Melt and gas transfer processes are essential to the formation and growth of the Earth’s crust and for sustaining volcanic activity. These processes also play a major role in magma fractionation at shallow depths (<10 km) where magmas stall rheologically and solidify. In this scenario, the conditions of melt and gas mobilization during progressive cooling of crystal mushes down to their solidus remain poorly understood. We present experimental data (at 1.1 kbar) showing how a combination of temperature and crystal content control the ability of melt and gas to escape from cooling and solidifying hydrous silicic magmas with initial crystal volume fractions (Φ) of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8, and for temperature snapshots of 850, 800, and 750°. Microstructural observations and chemical data show that the amount of extracted melt increases by 70% from 850 to 750° and by 40% from Φ = 0.6 to 0.8 at 750°, due to the formation of interconnected crystal frameworks, gas expansion in constricted pore space, and filter pressing during cooling. As a result, our experiments suggest that melt and gas extraction from cooling mushes increases in proximity to their solidus and can operate efficiently at 0.6 < Φ <0.93. These observations shed light on maximum estimates of the segregation of gas-rich, crystal-poor magmas (0.02 m/year at 850° to 9 m/year at 750°) to form felsic dykes or eruptible systems feeding volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/feart.2020.00175","usgsCitation":"Pistone, M., Baumgartner, L., Begue, F., Jarvis, P., Bloch, E., Robyr, M., Muntener, O., Sisson, T.W., and Blundy, J.D., 2020, Felsic melt and gas mobilisation during magma solidification: An experimental study at 1.1 kbar: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 8, 175, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00175.","productDescription":"175, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118636","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00175","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":431562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pistone, Mattia","contributorId":340416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pistone","given":"Mattia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baumgartner, Lukas","contributorId":340419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Lukas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35541,"text":"University of Lausanne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Begue, Florence","contributorId":340422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Begue","given":"Florence","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35541,"text":"University of Lausanne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarvis, Paul A.","contributorId":340425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarvis","given":"Paul A.","affiliations":[{"id":25472,"text":"University of Geneva","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bloch, Elias","contributorId":340427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bloch","given":"Elias","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35541,"text":"University of Lausanne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robyr, Martin","contributorId":340457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robyr","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":907178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Muntener, Othmar","contributorId":340431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muntener","given":"Othmar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35541,"text":"University of Lausanne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Blundy, Jon D.","contributorId":340433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blundy","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37322,"text":"University of Bristol","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70211707,"text":"70211707 - 2020 - Repeatable source, path, and site effects from the 2019 Ridgecrest M7.1 earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-07T13:28:29.468565","indexId":"70211707","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-09T08:24:46","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Repeatable source, path, and site effects from the 2019 Ridgecrest M7.1 earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"We use a large instrumental dataset from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence (Rekoske et al., 2019, 2020) to examine repeatable source‐, path‐, and site‐specific ground motions. A mixed‐effects analysis is used to partition total residuals relative to the Boore et al. (2014; hereafter, BSSA14) ground‐motion model. We calculate the Arias intensity stress drop for the earthquakes and find strong correlation with our event terms, indicating that they are consistent with source processes. We look for physically meaningful trends in the partitioned residuals and test the ability of BSSA14 to capture the behavior we observe in the data.
We find that BSSA14 is a good match to the median observations for
Native steelhead (anadromous form of rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss]) and bridgelip sucker (Catostomus columbianus) were historically used by the Kah-miltpah (Rock Creek) Band for sustenance, trade, and traditional practices in Rock Creek, a tributary to the Columbia River in southeastern Washington State. Rock Creek flows south to the Columbia River at river kilometer (rkm) 368 and is an intermittent stream of great significance to the Yakama Nation and to the Kah-miltpah Band in particular. Concern over declines in the abundance of these fish in Rock Creek prompted a research and monitoring program to better understand habitat conditions, population status, and limiting factors. In addition to steelhead and bridgelip sucker, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and resident rainbow trout are also present and monitored. Rainbow trout and steelhead will be collectively referred to as O. mykiss. Streamflow is a limiting habitat factor in this system, but steelhead and coho salmon still successfully return to spawn, rear, outmigrate, and survive over summer in many of the isolated pools that provide important refuge for juvenile rearing.
We completed a habitat survey during autumn 2018 to assess the perennial pools during low-flow conditions. In Rock Creek, the overall percentage of habitat recorded as dry was 41, non-pool wet was 42, and pool was 17. The number of pools (n=93) recorded was less than during previous years’ survey efforts (2015–17). The percentage of non-pool wet habitat was generally higher in 2018 than in previous years. This is a likely result of habitat reaches, which in the past, were considered pools but have become shallower and smaller and are now categorized as non-pool wet habitat. However, the fewer habitat reaches categorized as pools in 2018 now have an average length, area, and depth that are generally greater than in past years. In Walaluuks Creek, the percentage of habitat recorded as dry was 53, non-pool wet was 40, and pool was 7. The percentage of pool habitat was the lowest of all years surveyed since 2015.
