{"pageNumber":"605","pageRowStart":"15100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70047399,"text":"cir1385 - 2013 - The quality of our Nation's waters: factors affecting public-supply-well vulnerability to contamination: understanding observed water quality and anticipating future water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T17:05:25.681022","indexId":"cir1385","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-05T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1385","title":"The quality of our Nation's waters: factors affecting public-supply-well vulnerability to contamination: understanding observed water quality and anticipating future water quality","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, a study was conducted from 2001 to 2011 to shed light on factors that affect the vulnerability of water from public-supply wells to contamination (referred to hereafter as “public-supply-well vulnerability”). The study was designed as a follow-up to earlier NAWQA studies that found mixtures of contaminants at low concentrations in groundwater near the water table in urban areas across the Nation and, less frequently, in deeper groundwater typically used for public supply.\n\nBeside the factors affecting public-supply-well vulnerability to contamination, this circular describes measures that can be used to determine which factor (or factors) plays a dominant role at an individual public-supply well. Case-study examples are used throughout to show how such information can be used to improve water quality.\n\nIn general, the vulnerability of the water from public-supply wells to contamination is a function of contaminant input within the area that contributes water to a well, the mobility and persistence of a contaminant once released to the groundwater, and the ease of groundwater and contaminant movement from the point of recharge to the open interval of a well. The following measures described in this circular are particularly useful for indicating which contaminants in an aquifer might reach an individual public-supply well and when, how, and at what concentration they might arrive:\n\n* Sources of recharge—Information on the sources of recharge for a well provides insight into contaminants that might enter the aquifer with the recharge water and potentially reach the well.\n\n* Geochemical conditions—Information on the geochemical conditions encountered by groundwater traveling to a well provides insight into contaminants that might persist in the water all the way to the well.\n\n* Groundwater-age mixtures—Information on the ages of the different waters that mix in a well provides insight into the time lag between contaminant input at the water table and contaminant arrival at the well. It also provides insight into the potential for in-well dilution of contaminated water by unaffected groundwater of a different age that simultaneously enters the well.\n\nPreferential flow pathways—pathways that provide little resistance to flow—can influence how all other factors affect public-supply-well vulnerability to contamination. For example, preferential flow pathways can influence whether a contaminant source is physically linked to a well, whether contaminant concentrations are substantially altered before contaminated groundwater reaches a well, and whether contaminated groundwater can arrive at a well within a timeframe of concern to the well owner. Methods for recognizing the influence of preferential flow pathways on the quality of water from a public-supply well are presented in this circular and can provide opportunities to prevent or mitigate the deterioration of a water supply.\n\nKnowing what water-quality variables to measure, what spatial and temporal scales on which to measure them, and how to interpret the resulting data makes it possible for samples from public-supply wells to provide a broad window into a well’s past and present water quality—and possibly future water quality. Such insight can enable resource managers to prioritize actions for sustaining a high-quality groundwater source of drinking water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1385","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Eberts, S., Thomas, M.A., and Jagucki, M.L., 2013, The quality of our Nation's waters: factors affecting public-supply-well vulnerability to contamination: understanding observed water quality and anticipating future water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1385, vii, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1385.","productDescription":"vii, 120 p.","numberOfPages":"132","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503644,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98779.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":275988,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1385/"},{"id":275989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1385/pdf/Cir1385.pdf"},{"id":275990,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1385.gif"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200bb5ae4b009d47a4c234d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. smeberts@usgs.gov","contributorId":2264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra M.","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Mary Ann mathomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Mary","email":"mathomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jagucki, Martha L. 0000-0003-3798-8393 mjagucki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3798-8393","contributorId":1794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagucki","given":"Martha","email":"mjagucki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047403,"text":"ofr20111040 - 2013 - Continuous resistivity profiling data from Great South Bay, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-05T09:50:18","indexId":"ofr20111040","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-05T09:44:46","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1040","title":"Continuous resistivity profiling data from Great South Bay, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"An investigation of submarine aquifers adjacent to the Fire Island National Seashore and Long Island, New York was conducted to assess the importance of submarine groundwater discharge as a potential nonpoint source of nitrogen delivery to Great South Bay. Over 200 kilometers of continuous resistivity profiling data were collected to image the fresh-saline groundwater interface in sediments beneath the bay. In addition, groundwater sampling was performed at sites (1) along the north shore of Great South Bay, particularly in Patchogue Bay, that were representative of the developed Long Island shoreline, and (2) at sites on and adjacent to Fire Island, a 50-kilometer-long barrier island on the south side of Great South Bay. Other field activities included sediment coring, stationary electrical resistivity profiling, and surveys of in situ pore water conductivity. Results of continuous resistivity profiling surveys are described in this report. The onshore and offshore shallow hydrostratigraphy of the Great South Bay shorelines, particularly the presence and nature of submarine confining units, appears to exert primary control on the dimensions and chemistry of the submarine groundwater flow and discharge zones. Sediment coring has shown that the confining units commonly consist of drowned and buried peat layers likely deposited in salt marshes. Low-salinity groundwater extends from 10 to 100 meters offshore along much of the north and south shores of Great South Bay based on continuous resistivity profiling data, especially off the mouths of tidal creeks and beneath shallow flats to the north of Fire Island adjacent to modern salt marshes. Human modifications of much of the shoreline and nearshore areas along the north shore of the bay, including filling of salt marshes, construction of bulkheads and piers, and dredging of navigation channels, has substantially altered the natural hydrogeology of the bay's shorelines by truncating confining units and increasing recharge near the shore in filled areas. Better understanding of the nature of submarine groundwater discharge along developed and undeveloped shorelines of embayments such as this could lead to improved models and mitigation strategies for nutrient overenrichment of estuaries.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111040","usgsCitation":"Cross, V., Bratton, J., Kroeger, K., Crusius, J., and Worley, C., 2013, Continuous resistivity profiling data from Great South Bay, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1040, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111040.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20111040.PNG"},{"id":275998,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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40.72145513939159], [-73.04054820362705, 40.73057089556356], [-73.03816437617633, 40.726184653053906], [-73.03387348676489, 40.729712717681174], [-73.03425489915708, 40.73667349383761], [-73.01880769727586, 40.74921242622862], [-73.01906374542239, 40.757950997535175], [-73.0153749857467, 40.74673324567976], [-72.98762723421942, 40.750738075797244], [-72.94471834010501, 40.73977246952357], [-72.92250106826356, 40.75741279265951], [-72.88779254057992, 40.75998732630619], [-72.88302488567831, 40.74043994120967], [-72.87320351658106, 40.73977246952357], [-72.87101039532638, 40.732239574778966], [-72.88855536536425, 40.735100167720006], [-72.88855536536425, 40.730427865916376], [-72.8973278503832, 40.73119069070054], [-72.89513472912847, 40.72470668003456], [-72.90174580176041, 40.73350975927241], [-72.8890363578638, 40.73839800692489], [-72.90663404941307, 40.745730378403785], [-72.94818415446007, 40.719333841079845], [-72.96236007265253, 40.71737854201887], [-72.9633377221831, 40.70613557241791], [-73.00717461931593, 40.687356871535435], [-73.0099398591588, 40.68306598212397], [-73.0653400091154, 40.667142014752585], [-73.14610408314849, 40.65135154171859], [-73.18395926306721, 40.649253773561895], [-73.20350664816374, 40.6411487602292], [-73.2136160019953, 40.66116369401408], [-73.23170251830982, 40.66409664260559], [-73.25272198321596, 40.6865825818076], [-73.25174433368545, 40.69293730375589]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-73.25272198321596, 40.6411487602292, -72.87101039532638, 40.75998732630619], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091945\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200bb55e4b009d47a4c231d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, V.A.","contributorId":88687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bratton, J.F.","contributorId":94354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kroeger, K.D.","contributorId":26060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Worley, C.R.","contributorId":43479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70118982,"text":"70118982 - 2013 - We speak for the data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-04T10:08:51","indexId":"70118982","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-04T10:02:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"We speak for the data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12018","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., 2013, We speak for the data: Ground Water, v. 51, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12018.