does covariance among metrics affect the performance of the index derived from those metrics? And what are the criteria to decide whether a given metric will improve the performance of an index? \n3. We find that the optimal number of metrics to be included in an index depends on the theoretical distribution of signal of the disturbance gradient contained in each metric. For example, if the rank-ordered parameters of a metric-disturbance regression can be described by a monotonically decreasing function, then an optimum number of metrics exists and can often be derived analytically. We derive the conditions by which adding a given metric can be expected to improve an index. \n4. We find that the criterion defining such conditions depends nonlinearly of the signal of the disturbance gradient, the noise (error) of the metric and the correlation of the metric errors. Importantly, we find that correlation among metric errors increases the signal required for the metric to improve the index. \n5. The theoretical framework presented in this study provides the basis for understanding the properties of MMIs. It can also be useful throughout the index construction process. Specifically, it can be used to aid understanding of the benefits and limitations of combining metrics into indices; it can inform selection/collection of candidate metrics; and it can be used directly as a decision aid in effective index construction.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00200.x","usgsCitation":"Schoolmaster, D.R., Grace, J.B., and Schweiger, E.W., 2012, A general theory of multimetric indices and their properties: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 4, p. 773-781, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00200.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"773","endPage":"781","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-032416","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00200.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264942,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00200.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfd2e4b0a4aa5bb0ae47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoolmaster, Donald R. Jr. 0000-0003-0910-4458 schoolmasterd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-4458","contributorId":4746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoolmaster","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"schoolmasterd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schweiger, E. William","contributorId":53635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweiger","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70198150,"text":"70198150 - 2012 - Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70040972,"text":"70040972 - 2012 - Design and performance of radio telemetry systems for assessing juvenile fish passage at three hydroelectric dams","indexId":"70040972","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"6.5","title":"Design and performance of radio telemetry systems for assessing juvenile fish passage at three hydroelectric dams"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70198150,"text":"70198150 - 2012 - Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research","indexId":"70198150","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70040973,"text":"70040973 - 2012 - A history of telemetry in fishery research","indexId":"70040973","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"A history of telemetry in fishery research"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70198150,"text":"70198150 - 2012 - Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research","indexId":"70198150","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70040976,"text":"70040976 - 2012 - Optimization of radio telemetry receiving systems","indexId":"70040976","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"5.2","title":"Optimization of radio telemetry receiving systems"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70198150,"text":"70198150 - 2012 - Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research","indexId":"70198150","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":70040978,"text":"70040978 - 2012 - Techniques for telemetry transmitter attachment and evaluation of transmitter effects on fish performance: Chapter 4","indexId":"70040978","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Techniques for telemetry transmitter attachment and evaluation of transmitter effects on fish performance: Chapter 4"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70198150,"text":"70198150 - 2012 - Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research","indexId":"70198150","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":70040979,"text":"70040979 - 2012 - Introduction","indexId":"70040979","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"1","title":"Introduction"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70198150,"text":"70198150 - 2012 - Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research","indexId":"70198150","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":70040981,"text":"70040981 - 2012 - Developing a quality assurance plan for telemetry studies: A necessary management tool for an effective study","indexId":"70040981","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"9.3","title":"Developing a quality assurance plan for telemetry studies: A necessary management tool for an effective study"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70198150,"text":"70198150 - 2012 - Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research","indexId":"70198150","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":70040983,"text":"70040983 - 2012 - Using mark-recapture models to estimate survival from telemetry data: Chapter 9.2","indexId":"70040983","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Using mark-recapture models to estimate survival from telemetry data: Chapter 9.2"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70198150,"text":"70198150 - 2012 - Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research","indexId":"70198150","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research"},"id":7},{"subject":{"id":70040984,"text":"70040984 - 2012 - Bias from false-positive detections and strategies for their removal in studies using telemetry","indexId":"70040984","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"9.5","title":"Bias from false-positive detections and strategies for their removal in studies using telemetry"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70198150,"text":"70198150 - 2012 - Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research","indexId":"70198150","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research"},"id":8}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T17:39:18.521776","indexId":"70198150","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research","docAbstract":"<p>Telemetry provides a powerful and flexible tool for studying fish and other aquatic animals, and its use has become increasingly commonplace. However, telemetry is gear intensive and typically requires more specialized knowledge and training than many other field techniques. As with other scientific methods, collecting good data is dependent on an understanding of the underlying principles behind the approach, knowing how to use the equipment and techniques properly, and recognizing what to do with the data collected.</p><p>This book provides a road map for using telemetry to study aquatic animals, and provides the basic information needed to plan, implement, and conduct a telemetry study under field conditions. Topics include acoustic or radio telemetry study design, tag implantation techniques, radio and acoustic telemetry principles and case studies, and data management and analysis.</p><p>Chapters are written by biologists, technicians, and engineers from the private, academic, and government sectors, with decades of experience using these technologies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.47886/9781934874264","usgsCitation":"2012, Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research, 518 p., https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874264.","productDescription":"518 p.