Fish sampling occurred during autumn after habitat surveys were completed from October 1 to November 9. Fish species distribution, relative abundance, length-frequency distribution, and pool fish density were determined using backpack electrofishing in stratified, systematically selected pools. During fish sampling, 855 O. mykiss were handled and 662 were tagged with a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag, and 718 coho salmon were handled and 567 were PIT tagged. A total of 536 bridgelip suckers and largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus [n=6]) were handled and 294 were PIT tagged. In Rock Creek, pool abundance estimates were calculated for six pools for both O. mykiss age classes (age 0 and age 1 or older [age 1+]) and one additional pool for age 1+. For pools where age-0 O. mykiss were present, the average pool population abundance was 0.144 (n=6; range: 0.052–0.208) fish per square meter. For age-1+ O. mykiss, the average pool population abundance was 0.045 (n=7; range: 0.002–0.179) fish per square meter. For age-0 O. mykiss in Walaluuks Creek, the average pool abundance was 0.207 fish per square meter (n=7; range: 0.038–0.416), and for age-1+ fish, the average pool abundance was 0.382 fish per square meter (n=6; range: 0.009–0.761). In Rock Creek, coho salmon were more abundant than O. mykiss in pools except for three pools upstream from rkm 20. The average pool abundance for coho salmon was 0.256 fish per square meter (n=8; range: 0.019–0.756) in Rock Creek pools. In Walaluuks Creek, coho salmon were captured in four pools and were not captured in the upstream pools sampled. The average pool abundance for coho salmon in the four lower pools was 0.488 fish per square meter (n=4; range: 0.417–0.548). Bridgelip suckers were captured in all pools in Rock Creek except the pool sampled at rkm 21.8. The average pool abundance for bridgelip suckers was 0.552 fish per square meter (n=7; range: 0.015–1.554) in Rock Creek. Bridgelip suckers were captured in three downstream pools in Walaluuks Creek, and the average abundance was 0.044 fish per square meter (n=3; range: 0.024–0.085).
Overwinter and reach survival probabilities were estimated for O. mykiss and coho salmon using a Cormack-Jolly-Seber modeling approach. The best fit survival model for the O. mykiss and coho salmon was a reach only model. The upstream reach includes overwinter survival probability because fish are tagged and released in autumn and primarily migrate the following spring. During 2018, coho salmon (0.568, standard error [SE]=0.027) had a significantly higher probability of overwinter survival than O. mykiss (0.276, SE=0.019). The reach survival probability was higher for O. mykiss than coho salmon in the downstream migratory reaches. Survival was not modeled for bridgelip suckers. For bridgelip suckers, 147 were detected of 294, that were PIT tagged and released in the Rock Creek subbasin (50.0 percent).
Information provided in this report increases our understanding of the status and trends of these populations. It further documents how intermittent streams can support salmonid populations. It also provides insight into potential management and restoration actions that could be beneficial and timing and allocation of resources. Ongoing monitoring work of this population will inform progress towards Rock Creek species recovery goals and contribution to recovery goals for the steelhead Middle Columbia River Distinct Population Segment.
Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
The role of subduction zone geometry in the nucleation and propagation of great-sized earthquake ruptures is an important topic for earthquake hazard, since knowing how big an earthquake can be on a given fault is fundamentally important. Past studies have shown subducting bathymetric features (e.g. ridges, fracture zones, seamount chains) may arrest a propagating rupture. Other studies have correlated the occurrence of great-sized earthquakes with flat megathrusts and homogenous stresses over large distances. It remains unclear, however, how subduction zone geometry and the potential for great-sized earthquakes (M 8+) are quantifiably linked—or indeed whether they can be. Here, we examine the potential role of subduction zone geometry in limiting earthquake rupture by mapping the planarity of seismogenic zones in the Slab2 subduction zone geometry database. We build from the observation that historical great-sized earthquakes have preferentially occurred where the surrounding megathrust is broadly planar, and we use this relationship to search for geometrically similar features elsewhere in subduction zones worldwide. Assuming geometry exerts a primary control on earthquake propagation and termination, we estimate the potential size distribution of large (M 7+) earthquakes and the maximum earthquake magnitude along global subduction faults based on geometrical features alone. Our results suggest that most subduction zones are capable of hosting great-sized earthquakes over much of their area. Many bathymetric features previously identified as barriers are indistinguishable from the surrounding megathrust from the perspective of slab curvature, meaning that they either do not play an important role in arresting earthquake rupture or that their influence on slab geometry at depth is not resolvable at the spatial scale of our subduction zone geometry models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggaa254","usgsCitation":"Plescia, S.M., and Hayes, G., 2020, Geometric controls on megathrust earthquakes: Geophysical Journal International, v. 222, no. 2, p. 1270-1282, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa254.