In 2011, a large magnitude flow release from Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming and Utah, occurred in response to high snowpack in the middle Rocky Mountains. This was the third highest recorded discharge along the Green River downstream of Flaming Gorge Dam, Utah, since its initial closure in November 1962 and motivated a research effort to document effects of these flows on channel morphology and sedimentology at four long-term monitoring sites within the Canyon of Lodore in Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado and Utah. Data collected in September 2011 included raft-based bathymetric surveys, ground-based surveys of banks, channel cross sections and vegetation-plot locations, sand-bar stratigraphy, and painted rock recovery on gravel bars. As part of this surveying effort, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data were collected at benchmarks on the canyon rim and along the river corridor to establish a high-resolution survey control network. This survey control network allows for the collection of repeatable spatial and elevation data necessary for high accuracy geomorphic change detection. Nearly 10,000 ground survey points and more than 20,000 bathymetric points (at 1-meter resolution) were collected over a 5-day field campaign, allowing for the construction of reach-scale digital elevation models (DEMs). Additionally, we evaluated long-term geomorphic change at these sites using repeat topographic surveys of eight monumented cross sections at each of the four sites.
\nAnalysis of DEMs and channel cross sections show a spatially variable pattern of erosion and deposition, both within and between reaches. As much as 5 meters of scour occurred in pools downstream from flow constrictions, especially in channel segments where gravel bars were absent. By contrast, some channel cross sections were stable during the 2011 floods, and have shown almost no change in over a decade of monitoring. Partial mobility of gravel bars occurred, and although in some locations vegetation such as tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) was damaged, wholesale bed motion necessary to fully clear these surfaces was not evident. In flow recirculation zones, eddy sandbars aggraded one meter or more, increasing the area of bars exposed during typical dam operations. Yet overall, the 2011 flood resulted in a decrease in reach-scale sand storage because bed degradation exceeded bar deposition. The 2011 response is consistent with that of a similar event in 1999, which was followed by sand-bar erosion and sediment accumulation on the bed during subsequent years of normal dam operational flows. Although the 1999 and 2011 floods were exceptional in the post-dam system, they did not exceed the pre-dam 2-year flood, isolating their effects to the modern active channel with minor erosion or reworking of pre-dam deposits stabilized through vegetation encroachment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145022","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Utah State University and Northern Arizona University","usgsCitation":"Mueller, E.R., Grams, P.E., Schmidt, J.C., Hazel, J., Kaplinski, M., Alexander, J.A., and Kohl, K., 2014, Monitoring and research to describe geomorphic effects of the 2011 controlled flood on the Green River in the Canyon of Lodore, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5022, Report: vii, 66 p.; Appendix table 2.1; Digital products, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145022.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 66 p.; Appendix table 2.1; Digital products","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042269","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285209,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/downloads/sir2014-5022/"},{"id":285207,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5022/pdf/sir2014-5022.pdf"},{"id":285208,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5022/downloads/sir2014-5022_appendix2-1.xlsx"},{"id":285210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145022.jpg"},{"id":285206,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5022/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Canyon Of Lodore;Dinosaur National Monument;Flaming Gorge Reservoir;Green River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.600243,40.449943 ], [ -109.600243,41.002142 ], [ -108.666903,41.002142 ], [ -108.666903,40.449943 ], [ -109.600243,40.449943 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517056e4b05569d805a337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Erich R. 0000-0001-8202-154X emueller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-154X","contributorId":4930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Erich","email":"emueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":91819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":65817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alexander, Jason A.","contributorId":18270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kohl, Keith 0000-0001-6812-0373 kkohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-0373","contributorId":1323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohl","given":"Keith","email":"kkohl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70159714,"text":"70159714 - 2014 - Climate change impacts on the temperature and magnitude of groundwater discharge from shallow, unconfined aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-18T10:51:03","indexId":"70159714","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change impacts on the temperature and magnitude of groundwater discharge from shallow, unconfined aquifers","docAbstract":"Cold groundwater discharge to streams and rivers can provide critical thermal refuge for threatened salmonids and other aquatic species during warm summer periods. Climate change may influence groundwater temperature and flow rates, which may in turn impact riverine ecosystems. This study evaluates the potential impact of climate change on the timing, magnitude, and temperature of groundwater discharge from small, unconfined aquifers that undergo seasonal freezing and thawing. Seven downscaled climate scenarios for 2046–2065 were utilized to drive surficial water and energy balance models (HELP3 and ForHyM2) to obtain future projections for daily ground surface temperature and groundwater recharge. These future surface conditions were then applied as boundary conditions to drive subsurface simulations of variably saturated groundwater flow and energy transport. The subsurface simulations were performed with the U.S. Geological Survey finite element model SUTRA that was recently modified to include the dynamic freeze-thaw process. The SUTRA simulations indicate a potential rise in the magnitude (up to 34%) and temperature (up to 3.6°C) of groundwater discharge to the adjacent river during the summer months due to projected increases in air temperature and precipitation. The thermal response of groundwater to climate change is shown to be strongly dependent on the aquifer dimensions. Thus, the simulations demonstrate that the thermal sensitivity of aquifers and baseflow-dominated streams to decadal climate change may be more complex than previously thought. Furthermore, the results indicate that the probability of exceeding critical temperature thresholds within groundwater-sourced thermal refugia may significantly increase under the most extreme climate scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014588","usgsCitation":"Kurylyk, B.L., MacQuarrie, K.T., and Voss, C.I., 2014, Climate change impacts on the temperature and magnitude of groundwater discharge from shallow, unconfined aquifers: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 4, p. 3253-3274, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014588.