Testing was performed on a prototype of Hewlett-Packard (HP) Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) seismic accelerometer at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory. This prototype was built using discrete electronic components. The self-noise level was measured during low seismic background conditions and found to be 9.8 ng/√Hz at periods below 0.2 s (frequencies above 5 Hz). The six-second microseism noise was also discernible. The HP MEMS accelerometer was compared to a Geotech Model GS-13 reference seismometer during seismic noise and signal levels well above the self-noise of the accelerometer. Matching power spectral densities (corrected for accelerometer and seismometer responses to represent true ground motion) indicated that the HP MEMS accelerometer has a flat (constant) response to acceleration from 0.0125 Hz to at least 62.5 Hz. Tilt calibrations of the HP MEMS accelerometer verified that the flat response to acceleration extends to 0 Hz.
\n\nFuture development of the HP MEMS accelerometer includes replacing the discreet electronic boards with a low power application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and increasing the dynamic range of the sensor to detect strong motion signals above one gravitational acceleration, while maintaining the self-noise observed during these tests.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141047","usgsCitation":"Homeijer, B.D., Milligan, D.J., and Hutt, C.R., 2014, A brief test of the Hewlett-Packard MEMS seismic accelerometer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1047, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141047.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053277","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141047.jpg"},{"id":285911,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1047/"},{"id":285926,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1047/pdf/ofr2014-1047.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd497be4b0b290850ef38b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Homeijer, Brian D.","contributorId":24685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homeijer","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milligan, Donald J.","contributorId":74674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milligan","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70139238,"text":"70139238 - 2014 - Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) resource selection in the northern Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:48:12","indexId":"70139238","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) resource selection in the northern Bering Sea","docAbstract":"The Pacific walrus is a large benthivore with an annual range extending across the continental shelves of the Bering and Chukchi Seas. We used a discrete choice model to estimate site selection by adult radio-tagged walruses relative to the availability of the caloric biomass of benthic infauna and sea ice concentration in a prominent walrus wintering area in the northern Bering Sea (St. Lawrence Island polynya) in 2006, 2008, and 2009. At least 60% of the total caloric biomass of dominant macroinfauna in the study area was composed of members of the bivalve families Nuculidae, Tellinidae, and Nuculanidae. Model estimates indicated walrus site selection was related most strongly to tellinid bivalve caloric biomass distribution and that walruses selected lower ice concentrations from the mostly high ice concentrations that were available to them (quartiles: 76%, 93%, and 99%). Areas with high average predicted walrus site selection generally coincided with areas of high organic carbon input identified in other studies. Projected decreases in sea ice in the St. Lawrence Island polynya and the potential for a concomitant decline of bivalves in the region could result in a northward shift in the wintering grounds of walruses in the northern Bering Sea.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0093035","usgsCitation":"Jay, C.V., Grebmeier, J.M., Fischbach, A.S., McDonald, T.L., Cooper, L.W., and Hornsby, F., 2014, Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) resource selection in the northern Bering Sea: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 4, e93035; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093035.","productDescription":"e93035; 11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050862","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093035","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -175.9130859375,\n 61.02637030866051\n ],\n [\n -175.9130859375,\n 63.6267446447533\n ],\n [\n -169.189453125,\n 63.6267446447533\n ],\n [\n -169.189453125,\n 61.02637030866051\n ],\n [\n -175.9130859375,\n 61.02637030866051\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c20e4b08de9379b3648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.","contributorId":48815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grebmeier","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":2865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonald, Trent L.","contributorId":92193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Trent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooper, Lee W.","contributorId":106806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hornsby, Fawn","contributorId":138933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hornsby","given":"Fawn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70100985,"text":"70100985 - 2014 - Land-use threats and protected areas: a scenario-based, landscape level approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-09T09:13:58","indexId":"70100985","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-08T11:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2596,"text":"Land","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land-use threats and protected areas: a scenario-based, landscape level approach","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic land use will likely present a greater challenge to biodiversity than climate change this century in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Even if species are equipped with the adaptive capacity to migrate in the face of a changing climate, they will likely encounter a human-dominated landscape as a major dispersal obstacle. Our goal was to identify, at the ecoregion-level, protected areas in close proximity to lands with a higher likelihood of future land-use conversion. Using a state-and-transition simulation model, we modeled spatially explicit (1 km2) land use from 2000 to 2100 under seven alternative land-use and emission scenarios for ecoregions in the Pacific Northwest. We analyzed scenario-based land-use conversion threats from logging, agriculture, and development near existing protected areas. A conversion threat index (CTI) was created to identify ecoregions with highest projected land-use conversion potential within closest proximity to existing protected areas. Our analysis indicated nearly 22% of land area in the Coast Range, over 16% of land area in the Puget Lowland, and nearly 11% of the Cascades had very high CTI values. Broader regional-scale land-use change is projected to impact nearly 40% of the Coast Range, 30% of the Puget Lowland, and 24% of the Cascades (i.e., two highest CTI classes). A landscape level, scenario-based approach to modeling future land use helps identify ecoregions with existing protected areas at greater risk from regional land-use threats and can help prioritize future conservation efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Land","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.3390/land3020362","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T.S., Sleeter, B.M., Sleeter, R., and Soulard, C.E., 2014, Land-use threats and protected areas: a scenario-based, landscape level approach: Land, v. 3, no. 2, p. 362-389, https://doi.org/10.3390/land3020362.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"389","numberOfPages":"28","ipdsId":"IP-052848","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land3020362","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":285882,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land3020362"},{"id":285886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Northwest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -132.0,34.0 ], [ -132.0,50.0 ], [ -115.0,50.0 ], [ -115.0,34.0 ], [ -132.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517051e4b05569d805a2fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Tamara S.","contributorId":36640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sleeter, Rachel R.","contributorId":7946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Rachel R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70099612,"text":"70099612 - 2014 - Adverse moisture events predict seasonal abundance of Lyme disease vector ticks (Ixodes scapularis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:37:02","indexId":"70099612","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-08T10:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3010,"text":"Parasites & Vectors","printIssn":"1756-3305","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Adverse moisture events predict seasonal abundance of Lyme disease vector ticks (Ixodes scapularis)","title":"Adverse moisture events predict seasonal abundance of Lyme disease vector ticks (Ixodes scapularis)","docAbstract":"Background: Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in north temperate regions worldwide, affecting an estimated 300,000 people annually in the United States alone. The incidence of LB is correlated with human exposure to its vector, the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis). To date, attempts to model tick encounter risk based on environmental parameters have been equivocal. Previous studies have not considered (1) the differences between relative humidity (RH) in leaf litter and at weather stations, (2) the RH threshold that affects nymphal blacklegged tick survival, and (3) the time required below the threshold to induce mortality. We clarify the association between environmental moisture and tick survival by presenting a significant relationship between the total number of tick adverse moisture events (TAMEs - calculated as microclimatic periods below a RH threshold) and tick abundance each year.
Methods: We used a 14-year continuous statewide tick surveillance database and corresponding weather data from Rhode Island (RI), USA, to assess the effects of TAMEs on nymphal populations of I. scapularis. These TAMEs were defined as extended periods of time (>8 h below 82% RH in leaf litter). We fit a sigmoid curve comparing weather station data to those collected by loggers placed in tick habitats to estimate RH experienced by nymphal ticks, and compiled the number of historical TAMEs during the 14-year record.
Results: The total number of TAMEs in June of each year was negatively related to total seasonal nymphal tick densities, suggesting that sub-threshold humidity episodes >8 h in duration naturally lowered nymphal blacklegged tick abundance. Furthermore, TAMEs were positively related to the ratio of tick abundance early in the season when compared to late season, suggesting that lower than average tick abundance for a given year resulted from tick mortality and not from other factors.
