{"pageNumber":"607","pageRowStart":"15150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70047260,"text":"ofr20131129 - 2013 - Analytical approaches used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs of State agencies in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-27T11:15:32","indexId":"ofr20131129","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-27T11:08:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1129","title":"Analytical approaches used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs of State agencies in the United States","docAbstract":"Biomonitoring programs based on benthic macroinvertebrates are well-established worldwide. Their value, however, depends on the appropriateness of the analytical techniques used. All United States State, benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs were surveyed regarding the purposes of their programs, quality-assurance and quality-control procedures used, habitat and water-chemistry data collected, treatment of macroinvertebrate data prior to analysis, statistical methods used, and data-storage considerations. State regulatory mandates (59 percent of programs), biotic index development (17 percent), and Federal requirements (15 percent) were the most frequently reported purposes of State programs, with the specific tasks of satisfying the requirements for 305b/303d reports (89 percent), establishment and monitoring of total maximum daily loads, and developing biocriteria being the purposes most often mentioned. Most states establish reference sites (81 percent), but classify them using State-specific methods. The most often used technique for determining the appropriateness of a reference site was Best Professional Judgment (86 percent of these states). Macroinvertebrate samples are almost always collected by using a D-frame net, and duplicate samples are collected from approximately 10 percent of sites for quality assurance and quality control purposes. Most programs have macroinvertebrate samples processed by contractors (53 percent) and have identifications confirmed by a second taxonomist (85 percent). All States collect habitat data, with most using the Rapid Bioassessment Protocol visual-assessment approach, which requires ~1 h/site. Dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity are measured in more than 90 percent of programs. Wide variation exists in which taxa are excluded from analyses and the level of taxonomic resolution used. Species traits, such as functional feeding groups, are commonly used (96 percent), as are tolerance values for organic pollution (87 percent). Less often used are tolerance values for metals (28 percent). Benthic data are infrequently modified (34 percent) prior to analysis. Fixed-count subsampling is used widely (83 percent), with the number of organisms sorted ranging from 100 to 600 specimens. Most programs include a step during sample processing to acquire rare taxa (79 percent). Programs calculate from 2 to more than100 different metrics (mean 20), and most formulate a multimetric index (87 percent). Eleven of the 112 metrics reported represent 50 percent of all metrics considered to be useful, and most of these are based on richness or percent composition. Biotic indices and tolerance metrics are most oftenused in the eastern U.S., and functional and habitat-type metrics are most often used in the western U.S. Sixty-nine percent of programs analyze their data in-house, typically performing correlations and regressions, and few use any form of data transformation (34 percent). Fifty-one percent of the programs use multivariate analyses, typically non-metric multi-dimensional scaling. All programs have electronic data storage. Most programs use the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (75 percent) for nomenclature and to update historical data (78 percent). State procedures represent a diversity of biomonitoring approaches which likely compromises comparability among programs. A national-state consensus is needed for: (1) developing methods for the identification of reference conditions and reference sites, (2) standardization in determining and reporting species richness, (3) testing and documenting both the theoretical and mechanistic basis of often-used metrics, (4) development of properly replicated point-source study designs, and (5) curation of benthic macroinvertebrate data, including reference and voucher collections, for successful evaluation of future environmental changes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131129","usgsCitation":"Carter, J.L., and Resh, V.H., 2013, Analytical approaches used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs of State agencies in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1129, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131129.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131129.png"},{"id":275481,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1129/"},{"id":275482,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1129/pdf/ofr20131129.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f4ddd9e4b0838938b2802f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Resh, Vincent H.","contributorId":12169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Resh","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047213,"text":"70047213 - 2013 - The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T14:35:26","indexId":"70047213","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":797,"text":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems","docAbstract":"Natural hazards and climate change present growing challenges to community water system (CWS) managers, who are increasingly turning to vulnerability assessments to identify, prioritize, and adapt to risks. Effectively assessing CWS vulnerability requires information and participation from various sources, one of which is stakeholders. In this article, we present a deliberative risk-ranking methodology, the participatory vulnerability scoping diagram (P-VSD), which allows rapid assessment and integration of multiple stakeholder perspectives of vulnerability. This technique is based on methods of deliberative risk evaluation and the vulnerability scoping diagram. The goal of the methodology is to engage CWS managers and stakeholders collectively to provide qualitative contextual risk rankings as a first step in a vulnerability assessment. We conduct an initial assessment using a case study of CWS in two U.S. counties, sites with broadly similar exposures but differences in population, land use, and other social sensitivity factors. Results demonstrate that CWS managers and stakeholders in the two case study communities all share the belief that their CWS are vulnerable to hazards but differ in how this vulnerability manifests itself in terms of the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of the system.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2013.754673","usgsCitation":"Howe, P.D., Yarnal, B., Coletti, A., and Wood, N.J., 2013, The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 2, no. 103, p. 343-352, https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.754673.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-032858","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275396,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.754673"}],"volume":"2","issue":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5fe4b0a32220222f4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, Peter D.","contributorId":60931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yarnal, Brent","contributorId":31839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarnal","given":"Brent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coletti, Alex","contributorId":69866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coletti","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047172,"text":"70047172 - 2013 - River flow changes related to land and water management practices across the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T13:08:14","indexId":"70047172","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T13:04:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River flow changes related to land and water management practices across the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The effects of land and water management practices (LWMP)—such as the construction of dams and roads—on river flows typically have been studied at the scale of single river watersheds or for a single type of LWMP. For the most part, assessments of the relative effects of multiple LWMP within many river watersheds across regional and national scales have been lacking. This study assesses flow alteration—quantified as deviation of several flow metrics from natural conditions—at 4196 gauged rivers affected by a variety of LWMP across the conterminous United States. The most widespread causes of flow changes among the LWMP considered were road density and dams. Agricultural development and wastewater discharges also were associated with flow changes in some regions. Dams generally reduced most attributes of flow, whereas road density, agriculture and wastewater discharges tended to be associated with increased flows compared to their natural condition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001","usgsCitation":"Eng, K., Wolock, D.M., and Carlisle, D.M., 2013, River flow changes related to land and water management practices across the conterminous United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 463-464, p. 414-422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"422","ipdsId":"IP-045920","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275451,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001"},{"id":275452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275309,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713006530"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"463-464","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ce4b0a32220222f23","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Eng Ken, Wolock David M., Carlisle Daren M.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"10/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eng, Ken","contributorId":89480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eng","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047218,"text":"70047218 - 2013 - Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T12:44:35","indexId":"70047218","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T12:32:04","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2454,"text":"Journal of Separation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS","docAbstract":"Pheromones guide adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) to suitable spawning streams and mates, and therefore, when quantified, can be used to assess population size and guide management. Here, we present an efficient sample preparation method where 100 mL of river water was spiked with deuterated pheromone as an internal standard and underwent rapid field-based SPE and elution in the field. The combination of field extraction with laboratory UPLC-MS/MS reduced the sample consumption from 1 to 0.1 L, decreased the sample process time from more than 1 h to 10 min, and increased the precision and accuracy. The sensitivity was improved more than one order of magnitude compared with the previous method. The influences of experimental conditions were assessed to optimize the separation and peak shapes. The analytical method has been validated by studies of stability, selectivity, precision, and linearity and by the determination of the limits of detection and quantification. The method was used to quantify pheromone concentration from five streams tributary to Lake Ontario and to estimate that the environmental half-life of 3kPZS is about 26 h.