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"3253","endPage":"3274","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053810","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf45e4b0112df6c62df2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurylyk, Barret L.","contributorId":78262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurylyk","given":"Barret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacQuarrie, Kerry T.B","contributorId":149960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacQuarrie","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"T.B","affiliations":[{"id":17865,"text":"Dept of Civil Engineering & Canadian Rivers Inst. Univ of New Brunswick","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148120,"text":"70148120 - 2014 - Guidelines for a priori grouping of species in hierarchical community models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T10:40:16","indexId":"70148120","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Guidelines for a priori grouping of species in hierarchical community models","docAbstract":"Recent methodological advances permit the estimation of species richness and occurrences for rare species by linking species-level occurrence models at the community level. The value of such methods is underscored by the ability to examine the influence of landscape heterogeneity on species assemblages at large spatial scales. A salient advantage of community-level approaches is that parameter estimates for data-poor species are more precise as the estimation process borrows from data-rich species. However, this analytical benefit raises a question about the degree to which inferences are dependent on the implicit assumption of relatedness among species. Here, we assess the sensitivity of community/group-level metrics, and individual-level species inferences given various classification schemes for grouping species assemblages using multispecies occurrence models. We explore the implications of these groupings on parameter estimates for avian communities in two ecosystems: tropical forests in Puerto Rico and temperate forests in northeastern United States. We report on the classification performance and extent of variability in occurrence probabilities and species richness estimates that can be observed depending on the classification scheme used. We found estimates of species richness to be most precise and to have the best predictive performance when all of the data were grouped at a single community level. Community/group-level parameters appear to be heavily influenced by the grouping criteria, but were not driven strictly by total number of detections for species. We found different grouping schemes can provide an opportunity to identify unique assemblage responses that would not have been found if all of the species were analyzed together. We suggest three guidelines: (1) classification schemes should be determined based on study objectives; (2) model selection should be used to quantitatively compare different classification approaches; and (3) sensitivity of results to different classification approaches should be assessed. These guidelines should help researchers apply hierarchical community models in the most effective manner.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub. Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1002/ece3.976","usgsCitation":"Pacifici, K., Zipkin, E., Collazo, J., Irizarry, J.I., and DeWan, A.A., 2014, Guidelines for a priori grouping of species in hierarchical community models: Ecology and Evolution, v. 4, no. 7, p. 877-888, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.976.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"888","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049249","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.976","text":"External Repository"},{"id":301009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55702539e4b0d9246a9fd1a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pacifici, Krishna","contributorId":26564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pacifici","given":"Krishna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zipkin, Elise ezipkin@usgs.gov","contributorId":470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise","email":"ezipkin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":548139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irizarry, Julissa I.","contributorId":141056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irizarry","given":"Julissa","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeWan, Amielle A.","contributorId":24486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWan","given":"Amielle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70100423,"text":"70100423 - 2014 - Ecotypic variation in recruitment of reintroduced bighorn sheep: implications for translocation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:52:45","indexId":"70100423","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T11:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecotypic variation in recruitment of reintroduced bighorn sheep: implications for translocation","docAbstract":"European settlement led to extirpation of native Audubon's bighorn sheep (formerly Ovis canadensis auduboni) from North Dakota during the early 20th century. The North Dakota Game and Fish Department subsequently introduced California bighorn sheep (formerly O. c. californiana) that were indigenous to the Williams Lake region of British Columbia, Canada, and Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (O. c. canadensis) that were indigenous to the Sun River region of Montana. Although California bighorn sheep are no longer recognized as a distinct subspecies, they are smaller and adapted to a milder climate than either the native bighorn sheep of North Dakota or introduced bighorn sheep from Montana. Because reintroductions still play a key role in the management of bighorn sheep and because local adaptation may have substantial demographic consequences, we evaluated causes of variation in recruitment of bighorn sheep reintroduced in North Dakota. During 2006–2011, Montana stock recruited 0.54 juveniles/adult female (n = 113), whereas British Columbia stock recruited 0.24 juveniles/adult female (n = 562). Our most plausible mixed-effects logistic regression model (53% of model weight) attributed variation in recruitment to differences between source populations (odds ratio = 4.5; 90% CI = 1.5, 15.3). Greater recruitment of Montana stock (fitted mean = 0.56 juveniles/adult female; 90% CI = 0.41, 0.70) contributed to a net gain in abundance (r = 0.15), whereas abundance of British Columbia stock declined (fitted mean = 0.24 juveniles/adult female; 90% CI = 0.09, 0.41; r = − 0.04). Translocations have been the primary tool used to augment and restore populations of wild sheep but often have failed to achieve objectives. Our results show that ecotypic differences among source stocks may have long-term implications for recruitment and demographic performance of reintroduced populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.669","usgsCitation":"Wiedmann, B., and Sargeant, G.A., 2014, Ecotypic variation in recruitment of reintroduced bighorn sheep: implications for translocation: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 3, p. 394-401, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.669.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"401","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-045061","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.669","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":285195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285190,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.669"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -126.08,38.79 ], [ -126.08,53.28 ], [ -91.98,53.28 ], [ -91.98,38.79 ], [ -126.08,38.79 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517035e4b05569d805a1de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiedmann, Brett P.","contributorId":66174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiedmann","given":"Brett P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargeant, Glen A. 0000-0003-3845-8503 gsargeant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-8503","contributorId":1301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"Glen","email":"gsargeant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70100421,"text":"70100421 - 2014 - A 17-year record of environmental tracers in spring discharge, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: use of climatic data and environmental conditions to interpret discharge, dissolved solutes, and tracer concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:11:32","indexId":"70100421","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T11:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 17-year record of environmental tracers in spring discharge, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: use of climatic data and environmental conditions to interpret discharge, dissolved solutes, and tracer concentrations","docAbstract":"A 17-year record (1995–2012) of a suite of environmental tracer concentrations in discharge from 34 springs located along the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Shenandoah National Park (SNP), Virginia, USA, reveals patterns and trends that can be related to climatic and environmental conditions. These data include a 12-year time series of monthly sampling at five springs, with measurements of temperature, specific conductance, pH, and discharge recorded at 30-min intervals. The monthly measurements include age tracers (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-13, SF6, and SF5CF3), dissolved gases (N2, O2, Ar, CO2, and CH4), stable isotopes of water, and major and trace inorganic constituents. The chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) concentrations (in pptv) in spring discharge closely follow the concurrent monthly measurements of their atmospheric mixing ratios measured at the Air Monitoring Station at Big Meadows, SNP, indicating waters 0–3 years in age. A 2-year (2001–2003) record of unsaturated zone air displayed seasonal deviations from North American Air of ±10 % for