Conclusions: Our results clarify the mechanism by which environmental moisture affects blacklegged tick populations, and offers the possibility to more accurately predict tick abundance and human LB incidence. We describe a method to forecast LB risk in endemic regions and identify the predictive role of microclimatic moisture conditions on tick encounter risk.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central","doi":"10.1186/1756-3305-7-181","usgsCitation":"Berger, K.A., Ginsberg, H.S., Dugas, K.D., Hamel, L.H., and Mather, T., 2014, Adverse moisture events predict seasonal abundance of Lyme disease vector ticks (Ixodes scapularis): Parasites & Vectors, v. 7, no. 181, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-181.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-055702","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473063,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-181","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-181"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.8923,41.1467 ], [ -71.8923,42.0188 ], [ -71.1205,42.0188 ], [ -71.1205,41.1467 ], [ -71.8923,41.1467 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"181","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53903fe1e4b04eea98bf84df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, Kathryn A.","contributorId":22693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. 0000-0002-4933-2466 hginsberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":3204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dugas, Katherine D.","contributorId":46878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugas","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamel, Lutz H.","contributorId":41747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamel","given":"Lutz","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mather, Thomas N.","contributorId":67419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"Thomas N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70099600,"text":"sir20145037 - 2014 - Statistics for stochastic modeling of volume reduction, hydrograph extension, and water-quality treatment by structural stormwater runoff best management practices (BMPs)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-07T14:30:37","indexId":"sir20145037","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-07T14:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5037","title":"Statistics for stochastic modeling of volume reduction, hydrograph extension, and water-quality treatment by structural stormwater runoff best management practices (BMPs)","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM) in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to indicate the risk for stormwater concentrations, flows, and loads to be above user-selected water-quality goals and the potential effectiveness of mitigation measures to reduce such risks. SELDM models the potential effect of mitigation measures by using Monte Carlo methods with statistics that approximate the net effects of structural and nonstructural best management practices (BMPs). In this report, structural BMPs are defined as the components of the drainage pathway between the source of runoff and a stormwater discharge location that affect the volume, timing, or quality of runoff. SELDM uses a simple stochastic statistical model of BMP performance to develop planning-level estimates of runoff-event characteristics. This statistical approach can be used to represent a single BMP or an assemblage of BMPs. The SELDM BMP-treatment module has provisions for stochastic modeling of three stormwater treatments: volume reduction, hydrograph extension, and water-quality treatment. In SELDM, these three treatment variables are modeled by using the trapezoidal distribution and the rank correlation with the associated highway-runoff variables. This report describes methods for calculating the trapezoidal-distribution statistics and rank correlation coefficients for stochastic modeling of volume reduction, hydrograph extension, and water-quality treatment by structural stormwater BMPs and provides the calculated values for these variables. This report also provides robust methods for estimating the minimum irreducible concentration (MIC), which is the lowest expected effluent concentration from a particular BMP site or a class of BMPs. These statistics are different from the statistics commonly used to characterize or compare BMPs. They are designed to provide a stochastic transfer function to approximate the quantity, duration, and quality of BMP effluent given the associated inflow values for a population of storm events. A database application and several spreadsheet tools are included in the digital media accompanying this report for further documentation of methods and for future use.
\nIn this study, analyses were done with data extracted from a modified copy of the January 2012 version of International Stormwater Best Management Practices Database, designated herein as the January 2012a version. Statistics for volume reduction, hydrograph extension, and water-quality treatment were developed with selected data. Sufficient data were available to estimate statistics for 5 to 10 BMP categories by using data from 40 to more than 165 monitoring sites. Water-quality treatment statistics were developed for 13 runoff-quality constituents commonly measured in highway and urban runoff studies including turbidity, sediment and solids; nutrients; total metals; organic carbon; and fecal coliforms. The medians of the best-fit statistics for each category were selected to construct generalized cumulative distribution functions for the three treatment variables. For volume reduction and hydrograph extension, interpretation of available data indicates that selection of a Spearman’s rho value that is the average of the median and maximum values for the BMP category may help generate realistic simulation results in SELDM. The median rho value may be selected to help generate realistic simulation results for water-quality treatment variables.
\nMIC statistics were developed for 12 runoff-quality constituents commonly measured in highway and urban runoff studies by using data from 11 BMP categories and more than 167 monitoring sites. Four statistical techniques were applied for estimating MIC values with monitoring data from each site. These techniques produce a range of lower-bound estimates for each site. Four MIC estimators are proposed as alternatives for selecting a value from among the estimates from multiple sites. Correlation analysis indicates that the MIC estimates from multiple sites were weakly correlated with the geometric mean of inflow values, which indicates that there may be a qualitative or semiquantitative link between the inflow quality and the MIC. Correlations probably are weak because the MIC is influenced by the inflow water quality and the capability of each individual BMP site to reduce inflow concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145037","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Office of Project Development and Environmental Review","usgsCitation":"Granato, G., 2014, Statistics for stochastic modeling of volume reduction, hydrograph extension, and water-quality treatment by structural stormwater runoff best management practices (BMPs): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5037, Report: vii, 37 p.; Digital media, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145037.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 37 p.; Digital media","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053232","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145037.jpg"},{"id":285853,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5037/sir2014-5037.zip"},{"id":285851,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5037/pdf/sir2014-5037.pdf"},{"id":284444,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5037/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517065e4b05569d805a3cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70100884,"text":"70100884 - 2014 - Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations of burbot Lota lota from Great Slave Lake are very low but vary by sex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-08T08:28:44","indexId":"70100884","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-07T11:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations of burbot Lota lota from Great Slave Lake are very low but vary by sex","docAbstract":"Total polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations (ΣPCBs) in whole fish were determined for 18 ripe female burbot Lota lota and 14 ripe male burbot from Great Slave Lake, a lake with no known point sources of PCBs. In addition, ΣPCBs were determined both in the somatic tissue and in the gonads for a randomly selected subset of five females and five males. Mean ΣPCBs for females and males were 2.89 and 3.76 ng/g, respectively. Thus, males were 30 % greater in ΣPCB than females. Based on ΣPCB determinations for somatic tissue and gonads, ΣPCBs of females and males would be expected to decrease by 18 % and increase by 6 %, respectively, immediately after spawning due to release of gametes. Results from a previous study in eastern Lake Erie indicated that males were 28 and 71 % greater in ΣPCB than females from populations of younger (ages 6-13) and older (ages 14-17) burbot, respectively. Thus, although younger burbot from Lake Erie were about 50 times greater in ΣPCB than Great Slave Lake burbot, the relative difference in ΣPCBs between the sexes was remarkably similar across both populations. Our results supported the contention that the widening of the difference in ΣPCBs between the sexes in older burbot from Lake Erie was attributable to a “hot spot” effect operating on older burbot, as Lake Erie has received PCB point source loadings. Our results also supported the contention that male fish expend energy at a rate between 15 and 30 % greater than that of females. Eventually, these results will be useful in developing sex-specific bioenergetics models for fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-014-0015-9","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Stapanian, M.A., Cott, P.A., Rediske, R.R., and O'Keefe, J., 2014, Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations of burbot Lota lota from Great Slave Lake are very low but vary by sex: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 66, no. 4, p. 529-537, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-014-0015-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"537","ipdsId":"IP-052858","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285775,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-014-0015-9"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Great Slave Lake;Northwest Territories","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.8045,60.828 ], [ -116.8045,62.9586 ], [ -108.8961,62.9586 ], [ -108.8961,60.828 ], [ -116.8045,60.828 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351705ae4b05569d805a364","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cott, Peter A.","contributorId":64160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cott","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rediske, Richard R.","contributorId":79053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rediske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Keefe, James P.","contributorId":99499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Keefe","given":"James P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70100885,"text":"70100885 - 2014 - A multispecies statistical age-structured model to assess predator-prey balance: application to an intensively managed Lake Michigan pelagic fish community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-08T08:32:36","indexId":"70100885","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-07T10:23:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multispecies statistical age-structured model to assess predator-prey balance: application to an intensively managed Lake Michigan pelagic fish community","docAbstract":"Using a Bayesian model fitting approach, we developed a multispecies statistical catch-at-age model to assess trade-offs between predatory demands and prey productivities, focusing on the Lake Michigan pelagic fish community. We assessed these trade-offs in terms of predation mortalities and productivities of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and functional responses of salmonines. Our predation mortality estimates suggest that salmonine consumption has been a major driver of historical fluctuations in prey abundance, with sharp declines in alewife abundance in the 1980s and 2000s coinciding with estimated increases in predation mortalities. While Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were food limited during periods of low alewife abundance, other salmonines appeared to maintain a (near) maximum per-predator consumption across all observed prey densities, suggesting that feedback mechanisms are unlikely to help maintain a balance between predator consumption and prey productivity in Lake Michigan. This study demonstrates that a multispecies modeling approach that combines stock assessment methods with explicit consideration of predator–prey interactions could provide the basis for tactical decision-making from a broader ecosystem perspective.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2013-0313","usgsCitation":"Tsehaye, I., Jones, M., Bence, J., Brenden, T.O., Madenjian, C.P., and Warner, D.M., 2014, A multispecies statistical age-structured model to assess predator-prey balance: application to an intensively managed Lake Michigan pelagic fish community: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 4, p. 627-644, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0313.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"627","endPage":"644","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-052567","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285770,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0313"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0489,41.6199 ], [ -88.0489,46.1023 ], [ -84.756,46.1023 ], [ -84.756,41.6199 ], [ -88.0489,41.6199 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53516ef2e4b05569d8059f2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsehaye, Iyob","contributorId":106801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsehaye","given":"Iyob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":7219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bence, James R.","contributorId":95026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bence","given":"James R.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brenden, Travis O.","contributorId":13876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenden","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warner, David M. 0000-0003-4939-5368 dmwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-5368","contributorId":2986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"David","email":"dmwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70095800,"text":"ofr20141050 - 2014 - Projecting climate effects on birds and reptiles of the Southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:45:42","indexId":"ofr20141050","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-07T09:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1050","title":"Projecting climate effects on birds and reptiles of the Southwestern United States","docAbstract":"We modeled the current and future breeding ranges of seven bird and five reptile species in the Southwestern United States with sets of landscape, biotic (plant), and climatic global circulation model (GCM) variables.
