The discharge of 3 acre-feet (4 x 10-3 cubic hectometres) per year of Class-I wastes in the Haystack Butte area of Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., has been proposed by the Air Force. Evaporation in this arid basin exceeds the 4 inches (100 millimetres) of annual precipitation. Fifteen test holes, ranging in depth from 40 to 240 feet (12 to 73 metres) below land surface, indicate that ground water occurs mostly in Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks overlying pre-Tertiary quartz monzonite. Depth to water averages about 100 feet (30 metres) below land surface. Hydraulic conductivity of cores of Tertiary rock taken from a test hole at depths of 9 to 88 feet (2.7 to 27 metres) below land surface suggests values of 6.9 x 10-5 to 4.9 x 10-3 feet per day (2.1 x 10-5 to 1.5 x 10-3 metres per day). Petrographic analyses of these cores indicate a material consisting mostly of weathered volcanic rocks with a moderate concentration of montmorillonite clay.
The water-level gradient averages about 4 feet per mile (0.76 metre per kilometre). Ground-water discharge through a narrow gap in the southeastern part of the basin is calculated to be 3.8 x 10-4 acre-feet (4.7 x 10-7 cubic hectometres) per year. After leaving the basin, the underflow becomes part of a regional flow system discharging into Harper Lake playa.
An increase in the underflow from 3.8 x 10-4 acre-feet (4.7 x 10-7 cubic hectometres) per year to 3 acre-feet (4 x 10-3 cubic hectometres) per year may result in an undesirable surface-water flow by increasing the saturated thickness of the aquifer near the narrow gap in the southeastern part of the basin. Also, the very low hydraulic-conductivity values suggest that some difficulties may exist in percolating 3 acre-feet (4 x 10-3 cubic hectometres) per year of wastes resulting in possible saturation of the ground surface outside the boundaries of the potential Class-I site. Because the rate of evaporation is very high (116 inches or 294.6 millimetres per year) in the study area, many of the problems associated with the percolation of the waste water and the subsequent changes in ground-water movement could be minimized by evaporating the wastes to complete dryness.
The quality of the ground water in the basin is generally unsuitable for domestic, industrial, and irrigation purposes. The concentration and type of chemical constituents in the ground water suggest slow circulation in a geologic environment with soluble minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri757","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.L., 1975, Hydrologic evaluation of the Haystack Butte area : with emphasis on possible discharge of class-I wastes, Edwards Air Force Base, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 75-7, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri757.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1975/0007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358950,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1975/0007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Air Force Base, Haystack Butte area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.63473510742186,\n 34.82282272723702\n ],\n [\n -117.49740600585936,\n 34.82282272723702\n ],\n [\n -117.49740600585936,\n 34.96474810049312\n ],\n [\n -117.63473510742186,\n 34.96474810049312\n ],\n [\n -117.63473510742186,\n 34.82282272723702\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606db9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Jerry L.","contributorId":19944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13349,"text":"ofr7524 - 1975 - Predicted double-couple S-polarization angles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-07T18:43:44.228096","indexId":"ofr7524","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-24","title":"Predicted double-couple S-polarization angles","docAbstract":"The main purpose of this paper is to provide a graphical procedure with which to evaluate the orientation of an earthquake source using S-polarization angles. Background material is presented on the use of S-polarization angles, including the necessary material for the use of the catalog and the manner of its construction. A family of plots of theoretically predicted S-polarization angles is presented. There are 162 different diagrams in this catalog which may be used to determine the orientation of the focal planes of an earthquake to within about 5 degrees of the orientation of either plane.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7524","usgsCitation":"Dillinger, W., 1975, Predicted double-couple S-polarization angles: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-24, i, 193 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7524.","productDescription":"i, 193 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429675,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147518,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0024/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillinger, W.H.","contributorId":95489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillinger","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16019,"text":"ofr75557 - 1975 - Ground-water resources of Greeley and Wichita counties, Western Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-29T08:13:58","indexId":"ofr75557","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-557","title":"Ground-water resources of Greeley and Wichita counties, Western Kansas","docAbstract":"Unconsolidated deposits of sand, silt, clay, and gravel compose the principal aquifer in Greeley and Wichita Counties. The deposits are as much as 300 feet (91 m) 2/ thick, of which as much as 145 feet (44 m) is saturated.
In 1972, there were about 1,040 large-capacity wells--yielding 100 gallons per minute (6.3 1/s) or more--in the counties, mostly for irrigation supplies. The wells yield as much as 2,000 gallons per minute (130 1/s). Withdrawals of ground water average about 220,000 acre-feet (270 hm3) annually.