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1270","endPage":"1282","ipdsId":"IP-118723","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"222","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plescia, Steven M.","contributorId":261740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plescia","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":52978,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70218221,"text":"70218221 - 2020 - Survival estimates for the invasive American bullfrog","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-19T19:59:33.384981","indexId":"70218221","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-05T13:54:44","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":751,"text":"Amphibia-Reptilia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival estimates for the invasive American bullfrog","docAbstract":"American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) are significant invaders in many places and can negatively impact native species. Despite their impact and wide distribution, little is known about their demography. We used five years of capture mark-recapture data to estimate annual apparent survival of post-metamorphic bullfrogs in a population on the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge in their invaded range in Arizona, U.S.A. This population is a potential source of colonists into breeding ponds used by the federally threatened Chiricahua leopard frog (L. chiricahuensis). Results from robust-design Cormack-Jolly-Seber models suggested that survival of bullfrogs was influenced by sex and precipitation but not body condition. Survival was higher for females (mean = 0.37; 95% CI=0.15, 0.72) than males (mean = 0.17; 95% CI=0.02, 0.49), and declined with reduced annual precipitation (mean = −0.36, 95% CI = −2.09, 0.84). These survival estimates can be incorporated into models of population dynamics and to help predict spread of bullfrogs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Brill","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10016","usgsCitation":"Howell, P., Muths, E., Sigafus, B.H., and Hossack, B., 2020, Survival estimates for the invasive American bullfrog: Amphibia-Reptilia, v. 41, no. 4, p. 559-564, https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10016.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"564","ipdsId":"IP-112892","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Survival_estimates_for_the_invasive_American_bullfrog/12301367","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383391,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.61148071289062,\n 31.439208864183147\n ],\n [\n -111.3079833984375,\n 31.439208864183147\n ],\n [\n -111.3079833984375,\n 31.85773063158148\n ],\n [\n -111.61148071289062,\n 31.85773063158148\n ],\n [\n -111.61148071289062,\n 31.439208864183147\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, Paige E.","contributorId":173495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howell","given":"Paige E.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":243368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sigafus, Brent H. 0000-0002-7422-8927 bsigafus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-8927","contributorId":4534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigafus","given":"Brent","email":"bsigafus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":229347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70214644,"text":"70214644 - 2020 - The Moon as a climate-quality radiometric calibration reference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-01T17:45:54.634478","indexId":"70214644","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-05T12:42:02","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Moon as a climate-quality radiometric calibration reference","docAbstract":"On-orbit calibration requirements for a space-based climate observing system include long-term sensor response stability and reliable inter-calibration of multiple sensors, both contemporaneous and in succession. The difficulties with achieving these for reflected solar wavelength instruments are well known. The Moon can be considered a diffuse reflector of sunlight, and its exceptional photometric stability has enabled development of a lunar radiometric reference, manifest as a model that is queried for the specific conditions of Moon observations. The lunar irradiance model developed by the Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) project has adequate precision for sensor response temporal trending, but a climate-quality lunar reference will require at least an order of magnitude improvement in absolute accuracy. To redevelop the lunar calibration reference with sub-percent uncertainty and SI traceability requires collecting new, high-accuracy Moon characterization measurements. This paper describes specifications for such measurements, along with a conceptual framework for reconstructing the lunar reference using them. Three currently active NASA-sponsored projects have objectives to acquire measurements that can support a climate-quality lunar reference: air-LUSI, dedicated lunar spectral irradiance measurements from the NASA ER-2 high altitude aircraft; ARCSTONE, dedicated lunar spectral reflectance measurements from a small satellite; and Moon viewing opportunities by CLARREO Pathfinder from the International Space Station.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs12111837","usgsCitation":"Stone, T.C., Kieffer, H.H., Lukashin, C., and Turpie, K., 2020, The Moon as a climate-quality radiometric calibration reference: Remote Sensing, v. 12, no. 11, p. 1837-1853, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111837.