\nFor modeling purposes, we used PRISM data to characterize the climate of the Western United States between 1980 and 2009 (baseline for birds) and between 1940 and 2009 (baseline for reptiles). In contrast, we used a pre-selected set of GCMs that are known to be good predictors of southwestern climate (five individual and one ensemble GCM), for the A1B emission scenario, to characterize future climatic conditions in three time periods (2010–39; 2040–69; and, 2070–99).
\nOur modeling approach relied on conceptual models for each target species to inform selection of candidate explanatory variables and to interpret the ecological meaning of developed probabilistic distribution models. We employed logistic regression and maximum entropy modeling techniques to create a set of probabilistic models for each target species.
\nWe considered climatic, landscape, and plant variables when developing and testing our probabilistic models. Climatic variables included the maximum and minimum mean monthly and seasonal temperature and precipitation for three time periods. Landscape features included terrain ruggedness and insolation. We also considered plant species distributions as candidate explanatory variables where prior ecological knowledge implicated a strong association between a plant and animal species.
\nProjected changes in range varied widely among species, from major losses to major gains.
\nBreeding bird ranges exhibited greater expansions and contractions than did reptile species.
\nWe project range losses for Williamson’s sapsucker and pygmy nuthatch of a magnitude that could move these two species close to extinction within the next century. Although both species currently have a relatively limited distribution, they can be locally common, and neither are presently considered candidates for prospective endangerment.
\nWe project range losses of over 40 percent, from its current extent of occurrence, for the plateau striped whiptail, Arizona black rattlesnake, and common lesser earless lizard. Currently, these reptile species are thought to be common or at least locally abundant throughout their ranges.
\nThe total contribution of plants in each distribution model was very small, but models that contained at least one plant always outperformed models with only physical variables (climatic or landscape). The magnitude of change in projected range increased further into the future, especially when a plant was in the model.
\nAmong bird species, those that had the strongest association with a landscape feature during the breeding season, such as terrain ruggedness and insolation, exhibited the smallest contractions in projected breeding range in the future. In contrast, bird species that had weak associations with landscape features, but strong climatic associations, suffered the greatest breeding range contractions. Thus, landscape effects appeared to buffer some of the negative effects of climate change for some species.
\nAmong bird species, magnitude of change in projected breeding range was positively related to the annual average temperature of their baseline distribution, thus species with the warmest breeding ranges exhibited the greatest changes in future breeding ranges. This pattern was not evident for reptiles, but might exist if additional species were included in the model.
\nOur results provide managers with a series of projected range maps that will enable scientists, concerned citizens, and wildlife managers to identify what the potential effects of climate change will be on bird and reptile distributions in the Western United States. We hope that our results can be used in proactive ways to mitigate some of the potential effects of climate change on selected species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141050","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C., Hatten, J.R., Giermakowski, J.T., Mattson, D., Holmes, J., Johnson, M.J., Nowak, E., Ironside, K., Peters, M., Heinrich, P., Cole, K., Truettner, C., and Schwalbe, C.R., 2014, Projecting climate effects on birds and reptiles of the Southwestern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1050, x, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141050.","productDescription":"x, 100 p.","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040401","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141050.jpg"},{"id":285757,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1050/pdf/ofr2014-1050.pdf"},{"id":285756,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1050/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau;Sonoran Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.88,29.35 ], [ -124.88,49.0 ], [ -102.04,49.0 ], [ -102.04,29.35 ], [ -124.88,29.35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351705ce4b05569d805a37b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatten, James R. 0000-0003-4676-8093 jhatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-8093","contributorId":3431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"James","email":"jhatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giermakowski, J. Tomasz","contributorId":98630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giermakowski","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Tomasz","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mattson, David","contributorId":75047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmes, Jennifer A.","contributorId":86437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Matthew J. mjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Matthew","email":"mjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27989,"text":"Colorado Plateau Research Station, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nowak, Erika M.","contributorId":14062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Erika M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ironside, Kirsten","contributorId":19808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ironside","given":"Kirsten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Peters, Michael","contributorId":35643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Heinrich, Paul","contributorId":63308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinrich","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cole, K.L.","contributorId":87507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Truettner, C.","contributorId":7615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truettner","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schwalbe, Cecil R. cschwalbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":3077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"Cecil","email":"cschwalbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70100991,"text":"70100991 - 2014 - Parasite-mediated selection drives an immunogenetic tradeoff in plains zebra (Equus quagga)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-09T10:02:29","indexId":"70100991","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-06T09:58:09","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parasite-mediated selection drives an immunogenetic tradeoff in plains zebra (Equus quagga)","docAbstract":"Pathogen evasion of the host immune system is a key force driving extreme polymorphism in genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Although this gene family is well characterized in structure and function, there is still much debate surrounding the mechanisms by which MHC diversity is selectively maintained. Many studies have investigated relationships between MHC variation and specific pathogens, and have found mixed support for and against the hypotheses of heterozygote advantage, frequency-dependent or fluctuating selection. Few, however, have focused on the selective effects of multiple parasite types on host immunogenetic patterns. Here, we examined relationships between variation in the equine MHC gene, ELA-DRA, and both gastrointestinal (GI) and ectoparasitism in plains zebras (Equus quagga). Specific alleles present at opposing population frequencies had antagonistic effects, with rare alleles associated with increased GI parasitism and common alleles with increased tick burdens. These results support a frequency-dependent mechanism, but are also consistent with fluctuating selection. Maladaptive GI parasite ‘susceptibility alleles’ were reduced in frequency, suggesting that these parasites may play a greater selective role at this locus. Heterozygote advantage, in terms of allele mutational divergence, also predicted decreased GI parasite burden in genotypes with a common allele. We conclude that an immunogenetic trade-off affects resistance/susceptibility to parasites in this system. Because GI and ectoparasites do not directly interact within hosts, our results uniquely show that antagonistic parasite interactions can be indirectly modulated through the host immune system. This study highlights the importance of investigating the role of multiple parasites in shaping patterns of host immunogenetic variation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2014.0077","usgsCitation":"Kamath, P.L., Turner, W., Kusters, M., and Getz, W.M., 2014, Parasite-mediated selection drives an immunogenetic tradeoff in plains zebra (Equus quagga): Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 281, no. 1783, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0077.","ipdsId":"IP-050719","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0077","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":285938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285937,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0077"}],"volume":"281","issue":"1783","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517059e4b05569d805a359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kamath, Pauline L. pkamath@usgs.gov","contributorId":4517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamath","given":"Pauline","email":"pkamath@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Wendy C.","contributorId":36458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Wendy C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kusters, Martina","contributorId":91785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusters","given":"Martina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Getz, Wayne M.","contributorId":64563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getz","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70100725,"text":"sir20145020 - 2014 - Simulation of groundwater flow and interaction of groundwater and surface water on the Lac du Flambeau Reservation, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-04T12:51:24","indexId":"sir20145020","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-04T12:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5020","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow and interaction of groundwater and surface water on the Lac du Flambeau Reservation, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa and Indian Health Service are interested in improving the understanding of groundwater flow and groundwater/surface-water interaction on the Lac du Flambeau Reservation (Reservation) in southwest Vilas County and southeast Iron County, Wisconsin, with particular interest in an understanding of the potential for contamination of groundwater supply wells and the fate of wastewater that is infiltrated from treatment lagoons on the Reservation. This report describes the construction, calibration, and application of a regional groundwater flow model used to simulate the shallow groundwater flow system of the Reservation and water-quality results for groundwater and surface-water samples collected near a system of waste-water-treatment lagoons.