CFC-11 and CFC-113, with excess CFC-11 and CFC-113 in peak summer and depletion in peak winter. The pattern in unsaturated zone soil CFCs is a function of gas solubility in soil water and seasonal unsaturated zone temperatures. Using the increase in the SF6 atmospheric mixing ratio, the apparent (piston flow) SF6 age of the water varied seasonally between about 0 (modern) in January and up to 3 years in July–August. The SF6 concentration and concentrations of dissolved solutes (SiO2, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl−, and HCO3−) in spring discharge demonstrate a fraction of recent recharge following large precipitation events. The output of solutes in the discharge of springs minus the input from atmospheric deposition per hectare of watershed area (mol ha−1 a−1) were approximately twofold greater in watersheds draining the regolith of Catoctin metabasalts than that of granitic gneisses and granitoid crystalline rocks. The stable isotopic composition of water in spring discharge broadly correlates with the Oceanic Niño Index. Below normal precipitation and enriched stable isotopic composition were observed during El Niño years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10498-013-9202-y","usgsCitation":"Busenberg, E., and Plummer, N., 2014, A 17-year record of environmental tracers in spring discharge, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: use of climatic data and environmental conditions to interpret discharge, dissolved solutes, and tracer concentrations: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 2-3, p. 267-290, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-013-9202-y.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"24","ipdsId":"IP-044836","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285189,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10498-013-9202-y"},{"id":285191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.1015,37.8742 ], [ -79.1015,39.0556 ], [ -78.0457,39.0556 ], [ -78.0457,37.8742 ], [ -79.1015,37.8742 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53516eb2e4b05569d8059d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148398,"text":"70148398 - 2014 - Animal reintroductions: an innovative assessment of survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T10:01:23","indexId":"70148398","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Animal reintroductions: an innovative assessment of survival","docAbstract":"Quantitative evaluations of reintroductions are infrequent and assessments of milestones reached before a project is completed, or abandoned due to lack of funding, are rare. However, such assessments, which are promoted in adaptive management frameworks, are critical. Quantification can provide defensible estimates of biological success, such as the number of survivors from a released cohort, with associated cost per animal. It is unlikely that the global issues of endangered wildlife and population declines will abate, therefore, assurance colonies and reintroductions are likely to become more common. If such endeavors are to be successful biologically or achieve adequate funding, implementation must be more rigorous and accountable. We use a novel application of a multistate, robust design capture-recapture model to estimate survival of reintroduced tadpoles through metamorphosis (i.e., the number of individuals emerging from the pond) and thereby provide a quantitative measure of effort and success for an \"in progress\" reintroduction of toads. Our data also suggest that tadpoles released at later developmental stages have an increased probability of survival and that eggs laid in the wild hatched at higher rates than eggs laid by captive toads. We illustrate how an interim assessment can identify problems, highlight successes, and provide information for use in adjusting the effort or implementing a Decision-Theoretic adaptive management strategy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Kidlington, Oxford","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2014.02.034","usgsCitation":"Muths, E.L., Bailey, L., and Watry, M.K., 2014, Animal reintroductions: an innovative assessment of survival: Biological Conservation, v. 172, p. 200-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.02.034.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052357","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"556ed3b5e4b0d9246a9fa7c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watry, Mary Kay","contributorId":141021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watry","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Kay","affiliations":[{"id":7237,"text":"NPS, Olympic National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047332,"text":"70047332 - 2014 - Reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and wastewater indicators in streambed sediments of the lower Columbia River basin, Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:07:35","indexId":"70047332","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and wastewater indicators in streambed sediments of the lower Columbia River basin, Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"One by-product of advances in modern chemistry is the accumulation of synthetic chemicals in the natural environment. These compounds include contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), some of which are endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) that can have detrimental reproductive effects. The role of sediments in accumulating these types of chemicals and acting as a source of exposure for aquatic organisms is not well understood. Here we present a small-scale reconnaissance of CECs in bed sediments of the lower Columbia River and several tributaries and urban streams. Surficial bed sediment samples were collected from the Columbia River, the Willamette River, the Tualatin River, and several small urban creeks in Oregon. Thirty-nine compounds were detected at concentrations ranging from <1 to >1,000 ng [g sediment]-1 dry weight basis. Columbia River mainstem, suggesting a higher risk of exposure to aquatic life in lower order streams. Ten known or suspected EDCs were detected during the study. At least one EDC was detected at 21 of 23 sites sampled; several EDCs were detected in sediment from most sites. This study is the first to document the occurrence of a large suite of CECs in the sediments of the Columbia River basin. A better understanding of the role of sediment in the fate and effects of emerging contaminants is needed.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12161","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, E., Furlong, E.T., and Rosenbauer, R., 2014, Reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and wastewater indicators in streambed sediments of the lower Columbia River basin, Oregon and Washington: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 2, p. 291-301, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12161.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"301","ipdsId":"IP-046284","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/64g1j3sh","text":"External Repository"},{"id":287160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287159,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12161"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53749074e4b0870f4d23cfdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, Elena","contributorId":16758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert","contributorId":9551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148669,"text":"70148669 - 2014 - A capture-recapture model of amphidromous fish dispersal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T09:27:39","indexId":"70148669","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A capture-recapture model of amphidromous fish dispersal","docAbstract":"Adult movement scale was quantified for two tropical Caribbean diadromous fishes, bigmouth sleeper Gobiomorus dormitor and mountain mullet Agonostomus monticola, using passive integrated transponders (PITs) and radio-telemetry. Large numbers of fishes were tagged in Rio Mameyes, Puerto Rico, U.S.A., with PITs and monitored at three fixed locations over a 2-5 year period to estimate transition probabilities between upper and lower elevations and survival probabilities with a multistate Cormack-Jolly-Seber model. A sub-set of fishes were tagged with radio-transmitters and tracked at weekly intervals to estimate fine-scale dispersal. Changes in spatial and temporal distributions of tagged fishes indicated that neither G. dormitor nor A. monticola moved into the lowest, estuarine reaches of Rio Mameyes during two consecutive reproductive periods, thus demonstrating that both species follow an amphidromous, rather than catadromous, migratory strategy. Further, both species were relatively sedentary, with restricted linear ranges. While substantial dispersal of these species occurs at the larval stage during recruitment to fresh water, the results indicate minimal dispersal in spawning adults. Successful conservation of diadromous fauna on tropical islands requires management at both broad basin and localized spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Fisheries Society of the British Isles","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1111/jfb.12316","collaboration":"Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Fund; North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Smith, W., and Kwak, T.J., 2014, A capture-recapture model of amphidromous fish dispersal: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 84, no. 4, p. 897-912, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12316.