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1837","endPage":"1853","ipdsId":"IP-118345","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111837","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"12","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Thomas C. 0000-0001-5088-3495 tstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-3495","contributorId":242004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Thomas","email":"tstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kieffer, Hugh H.","contributorId":41137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lukashin, Constantine","contributorId":242007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lukashin","given":"Constantine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48472,"text":"NASA Langley Reseach Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turpie, Kevin","contributorId":242008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turpie","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210506,"text":"ds1126 - 2020 - Rock strength properties of granitic rocks in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T11:26:04.891116","indexId":"ds1126","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-05T10:02:01","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1126","displayTitle":"Rock Strength Properties of Granitic Rocks in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California","title":"Rock strength properties of granitic rocks in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California","docAbstract":"Yosemite National Park, located in the central part of California’s Sierra Nevada mountains, is a glacially carved landscape filled with iconic rock formations such as Cathedral Peak, El Capitan, and Half Dome. Igneous rocks, consisting primarily of variations of granite, granodiorite, and tonalite, make up the majority of the bedrock geology and their overall strength supports the spectacular cliffs and domes of Yosemite Valley that draw many visitors to the park. These same sheer cliffs also are the source areas for frequent rock falls, which, in addition to being the primary mechanism for cliff formation, can also pose a hazard to visitors and infrastructure located below. To obtain rock strength parameters for use in assessing rock-fall potential in Yosemite National Park, we conducted a comprehensive rock mechanics laboratory testing program on a set of granitic rocks that form many of the cliffs in Yosemite Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1126","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, National Park Service, and Université de Lausanne","usgsCitation":"Collins, B.D., Sandstrone, F., Gastaldo, L., Stock, G.M., and Jaboyedoff, M., 2020, Rock strength properties of granitic rocks in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1126, 158 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1126.","productDescription":"vii, 158 p.","numberOfPages":"158","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-113982","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375394,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1126/ds1126.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":375393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1126/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.90478515625,\n 37.74682893940135\n ],\n [\n -119.23873901367188,\n 37.74682893940135\n ],\n [\n -119.23873901367188,\n 38.01888587738773\n ],\n [\n -119.90478515625,\n 38.01888587738773\n ],\n [\n -119.90478515625,\n 37.74682893940135\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
On the basis of lifetime cancer risks, lead-210 (210Pb) and polonium-210 (210Po) ≥ 1.0 and 0.7 pCi/L (picocuries per liter), respectively, in drinking-water supplies may pose human-health concerns. 210Pb and 210Po were detected at concentrations greater than these thresholds at 3.7 and 1.5%, respectively, of filtered untreated groundwater samples from 1263 public-supply wells in 19 principal aquifers across the United States. Nationally, 72% of samples with radon-222 (222Rn) concentrations > 4000 pCi/L had 210Pb ≥ 1.0 pCi/L. 210Pb is mobilized by alpha recoil associated with the decay of 222Rn and short-lived progeny. 210Pb concentrations ≥ 1.0 pCi/L occurred most frequently where acidic groundwaters inhibited 210Pb readsorption (felsic-crystalline rocks) and where reducing alkaline conditions favored dissolution of iron–manganese- (Fe–Mn-) oxyhydroxides (which adsorb 210Pb) and formation of lead–carbonate complexes (enhancing lead (Pb) mobility). 210Po concentrations ≥ 0.7 pCi/L occurred almost exclusively in confined Coastal Plain aquifers where old (low percent-modern carbon-14) groundwaters were reducing, with high pH (>7.5) and high sodium/chloride (Na/Cl) ratios resulting from cation exchange. In high-pH environments, aqueous polonium (Po) is poorly sorbed, occurring as dihydrogen polonate (H2PoO3(aq)) or, under strongly reducing conditions, as a hydrogen-polonide anion (HPo–). Fe–Mn- and sulfate-reduction and cation-exchange processes may mobilize polonium from mineral surfaces. Po2+ occurrence in low-to-neutral-pH waters is attenuated by adsorption.
Recreational fisheries have high economic worth, valued at US$190 billion globally. An important, but underappreciated, secondary value of recreational catch is its role as a source of food. This contribution is poorly understood due to difficulty in estimating recreational harvest at spatial scales beyond a single system, as traditionally estimated from individual creel surveys. Here, we address this gap using 28‐year creel surveys of ~300 Wisconsin inland lakes. We develop a statistical model of recreational harvest for individual lakes and then scale‐up to unsurveyed lakes (3,769 lakes; 73% of statewide lake surface area). We generate a statewide estimate of recreational lake harvest of ~4,200 metric tons and an estimated annual angler consumption rate of ~1.1 kg, nearly equal to the total estimated United States per capita freshwater fish consumption. An important ecosystem service, recreational harvest makes significant contributions to human diets and plays an often‐unheralded role in food security.
