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\nTo achieve this benefit, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines implemented a second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (PRISM-II) in 2006 to consolidate, synthesize, and interpret all of the existing data, create a new 1:1,000,000 scale geologic map, and define the mineral resource potential of the country. A consortium in which the USGS was the lead scientific agency carried out the majority of the PRISM-II work. In 2008, the USGS Mauritania Minerals Project was interrupted due to political changes in Mauritania. PRISM-II work resumed in 2011, and was completed in 2013 with the delivery of over 40 separate written reports and plates, an access file containing the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database, and an interactive GIS containing all of the multi-disciplinary data and interpretive areas of mineral resource potential in Mauritania.
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\nTo achieve this benefit, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines implemented a second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (PRISM-II) in 2006 to consolidate, synthesize, and interpret all of the existing data, create a new 1:1,000,000 scale geologic map, and define the mineral resource potential of the country. A consortium in which the USGS was the lead scientific agency carried out the majority of the PRISM-II work. In 2008, the USGS Mauritania Minerals Project was interrupted due to political changes in Mauritania. PRISM-II work resumed in 2011, and was completed in 2013 with the delivery of over 40 separate written reports and plates, an access file containing the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database, and an interactive GIS containing all of the multi-disciplinary data and interpretive areas of mineral resource potential in Mauritania.
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2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T14:21:33","indexId":"ofr20131280J1","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"J1","title":"Permissive tracts for sediment-hosted lead-zinc-silver deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 72): Chapter J1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","docAbstract":"In 1996, at the request of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, a team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists produced a strategic plan for the acquisition, improvement and modernization of multidisciplinary sets of data to support the growth of the Mauritanian minerals sector and to highlight the geological and mineral exploration potential of the country. In 1999, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania implemented a program for the acquisition of the recommended basic geoscientific information, termed the first Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (Project for Institutional Capacity Building in the Mining Sector, PRISM-I). As a result of the PRISM-I efforts, a great deal of new geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing, and hydrological data became available for evaluation and synthesis. However, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines recognized that additional work was required to extract the full benefit of the data before it could be of greatest use to the international community and of benefit to the Mauritanian minerals and development sector.
\nTo achieve this benefit, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines implemented a second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (PRISM-II) in 2006 to consolidate, synthesize, and interpret all of the existing data, create a new 1:1,000,000 scale geologic map, and define the mineral resource potential of the country. A consortium in which the USGS was the lead scientific agency carried out the majority of the PRISM-II work. In 2008, the USGS Mauritania Minerals Project was interrupted due to political changes in Mauritania. PRISM-II work resumed in 2011, and was completed in 2013 with the delivery of over 40 separate written reports and plates, an access file containing the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database, and an interactive GIS containing all of the multi-disciplinary data and interpretive areas of mineral resource potential in Mauritania.
\nThis report contains the USGS results of the PRISM-II Mauritania Minerals Project and is presented in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The Report is composed of separate chapters consisting of multidisciplinary interpretive reports with accompanying plates on the geology, structure, geochronology, geophysics, hydrogeology, geochemistry, remote sensing (Landsat TM and ASTER), and SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models of Mauritania. The syntheses of these multidisciplinary data formed the basis for additional chapters containing interpretive reports on 12 different commodities and deposit types known to occur in Mauritania, accompanied by countrywide mineral resource potential maps of each commodity/deposit type. The commodities and deposit types represented include: (1) Ni, Cu, PGE, and Cr deposits hosted in ultramafic rocks; (2) orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits; (3) polymetallic Pb-Zn-Cu vein deposits; (4) sediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag deposits of the SEDEX and Mississippi Valley-type; (5) sediment-hosted copper deposits; ( 6) volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits; (7) iron oxide copper-gold deposits; (8) uranium deposits; (9) Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits; (10) shoreline Ti-Zr placer deposits; (11) incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatites, alkaline rocks, and carbonatites, and; (12) industrial mineral deposits. Additional chapters include the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database are accompanied by an explanatory text and the Mauritania Minerals Project GIS that contains all of the interpretive layers created by USGS scientists. Raw data not in the public domain may be obtained from the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines in Nouakchott, Mauritania.