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Separation Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jssc.201300110","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., Johnson, N., Bernardy, J., Hubert, T., and Li, W., 2013, Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS: Journal of Separation Science, v. 36, no. 9-10, p. 1612-1620, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201300110.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1612","endPage":"1620","ipdsId":"IP-044840","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275446,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201300110"}],"volume":"36","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5be4b0a32220222f1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Huiyong","contributorId":101545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Huiyong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas","contributorId":95781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernardy, Jeffrey","contributorId":35216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubert, Terry","contributorId":18653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047247,"text":"70047247 - 2013 - Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T11:54:47","indexId":"70047247","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T11:49:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"Pesticides are receiving increasing attention as potential causes of amphibian declines, acting singly or in combination with other stressors, but limited information is available on the accumulation of current-use pesticides in tissue. The authors examined potential exposure and accumulation of currently used pesticides in pond-breeding frogs (Pseudacris regilla) collected from 7 high elevations sites in northern California. All sites sampled are located downwind of California's highly agricultural Central Valley and receive inputs of pesticides through precipitation and/or dry deposition. Whole frog tissue, water, and sediment were analyzed for more than 90 current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Two fungicides, pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole, and one herbicide, simazine, were the most frequently detected pesticides in tissue samples. Median pesticide concentration ranged from 13 µg/kg to 235 µg/kg wet weight. Tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin were the only 2 compounds observed frequently in frog tissue and sediment. Significant spatial differences in tissue concentration were observed, which corresponded to pesticide use in the upwind counties. Data generated indicated that amphibians residing in remote locations are exposed to and capable of accumulating current-use pesticides. A comparison of P. regilla tissue concentrations with water and sediment data indicated that the frogs are accumulating pesticides and are potentially a more reliable indicator of exposure to this group of pesticides than either water or sediment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.2308","usgsCitation":"Smalling, K., Fellers, G.M., Kleeman, P.M., and Kuivila, K., 2013, Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 32, no. 9, p. 2026-2034, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2308.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2026","endPage":"2034","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275441,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2308"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.53,32.53 ], [ -124.53,42.0 ], [ -114.13,42.0 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.53,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c52e4b0a32220222f0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L.","contributorId":16105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047246,"text":"ofr20131152 - 2013 - Serious games experiment toward agent-based simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T11:57:58","indexId":"ofr20131152","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T11:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1152","title":"Serious games experiment toward agent-based simulation","docAbstract":"We evaluate the potential for serious games to be used as a scientifically based decision-support product that supports the United States Geological Survey’s (USGS) mission--to provide integrated, unbiased scientific information that can make a substantial contribution to societal well-being for a wide variety of complex environmental challenges. Serious or pedagogical games are an engaging way to educate decisionmakers and stakeholders about environmental challenges that are usefully informed by natural and social scientific information and knowledge and can be designed to promote interactive learning and exploration in the face of large uncertainties, divergent values, and complex situations. We developed two serious games that use challenging environmental-planning issues to demonstrate and investigate the potential contributions of serious games to inform regional-planning decisions. Delta Skelta is a game emulating long-term integrated environmental planning in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, that incorporates natural hazards (flooding and earthquakes) and consequences for California water supplies amidst conflicting water interests. Age of Ecology is a game that simulates interactions between economic and ecologic processes, as well as natural hazards while implementing agent-based modeling. The content of these games spans the USGS science mission areas related to water, ecosystems, natural hazards, land use, and climate change. We describe the games, reflect on design and informational aspects, and comment on their potential usefulness. During the process of developing these games, we identified various design trade-offs involving factual information, strategic thinking, game-winning criteria, elements of fun, number and type of players, time horizon, and uncertainty. We evaluate the two games in terms of accomplishments and limitations. Overall, we demonstrated the potential for these games to usefully represent scientific information within challenging environmental and ecosystem-management contexts and to provide an interactive way of learning about the complexity of interactions between people and natural systems. Further progress on the use of pedagogical games to fulfill the USGS mission will require collaboration among scientists, game developers, educators, and stakeholders. We conclude that as the USGS positions itself to communicate and convey the results of multiple science strategies, including natural-resource security and sustainability, pedagogical game development and agent-based modeling offer a means to (1) establish interdisciplinary and collaborative teams with a focused integrated outcome; (2) contribute to the modeling of interaction, feedback, and adaptation of ecosystems; and (3) enable social learning through a broadly appealing and increasingly sophisticated medium.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131152","usgsCitation":"Wein, A., and Labiosa, W., 2013, Serious games experiment toward agent-based simulation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1152, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131152.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131152.bmp"},{"id":275443,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1152/pdf/ofr20131152.pdf"},{"id":275444,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1152/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ce4b0a32220222f2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Labiosa, William","contributorId":26421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labiosa","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047235,"text":"70047235 - 2013 - Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:53:41","indexId":"70047235","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T08:25:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the western United States","docAbstract":"Pervasive warming can lead to chronic stress on forest trees, which may contribute to mortality resulting from fire-caused injuries. Longitudinal analyses of forest plots from across the western US show that high pre-fire climatic water deficit was related to increased post-fire tree mortality probabilities. This relationship between climate and fire was present after accounting for fire defences and injuries, and appeared to influence the effects of crown and stem injuries. Climate and fire interactions did not vary substantially across geographical regions, major genera and tree sizes. Our findings support recent physiological evidence showing that both drought and heating from fire can impair xylem conductivity. Warming trends have been linked to increasing probabilities of severe fire weather and fire spread; our results suggest that warming may also increase forest fire severity (the number of trees killed) independent of fire intensity (the amount of heat released during a fire).","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ele.12151","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., Nesmith, J.C., Keifer, M., Knapp, E.E., Flint, A., and Flint, L., 2013, Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the western United States: Ecology Letters, v. 16, no. 9, p. 1151-1156, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12151.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1156","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":541,"text":"Redwood Field Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275420,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12151"},{"id":275421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ae4b0a32220222f0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, Philip J.","contributorId":78199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nesmith, Jonathan C. B.","contributorId":88618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nesmith","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"C. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keifer, MaryBeth","contributorId":21841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keifer","given":"MaryBeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knapp, Eric E.","contributorId":80570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, Alan","contributorId":58503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":6746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70047216,"text":"70047216 - 2013 - A comparison of models for estimating potential evapotranspiration for Florida land cover types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T08:09:28","indexId":"70047216","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T16:01:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of models for estimating potential evapotranspiration for Florida land cover types","docAbstract":"We analyzed observed daily evapotranspiration (DET) at 18 sites having measured DET and ancillary climate data and then used these data to compare the performance of three common methods for estimating potential evapotranspiration (PET): the Turc method (Tc), the Priestley-Taylor method (PT) and the Penman-Monteith method (PM). The sites were distributed throughout the State of Florida and represent a variety of land cover types: open water (3), marshland (4), grassland/pasture (4), citrus (2) and forest (5). Not surprisingly, the highest DET values occurred at the open water sites, ranging from an average of 3.3 mm d<sup>-1</sup> in the winter to 5.3 mm d<sup>-1</sup> in the spring. DET at the marsh sites was also high, ranging from 2.7 mm d<sup>-1</sup> in winter to 4.4 mm d<sup>-1</sup> in summer. The lowest DET occurred in the winter and fall seasons at the grass sites (1.3 mm d<sup>-1</sup> and 2.0 mm d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively) and at the forested sites (1.8 mm d<sup>-1 and 2.3 mm d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). The performance of the three methods when applied to conditions close to PET (Bowen ratio &le; 1) was used to judge relative merit. Under such PET conditions, annually aggregated Tc and PT methods perform comparably and outperform the PM method, possibly due to the sensitivity of the PM method to the limited transferability of previously determined model parameters. At a daily scale, the PT performance appears to be superior to the other two methods for estimating PET for a variety of land covers in Florida.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.029","usgsCitation":"Douglas, E.M., Jacobs, J.M., Sumner, D.M., and Ray, R.L., 2013, A comparison of models for estimating potential evapotranspiration for Florida land cover types: Journal of Hydrology, v. 373, no. 3-4, p. 366-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.029.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-004364","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275413,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.029"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.6349,24.5211 ], [ -87.6349,31.001 ], [ -80.0311,31.001 ], [ -80.0311,24.5211 ], [ -87.6349,24.5211 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"373","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253e2e4b0279fe2e1bfbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, Ellen M.","contributorId":57344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobs, Jennifer M.","contributorId":86245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sumner, David M. 0000-0002-2144-9304 dmsumner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2144-9304","contributorId":1362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"David","email":"dmsumner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ray, Ram L.","contributorId":21850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Ram","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118122,"text":"70118122 - 2013 - Roman, Visigothic and Islamic evidence of earthquakes recorded in the archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” (Prebetic Zone, southeast of Spain)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T15:57:08","indexId":"70118122","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T15:50:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1351,"text":"Cuaternario y Geomorfologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roman, Visigothic and Islamic evidence of earthquakes recorded in the archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” (Prebetic Zone, southeast of Spain)","docAbstract":"The archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” is located within the Albacete province (SE of Spain) and \nshows a continuous time record of ancient civilizations from 3500 yr BP onwards. However, three temporal \ngaps were identified in this archaeological record, all of them in relationship with a sudden and unclear \nabandonment of the city (Centuries 1st, 7th and 9-10th). The Archaeological Earthquake Effects (EAEs) supports \nthe possibility that moderate to strong earthquakes were the cause of such abandonments: oriented columns \nfallen, collapsed walls and arches, abandonment of irrigation systems and fresh-water supplies, crashed \npottery, etc. Despite of the scarce of instrumental seismicity and a few historical chronicles, paleoseismic \nstudies performed in the neighbouring zone (Tobarra) suggest the presence of closer seismic sources as faults \n(Pozohondo Fault) affecting Quaternary alluvial, lacustrine deposits and colluviums. In this work, we propose \nthe possibility that three moderate earthquakes devastated the ancient Roman city of Ilunum (Century 1st AD), \nthe Visigothic city of Elo (Century 7th AD) and the Islamic city of Madinat Iyih (Century 9th-10thAD), all of them \nthe same place: “El Tolmo de Minateda”.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cuaternario y Geomorfologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Asociación Española para el Estudio del Cuaternario","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez-Pascua, M., Abad Casal, L., Perez-Lopez, R., Gamo Parra, B., Silva, P., Garduño-Monroy, V., Giner-Robles, J.L., Perucha, M., Israde-Alcántara, I., Bischoff, J., and Calvo, J.P., 2013, Roman, Visigothic and Islamic evidence of earthquakes recorded in the archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” (Prebetic Zone, southeast of Spain): Cuaternario y Geomorfologia, v. 27, no. 3-4, p. 83-90.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"90","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291045,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259561555_Roman_Visigothic_and_Islamic_evidence_of_earthquakes_recorded_in_the_archaeological_site_of_El_Tolmo_de_Minateda_(Prebetic_Zone_southeast_of_Spain)"}],"otherGeospatial":"Albacete Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -1.88628,38.971483 ], [ -1.88628,39.012916 ], [ -1.834899,39.012916 ], [ -1.834899,38.971483 ], [ -1.88628,38.971483 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a0490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez-Pascua, M.A.","contributorId":36853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Pascua","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abad Casal, L.","contributorId":102809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abad Casal","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perez-Lopez, R.","contributorId":40039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez-Lopez","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gamo Parra, B.","contributorId":9183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamo Parra","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silva, P.G.","contributorId":17158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garduño-Monroy, V.H.","contributorId":65015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garduño-Monroy","given":"V.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giner-Robles, J. L.","contributorId":22602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giner-Robles","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perucha, M.A.","contributorId":33636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perucha","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Israde-Alcántara, I.","contributorId":60422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Israde-Alcántara","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bischoff, J.","contributorId":32730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Calvo, J. P.","contributorId":24136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70124440,"text":"70124440 - 2013 - Climatic correlates of tree mortality in water- and energy-limited forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:01:44","indexId":"70124440","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T15:17:45","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic correlates of tree mortality in water- and energy-limited forests","docAbstract":"Recent increases in tree mortality rates across the western USA are correlated with increasing temperatures, but mechanisms remain unresolved. Specifically, increasing mortality could predominantly be a consequence of temperature-induced increases in either (1) drought stress, or (2) the effectiveness of tree-killing insects and pathogens. Using long-term data from California’s Sierra Nevada mountain range, we found that in water-limited (low-elevation) forests mortality was unambiguously best modeled by climatic water deficit, consistent with the first mechanism. In energy-limited (high-elevation) forests deficit models were only equivocally better than temperature models, suggesting that the second mechanism is increasingly important in these forests. We could not distinguish between models predicting mortality using absolute versus relative changes in water deficit, and these two model types led to different forecasts of mortality vulnerability under future climate scenarios. Our results provide evidence for differing climatic controls of tree mortality in water- and energy-limited forests, while highlighting the need for an improved understanding of tree mortality processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0069917","usgsCitation":"Das, A., Stephenson, N.L., Flint, A., Das, T., and van Mantgem, P.J., 2013, Climatic correlates of tree mortality in water- and energy-limited forests: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 7, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069917.