Prior to emergence as fry, salmonid embryos incubating within gravel nests called “redds” are vulnerable to substrate mobilization and lowering of the streambed, a process termed “streambed scour,” during floods. Water managers regulating discharge in salmonid-bearing rivers need information about the magnitude of discharge during which the scour of substrate surrounding salmonid redds occurs. The time when scour occurs, however, is difficult to measure and usually poorly constrained. The South Fork Tolt River in western Washington supplies the City of Seattle with hydroelectric power and about 40 percent of its municipal water needs, while providing spawning habitat for two salmonid species listed under the Endangered Species Act: Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (O. mykiss). The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Seattle City Light and Seattle Public Utilities, began a study in 2015 using accelerometer scour monitors (ASM) to characterize the timing of and hydrologic conditions associated with streambed scour at the depth of incubating salmonid embryos in the South Fork Tolt River. Prior to this study, operational thresholds for peak discharge on the South Fork Tolt River were 350 cubic feet per second (cfs) in the upper part of the river and 550 cfs in the lower part of the river as measured at USGS streamgages 12148000 and 12148300, respectively. These thresholds were developed from the peak discharge associated with observations of the flattening of redd structure and not from direct measurement of scour at the depth of egg pockets within redds. Accelerometer scour monitors were deployed at the level of salmonid egg pockets in spawning habitat of the South Fork Tolt River to record the temporal pattern of streambed scour at the depth of incubating salmon eggs during fall and winter flood seasons of water years (WY) 2016 and 2017. Thirteen of 48 ASMs deployed during the WY 2016 flood season recorded scour attributed to high streamflow when discharge measured at USGS streamgage 12148300 (the lower river streamgage used as an index gage) was between 969 and 1,360 cfs. Local discharge at individual scour sites varied depending on the timing of tributary inputs and downstream transport of water. During the subsequent flood season in WY 2017, peak discharge at the index gage reached 809 cfs. None of the 38 ASMs deployed recorded scour attributed to streamflow alone, although 10 ASMs recorded localized bed movement attributed to spawning activity of fish. Most scour at the depth of redds measured during WY 2016 occurred at or before peak flood discharge consistent with previous redd scour studies. The lack of scour measured in WY 2017 when peak discharge (809 cfs) was less than the minimum discharge when scour occurred in WY 2016 (969 cfs) suggests minimal to no scour of egg pockets in salmonid redds when discharge is less than 809 cfs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Seattle City Light and Seattle Public Utilities","usgsCitation":"Gendaszek, A.S., Ablow, E., and Marks, D., 2020, Streambed scour of salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) redds in the South Fork Tolt River, King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5044, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205044.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-110809","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375381,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5044/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":375382,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5044/sir20205044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 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Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
Delimiting biodiversity units is difficult in organisms in which differentiation is obscured by hybridization, plasticity, and other factors that blur phenotypic boundaries. Such work is more complicated when the focal units are subspecies, the definition of which has not been broadly explored in the era of modern genetic methods. Eastwood manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.) is a widely distributed and morphologically complex chaparral shrub species with much subspecific variation, which has proven challenging to categorize. Currently 10 subspecies are recognized, however, many of them are not geographically segregated, and morphological intermediates are common. Subspecies delimitation is of particular importance in this species because two of the subspecies are rare. The goal of this study was to apply an evolutionary definition of “subspecies” to characterize structure within Eastwood manzanita.
We used publicly available geospatial environmental data and reduced‐representation genome sequencing to characterize environmental and genetic differentiation among subspecies. In addition, we tested whether subspecies could be differentiated by environmentally associated genetic variation.
Our analyses do not show genetic differentiation among subspecies of Eastwood manzanita, with the exception of one of the two rare subspecies. In addition, our environmental analyses did not show ecological differentiation, though limitations of the analysis prevent strong conclusions.
Genetic structure within Eastwood manzanita does not correspond to current subspecies circumscriptions, but rather reflects geographic distribution. Our study suggests that subspecies concepts need to be reconsidered in long‐lived plant species, especially in the age of next‐generation sequencing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.1496","usgsCitation":"Huang, Y., Morrison, G.R., Brelsford, A., Franklin, J., Jolles, D.D., Keeley, J., Parker, V., Saavedra, N., Sanders, A.C., Stoughton, T., Wahlert, G.A., and Litt, A., 2020, Subspecies differentiation in an enigmatic chaparral shrub species: American Journal of Botany, v. 107, no. 6, p. 923-940, https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1496.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"923","endPage":"940","ipdsId":"IP-115824","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1496","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":375519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Yi","contributorId":225188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Yi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41068,"text":"University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, Glen R.","contributorId":225189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":41068,"text":"University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brelsford, Alan","contributorId":225190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brelsford","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41068,"text":"University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franklin, Janet","contributorId":192373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franklin","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jolles, Diana D","contributorId":225191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jolles","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":41069,"text":"Plymouth State University, Plymouth, NH 03264","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keeley, Jon 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92521","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sanders, Andrew C","contributorId":225194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":41068,"text":"University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stoughton, Thomas","contributorId":225195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoughton","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41069,"text":"Plymouth