Water levels have declined in parts of the area where large-capacity wells are concentrated, resulting in as much as 60-percent reduction in saturated thickness. Water-level declines during 1948-72 ranged from less than 10 to about 55 feet (3-17 m). The largest decline, about 55 feet (17 m), has occurred near Leoti, in central Wichita County. As of January 1972, about 5 million acre-feet (6,000 hm) of ground water were in storage in Greeley and Wichita Counties; however, only about 70 percent of this amount is considered to be available for pumping.
The water from the unconsolidated aquifer is a mixed chemical type in which calcium, sodium, and bicarbonate are the principal constituents. Generally, the water is suitable for all common domestic, stock, and irrigation uses.
Price increases for grain in 1973 and absence of acreage controls probably will encourage additional development of ground water for irrigation. Increased withdrawals will, however, accelerate the rate of water-level decline and reduction in ground-water storage. Increased water-level declines will be accompanied in most of the area by noticeable decreases in well yields. Any additional increase in the rate of withdrawal in areas where saturated thickness has declined about 40 percent or more may significantly shorten the economic life of the aquifer. Additional development in these areas should be considered with regard to increasing pumping costs and decreasing well yields. Development of the ground-water resource could be managed in several ways. The formation of Kansas Ground-Water Management District Number 1 provides a means by which local water users can decide on various management alternatives that would affect the future of their irrigation supply.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr75557","usgsCitation":"Slagle, S.E., and Weakly, E.C., 1975, Ground-water resources of Greeley and Wichita counties, Western Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-557, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75557.","productDescription":"63 p.","numberOfPages":"79","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":147924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0557/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":346206,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0557/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Greeley County, Wichita County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-101.5669,38.2633],[-102.0443,38.2627],[-102.0443,38.2676],[-102.0454,38.6138],[-102.0455,38.6953],[-101.5694,38.7004],[-101.485,38.7002],[-101.1293,38.7001],[-101.1254,38.264],[-101.5405,38.2631],[-101.5669,38.2633]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Greeley\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d79b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slagle, Steven E.","contributorId":35284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slagle","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weakly, Edward C.","contributorId":39390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weakly","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16020,"text":"ofr7587 - 1975 - Icings along the Trans-Alaska Pipeline route","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16020,"text":"ofr7587 - 1975 - Icings along the Trans-Alaska Pipeline route","indexId":"ofr7587","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Icings along the Trans-Alaska Pipeline route"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6421,"text":"pp979 - 1976 - Icings along the Trans-Alaska Pipeline route","indexId":"pp979","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Icings along the Trans-Alaska Pipeline route"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":6421,"text":"pp979 - 1976 - Icings along the Trans-Alaska Pipeline route","indexId":"pp979","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Icings along the Trans-Alaska Pipeline route"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:57","indexId":"ofr7587","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-87","title":"Icings along the Trans-Alaska Pipeline route","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7587","usgsCitation":"Sloan, C.E., Zenone, C., and Mayo, L., 1975, Icings along the Trans-Alaska Pipeline route: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-87, iv, 39 p. :ill. ;27 cm.; (25 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7587.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill. ;27 cm.; (25 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44961,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb7ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloan, Charles E.","contributorId":74364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloan","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zenone, Chester","contributorId":8094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zenone","given":"Chester","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayo, L.R.","contributorId":21541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":35502,"text":"b1310 - 1975 - Coal resources and Cenozoic geology of the Girard coal field, Richland County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:47","indexId":"b1310","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1310","title":"Coal resources and Cenozoic geology of the Girard coal field, Richland County, Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b1310","usgsCitation":"Prichard, G.E., and Landis, E.R., 1975, Coal resources and Cenozoic geology of the Girard coal field, Richland County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1310, v, 89 p. :ill., 2 fold. plates (in pocket) ;24 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1310.","productDescription":"v, 89 p. :ill., 2 fold. plates (in pocket) ;24 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1310/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63419,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1310/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63420,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1310/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63421,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1310/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aeea0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prichard, George Edwards","contributorId":56634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prichard","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwards","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landis, Edwin R.","contributorId":48553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16005,"text":"ofr75381 - 1975 - Preliminary description and interpretation of cores and radiographs from Clear Lake, Lake County, California: Core 5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:01","indexId":"ofr75381","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-381","title":"Preliminary description and interpretation of cores and radiographs from Clear Lake, Lake County, California: Core 5","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr75381","usgsCitation":"Sims, J.D., and Rymer, M.J., 1975, Preliminary description and interpretation of