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fd6a3e4b0f5d57878f29b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah","contributorId":91604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740260,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740261,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eiler, John H.","contributorId":146952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eiler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740262,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157463,"text":"70157463 - 2012 - Genetic variation reveals influence of landscape connectivity on population dynamics and resiliency of western trout in disturbance-prone habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:33:18","indexId":"70157463","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":295,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":" RMRS-GTR-290","title":"Genetic variation reveals influence of landscape connectivity on population dynamics and resiliency of western trout in disturbance-prone habitats","docAbstract":"Salmonid fishes have evolved and persisted in dynamic ecosystems where disturbance events vary in frequency, magnitude, timing, and duration, as well as the specific nature of associated effects (e.g., changes in thermal or flow regimes, geomorphology, or water chemistry). In the western United States, one of the major drivers of disturbance in stream ecosystems is fire. Although there is a growing consensus that fish populations can ultimately benefit from the productive and heterogeneous habitats created by fire, to persist they obviously have to withstand the immediate and shorter-term effects of fire, which can reduce or even extirpate local populations. Movement among interconnected stream habitats is thought to be an important strategy enabling persistence during and following fire, and there is mounting concern that the extensive isolation of salmonid populations in fragmented habitats is reducing their resiliency to fire. In spite of this concern, there are few direct observations of salmonid responses to fire. In fact, guidance is based largely on a broader understanding of the influences of landscape structure and disturbance in general on salmonid fishes, and there is considerable uncertainty about how best to manage for salmonid resilience to wildfire. Studies are limited by the difficult logistics of following fish responses in the face of unpredictable events such as wildfires. Therefore, BACI (Before-After-Control-Impact) study designs are nearly impossible, and replication is similarly challenging because fires are often low-frequency events. Furthermore, conventional ecological study approaches (e.g., studies of fish distribution, abundance, life histories, and movement) are logistically difficult to implement. Overall, a major challenge to understanding resilience of salmonid populations in fire-prone environments is related to moving beyond localized case studies to those with broader applicability in wildfire management . Genetic data can be useful for overcoming many of the limitations inherent in ecological studies. Here we review several case studies of western trout where population genetic data have provided insight about fish responses to fragmentation and disturbance more generally, and specifically in relation to fire. Results of these studies confirm the importance of movement and landscape connectivity for ensuring fish persistence in fire-prone landscapes, and highlight the usefulness of genetic approaches for broad-scale evaluation and monitoring of population responses to fire and related management actions.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"US Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Helen M. Neville, Gresswell, R.E., and Dunham, J.B., 2012, Genetic variation reveals influence of landscape connectivity on population dynamics and resiliency of western trout in disturbance-prone habitats: Technical Report  RMRS-GTR-290, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"186","ipdsId":"IP-013149","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341046,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/41932"}],"country":"United States","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":3,"text":"Helena PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426c0e4b0e541a03e961c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helen M. Neville","contributorId":147922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helen M. Neville","affiliations":[{"id":6579,"text":"Trout Unlimited, Boise, ID, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":147808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70159493,"text":"70159493 - 2012 - A program for handling map projections of small-scale geospatial raster data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T15:11:27","indexId":"70159493","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1188,"text":"Cartographic Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A program for handling map projections of small-scale geospatial raster data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Scientists routinely accomplish small-scale geospatial modeling using raster datasets of global extent. Such use often requires the projection of global raster datasets onto a map or the reprojection from a given map projection associated with a dataset. The distortion characteristics of these projection transformations can have significant effects on modeling results. Distortions associated with the reprojection of global data are generally greater than distortions associated with reprojections of larger-scale, localized areas. The accuracy of areas in projected raster datasets of global extent is dependent on spatial resolution. To address these problems of projection and the associated resampling that accompanies it, methods for framing the transformation space, direct point-to-point transformations rather than gridded transformation spaces, a solution to the wrap-around problem, and an approach to alternative resampling methods are presented. The implementations of these methods are provided in an open-source software package called MapImage (or&nbsp;</span><i>mapIMG</i><span>, for short), which is designed to function on a variety of computer architectures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NACIS","doi":"10.14714/CP71.61","usgsCitation":"Finn, M.P., Steinwand, D.R., Trent, J.R., Buehler, R.A., Mattli, D.M., and Yamamoto, K.H., 2012, A program for handling map projections of small-scale geospatial raster data: Cartographic Perspectives, v. 71, p. 53-67, https://doi.org/10.14714/CP71.61.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040817","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14714/cp71.61","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56432339e4b0aafbcd017fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Michael P. 0000-0003-0415-2194 mfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-2194","contributorId":2657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Michael","email":"mfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinwand, Daniel R. steinwand@usgs.gov","contributorId":3224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Daniel","email":"steinwand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trent, Jason R.","contributorId":81187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trent","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buehler, Robert A.","contributorId":92369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buehler","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mattli, David M. dmattli@usgs.gov","contributorId":5606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattli","given":"David","email":"dmattli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":579607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yamamoto, Kristina H. khyamamoto@usgs.gov","contributorId":4490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamamoto","given":"Kristina","email":"khyamamoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70160584,"text":"70160584 - 2012 - Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T11:09:51","indexId":"70160584","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5651,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Committee Meeting Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center has conducted lake-wide surveys of the fish community in Lake Michigan each fall since 1973 using standard 12-m bottom trawls towed along contour at depths of 9 to 110 m at each of seven index transects. The resulting data on relative abundance, size and age structure, and condition of individual fishes are used to estimate various population parameters that are in turn used by state and tribal agencies in managing Lake Michigan fish stocks. All seven established index transects of the survey were completed in 2012. The survey provides relative abundance and biomass estimates between the 5-m and 114-m depth contours of the lake (herein, lake-wide) for prey fish populations, as well as burbot, yellow perch, and the introduced dreissenid mussels. Lake-wide biomass of alewives in 2012 was estimated at 9 kilotonnes (kt, 1 kt = 1000 metric tonnes), which continues the trend of unusually low alewife biomass since 2004 but represented a 20% increase from the 2011 estimate. The age distribution of alewives larger than 100 mm was dominated (i.e., 84%) by age-2. Record low biomass was observed for several species, including bloater (0.4 kt), rainbow smelt (0.1 kt), deepwater sculpin (1.5 kt), and ninespine stickleback (0.01 kt). Slimy sculpin lake-wide biomass was 0.73 kt in 2012, which was the third consecutive year revealing a decline. Estimated biomass of round goby increased by 79% to 3 kt. Burbot lake-wide biomass (0.5 kt in 2012) has remained below 3 kt since 2001. Numeric density of age-0 yellow perch (i.e., < 100 mm) was only 2 fish per ha, which is indicative of a relatively poor year-class. Lake-wide biomass estimates of dreissenid mussels have continued to increase from 2010, from 12 to 95 kt in 2012. Overall, the total lake-wide prey fish biomass estimate (sum of alewife, bloater, rainbow smelt, deepwater sculpin, slimy sculpin, round goby, and ninespine stickleback) in 2012 was 15 kt, which represented the lowest total biomass of the time series.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Madenjian, C.P., Desorcie, T.J., Kostich, M.J., Smith, K., and Adams, J.V., 2012, Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2012: Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Committee Meeting Report, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-044376","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake 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,{"id":70160585,"text":"70160585 - 2012 - Status of pelagic prey fishes in Lake Michigan, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:05:04","indexId":"70160585","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Status of pelagic prey fishes in Lake Michigan, 2012","docAbstract":"Acoustic surveys were conducted in late summer/early fall during the years 1992-1996 and 2001-2012 to estimate pelagic prey fish biomass in Lake Michigan. Midwater trawling during the surveys as well as target strength provided a measure of species and size composition of the fish community for use in scaling acoustic data and providing species-specific abundance estimates. The 2012 survey consisted of 26 acoustic transects (576 km total) and 31 midwater tows. Mean total prey fish biomass was 6.4 kg/ha (relative standard error, RSE = 15%) or 31 kilotonnes (kt = 1,000 metric tons), which was 1.5 times the estimate for 2011 and 22% of the long-term mean. The increase from 2011 resulted from increased biomass of age-0 alewife, age-1 or older alewife, and large bloater. The abundance of the 2012 alewife year class was similar to the average, and this year-class contributed 35% of total alewife biomass (4.9 kg/ha, RSE = 17%), while the 2010 alewife year-class contributed 58%. The 2010 year class made up 89% of age-1 or older alewife biomass. In 2012, alewife comprised 77% of total prey fish biomass, while rainbow smelt and bloater were 4 and 19% of total biomass, respectively. Rainbow smelt biomass in 2012 (0.25 kg/ha, RSE = 17%) was 40% of the rainbow smelt biomass in 2011 and 5% of the long term mean. Bloater biomass was much lower (1.2 kg/ha, RSE = 12%) than in the 1990s, and mean density of small bloater in 2012 (191 fish/ha, RSE = 24%) was lower than peak values observed in 2007-2009. In 2012, pelagic prey fish biomass in Lake Michigan was similar to Lake Superior and Lake Huron. Prey fish biomass remained well below the Fish Community Objectives target of 500-800 kt, and key native species remain absent or rare.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Warner, D.M., O’Brien, T.P., Farha, S., Claramunt, R., and Hanson, D., 2012, Status of pelagic prey fishes in Lake Michigan, 2012, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-044481","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312800,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glsc.usgs.gov/products/reports/467052780"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake 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0000-0001-9953-6996 sfarha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-6996","contributorId":5170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farha","given":"Steve A.","email":"sfarha@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Claramunt, Randall M.","contributorId":19047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"Randall M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanson, Dale","contributorId":43676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Dale","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70192104,"text":"70192104 - 2012 - Basin thickness variations at the Junction of the Eastern California Shear Zone and the San Bernardino Mountains, California:  How thick could the Pliocene sections be?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:38:47","indexId":"70192104","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Basin thickness variations at the Junction of the Eastern California Shear Zone and the San Bernardino Mountains, California:  How thick could the Pliocene sections be?","docAbstract":"We estimate the thickness of Neogene basin fill along the junction of the Eastern\nCalifornia Shear Zone and the North Frontal thrust system of the San Bernardino Mountains\nusing gravity data with geologic and well log constraints. The geometry of the basin fill is of\ninterest for groundwater assessment and location of potential faults, as well as providing an upper\nbound on the thickness of any potential, buried Pliocene sediments. Nearly one thousand new\ngravity measurements were collected along the North Frontal thrust system from Hesperia to\nJohnson Valley. Three-dimensional inverse modeling of the new and existing gravity data shows\nthat Neogene deposits are segmented into basins along the range front of the San Bernardino\nMountains. The Helendale fault, a dextral fault in the Eastern California Shear Zone, separates\nshallower basement (approximately 300 m depth) beneath Lucerne Valley east of the fault from\ndeeper basement (approximately 550 m or more) west of the fault. The thickest part of the basin\nfill is generally located near the San Bernardino Mountains and the basin shallows northward.\nThe amount of throw on the North Frontal thrust appears to decrease eastward, as the gravity\ngradient associated with the fault diminishes in amplitude. The thickness of basin fill away from\nthe North Frontal system and east of the Helendale fault is less than 100 to 200 m, except for local\npockets generally developed along strike-slip faults of the Eastern California Shear Zone and local\neast-west oriented depressions associated with folding of the basin fill.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Searching for the Pliocene: southern exposures, Annual Desert Symposium Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The 2012 Desert Research Symposium","conferenceDate":"October 2012","conferenceLocation":"Redlands, CA","language":"English","publisher":"California State University Desert Studies Center","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Surko, T.L., Armstrong, P.A., and Matti, J.C., 2012, Basin thickness variations at the Junction of the Eastern California Shear Zone and the San Bernardino Mountains, California:  How thick could the Pliocene sections be?, <i>in</i> Searching for the Pliocene: southern exposures, Annual Desert Symposium Proceedings, Redlands, CA, October 2012, p. 31-37.