\nGroundwater flows through a permeable glacial aquifer that ranges in thickness from 60 to more than 200 feet (ft). Seepage and drainage lakes are common in the area and influence groundwater flow patterns on the Reservation. A two-dimensional, steady-state analytic element groundwater flow model was constructed using the program GFLOW. The model was calibrated by matching target water levels and stream base flows through the use of the parameter-estimation program, PEST. Simulated results illustrate that groundwater flow within most of the Reservation is toward the Bear River and the chain of lakes that feed the Bear River. Results of analyses of groundwater and surface-water samples collected downgradient from the wastewater infiltration lagoons show elevated levels of ammonia and dissolved phosphorus. In addition, wastewater indicator chemicals detected in three downgradient wells and a small downgradient stream indicate that infiltrated wastewater is moving southwest of the lagoons toward Moss Lake.
\nPotential effects of extended wet and dry periods (within historical ranges) were evaluated by adjusting precipitation and groundwater recharge in the model and comparing the resulting simulated lake stage and water budgets to stages and water budgets from the calibrated model. Simulated lake water budgets and water level changes illustrate the importance of understanding the position of a lake within the hydrologic system (headwater or downstream), the type of lake (surface-water drainage or seepage lake), and the role of groundwater in dampening the effects of large-scale changes in weather patterns on lake levels.
\nAreas contributing recharge to drinking-water supply wells on the Reservation were delineated using forward particle tracking from the water table to the well. Monte Carlo uncertainty analyses were used to produce maps showing the probability of groundwater capture for areas around each well nest. At the Main Pumphouse site near the Village of Lac du Flambeau, most of the area contributing recharge to the wells occurs downgradient from a large wetland between the wells and the wastewater infiltration lagoons. Nonetheless, a small potential for the wells to capture infiltrated wastewater is apparent when considering uncertainty in the model parameter values. At the West Pumphouse wells south of Flambeau Lake, most of the area contributing recharge is between the wells and Tippecanoe Lake.
\nThe extent of infiltrated wastewater from two infiltration lagoons was tracked using the groundwater flow model and Monte Carlo uncertainty analyses. Wastewater infiltrated from the lagoons flows predominantly south toward Moss Lake as it integrates with the regional groundwater flow system. The wastewater-plume-extent simulations support the area-contributing-recharge simulations, indicating that there is a possibility, albeit at low probability, that some wastewater could be captured by water-supply wells. Comparison of simulated water-table contours indicate that the lagoons may mound the water table approximately 4 ft, with diminishing levels of mounding outward from the lagoons.
\nFour scenarios, representing potential alternatives for wastewater management, were simulated (at current discharge rates) to evaluate the potential extent of wastewater in the aquifer and discharge to surface-water bodies associated with each management scenario. Wastewater simulated to infiltrate through a hypothetical diffuser below a wetland south of the current lagoons appears to discharge to the overlying wetland and would likely discharge to Moss Lake as overland flow. Wastewater simulated to discharge to a small lake (Mindy Lake) between Moss and Fence Lakes appears to spread radically over a large area between the lakes. Wastewater simulated to discharge to lagoons south and northeast of the current lagoons also appears to spread radially, but the areas of the aquifer with the highest probability of encountering waste-water contamination would likely be between the lagoons and the nearest lake, where the wastewater would eventually discharge. Probability results for the wastewater-plume-extent scenarios are sensitive to the number of mathematical water particles used to represent infiltrating wastewater and the level of detail in the synthetic grid used for the probability analysis. Thus, probability results from wastewater-plume-extent simulations are qualitative only; however, it is expected that illustrations of relatively high or low probability will be useful as a general guide for decision making. Management problems requiring quantitative estimates of probability are best re-cast into problems evaluating the area that contributes recharge to the location of interest, which is not dependent upon the number of simulated particles or the resolution of a synthetic grid.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145020","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa and Indian Health Service","usgsCitation":"Juckem, P.F., Fienen, M., and Hunt, R.J., 2014, Simulation of groundwater flow and interaction of groundwater and surface water on the Lac du Flambeau Reservation, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5020, Report: vi, 43 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145020.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 43 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046060","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285713,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5020/pdf/sir2014-5020.pdf"},{"id":285714,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5020/appendix/sir2014-5020_appendix_layout.xlsx"},{"id":285715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145020.jpg"},{"id":285701,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5020/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Iron County;Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Lac Du Flambeau Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.0,45.916667 ], [ -90.0,46.083333 ], [ -89.75,46.083333 ], [ -89.75,45.916667 ], [ -90.0,45.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517062e4b05569d805a3ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juckem, Paul F. 0000-0002-3613-1761 pfjuckem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-1761","contributorId":1905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"Paul","email":"pfjuckem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70099604,"text":"sir20145050 - 2014 - Groundwater availability in the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers, Chesterfield County, South Carolina, 1900-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-10T10:56:07.508306","indexId":"sir20145050","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-04T12:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5050","title":"Groundwater availability in the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers, Chesterfield County, South Carolina, 1900-2012","docAbstract":"Chesterfield County is located in the northeastern part of South Carolina along the southern border of North Carolina and is primarily underlain by unconsolidated sediments of Late Cretaceous age and younger of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Approximately 20 percent of Chesterfield County is in the Piedmont Physiographic Province, and this area of the county is not included in this study. These Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments compose two productive aquifers: the Crouch Branch aquifer that is present at land surface across most of the county and the deeper, semi-confined McQueen Branch aquifer. Most of the potable water supplied to residents of Chesterfield County is produced from the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers by a well field located near McBee, South Carolina, in the southwestern part of the county. Overall, groundwater availability is good to very good in most of Chesterfield County, especially the area around and to the south of McBee, South Carolina. The eastern part of Chesterfield County does not have as abundant groundwater resources but resources are generally adequate for domestic purposes.
\nThe primary purpose of this study was to determine groundwater-flow rates, flow directions, and changes in water budgets over time for the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers in the Chesterfield County area. This goal was accomplished by using the U.S. Geological Survey finite-difference MODFLOW groundwater-flow code to construct and calibrate a groundwater-flow model of the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Chesterfield County. The model was created with a uniform grid size of 300 by 300 feet to facilitate a more accurate simulation of groundwater-surface-water interactions. The model consists of 617 rows from north to south extending about 35 miles and 884 columns from west to east extending about 50 miles, yielding a total area of about 1,750 square miles. However, the active part of the modeled area, or the part where groundwater flow is simulated, totaled about 1,117 square miles.
\nMajor types of data used as input to the model included groundwater levels, groundwater-use data, and hydrostratigraphic data, along with estimates and measurements of stream base flows made specifically for this study. The groundwater-flow model was calibrated to groundwater-level and stream base-flow conditions from 1900 to 2012 using 39 stress periods. The model was calibrated with an automated parameter-estimation approach using the computer program PEST, and the model used regularized inversion and pilot points. The groundwater-flow model was calibrated using field data that included groundwater levels that had been collected between 1940 and 2012 from 239 wells and base-flow measurements from 44 locations distributed within the study area. To better understand recharge and inter-aquifer interactions, seven wells were equipped with continuous groundwater-level recording equipment during the course of the study, between 2008 and 2012. These water levels were included in the model calibration process. The observed groundwater levels were compared to the simulated ones, and acceptable calibration fits were achieved. Root mean square error for the simulated groundwater levels compared to all observed groundwater levels was 9.3 feet for the Crouch Branch aquifer and 8.6 feet for the McQueen Branch aquifer.