cores and radiographs from Clear Lake, Lake County, California: Core 5: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-381, 47 leaves, 6 sheets :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75381.","productDescription":"47 leaves, 6 sheets :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0381/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44952,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0381/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c66b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sims, John D.","contributorId":60202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rymer, Michael J. mrymer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":172076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":35504,"text":"b1417 - 1975 - Annotated bibliography of studies on the density and other volumetric properties for major components in geothermal waters, 1928-1974","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15492,"text":"ofr75147 - 1975 - Bibliography of studies on the density and other volumetric properties for major components in geothermal waters 1928-1974","indexId":"ofr75147","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Bibliography of studies on the density and other volumetric properties for major components in geothermal waters 1928-1974"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35504,"text":"b1417 - 1975 - Annotated bibliography of studies on the density and other volumetric properties for major components in geothermal waters, 1928-1974","indexId":"b1417","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Annotated bibliography of studies on the density and other volumetric properties for major components in geothermal waters, 1928-1974"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:47","indexId":"b1417","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1417","title":"Annotated bibliography of studies on the density and other volumetric properties for major components in geothermal waters, 1928-1974","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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Jr.","contributorId":53816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":60621,"text":"mf685B - 1975 - Map of susceptibility to landsliding, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-01T14:40:09","indexId":"mf685B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"685","chapter":"B","title":"Map of susceptibility to landsliding, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf685B","isbn":"0607801247","usgsCitation":"Pomeroy, J.S., and Davies, W., 1975, Map of susceptibility to landsliding, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 685, 2 maps ;116 x 88 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf685B.","productDescription":"2 maps ;116 x 88 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275770,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0685b/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":275771,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0685b/plate-2.pdf"}],"scale":"50000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.35083333333333,40.18416666666666 ], [ -80.35083333333333,40.66694444444444 ], [ -79.68388888888889,40.66694444444444 ], [ -79.68388888888889,40.18416666666666 ], [ -80.35083333333333,40.18416666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db6582bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pomeroy, J. S.","contributorId":16807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomeroy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davies, W.E.","contributorId":12440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":46423,"text":"ofr75192 - 1975 - Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map, Jordan Quadrangle, Montana, showing lands withdrawn, classified, and valuable prospectively for leasable minerals and occurrences of other selected minerals; lands withdrawn or classified for waterpower and reservoir sites","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46423,"text":"ofr75192 - 1975 - Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map, Jordan Quadrangle, Montana, showing lands withdrawn, classified, and valuable prospectively for leasable minerals and occurrences of other selected minerals; lands withdrawn or classified for waterpower and reservoir sites","indexId":"ofr75192","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map, Jordan Quadrangle, Montana, showing lands withdrawn, classified, and valuable prospectively for leasable minerals and occurrences of other selected minerals; lands withdrawn or classified for waterpower and reservoir sites"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":64707,"text":"i1102 - 1978 - Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Jordan 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Montana","indexId":"i1102","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Jordan 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Montana"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":64707,"text":"i1102 - 1978 - Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Jordan 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Montana","indexId":"i1102","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Jordan 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Montana"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:48","indexId":"ofr75192","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-192","title":"Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map, Jordan Quadrangle, Montana, showing lands withdrawn, classified, and valuable prospectively for leasable minerals and occurrences of other selected minerals; lands withdrawn or classified for waterpower and reservoir sites","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr75192","usgsCitation":"Bateman, A.F., and Allen, E.G., 1975, Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map, Jordan Quadrangle, Montana, showing lands withdrawn, classified, and valuable prospectively for leasable minerals and occurrences of other selected minerals; lands withdrawn or classified for waterpower and reservoir sites: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-192, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75192.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bateman, Andrew F. Jr.","contributorId":46916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"Andrew","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Elizabeth G.","contributorId":42183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":60590,"text":"mf669B - 1975 - Map showing ground water conditions in the Fairbanks D-2 SE Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T16:38:56.476075","indexId":"mf669B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"669","chapter":"B","title":"Map showing ground water conditions in the Fairbanks D-2 SE Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"The primary controlling factors determining ground-water conditions in the Fairbanks D-2 SE quadrangle are (1) topographic position, (2) water-bearing characteristics of the rocks, and (3) distribution of permafrost. These interrelated factors generally limit the conditions in any particular area.