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-030863","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069917","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293773,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069917"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.8865,36.2914 ], [ -119.8865,38.1852 ], [ -118.2348,38.1852 ], [ -118.2348,36.2914 ], [ -119.8865,36.2914 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b99fe4b0239f1986ba1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Das, Adrian J. 0000-0002-3937-2616 adas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-2616","contributorId":3842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"Adrian J.","email":"adas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan","contributorId":58503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Das, Tapash","contributorId":49227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"Tapash","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422 pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":2838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip","email":"pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047220,"text":"70047220 - 2013 - An anti-steroidogenic inhibitory primer pheromone in male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-25T15:30:52","indexId":"70047220","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An anti-steroidogenic inhibitory primer pheromone in male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)","docAbstract":"Reproductive functions can be modulated by both stimulatory and inhibitory primer pheromones released by conspecifics. Many stimulatory primer pheromones have been documented, but relatively few inhibitory primer pheromones have been reported in vertebrates. The sea lamprey male sex pheromone system presents an advantageous model to explore the stimulatory and inhibitory primer pheromone functions in vertebrates since several pheromone components have been identified. We hypothesized that a candidate sex pheromone component, 7&alpha;, 12&alpha;-dihydroxy-5&alpha;-cholan-3-one-24-oic acid (3 keto-allocholic acid or 3kACA), exerts priming effects through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. To test this hypothesis, we measured the peptide concentrations and gene expressions of lamprey gonadotropin releasing hormones (lGnRH) and the HPG output in immature male sea lamprey exposed to waterborne 3kACA. Exposure to waterborne 3kACA altered neuronal activation markers such as jun and jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and lGnRH mRNA levels in the brain. Waterborne 3kACA also increased lGnRH-III, but not lGnRH-I or -II, in the forebrain. In the plasma, 3kACA exposure decreased all three lGnRH peptide concentrations after 1 h exposure. After 2 h exposure, 3kACA increased lGnRHI and -III, but decreased lGnRH-II peptide concentrations in the plasma. Plasma lGnRH peptide concentrations showed differential phasic patterns. Group housing condition appeared to increase the averaged plasma lGnRH levels in male sea lamprey compared to isolated males. Interestingly, 15&alpha;-hydroxyprogesterone (15&alpha;-P) concentrations decreased after prolonged 3kACA exposure (at least 24 h). To our knowledge, this is the only known synthetic vertebrate pheromone component that inhibits steroidogenesis in males.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.04.023","usgsCitation":"Chung-Davidson, Y., Wang, H., Bryan, M.B., Wu, H., Johnson, N.S., and Li, W., 2013, An anti-steroidogenic inhibitory primer pheromone in male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus): General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 189, p. 24-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.04.023.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-044372","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275407,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.04.023"}],"volume":"189","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253e8e4b0279fe2e1bfc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chung-Davidson, Yu-Wen","contributorId":79006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung-Davidson","given":"Yu-Wen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Huiyong","contributorId":79007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Huiyong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryan, Mara B.","contributorId":19863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"Mara","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wu, Hong","contributorId":21443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Hong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70047212,"text":"70047212 - 2013 - Community variations in population exposure to near-field tsunami hazards as a function of pedestrian travel time to safety","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-25T13:55:58","indexId":"70047212","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T13:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Community variations in population exposure to near-field tsunami hazards as a function of pedestrian travel time to safety","docAbstract":"Efforts to characterize population exposure to near-field tsunami threats typically focus on quantifying the number and type of people in tsunami-hazard zones. To develop and prioritize effective risk-reduction strategies, emergency managers also need information on the potential for successful evacuations and how this evacuation potential varies among communities. To improve efforts to properly characterize and differentiate near-field tsunami threats among multiple communities, we assess community variations in population exposure to tsunamis as a function of pedestrian travel time to safety. We focus our efforts on the multiple coastal communities in Grays Harbor and Pacific Counties (State of Washington, USA), where a substantial resident and visitor population is threatened by near-field tsunamis related to a potential Cascadia subduction zone earthquake.  Anisotropic, path-distance modeling is conducted to estimate travel times to safety and results are merged with various population data, including residents, employees, public venues, and dependent-care facilities. Results suggest that there is substantial variability among communities in the number of people that may have insufficient time to evacuate. Successful evacuations may be possible in some communities assuming slow-walking speeds, are plausible in others if travel speeds are increased, and are unlikely in another set of communities given the large distances and short time horizon. Emergency managers can use these results to prioritize the location and determine the most appropriate type of tsunami risk-reduction strategies, such as education and training in areas where evacuations are plausible and vertical-evacuation structures in areas where they are not.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-012-0434-8","usgsCitation":"Wood, N.J., and Schmidtlein, M.C., 2013, Community variations in population exposure to near-field tsunami hazards as a function of pedestrian travel time to safety: Natural Hazards, v. 3, no. 65, p. 1603-1628, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0434-8.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1603","endPage":"1628","numberOfPages":"26","ipdsId":"IP-040129","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275395,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0434-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Grays Harbor County;Pacific County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.429424,46.227375 ], [ -124.429424,47.651399 ], [ -123.35722,47.651399 ], [ -123.35722,46.227375 ], [ -124.429424,46.227375 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"65","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253e9e4b0279fe2e1bfc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidtlein, Mathew C.","contributorId":90999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidtlein","given":"Mathew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047205,"text":"70047205 - 2013 - Appraising options to reduce shallow groundwater tables and enhance flow conditions over regional scales in an irrigated alluvial aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T10:02:14","indexId":"70047205","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T13:08:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appraising options to reduce shallow groundwater tables and enhance flow conditions over regional scales in an irrigated alluvial aquifer system","docAbstract":"Some of the world’s key agricultural production systems face big challenges to both water quantity and quality due to shallow groundwater that results from long-term intensive irrigation, namely waterlogging and salinity, water losses, and environmental problems. This paper focuses on water quantity issues, presenting finite-difference groundwater models developed to describe shallow water table levels, non-beneficial groundwater consumptive use, and return flows to streams across two regions within an irrigated alluvial river valley in southeastern Colorado, USA. The models are calibrated and applied to simulate current baseline conditions in the alluvial aquifer system and to examine actions for potentially improving these conditions. The models provide a detailed description of regional-scale subsurface unsaturated and saturated flow processes, thereby enabling detailed spatiotemporal description of groundwater levels, recharge to infiltration ratios, partitioning of ET originating from the unsaturated and saturated zones, and groundwater flows, among other variables. Hybrid automated and manual calibration of the models is achieved using extensive observations of groundwater hydraulic head, groundwater return flow to streams, aquifer stratigraphy, canal seepage, total evapotranspiration, the portion of evapotranspiration supplied by upflux from the shallow water table, and irrigation flows. Baseline results from the two regional-scale models are compared to model predictions under variations of four alternative management schemes: (1) reduced seepage from earthen canals, (2) reduced irrigation applications, (3) rotational lease fallowing (irrigation water leased to municipalities, resulting in temporary dry-up of fields), and (4) combinations of these. The potential for increasing the average water table depth by up to 1.1 and 0.7 m in the two respective modeled regions, thereby reducing the threat of waterlogging and lowering non-beneficial consumptive use from adjacent fallow and naturally-vegetated lands, is demonstrated for the alternative management intervention scenarios considered. Net annual average savings of up to about 9.9 million m<sup>3</sup> (8000 ac ft) and 2.3 million m<sup>3</sup> (1900 ac ft) of non-beneficial groundwater consumptive use is demonstrated for the study periods in each of the two respective study regions. Alternative water management interventions achieve varying degrees of benefits in each of the two regions, suggesting a need to adopt region-specific interventions and avoid a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach. Impacts of the considered interventions on return flows to the river were predicted to be significant, highlighting the need for flow augmentation to comply with an interstate river compact and portending beneficial impacts on solute loading.