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Recent sea-ice declines have been linked to reductions in body condition, survival, and population size. Reduced foraging opportunity is hypothesized to be the primary cause of sea-ice-linked declines, but the costs of travel through a deteriorated sea-ice environment also may be a factor. We used movement data from 52 adult female polar bears wearing Global Positioning System (GPS) collars, including some with dependent young, to document long-distance swimming (>50 km) by polar bears in the southern Beaufort and Chukchi seas. During 6 years (2004-2009), we identified 50 long-distance swims by 20 bears. Swim duration and distance ranged from 0.7 to 9.7 days (mean = 3.4 days) and 53.7 to 687.1 km (mean = 154.2 km), respectively. Frequency of swimming appeared to increase over the course of the study. We show that adult female polar bears and their cubs are capable of swimming long distances during periods when extensive areas of open water are present. However, long-distance swimming appears to have higher energetic demands than moving over sea ice. Our observations suggest long-distance swimming is a behavioral response to declining summer sea-ice conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council of Canada","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Canada","doi":"10.1139/Z2012-033","usgsCitation":"Pagano, A.M., Durner, G.M., Simac, K.S., York, G., and Amstrup, S.C., 2012, Long-distance swimming by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea during years of extensive open water: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 90, no. 5, p. 663-676, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z2012-033.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"663","endPage":"676","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035037","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a93e4b08de9379b3106","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pagano, Anthony M. 0000-0003-2176-0909 apagano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-0909","contributorId":3884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagano","given":"Anthony","email":"apagano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simac, Kristin S. 0000-0002-4072-1940 ksimac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-1940","contributorId":131096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simac","given":"Kristin","email":"ksimac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"York, G.S.","contributorId":103857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70121535,"text":"tm11B4 - 2012 - Lidar base specification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-30T12:53:53","indexId":"tm11B4","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-25T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"11-B4","displayTitle":"Lidar Base Specification","title":"Lidar base specification","docAbstract":"In late 2009, a $14.3 million allocation from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) for new light detection and ranging (lidar) elevation data acquisition prompted the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Geospatial Program (NGP) to develop a common minimum specification for all lidar data acquired for The National Map. Released as a working draft in 2010 and formally published in 2012, the USGS–NGP Lidar Base Specification (LBS) was quickly embraced by numerous States, counties, and foreign countries as the foundation for their own lidar specifications.
Prompted by a growing appreciation for the wide applicability and inherent value of lidar, a consortium of Federal agencies commissioned the National Enhanced Elevation Assessment (NEEA) study in 2010 to quantify the costs and benefits of a national lidar program. Published in 2012, the NEEA report documented a substantial return on such an investment, defined five quality levels (QL) for elevation data, and recommended an 8-year collection cycle of QL2 lidar data as the optimum balance of benefit and affordability. In response to the study, the USGS–NGP established the 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) in 2013 as the interagency vehicle through which the NEEA recommendations could be realized.
Lidar is a quickly evolving technology and much has changed in the industry since the previous version of the Lidar Base Specification (LBS) was published. Lidar data have improved in accuracy and spatial resolution, the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing has revised the geospatial accuracy standards, industry standard file formats have been expanded, additional applications for lidar have become accepted, and the need for interoperable data across collections has been realized. This revision to the LBS addresses some of those changes and provides continued guidance towards a nationally consistent lidar dataset.
Future versions of the Lidar base specification will be released online at https://www.usgs.gov/3DEP/lidarspec.