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"37","ipdsId":"IP-035779","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61053fe4b06e28e9c25524","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":151042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Surko, Tammy L.","contributorId":197760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Surko","given":"Tammy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armstrong, Phillip A.","contributorId":197761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matti, Jonathan C. 0000-0001-5961-9869 jmatti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-9869","contributorId":167192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmatti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70192488,"text":"70192488 - 2012 - Sexual selection and mating chronology of Lesser Prairie-Chickens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:45:26","indexId":"70192488","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexual selection and mating chronology of Lesser Prairie-Chickens","docAbstract":"Little is known about mate selection and lek dynamics of Lesser Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus). We collected data on male territory size and location on leks, behavior, and morphological characteristics and assessed the importance of these variables on male Lesser Prairie-Chicken mating success during spring 2008 and 2009 in the Texas Southern High Plains. We used discrete choice models and found that males that were less idle were chosen more often for mating. Our results also suggest that males with smaller territories obtained more copulations. Morphological characteristics were weaker predictors of male mating success. Peak female attendance at leks occurred during the 1-week interval starting 13 April during both years of study. Male prairie-chickens appear to make exploratory movements to, and from, leks early in the lekking season; 13 of 19 males banded early (23 Feb–13 Mar) in the lekking season departed the lek of capture and were not reobserved (11 yearlings, 2 adults). Thirty-three percent (range  =  26–51%) of males on a lek mated (yearlings  =  44%, adults  =  20%) and males that were more active experienced greater mating success.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/11-079.1","usgsCitation":"Behney, A.C., Grisham, B.A., Boal, C.W., Whitlaw, H.A., and Haukos, D.A., 2012, Sexual selection and mating chronology of Lesser Prairie-Chickens: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 124, no. 1, p. 96-105, https://doi.org/10.1676/11-079.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-026272","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61053fe4b06e28e9c25522","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behney, Adam C.","contributorId":171686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behney","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grisham, Blake A.","contributorId":75419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grisham","given":"Blake","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitlaw, Heather A.","contributorId":13026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlaw","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70189363,"text":"70189363 - 2012 - Using computational modeling of river flow with remotely sensed data to infer channel bathymetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T16:17:30","indexId":"70189363","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using computational modeling of river flow with remotely sensed data to infer channel bathymetry","docAbstract":"<p><span>As part of an ongoing investigation into the use of computational river flow and morphodynamic models for the purpose of correcting and extending remotely sensed river datasets, a simple method for inferring channel bathymetry is developed and discussed. The method is based on an inversion of the equations expressing conservation of mass and momentum to develop equations that can be solved for depth given known values of vertically-averaged velocity and water-surface elevation. The ultimate goal of this work is to combine imperfect remotely sensed data on river planform, water-surface elevation and water-surface velocity in order to estimate depth and other physical parameters of river channels. In this paper, the technique is examined using synthetic data sets that are developed directly from the application of forward two-and three-dimensional flow models. These data sets are constrained to satisfy conservation of mass and momentum, unlike typical remotely sensed field data sets. This provides a better understanding of the process and also allows assessment of how simple inaccuracies in remotely sensed estimates might propagate into depth estimates. The technique is applied to three simple cases: First, depth is extracted from a synthetic dataset of vertically averaged velocity and water-surface elevation; second, depth is extracted from the same data set but with a normally-distributed random error added to the water-surface elevation; third, depth is extracted from a synthetic data set for the same river reach using computed water-surface velocities (in place of depth-integrated values) and water-surface elevations. In each case, the extracted depths are compared to the actual measured depths used to construct the synthetic data sets (with two- and three-dimensional flow models). Errors in water-surface elevation and velocity that are very small degrade depth estimates and cannot be recovered. Errors in depth estimates associated with assuming water-surface velocities equal to depth-integrated velocities are substantial, but can be reduced with simple corrections.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"IAHR Riverflow 2012 Conference Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"IAHR Riverflow 2012 Conference","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J.M., McDonald, R.R., Kinzel, P.J., and Shimizu, Y., 2012, Using computational modeling of river flow with remotely sensed data to infer channel bathymetry, <i>in</i> IAHR Riverflow 2012 Conference Proceedings, p. 761-768.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"768","ipdsId":"IP-036984","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343613,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/b13250-115"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965babce4b0d1f9f05b38d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shimizu, Y.","contributorId":88177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimizu","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70190486,"text":"70190486 - 2012 - Concurrent speciation in the eastern woodland salamanders (Genus Plethodon):DNA sequences of the complete albumin nuclear and partialmitochondrial 12s genes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-05T08:59:05","indexId":"70190486","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Concurrent speciation in the eastern woodland salamanders (Genus <i>Plethodon</i>):DNA sequences of the complete albumin nuclear and partialmitochondrial 12s genes","title":"Concurrent speciation in the eastern woodland salamanders (Genus Plethodon):DNA sequences of the complete albumin nuclear and partialmitochondrial 12s genes","docAbstract":"Salamanders of the North American plethodontid genus Plethodon are important model organisms in a variety of studies that depend on a phylogenetic framework (e.g., chemical communication, ecological competition, life histories, hybridization, and speciation), and consequently their systematics has been intensively investigated over several decades. Nevertheless, we lack a synthesis of relationships among the species. In the analyses reported here we use new DNA sequence data from the complete nuclear albumin gene (1818 bp) and the 12s mitochondrial gene (355 bp), as well as published data for four other genes (Wiens et al., 2006), up to a total of 6989 bp, to infer relationships. We relate these results to past systematic work based on morphology, allozymes, and DNA sequences. Although basal relationships show a strong consensus across studies, many terminal relationships remain in flux despite substantial sequencing and other molecular and morphological studies. This systematic instability appears to be a consequence of contemporaneous bursts of speciation in the late Miocene and Pliocene, yielding many closely related extant species in each of the four eastern species groups. Therefore we conclude that many relationships are likely to remain poorly resolved in the face of additional sequencing efforts. On the other hand, the current classification of the 45 eastern species into four species groups is supported. The Plethodon cinereus group (10 species) is the sister group to the clade comprising the other three groups, but these latter groups (Plethodon glutinosus [28 species], Plethodon welleri [5 species], and Plethodon wehrlei [2 species]) probably diverged from each other at approximately the same time.