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"897","endPage":"912","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052656","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d2ee4b023124e8f5ae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, W.","contributorId":34258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70101272,"text":"70101272 - 2014 - Small reservoir distribution, rate of construction, and uses in the upper and middle Chattahoochee basins of the Georgia Piedmont, USA, 1950-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:02:05","indexId":"70101272","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:24:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1957,"text":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-information","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small reservoir distribution, rate of construction, and uses in the upper and middle Chattahoochee basins of the Georgia Piedmont, USA, 1950-2010","docAbstract":"Construction of small reservoirs affects ecosystem processes in numerous ways including fragmenting stream habitat, altering hydrology, and modifying water chemistry. While the upper and middle Chattahoochee River basins within the Southeastern United States Piedmont contain few natural lakes, they have a high density of small reservoirs (more than 7500 small reservoirs in the nearly 12,000 km2 basin). Policymakers and water managers in the region have little information about small reservoir distribution, uses, or the cumulative inundation of land cover caused by small reservoir construction. Examination of aerial photography reveals the spatiotemporal patterns and extent of small reservoir construction from 1950 to 2010. Over that 60 year timeframe, the area inundated by water increased nearly six fold (from 19 reservoirs covering 0.16% of the study area in 1950 to 329 reservoirs covering 0.95% of the study area in 2010). While agricultural practices were associated with reservoir creation from 1950 to 1970, the highest rates of reservoir construction occurred during subsequent suburban development between 1980 and 1990. Land cover adjacent to individual reservoirs transitioned over time through agricultural abandonment, land reforestation, and conversion to development during suburban expansion. The prolific rate of ongoing small reservoir creation, particularly in newly urbanizing regions and developing counties, necessitates additional attention from watershed managers and continued scientific research into cumulative environmental impacts at the watershed scale.","language":"English","publisher":"International Journal of Geo-Information","doi":"10.3390/ijgi3020460","usgsCitation":"Ignatius, A.R., and Jones, J., 2014, Small reservoir distribution, rate of construction, and uses in the upper and middle Chattahoochee basins of the Georgia Piedmont, USA, 1950-2010: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-information, v. 3, no. 2, p. 460-480, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi3020460.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"480","ipdsId":"IP-041039","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi3020460","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River Basin, Georgia Piedmont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.599022,33.757124 ], [ -84.599022,34.987592 ], [ -82.965826,34.987592 ], [ -82.965826,33.757124 ], [ -84.599022,33.757124 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517063e4b05569d805a3bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ignatius, Amber R. arignatius@usgs.gov","contributorId":3817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignatius","given":"Amber","email":"arignatius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70126220,"text":"70126220 - 2014 - Ghost of habitat past: historic habitat affects the contemporary distribution of giant garter snakes in a modified landscape.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T10:09:45","indexId":"70126220","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:08:03","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ghost of habitat past: historic habitat affects the contemporary distribution of giant garter snakes in a modified landscape.","docAbstract":"Historic habitat conditions can affect contemporary communities and populations, but most studies of historic habitat are based on the reduction in habitat extent or connectivity. Little is known about the effects of historic habitat on contemporary species distributions when historic habitat has been nearly completely removed, but species persist in a highly altered landscape. More than 93% of the historic wetlands in the Central Valley of California, USA, have been drained and converted to agricultural and other uses, but agricultural wetlands, such as rice and its supporting infrastructure of canals, allow some species to persist. Little is known about the distribution of giant garter snakes Thamnophis gigas, a rare aquatic snake species inhabiting this predominantly agricultural landscape, or the variables that affect where this species occurs. We used occupancy modeling to examine the distribution of giant garter snakes at the landscape scale in the Sacramento Valley (northern portion of the Central Valley) of California, with an emphasis on the relative strength of historic and contemporary variables (landscape-scale habitat, local microhabitat, vegetation composition and relative prey counts) for predicting giant garter snake occurrence. Proximity to historic marsh best explained variation in the probability of occurrence of giant garter snakes at the landscape scale, with greater probability of occurrence near historic marsh. We suspect that the importance of distance to historic marsh represents dispersal limitations of giant garter snakes. These results suggest that preserving and restoring areas near historic marsh, and minimizing activities that reduce the extent of marsh or marsh-like (e.g. rice agriculture, canal) habitats near historic marsh may be advantageous to giant garter snakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, England","doi":"10.1111/acv.12073","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., Wylie, G.D., and Casazza, M.L., 2014, Ghost of habitat past: historic habitat affects the contemporary distribution of giant garter snakes in a modified landscape.: Animal Conservation, v. 17, no. 2, p. 144-153, https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12073.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-045138","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294232,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12073"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb26e4b08312ac7cf044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Glenn D. 0000-0002-7061-6658 glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-6658","contributorId":3052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70129607,"text":"70129607 - 2014 - Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T09:22:56","indexId":"70129607","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T09:19:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN","docAbstract":"We developed a process model LM3-TAN to assess the combined effects of direct human influences and climate change on terrestrial and aquatic nitrogen (TAN) cycling. The model was developed by expanding NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory land model LM3V-N of coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen (C-N) cycling and including new N cycling processes and inputs such as a soil denitrification, point N sources to streams (i.e., sewage), and stream transport and microbial processes. Because the model integrates ecological, hydrological, and biogeochemical processes, it captures key controls of the transport and fate of N in the vegetation–soil–river system in a comprehensive and consistent framework which is responsive to climatic variations and land-use changes. We applied the model at 1/8° resolution for a study of the Susquehanna River Basin. We simulated with LM3-TAN stream dissolved organic-N, ammonium-N, and nitrate-N loads throughout the river network, and we evaluated the modeled loads for 1986–2005 using data from 16 monitoring stations as well as a reported budget for the entire basin. By accounting for interannual hydrologic variability, the model was able to capture