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047","usgsCitation":"Morway, E., Gates, T., and Niswonger, R., 2013, Appraising options to reduce shallow groundwater tables and enhance flow conditions over regional scales in an irrigated alluvial aquifer system: Journal of Hydrology, v. 495, p. 216-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-041995","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275386,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Pueblo Reservoir;John Martin Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.2239,37.9317 ], [ -105.2239,38.4631 ], [ -102.7435,38.4631 ], [ -102.7435,37.9317 ], [ -105.2239,37.9317 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"495","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253e8e4b0279fe2e1bfc5","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Morway Eric D., Gates Timothy K., Niswonger Richard G.","journalName":"Journal of Hydrology","publicationDate":"7/2013","auditedOn":"10/29/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morway, Eric D.","contributorId":72276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morway","given":"Eric D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gates, Timothy K.","contributorId":88246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Timothy K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70118067,"text":"70118067 - 2013 - Some thoughts on the factors that controlled prehistoric maize production in the American Southwest with application to southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T12:59:01","indexId":"70118067","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T12:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some thoughts on the factors that controlled prehistoric maize production in the American Southwest with application to southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"In this paper, we present a model of prehistoric southwestern Colorado maize productivity. The model is based on a tree-ring reconstruction of water-year precipitation for Mesa Verde for the period A.D. 480 to 2011. Correlation of historic Mesa Verde precipitation with historic precipitation at 11 other weather stations enabled the construction of an elevation-dependent precipitation function. Prehistoric water-year precipitation values for Mesa Verde together with the elevation-dependent precipitation function allowed construction of the elevation of southwest Colorado precipitation contours for each year since A.D. 480, including the 30-cm contour, which represents the minimum amount of precipitation necessary for the production of maize and the 50-cm contour, which represents the optimum amount of precipitation necessary for the production of maize. In this paper, calculations of prehistoric maize productivity and field life for any specific elevation are also demonstrated. These calculations were performed using organic nitrogen measurements made on seven southwestern Colorado soil groups together with values of reconstructed water-year precipitation and estimations of the organic nitrogen mineralization rate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2013.03.013","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Ramsey, D., Stahle, D., and Petersen, K., 2013, Some thoughts on the factors that controlled prehistoric maize production in the American Southwest with application to southwestern Colorado: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 40, no. 7, p. 2869-2880, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.03.013.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2869","endPage":"2880","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291010,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.03.013"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a0498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsey, D.K.","contributorId":39298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stahle, D.W.","contributorId":88573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahle","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petersen, K.L.","contributorId":60546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118061,"text":"70118061 - 2013 - Dating North America's oldest petroglyphs, Winnemucca Lake subbasin, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T12:36:51","indexId":"70118061","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T11:59:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating North America's oldest petroglyphs, Winnemucca Lake subbasin, Nevada","docAbstract":"On the west side of the Winnemucca Lake subbasin, Nevada, distinctive deeply carved meter-scale petroglyphs are closely spaced, forming panels on boulder-sized surfaces of a partially collapsed tufa mound. The large, complex motifs at this side are formed by deeply carved lines and cupules. A carbonate crust deposited between 10 200 and 9800 calibrated years B.P. (ka) coats petroglyphs at the base of the mound between elevations of 1202 and 1206 m. Petroglyphs above the carbonate crust are carved into a branching form of carbonate that dates to 14.8 ka. Radiocarbon dates on a multiple-layered algal tufa on the east side of the basin, which formed at an elevation of 1205 m, as well as a sediment-core-based total inorganic carbon record for the period 17.0–9.5 ka indicate that water level in the Winnemucca Lake subbasin was constrained by spill over the Emerson Pass Sill (1207 m) for most of the time between 12.9 ± 0.3 and ≥9.2 ka. These and other data indicate that the lake in the Winnemucca Lake subbasin fell beneath its spill point between 14.8 and 13.2 ka and also between 11.3 and 10.5 ka (or between 11.5 and 11.1 ka), exposing the base of the collapsed tufa mound to petroglyph carving. The tufa-based 14C record supports decreased lake levels between 14.8–13.2 ka and 11.3–10.5 ka. Native American artifacts found in the Lahontan Basin date to the latter time interval. This does not rule out the possibility that petroglyph carving occurred between 14.8 and 13.2 ka when Pyramid Lake was relatively shallow and Winnemucca Lake had desiccated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.022","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Hattori, E., Southon, J., and Aleck, B., 2013, Dating North America's oldest petroglyphs, Winnemucca Lake subbasin, Nevada: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 40, no. 12, p. 4466-4476, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.022.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4466","endPage":"4476","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291002,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Winnemucca Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.595742,39.985197 ], [ -119.595742,40.258229 ], [ -119.083505,40.258229 ], [ -119.083505,39.985197 ], [ -119.595742,39.985197 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a049c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Larry V. lbenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Larry","email":"lbenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hattori, E.M.","contributorId":48371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattori","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Southon, J.","contributorId":88922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southon","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aleck, B.","contributorId":100298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleck","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047203,"text":"tm1D5 - 2013 - Optical techniques for the determination of nitrate in environmental waters: Guidelines for instrument selection, operation, deployment, maintenance, quality assurance, and data reporting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-25T09:15:56","indexId":"tm1D5","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1-D5","title":"Optical techniques for the determination of nitrate in environmental waters: Guidelines for instrument selection, operation, deployment, maintenance, quality assurance, and data reporting","docAbstract":"The recent commercial availability of in situ optical sensors, together with new techniques for data collection and analysis, provides the opportunity to monitor a wide range of water-quality constituents on time scales in which environmental conditions actually change. Of particular interest is the application of ultraviolet (UV) photometers for in situ determination of nitrate concentrations in rivers and streams. The variety of UV nitrate sensors currently available differ in several important ways related to instrument design that affect the accuracy of their nitrate concentration measurements in different types of natural waters. This report provides information about selection and use of UV nitrate sensors by the U.S. Geological Survey to facilitate the collection of high-quality data across studies, sites, and instrument types.\n\nFor those in need of technical background and information about sensor selection, this report addresses the operating principles, key features and sensor design, sensor characterization techniques and typical interferences, and approaches for sensor deployment. For those needing information about maintaining sensor performance in the field, key sections in this report address maintenance and calibration protocols, quality-assurance techniques, and data formats and reporting. Although the focus of this report is UV nitrate sensors, many of the principles can be applied to other in situ optical sensors for water-quality studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section D: Water quality in Book 1 <i>Collection of Water Data by Direct Measurement</i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm1D5","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 5 of Section D: Water quality in Book 1 <i>Collection of Water Data by Direct Measurement</i>","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B., Bergamaschi, B., Downing, B.D., Saraceno, J., Garrett, J.D., and Olsen, L., 2013, Optical techniques for the determination of nitrate in environmental waters: Guidelines for instrument selection, operation, deployment, maintenance, quality assurance, and data reporting: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 1-D5, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm1D5.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"48","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm1D5.jpg"},{"id":275369,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d5/"},{"id":275368,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d5/pdf/tm1d5.