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.018","usgsCitation":"Highton, R., Hastings, A.P., Palmer, C., Watts, R., Hass, C.A., Culver, M., and Arnold, S., 2012, Concurrent speciation in the eastern woodland salamanders (Genus Plethodon):DNA sequences of the complete albumin nuclear and partialmitochondrial 12s genes: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 63, no. 2, p. 278-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.018.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"278","endPage":"290","ipdsId":"IP-056780","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59afb79fe4b0e9bde1351141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Highton, Richard","contributorId":196137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Highton","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hastings, Amy Picard","contributorId":196138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hastings","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"Picard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmer, Catherine","contributorId":196139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watts, Richard","contributorId":196140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watts","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hass, Carla A.","contributorId":196141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hass","given":"Carla","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":4327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arnold, Stevan","contributorId":196142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Stevan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70193571,"text":"70193571 - 2012 - Digital elevation model generation from satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar: Chapter 5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T10:25:33","indexId":"70193571","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Digital elevation model generation from satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar: Chapter 5","docAbstract":"<p>An accurate digital elevation model (DEM) is a critical data set for characterizing the natural landscape, monitoring natural hazards, and georeferencing satellite imagery. The ideal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) configuration for DEM production is a single-pass two-antenna system. Repeat-pass single-antenna satellite InSAR imagery, however, also can be used to produce useful DEMs. DEM generation from InSAR is advantageous in remote areas where the photogrammetric approach to DEM generation is hindered by inclement weather conditions. There are many sources of errors in DEM generation from repeat-pass InSAR imagery, for example, inaccurate determination of the InSAR baseline, atmospheric delay anomalies, and possible surface deformation because of tectonic, volcanic, or other sources during the time interval spanned by the images. This chapter presents practical solutions to identify and remove various artifacts in repeat-pass satellite InSAR images to generate a high-quality DEM.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Advances in mapping from remote sensor imagery","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1201/b13770-6","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Dzurisin, D., Jung, H., Zhang, L., Lee, W., and Lee, C., 2012, Digital elevation model generation from satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar: Chapter 5, chap. <i>of</i> Advances in mapping from remote sensor imagery, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1201/b13770-6.","productDescription":"26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-037018","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61053ee4b06e28e9c2551a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":719397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jung, Hyung-Sup","contributorId":58382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"Hyung-Sup","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Zhang, Lei","contributorId":199545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Lei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lee, Wonjin","contributorId":199546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Wonjin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lee, Chang-Wook","contributorId":15748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Chang-Wook","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70193381,"text":"70193381 - 2012 - Distributional changes of American martens and fishers in eastern North America, 1699-2001: Chapter 4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-05T13:26:33","indexId":"70193381","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Distributional changes of American martens and fishers in eastern North America, 1699-2001: Chapter 4","docAbstract":"<p>Contractions in the geographic distributions of the American marten ( Martes americana) and fi sher ( M. pennanti) in eastern North America south of the St. Lawrence River between Colonial times (ca. 1650–1800) and the fi sher’s recent range expansion (ca. 1930–present) are well documented, but causal factors in these range contractions have only partially been studied. Traditional explanations for range contractions by both species are forest clearing and unregulated trapping; little consideration has been given to alternative explanations. It has been hypothesized that deep snow limits the distribution of fi shers, and that high fi sher populations limit the distribution of martens. I assessed the potential contributions of these factors to observed range contractions for these species by evaluating expected patterns of change in their historical distributions since Colonial times. Using published data on the distribution of martens and fi shers in eastern North America, including early and contemporary fur-harvest records ( n = 60,702), I found that broad-scale changes in their geographic distributions in eastern North America were consistent with 3 of those expectations, and partially so with a 4th. I recognize that retrospective analyses cannot establish the relative importance of land clearing, unregulated trapping, and changing climatic conditions on observed range contractions; nevertheless, when historical data from eastern North America are viewed in the context of long-term climate warming and the results of recent ecological studies, they suggest that traditional arguments may only partially explain historical range contractions for both species. This study further suggests that under a warming climate, northern range boundaries for the fi sher will expand, and southern range boundaries for the American marten will continue to contract. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and Conservation of Martens, Sables, and Fishers: A New Synthesis","language":"English","publisher":"Cornell University Press","isbn":"978-0-8014-5088-4","usgsCitation":"Krohn, W.B., 2012, Distributional changes of American martens and fishers in eastern North America, 1699-2001: Chapter 4, chap. <i>of</i> Biology and Conservation of Martens, Sables, and Fishers: A New Synthesis, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-020008","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/?GCOI=80140100360310"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.251953125,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ],\n            [\n              -55.458984375,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ],\n            [\n              -55.458984375,\n              52.696361078274485\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.251953125,\n              52.696361078274485\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.251953125,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61053ee4b06e28e9c2551e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krohn, William B.","contributorId":28225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70049351,"text":"70049351 - 2012 - Stochastic analyses to identify wellfield withdrawal effects on surface-water and groundwater in Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-05T15:21:15","indexId":"70049351","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-30T15:14:54","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic analyses to identify wellfield withdrawal effects on surface-water and groundwater in Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"Several stochastic analyses were conducted in Miami-Dade County, Florida, to evaluate the effects of\nwellfield withdrawal on aquifer water levels, canal stage, and canal flow. Multiyear data for withdrawals\nat four water-supply wellfields, water levels at the S-121 canal control structure and groundwater head at\na nearby monitoring well were used to determine the interrelation between wellfield withdrawals and\nwater levels in the canal and aquifer. A spectral analysis was performed first on the wellfield withdrawals,\nshowing similar patterns of fluctuations, but no well-defined seasonality. In order to compare\nwater-level response with withdrawals at each wellfield, the intercorrelation effects between wellfields\nwas removed through a ‘causal chain’ approach where the inter-wellfield correlation is used to isolate\nthe wellfield/water-level correlation.\n<br/>\n<p>Most computed correlations have magnitudes less than 5 percent, but with statistical significance\nabove 90 percent. Results indicate that withdrawals from the wellfields most distant from the canal had\nno significant correlation to the canal levels. However the highest correlation was not at the wellfield\nclosest to the canal, but at the two wellfields at the intermediate distance that have higher withdrawal\nrates. The hydraulic interconnectivity of the canal with the rest of the canal network, covering the study\narea, allows the canal equalizes with all connected canals. This explains why proximity to a particular\ncanal location does not appear to be as important a factor as the withdrawal rate. Groundwater levels are\nmore highly correlated to a wellfield on the same side of the canal, and to pumping wells in the same\nwellfield on the same side of the canal. This indicates that canals are an effective barrier and source/sink\nfor the groundwater. Further nonlinear correlation analysis indicates that high withdrawal rates disproportionally\naffect water levels and are the predominant effect on the canal.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.033","usgsCitation":"Swain, E., 2012, Stochastic analyses to identify wellfield withdrawal effects on surface-water and groundwater in Miami-Dade County, Florida: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 113, p. 15-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.033.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-021978","costCenters":[{"id":286,"text":"Florida Water Science Center-Ft. Lauderdale","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282057,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282056,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.033"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-dade County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.8736,25.1374 ], [ -80.8736,25.9794 ], [ -80.1179,25.9794 ], [ -80.1179,25.1374 ], [ -80.8736,25.1374 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"113","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7428e4b0b29085109606","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":23347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042221,"text":"sir20125285 - 2012 - Borehole geophysical, fluid, and hydraulic properties within and surrounding the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, 2010-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T10:51:07","indexId":"sir20125285","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5285","title":"Borehole geophysical, fluid, and hydraulic properties within and surrounding the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, 2010-11","docAbstract":"<p>The freshwater zone of the San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer is used by residents of San Antonio and numerous other rapidly growing communities in south-central Texas as their primary water supply source. This freshwater zone is bounded to the south and southeast by a saline-water zone with an intermediate zone transitioning from freshwater to saline water, the transition zone. As demands on this water supply increase, there is concern that the transition zone could potentially move, resulting in more saline water in current supply wells. Since 1985, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), San Antonio Water System (SAWS), and other Federal and State agencies have conducted studies to better understand the transition zone.</p>\n<p>During 2010 and 2011, the USGS, in cooperation with SAWS, conducted a study to further assess the potential for movement of the transition zone in part of the San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer. Equivalent freshwater heads were computed to investigate the transition from saline to freshwater zones in the San Antonio segment and evaluate the potential for lateral flow at the freshwater/saline-water interface. Data were collected within and surrounding the transition zone from 13 wells in four transects (East Uvalde, Tri-County, Fish Hatchery, and Kyle).</p>\n<p>Hydraulic head and geophysical log data were used to calculate equivalent freshwater heads and then analyzed to identify possible horizontal gradients across the transition zone and thus flow. Unlike previous studies that used indirect methods to calculate fluid conductivity from fluid resistivity, in this study geophysical tools that directly measured fluid conductivity were used. Electromagnetic (EM) flowmeter logs were collected under both ambient and stressed (pumping) conditions and were processed to identify vertical flow zones within the borehole.</p>\n<p>The San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer (the study area) is about 175 miles long and extends from the western groundwater divide near Brackettville in Kinney County to the eastern groundwater divide near Kyle in Hays County. The four transects consist of two to five wells per transect and were configured approximately perpendicular to and across the expected trace of the freshwater/saline-water interface.</p>\n<p>The deep flow zone indicated by the EM flowmeter data for East Uvalde transect well EU2 corresponds directly with a large, negative deflection of the fluid logs, indicating an inflow of fresher water from the Devils River Limestone. To the southwest, towards the freshwater/saline-water interface, this same flow zone was observed in well EU1, but with a reduction of flow, and displayed no apparent fluid curve deflections.</p>\n<p>The highest observed transmissivity of the study area was observed in the saline zone of the Tri-County transect, at well TC3, which had a total transmissivity of 24,900 square feet per day. Zones of high transmissivity throughout the study site were observed to not be continuous and are likely caused by localized secondary porosity such as intersecting faults or karst features.