Fungal, bacterial and malarial infections, as well as malnutrition caused heavy mortality in a group of wild-trapped canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) held in 10 × 3 × 2 m open water pens. Deaths occurred between 21 and 158 days after confinement and were associated with infections of Aspergillus fumigatus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., and Plasmodium sp. Infection and mortality was believed to result from reduced resistance associated with confinement. Fourteen canvasbacks released onto large ponds survived throughout the period during which the penned birds died.
Duplicate lots of 2-g lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were fed a purified diet alone and with equimolar supplements of aminoethanol, methylaminoethanol, dimethylaminoethanol, choline or betaine. Supplements of choline, methyl- and dimethylaminoethanol significantly increased growth rate and reduced liver fat content, whereas aminoethanol and betaine did not. These results suggest that trout biosyn-thesize choline from methyl- and dimethylaminoethanol but not from aminoethanol or betaine.
In another experiment triplicate lots of 5-g trout were fed diets containing graded levels (0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg) of choline. Growth results showed that the requirement for choline is no greater than 1,000 mg/kg of diet.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., 1976, Let us face the truth: Or a new look at diseases of fishes: Fisheries, v. 1, no. 4, p. 17-18.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446-1-4"},{"id":132268,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014281,"text":"1014281 - 1976 - Female homogamety in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) determined by gynogenesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-04T16:07:34.863634","indexId":"1014281","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Female homogamety in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) determined by gynogenesis","title":"Female homogamety in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) determined by gynogenesis","docAbstract":"Gynogenesis occurred in eggs of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) treated with X-irradiated milt from goldfish (Carassius auratus). Gynogenetic offspring were females, which indicates functional female homogamety in grass carp. Five of these gynogenetic fish were used as an egg source for a second generation of artificially gynogenetic fish. The percentage yield in this second generation was about the same as in the first, which suggests that the tendency to become diploid is not strongly heritable.
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An interactive conversational query system devised by the USGS retrieves information from the data bank through a standard computer terminal. The system is being developed in two phases. Phase I, which currently is available on a limited basis, contains published areal resource and chemical data. The primary objective of this phase is to retrieve, calculate, and tabulate coal-resource data by area on a local, regional, or national scale. Factors available for retrieval include: state, county, quadrangle, township, coal field, coal bed, formation, geologic age, source and reliability of data, and coal-bed rank, thickness, overburden, and tonnage, or any combinations of variables. In addition, the chemical data items include individual values for proximate and ultimate analyses, BTU value, and several other physical and chemical tests. Information will be validated and deleted or updated as needed. Phase II is being developed to store, retrieve, and manipulate basic point source coal data (e.g., field observations, drill-hole logs), including geodetic location; bed thickness; depth of burial; moisture; ash; sulfur; major-, minor-, and trace-element content; heat value; and characteristics of overburden, roof rocks, and floor rocks. The computer system may be used to generate interactively structure-contour or isoline maps of the physical and chemical characteristics of a coal bed or to calculate coal resources. ?? 1976.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(76)90062-5","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Carter, M., 1976, The national coal-resources data system of the U.S. geological survey: Computers & Geosciences, v. 2, no. 3, p. 331-340, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(76)90062-5.","startPage":"331","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266209,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(76)90062-5"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badf8e4b08c986b323e95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, M.D.","contributorId":31382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010231,"text":"70010231 - 1976 - Reduction of mare basalts by sulfur loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-08T16:51:39.345042","indexId":"70010231","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduction of mare basalts by sulfur loss","docAbstract":"Metallic Fe content and S abundance are inversely correlated in mare basalts. Either S volatilization from the melt results in reduction of Fe2+ to Fe0 or else high S content decreases Fe0 activity in the melt, thus explaining the correlation. All considerations favor the model that metallic iron in mare basalts is due to sulfur loss. The Apollo 11 and 17 mare basalt melts were probably saturated with S at the time of eruption; the Apollo 12 and 15 basalts were probably not saturated.
Non-mare rocks show a positive correlation of S abundance with metallic Fe content; it is proposed that this is due to the addition of meteoritic material having a fairly constant Fe0/S ratio. If true, metallic Fe content or S abundance in non-mare rocks provides a measure of degree of meteoritic contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(76)90042-9","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Brett, R., 1976, Reduction of mare basalts by sulfur loss: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 40, no. 9, p. 997-1004, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(76)90042-9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"997","endPage":"1004","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3dfe4b0e8fec6cdb9ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brett, R.","contributorId":106632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brett","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010913,"text":"70010913 - 1976 - Progress in remote sensing (1972-1976)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:15:49","indexId":"70010913","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3050,"text":"Photogrammetria","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progress in remote sensing (1972-1976)","docAbstract":"This report concerns the progress in remote sensing during the period 1972–1976. Remote sensing has been variously defined but is basically the art or science of telling something about an object without touching it.
\nDuring the past four years, the major research thrusts have been in three areas:
\n\n(1) computer-assisted enhancement and interpretation systems;
\n\n(2) earth science applications of Landsat data;
\n\n(3) and investigations of the usefulness of observations of luminescence, thermal infrared, and microwave energies.