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U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Understanding the hydrodynamics and sediment transport dynamics in tidal channels is important for studies of estuary geomorphology, sediment supply to tidal wetlands, aquatic ecology and fish habitat, and dredging and navigation. Hydrodynamic and sediment transport data are essential for calibration and testing of numerical models that may be used to address management questions related to these topics. Herein we report preliminary analyses of near-bed turbulence and sediment flux measurements in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, a large network of tidal channels and wetlands located at the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, California, USA (Figure 1). Measurements were made in 6 channels spanning a wide range of size and tidal conditions, from small channels that are primarily fluvial to large channels that are tidally dominated. The results of these measurements are summarized herein and the hydrodynamic and sediment transport characteristics of the channels are compared across this range of size and conditions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Hydraulic Measurement and Experimental Methods Conference, Snowbird, Utah, August 12-15, 2012","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurement and Experimental Methods Conference","conferenceDate":"August 12, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Snowbird, Utah","language":"English","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., and Whealdon-Haught, D., 2012, Near-bed turbulence and sediment flux measurements in tidal channels, in Proceedings of the Hydraulic Measurement and Experimental Methods Conference, Snowbird, Utah, August 12-15, 2012, Snowbird, Utah, August 12, 2012, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038033","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/projects/baydelta/publications.html"},{"id":324598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 38.098901948321256\n ],\n [\n -121.85760498046875,\n 38.01239425385966\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 37.95827503526034\n ],\n [\n -121.46347045898438,\n 37.966936792535144\n ],\n [\n -121.47720336914062,\n 38.25974980039479\n ],\n [\n -121.8878173828125,\n 38.23386541556983\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 38.098901948321256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2a1e4b07dd077c6a780","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, S.A.","contributorId":90080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whealdon-Haught, D.R.","contributorId":172409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whealdon-Haught","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70120698,"text":"70120698 - 2012 - Developing a national stream morphology data exchange: needs, challenges, and opportunities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T15:14:43","indexId":"70120698","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T14:41:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing a national stream morphology data exchange: needs, challenges, and opportunities","docAbstract":"Stream morphology data, primarily consisting of channel and foodplain geometry and bed material size measurements, historically have had a wide range of applications and uses including culvert/ bridge design, rainfall- runoff modeling, food inundation mapping (e.g., U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency food insurance studies), climate change studies, channel stability/sediment source investigations, navigation studies, habitat assessments, and landscape change research. The need for stream morphology data in the United States, and thus the quantity of data collected, has grown substantially over the past 2 decades because of the expanded interests of resource management agencies in watershed management and restoration. The quantity of stream morphology data collected has also increased because of state-of-the-art technologies capable of rapidly collecting high-resolution data over large areas with heretofore unprecedented precision. Despite increasing needs for and the expanding quantity of stream morphology data, neither common reporting standards nor a central data archive exist for storing and serving these often large and spatially complex data sets. We are proposing an open- access data exchange for archiving and disseminating stream morphology data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2012EO200005","usgsCitation":"Collins, M.J., Gray, J.R., Peppler, M.C., Fitzpatrick, F.A., and Schubauer-Berigan, J.P., 2012, Developing a national stream morphology data exchange: needs, challenges, and opportunities: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 93, no. 20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012EO200005.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"195","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292325,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012EO200005"}],"volume":"93","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ec6e4b0bfa1f993ef05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Mathias J.","contributorId":19086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Mathias","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peppler, Marie C. 0000-0002-1120-9673 mpeppler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-9673","contributorId":825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peppler","given":"Marie","email":"mpeppler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P.","contributorId":106220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubauer-Berigan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70118983,"text":"70118983 - 2012 - Social.Water - A crowdsourcing tool for environmental data acquisition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-04T10:00:29","indexId":"70118983","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-04T09:59:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Social.Water - A crowdsourcing tool for environmental data acquisition","docAbstract":"Remote telemetry has a long history of use for collection of environmental measurements. With the rise of mobile phones and SMS text-messaging capacity, many members of the general pubic carry communications equipment in their pockets at all times. Enabling the general public to provide environmental data through text messages has the potential both to provide additional data to scientific projects and also to raise awareness of the projects through participation. Hydrologic measurements – some of which can be made without training, involve a single measurement, and are often made in rural areas – are well-suited to text-message conveyance. Many other environmental measurements are similarly well-suited for this technology. Social.Water is a software package, written in Python, that collects, parses, and categorizes text messages sent to a dedicated phone number, updates a simple database, and posts both graphical results and the database on the Web. Social.Water was designed as the backend to the Crowdhydrology project and is written in an object-oriented design that makes customization and modification straightforward.