</p>\n<p>Although analyses of daily mean equivalent freshwater heads for the East Uvalde transect indicated that the gradient across the freshwater/saline-water interface varied between into and out of the freshwater zone, the data indicate that there was a slightly longer period during which the gradient was out of the freshwater zone. Analyses of all daily mean equivalent freshwater heads for the Tri-County transect indicated that the lateral-head gradients across the freshwater/saline-water interface were typically mixed (not indicative of flow into or out of freshwater zone). Assessment of the daily mean equivalent freshwater heads indicated that, although the lateral-head gradient at the Kyle transect varied between into and out of the freshwater zone, the lateral-head gradient was typically from the transition zone into the freshwater zone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125285","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.V., Stanton, G.P., and Lambert, R.B., 2012, Borehole geophysical, fluid, and hydraulic properties within and surrounding the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, 2010-11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5285, Report: viii, 65 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125285.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 65 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"77","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264903,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5285/pdf/sir2012-5285-app2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2"},{"id":264904,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5285/pdf/sir2012-5285-app3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3"},{"id":264905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5285.gif"},{"id":264902,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5285/downloads/sir2012-5285-app1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1"},{"id":264900,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5285/"},{"id":264901,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5285/pdf/sir2012-5285.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 14","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Atascosa County, Bexar County, Caldwell County, Comal County, Frio County, Guadalupe County, Hays County, Kinney County, Maverick County, Medina County, Travis County, Uvalde County, Wilson County, Zavala County","city":"San Antonio","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.75,28.5 ], [ -100.75,30.25 ], [ -97.25,30.25 ], [ -97.25,28.5 ], [ -100.75,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfe5e4b0a4aa5bb0ae90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Jonathan V. 0000-0003-0903-9713 jvthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9713","contributorId":2194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lambert, Rebecca B. 0000-0002-0611-1591 blambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-1591","contributorId":1135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Rebecca","email":"blambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042218,"text":"ofr20121260 - 2012 - Stratigraphic cross section of measured sections and drill holes of the Neslen Formation and adjacent formations, Book Cliffs Area, Colorado and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T14:55:55","indexId":"ofr20121260","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1260","title":"Stratigraphic cross section of measured sections and drill holes of the Neslen Formation and adjacent formations, Book Cliffs Area, Colorado and Utah","docAbstract":"<p>This study updates a stratigraphic cross section published as plate 2 in Kirschbaum and Hettinger (2004) Digital Data Series 69-G (<a data-mce-href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-g/\" href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-g/\">http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-g/</a>). The datum is a marine/tidal ravinement surface within the Cozzette Sandstone Member of the Iles Formation and the Thompson Canyon Sandstone and Sulphur Canyon Sandstone Beds of the Neslen Formation. One of the cores shown was included on the original cross section, and new core descriptions have been added to the upper part of the cored interval. A new core description (S178) is included in this report. Cores are stored in the U.S. Geological Survey Core Research Facility at the Denver Federal Center, Colorado. The following information has also been added to help define the stratigraphic framework: 1) At least five claystones interpreted as altered volcanic ashes have been identified and may give future workers a correlation tool within the largely continental section. 2) Thickness and general geometry of the Sego Sandstone, Buck Tongue of the Mancos Shale, and Castlegate Sandstone have been added to provide additional stratigraphic context. 3) The geometry in the Sego Sandstone, Buck Tongue of the Mancos Shale, and Castlegate Sandstone has been added to provide additional stratigraphic context. 4) Ammonite collections are from Gill and Hail. The zone of Didymoceras nebrascense projected into the East Salt Wash area is based on correlation of the flooding surface at the base of the Cozzette Member to this point as shown in Kirschbaum and Hettinger. 5) A leaf locality of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science is shown in its approximate stratigraphic position near Thompson Canyon. 6) A dinosaur locality of the Natural History Museum of Utah is shown in the Horse Canyon area measured section at the stratigraphic position where it was extracted.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121260","usgsCitation":"Kirschbaum, M.A., and Spear, B.D., 2012, Stratigraphic cross section of measured sections and drill holes of the Neslen Formation and adjacent formations, Book Cliffs Area, Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1260, 1 Sheet: 84.00 x 36.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121260.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 84.00 x 36.00 inches","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1260.jpg"},{"id":264895,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1260/"},{"id":264896,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1260/OF2012-1260.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah, Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Books Cliffs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.05,36.99 ], [ -114.05,42.0 ], [ -102.04,42.0 ], [ -102.04,36.99 ], [ -114.05,36.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4d714e4b0e8fec6ce368c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirschbaum, Mark A.","contributorId":25112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschbaum","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spear, Brianne D.","contributorId":15657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Brianne","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042217,"text":"sir20125262 - 2012 - Assessing potential effects of changes in water use with a numerical groundwater-flow model of Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T13:48:13","indexId":"sir20125262","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5262","title":"Assessing potential effects of changes in water use with a numerical groundwater-flow model of Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California","docAbstract":"Rapid growth and development within Carson Valley in Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California, has caused concern over the continued availability of groundwater, and whether the increased municipal demand could either impact the availability of water or result in decreased flow in the Carson River. Annual pumpage of groundwater has increased from less than 10,000 acre feet per year (acre-ft/yr) in the 1970s to about 31,000 acre-ft/yr in 2004, with most of the water used in agriculture. Municipal use of groundwater totaled about 10,000 acre-feet in 2000. In comparison, average streamflow entering the valley from 1940 to 2006 was 344,100 acre-ft/yr, while average flow exiting the valley was 297,400 acre-ft/yr. Carson Valley is underlain by semi-consolidated Tertiary sediments that are exposed on the eastern side and dip westward. Quaternary fluvial and alluvial deposits