State University, Plymouth, NH 03264","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wahlert, Gregory A.","contributorId":225196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wahlert","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":41071,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Litt, Amy","contributorId":225197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Litt","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41068,"text":"University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70211578,"text":"70211578 - 2020 - Hyperpigmented melanistic skin lesions of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu from the Chesapeake Bay watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-02T13:39:55.015334","indexId":"70211578","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-04T09:14:47","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Hyperpigmented melanistic skin lesions of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu from the Chesapeake Bay watershed","title":"Hyperpigmented melanistic skin lesions of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu from the Chesapeake Bay watershed","docAbstract":"Hyperpigmented melanistic skin lesions (HPMLs) of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu are observed in the Potomac and Susquehanna rivers, Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA. Routine, nonlethal population surveys were conducted at 8 sites on the mainstem Susquehanna River and 9 on the Juniata River, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, between 2012 and 2018, and the prevalence of HPMLs was documented. A total of 4078 smallmouth bass were collected from the mainstem Susquehanna River and 6478 from the Juniata River. Lesions were primarily seen in bass greater than 200 mm, and prevalence in the Susquehanna River (8%) was higher (p < 0.001) than in the Juniata River (2%). As part of ongoing fish health monitoring projects, smallmouth bass were collected at additional sites, primarily tributaries of the Susquehanna (n = 758) and Potomac (n = 545) rivers between 2013 and 2018. Prevalence in the Susquehanna River (13%) was higher (p < 0.001) than the Potomac (3%). Microscopically, HPMLs were characterized by an increased number of melanocytes in the epidermis or within the dermis and epidermis. RNAseq analyses of normal and melanistic skin identified 3 unique sequences in HPMLs. Two were unidentified and the third was a viral helicase (E1). Transcript abundance in 16 normal skin samples and 16 HPMLs showed upregulation of genes associated with melanogenesis and cell proliferation in HPMLs. The E1 transcript was detected in 12 of the 16 melanistic areas but in no samples from normal skin. Further research will be necessary to identify the putative new virus and determine its role in melanocyte proliferation.
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Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Geoffrey D.","contributorId":224595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Geoffrey D.","affiliations":[{"id":40898,"text":"Pennsylvania Fish & Boat Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sperry, Adam 0000-0002-4815-3730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-3730","contributorId":203243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sperry","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178 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(CECs) in tree swallows along an agricultural to industrial gradient: Maumee River, OH","docAbstract":"Exposure to multiple classes of contaminants, both legacy and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), were assessed in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) tissue and diet samples from 6 sites along the Maumee River, Ohio, USA, to understand both exposure and possible effects of exposure to those CECs for which there are little avian data. The 6 sites represented a gradient from intensive agriculture upstream to highly urbanized and industrial landscapes downstream; 1 or 2 remote Wisconsin lakes were assessed for comparative purposes. Cytochrome P450 induction, DNA damage, and thyroid function were also assessed relative to contaminant exposure. Bioaccumulative CECs, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorinated substances, did not follow any upstream to downstream gradient; but both had significantly greater concentrations along the Maumee River than at the remote lake sites. Greater exposure to PBDEs was apparent in swallows at or near wastewater‐treatment facilities than at other sites. Total polychlorinated biphenyl and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations were greater in swallows at downstream locations compared to upstream sites and were associated with higher ethoxyresorufin‐O‐dealkylase activity. Few herbicides or nonorganochlorine insecticides were detected in swallow tissues or their food, except for atrazine and its metabolite desethylatrazine. Few pharmaceuticals and personal care products were detected except for DEET and iopamidol. Both were detected in most liver samples but not in eggs, as well as detected at the remote lake sites. This is one of the most comprehensive assessments to date of exposure and effects of a wide variety of CECs in birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.4792","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., Custer, T.W., Dummer, P.M., Schultz, S.L., Tseng, C.Y., Karouna-Renier, N., and Matson, C., 2020, Legacy and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in tree swallows along an agricultural to industrial gradient: Maumee River, OH: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 39, no. 10, p. 1936-1952, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4792.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1936","endPage":"1952","ipdsId":"IP-117948","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94E110D","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Maumee River: Legacy and Contaminants of Emerging Concern"},{"id":378898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Maumee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.990478515625,\n 41.41595533303718\n ],\n [\n -83.968505859375,\n 41.396384896536304\n ],\n [\n -83.88198852539062,\n 41.399475357337565\n ],\n [\n -83.6883544921875,\n 41.47668911274522\n ],\n [\n -83.55377197265625,\n 41.588742636696765\n ],\n [\n -83.39996337890625,\n 41.69547509615208\n ],\n [\n -83.5125732421875,\n 41.73237975329554\n ],\n [\n -83.70208740234375,\n 41.57025176609894\n ],\n [\n -83.93280029296875,\n 41.448902743309674\n ],\n [\n -83.990478515625,\n 41.41595533303718\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582 ccuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":1143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"ccuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":216059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dummer, Paul M. 0000-0002-2055-9480 pdummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-9480","contributorId":3015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dummer","given":"Paul","email":"pdummer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schultz, Sandra L. 0000-0003-3394-2857 sschultz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3394-2857","contributorId":5966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Sandra","email":"sschultz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tseng, Chi