interannual variations of stream N loadings. While the model was calibrated with the stream N loads only at the last downstream Susquehanna River Basin Commission station Marietta (40°02' N, 76°32' W), it captured the N loads well at multiple locations within the basin with different climate regimes, land-use types, and associated N sources and transformations in the sub-basins. Furthermore, the calculated and previously reported N budgets agreed well at the level of the whole Susquehanna watershed. Here we illustrate how point and non-point N sources contributing to the various ecosystems are stored, lost, and exported via the river. Local analysis of six sub-basins showed combined effects of land use and climate on soil denitrification rates, with the highest rates in the Lower Susquehanna Sub-Basin (extensive agriculture; Atlantic coastal climate) and the lowest rates in the West Branch Susquehanna Sub-Basin (mostly forest; Great Lakes and Midwest climate). In the re-growing secondary forests, most of the N from non-point sources was stored in the vegetation and soil, but in the agricultural lands most N inputs were removed by soil denitrification, indicating that anthropogenic N applications could drive substantial increase of N2O emission, an intermediate of the denitrification process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014","usgsCitation":"Lee, M., Malyshev, S., Shevliakova, E., Milly, P., and Jaffe, P.R., 2014, Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN: Biogeosciences, v. 11, p. 5809-5826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5809","endPage":"5826","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-058259","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295705,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b6a1ae4b03653c63fb1c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, M.","contributorId":17932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malyshev, S.","contributorId":58210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malyshev","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shevliakova, E.","contributorId":69910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milly, Paul C. D.","contributorId":100769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaffe, P. R.","contributorId":96204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70128273,"text":"70128273 - 2014 - Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":77062,"text":"sir20065148 - 2006 - Pesticide toxicity index for freshwater aquatic organisms, 2nd edition","indexId":"sir20065148","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Pesticide toxicity index for freshwater aquatic organisms, 2nd edition"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70128273,"text":"70128273 - 2014 - Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms","indexId":"70128273","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-13T11:35:23","indexId":"70128273","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms","docAbstract":"Pesticide mixtures are common in streams with agricultural or urban influence in the watershed. The Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI) is a screening tool to assess potential aquatic toxicity of complex pesticide mixtures by combining measures of pesticide exposure and acute toxicity in an additive toxic-unit model. The PTI is determined separately for fish, cladocerans, and benthic invertebrates. This study expands the number of pesticides and degradates included in previous editions of the PTI from 124 to 492 pesticides and degradates, and includes two types of PTI for use in different applications, depending on study objectives. The Median-PTI was calculated from median toxicity values for individual pesticides, so is robust to outliers and is appropriate for comparing relative potential toxicity among samples, sites, or pesticides. The Sensitive-PTI uses the 5th percentile of available toxicity values, so is a more sensitive screening-level indicator of potential toxicity. PTI predictions of toxicity in environmental samples were tested using data aggregated from published field studies that measured pesticide concentrations and toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia in ambient stream water. C. dubia survival was reduced to ≤ 50% of controls in 44% of samples with Median-PTI values of 0.1–1, and to 0% in 96% of samples with Median-PTI values > 1. The PTI is a relative, but quantitative, indicator of potential toxicity that can be used to evaluate relationships between pesticide exposure and biological condition.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of The Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.088","usgsCitation":"Nowell, L.H., Norman, J.E., Moran, P.W., Martin, J.D., and Stone, W.W., 2014, Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms: Science of the Total Environment, v. 476-477, p. 144-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.088.","productDescription":"14 p.; appendixes","startPage":"144","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046429","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294961,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.088"},{"id":294962,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713015714"},{"id":299606,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/pnsp/pubs/Nowell2014_STOTEN_PTI/Nowell2014_SuppInfo_PTI.zip","text":"Appendixes A-D"}],"volume":"476-477","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500b4e4b0a4f4b46a23b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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2014 - Behavioural cues surpass habitat factors in explaining prebreeding resource selection by a migratory diving duck","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T16:43:00","indexId":"70124550","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T07:48:05","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioural cues surpass habitat factors in explaining prebreeding resource selection by a migratory diving duck","docAbstract":"Prebreeding habitat selection in birds can often be explained in part by habitat characteristics. However, females may also select habitats on the basis of fidelity to areas of previous reproductive success or use by conspecifics. The relative influences of sociobehavioural attributes versus habitat characteristics in habitat selection has been primarily investigated in songbirds, while less is known about how these factors affect habitat selection processes in migratory waterfowl. Animal resource selection models often exhibit much unexplained variation; spatial patterns driven by social and behavioural characteristics may account for some of this. We radiomarked female lesser scaup, Aythya affinis, in the southwestern extent of their breeding range to explore hypotheses regarding relative roles of habitat quality, site fidelity and conspecific density in prebreeding habitat selection. We used linear mixed-effects models to relate intensity of use within female home ranges to habitat features, distance to areas of reproductive success during the previous breeding season and conspecific density. Home range habitats included shallow water (≤118 cm), moderate to high densities of flooded emergent vegetation/open water edge and open water areas with submerged aquatic vegetation. Compared with habitat features, conspecific female density and proximity to successful nesting habitats from the previous breeding season had greater influences on habitat use within home ranges. Fidelity and conspecific attraction are behavioural characteristics in some waterfowl species that may exert a greater influence than habitat features in influencing prebreeding space use and habitat selection within home ranges, particularly where quality habitat is abundant. These processes may be of critical importance to a better understanding of habitat selection in breeding birds.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.004","usgsCitation":"O’Neil, S.T., Warren, J.M., Takekawa, J.Y., De La Cruz, S.E., Cutting, K.A., Parker, M.W., and Yee, J.L., 2014, Behavioural cues surpass habitat factors in explaining prebreeding resource selection by a migratory diving duck: Animal Behaviour, v. 90, p. 21-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-051708","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293789,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.907962,44.577373 ], [ -111.907962,44.715944 ], [ -111.582843,44.715944 ], [ -111.582843,44.577373 ], [ -111.907962,44.577373 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"90","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b1ce4b082fed288b8f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neil, Shawn T.","contributorId":62533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warren, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":16297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De La Cruz, Susan E. 