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"157","ipdsId":"IP-042585","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291544,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12018"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e61e4b0beb42bdca4eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70118989,"text":"70118989 - 2013 - Nitrous oxide emissions from cropland: a procedure for calibrating the DayCent biogeochemical model using inverse modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-04T09:40:17","indexId":"70118989","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-04T09:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrous oxide emissions from cropland: a procedure for calibrating the DayCent biogeochemical model using inverse modelling","docAbstract":"DayCent is a biogeochemical model of intermediate complexity widely used to simulate greenhouse gases (GHG), soil organic carbon and nutrients in crop, grassland, forest and savannah ecosystems. Although this model has been applied to a wide range of ecosystems, it is still typically parameterized through a traditional “trial and error” approach and has not been calibrated using statistical inverse modelling (i.e. algorithmic parameter estimation). The aim of this study is to establish and demonstrate a procedure for calibration of DayCent to improve estimation of GHG emissions. We coupled DayCent with the parameter estimation (PEST) software for inverse modelling. The PEST software can be used for calibration through regularized inversion as well as model sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. The DayCent model was analysed and calibrated using N2O flux data collected over 2 years at the Iowa State University Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering Research Farms, Boone, IA. Crop year 2003 data were used for model calibration and 2004 data were used for validation. The optimization of DayCent model parameters using PEST significantly reduced model residuals relative to the default DayCent parameter values. Parameter estimation improved the model performance by reducing the sum of weighted squared residual difference between measured and modelled outputs by up to 67 %. For the calibration period, simulation with the default model parameter values underestimated mean daily N2O flux by 98 %. After parameter estimation, the model underestimated the mean daily fluxes by 35 %. During the validation period, the calibrated model reduced sum of weighted squared residuals by 20 % relative to the default simulation. Sensitivity analysis performed provides important insights into the model structure providing guidance for model improvement.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-013-1677-z","usgsCitation":"Rafique, R., Fienen, M., Parkin, T.B., and Anex, R.P., 2013, Nitrous oxide emissions from cropland: a procedure for calibrating the DayCent biogeochemical model using inverse modelling: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 224, no. 1677, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1677-z.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-049354","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291550,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1677-z"}],"volume":"224","issue":"1677","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e5ce4b0beb42bdca483","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafique, Rashad","contributorId":87466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafique","given":"Rashad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parkin, Timothy B.","contributorId":40530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkin","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anex, Robert P.","contributorId":101198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anex","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118984,"text":"70118984 - 2013 - Bridging groundwater models and decision support with a Bayesian network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T13:26:34","indexId":"70118984","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-04T08:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bridging groundwater models and decision support with a Bayesian network","docAbstract":"Resource managers need to make decisions to plan for future environmental conditions, particularly sea level rise, in the face of substantial uncertainty. Many interacting processes factor in to the decisions they face. Advances in process models and the quantification of uncertainty have made models a valuable tool for this purpose. Long-simulation runtimes and, often, numerical instability make linking process models impractical in many cases. A method for emulating the important connections between model input and forecasts, while propagating uncertainty, has the potential to provide a bridge between complicated numerical process models and the efficiency and stability needed for decision making. We explore this using a Bayesian network (BN) to emulate a groundwater flow model. We expand on previous approaches to validating a BN by calculating forecasting skill using cross validation of a groundwater model of Assateague Island in Virginia and Maryland, USA. This BN emulation was shown to capture the important groundwater-flow characteristics and uncertainty of the groundwater system because of its connection to island morphology and sea level. Forecast power metrics associated with the validation of multiple alternative BN designs guided the selection of an optimal level of BN complexity. Assateague island is an ideal test case for exploring a forecasting tool based on current conditions because the unique hydrogeomorphological variability of the island includes a range of settings indicative of past, current, and future conditions. The resulting BN is a valuable tool for exploring the response of groundwater conditions to sea level rise in decision support.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wrcr.20496","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., Masterson, J., Plant, N.G., Gutierrez, B.T., and Thieler, E.R., 2013, Bridging groundwater models and decision support with a Bayesian network: Water Resources Research, v. 49, no. 10, p. 6459-6473, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20496.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"6459","endPage":"6473","ipdsId":"IP-045600","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20496","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291546,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20496"},{"id":291557,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e46e4b0beb42bdca3aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gutierrez, Benjamin T.","contributorId":58670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047383,"text":"ofr20131042 - 2013 - Sediment geochemistry of Corte Madera Marsh, San Francisco Bay, California: have local inputs changed, 1830-2010?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T14:40:28.392522","indexId":"ofr20131042","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1042","title":"Sediment geochemistry of Corte Madera Marsh, San Francisco Bay, California: have local inputs changed, 1830-2010?","docAbstract":"Large perturbations since the mid-1800s to the supply and source of sediment entering San Francisco Bay have disturbed natural processes for more than 150 years. Only recently have sediment inputs through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) decreased to what might be considered pre-disturbance levels. Declining sediment inputs to San Francisco Bay raise concern about continued tidal marsh accretion, particularly if sea level rise accelerates in the future. The aim of this study is to explore whether the relative amount of local-watershed sediment accumulating in a tidal marsh has changed as sediment supply from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Rivers has decreased. To address this question, sediment geochemical indicators, or signatures, in the fine fraction (silt and clay) of Sacramento River, San Joaquin River, San Francisco Bay, and Corte Madera Creek sediment were identified and applied in sediment recovered from Corte Madera Marsh, one of the few remaining natural marshes in San Francisco Bay. Total major, minor, trace, and rare earth element (REE) contents of fine sediment were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass and atomic emission spectroscopy. Fine sediment from potential source areas had the following geochemical signatures: Sacramento River sediment downstream of the confluence of the American River was characterized by enrichments in chromium, zirconium, and heavy REE; San Joaquin River sediment at Vernalis and Lathrop was characterized by enrichments in thorium and total REE content; Corte Madera Creek sediment had elevated nickel contents; and the composition of San Francisco Bay mud proximal to Corte Madera Marsh was intermediate between these sources. Most sediment geochemical signatures were relatively invariant for more than 150 years, suggesting that the composition of fine sediment in Corte Madera Marsh is not very sensitive to changes in the magnitude, timing, or source of sediment entering San Francisco Bay through the Delta. Nor does there appear to be a ubiquitous increase in the proportion of fine sediment from Corte Madera watershed accumulating in the marsh during the last 20 years when sediment inflows through the Delta have decreased to pre-disturbance levels. We conclude that a large, well-mixed reservoir, such as the transportable fine sediment pool in San Francisco Bay, is the primary source of sediment to Corte Madera Marsh, and this source buffers the marsh against changes in sediment supply from the Delta and local watersheds. This study also found that Corte Madera Marsh sediment between about 10-30 centimeters depth is highly contaminated with lead, likely a legacy of lead smelter operations near Carquinez Strait and leaded gasoline use.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131042","usgsCitation":"Takesue, R.K., and Jaffe, B.E., 2013, Sediment geochemistry of Corte Madera Marsh, San Francisco Bay, California: have local inputs changed, 1830-2010?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1042, v, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131042.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1829-12-30","temporalEnd":"2010-01-01","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131042.jpg"},{"id":275958,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1042/of2013-1042.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,37.0 ], [ -123.5,38.5 ], [ -121.0,38.5 ], [ -121.0,37.0 ], [ -123.5,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6d6e4b0296e5a4b5bf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takesue, Renee K. 0000-0003-1205-0825 rtakesue@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0825","contributorId":2159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takesue","given":"Renee","email":"rtakesue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047382,"text":"70047382 - 2013 - Late Quaternary stream piracy and strath terrace formation along the Belle Fourche and lower Cheyenne Rivers, South Dakota and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:21:46","indexId":"70047382","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T13:11:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary stream piracy and strath terrace formation along the Belle Fourche and lower Cheyenne Rivers, South Dakota and Wyoming","docAbstract":"Stream piracy substantially affected the geomorphic evolution of the Missouri River watershed and drainages within, including the Little Missouri, Cheyenne, Belle Fourche, Bad, and White Rivers. The ancestral Cheyenne River eroded headward in an annular pattern around the eastern and southern Black Hills and pirated the headwaters of the ancestral Bad and White Rivers after ~ 660 ka. The headwaters of the ancestral Little Missouri River were pirated by the ancestral Belle Fourche River, a tributary to the Cheyenne River that currently drains much of the northern Black Hills. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating techniques were used to estimate the timing of this piracy event at ~ 22–21 ka. The geomorphic evolution of the Cheyenne and Belle Fourche Rivers is also expressed by regionally recognized strath terraces that include (from oldest to youngest) the Sturgis, Bear Butte, and Farmingdale terraces. Radiocarbon and OSL dates from fluvial deposits on these terraces indicate incision to the level of the Bear Butte terrace by ~ 63 ka, incision to the level of the Farmingdale terrace at ~ 40 ka, and incision to the level of the modern channel after ~ 12–9 ka. Similar dates of terrace incision have been reported for the Laramie and Wind River Ranges. Hypothesized causes of incision are the onset of colder climate during the middle Wisconsinan and the transition to the full-glacial climate of the late-Wisconsinan/Pinedale glaciation. Incision during the Holocene of the lower Cheyenne River is as much as ~ 80 m and is 3 to 4 times the magnitude of incision at ~ 63 ka and ~ 40 ka. The magnitude of incision during the Holocene might be due to a combined effect of three geomorphic processes acting in concert: glacial isostatic rebound in lower reaches (~ 40 m), a change from glacial to interglacial climate, and adjustments to increased watershed area resulting from piracy of the ancestral headwaters of the Little Missouri River.