\nThe calibrated groundwater-flow model was then used to calculate groundwater budgets for the entire study area and for two sub-areas. The sub-areas are the Alligator Rural Water and Sewer Company well field near McBee, South Carolina, and the Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge acquisition boundary area. For the overall model area, recharge rates vary from 56 to 1,679 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) with a mean of 737 Mgal/d over the simulation period (1900–2012). The simulated water budget for the streams and rivers varies from 653 to 1,127 Mgal/d with a mean of 944 Mgal/d. The simulated “storage-in term” ranges from 0 to 565 Mgal/d with a mean of 276 Mgal/d. The simulated “storage-out term” has a range of 0 to 552 Mgal/d with a mean of 77 Mgal/d. Groundwater budgets for the McBee, South Carolina, area and the Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge acquisition area had similar results.
\nAn analysis of the effects of past and current groundwater withdrawals on base flows in the McBee area indicated a negligible effect of pumping from the Alligator Rural Water and Sewer well field on local stream base flows. Simulate base flows for 2012 for selected streams in and around the McBee area were similar with and without simulated groundwater withdrawals from the well field. Removing all pumping from the model for the entire simulation period (1900–2012) produces a negligible difference in increased base flow for the selected streams. The 2012 flow for Lower Alligator Creek was 5.04 Mgal/d with the wells pumping and 5.08 Mgal/d without the wells pumping; this represents the largest difference in simulated flows for the six streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145050","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Campbell, B.G., and Landmeyer, J., 2014, Groundwater availability in the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers, Chesterfield County, South Carolina, 1900-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5050, Report: viii, 68 p.; 2 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145050.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 68 p.; 2 Tables","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1900-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052468","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285712,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145050.jpg"},{"id":285708,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5050/"},{"id":285709,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5050/pdf/sir2014-5050.pdf"},{"id":285710,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5050/tables/sir2014-5050_table2-1-crouchbranch.xlsx"},{"id":285711,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5050/tables/sir2014-5050_table2-2-mcqueenbranch.xlsx"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Chesterfield County","otherGeospatial":"Crouch Branch Aquifer, Mcqueen Branch 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Bruce G. 0000-0003-4800-6674 bcampbel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-6674","contributorId":995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bruce","email":"bcampbel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70099787,"text":"ofr20141064 - 2014 - Noble gas isotopes in mineral springs within the Cascadia Forearc, Washington and Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-29T22:47:49.297952","indexId":"ofr20141064","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-04T08:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1064","title":"Noble gas isotopes in mineral springs within the Cascadia Forearc, Washington and Oregon","docAbstract":"This U.S. Geological Survey report presents laboratory analyses along with field notes for a pilot study to document the relative abundance of noble gases in mineral springs within the Cascadia forearc of Washington and Oregon. Estimates of the depth to the underlying Juan de Fuca oceanic plate beneath the sample sites are derived from the McCrory and others (2012) slab model. Some of these springs have been previously sampled for chemical analyses (Mariner and others, 2006), but none currently have publicly available noble gas data. Helium isotope values as well as the noble gas values and ratios presented below will be used to determine the sources and mixing history of these mineral waters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141064","usgsCitation":"McCrory, P.A., Constantz, J., and Hunt, A.G., 2014, Noble gas isotopes in mineral springs within the Cascadia Forearc, Washington and Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1064, Report: iv, 20 p.; Tables 1-8, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141064.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; Tables 1-8","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052802","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285666,"rank":10,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/"},{"id":285676,"rank":11,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141064.GIF"},{"id":285675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table8_Wilhoit.xlsx"},{"id":285674,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table7_Sodaville.xlsx"},{"id":285673,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table6_Cascadia.xlsx"},{"id":285669,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table2_Olympic.xlsx"},{"id":285672,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table5_Boswell.xlsx"},{"id":285671,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table4_Pigeon.xlsx"},{"id":285670,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table3_JacksonPrairie.xlsx"},{"id":285668,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table1_SolDuc.xlsx"},{"id":285667,"rank":9,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/pdf/ofr2014-1064.pdf"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -132.0,39.0 ], [ -132.0,52.0 ], [ -120.0,52.0 ], [ -120.0,39.0 ], [ -132.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517057e4b05569d805a345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCrory, Patricia A. 0000-0003-2471-0018 pmccrory@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-0018","contributorId":2728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"Patricia","email":"pmccrory@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, James E. 0000-0002-4062-2096 jconstan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-2096","contributorId":1962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"James E.","email":"jconstan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70100632,"text":"70100632 - 2014 - Testing metapopulation concepts: effects of patch characteristics and neighborhood occupancy on the dynamics of an endangered lagomorph","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-16T16:12:51","indexId":"70100632","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-03T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing metapopulation concepts: effects of patch characteristics and neighborhood occupancy on the dynamics of an endangered lagomorph","docAbstract":"Metapopulation ecology is a field that is richer in theory than in empirical results. Many existing empirical studies use an incidence function approach based on spatial patterns and key assumptions about extinction and colonization rates. Here we recast these assumptions as hypotheses to be tested using 18 years of historic detection survey data combined with four years of data from a new monitoring program for the Lower Keys marsh rabbit. We developed a new model to estimate probabilities of local extinction and colonization in the presence of nondetection, while accounting for estimated occupancy levels of neighboring patches. We used model selection to identify important drivers of population turnover and estimate the effective neighborhood size for this system. Several key relationships related to patch size and isolation that are often assumed in metapopulation models were supported: patch size was negatively related to the probability of extinction and positively related to colonization, and estimated occupancy of neighboring patches was positively related to colonization and negatively related to extinction probabilities. This latter relationship suggested the existence of rescue effects. In our study system, we inferred that coastal patches experienced higher probabilities of extinction and colonization than interior patches. Interior patches exhibited higher occupancy probabilities and may serve as refugia, permitting colonization of coastal patches following disturbances such as hurricanes and storm surges. Our modeling approach should be useful for incorporating neighbor occupancy into future metapopulation analyses and in dealing with other historic occupancy surveys that may not include the recommended levels of sampling replication.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oikos","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/oik.01008","usgsCitation":"Eaton, M., Hughes, P.T., Hines, J., and Nichols, J., 2014, Testing metapopulation concepts: effects of patch characteristics and neighborhood occupancy on the dynamics of an endangered lagomorph: Oikos, v. 123, no. 6, p. 662-676, https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.01008.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"662","endPage":"676","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-052535","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285550,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.01008"},{"id":285551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lower Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.730229,24.550671 ], [ -81.730229,24.849433 ], [ -81.288019,24.849433 ], [ -81.288019,24.550671 ], [ -81.730229,24.550671 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"123","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517066e4b05569d805a3db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eaton, Mitchell J.","contributorId":71308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Mitchell J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, Phillip T.","contributorId":68874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70100475,"text":"70100475 - 2014 - Linking aquifer spatial properties and non-Fickian transport in mobile-immobile like alluvial settings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-02T11:00:28","indexId":"70100475","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-02T10:59:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking aquifer spatial properties and non-Fickian transport in mobile-immobile like alluvial settings","docAbstract":"Time-nonlocal transport models can describe non-Fickian diffusion observed in geological media, but the physical meaning of parameters can be ambiguous, and most applications are limited to curve-fitting. This study explores methods for predicting the parameters of a temporally tempered Lévy motion (TTLM) model for transient sub-diffusion in mobile–immobile like alluvial settings represented by high-resolution hydrofacies models. The TTLM model is a concise multi-rate mass transfer (MRMT) model that describes a linear mass transfer process where the transfer kinetics and late-time transport behavior are controlled by properties of the host medium, especially the immobile domain. The intrinsic connection between the MRMT and TTLM models helps to estimate the main time-nonlocal parameters in the TTLM model (which are the time scale index, the capacity coefficient, and the truncation parameter) either semi-analytically or empirically from the measurable aquifer properties. Further applications show that the TTLM model captures the observed solute snapshots, the breakthrough curves, and the spatial moments of plumes up to the fourth order. Most importantly, the a priori estimation of the time-nonlocal parameters outside of any breakthrough fitting procedure provides a reliable “blind” prediction of the late-time dynamics of subdiffusion observed in a spectrum of alluvial settings. Predictability of the time-nonlocal parameters may be due to the fact that the late-time subdiffusion is not affected by the exact location of each immobile zone, but rather is controlled by the time spent in immobile blocks surrounding the pathway of solute particles. Results also show that the effective dispersion coefficient has to be fitted due to the scale effect of transport, and the mean velocity can differ from local measurements or volume averages. The link between medium heterogeneity and time-nonlocal parameters will help to improve model predictability for non-Fickian transport in alluvial settings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.02.064","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., Green, C.T., and Baeumer, B., 2014, Linking aquifer spatial properties and non-Fickian transport in mobile-immobile like alluvial settings: Journal of Hydrology, v. 512, p. 315-331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.02.064.