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Two samples of surface sediment were collected from separate dust sources in northeastern Arizona. Analysis of the PM20 fraction demonstrated that the majority of both dust samples were quartz and clay minerals (total SiO2 of 52 and 57%). Using respiratory epithelial and monocytic cell lines, the two desert dusts increased oxidant generation, measured by Amplex Red fluorescence, along with carbon black (a control particle), silica, and NIST 1649 (an ambient air pollution particle). Cell oxidant generation was greatest following exposures to silica and the desert dusts. Similarly, changes in RNA for superoxide dismutase-1, heme oxygenase-1, and cyclooxygenase-2 were also greatest after silica and the desert dusts supporting an oxidative stress after cell exposure. Silica, desert dusts, and the ambient air pollution particle NIST 1649 demonstrated a capacity to activate the p38 and ERK1/2 pathways and release pro-inflammatory mediators. Mice, instilled with the same particles, showed the greatest lavage concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators, neutrophils, and lung injury following silica and desert dusts. We conclude that, comparable to other particles, desert dusts have a capacity to (1) influence oxidative stress and release of pro-inflammatory mediators in respiratory epithelial cells and (2) provoke an inflammatory injury in the lower respiratory tract of an animal model. The biological effects of desert dusts approximated those of silica.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.3109/08958378.2014.888109","usgsCitation":"Ghio, A.J., Kummarapurugu, S.T., Tong, H., Soukup, J.M., Dailey, L.A., Boykin, E., Gilmour, M.I., Ingram, P., Roggli, V.L., Goldstein, H.L., and Reynolds, R.L., 2014, Biological effects of desert dust in respiratory epithelial cells and a murine model: Inhalation Toxicology, v. 26, no. 5, p. 299-309, https://doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2014.888109.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046030","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b46e4b08de9379b32e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ghio, Andrew J.","contributorId":139069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghio","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kummarapurugu, Suryanaren T.","contributorId":139070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kummarapurugu","given":"Suryanaren","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tong, Haiyan","contributorId":139071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tong","given":"Haiyan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soukup, Joleen M.","contributorId":139072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soukup","given":"Joleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dailey, Lisa A.","contributorId":139073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dailey","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boykin, Elizabeth","contributorId":139074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boykin","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilmour, M. 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Changing climate may continue this trajectory, but it also provides a catalyst for renewal of ecosystems and a window of opportunity for change in institutions. Resilience provides a bridging concept that predicts that change in ecological and social systems is often dramatic, abrupt, and surprising. Adapting to the uncertainty of climate driven change must be done in a manner perceived as legitimate by the participants in a democratic society. Adaptation must begin with the current hierarchical and fragmented social-ecological system as a baseline from which new approaches must be applied. Achieving a level of integration between ecological concepts and governance requires a dialogue across multiple disciplines, including ecologists with expertise in ecological resilience, hydrologists and climate experts, with social scientists and legal scholars. Criteria and models that link ecological dynamics with policies in complex, multi-jurisdictional water basins with adaptive management and governance frameworks may move these social-ecological systems toward greater sustainability.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/su6042338","usgsCitation":"Cosens, B., Gunderson, L., Allen, C.R., and Benson, M.H., 2014, Identifying legal, ecological and governance obstacles and opportunities for adapting to climate change: Sustainability, v. 6, no. 4, p. 2338-2356, https://doi.org/10.3390/su6042338.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2338","endPage":"2356","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056238","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su6042338","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bdbec4e4b06458514aeece","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cosens, Barbara","contributorId":166744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cosens","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunderson, Lance","contributorId":30797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunderson","given":"Lance","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benson, Melinda H.","contributorId":54090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180391,"text":"70180391 - 2014 - Infiltration and runoff generation processes in fire-affected soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T09:34:05","indexId":"70180391","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infiltration and runoff generation processes in fire-affected soils","docAbstract":"Post-wildfire runoff was investigated by combining field measurements and modelling of infiltration into fire-affected soils to predict time-to-start of runoff and peak runoff rate at the plot scale (1 m2). Time series of soil-water content, rainfall and runoff were measured on a hillslope burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire west of Boulder, Colorado during cyclonic and convective rainstorms in the spring and summer of 2011. Some of the field measurements and measured soil physical properties were used to calibrate a one-dimensional post-wildfire numerical model, which was then used as a ‘virtual instrument’ to provide estimates of the saturated hydraulic conductivity and high-resolution (1 mm) estimates of the soil-water profile and water fluxes within the unsaturated zone.
Field and model estimates of the wetting-front depth indicated that post-wildfire infiltration was on average confined to shallow depths less than 30 mm. Model estimates of the effective saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, near the soil surface ranged from 0.1 to 5.2 mm h−1. Because of the relatively small values of Ks, the time-to-start of runoff (measured from the start of rainfall), tp, was found to depend only on the initial soil-water saturation deficit (predicted by the model) and a measured characteristic of the rainfall profile (referred to as the average rainfall acceleration, equal to the initial rate of change in rainfall intensity). An analytical model was developed from the combined results and explained 92–97% of the variance of tp, and the numerical infiltration model explained 74–91% of the variance of the peak runoff rates. These results are from one burned site, but they strongly suggest that tp in fire-affected soils (which often have low values of Ks) is probably controlled more by the storm profile and the initial soil-water saturation deficit than by soil hydraulic properties.
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","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2014.0029","usgsCitation":"Zimova, M., Mills, L.S., Lukacs, P.M., and Mitchell, M.S., 2014, Snowshoe hares display limited phenotypic plasticity to mismatch in seasonal camouflage: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 281, no. 1782, Article 20140029; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0029.","productDescription":"Article 20140029; 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053217","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"281","issue":"1782","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9336e4b04f417c275183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimova, Marketa","contributorId":171704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimova","given":"Marketa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, L. Scott","contributorId":89431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lukacs, Paul M.","contributorId":101240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukacs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171348,"text":"70171348 - 2014 - Multibeam sonar (DIDSON) assessment of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) approaching a hydroelectric dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T13:11:24","indexId":"70171348","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multibeam sonar (DIDSON) assessment of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) approaching a hydroelectric dam","docAbstract":"We investigated the fish community approaching the Veazie Dam on the Penobscot River, Maine, prior to implementation of a major dam removal and river restoration project. Multibeam sonar (dual-frequency identification sonar, DIDSON) surveys were conducted continuously at the fishway entrance from May to July in 2011. A 5% subsample of DIDSON data contained 43 793 fish targets, the majority of which were of Excellent (15.7%) or Good (73.01%) observation quality. Excellent quality DIDSON targets (n = 6876) were apportioned by species using a Bayesian mixture model based on four known fork length distributions (river herring (alewife,Alosa psuedoharengus, and blueback herring, Alosa aestivalis), American shad, Alosa sapidissima) and two size classes (one sea-winter and multi-sea-winter) of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). 