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.028","usgsCitation":"Stamm, J., Hendricks, R.R., Sawyer, J.F., Mahan, S., Zaprowski, B.J., Geibel, N.M., and Azzolini, D.C., 2013, Late Quaternary stream piracy and strath terrace formation along the Belle Fourche and lower Cheyenne Rivers, South Dakota and Wyoming: Geomorphology, v. 197, p. 10-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.028.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"20","ipdsId":"IP-029796","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.76,40.99 ], [ -108.76,46.45 ], [ -99.07,46.45 ], [ -99.07,40.99 ], [ -108.76,40.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"197","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6d5e4b0296e5a4b5bec","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.028","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.028","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Stamm John F., Hendricks Robert R., Sawyer J. Foster, Mahan Shannon A., Zaprowski Brent J., Geibel Nicholas M., Azzolini David C.","journalName":"Geomorphology","publicationDate":"9/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamm, John F. 0000-0002-3404-2933 jstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":2859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John F.","email":"jstamm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendricks, Robert R.","contributorId":19070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawyer, J. Foster","contributorId":80344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Foster","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zaprowski, Brent J.","contributorId":6362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaprowski","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Geibel, Nicholas M.","contributorId":14721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geibel","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Azzolini, David C.","contributorId":62915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Azzolini","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70047379,"text":"ofr20131138 - 2013 - A conceptual framework for Lake Michigan coastal/nearshore ecosystems, with application to Lake Michigan Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP) objectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-02T13:27:06","indexId":"ofr20131138","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T12:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1138","title":"A conceptual framework for Lake Michigan coastal/nearshore ecosystems, with application to Lake Michigan Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP) objectives","docAbstract":"The Lakewide Management Plans (LaMPs) within the Great Lakes region are examples of broad-scale, collaborative resource-management efforts that require a sound ecosystems approach. Yet, the LaMP process is lacking a holistic framework that allows these individual actions to be planned and understood within the broader context of the Great Lakes ecosystem. In this paper we (1) introduce a conceptual framework that unifies ideas and language among Great Lakes managers and scientists, whose focus areas range from tributary watersheds to open-lake waters, and (2) illustrate how the framework can be used to outline the geomorphic, hydrologic biological, and societal processes that underlie several goals of the Lake Michigan LaMP, thus providing a holistic and fairly comprehensive roadmap for tackling these challenges. For each selected goal, we developed a matrix that identifies the key ecosystem processes within the cell for each lake zone and each discipline; we then provide one example where a process is poorly understood and a second where a process is understood, but its impact or importance is unclear. Implicit in these objectives was our intention to highlight the importance of the Great Lakes coastal/nearshore zone. Although the coastal/nearshore zone is the important linkage zone between the watershed and open-lake zones—and is the zone where most LaMP issues are focused--scientists and managers have a relatively poor understanding of how the coastal/nearshore zone functions. We envision follow-up steps including (1) collaborative development of a more detailed and more complete conceptual model of how (and where) identified processes are thought to function, and (2) a subsequent gap analysis of science and monitoring priorities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131138","usgsCitation":"Seelbach, P.W., Fogarty, L., Bunnell, D.B., Haack, S.K., and Rogers, M.W., 2013, A conceptual framework for Lake Michigan coastal/nearshore ecosystems, with application to Lake Michigan Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP) objectives: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1138, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131138.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131138.jpg"},{"id":275949,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1138/"},{"id":275950,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1138/pdf/ofr2013-1138.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.9119,41.6089 ], [ -87.9119,46.1024 ], [ -84.7385,46.1024 ], [ -84.7385,41.6089 ], [ -87.9119,41.6089 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6cfe4b0296e5a4b5be4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seelbach, Paul W. pseelbach@usgs.gov","contributorId":3937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelbach","given":"Paul","email":"pseelbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fogarty, Lisa R.","contributorId":74074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"Lisa R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunnell, David Bo","contributorId":103959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Bo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haack, Sheridan K. skhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":1982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Sheridan","email":"skhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogers, Mark W. 0000-0001-7205-5623 mwrogers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7205-5623","contributorId":4590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Mark","email":"mwrogers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047378,"text":"sir20135097 - 2013 - Springs, streams, and gas vent on and near Mount Adams volcano, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-02T12:56:55","indexId":"sir20135097","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T12:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5097","title":"Springs, streams, and gas vent on and near Mount Adams volcano, Washington","docAbstract":"Springs and some streams on Mount Adams volcano have been sampled for chemistry and light stable isotopes of water. Spring temperatures are generally cooler than air temperatures from weather stations at the same elevation. Spring chemistry generally reflects weathering of volcanic rock from dissolved carbon dioxide. Water in some springs and streams has either dissolved hydrothermal minerals or has reacted with them to add sulfate to the water. Some samples appear to have obtained their sulfate from dissolution of gypsum while some probably involve reaction with sulfide minerals such as pyrite. Light stable isotope data for water from springs follow a local meteoric water line, and the variation of isotopes with elevation indicate that some springs have very local recharge and others have water from elevations a few hundred meters higher. No evidence was found for thermal or slightly thermal springs on Mount Adams. A sample from a seeping gas vent on Mount Adams was at ambient temperature, but the gas is similar to that found on other Cascade volcanoes. Helium isotopes are 4.4 times the value in air, indicating that there is a significant component of mantle helium. The lack of fumaroles on Mount Adams and the ambient temperature of the gas indicates that the gas is from a hydrothermal system that is no longer active.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135097","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., and Mariner, R.H., 2013, Springs, streams, and gas vent on and near Mount Adams volcano, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5097, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135097.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275951,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5097/"},{"id":275952,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5097/sir3013-5097.pdf"},{"id":275953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135097.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Adams Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.45,46 ], [ -121.45,46.30 ], [ -121.15,46.30 ], [ -121.15,46 ], [ -121.45,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6d6e4b0296e5a4b5bf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H. rmariner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"rmariner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047370,"text":"sir20135146 - 2013 - Potential effects of deepening the St. Johns River navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system, Jacksonville, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-02T10:34:14","indexId":"sir20135146","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5146","title":"Potential effects of deepening the St. Johns River navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system, Jacksonville, Florida","docAbstract":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has proposed dredging a 13-mile reach of the St. Johns River navigation channel in Jacksonville, Florida, deepening it to depths between 50 and 54 feet below North American Vertical Datum of 1988. The dredging operation will remove about 10 feet of sediments from the surficial aquifer system, including limestone in some locations. The limestone unit, which is in the lowermost part of the surficial aquifer system, supplies water to domestic wells in the Jacksonville area. Because of density-driven hydrodynamics of the St. Johns River, saline water from the Atlantic Ocean travels upstream as a saltwater “wedge” along the bottom of the channel, where the limestone is most likely to be exposed by the proposed dredging. A study was conducted to determine the potential effects of navigation channel deepening in the St. Johns River on salinity in the adjacent surficial aquifer system. Simulations were performed with each of four cross-sectional, variable-density groundwater-flow models, developed using SEAWAT, to simulate hypothetical changes in salinity in the surficial aquifer system as a result of dredging. The cross-sectional models were designed to incorporate a range of hydrogeologic conceptualizations to estimate the effect of uncertainty in hydrogeologic properties. The cross-sectional models developed in this study do not necessarily simulate actual projected conditions; instead, the models were used to examine the potential effects of deepening the navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system under a range of plausible hypothetical conditions.\n<br>\n<br>\nSimulated results for modeled conditions indicate that dredging will have little to no effect on salinity variations in areas upstream of currently proposed dredging activities. Results also indicate little to no effect in any part of the surficial aquifer system along the cross section near River Mile 11 or in the water-table unit along the cross section near River Mile 8. Salinity increases of up to 4.0 parts per thousand (ppt) were indicated by the model incorporating hydrogeologic conceptualizations with both a semiconfining bed over the limestone unit and a preferential flow layer within the limestone along the cross section near River Mile 8. Simulated increases in salinity greater than 0.2 ppt in this area were generally limited to portions of the limestone unit within about 75 feet of the channel on the north side of the river.