Yen","contributorId":241901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tseng","given":"Chi","email":"","middleInitial":"Yen","affiliations":[{"id":13716,"text":"Baylor University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Karouna-Renier, Natalie 0000-0001-7127-033X nkarouna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-033X","contributorId":200983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karouna-Renier","given":"Natalie","email":"nkarouna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matson, Cole W.","contributorId":141222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"Cole W.","affiliations":[{"id":13716,"text":"Baylor University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70210424,"text":"tm15C2 - 2020 - Safe work practices for working with wildlife","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70210424,"text":"tm15C2 - 2020 - Safe work practices for working with wildlife","indexId":"tm15C2","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Safe Work Practices for Working with Wildlife","title":"Safe work practices for working with wildlife"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118922,"text":"tm15 - 2015 - Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","indexId":"tm15","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70118922,"text":"tm15 - 2015 - Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","indexId":"tm15","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-30T12:31:55.800652","indexId":"tm15C2","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-03T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"15-C2","displayTitle":"Safe Work Practices for Working with Wildlife","title":"Safe work practices for working with wildlife","docAbstract":"Most wildlife biologists, technicians, and veterinarians complete their tasks safely and uneventfully every day. However, some significant risks exist in this line of work, and injuries, illnesses, and accidental deaths among wildlife workers do occur. Aviation accidents (airplane and helicopter), drownings, and car and truck accidents are the most common causes of fatalities among wildlife workers (Sasse, 2003). Although rare, serious zoonotic infections also happen. Being mindful of occupational hazards and zoonoses (diseases transmitted between humans and animals), and the various ways to minimize these risks, can help workers stay safe and healthy on the job.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section C: Techniques in Disease Surveillance and Investigation in Book 15 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm15C2","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Taylor, T., and Buttke, D., 2020, Safe work practices for working with wildlife: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 15, chap. C2, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm15C2.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-109854","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375270,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/c02/tm15c2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T&M 15–C–2"},{"id":375269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/c02/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711–6223
Drought risk management involves three pillars: drought early warning, drought vulnerability and risk assessment, and drought preparedness, mitigation, and response. This book collects in one place a description of all the key components of the first pillar, and describes strategies for fitting these pieces together. The best modern drought early warning systems incorporate and integrate a broad array of environmental information sources: weather station observations, satellite imagery, land surface and crop model simulations, and weather and climate model forecasts, and analyze this information in context-relevant ways that take into account exposure and vulnerability. Drought Early Warning and Forecasting: Theory and Practice assembles a comprehensive overview of these components, providing examples drawn from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network and the United States Drought Monitor. This book simultaneously addresses the physical, social, and information management aspects of drought early warning, and informs readers about the tools, techniques, and conceptual models required to effectively identify, predict, and communicate potential drought-related disasters.
This book is a key text for postgraduate scientists and graduate and advanced undergraduate students in hydrology, geography, earth sciences, meteorology, climatology, and environmental sciences programs. Professionals dealing with disaster management and drought forecasting will also find this book beneficial to their work.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","isbn":"9780128140116","usgsCitation":"Funk, C., and Shukla, S., 2020, Drought early warning and forecasting, 238 p.","productDescription":"238 p.","ipdsId":"IP-115627","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":377958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/drought-early-warning-and-forecasting/funk/978-0-12-814011-6"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shukla, Shraddhanand","contributorId":145802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"Shraddhanand","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":789478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211202,"text":"70211202 - 2020 - Four-dimensional surface motions of the Slumgullion landslide and quantification of hydrometeorological forcing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-17T17:25:42.112539","indexId":"70211202","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-03T12:18:06","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Four-dimensional surface motions of the Slumgullion landslide and quantification of hydrometeorological forcing","docAbstract":"Landslides modify the natural landscape and cause fatalities and property damage worldwide. Quantifying landslide dynamics is challenging due to the stochastic nature of the environment. With its large area of ~1 km2 and perennial motions at ~10–20 mm per day, the Slumgullion landslide in Colorado, USA, represents an ideal natural laboratory to better understand landslide behavior. Here, we use hybrid remote sensing data and methods to recover the four-dimensional surface motions during 2011–2018. We refine the boundaries of an area of ~0.35 km2 below the crest of the prehistoric landslide. We construct a mechanical framework to quantify the rheology, subsurface channel geometry, mass flow rate, and spatiotemporally dependent pore-water pressure feedback through a joint analysis of displacement and hydrometeorological measurements from ground, air and space. Our study demonstrates the importance of remotely characterizing often inaccessible, dangerous slopes to better understand landslides and other quasi-static mass fluxes in natural and industrial environments, which will ultimately help reduce associated hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-16617-7","usgsCitation":"Hu, X., Bürgmann, R., Schulz, W.H., and Fielding, E.J., 2020, Four-dimensional surface motions of the Slumgullion landslide and quantification of hydrometeorological forcing: Nature Communications, v. 11, 2792, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16617-7.","productDescription":"2792, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117085","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456500,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16617-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TCQDD5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from in-situ displacement