76.2% of targets were assigned to the American shad distribution; Atlantic salmon accounted for 15.64%, and river herring 8.16% of observed targets. Shad-sized (99.0%) and salmon-sized (99.3%) targets approached the fishway almost exclusively during the day, whereas river herring-sized targets were observed both during the day (51.1%) and at night (48.9%). This approach demonstrates how multibeam sonar imaging can be used to evaluate community composition and species-specific movement patterns in systems where there is little overlap in the length distributions of target species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2013-0308","usgsCitation":"Grote, A.B., Bailey, M.M., Zydlewski, J.D., and Hightower, J.E., 2014, Multibeam sonar (DIDSON) assessment of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) approaching a hydroelectric dam: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 4, p. 545-558, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0308.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"558","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046112","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d65e9e4b07e28b66848d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grote, Ann B.","contributorId":169715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grote","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Michael M.","contributorId":169684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25572,"text":"University of Maine, Orono","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hightower, Joseph E. jhightower@usgs.gov","contributorId":835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"Joseph","email":"jhightower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194378,"text":"70194378 - 2014 - The effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:55:31","indexId":"70194378","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity","docAbstract":"This chapter reports the findings of a Working Group on how atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition affects both terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity. Regional and global scale impacts on biodiversity are addressed, together with potential indicators. Key conclusions are that: the rates of loss in biodiversity are greatest at the lowest and initial stages of N deposition increase; changes in species compositions are related to the relative amounts of N, carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) in the plant soil system; enhanced N inputs have implications for C cycling; N deposition is known to be having adverse effects on European and North American vegetation composition; very little is known about tropical ecosystem responses, while tropical ecosystems are major biodiversity hotspots and are increasingly recipients of very high N deposition rates; N deposition alters forest fungi and mycorrhyzal relations with plants; the rapid response of forest fungi and arthropods makes them good indicators of change; predictive tools (models) that address ecosystem scale processes are necessary to address complex drivers and responses, including the integration of N deposition, climate change and land use effects; criteria can be identified for projecting sensitivity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to N deposition. Future research and policy-relevant recommendations are identified.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nitrogen deposition, critical loads and biodiversity","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-7939-6_49","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Barber, M.C., Adams, M., Agboola, J.I., Allen, E.B., Bealey, W.J., Bobbink, R., Bobrovsky, M.V., Bowman, W., Branquinho, C., Bustamente, M.M., Clark, C., Cocking, E.C., Cruz, C., Davidson, E.A., Denmead, O.T., Dias, T., Dise, N.B., Feest, A., Galloway, J., Geiser, L.H., Gilliam, F.S., Harrison, I.J., Khanina, L.G., Lu, X., Manrique, E., Ochoa-Hueso, R., Ometto, J.P., Payne, R., Scheuschner, T., Sheppard, L.J., Simpson, G.L., Singh, Y.V., Stevens, C.J., Strachan, I., Sverdrup, H., Tokuchi, N., van Dobben, H., and Woodin, S., 2014, The effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity, chap. of Nitrogen deposition, critical loads and biodiversity, p. 465-480, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7939-6_49.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"480","ipdsId":"IP-021567","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/the-effects-of-atmospheric-nitrogen-deposition-on-terrestrial-and","text":"External Repository"},{"id":349372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100b6e4b06e28e9c25405","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Mary C.","contributorId":45590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Mark","contributorId":149284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Agboola, Julius I.","contributorId":200853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agboola","given":"Julius","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Edith B.","contributorId":139341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Edith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12741,"text":"U of CA Dept of Botany and Plant Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bealey, William J.","contributorId":200855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bealey","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bobbink, Roland","contributorId":146344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bobbink","given":"Roland","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16678,"text":"B-WARE Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bobrovsky, Maxim V.","contributorId":200856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bobrovsky","given":"Maxim","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bowman, William D.","contributorId":146345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"William D.","affiliations":[{"id":6709,"text":"University of Colorado, Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Branquinho, Cristina","contributorId":200857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Branquinho","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bustamente, Mercedes M. 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Landsat 8 extends the remarkable 40 year Landsat record and has enhanced capabilities including new spectral bands in the blue and cirrus cloud-detection portion of the spectrum, two thermal bands, improved sensor signal-to-noise performance and associated improvements in radiometric resolution, and an improved duty cycle that allows collection of a significantly greater number of images per day. This paper introduces the current (2012–2017) Landsat Science Team's efforts to establish an initial understanding of Landsat 8 capabilities and the steps ahead in support of priorities identified by the team. Preliminary evaluation of Landsat 8 capabilities and identification of new science and applications opportunities are described with respect to calibration and radiometric characterization; surface reflectance; surface albedo; surface temperature, evapotranspiration and drought; agriculture; land cover, condition, disturbance and change; fresh and coastal water; and snow and ice. Insights into the development of derived ‘higher-level’ Landsat products are provided in recognition of the growing need for consistently processed, moderate spatial resolution, large area, long-term terrestrial data records for resource management and for climate and global change studies. The paper concludes with future prospects, emphasizing the opportunities for land imaging constellations by combining Landsat data with data collected from other international sensing systems, and consideration of successor Landsat mission requirements.
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Without question, the earthquake sequence has had unprecedented impacts in all spheres on New Zealand society, locally to nationally--10% of the country's population was directly impacted and losses total 8-10% of their GDP. The following paragraphs present a few lessons from Christchurch.