\n<br>\n<br>\nThe potential for saltwater to move from the river channel to the surficial aquifer system is limited, but may be present in areas where the head gradient from the aquifer to the river is small or negative and the salinity of the river is sufficient to induce density-driven advective flow into the aquifer. In some areas, simulated increases in salinity were exacerbated by the presence of laterally extensive semiconfining beds in combination with a high-conductivity preferential flow zone in the limestone unit of the surficial aquifer system and an upgradient source of saline water, such as beneath the salt marshes near Fanning Island. The volume of groundwater pumped in these areas is estimated to be low; therefore, saltwater intrusion will not substantially affect regional water supply, although users of the surficial aquifer system east of Dames Point along the northern shore of the river could be affected. Proposed dredging operations pose no risk to salinization of the Floridan aquifer system; in the study area, the intermediate confining unit ranges in thickness from more than 300 to about 500 feet and provides sufficient hydraulic separation between the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Bellino, J.C., and Spechler, R.M., 2013, Potential effects of deepening the St. Johns River navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system, Jacksonville, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5146, viii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135146.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135146.jpg"},{"id":275936,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5146/"},{"id":275937,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5146/pdf/sir20135146.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Johns River Navigation Channel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.68096,30.309025 ], [ -81.68096,30.453899 ], [ -81.378008,30.453899 ], [ -81.378008,30.309025 ], [ -81.68096,30.309025 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6d6e4b0296e5a4b5bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bellino, Jason C. 0000-0001-9046-9344 jbellino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-9344","contributorId":3724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellino","given":"Jason","email":"jbellino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spechler, Rick M. spechler@usgs.gov","contributorId":1364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"Rick","email":"spechler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047483,"text":"70047483 - 2013 - Fatty acid composition at the base of aquatic food webs is influenced by habitat type and watershed land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-08T07:24:14","indexId":"70047483","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T07:17:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fatty acid composition at the base of aquatic food webs is influenced by habitat type and watershed land use","docAbstract":"Spatial variation in food resources strongly influences many aspects of aquatic consumer ecology. Although large-scale controls over spatial variation in many aspects of food resources are well known, others have received little study. Here we investigated variation in the fatty acid (FA) composition of seston and primary consumers within (i.e., among habitats) and among tributary systems of Lake Michigan, USA. FA composition of food is important because all metazoans require certain FAs for proper growth and development that cannot be produced de novo, including many polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Here we sampled three habitat types (river, rivermouth and nearshore zone) in 11 tributaries of Lake Michigan to assess the amount of FA in seston and primary consumers of seston. We hypothesize that among-system and among-habitat variation in FAs at the base of food webs would be related to algal production, which in turn is influenced by three land cover characteristics: 1) combined agriculture and urban lands (an indication of anthropogenic nutrient inputs that fuel algal production), 2) the proportion of surface waters (an indication of water residence times that allow algal producers to accumulate) and 3) the extent of riparian forested buffers (an indication of stream shading that reduces algal production). Of these three land cover characteristics, only intense land use appeared to strongly related to seston and consumer FA and this effect was only strong in rivermouth and nearshore lake sites. River seston and consumer FA composition was highly variable, but that variation does not appear to be driven by the watershed land cover characteristics investigated here. Whether the spatial variation in FA content at the base of these food webs significantly influences the production of economically important species higher in the food web should be a focus of future research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0070666","usgsCitation":"Larson, J.H., Richardson, W.B., Knights, B.C., Bartsch, L., Bartsch, M., Nelson, J., Veldboom, J.A., and Vallazza, J.M., 2013, Fatty acid composition at the base of aquatic food webs is influenced by habitat type and watershed land use: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 8, e70666, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070666.","productDescription":"e70666","ipdsId":"IP-043752","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070666","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":276187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276186,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070666"},{"id":276174,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0070666"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan;Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.91,41.61 ], [ -87.91,46.1 ], [ -84.74,46.1 ], [ -84.74,41.61 ], [ -87.91,41.61 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5203a377e4b02bdb1bc63f8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, James H. 0000-0002-6414-9758 jhlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9758","contributorId":4250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"James","email":"jhlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, William B. 0000-0002-7471-4394 wrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4394","contributorId":3277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"William","email":"wrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knights, Brent C. 0000-0001-8526-8468 bknights@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":2906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"Brent","email":"bknights@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":3342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartsch, Michelle 0000-0002-9571-5564 mbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-5564","contributorId":3165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Michelle","email":"mbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelson, J. C. 0000-0002-7105-0107 jcnelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7105-0107","contributorId":459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J. C.","email":"jcnelson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Veldboom, Jason A. jveldboom@usgs.gov","contributorId":4123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veldboom","given":"Jason","email":"jveldboom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vallazza, Jonathan M. jvallazza@usgs.gov","contributorId":3651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallazza","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvallazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70047153,"text":"70047153 - 2013 - Refinement of late-Early and Middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy for the east coast of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-18T11:05:31","indexId":"70047153","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T16:03:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refinement of late-Early and Middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy for the east coast of the United States","docAbstract":"Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 313 continuously cored Lower to Middle Miocene sequences at three continental shelf sites off New Jersey, USA. The most seaward of these, Site M29, contains a well-preserved Early and Middle Miocene succession of planktonic diatoms that have been independently correlated with the geomagnetic polarity time scale derived in studies from the equatorial and North Pacific. Shallow water diatoms (species of Delphineis, Rhaphoneis, and Sceptroneis) dominate in onshore sequences in Maryland and Virginia, forming the basis for the East Coast Diatom Zones (ECDZ). Integrated study of both planktonic and shallow water diatoms in Hole M29A as well as in onshore sequences in Maryland (the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company well) and Delaware (the Ocean Drilling Program Bethany Beach corehole) allows the refinement of ECDZ zones into a high-resolution biochronology that can be successfully applied in both onshore and offshore regions of the East Coast of the United States. Strontium isotope stratigraphy supports the diatom biochronology, although for much of the Middle Miocene it suggests ages that are on average 0.4 m.y. older. The ECDZ zonal definitions are updated to include evolutionary events of Delphineis species, and regional occurrences of important planktonic diatom marker taxa are included. Updated taxonomy, reference to published figures, and photographic images are provided that will aid in the application of this diatom biostratigraphy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00864.1","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., Browning, J., Sugarman, P., and Miller, K.G., 2013, Refinement of late-Early and Middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy for the east coast of the United States: Geosphere, v. 9, no. 5, p. 1286-1302, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00864.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1286","endPage":"1302","ipdsId":"IP-049444","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00864.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":279010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278573,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00864.1"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"East Coast","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.34,30.79 ], [ -82.34,45.13 ], [ -66.17,45.13 ], [ -66.17,30.79 ], [ -82.34,30.79 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52835c25e4b047efbbb4ae6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Browning, James","contributorId":77033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sugarman, Peter","contributorId":78638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Kenneth G.","contributorId":14260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70103857,"text":"70103857 - 2013 - A wetting and drying scheme for ROMS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T09:38:15","indexId":"70103857","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T14:08:10","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A wetting and drying scheme for ROMS","docAbstract":"The processes of wetting and drying have many important physical and biological impacts on shallow water systems. Inundation and dewatering effects on coastal mud flats and beaches occur on various time scales ranging from storm surge, periodic rise and fall of the tide, to infragravity wave motions. To correctly simulate these physical processes with a numerical model requires the capability of the computational cells to become inundated and dewatered. In this paper, we describe a method for wetting and drying based on an approach consistent with a cell-face blocking algorithm. The method allows water to always flow into any cell, but prevents outflow from a cell when the total depth in that cell is less than a user defined critical value. We describe the method, the implementation into the three-dimensional Regional Oceanographic Modeling System (ROMS), and exhibit the new capability under three scenarios: an analytical expression for shallow water flows, a dam break test case, and a realistic application to part of a wetland area along the Georgia Coast, USA.