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-052078","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285267,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.02.064"}],"volume":"512","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517052e4b05569d805a308","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.02.064","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.02.064","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Zhang Yong, Green Christopher T., Baeumer Boris","journalName":"Journal of Hydrology","publicationDate":"5/2014","auditedOn":"9/18/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Yong","contributorId":19029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baeumer, Boris","contributorId":70245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baeumer","given":"Boris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70100468,"text":"70100468 - 2014 - Decadal surface water quality trends under variable climate, land use, and hydrogeochemical setting in Iowa, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:54:17","indexId":"70100468","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-02T10:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal surface water quality trends under variable climate, land use, and hydrogeochemical setting in Iowa, USA","docAbstract":"Understanding how nitrogen fluxes respond to changes in agriculture and climate is important for improving water quality. In the midwestern United States, expansion of corn cropping for ethanol production led to increasing N application rates in the 2000s during a period of extreme variability of annual precipitation. To examine the effects of these changes, surface water quality was analyzed in 10 major Iowa Rivers. Several decades of concentration and flow data were analyzed with a statistical method that provides internally consistent estimates of the concentration history and reveals flow-normalized trends that are independent of year-to-year streamflow variations. Flow-normalized concentrations of nitrate+nitrite-N decreased from 2000 to 2012 in all basins. To evaluate effects of annual discharge and N loading on these trends, multiple conceptual models were developed and calibrated to flow-weighted annual concentrations. The recent declining concentration trends can be attributed to both very high and very low discharge in the 2000s and to the long (e.g., 8 year) subsurface residence times in some basins. Dilution of N and depletion of stored N occurs in years with high discharge. Reduced N transport and increased N storage occurs in low-discharge years. Central Iowa basins showed the greatest reduction in flow-normalized concentrations, likely because of smaller storage volumes and shorter residence times. Effects of land-use changes on the water quality of major Iowa Rivers may not be noticeable for years or decades in peripheral basins of Iowa, and may be obscured in the central basins where extreme flows strongly affect annual concentration trends.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014829","usgsCitation":"Green, C.T., Bekins, B.A., Kalkhoff, S.J., Hirsch, R.M., Liao, L., and Barnes, K., 2014, Decadal surface water quality trends under variable climate, land use, and hydrogeochemical setting in Iowa, USA: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 3, p. 2425-2443, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014829.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2425","endPage":"2443","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052067","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285264,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014829"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.6395,40.3754 ], [ -96.6395,43.5012 ], [ -90.1426,43.5012 ], [ -90.1426,40.3754 ], [ -96.6395,40.3754 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517032e4b05569d805a1af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J. 0000-0003-4110-1716 sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liao, Lixia 0000-0003-2513-0680 lliao@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2513-0680","contributorId":5311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"Lixia","email":"lliao@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barnes, Kimberlee K.","contributorId":41476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Kimberlee K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70094688,"text":"sir20145024 - 2014 - Delineation of brine contamination in and near the East Poplar oil field, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 2004-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-02T10:46:06","indexId":"sir20145024","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-02T09:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5024","title":"Delineation of brine contamination in and near the East Poplar oil field, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 2004-09","docAbstract":"The extent of brine contamination in the shallow aquifers in and near the East Poplar oil field is as much as 17.9 square miles and appears to be present throughout the entire saturated zone in contaminated areas. The brine contamination affects 15–37 billion gallons of groundwater. Brine contamination in the shallow aquifers east of the Poplar River generally moves to the southwest toward the river and then southward in the Poplar River valley. The likely source of brine contamination in the shallow aquifers is brine that is produced with crude oil in the East Poplar oil field study area. Brine contamination has not only affected the water quality from privately owned wells in and near the East Poplar oil field, but also the city of Poplar’s public water-supply wells.
\nThree water-quality types characterize water in the shallow aquifers; a fourth water-quality type in the study area characterizes the brine. Type 1 is uncontaminated water that is suitable for most domestic purposes and typically contains sodium bicarbonate and sodium/magnesium sulfate as the dominant ions. Type 2 is moderately contaminated water that is suitable for some domestic purposes, but not used for drinking water, and typically contains sodium and chloride as the dominant ions. Type 3 is considerably contaminated water that is unsuitable for any domestic purpose and always contains sodium and chloride as the dominant ions. Type 3 quality of water in the shallow aquifers is similar to Type 4, which is the brine that is produced with crude oil.
\n
\n
Electromagnetic apparent conductivity data were collected in the 106 square-mile area and used to determine extent of brine contamination. These data were collected and interpreted in conjunction with water-quality data collected through 2009 to delineate brine plumes in the shallow aquifers. Monitoring wells subsequently were drilled in some areas without existing water wells to confirm most of the delineated brine plumes; however, several possible plumes do not contain either existing water wells or monitoring wells. Analysis of groundwater samples from wells confirms the presence of 12.1 square miles of contamination, as much as 1.7 square miles of which is considerably contaminated (Type 3). Electromagnetic apparent conductivity data in areas with no wells delineate an additional 5.8 square miles of possible contamination, 2.1 square miles of which might be considerably contaminated (Type 3). Storage-tank facilities, oil wells, brine-injection wells, pipelines, and pits are likely sources of brine in the study area. It is not possible to identify discrete oil-related features as likely sources of brine plumes because several features commonly are co-located. During the latter half of the twentieth century, many brine plumes migrated beyond the immediate source area and likely mix together in modern and ancestral Poplar River valley subareas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Fort Peck Tribes Office of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Thamke, J., and Smith, B.D., 2014, Delineation of brine contamination in and near the East Poplar oil field, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 2004-09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5024, Report: viii, 40 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145024.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 40 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-009092","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145024.jpg"},{"id":285268,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5024/pdf/sir2014-5024.pdf"},{"id":285269,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5024/"},{"id":285270,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5024/appendix"}],"datum":"NAD 27","country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Fort Peck","otherGeospatial":"Fort Peck Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.0,48.0 ], [ -107.0,49.0 ], [ -105.0,49.0 ], [ -105.0,48.0 ], [ -107.0,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517032e4b05569d805a1b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70055512,"text":"70055512 - 2014 - Sedimentary facies of the upper Cambrian (Furongian; Jiangshanian and Sunwaptan) Tunnel City Group, Upper Mississippi Valley: new insight on the old stormy debate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-13T15:29:24","indexId":"70055512","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T15:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary facies of the upper Cambrian (Furongian; Jiangshanian and Sunwaptan) Tunnel City Group, Upper Mississippi Valley: new insight on the old stormy debate","docAbstract":"New data from detailed measured sections permit a comprehensive revision of the sedimentary facies of the Furongian (upper Cambrian; Jiangshanian and Sunwaptan stages) Tunnel City Group (Lone Rock Formation and Mazomanie Formation) of Wisconsin and Minnesota. Heterogeneous sandstones, comprising seven lithofacies along a depositional transect from shoreface to transitional-offshore environments, record sedimentation in a storm-dominated, shallow-marine epicontinental sea. The origin of glauconite in the Birkmose Member and Reno Member of the Lone Rock Formation was unclear, but its formation and preserved distribution are linked to inferred depositional energy rather than just net sedimentation rate. Flat-pebble conglomerate, abundant in lower Paleozoic strata, was associated with the formation of a condensed section during cratonic flooding. Hummocky cross-stratification was a valuable tool used to infer depositional settings and relative paleobathymetry, and the model describing formation of this bedform is expanded to address flow types dominant during its genesis, in particular the importance of an early unidirectional component of combined flow. The depositional model developed here for the Lone Rock Formation and Mazomanie Formation is broadly applicable to other strata common to the early Paleozoic that document sedimentation along flooded cratonic interiors or shallow shelves.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.09.008","usgsCitation":"Eoff, J.D., 2014, Sedimentary facies of the upper Cambrian (Furongian; Jiangshanian and Sunwaptan) Tunnel City Group, Upper Mississippi Valley: new insight on the old stormy debate: Sedimentary Geology, v. 302, p. 102-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.09.008.