Basic data from the geologic map of the Fairbanks D-2 SE quadrangle (Map I-942, Pewe and others, in press), the map showing distribution of permafrost in the Fairbanks D-2 SE quadrangle (Map MF-669A, Pewe and Bell, 1975a), and the map showing foundation conditions in the Fairbanks D-2 SE quadrangle (Map MF 669D, Pewe and Bell, 1975c) have been used in conjunction with well data to establish generalized potential ground-water conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf669B","usgsCitation":"Pewe, T., and Bell, J.W., 1975, Map showing ground water conditions in the Fairbanks D-2 SE Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 669, 1 Plate: 38.08 x 30.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf669B.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 38.08 x 30.93 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415503,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0669-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":179887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0669-B/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Fairbanks D-2 SE Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147.75,64.75 ], [ -147.75,64.86749999999999 ], [ -147.5,64.86749999999999 ], [ -147.5,64.75 ], [ -147.75,64.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6555f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pewe, Troy L.","contributorId":30283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pewe","given":"Troy L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, John W.","contributorId":61411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33787,"text":"b1396 - 1975 - Index of generic names of fossil plants, 1966-1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:36","indexId":"b1396","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1396","title":"Index of generic names of fossil plants, 1966-1973","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b1396","usgsCitation":"Blazer, A.M., 1975, Index of generic names of fossil plants, 1966-1973: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1396, 54 p. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1396.","productDescription":"54 p. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1396/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61688,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1396/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f42ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Anna M.","contributorId":24006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13533,"text":"ofr75263 - 1975 - Metallogenic provinces of the southeastern Pacific region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-03T17:41:11.868663","indexId":"ofr75263","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-263","title":"Metallogenic provinces of the southeastern Pacific region","docAbstract":"Metalliferous mineral deposits of the southeastern Pacific region include: (1) hydrothermal, magmatic, and sedimentary deposits of the Andean region, one of the great mineral belts of the world; 2) Scattered hydrothermal mineral occurrences in the Antarctic Peninsula; and 3) metal-enriched pelagic sediments, ferromanganese nodules, and volcanic rocks(?) in the southeast Pacific basin. Andean metalliferous deposits, the chief concern of this report, are for the most part spatially and genetically related to calc-alkaline plutons, sub-volcanic intrusions, and volcanic rocks emplaced during the Andean orogeny of Late Triassic to Quaternary age. These deposits are components of a single metallogenic province superimposed on two or more pre-Andean metallogenic provinces that are indicated by scattered deposits of Paleozoic and Precambrian(?) age. Occurrences in the Antarctic Peninsula are of age and origin similar to the deposits in the Andes and are considered to belong to the Andean province.
The Andean metallogenic province may be divided into several subprovinces, each parallel to the Andes and the continental margin and each having a dominant metal or suite of metals. The central Andes of Peru, northern Chile, and Bolivia, which contain the greatest concentration of exploitable deposits and the greatest variety of ore types, have as many as five linear partly overlapping subprovinces. These sub-provinces, from west to east (Pacific coast to the eastern Andean front), are characterized, respectively, by deposits of : 1) iron; 2) copper, with or without associated gold; 3) polymetallic base metals (zinc, lead, copper), generally containing silver; 4) tin; and 5) gold. Iron deposits chiefly are near the coast in central to northern Chile and in southern Peru. The copper and polymetallic provinces are characterized by abundant deposits in the central Andean region but comparatively few scattered deposits in the north (Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela) and in southern Chile and Argentina. Scattered gold-rich veins and placers occur along the western Andean front and coastal region, the general area of the copper province, from central Chile to northern Colombia. Similar deposits occur along a discontinuous belt in the eastern Andes from Bolivia to Ecuador and in the central Andes of Colombia. Tin deposits are almost wholly restricted to the eastern Andes of Bolivia.