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2013.05.004","usgsCitation":"Warner, J., Defne, Z., Haas, K., and Arango, H.G., 2013, A wetting and drying scheme for ROMS: Computers & Geosciences, v. 58, p. 54-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.05.004.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-041410","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6207","text":"External Repository"},{"id":287000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286993,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.05.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.85,30.6 ], [ -81.85,32.4 ], [ -80.6,32.4 ], [ -80.6,30.6 ], [ -81.85,30.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"536ca760e4b060efff280d98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Defne, Zafer 0000-0003-4544-4310 zdefne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4544-4310","contributorId":5520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Defne","given":"Zafer","email":"zdefne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, Kevin","contributorId":23832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arango, Hernan G.","contributorId":35241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arango","given":"Hernan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70093724,"text":"70093724 - 2013 - Lidar-derived estimate and uncertainty of carbon sink in successional phases of woody encroachment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-12T13:59:28","indexId":"70093724","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:53:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lidar-derived estimate and uncertainty of carbon sink in successional phases of woody encroachment","docAbstract":"Woody encroachment is a globally occurring phenomenon that contributes to the global carbon sink. The magnitude of this contribution needs to be estimated at regional and local scales to address uncertainties present in the global- and continental-scale estimates, and guide regional policy and management in balancing restoration activities, including removal of woody plants, with greenhouse gas mitigation goals. The objective of this study was to estimate carbon stored in various successional phases of woody encroachment. Using lidar measurements of individual trees, we present high-resolution estimates of aboveground carbon storage in juniper woodlands. Segmentation analysis of lidar point cloud data identified a total of 60,628 juniper tree crowns across four watersheds. Tree heights, canopy cover, and density derived from lidar were strongly correlated with field measurements of 2613 juniper stems measured in 85 plots (30 × 30 m). Aboveground total biomass of individual trees was estimated using a regression model with lidar-derived height and crown area as predictors (Adj. R<sup>2</sup> = 0.76, p < 0.001, RMSE = 0.58 kg). The predicted mean aboveground woody carbon storage for the study area was 677 g/m<sup>2</sup>. Uncertainty in carbon storage estimates was examined with a Monte Carlo approach that addressed major error sources. Ranges predicted with uncertainty analysis in the mean, individual tree, aboveground woody C, and associated standard deviation were 0.35 – 143.6 kg and 0.5 – 1.25 kg, respectively. Later successional phases of woody encroachment had, on average, twice the aboveground carbon relative to earlier phases. Woody encroachment might be more successfully managed and balanced with carbon storage goals by identifying priority areas in earlier phases of encroachment where intensive treatments are most effective.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20088","usgsCitation":"Sankey, T., Shrestha, R., Sankey, J.B., Hardgree, S., and Strand, E., 2013, Lidar-derived estimate and uncertainty of carbon sink in successional phases of woody encroachment: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 118, no. 3, p. 1144-1155, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20088.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1144","endPage":"1155","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-036687","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282290,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20088"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"South Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0204,42.1646 ], [ -117.0204,43.35 ], [ -115.7938,43.35 ], [ -115.7938,42.1646 ], [ -117.0204,42.1646 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6497e4b0b290850ff8cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen","contributorId":97000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shrestha, Rupesh","contributorId":65382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrestha","given":"Rupesh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardgree, Stuart","contributorId":44830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardgree","given":"Stuart","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Strand, Eva","contributorId":82611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strand","given":"Eva","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":490179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70095755,"text":"70095755 - 2013 - Key landscape ecology metrics for assessing climate change adaptation options: Rate of change and patchiness of impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T16:44:56","indexId":"70095755","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:47:51","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Key landscape ecology metrics for assessing climate change adaptation options: Rate of change and patchiness of impacts","docAbstract":"Under a changing climate, devising strategies to help stakeholders adapt to alterations to ecosystems and their services is of utmost importance. In western North America, diminished snowpack and river flows are causing relatively gradual, homogeneous (system-wide) changes in ecosystems and services. In addition, increased climate variability is also accelerating the incidence of abrupt and patchy disturbances such as fires, floods and droughts. This paper posits that two key variables often considered in landscape ecology—the rate of change and the degree of patchiness of change—can aid in developing climate change adaptation strategies. We use two examples from the “borderland” region of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. In piñon-juniper woodland die-offs that occurred in the southwestern United States during the 2000s, ecosystem services suddenly crashed in some parts of the system while remaining unaffected in other locations. The precise timing and location of die-offs was uncertain. On the other hand, slower, homogeneous change, such as the expected declines in water supply to the Colorado River delta, will likely impact the entire ecosystem, with ecosystem services everywhere in the delta subject to alteration, and all users likely exposed. The rapidity and spatial heterogeneity of faster, patchy climate change exemplified by tree die-off suggests that decision-makers and local stakeholders would be wise to operate under a Rawlsian “veil of ignorance,” and implement adaptation strategies that allow ecosystem service users to equitably share the risk of sudden loss of ecosystem services before actual ecosystem changes occur. On the other hand, in the case of slower, homogeneous, system-wide impacts to ecosystem services as exemplified by the Colorado River delta, adaptation strategies can be implemented after the changes begin, but will require a fundamental rethinking of how ecosystems and services are used and valued. In sum, understanding how the rate of change and degree of patchiness of change will constrain adaptive options is a critical consideration in preparing for climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/ES13-00118.1","usgsCitation":"López-Hoffman, L., Breshears, D.D., Allen, C.D., and Miller, M.L., 2013, Key landscape ecology metrics for assessing climate change adaptation options: Rate of change and patchiness of impacts: Ecosphere, v. 4, no. 8, art101;18 p., https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00118.1.","productDescription":"art101;18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-046113","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es13-00118.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.91,25.05 ], [ -117.91,42.16 ], [ -101.69,42.16 ], [ -101.69,25.05 ], [ -117.91,25.05 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd636ee4b0b290850fecc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"López-Hoffman, Laura","contributorId":77397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"López-Hoffman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Marc L.","contributorId":81010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70074337,"text":"70074337 - 2013 - Updated methodology for nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of shales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-29T13:36:03","indexId":"70074337","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2372,"text":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Updated methodology for nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of shales","docAbstract":"Unconventional petroleum resources, particularly in shales, are expected to play an increasingly important role in the world’s energy portfolio in the coming years. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), particularly at low-field, provides important information in the evaluation of shale resources. Most of the low-field NMR analyses performed on shale samples rely heavily on standard T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> measurements. We present a new approach using solid echoes in the measurement of T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>1</sub>–T<sub>2</sub> correlations that addresses some of the challenges encountered when making NMR measurements on shale samples compared to conventional reservoir rocks. Combining these techniques with standard T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> measurements provides a more complete assessment of the hydrogen-bearing constituents (e.g., bitumen, kerogen, clay-bound water) in shale samples. These methods are applied to immature and pyrolyzed oil shale samples to examine the solid and highly viscous organic phases present during the petroleum generation process. The solid echo measurements produce additional signal in the oil shale samples compared to the standard methodologies, indicating the presence of components undergoing homonuclear dipolar coupling. The results presented here include the first low-field NMR measurements performed on kerogen as well as detailed NMR analysis of highly viscous thermally generated bitumen present in pyrolyzed oil shale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jmr.2013.04.014","usgsCitation":"Washburn, K.E., and Birdwell, J.E., 2013, Updated methodology for nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of shales: Journal of Magnetic Resonance, v. 233, p. 17-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2013.04.014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-043889","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281640,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2013.04.014"}],"volume":"233","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7a48e4b0b2908510d65b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Washburn, Kathryn E.","contributorId":76644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Washburn","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7152,"text":"Weatherford International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":489515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048866,"text":"70048866 - 2013 - Mapping risk of avian influenza transmission at the interface of domestic poultry and wild birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:25:02","indexId":"70048866","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1704,"text":"Frontiers in Public Health","onlineIssn":"2296-2565","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping risk of avian influenza transmission at the interface of domestic poultry and wild birds","docAbstract":"Emergence of avian influenza viruses with high lethality to humans, such as the currently circulating highly pathogenic A(H5N1) (emerged in 1996) and A(H7N9) cause serious concern for the global economic and public health sectors. Understanding the spatial and temporal interface between wild and domestic populations, from which these viruses emerge, is fundamental to taking action. This information, however, is rarely considered in influenza risk models, partly due to a lack of data. We aim to identify areas of high transmission risk between domestic poultry and wild waterfowl in China, the epicenter of both viruses. Two levels of models were developed: one that predicts hotspots of novel virus emergence between domestic and wild birds, and one that incorporates H5N1 risk factors, for which input data exists. Models were produced at 1 and 30 km spatial resolution, and two temporal seasons. Patterns of risk varied between seasons with higher risk in the northeast, central-east, and western regions of China during spring and summer, and in the central and southeastern regions during winter. Monte-Carlo uncertainty analyses indicated varying levels of model confidence, with lowest errors in the densely populated regions of eastern and southern China. Applications and limitations of the models are discussed within.