monitoring, Slumgullion landslide, Hinsdale County, Colorado"},{"id":376466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Slumgullion landslide","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.30132102966309,\n 37.97600347500009\n ],\n [\n -107.22647666931152,\n 37.97600347500009\n ],\n [\n -107.22647666931152,\n 38.01212375706868\n ],\n [\n -107.30132102966309,\n 38.01212375706868\n ],\n [\n -107.30132102966309,\n 37.97600347500009\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, Xie","contributorId":177306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Xie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bürgmann, Roland","contributorId":195087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bürgmann","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulz, William H. 0000-0001-9980-3580 wschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9980-3580","contributorId":942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"wschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fielding, Eric J.","contributorId":218096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fielding","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39742,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210443,"text":"ofr20201055 - 2020 - Optimization of tidal marsh management at the Cape May and Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuges, New Jersey, through use of structured decision making","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T18:36:12.129906","indexId":"ofr20201055","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-03T11:35:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1055","displayTitle":"Optimization of Tidal Marsh Management at the Cape May and Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuges, New Jersey, Through Use of Structured Decision Making","title":"Optimization of tidal marsh management at the Cape May and Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuges, New Jersey, through use of structured decision making","docAbstract":"Structured decision making is a systematic, transparent process for improving the quality of complex decisions by identifying measurable management objectives and feasible management actions; predicting the potential consequences of management actions relative to the stated objectives; and selecting a course of action that maximizes the total benefit achieved and balances tradeoffs among objectives. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, applied an existing, regional framework for structured decision making to develop a prototype tool for optimizing tidal marsh management decisions at the Cape May and Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuges in New Jersey. Refuge biologists, refuge managers, and research scientists identified multiple potential management actions to improve the ecological integrity of 13 marsh management units within the refuges and estimated the outcomes of each action in terms of performance metrics associated with each management objective. Value functions previously developed at the regional level were used to transform metric scores to a common utility scale, and utilities were summed to produce a single score representing the total management benefit that would be accrued from each potential management action. Constrained optimization was used to identify the set of management actions, one per marsh management unit, that would maximize total management benefits at different cost constraints at the refuge scale. Results indicated that, for the objectives and actions considered here, total management benefits may increase consistently up to approximately $785,000, but that further expenditures may yield diminishing return on investment. Management actions in optimal portfolios at total costs less than $785,000 included applying sediment to the marsh surface (thin layer deposition) in seven marsh management units, controlling the invasive reed Phragmites australis in four marsh management units, remediating hydrologic alterations in two marsh management units, and planting native vegetation in one marsh management unit. The management benefits were derived from expected improvements in the capacity for marsh elevation to keep pace with sea-level rise, increases in numbers of spiders (as an indicator of trophic health) and tidal marsh obligate birds, and increased cover of native vegetation. The prototype presented here provides a framework for decision making at the Cape May and Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuges that can be updated as new data and information become available. Insights from this process may also be useful to inform future habitat management planning at the refuges.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., Lyons, J.E., Nagel, J.L., Adamowicz, S.C., Mikula, T., Braudis, B., and Hanlon, H., 2020, Optimization of tidal marsh management at the Cape May and Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuges, New Jersey, through use of structured decision making: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1055, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201055.","productDescription":"vii, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-101980","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375304,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1055/ofr20201055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1055"},{"id":375303,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1055/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Cape May, Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 39.690280594818034\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 39.95185892663005\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 39.9602803542957\n ],\n [\n -75.618896484375,\n 39.58029027440865\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 39.2407625100131\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -74.42138671875,\n 39.07037913108751\n ],\n [\n -74.410400390625,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -74.77294921875,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 39.40224434029275\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 39.690280594818034\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Road
Laurel, MD 20708–4039
Human health practitioners and wildlife biologists use insecticides to manage plague by suppressing fleas (Siphonaptera), but insecticides can also kill other ectoparasites. We investigated effects of deltamethrin and fipronil on ectoparasites from black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus, BTPDs). In late July, 2018, we treated three sites with 0.05% deltamethrin dust and 5 sites with host-fed 0.005% fipronil grain. Three non-treated sites functioned as experimental baselines. We collected ectoparasites before treatments (June-July, 2018) and after treatments (August-October, 2018, June-July, 2019). Both deltamethrin and fipronil suppressed fleas for at least 12 months. Deltamethrin had no detectable effect on mites (Arachnida). Fipronil suppressed mites for at least 12 months. Lice (Phthiraptera) were scarce on non-treated sites throughout the study, complicating interpretation. Concentrating on eight sites where all three ectoparasites where found in June-July, 2018 (before treatments), flea intensity was greatest on BTPDs carrying many lice and mites. These three ectoparasites co-occurred at high numbers, which might facilitate plague transmission in some cases. Lethal effects of insecticides on ectoparasite communities are potentially advantageous in the context of plague management.
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