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253eae4b0279fe2e1bfd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A.","contributorId":58385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":71686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garrett, Jessica D. 0000-0002-4466-3709 jgarrett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-3709","contributorId":4229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Jessica","email":"jgarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70178335,"text":"70178335 - 2013 - Seasonal changes in peatland surface elevation recorded at GPS stations in the Red Lake Peatlands, northern Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T18:05:02.898103","indexId":"70178335","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal changes in peatland surface elevation recorded at GPS stations in the Red Lake Peatlands, northern Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>Northern peatlands appear to hold large volumes of free‐phase gas (e.g., CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>), which has been detected by surface deformations, pore pressure profiles, and electromagnetic surveys. Determining the gas content and its impact in peat is challenging because gas storage depends on both the elastic properties of the peat matrix and the buoyant forces exerted by pore fluids. We therefore used a viscoelastic deformation model to estimate these variables by adjusting model runs to reproduce observed changes in peat surface elevation within a 1300 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;peatland. A local GPS network documented significant changes in surface elevations throughout the year with the greatest vertical displacements associated with rapid changes in peat water content and unloadings due to melting of the winter snowpack. These changes were coherent with changes in water table elevation and also abnormal pore pressure changes measured by nests of instrumented piezometers. The deformation model reproduced these changes when the gas content was adjusted to 10% of peat volume, and Young's modulus was varied between 5 and 100 kPa as the peat profile shifted from tension to compression. In contrast, the model predicted little peat deformation when the gas content was 3% or lower. These model simulations are consistent with previous estimates of gas volume in northern peatlands and suggest an upper limit of gas storage controlled by the elastic moduli of the peat fabric.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JG002404","usgsCitation":"Reeve, A., Glaser, P., and Rosenberry, D.O., 2013, Seasonal changes in peatland surface elevation recorded at GPS stations in the Red Lake Peatlands, northern Minnesota, USA: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 118, no. 4, p. 1616-1626, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002404.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1616","endPage":"1626","ipdsId":"IP-048928","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jg002404","text":"Publisher Index 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P.H.","contributorId":13791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaser","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047183,"text":"70047183 - 2013 - Introduction to the fifth Mars Polar Science special issue: key questions, needed observations, and recommended investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-24T15:14:59","indexId":"70047183","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-24T15:08:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to the fifth Mars Polar Science special issue: key questions, needed observations, and recommended investigations","docAbstract":"The Fifth International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration – which was held from September 12–16, 2011, at the Pike’s Waterfront Lodge in Fairbanks, Alaska – is the latest in a continuing series of meetings that are intended to promote the exchange of knowledge and ideas between planetary and terrestrial scientists interested in Mars polar and climate research (http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/polar2011/polar20113rd.html). The conference was sponsored by the Lunar and Planetary Institute, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA’s Mars Program Office, University of Alaska Fairbanks, International Association of Cryospheric Sciences and the Centre for Research in Earth and Space Sciences at York University.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.005","usgsCitation":"Clifford, S.M., Yoshikawa, K., Byrne, S., Durham, W., Fisher, D., Forget, F., Hecht, M., Smith, P., Tamppari, L., Titus, T., and Zurek, R., 2013, Introduction to the fifth Mars Polar Science special issue: key questions, needed observations, and recommended investigations: Icarus, v. 225, no. 2, p. 864-868, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.005.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"864","endPage":"868","ipdsId":"IP-044534","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275348,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.005"},{"id":275329,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103513001656"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"225","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f0e959e4b04309f4e38cdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clifford, Stephen M.","contributorId":7984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifford","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yoshikawa, Kenji","contributorId":59708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshikawa","given":"Kenji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durham, William","contributorId":81393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, David","contributorId":62108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Forget, Francois","contributorId":21052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forget","given":"Francois","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hecht, Michael","contributorId":82600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecht","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, Peter","contributorId":63853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tamppari, Leslie","contributorId":92951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tamppari","given":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Titus, Timothy","contributorId":49686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zurek, Richard","contributorId":26952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zurek","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70047188,"text":"70047188 - 2013 - Dynamics of mangrove-marsh ecotones in subtropical coastal wetlands: fire, sea-level rise, and water levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-24T14:28:49","indexId":"70047188","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-24T14:23:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of mangrove-marsh ecotones in subtropical coastal wetlands: fire, sea-level rise, and water levels","docAbstract":"Ecotones are areas of sharp environmental gradients between two or more homogeneous vegetation types. They are a dynamic aspect of all landscapes and are also responsive to climate change. Shifts in the position of an ecotone across a landscape can be an indication of a changing environment. In the coastal Everglades of Florida, USA, a dominant ecotone type is that of mangrove forest and marsh. However, there is a variety of plants that can form the marsh component, including sawgrass (Cladium mariscus [L.] Pohl), needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus Scheele), and spikerush (Eleocharis spp.). Environmental factors including water depth, soil type, and occurrence of fires vary across these ecotones, influencing their dynamics. Altered freshwater inflows from upstream and increasing sea level over the past 100 years may have also had an impact. We analyzed a time series of historical aerial photographs for a number of sites in the coastal Everglades and measured change in position of mangrove–marsh ecotones. For three sites, detailed maps were produced and the area of marsh, mangrove, and other habitats was determined for five periods spanning the years 1928 to 2004. Contrary to our initial hypothesis on fire, we found that fire did not prevent mangrove expansion into marsh areas but may in fact assist mangroves to invade some marsh habitats, especially sawgrass. Disparate patterns in mangrove–marsh change were measured at two downstream sites, both of which had multiple fires over from 1948 to 2004. No change in mangrove or marsh area was measured at one site. Mangrove area increased and marsh area decreased at the second of these fire-impacted sites. We measured a significant increase in mangrove area and a decline in marsh area at an upstream site that had little occurrence of fire. At this site, water levels have increased significantly as sea level has risen, and this has probably been a factor in the mangrove expansion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Association for Fire Ecology","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0901066","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.J., Foster, A.M., Tiling-Range, G., and Jones, J., 2013, Dynamics of mangrove-marsh ecotones in subtropical coastal wetlands: fire, sea-level rise, and water levels: Fire Ecology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 66-77, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0901066.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"77","ipdsId":"IP-040254","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0901066","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275338,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0901066"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5183,24.85 ], [ -81.5183,25.8899 ], [ -80.3887,25.8899 ], [ -80.3887,24.85 ], [ -81.5183,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f0e94fe4b04309f4e38cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, Ann M. amfoster@usgs.gov","contributorId":3545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Ann","email":"amfoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tiling-Range, Ginger","contributorId":11914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiling-Range","given":"Ginger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047191,"text":"ds720 - 2013 - EAARL coastal topography and imagery–Western Louisiana, post-Hurricane Rita, 2005: First surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T03:32:02.774678","indexId":"ds720","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-24T13:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"720","title":"EAARL coastal topography and imagery–Western Louisiana, post-Hurricane Rita, 2005: First surface","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced color-infrared (CIR) imagery and elevation measurements of lidar-derived first-surface (FS) topography datasets were produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia.  This project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets of a portion of the Louisiana coastline beachface, acquired post-Hurricane Rita on September 27-28 and October 2, 2005. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative airborne lidar instrument originally developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Wallops Flight Facility, and known as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multispectral color-infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for sub-meter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL platform is a twin-engine Cessna 310 aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft. A single pilot, a lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys.  Elevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight-line definition, flight-path plotting, lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or sub-aerial topography. Specialized filtering algorithms have been implemented to determine the \"bare earth\" under vegetation from a point cloud of last return elevations.    