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2012.06.015","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., and Lowry, C., 2012, Social.Water - A crowdsourcing tool for environmental data acquisition: Computers & Geosciences, v. 49, p. 164-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.06.015.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"169","ipdsId":"IP-038629","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291545,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.06.015"}],"volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e5de4b0beb42bdca496","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowry, Christopher","contributorId":82232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118333,"text":"70118333 - 2012 - Holocene seasonal variability inferred from multiple proxy records from Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T13:53:32","indexId":"70118333","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T13:49:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene seasonal variability inferred from multiple proxy records from Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, USA","docAbstract":"A 9400-yr-old record from Crevice Lake, a semi-closed alkaline lake in northern Yellowstone National Park, was analyzed for pollen, charcoal, geochemistry, mineralogy, diatoms, and stable isotopes to develop a nuanced understanding of Holocene environmental history in a region of northern Rocky Mountains that receives both summer and winter precipitation. The limited surface area, conical bathymetry, and deep water (> 31 m) of Crevice Lake create oxygen-deficient conditions in the hypolimnion and preserve annually laminated sediment (varves) for much of the record. Pollen data indicate that the watershed supported a closed Pinus-dominated forest and low fire frequency prior to 8200 cal yr BP, followed by open parkland until 2600 cal yr BP, and open mixed-conifer forest thereafter. Fire activity shifted from infrequent stand-replacing fires initially to frequent surface fires in the middle Holocene and stand-replacing events in recent centuries. Low values of δ18O suggest high winter precipitation in the early Holocene, followed by steadily drier conditions after 8500 cal yr BP. Carbonate-rich sediments before 5000 cal yr BP imply warmer summer conditions than after 5000 cal yr BP. High values of molybdenum (Mo), uranium (U), and sulfur (S) indicate anoxic bottom-waters before 8000 cal yr BP, between 4400 and 3900 cal yr BP, and after 2400 cal yr BP. The diatom record indicates extensive water-column mixing in spring and early summer through much of the Holocene, but a period between 2200 and 800 cal yr BP had strong summer stratification, phosphate limitation, and oxygen-deficient bottom waters. Together, the proxy data suggest wet winters, protracted springs, and warm effectively wet summers in the early Holocene and less snowpack, cool springs, warm dry summers in the middle Holocene. In the late Holocene, the region and lake experienced extreme changes in winter, spring, and summer conditions, with particularly short springs and dry summers and winters during the Roman Warm Period (~ 2000 cal yr BP) and Medieval Climate Anomaly (1200–800 cal yr BP). Long springs and mild summers occurred during the Little Ice Age, and these conditions persist to the present. Although the proxy data indicate effectively wet summer conditions in the early Holocene and drier conditions in the middle and late Holocene, none point specifically to changes in summer precipitation as the cause. Instead, summer conditions were governed by multi-seasonal controls on effective moisture that operated over multiple time scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.03.001","usgsCitation":"Whitlock, C., Dean, W.E., Fritz, S.C., Stevens, L.R., Stone, J., Power, M.J., Rosenbaum, J.R., Pierce, K.L., and Bracht-Flyr, B.B., 2012, Holocene seasonal variability inferred from multiple proxy records from Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 331-332, p. 90-103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.03.001.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"103","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/388","text":"External Repository"},{"id":291184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291183,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.03.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Crevice Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.5799524,44.9991884 ], [ -110.5799524,45.0023427 ], [ -110.5759534,45.0023427 ], [ -110.5759534,44.9991884 ], [ -110.5799524,44.9991884 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"331-332","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3c1e4b0bc0bec0a0b7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitlock, Cathy","contributorId":79745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitlock","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":496778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fritz, Sherilyn C.","contributorId":30155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"Sherilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, Lora R.","contributorId":34059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Lora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, Jeffery R.","contributorId":95501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Jeffery R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Power, Mitchell J.","contributorId":79032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"Mitchell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rosenbaum, Joseph R.","contributorId":89461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bracht-Flyr, Brandi B.","contributorId":25877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bracht-Flyr","given":"Brandi","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70118309,"text":"70118309 - 2012 - Distribution of potentially bioavailable natural organic carbon in aquifer sediments at a chloroethene-contaminated site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T13:03:15","indexId":"70118309","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T12:59:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of potentially bioavailable natural organic carbon in aquifer sediments at a chloroethene-contaminated site","docAbstract":"The distribution of natural organic carbon was investigated at a chloroethene-contaminated site where complete reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE) to vinyl chloride and ethene was observed. In this study, operationally defined potentially bioavailable organic carbon (PBOC) was measured in surficial aquifer sediment samples collected at varying depths and locations in the vicinity of a dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source