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frontiers in Public Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2013.00028","usgsCitation":"Prosser, D.J., Hungerford, L.L., Erwin, R.M., Ottinger, M.A., Takekawa, J.Y., and Ellis, E.C., 2013, Mapping risk of avian influenza transmission at the interface of domestic poultry and wild birds: Frontiers in Public Health, v. 1, no. 28, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00028.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-049511","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00028","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P163QI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatial models indicating avian influenza transmission risk at the interface of domestic poultry and wild birds in China"},{"id":278983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278982,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00028"}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 73.5,18.15 ], [ 73.5,53.56 ], [ 134.77,53.56 ], [ 134.77,18.15 ], [ 73.5,18.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527e586ce4b02d2057dd95ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hungerford, Laura L.","contributorId":14291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hungerford","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael 0000-0003-2108-9502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-9502","contributorId":57125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ottinger, Mary Ann","contributorId":26422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ellis, Erle C.","contributorId":67400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Erle","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70047340,"text":"70047340 - 2013 - Comparison of age distributions estimated from environmental tracers by using binary-dilution and numerical models of fractured and folded karst: Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:11:21","indexId":"70047340","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T11:47:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of age distributions estimated from environmental tracers by using binary-dilution and numerical models of fractured and folded karst: Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"Measured concentrations of environmental tracers in spring discharge from a karst aquifer in the Shenandoah Valley, USA, were used to refine a numerical groundwater flow model. The karst aquifer is folded and faulted carbonate bedrock dominated by diffuse flow along fractures. The numerical model represented bedrock structure and discrete features (fault zones and springs). Concentrations of <sup>3</sup>H, <sup>3</sup>He, <sup>4</sup>He, and CFC-113 in spring discharge were interpreted as binary dilutions of young (0–8  years) water and old (tracer-free) water. Simulated mixtures of groundwater are derived from young water flowing along shallow paths, with the addition of old water flowing along deeper paths through the model domain that discharge to springs along fault zones. The simulated median age of young water discharged from springs (5.7  years) is slightly older than the median age estimated from <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He data (4.4  years). The numerical model predicted a fraction of old water in spring discharge (0.07) that was half that determined by the binary-dilution model using the <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He apparent age and <sup>3</sup>H and CFC-113 data (0.14). This difference suggests that faults and lineaments are more numerous or extensive than those mapped and included in the numerical model.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-013-0997-9","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., Plummer, N., Kauffman, L.J., Doctor, D.H., Nelms, D.L., and Schlosser, P., 2013, Comparison of age distributions estimated from environmental tracers by using binary-dilution and numerical models of fractured and folded karst: Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 21, no. 6, p. 1193-1217, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-0997-9.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1193","endPage":"1217","numberOfPages":"25","ipdsId":"IP-042757","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275663,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/DOI 10.1007/s10040-013-0997-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia;West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.33,37.4237 ], [ -80.33,39.6857 ], [ -77.7252,39.6857 ], [ -77.7252,37.4237 ], [ -80.33,37.4237 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fb7554e4b04b00e3d78567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362 lkauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":1094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"lkauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schlosser, Peter","contributorId":50936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70155203,"text":"70155203 - 2013 - Geochemical and isotopic variations in shallow groundwater in areas of the Fayetteville Shale development, north-central Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-03T10:39:18","indexId":"70155203","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and isotopic variations in shallow groundwater in areas of the Fayetteville Shale development, north-central Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Exploration of unconventional natural gas reservoirs such as impermeable shale basins through the use of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has changed the energy landscape in the USA providing a vast new energy source. The accelerated production of natural gas has triggered a debate concerning the safety and possible environmental impacts of these operations. This study investigates one of the critical aspects of the environmental effects; the possible degradation of water quality in shallow aquifers overlying producing shale formations. The geochemistry of domestic groundwater wells was investigated in aquifers overlying the Fayetteville Shale in north-central Arkansas, where approximately 4000 wells have been drilled since 2004 to extract unconventional natural gas. Monitoring was performed on 127 drinking water wells and the geochemistry of major ions, trace metals, CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;gas content and its C isotopes (&delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>CH4</sub><span>), and select isotope tracers (&delta;</span><sup>11</sup><span>B,&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr, &delta;</span><sup>2</sup><span>H, &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O, &delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>DIC</sub><span>) compared to the composition of flowback-water samples directly from Fayetteville Shale gas wells. Dissolved CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;was detected in 63% of the drinking-water wells (32 of 51 samples), but only six wells exceeded concentrations of 0.5&nbsp;mg CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>/L. The &delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>CH4</sub><span>&nbsp;of dissolved CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;ranged from &minus;42.3&permil; to &minus;74.7&permil;, with the most negative values characteristic of a biogenic source also associated with the highest observed CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations, with a possible minor contribution of trace amounts of thermogenic CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>. The majority of these values are distinct from the reported thermogenic composition of the Fayetteville Shale gas (&delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>CH4</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;&minus;35.4&permil; to &minus;41.9&permil;). Based on major element chemistry, four shallow groundwater types were identified: (1) low (&lt;100&nbsp;mg/L) total dissolved solids (TDS), (2) TDS&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;100&nbsp;mg/L and Ca&ndash;HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;dominated, (3) TDS&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;100&nbsp;mg/L and Na&ndash;HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>dominated, and (4) slightly saline groundwater with TDS&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;100&nbsp;mg/L and Cl&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;20&nbsp;mg/L with elevated Br/Cl ratios (&gt;0.001). The Sr (</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.7097&ndash;0.7166), C (&delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>DIC</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;&minus;21.3&permil; to &minus;4.7&permil;), and B (&delta;</span><sup>11</sup><span>B&nbsp;=&nbsp;3.9&ndash;32.9&permil;) isotopes clearly reflect water&ndash;rock interactions within the aquifer rocks, while the stable O and H isotopic composition mimics the local meteoric water composition. Overall, there was a geochemical gradient from low-mineralized recharge water to more evolved Ca&ndash;HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>, and higher-mineralized Na&ndash;HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;composition generated by a combination of carbonate dissolution, silicate weathering, and reverse base-exchange reactions. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the bulk shallow groundwater samples were distinct from the Na&ndash;Cl type Fayetteville flowback/produced waters (TDS &sim;10,000&ndash;20,000&nbsp;mg/L). Yet, the high Br/Cl variations in a small subset of saline shallow groundwater suggest that they were derived from dilution of saline water similar to the brine in the Fayetteville Shale. Nonetheless, no spatial relationship was found between CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and salinity occurrences in shallow drinking water wells with proximity to shale-gas drilling sites. The integration of multiple geochemical and isotopic proxies shows no direct evidence of contamination in shallow drinking-water aquifers associated with natural gas extraction from the Fayetteville Shale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geochemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.013","usgsCitation":"Warner, N., Kresse, T.M., Hays, P.D., Down, A., Karr, J.D., Jackson, R., and Vengosh, A., 2013, Geochemical and isotopic variations in shallow groundwater in areas of the Fayetteville Shale development, north-central Arkansas: Applied Geochemistry, v. 35, p. 207-220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.013.