For more information about similar projects, please visit the <a href=\"http://ngom.usgs.gov/dsp/index.php\" target=\"_blank\">Lidar for Science and Resource Management</a> Website.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds720","usgsCitation":"Bonisteel-Cormier, J.M., Wright, W.C., Fredericks, X., Klipp, E.S., Nagle, D., Sallenger, A., and Brock, J., 2013, EAARL coastal topography and imagery–Western Louisiana, post-Hurricane Rita, 2005: First surface: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 720, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds720.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275345,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/720/title.html"},{"id":275343,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/720/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.00837692113316,\n              30.239834373180088\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.00837692113316,\n              29.170414182419464\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.68628733181568,\n              29.170414182419464\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.68628733181568,\n              30.239834373180088\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.00837692113316,\n              30.239834373180088\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f0e959e4b04309f4e38cdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonisteel-Cormier, Jamie M.","contributorId":18085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonisteel-Cormier","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Wayne C.","contributorId":6747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredericks, Xan 0000-0001-7186-6555 afredericks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-6555","contributorId":2972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredericks","given":"Xan","email":"afredericks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klipp, Emily S. eklipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klipp","given":"Emily","email":"eklipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagle, Doug B.","contributorId":34802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"Doug B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury H. Jr.","contributorId":27458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70047187,"text":"ofr20131161 - 2013 - Thermokarst and thaw-related landscape dynamics -- an annotated bibliography with an emphasis on potential effects on habitat and wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:51:46","indexId":"ofr20131161","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-24T09:52:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1161","title":"Thermokarst and thaw-related landscape dynamics -- an annotated bibliography with an emphasis on potential effects on habitat and wildlife","docAbstract":"Permafrost has warmed throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere since the 1980s, with colder permafrost sites warming more rapidly (Romanovsky and others, 2010; Smith and others, 2010). Warming of the near-surface permafrost may lead to widespread terrain instability in ice-rich permafrost in the Arctic and the Subarctic, and may result in thermokarst development and other thaw-related landscape features (Jorgenson and others, 2006; Gooseff and others, 2009). Thermokarst and other thaw-related landscape features result from varying modes and scales of permafrost thaw, subsidence, and removal of material. An increase in active-layer depth, water accumulation on the soil surface, permafrost degradation and associated retreat of the permafrost table, and changes to lake shores and coastal bluffs act and interact to create thermokarst and other thaw-related landscape features (Shur and Osterkamp, 2007). There is increasing interest in the spatial and temporal dynamics of thermokarst and other thaw-related features from diverse disciplines including landscape ecology, hydrology, engineering, and biogeochemistry. Therefore, there is a need to synthesize and disseminate knowledge on the current state of near-surface permafrost terrain.\n\nThe term \"thermokarst\" originated in the Russian literature, and its scientific use has varied substantially over time (Shur and Osterkamp, 2007). The modern definition of thermokarst refers to the process by which characteristic landforms result from the thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ice (van Everdingen, 1998), or, more specifically, the thawing of ice-rich permafrost and (or) melting of massive ice that result in consolidation and deformation of the soil surface and formation of specific forms of relief (Shur, 1988). Jorgenson (2013) identifies 23 distinct thermokarst and other thaw-related features in the Arctic, Subarctic, and Antarctic based primarily on differences in terrain condition, ground-ice volume, and heat and mass transfer processes. Typical Arctic thermokarst landforms include thermokarst lakes, collapsed pingos, sinkholes, and pits. Thermokarst is differentiated from thermal erosion, which refers to the erosion of the land surface by thermal and mechanical processes (Mackay, 1970; van Everdingen, 1998). Typical thermal erosional features include thermo-erosional gullies. Thermal abrasion is further differentiated from thermokarst and thermal erosion by association with the reworking of ocean, river, and lake bluffs (Are, 1988). Typical thermo-abrasion features include erosional niches at the base of bluffs. Thermal denudation is another distinct term that refers to the effect of incoming solar energy on the thaw of frozen slopes and permafrost bodies that subsequently become transported downhill by gravity (Shur and Osterkamp, 2007). Active layer detachment slides and thaw slumps are typical thermal denudation features. Shur and Osterkamp (2007) noted that these various transport processes may occur together with thermokarst or in instances that would not be considered thermokarst.\n\nThis compilation of references regarding thermokarst and other thaw-related features is focused on the Arctic and the Subarctic. References were drawn from North America as well as Siberia. English-language literature mostly was targeted, with 167 references annotated in version 1.0; however, an additional 28 Russian-language references were taken from Shur and Osterkamp (2007) and are provided at the end of this document. This compilation may be missing key references and inevitably will become outdated soon after publication. We hope that this document, version 1.0, will serve as the foundation for a comprehensive compilation of thermokarst and permafrost-terrain stability references, and that it will be updated continually over the coming years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131161","collaboration":"Compiled for the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Amundson, C.L., Koch, J.C., and Grosse, G., 2013, Thermokarst and thaw-related landscape dynamics -- an annotated bibliography with an emphasis on potential effects on habitat and wildlife: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1161, iv, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131161.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131161.bmp"},{"id":275340,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1161/"},{"id":275339,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1161/pdf/ofr20131161.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f0e95de4b04309f4e38cfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amundson, Courtney L. 0000-0002-0166-7224 camundson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-7224","contributorId":4833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Courtney","email":"camundson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047186,"text":"ofr20131151 - 2013 - Quality-assurance plan for groundwater activities, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-24T09:48:45","indexId":"ofr20131151","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-24T09:25:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1151","title":"Quality-assurance plan for groundwater activities, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center","docAbstract":"This report documents the standard procedures, policies, and field methods used by the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Washington Water Science Center staff for activities related to the collection, processing, analysis, storage, and publication of groundwater data. This groundwater quality-assurance plan changes through time to accommodate new methods and requirements developed by the Washington Water Science Center and the USGS Office of Groundwater. The plan is based largely on requirements and guidelines provided by the USGS Office of Groundwater, or the USGS Water Mission Area. Regular updates to this plan represent an integral part of the quality-assurance process. Because numerous policy memoranda have been issued by the Office of Groundwater since the previous groundwater quality assurance plan was written, this report is a substantial revision of the previous report, supplants it, and contains significant additional policies not covered in the previous report.\n\nThis updated plan includes information related to the organization and responsibilities of USGS Washington Water Science Center staff, training, safety, project proposal development, project review procedures, data collection activities, data processing activities, report review procedures, and archiving of field data and interpretative information pertaining to groundwater flow models, borehole aquifer tests, and aquifer tests. Important updates from the previous groundwater quality assurance plan include: (1) procedures for documenting and archiving of groundwater flow models; (2) revisions to procedures and policies for the creation of sites in the Groundwater Site Inventory database; (3) adoption of new water-level forms to be used within the USGS Washington Water Science Center; (4) procedures for future creation of borehole geophysics, surface geophysics, and aquifer-test archives; and (5) use of the USGS Multi Optional Network Key Entry System software for entry of routine water-level data collected as part of long-term water-level monitoring networks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131151","usgsCitation":"Kozar, M.D., and Kahle, S.C., 2013, Quality-assurance plan for groundwater activities, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1151, iv, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131151.","productDescription":"iv, 88 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131151.bmp"},{"id":275335,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1151/pdf/ofr20131151.pdf"},{"id":275336,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1151/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f0e95de4b04309f4e38cf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kahle, Sue C. 0000-0003-1262-4446 sckahle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-4446","contributorId":3096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"Sue","email":"sckahle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047164,"text":"ofr20131127 - 2013 - Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T08:57:18","indexId":"ofr20131127","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-23T11:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1127","title":"Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2011","docAbstract":"<p>Streamflow and concentrations of sodium and chloride estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate loads of sodium and chloride during water year (WY) 2011 (October 1, 2010, to September 30, 2011), for tributaries to the Scituate Reservoir, Rhode Island. Streamflow and water-quality data used in the study were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the Providence Water Supply Board (PWSB). Streamflow was measured or estimated by the USGS following standard methods at 23 streamgages; 14 of these streamgages were also equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring water level, specific conductance, and water temperature. Water-quality samples also were collected at 37 sampling stations by the PWSB and at 14 continuous-record streamgages by the USGS during WY 2011 as part of a long-term sampling program; all stations were in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Water-quality data collected by PWSB are summarized by using values of central tendency and are used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2011.