The position and age distribution of plutonic and volcanic rocks and associated metalliferous deposits of the Andes indicate presence of an active subduction zone in this region since at least Late Triassic time. Magmas of the calc-alkaline igneous rocks are believed to have formed chiefly by partial melting of mantle, oceanic sediments, and oceanic crust along the Benioff zone at depths of 100 to 200 km. Plutonic and volcanic rocks show a general though nonuniform progression of decreasing age from west to east. Rocks of Jurassic and Cretaceous age are most abundant near the coast, whereas those of Tertiary and Quaternary age dominate in the Andes. Locally, intrusive rocks and ore deposits of widely different ages are juxtaposed. Metals of the ore deposits associated with the calc-alkaline rocks were supplied by the source rocks in the Benioff zone, some of which probably had been previously enriched in certain metals at the ancestral East Pacific Rise and were mobilized or assimilated from metal-rich zones in the overlying mantle and continental crust by magmas rising from the Benioff zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75263","usgsCitation":"Ericksen, G.E., 1975, Metallogenic provinces of the southeastern Pacific region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-263, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75263.","productDescription":"52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429477,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0263/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0263/report-thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"southeastern Pacific region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.56096459455483,\n 16.30575727916235\n ],\n [\n -81.56096459455483,\n -56.01329569904763\n ],\n [\n -70.2348972705509,\n -56.01329569904763\n ],\n [\n -70.2348972705509,\n 16.30575727916235\n ],\n [\n -81.56096459455483,\n 16.30575727916235\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ericksen, George Edward","contributorId":38537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksen","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":60598,"text":"mf651 - 1975 - Preliminary geologic map of the Buckskin Point Quadrangle, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:38","indexId":"mf651","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"651","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Buckskin Point Quadrangle, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf651","usgsCitation":"Pipiringos, G., and Johnson, R.C., 1975, Preliminary geologic map of the Buckskin Point Quadrangle, Rio Blanco County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 651, 1 map ;57 x 44 cm. on sheet 70 x 87 cm. folded to 18 x 22 cm. in envelope 31 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf651.","productDescription":"1 map ;57 x 44 cm. on sheet 70 x 87 cm. folded to 18 x 22 cm. in envelope 31 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104210,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_3767.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"3767"},{"id":180258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":88830,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1975/0651/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.11749999999999,40 ], [ -108.11749999999999,40.1175 ], [ -108,40.1175 ], [ -108,40 ], [ -108.11749999999999,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bd0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pipiringos, G. N.","contributorId":11210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pipiringos","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, R. C. 0000-0002-6197-5165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":101621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":264058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16007,"text":"ofr75306 - 1975 - Preliminary description and interpretation of cores and radiographs from Clear Lake, Lake County, California; Core 8","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:01","indexId":"ofr75306","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-306","title":"Preliminary description and interpretation of cores and radiographs from Clear Lake, Lake County, California; Core 8","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr75306","usgsCitation":"Sims, J.D., and Rymer, M.J., 1975, Preliminary description and interpretation of cores and radiographs from Clear Lake, Lake County, California; Core 8: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-306, 15, [28, 8] leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (50 p., 7 sheets - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75306.","productDescription":"15, [28, 8] leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (50 p., 7 sheets - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0306/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44953,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0306/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c64b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sims, John D.","contributorId":60202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rymer, Michael J. mrymer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":172080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27792,"text":"wri7543 - 1975 - Perspective on use of fresh water for cooling systems of thermoelectric powerplants in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T14:05:49","indexId":"wri7543","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-43","title":"Perspective on use of fresh water for cooling systems of thermoelectric powerplants in Florida","docAbstract":"Cooling ponds, evaporative cooling towers, and once-through cooling systems of thermoelectric powerplants consume appreciable quantities of water. In Florida a cooling pond for a 1,000 megawatt nuclear power-plant operating at full load in sulluner consumes about 12.5 million gallons of water per day (0.55 cubic metres per second). A cooling tower for a plant of the same size consumes about 14.8 million gallons per day (0.65 cubic metres per second). Because the natural water loss to evaporation is greater for a water body than for a land area of comparable size in the same general environment, the total water consumption attributable to powerplant cooling may be greater for a cooling pond than for a cooling tower in instances where, for lack of a suitable natural water body, a cooling pond is created out of a dryland area. Additional water is required to maintain the chemical quality of the recycled cooling water, the quantity varying with the chemical quality of the makeup water and the concentration of chemical constituents that can be tolerated in the cooling water. Once-through cooling systems require 5 to 10 percent less water than cooling ponds, but the total withdrawal of water for this method is so large that it is practicable in Florida only along the coast where saline water can be used.
In 1970 cooling systems of powerplants in Florida consumed about 106 million gallons per day (4.6 cubic metres per second), mostly saline water. Water consumption for power production in Florida could increase to 400 million gallons per day (17.5 cubic metres per second) by 1990 and to 800 million gallons per day (35.0 cubic metres per second) by 2000. Demand also will increase greatly for other uses that require Fresh water. The continued use of saline water for cooling systems of 3owerplants would help to conserve the fresh-water supply for these uses.
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Large-scale development of these reserves would place a heavy demand on the area 's limited water resources. Surface water is poorly distributed in time and space. Its use for coal development in parts of the area would require storage reservoirs and distribution systems, whereas in the rest of the area surface water is fully appropriated and its use would deprive present users of their supply. Preliminary studies by the U.S. Geological Survey and State agencies in Wyoming, Montana, and South Dakota indicate that the Madison Limestone and associated rocks might provide a significant percentage of the total water requirements for coal development. This report briefly summarized the present knowledge of the geohydrology of the Madison and associated rocks, identifies the need for additional data, and outlines a 5-year plan for a comprehensive study of the hydrology of these rocks. 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