Based on the data sales at the EROS Data Center, the largest users of the Landsat data are industrial companies, followed by government agencies (both national and foreign), and academic institutions.
\nThermal surveys from aircraft have become largely operational, however, significant research is being undertaken in the field of thermal modeling and analysis of high altitude images. Microwave research is increasing rapidly and programs are being developed for satellite observations. Microwave research is concentrating on oil spill detection, soil moisture measurement, and observations of ice distributions. Luminescence investigations offer promise for becoming a quantitative method of assessing vegetation stress and pollutant concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-8663(76)90013-2","issn":"00318663","usgsCitation":"Fischer, W.A., Hemphill, W.R., and Kover, A., 1976, Progress in remote sensing (1972-1976): Photogrammetria, v. 32, no. 2, p. 33-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-8663(76)90013-2.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"40","temporalStart":"1972-01-01","temporalEnd":"1976-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269814,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-8663(76)90013-2"},{"id":221493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8e67e4b0c8380cd7f191","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, W. A.","contributorId":91571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemphill, W. R.","contributorId":19525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kover, Allan","contributorId":24094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kover","given":"Allan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007780,"text":"1007780 - 1976 - Capturing and marking howler monkeys for field behavioral studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T15:23:10.650303","indexId":"1007780","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3118,"text":"Primates","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capturing and marking howler monkeys for field behavioral studies","docAbstract":"Methods for capturing and marking howler monkeys for ecological studies are discussed. Systems for capturing and handling animals are compared. A dart with liquid Sernylan for capture and Sernylan or Ketamine as a holding drug was preferred to darts using powdered succinylcholine chloride (SCC) and ether. The effectiveness of both Sernylan and SCC is compared and dosages are given for Sernylan in howler monkeys and SCC for howlers and capuchins. The advantages of Ketamine over ether as a holding drug are discussed. Animals can be marked with leg-bands, collars, and freeze-branding.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02382910","usgsCitation":"Scott, N., Scott, A., and Malmgren, L., 1976, Capturing and marking howler monkeys for field behavioral studies: Primates, v. 17, p. 527-533, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02382910.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"533","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5f37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, N.J. Jr.","contributorId":8407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"N.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, A.F.","contributorId":20284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malmgren, L.A.","contributorId":21495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malmgren","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007743,"text":"1007743 - 1976 - Twenty-ninth winter bird population study. No. 52. Catclaw-rabbitbrush desert wash","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:19","indexId":"1007743","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Twenty-ninth winter bird population study. No. 52. Catclaw-rabbitbrush desert wash","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Remsen, J., Berry, K., and Wessman, E., 1976, Twenty-ninth winter bird population study. No. 52. Catclaw-rabbitbrush desert wash: American Birds, v. 30.","productDescription":"p. 1061","startPage":"1061","numberOfPages":"1061","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623c4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remsen, J.V. Jr.","contributorId":82258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remsen","given":"J.V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wessman, E.","contributorId":32114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessman","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007740,"text":"1007740 - 1976 - Twenty-ninth winter bird population study. No. 49. Creosote-burro bush desert scrub","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:15","indexId":"1007740","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Twenty-ninth winter bird population study. No. 49. Creosote-burro bush desert scrub","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Remsen, J., Wessman, E., and Berry, K., 1976, Twenty-ninth winter bird population study. No. 49. Creosote-burro bush desert scrub: American Birds, v. 30.","productDescription":"p. 1059","startPage":"1059","numberOfPages":"1059","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623c41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remsen, J.V. Jr.","contributorId":82258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remsen","given":"J.V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wessman, E.","contributorId":32114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessman","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010045,"text":"70010045 - 1976 - Distribution of small channels on the Martian surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-28T16:44:58.760113","indexId":"70010045","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of small channels on the Martian surface","docAbstract":"The distribution of small channels on Mars has been mapped from Mariner 9 images, at the 1:5 000 000 scale, by the author. The small channels referred to here are small valleys ranging in width from the resolution limit of the Mariner 9 wide-angle images (???1 km) to about 10 km. The greatest density of small band occurs in dark cratered terrain. This dark zone forms a broad subequatorial band around the planet. The observed distribution may be the result of decreased small-channel visibility in bright areas due to obscuration by a high albedo dust or sediment mantle. Crater densities within two small-channel segments show crater size-frequency distributions consistent with those of the oldest of the heavily cratered plains units. Such crater densities coupled with the almost exclusive occurrence of small channels in old cratered terrain and the generally degraded appearance of small channels in the high-resolution images (???100 m) imply a major episode of small-channel formation early in Martian geologic history. ?? 1976.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(76)90182-2","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Pieri, D., 1976, Distribution of small channels on the Martian surface: Icarus, v. 27, no. 1, p. 25-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(76)90182-2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0301e4b0c8380cd502cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pieri, D.","contributorId":80814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieri","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}