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Information on population-level responses of large mammals to flooding events is scarce, and we had a unique opportunity to evaluate the viability of the Upper Atchafalaya River Basin (UARB) black bear population before and after a significant flooding event. We began collecting black bear hair samples in 2007 for a DNA mark-recapture study to estimate abundance (N) and apparent survival (φ). In 2011, the Morganza Spillway was opened to divert floodwaters from the Mississippi River through the UARB, inundating > 50% of our study area, potentially impacting recovery of this important bear population. To evaluate the effects of this flooding event on bear population dynamics, we used a robust design multistate model to estimate changes in transition rates from the flooded area to non-flooded area (ψF→NF) before (2007–2010), during (2010–2011) and after (2011–2012) the flood. Average N across all years of study was 63.2 (SE = 5.2), excluding the year of the flooding event. Estimates of ψF→NF increased from 0.014 (SE = 0.010; meaning that 1.4% of the bears moved from the flooded area to non-flooded areas) before flooding to 0.113 (SE = 0.045) during the flood year, and then decreased to 0.028 (SE= 0.035) after the flood. Although we demonstrated a flood effect on transition rates as hypothesized, the effect was small (88.7% of the bears remained in the flooded area during flooding) and φ was unchanged, suggesting that the 2011 flooding event had minimal impact on survival and site fidelity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/acv.12114","usgsCitation":"O'Connell-Goode, K., Lowe, C., and Clark, J.D., 2014, Effects of a flooding event on a threatened black bear population in Louisiana: Animal Conservation, v. 17, no. 5, p. 476-485, https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12114.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"476","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-055463","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285122,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12114"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Upper Atchafalaya River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.0496,30.4556 ], [ -92.0496,30.9527 ], [ -91.3634,30.9527 ], [ -91.3634,30.4556 ], [ -92.0496,30.4556 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517036e4b05569d805a1e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Connell-Goode, Kaitlin C.","contributorId":82614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connell-Goode","given":"Kaitlin C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowe, Carrie L.","contributorId":71884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"Carrie L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188869,"text":"70188869 - 2014 - Structural controls on geothermal circulation in Surprise Valley, California: A re-evaluation of the Lake City fault zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T10:09:51","indexId":"70188869","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural controls on geothermal circulation in Surprise Valley, California: A re-evaluation of the Lake City fault zone","docAbstract":"Faults and fractures play an important role in the circulation of geothermal fluids in the crust, and the nature of that role varies according to structural setting and state of stress. As a result, detailed geologic and geophysical mapping that relates thermal springs to known structural features is essential to modeling geothermal systems. Published maps of Surprise Valley in northeastern California suggest that the “Lake City fault” or “Lake City fault zone” is a significant structural feature, cutting obliquely across the basin and connecting thermal springs across the valley. Newly acquired geophysical data (audio-magnetotelluric, gravity, and magnetic), combined with existing geochemical and geological data, suggest otherwise. We examine potential field profiles and resistivity models that cross the mapped Lake City fault zone. While there are numerous geophysical anomalies that suggest subsurface structures, they mostly do not coincide with the mapped traces of the Lake City fault zone, nor do they show a consistent signature in gravity, magnetics, or resistivities that would suggest a through-going fault that would promote connectivity through lateral fluid flow. Instead of a single, continuous fault, we propose the presence of a deformation zone associated with the growth of the range-front Surprise Valley fault. The implication for geothermal circulation is that this is a zone of enhanced porosity but lacks length-wise connectivity that could conduct fluids across the valley. Thermal fluid circulation is most likely controlled primarily by interactions between N-S–trending normal faults.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B30785.1","usgsCitation":"Anne E. Egger, Glen, J.M., and McPhee, D., 2014, Structural controls on geothermal circulation in Surprise Valley, California: A re-evaluation of the Lake City fault zone: GSA Bulletin, v. 126, no. 3-4, p. 523-531, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30785.1.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"523","endPage":"531","ipdsId":"IP-046413","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"Goose Lake, Surprise Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.62713623046872,\n 42.167475010395364\n ],\n [\n -120.64086914062497,\n 41.2778064673818\n ],\n [\n -120.64086914062497,\n 41.09384217129617\n ],\n [\n -120.04211425781249,\n 41.10212132036489\n ],\n [\n -119.88006591796872,\n 41.106260503564485\n ],\n [\n -119.89105224609372,\n 41.97786911170169\n ],\n [\n -119.88006591796874,\n 42.15118709351198\n ],\n [\n -120.62713623046872,\n 42.167475010395364\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eaee4b062508e3c7aab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anne E. Egger","contributorId":193540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anne E. Egger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M.G. 0000-0002-3502-3355 jglen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-3355","contributorId":176530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.G.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPhee, Darcy 0000-0002-5177-3068 dmcphee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-3068","contributorId":2621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"Darcy","email":"dmcphee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70099991,"text":"sir20145036 - 2014 - Simulation of zones of contribution to wells at site GM–38, Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Bethpage, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-28T14:36:01","indexId":"sir20145036","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-28T14:23:03","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5036","title":"Simulation of zones of contribution to wells at site GM–38, Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Bethpage, New York","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional groundwater-flow model is coupled with the particle-tracking program MODPATH to delineate zones of contribution to wells pumping from the Magothy aquifer and supplying water to a chlorinated volatile organic compound removal plant at site GM–38, Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Bethpage, New York. By use of driller’s logs, a transitional probability approach generated three alternative realizations of heterogeneity within the Magothy aquifer to assess uncertainty in model representation. Finer-grained sediments with low hydraulic conductivity were realized as laterally discontinuous, thickening towards the south, and comprising about 17 percent of the total aquifer volume.
\n\nParticle-tracking evaluations of a steady state present conditions model with alternative heterogeneity realizations were used to develop zones of contribution of remedial pumping wells. Because of heterogeneity and high rates of advection within the coarse-grained sediments, transport by dispersion and (or) diffusion was assumed to be negligible. Resulting zones of contribution of existing remedial wells are complex shapes, influenced by heterogeneity of each realization and other nearby hydrologic stresses. The use of two particle tracking techniques helped identify zones of contribution to wells. Backtracking techniques and observations of points of intersection of backward-tracked particles at shells of the GM–38 Hot Spot, as defined by surfaces of equal total volatile organic compound concentration, identified the source of water within the GM–38 Hot Spot to simulated wells. Forward-tracking techniques identified the fate of water within the GM–38 Hot Spot, including well capture and discharge to model constant head and drain boundaries. The percentage of backward-tracked particles, started at GM–38 wells that were sourced from within the Hot Spot, varied from 72.0 to 98.2, depending on the Hot Spot delineation used (present steady state model and Magothy aquifer heterogeneity realization A). The percentage of forward-tracked particles that were captured by GM–38 wells varied from 81.1 to 94.6, depending on the Hot Spot delineation used, with the remainder primarily captured by Bethpage Water District Plant 4 production wells (present steady state model and Magothy aquifer heterogeneity realization A). Less than 1 percent of forward-tracked particles ultimately discharge at model constant head and drain boundaries. The differences between forward- and backward-tracked particle percentage ranges are due to some forward-tracked particles not being captured by GM–38 wells, and some backward-tracked particles not intersecting specific regions of the Hot Spot.
\n\nDuring 2013, an aquifer test generated detailed time series of well pumping rates and corresponding water-level responses were recorded at numerous locations. These data were used to verify the present conditions steady state model and demonstrate the sensitivity of model results to transient-state changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145036","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Naval Facilities Engineering Command","usgsCitation":"Misut, P., 2014, Simulation of zones of contribution to wells at site GM–38, Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Bethpage, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5036, vii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145036.","productDescription":"vii, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053917","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285106,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5036/pdf/sir2014-5036.pdf"},{"id":285107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145036.jpg"},{"id":285104,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5036/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Bethpage","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.506,40.731 ], [ -73.506,40.769 ], [ -73.464,40.769 ], [ -73.464,40.731 ], [ -73.506,40.731 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517063e4b05569d805a3b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Misut, Paul","contributorId":93822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misut","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}