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"102","endPage":"121","ipdsId":"IP-044560","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287099,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.09.008"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota;Wisconsin","volume":"302","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53733f04e4b049706127892d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eoff, Jennifer D. jeoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":3418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eoff","given":"Jennifer","email":"jeoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70100456,"text":"fs20143020 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:45:20","indexId":"fs20143020","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T15:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3020","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Missouri","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Missouri, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming; natural resources conservation; flood risk management; homeland security, law enforcement, and disaster response; infrastructure and construction management; water supply and quality; and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517067e4b05569d805a3e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. 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Using data for turtles, we tested the model that sex ratios are expected to be male-biased when females are larger than males and female-biased when males are larger than females because of the relationship of each with the attainment of maturity. Our model is based on the premise that the earlier-maturing sex remains smaller, on average throughout life, and predominates numerically unless the sexes are strongly affected by differential mortality, differential emigration, and immigration, or biased primary sex ratios. Based on data for 24 species in seven families, SSD and sex ratios were significantly negatively correlated for most analyses, even after the effect of phylogenetic bias was removed. The analyses provide support for the model that SSD and adult sex ratios are correlated in turtles as a result of simultaneous correlation of each with sexual differences in attainment of maturity (bimaturism). Environmental sex determination provides a possible mechanism for the phenomenon in turtles and some other organisms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/bij.12275","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., Gibbons, J., and Agha, M., 2014, Does the timing of attainment of maturity influence sexual size dimorphism and adult sex ratio in turtles?: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 112, no. 1, p. 142-149, https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12275.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"149","ipdsId":"IP-054110","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12275","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":285905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285903,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bij.12275"}],"volume":"112","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517034e4b05569d805a1cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbons, J. Whitfield","contributorId":46584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"J. Whitfield","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Agha, Mickey","contributorId":22235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agha","given":"Mickey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70124385,"text":"70124385 - 2014 - Impacts of upper respiratory tract disease on olfactory behavior of the Mojave desert tortoise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T15:01:17","indexId":"70124385","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T14:45:36","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of upper respiratory tract disease on olfactory behavior of the Mojave desert tortoise","docAbstract":"Upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) caused by Mycoplasma agassizii is considered a threat to desert tortoise populations that should be addressed as part of the recovery of the species. Clinical signs can be intermittent and include serous or mucoid nasal discharge and respiratory difficulty when nares are occluded. This nasal congestion may result in a loss of the olfactory sense. Turtles are known to use olfaction to identify food items, predators, and conspecifics; therefore, it is likely that URTD affects not only their physical well-being but also their behavior and ability to perform necessary functions in the wild. To determine more specifically the impact nasal discharge might have on free-ranging tortoises (Gopherus agassizii), we compared the responses of tortoises with and without nasal discharge and both positive and negative for M. agassizii antibodies to a visually hidden olfactory food stimulus and an empty control. We found that nasal discharge did reduce sense of smell and hence the ability to locate food. Our study also showed that moderate chronic nasal discharge in the absence of other clinical signs did not affect appetite in desert tortoises.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2013-06-130","usgsCitation":"Germano, J., Van Zerr, V.E., Esque, T., Nussear, K.E., and Lamberski, N., 2014, Impacts of upper respiratory tract disease on olfactory behavior of the Mojave desert tortoise: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 50, no. 2, p. 354-358, https://doi.org/10.7589/2013-06-130.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-051499","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/2013-06-130","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293753,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2013-06-130"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b9ade4b0239f1986ba91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germano, Jennifer","contributorId":17547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germano","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Zerr, Vanessa E.","contributorId":58204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Zerr","given":"Vanessa","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":3221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nussear, Ken E.","contributorId":103596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamberski, Nadine","contributorId":103597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamberski","given":"Nadine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70101339,"text":"70101339 - 2014 - A survey of benthic sediment contaminants in reaches of the Columbia River Estuary based on channel sedimentation characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:30:56","indexId":"70101339","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T13:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A survey of benthic sediment contaminants in reaches of the Columbia River Estuary based on channel sedimentation characteristics","docAbstract":"While previous studies have documented contaminants in fish, sediments, water, and wildlife, few specifics are known about the spatial distribution of contaminants in the Columbia River Estuary (CRE). Our study goal was to characterize sediment contaminant detections and concentrations in reaches of the CRE that were concurrently being sampled to assess contaminants in water, invertebrates, fish, and osprey (Pandion haliaetus) eggs. Our objectives were to develop a survey design based on sedimentation characteristics and then assess whether sediment grain size, total organic carbon (TOC), and contaminant concentrations and detections varied between areas with different sedimentation characteristics. We used a sediment transport model to predict sedimentation characteristics of three 16 km river reaches in the CRE. We then compartmentalized the modeled change in bed mass after a two week simulation to define sampling strata with depositional, stable, or erosional conditions. We collected and analyzed bottom sediments to assess whether substrate composition, organic matter composition, and contaminant concentrations and detections varied among strata within and between the reaches. We observed differences in grain size fractions between strata within and between reaches. We found that the fine sediment fraction was positively correlated with TOC. Contaminant concentrations were statistically different between depositional vs. erosional strata for the industrial compounds, personal care products and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons class (Indus–PCP–PAH). We also observed significant differences between strata in the number of detections of Indus–PCP–PAH (depositional vs. erosional; stable vs. erosional) and for the flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides class (depositional vs. erosional, depositional vs. stable). When we estimated mean contaminant concentrations by reach, we observed higher contaminant concentrations in the furthest downstream reach with a decreasing trend in the two upstream reaches. Contaminant survey designs that account for sedimentation characteristics could increase the probability that sampling is allocated to areas likely to be contaminated.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.013","usgsCitation":"Counihan, T.D., Waite, I.R., Nilsen, E.B., Hardiman, J.M., Elias, E., Gelfenbaum, G., and Zaugg, S.D., 2014, A survey of benthic sediment contaminants in reaches of the Columbia River Estuary based on channel sedimentation characteristics: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 331-343, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.013.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"343","ipdsId":"IP-046003","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1np8s2bf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":286211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.79,41.99 ], [ -124.79,49.0 ], [ -116.46,49.0 ], [ -116.46,41.99 ], [ -124.79,41.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"484","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53516ef9e4b05569d8059f37","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.013","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.013","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Counihan Timothy D., Waite Ian R., Nilsen Elena B., Hardiman Jill M., Elias Edwin, Gelfenbaum Guy, Zaugg Steven D.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"6/2014","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Counihan, Timothy D. 0000-0003-4967-6514 tcounihan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-6514","contributorId":4211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"Timothy","email":"tcounihan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, Ian R. 0000-0003-1681-6955 iwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-6955","contributorId":616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Ian","email":"iwaite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nilsen, Elena B. 0000-0002-0104-6321 enilsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6321","contributorId":923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","email":"enilsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardiman, Jill M. 0000-0002-3661-9695 jhardiman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3661-9695","contributorId":2672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardiman","given":"Jill","email":"jhardiman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elias, Edwin","contributorId":50615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70048664,"text":"70048664 - 2014 - Stream macroinvertebrate response models for bioassessment metrics: addressing the issue of spatial scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:51:00","indexId":"70048664","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T13:36:17","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream macroinvertebrate response models for bioassessment metrics: addressing the issue of spatial scale","docAbstract":"We developed independent predictive disturbance models for a full regional data set and four individual ecoregions (Full Region vs. Individual Ecoregion models) to evaluate effects of spatial scale on the assessment of human landscape modification, on predicted response of stream biota, and the effect of other possible confounding factors, such as watershed size and