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044825","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c090aee4b033ef5210429b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, Nathaniel R.","contributorId":56129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Nathaniel R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kresse, Timothy M. 0000-0003-1035-0672 tkresse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-0672","contributorId":2758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresse","given":"Timothy","email":"tkresse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hays, Phillip D. 0000-0001-5491-9272 pdhays@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-9272","contributorId":4145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Phillip","email":"pdhays@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Down, Adrian","contributorId":96175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Down","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karr, Jonathan D.","contributorId":146281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karr","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, R.B.","contributorId":42174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vengosh, Avner","contributorId":21842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vengosh","given":"Avner","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70047339,"text":"70047339 - 2013 - Blood mineral concentrations in manatees (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i> and <i>Trichechus manatus manatus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T14:22:56","indexId":"70047339","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T11:37:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blood mineral concentrations in manatees (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i> and <i>Trichechus manatus manatus</i>)","docAbstract":"Limited information is available regarding the role of minerals and heavy metals in the morbidity and mortality of manatees. Whole-blood and serum mineral concentrations were evaluated in apparently healthy, free-ranging Florida (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i>, <i>n</i> = 31) and Belize (<i>Trichechus manatus manatus</i>, <i>n</i> = 14) manatees. Toxicologic statuses of the animals and of their environment had not been previously determined. Mean mineral whole-blood (WB) and serum values in Florida (FL) and Belize (BZ) manatees were determined, and evaluated for differences with respect to geographic location, relative age, and sex. Mean WB and serum silver, boron, cobalt, magnesium, molybdenum, and WB cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in BZ versus FL manatees (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Mean WB aluminum, calcium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, vanadium, and serum zinc concentrations were significantly lower in BZ versus FL manatees. Adult manatees had significant and higher mean WB aluminum, manganese, sodium, antimony, vanadium, and serum manganese and zinc concentrations compared to juvenile animals. Significant and lower mean WB and serum silver, boron, cobalt, and serum copper and strontium concentrations were present in adults compared to juveniles (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Females had significant and higher mean WB nickel and serum barium compared to males (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Mean WB arsenic and zinc, and mean serum iron, magnesium, and zinc concentrations fell within toxic ranges reported for domestic species. Results reveal manatee blood mineral concentrations differ with location, age, and sex. Influence from diet, sediment, water, and anthropogenic sources on manatee mineral concentration warrant further investigation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/2012-0093R.1","usgsCitation":"Siegal-Willott, J., Harr, K.E., Hall, J.O., Hayek, L.C., Auil-Gomez, N., Powell, J., Bonde, R.K., and Heard, D., 2013, Blood mineral concentrations in manatees (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i> and <i>Trichechus manatus manatus</i>): Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 44, no. 2, p. 285-894, https://doi.org/10.1638/2012-0093R.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"894","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-037334","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275679,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2012-0093R.1"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fb754fe4b04b00e3d78563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegal-Willott, J.","contributorId":106831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegal-Willott","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harr, Kendal E.","contributorId":14114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harr","given":"Kendal","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, Jeffery O.","contributorId":51623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayek, Lee-Ann C.","contributorId":16730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayek","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Auil-Gomez, Nicole","contributorId":71463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auil-Gomez","given":"Nicole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powell, James A.","contributorId":53514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Heard, Darryl","contributorId":84247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heard","given":"Darryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70048423,"text":"70048423 - 2013 - Quantifying wetland–aquifer interactions in a humid subtropical climate region: An integrated approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-26T10:38:34","indexId":"70048423","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T10:24:14","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying wetland–aquifer interactions in a humid subtropical climate region: An integrated approach","docAbstract":"Wetlands are widely recognized as sentinels of global climate change. Long-term monitoring data combined with process-based modeling has the potential to shed light on key processes and how they change over time. This paper reports the development and application of a simple water balance model based on long-term climate, soil, vegetation and hydrological dynamics to quantify groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interactions at the Norman landfill research site in Oklahoma, USA. Our integrated approach involved model evaluation by means of the following independent measurements: (a) groundwater inflow calculation using stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen (<sup>16</sup>O, <sup>18</sup>O, <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>2</sup>H); (b) seepage flux measurements in the wetland hyporheic sediment; and (c) pan evaporation measurements on land and in the wetland. The integrated approach was useful for identifying the dominant hydrological processes at the site, including recharge and subsurface flows. Simulated recharge compared well with estimates obtained using isotope methods from previous studies and allowed us to identify specific annual signatures of this important process during the period of study (1997–2007). Similarly, observations of groundwater inflow and outflow rates to and from the wetland using seepage meters and isotope methods were found to be in good agreement with simulation results. Results indicate that subsurface flow components in the system are seasonal and readily respond to rainfall events. The wetland water balance is dominated by local groundwater inputs and regional groundwater flow contributes little to the overall water balance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.022","usgsCitation":"Mendoza-Sanchez, I., Phanikumar, M., Niu, J., Masoner, J.R., Cozzarelli, I.M., and McGuire, J., 2013, Quantifying wetland–aquifer interactions in a humid subtropical climate region: An integrated approach: Journal of Hydrology, v. 498, p. 237-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.022.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"253","ipdsId":"IP-014582","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278115,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Norman","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.55,35.14 ], [ -97.55,35.35 ], [ -97.18,35.35 ], [ -97.18,35.14 ], [ -97.55,35.14 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"498","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52455769e4b0b3d37307e1b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendoza-Sanchez, Itza","contributorId":20246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza-Sanchez","given":"Itza","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phanikumar, Mantha S.","contributorId":17888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phanikumar","given":"Mantha S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niu, Jie","contributorId":30535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niu","given":"Jie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Masoner, Jason R. 0000-0002-4829-6379 jmasoner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-6379","contributorId":3193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"Jason","email":"jmasoner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, Jennifer T.","contributorId":53979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jennifer T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70048420,"text":"70048420 - 2013 - Geologic effects on groundwater salinity and discharge into an estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T16:17:18","indexId":"70048420","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T08:40:39","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic effects on groundwater salinity and discharge into an estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can be an important pathway for transport of nutrients and contaminants to estuaries. A better understanding of the geologic and hydrologic controls on these fluxes is critical for their estimation and management. We examined geologic features, porewater salinity, and SGD rates and patterns at an estuarine study site. Seismic data showed the existence of paleovalleys infilled with estuarine mud and peat that extend hundreds of meters offshore. A low-salinity groundwater plume beneath this low-permeability fill was mapped with continuous resistivity profiling. Extensive direct SGD measurements with seepage meters (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>551) showed fresh groundwater discharge patterns that correlated well with shallow porewater salinity and the hydrogeophysical framework. Small-scale variability in fresh and saline discharge indicates influence of meter-scale geologic heterogeneity, while site-scale discharge patterns are evidence of the influence of the paleovalley feature. Beneath the paleovalley fill, fresh groundwater flows offshore and mixes with saltwater before discharging along paleovalley flanks. On the adjacent drowned interfluve where low-permeability fill is absent, fresh groundwater discharge is focused at the shoreline. Shallow saltwater exchange was greatest across sandy sediments and where fresh SGD was low. The geologic control of groundwater flowpaths and discharge salinity demonstrated in this work are likely to affect geochemical reactions and the chemical loads delivered by SGD to coastal surface waters. Because similar processes are likely to exist in other estuaries where drowned paleovalleys commonly cross modern shorelines, the existence and implications of complex hydrogeology are important considerations for studies of groundwater fluxes and related management decisions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.049","usgsCitation":"Russonielloa, C.J., Fernandeza, C., Bratton, J.F., Banaszakc, J.F., Krantzc, D.E., Andresd, S., Konikow, L.F., and Michaela, H.A., 2013, Geologic effects on groundwater salinity and discharge into an estuary: Journal of Hydrology, v. 498, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.049.