and aqueous phase plume. The relationship between chloroethene concentrations and PBOC levels was examined by comparing differences in extractable organic carbon in aquifer sediments with minimal chloroethene exposure relative to samples collected in the source zone. Using performance-monitoring data, direct correlations with PBOC were also developed with chloroethene concentrations in groundwater. Results show a logarithm-normal distribution for PBOC in aquifer sediments with a mean concentration of 187 mg/kg. PBOC levels in sediments obtained from the underlying confining unit were generally greater when compared to sediments collected in the sandy surficial aquifer. Results demonstrated a statistically significant inverse correlation (p=0.007) between PBOC levels in aquifer sediments and chloroethene concentrations for selected monitoring wells in which chloroethene exposure was the highest. Results from laboratory exposure assays also demonstrated that sediment samples exhibited a reduction in PBOC levels of 35% and 73%, respectively, after a 72-h exposure period to PCE (20,000 μg/L). These results support the notion that PBOC depletion in sediments may be expected in chloroethene-contaminated aquifers, which has potential implications for the long-term sustainability of monitored natural attenuation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000597","usgsCitation":"Thomas, L., Widdowson, M., Chapelle, F.H., Novak, J., Boncal, J., and Lebron, C.A., 2012, Distribution of potentially bioavailable natural organic carbon in aquifer sediments at a chloroethene-contaminated site: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 139, no. 1, p. 54-60, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000597.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291160,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000597"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Parris Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.710797,32.319317 ], [ -80.710797,32.338174 ], [ -80.678783,32.338174 ], [ -80.678783,32.319317 ], [ -80.710797,32.319317 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"139","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3c1e4b0bc0bec0a0b7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, L.K.","contributorId":66608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Widdowson, M.A.","contributorId":46262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Novak, J.T.","contributorId":86559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novak","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boncal, J.E.","contributorId":14309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boncal","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lebron, C. A.","contributorId":102810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebron","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70118264,"text":"70118264 - 2012 - The first direct evidence of pre-columbian sources of palygorskite for Maya Blue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T10:36:52","indexId":"70118264","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T10:34:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The first direct evidence of pre-columbian sources of palygorskite for Maya Blue","docAbstract":"Maya Blue, a nano-structured clay–organic complex of palygorskite and indigo, was used predominantly before the Spanish Conquest. It has fascinated chemists, material scientists, archaeologists and art historians for decades because it is resistant to the effect of acids, alkalis, and other reagents, and its rich color has persisted for centuries in the harsh tropical climate of southern Mesoamerica. One of its components, palygorskite, is part of modern Maya indigenous knowledge, and ethnohistoric and archaeological data suggest that its modern sources were probably utilized in Prehispanic times. Yet no direct evidence verifies that palygorskite was actually mined from these sources to make Maya Blue. Here we characterize these sources compositionally, and compare our analyses to those of Maya Blue from Chichén Itzá and Palenque. We demonstrate that the palygorskite in most of these samples came from modern mines, providing the first direct evidence for the use of these sources for making Maya Blue. These findings reveal that modern Maya indigenous knowledge about palygorskite, its mining, and its source locations, is at least seven centuries old.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2012.02.036","usgsCitation":"Arnold, D., Bohor, B., Neff, H., Feinman, G.M., Williams, P.R., Dussubieux, L., and Bishop, R., 2012, The first direct evidence of pre-columbian sources of palygorskite for Maya Blue: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 39, no. 7, p. 2252-2260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2012.02.036.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2252","endPage":"2260","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291120,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2012.02.036"}],"volume":"39","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3c1e4b0bc0bec0a0b89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, Dean E.","contributorId":73117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"Dean E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohor, Bruce F.","contributorId":104823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohor","given":"Bruce F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neff, Hector","contributorId":102400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"Hector","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feinman, Gary M.","contributorId":11959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinman","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, Patrick Ryan","contributorId":14746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dussubieux, Laure","contributorId":58577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dussubieux","given":"Laure","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bishop, Ronald","contributorId":67809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70118069,"text":"70118069 - 2012 - Development and application of methods used to source prehistoric Southwestern maize: a review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T13:07:12","indexId":"70118069","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T13:03:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and application of methods used to source prehistoric Southwestern maize: a review","docAbstract":"Archaeological cobs free of mineral contaminants should be used to source the soils in which they were grown. Mineral contaminants often contain much higher concentrations of metals than vegetal materials and can alter a cob’s apparent metal and heavy-isotope content. Cleaning a cob via immersion in an acid solution for more than a few minutes will result in the incongruent and sometimes complete leaching of metals, including strontium (Sr), from the cob. When using 87Sr/