elevation, on model performance. We selected macroinvertebrate sampling sites for model development (n = 591) and validation (n = 467) that met strict screening criteria from four proximal ecoregions in the northeastern U.S.: North Central Appalachians, Ridge and Valley, Northeastern Highlands, and Northern Piedmont. Models were developed using boosted regression tree (BRT) techniques for four macroinvertebrate metrics; results were compared among ecoregions and metrics. Comparing within a region but across the four macroinvertebrate metrics, the average richness of tolerant taxa (RichTOL) had the highest R2 for BRT models. Across the four metrics, final BRT models had between four and seven explanatory variables and always included a variable related to urbanization (e.g., population density, percent urban, or percent manmade channels), and either a measure of hydrologic runoff (e.g., minimum April, average December, or maximum monthly runoff) and(or) a natural landscape factor (e.g., riparian slope, precipitation, and elevation), or a measure of riparian disturbance. Contrary to our expectations, Full Region models explained nearly as much variance in the macroinvertebrate data as Individual Ecoregion models, and taking into account watershed size or elevation did not appear to improve model performance. As a result, it may be advantageous for bioassessment programs to develop large regional models as a preliminary assessment of overall disturbance conditions as long as the range in natural landscape variability is not excessive.","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0090944","usgsCitation":"White, I.R., Kennen, J., May, J., Brown, L.R., Cuffney, T.F., Jones, K.A., and Orlando, J., 2014, Stream macroinvertebrate response models for bioassessment metrics: addressing the issue of spatial scale: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 3, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090944.","productDescription":"e90944; 21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-045602","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090944","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287148,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090944"},{"id":287150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"North Central Appalachians;Northeastern Highlands;Northern Piedmont;Ridge And Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80,3.1352777777777776 ], [ -80,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -72,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -72,3.1352777777777776 ], [ -80,3.1352777777777776 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53749079e4b0870f4d23cfff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Ian R.","contributorId":21862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennen, Jonathan G. 0000-0002-5426-4445 jgkennen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4445","contributorId":574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennen","given":"Jonathan G.","email":"jgkennen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cuffney, Thomas F. 0000-0003-1164-5560 tcuffney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-5560","contributorId":517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuffney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Kimberly A. kjones@usgs.gov","contributorId":937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Kimberly","email":"kjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":95954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70237034,"text":"70237034 - 2014 - Response of a tall building far from the epicenter of the 11 March 2011 M 9.0 Great East Japan earthquake and aftershocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T18:45:30.176533","indexId":"70237034","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T13:29:06","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10523,"text":"The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings","onlineIssn":"1541-7808","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of a tall building far from the epicenter of the 11 March 2011 M 9.0 Great East Japan earthquake and aftershocks","docAbstract":"The 11 March 2011 M 9.0 Great East Japan earthquake generated significant long-duration shaking that propagated hundreds of kilometers from the epicenter and affected urban areas throughout much of Honshu. Recorded responses of a tall building at 770 km from the epicenter of the mainshock and other related or unrelated events show how structures sensitive to long-period motions can be affected by distant sources. Even when the largest peak input motions to the building is about 3% g, the strong-shaking duration was about 140 s. The 300- to 1000-s prolonged responses of the building are primarily due to a combination of site resonance (e.g. structural fundamental frequency ~0.15 Hz and site frequency ~0.13–0.17 Hz) and low damping (~1–2%) of the structure. Response modification technologies can improve the response of the building during future earthquakes. The need-to-consider risks to such built environments from distant sources are emphasized.
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Izuru","contributorId":65508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okawa","given":"Izuru","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":853124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kashima, Toshidate","contributorId":149524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kashima","given":"Toshidate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":853125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Koyama, Shin","contributorId":149525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koyama","given":"Shin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":853126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70111060,"text":"70111060 - 2014 - Triggering and modulation of geyser eruptions in Yellowstone National Park by earthquakes, earth tides, and weather","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T08:48:13","indexId":"70111060","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T13:19:04","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Triggering and modulation of geyser eruptions in Yellowstone National Park by earthquakes, earth tides, and weather","docAbstract":"We analyze intervals between eruptions (IBEs) data acquired between 2001 and 2011 at Daisy and Old Faithful geysers in Yellowstone National Park. We focus our statistical analysis on the response of these geysers to stress perturbations from within the solid earth (earthquakes and earth tides) and from weather (air pressure and temperature, precipitation, and wind). We conclude that (1) the IBEs of these geysers are insensitive to periodic stresses induced by solid earth tides and barometric pressure variations; (2) Daisy (pool geyser) IBEs lengthen by evaporation and heat loss in response to large wind storms and cold air; and (3) Old Faithful (cone geyser) IBEs are not modulated by air temperature and pressure variations, wind, and precipitation, suggesting that the subsurface water column is decoupled from the atmosphere. Dynamic stress changes of 0.1−0.2 MPa resulting from the 2002 M-7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake surface waves caused a statistically significant shortening of Daisy geyser's IBEs. Stresses induced by other large global earthquakes during the study period were at least an order of magnitude smaller. In contrast, dynamic stresses of >0.5 MPa from three large regional earthquakes in 1959, 1975, and 1983 caused lengthening of Old Faithful's IBEs. We infer that most subannual geyser IBE variability is dominated by internal processes and interaction with other geysers. The results of this study provide quantitative bounds on the sensitivity of hydrothermal systems to external stress perturbations and have implications for studying the triggering and modulation of volcanic eruptions by external forces.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010803","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Sohn, R.A., Luttrell, K.M., and Manga, M., 2014, Triggering and modulation of geyser eruptions in Yellowstone National Park by earthquakes, earth tides, and weather: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 3, p. 1718-1737, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010803.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1718","endPage":"1737","ipdsId":"IP-052228","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jb010803","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,43.5 ], [ -111,45.5 ], [ -110,45.5 ], [ -110,43.5 ], [ -111,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"119","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae787ce4b0abf75cf2d705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohn, Robert A.","contributorId":37258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohn","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luttrell, Karen M. kluttrell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luttrell","given":"Karen","email":"kluttrell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manga, Michael","contributorId":66559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manga","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70101273,"text":"70101273 - 2014 - Levee crest elevation profiles derived from airborne lidar-based high resolution digital elevation models in south Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:27:18","indexId":"70101273","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T13:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1958,"text":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Levee crest elevation profiles derived from airborne lidar-based high resolution digital elevation models in south Louisiana","docAbstract":"This study explores the feasibility of using airborne lidar surveys to construct high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and develop an automated procedure to extract levee longitudinal elevation profiles for both federal levees in Atchafalaya Basin and local levees in Lafourche Parish, south Lousiana. This approach can successfully accommodate a high degree of levee sinuosity and abrupt changes in levee orientation (direction) in planar coordinates, variations in levee geometries, and differing DEM resolutions. The federal levees investigated in Atchafalaya Basin have crest elevations between 5.3 and 12 m while the local counterparts in Lafourche Parish are between 0.76 and 2.3 m. The vertical uncertainty in the elevation data is considered when assessing federal crest elevation against the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers minimum height requirements to withstand the 100-year flood. Only approximately 5% of the crest points of the two federal levees investigated in the Atchafalaya Basin region met this requirement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.02.010","usgsCitation":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M., Thatcher, C., and Barras, J., 2014, Levee crest elevation profiles derived from airborne lidar-based high resolution digital elevation models in south Louisiana: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, v. 91, p. 114-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.02.010.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"126","ipdsId":"IP-046351","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0434,28.9254 ], [ -94.0434,33.0195 ], [ -88.8162,33.0195 ], [ -88.8162,28.9254 ], [ -94.0434,28.9254 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"91","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517052e4b05569d805a305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica 0000-0002-3786-5118 mpal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-5118","contributorId":3639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy","given":"Monica","email":"mpal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, Cindy A.","contributorId":79604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Cindy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barras, John A. jbarras@usgs.gov","contributorId":2425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"John A.","email":"jbarras@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}