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-044951","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Indian River Bay","volume":"498","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5246e918e4b035b7f35addd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russonielloa, Christopher J.","contributorId":92963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russonielloa","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fernandeza, Cristina","contributorId":94963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandeza","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bratton, John F. 0000-0003-0376-4981 jbratton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0376-4981","contributorId":92757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"John","email":"jbratton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banaszakc, Joel F.","contributorId":102369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banaszakc","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krantzc, David E.","contributorId":84259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krantzc","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andresd, Scott","contributorId":97413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andresd","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Michaela, Holly A.","contributorId":57357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaela","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70047485,"text":"70047485 - 2013 - Foraging habitat for shorebirds in southeastern Missouri and its predicted future availability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T13:34:09","indexId":"70047485","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T07:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging habitat for shorebirds in southeastern Missouri and its predicted future availability","docAbstract":"Water management to protect agriculture in alluvial floodplains often conflicts with wildlife use of seasonal floodwater. Such is the case along the Mississippi River in southeastern Missouri where migrating shorebirds forage in shallow-flooded fields. I estimated the current availability of habitat for foraging shorebirds within the New Madrid and St. Johns Basins based on daily river elevations (1943–2009), under assumptions that shorebirds forage in open habitat with water depth <15 cm and use mudflats for 3 days after exposure. The area of shorebird foraging habitat, based on replicated 50-year random samples, averaged 975 ha per day during spring and 33 ha per day during fall. Adjustments to account for habitat quality associated with different water depths, duration of mudflat exposure, intra-seasonal availability, and state of agricultural crops, indicated the equivalent of 494 ha daily of optimal habitat during spring and 11 ha during fall. Proposed levees and pumps to protect cropland would reduce shorebird foraging habitat by 80 %: to 211 ha (108 optimal ha) per day during spring and 9 ha (<3 optimal ha) per day during fall. Alternative water management that allows natural flooding below a prescribed elevation would retain nearly all existing shorebird foraging habitat during fall and about 60 % of extant habitat during spring.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-013-0422-0","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D.J., 2013, Foraging habitat for shorebirds in southeastern Missouri and its predicted future availability: Wetlands, v. 33, no. 4, p. 667-678, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0422-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"667","endPage":"678","ipdsId":"IP-032409","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276175,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0422-0"},{"id":276176,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13157-013-0422-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.77,36.0 ], [ -95.77,40.61 ], [ -89.1,40.61 ], [ -89.1,36.0 ], [ -95.77,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5203a377e4b02bdb1bc63f94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70058716,"text":"70058716 - 2013 - Wind River watershed restoration. Annual report. November 2011 through October 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T08:51:18","indexId":"70058716","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Wind River watershed restoration. Annual report. November 2011 through October 2012","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1>\n<p>This report summarizes work by U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s Columbia River Research Laboratory (USGS-CRRL) in the Wind River subbasin, from November 2011 through October 2012. Funding was provided by Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) under contract 55275. The primary focus of USGS activities during this time was tagging of parr steelhead <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> with Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags, and establishing a network of instream PIT tag interrogation systems (PTIS). The PIT-tagged parr steelhead will provide movement and life history data through recapture events and detections at instream PTIS systems, will contribute to estimates of adult steelhead returning to the Wind River, and aid in the evaluation of the removal of Hemlock Dam on Trout Creek steelhead populations.</p>\n<p><span>The Wind River Watershed project (BPA Project Number 1998-019-00) is a collaborative effort to restore wild steelhead in the Wind River, WA. The four partner agencies are the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), USGS-CRRL, and Underwood Conservation District (UCD). This partnership was established in the early 1990s with support from BPA, and has continued to conduct extensive habitat, research, monitoring, and coordination activities across the subbasin. The project works at multiple levels to identify and characterize key limiting habitat factors in the Wind River; restore degraded habitats and watershed processes; document fish populations, life histories, and interactions; investigate efficacy of restoration actions; and to share information across agency and non-agency boundaries. Long-term research in the Wind River has focused on assessments of steelhead/rainbow trout populations, relationships with introduced populations of spring Chinook salmon <i>O. tshawytscha</i> and brook trout <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>, and effects of habitat variables and habitat restoration on fish productivity. </span></p>\n<p><span>During the period covered by this report, we PIT tagged steelhead parr in headwater sections of the subbasin (Figure 1), maintained a PTIS in Trout Creek, installed a PTIS in the Wind River, and installed smaller scale PTISs in Trapper Creek, Paradise Creek, and the Wind River upstream of Paradise Creek (Figure 2). Additionally we maintained thermologgers to collect water temperature data near the PIT tagging sites.&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p>A statement of work (SOW) was submitted to BPA in October 2011 that outlined work to be performed by USGS-CRRL. The SOW was organized by Work Element (WE), with each describing a research task. This report summarizes the progress completed under each WE.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","collaboration":"BPA Project Number: 1998-019-00. Report covers work performed under BPA contract number: 55275. Report was completed under BPA contract number: 59821.","usgsCitation":"Jezorek, I.G., and Connolly, P., 2013, Wind River watershed restoration. Annual report. November 2011 through October 2012, 40 p.","productDescription":"40 p.","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-11-01","temporalEnd":"2012-10-31","ipdsId":"IP-045885","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280261,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pisces.bpa.gov/release/documents/documentviewer.aspx?doc=P133526","text":"Report","size":"648.14 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Wind River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.982107,45.715023 ], [ -121.982107,45.88214 ], [ -121.787086,45.88214 ], [ -121.787086,45.715023 ], [ -121.982107,45.715023 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385b408e4b09e18fc023ad9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jezorek, Ian G. 0000-0002-3842-3485 ijezorek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3842-3485","contributorId":3572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jezorek","given":"Ian","email":"ijezorek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046701,"text":"fs20133020 - 2013 - National assessment of geologic carbon dioxide storage resources: summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T13:31:42","indexId":"fs20133020","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3020","title":"National assessment of geologic carbon dioxide storage resources: summary","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently completed an evaluation of the technically accessible storage resource (<i>TA<sub>SR</sub></i>) for carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) for 36 sedimentary basins in the onshore areas and State waters of the United States. The <i>TA<sub>SR</sub></i> is an estimate of the geologic storage resource that may be available for CO<sub>2</sub> injection and storage and is based on current geologic and hydrologic knowledge of the subsurface and current engineering practices. By using a geology-based probabilistic assessment methodology, the USGS assessment team members obtained a mean estimate of approximately 3,000 metric gigatons (Gt) of subsurface CO<sub>2</sub> storage capacity that is technically accessible below onshore areas and State waters; this amount is more than 500 times the 2011 annual U.S. energy-related CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of 5.5 Gt (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2012, http://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/carbon/).\n<br/>\nIn 2007, the Energy Independence and Security Act (Public Law 110–140) directed the U.S. Geological Survey to conduct a national assessment of geologic storage resources for CO<sub>2</sub> in consultation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Energy, and State geological surveys. The USGS developed a methodology to estimate storage resource potential in geologic formations in the United States (Burruss and others, 2009, USGS Open-File Report (OFR) 2009–1035; Brennan and others, 2010, USGS OFR 2010–1127; Blondes, Brennan, and others, 2013, USGS OFR 2013–1055). In 2012, the USGS completed the assessment, and the results are summarized in this Fact Sheet and are provided in more detail in companion reports (U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources Assessment Team, 2013a,b; see related reports at right).\n<br/>\nThe goal of this project was to conduct an initial assessment of storage capacity on a regional basis, and results are not intended for use in the evaluation of specific sites for potential CO<sub>2</sub> storage. The national assessment was a geology-based examination of all sedimentary basins in the onshore and State waters area of the United States that contain storage assessment units (SAUs) that could be defined according to geologic and hydrologic characteristics. Although geologic storage of CO<sub>2</sub> may be possible in some areas not assessed by the USGS, the SAUs identified in this assessment represent those areas within sedimentary basins that met the assessment criteria. A geologic description of each SAU was prepared; descriptions for SAUs in several basins are in Warwick and Corum (2012, USGS OFR 2012–1024).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133020","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources Assessment Team, 2013, National assessment of geologic carbon dioxide storage resources: summary (Version 1: Originally posted June 2013; Version 1.1: September 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3020, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133020.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133020.gif"},{"id":278344,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3020/pdf/fs2013-3020_508.pdf"},{"id":274231,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3020/"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted June 2013; Version 1.1: September 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cbff57e4b052f2a4539887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources Assessment Team","contributorId":128059,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources Assessment Team","id":535562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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