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the USGS) contributed a mean streamflow of about 37 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s) to the reservoir during WY 2011. For the same time period, annual mean<sup>1</sup> streamflows measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.5 to about 21 ft<sup>3</sup>/s. Together, tributaries (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 1,600,000 kg (kilograms) of sodium and 2,600,000 kg of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2011; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 9,800 to 53,000 kilograms per square mile (kg/mi<sup>2</sup>) and from 15,000 to 90,000 kg/mi<sup>2</sup>, respectively.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>At the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the PWSB, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 20.0 milligrams per liter (mg/L), median nitrite concentration was 0.002 mg/L as nitrogen (N), median nitrate concentration was 0.01 mg/L as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.07 mg/L as phosphorus, and median concentrations of total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria were 33 and 23 colony forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100mL), respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total coliform and E. coli bacteria were 230 kilograms per day (kg/d) (80 kilograms per day per square mile (kg/d/mi<sup>2</sup>)); 10 grams per day (g/d) (6.3 grams per day per square mile (g/d/mi<sup>2</sup>)); 110 g/d (29 g/d/mi<sup>2</sup>); 610 g/d (270 g/d/mi<sup>2</sup>); 4,600 million colony forming units per day (CFUx10<sup>6</sup>/d) (2,500 CFUx10<sup>6</sup>/d/mi<sup>2</sup>); and 1,800 CFUx10<sup>6</sup>/d (810 CFUx10<sup>6</sup>/d/mi<sup>2</sup>), respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., 2013, Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2011 (First posted July 23, 2013; Revised and reposted July 14, 2014, version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1127, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131127.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-09-30","temporalEnd":"2011-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131127.jpg"},{"id":275279,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1127/"},{"id":275280,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1127/pdf/ofr2013-1127.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Scituate Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.0,41.5 ], [ -72.0,42.0 ], [ -71.5,42.0 ], [ -71.5,41.5 ], [ -72.0,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"First posted July 23, 2013; Revised and reposted July 14, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ef97d9e4b0b09fbe58f16d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047210,"text":"70047210 - 2013 - Modeling variably saturated multispecies reactive groundwater solute transport with MODFLOW-UZF and RT3D","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-23T11:50:26","indexId":"70047210","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-23T11:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling variably saturated multispecies reactive groundwater solute transport with MODFLOW-UZF and RT3D","docAbstract":"A numerical model was developed that is capable of simulating multispecies reactive solute transport in variably saturated porous media. This model consists of a modified version of the reactive transport model RT3D (Reactive Transport in 3 Dimensions) that is linked to the Unsaturated-Zone Flow (UZF1) package and MODFLOW. Referred to as UZF-RT3D, the model is tested against published analytical benchmarks as well as other published contaminant transport models, including HYDRUS-1D, VS2DT, and SUTRA, and the coupled flow and transport modeling system of CATHY and TRAN3D. Comparisons in one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional variably saturated systems are explored. While several test cases are included to verify the correct implementation of variably saturated transport in UZF-RT3D, other cases are included to demonstrate the usefulness of the code in terms of model run-time and handling the reaction kinetics of multiple interacting species in variably saturated subsurface systems. As UZF1 relies on a kinematic-wave approximation for unsaturated flow that neglects the diffusive terms in Richards equation, UZF-RT3D can be used for large-scale aquifer systems for which the UZF1 formulation is reasonable, that is, capillary-pressure gradients can be neglected and soil parameters can be treated as homogeneous. Decreased model run-time and the ability to include site-specific chemical species and chemical reactions make UZF-RT3D an attractive model for efficient simulation of multispecies reactive transport in variably saturated large-scale subsurface systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01009.x","usgsCitation":"Bailey, R., Morway, E., Niswonger, R., and Gates, T., 2013, Modeling variably saturated multispecies reactive groundwater solute transport with MODFLOW-UZF and RT3D: Ground Water, v. 51, no. 5, p. 752-761, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01009.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"752","endPage":"761","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-041600","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275393,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01009.x"}],"volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5be4b0a32220222f1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Ryan T.","contributorId":105986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Ryan T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morway, Eric D.","contributorId":72276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morway","given":"Eric D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gates, Timothy K.","contributorId":88246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Timothy K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046061,"text":"70046061 - 2013 - Predicting the likelihood of altered streamflows at ungauged rivers across the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-23T09:48:25","indexId":"70046061","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-23T09:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the likelihood of altered streamflows at ungauged rivers across the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"An approach is presented in this study to aid water-resource managers in characterizing streamflow alteration at ungauged rivers. Such approaches can be used to take advantage of the substantial amounts of biological data collected at ungauged rivers to evaluate the potential ecological consequences of altered streamflows. National-scale random forest statistical models are developed to predict the likelihood that ungauged rivers have altered streamflows (relative to expected natural condition) for five hydrologic metrics (HMs) representing different aspects of the streamflow regime. The models use human disturbance variables, such as number of dams and road density, to predict the likelihood of streamflow alteration. For each HM, separate models are derived to predict the likelihood that the observed metric is greater than (‘inflated’) or less than (‘diminished’) natural conditions. The utility of these models is demonstrated by applying them to all river segments in the South Platte River in Colorado, USA, and for all 10-digit hydrologic units in the conterminous United States. In general, the models successfully predicted the likelihood of alteration to the five HMs at the national scale as well as in the South Platte River basin. However, the models predicting the likelihood of diminished HMs consistently outperformed models predicting inflated HMs, possibly because of fewer sites across the conterminous United States where HMs are inflated. The results of these analyses suggest that the primary predictors of altered streamflow regimes across the Nation are (i) the residence time of annual runoff held in storage in reservoirs, (ii) the degree of urbanization measured by road density and (iii) the extent of agricultural land cover in the river basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2565","usgsCitation":"Eng, K., Carlisle, D.M., Wolock, D.M., and Falcone, J.A., 2013, Predicting the likelihood of altered streamflows at ungauged rivers across the conterminous United States: River Research and Applications, v. 29, no. 6, p. 781-791, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2565.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"791","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-034661","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275267,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2565"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.14,25.89 ], [ -125.14,49.11 ], [ -66.95,49.11 ], [ -66.95,25.89 ], [ -125.14,25.89 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ef97d8e4b0b09fbe58f161","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eng, Ken 0000-0001-6838-5849 keng@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-5849","contributorId":3580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eng","given":"Ken","email":"keng@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falcone, James A. 0000-0001-7202-3592 jfalcone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7202-3592","contributorId":614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"James","email":"jfalcone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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