overlie the Tertiary sediments in the center and western side of the valley. The hydrology of Carson Valley is dominated by the Carson River, which supplies irrigation water for about 39,000 acres of farmland and maintains the water table less than 5 feet (ft) beneath much of the valley floor. Perennial and ephemeral watersheds drain the Carson Range and the Pine Nut Mountains, and mountain-front recharge to the groundwater system from these watersheds is estimated to average 36,000 acre-ft/yr. Groundwater in Carson Valley flows toward the Carson River and north toward the outlet of the Carson Valley. An upward hydraulic gradient exists over much of the valley, and artesian wells flow at land surface in some areas. Water levels declined as much as 15 ft since 1980 in some areas on the eastern side of the valley. Median estimated transmissivities of Quaternary alluvial-fan and fluvial sediments, and Tertiary sediments are 316; 3,120; and 110 feet squared per day (ft<sup>2</sup>/d), respectively, with larger transmissivity values in the central part of the valley and smaller values near the valley margins. A groundwater-flow model of Quaternary and Tertiary sediments in Carson Valley was developed using MODFLOW and calibrated to simulate historical conditions from water years 1971 through 2005. The 35-year transient simulation represented quarterly changes in precipitation, streamflow, pumping and irrigation. Inflows to the groundwater system simulated in the model include mountain-front recharge from watersheds in the Carson Range and Pine Nut Mountains, valley recharge from precipitation and land application of wastewater, agricultural recharge from irrigation, and septic-tank discharge. Outflows from the groundwater system simulated in the model include evapotranspiration from the water table and groundwater withdrawals for municipal, domestic, irrigation and other water supplies. The exchange of water between groundwater, the Carson River, and the irrigation system was represented with a version of the Streamflow Routing (SFR) package that was modified to apply diversions from the irrigation network to irrigated areas as recharge. The groundwater-flow model was calibrated through nonlinear regression with UCODE to measured water levels and streamflow to estimate values of hydraulic conductivity, recharge and streambed hydraulic-conductivity that were represented by 18 optimized parameters. The aquifer system was simulated as confined to facilitate numerical convergence, and the hydraulic conductivity of the top active model layers that intersect the water table was multiplied by a factor to account for partial saturation. Storage values representative of specific yield were specified in parts of model layers where unconfined conditions are assumed to occur. The median transmissivity (<i>T</i>) values (11,000 and 800 ft<sup>2</sup>/d for the fluvial and alluvial-fan sediments, respectively) are both within the third quartile of <i>T</i> values estimated from specific-capacity data, but <i>T</i> values for Tertiary sediments are larger than the third quartile estimated from specific-capacity data. The estimated vertical anisotropy for the Quaternary fluvial sediments (9,000) is comparable to the value estimated for a previous model of Carson Valley. The estimated total volume of mountain-front recharge is equivalent to a previous estimate from the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) watershed models, but less recharge is estimated for the Carson Range and more recharge is estimated for the Pine Nut Mountains than the previous estimate. Simulated flow paths indicate that groundwater flows faster through the center of Carson Valley and slower through the lower hydraulic-conductivity Tertiary sediments to the east. Shallow flow in the center of the valley is towards drainage channels, but deeper flow is generally directed toward the basin outlet to the north. The aquifer system is in a dynamic equilibrium with large inflows from storage in dry years and large outflows to storage in wet years. Pumping has historically been less than 10 percent of outflows from the groundwater system, and agricultural recharge has been less than 10 percent of inflows to the groundwater system. Three principal sources of uncertainty that affect model results are: (1) the hydraulic characteristics of the Tertiary sediments on the eastern side of the basin, (2) the composition of sediments beneath the alluvial fans and (3) the extent of the confining unit represented within fluvial sediments in the center of the basin. The groundwater-flow model was used in five 55-year predictive simulations to evaluate the long-term effects of different water-use scenarios on water-budget components, groundwater levels, and streamflow in the Carson River. The predictive simulations represented water years 2006 through 2060 using quarterly stress periods with boundary conditions that varied cyclically to represent the transition from wet to dry conditions observed from water years 1995 through 2004. The five scenarios included a base scenario with 2005 pumping rates held constant throughout the simulation period and four other scenarios using: (1) pumping rates increased by 70 percent, including an additional 1,340 domestic wells, (2A) pumping rates more than doubled with municipal pumping increased by a factor of four over the base scenario, (2B) pumping rates of 2A with 2,040 fewer domestic wells, and (3) pumping rates of 2A with 3,700 acres removed from irrigation. The 55-year predictive simulations indicate that increasing groundwater withdrawals under the scenarios considered would result in as much as 40 ft and 60 ft of water-table decline on the west and east sides of Carson Valley, respectively. The water table in the central part of the valley would remain essentially unchanged, but water-level declines of as much as 30 ft are predicted for the deeper, confined aquifer. The increased withdrawals would reduce the volume of groundwater storage and decrease the mean downstream flow in the Carson River by as much as 16,500 acre-ft/yr. If, in addition, 3,700 acres were removed from irrigation, the reduction in mean downstream flow in the Carson River would be only 6,500 acre-ft/yr. The actual amount of flow reduction is uncertain because of potential changes in irrigation practices that may not be accounted for in the model. The projections of the predictive simulations are sensitive to rates of mountain-front recharge specified for the Carson Range and the Pine Nut Mountains. The model provides a tool that can be used to aid water managers and planners in making informed decisions. A prudent management approach would include continued monitoring of water levels on both the east and west sides of Carson Valley to either verify the predictions of the groundwater-flow model or to provide additional data for recalibration of the model if the predictions prove inaccurate.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125262","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Carson Water Subconservancy District","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., Maurer, D.K., and Mayers, C., 2012, Assessing potential effects of changes in water use with a numerical groundwater-flow model of Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5262, x,  84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125262.","productDescription":"x,  84 p.","numberOfPages":"98","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5262.jpg"},{"id":264888,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5262/"},{"id":264889,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5262/pdf/sir2012-5262.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","county":"Alpine;Churchill;Douglas;Storey;Washoe","otherGeospatial":"Carson River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,38.25 ], [ -120.0,40.5 ], [ -118.0,40.5 ], [ -118.0,38.25 ], [ -120.0,38.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfe1e4b0a4aa5bb0ae7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayers, C.J.","contributorId":17410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayers","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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