The information flow among the tasks of framework assessment, numerical modeling, model forecasting and hind casting, and system-performance monitoring is illustrated. Results provide an understanding of artificial recharge in high-altitude desert settings where large vertical distances may separate application ponds from their target aquifers.
Approximately 3.8 million cubic meters of surface water was applied to spreading ponds from 2003–2007 to artificially recharge the underlying aquifer through a 200-meter thick unsaturated zone in the San Gorgonio Pass area in southern California. A study was conducted between 1997 and 2003, and a numerical model was developed to help determine the suitability of the site for artificial recharge. Ongoing monitoring results indicated that the existing model needed to be modified and recalibrated to more accurately predict artificial recharge at the site. The objective of this work was to recalibrate the model by using observation of the application rates, the rise and fall of the water level above a perching layer, and the approximate arrival time to the water table during the 5-yr monitoring period following initiation of long-term artificial recharge. Continuous monitoring of soil-matric potential, temperature, and water levels beneath the site indicated that artificial recharge reached the underlying water table between 3.75 and 4.5 yr after the initial application of the recharge water. The model was modified to allow the simulation to more adequately match the perching layer dynamics and the time of arrival at the water table. The instrumentation also showed that the lag time between changes in application of water at the surface and the response at the perching layer decreased from about 4 mo to less than 1 mo due to the wet-up of the unsaturated zone and the increase in relative permeability. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of iteratively monitoring and modeling the unsaturated zone in layered alluvial systems in the context of artificial recharge. They show that adequate geologic and hydraulic-property data on perching layers are critical to success. Continuous monitoring in the unsaturated and saturated zones beneath a site provides data to develop and constrain numerical models, better understand local unsaturated zone process, manage artificial recharge operations, and to determine the timing and volume of recoverable water for consumptive use.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/vzj2012.0043","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., Ellett, K.M., Christensen, A.H., and Martin, P., 2012, Modeling a thick unsaturated zone at San Gorgonio Pass, California: lessons learned after five years of artificial recharge: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 11, no. 4, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2012.0043.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-025507","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Gorgonio Pass","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.102671,33.857283 ], [ -117.102671,34.124403 ], [ -116.796983,34.124403 ], [ -116.796983,33.857283 ], [ -117.102671,33.857283 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd67d8e4b0b29085101a75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellett, Kevin M.","contributorId":68359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellett","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040809,"text":"sir20125186 - 2012 - Groundwater quality in West Virginia, 1993-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-19T10:45:15","indexId":"sir20125186","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5186","title":"Groundwater quality in West Virginia, 1993-2008","docAbstract":"Approximately 42 percent of all West Virginians rely on groundwater for their domestic water supply. However, prior to 2008, the quality of the West Virginia’s groundwater resource was largely unknown. The need for a statewide assessment of groundwater quality prompted the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (WVDEP), Division of Water and Waste Management, to develop an ambient groundwater-quality monitoring program.\n\nThe USGS West Virginia Water Science Center sampled 300 wells, of which 80 percent were public-supply wells, over a 10-year period, 1999–2008. Sites for this statewide ambient groundwater-quality monitoring program were selected to provide wide areal coverage and to represent a variety of environmental settings. The resulting 300 samples were supplemented with data from a related monitoring network of 24 wells and springs.\n\nAll samples were analyzed for field measurements (water temperature, pH, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen), major ions, trace elements, nutrients, volatile organic compounds, fecal indicator bacteria, and radon-222. Sub-sets of samples were analyzed for pesticides or semi-volatile organic compounds; site selection was based on local land use.\n\nSamples were grouped for comparison by geologic age of the aquifer, Groups included Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Pennsylvanian, Permian, and Quaternary aquifers. A comparison of samples indicated that geologic age of the aquifer was the largest contributor to variability in groundwater quality.\n\nThis study did not attempt to characterize drinking water provided through public water systems. All samples were of raw, untreated groundwater. Drinking-water criteria apply to water that is served to the public, not to raw water. However, drinking water criteria, including U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL), non-enforceable secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL), non-enforceable proposed MCL, or non-enforceable advisory health-based screening level (HBSL), were used as benchmarks against which to compare analytical results.\n\nConstituent concentrations were less than the MCLs in most samples. However, some samples exceeded non-enforceable SMCLs, proposed MCLs, or advisory HBSLs. Radon-222 concentrations exceeded the proposed MCL of 300 pCi/L in 45 percent of samples, and iron concentrations exceeded the SMCL of 300 µg/L in 57 percent of samples. Manganese concentrations were greater than the SMCL (50 µg/L) in 62 percent of samples and greater than the HBSL (300 µg/L) in 25 percent of the samples. Other sampled constituents, including organic compounds and trace elements, exceeded drinking-water criteria at much lower frequencies.\n\nThe radon-222 median concentrations in samples from Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Permian, and Quaternary aquifers exceeded the proposed 300 pCi/L MCL. Although median radon concentrations for wells in Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian aquifers were less than the proposed MCL, radon concentrations greater than the proposed MCL were measured in samples from aquifers of all geologic ages.\n\nThe median iron concentrations for samples from Devonian and Pennsylvanian aquifers were greater than the 300 µg/L SMCL. Iron concentrations exceeded the SMCL in aquifers of all geologic ages, except Cambrian. Median concentrations of manganese exceeded the SMCL in samples from Devonian, Pennsylvanian, and Quaternary aquifers. As with iron, manganese concentrations were found to exceed the SMCL in at least one sample from aquifers of all geologic ages, except Cambrian.\n\nPesticides were detected most frequently and in higher concentrations in limestone-dominated areas. Most of West Virginia’s agriculture is concentrated in those areas.\n\nThis study, the most comprehensive assessment of West Virginia groundwater quality to date, indicates the water quality of West Virginia’s groundwater is generally good; in the majority of cases raw-water samples met primary drinking water-criteria. However, some constituents, notably iron and manganese, exceeded the secondary drinking criteria in more than half the samples.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125186","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water and Waste Management","usgsCitation":"Chambers, D., Kozar, M.D., White, J.S., and Paybins, K.S., 2012, Groundwater quality in West Virginia, 1993-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5186, viii, 47 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125186.","productDescription":"viii, 47 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263260,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5186/"},{"id":263261,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5186/pdf/sir2012-5186.pdf"},{"id":263262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5186.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.64,37.2 ], [ -82.64,40.64 ], [ -77.72,40.64 ], [ -77.72,37.2 ], [ -82.64,37.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50abfb7ce4b0afbc75eb980c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, Douglas B. 0000-0002-5275-5427 dbchambe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-5427","contributorId":2520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Douglas B.","email":"dbchambe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-1501-1074 jswhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-1074","contributorId":3905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy","email":"jswhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paybins, Katherine S. 0000-0002-3967-5043 kpaybins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-5043","contributorId":2805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paybins","given":"Katherine","email":"kpaybins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040820,"text":"sir20125207 - 2012 - County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from commercial fertilizer for the Conterminous United States, 1987-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-20T17:06:41.937664","indexId":"sir20125207","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5207","displayTitle":"County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from commercial fertilizer for the Conterminous United States, 1987–2006","title":"County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from commercial fertilizer for the Conterminous United States, 1987-2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment program requires nutrient input for analysis of the national and regional assessment of water quality. Detailed information on nutrient inputs to the environment are needed to understand and address the many serious problems that arise from excess nutrients in the streams and groundwater of the Nation. This report updates estimated county-level farm and nonfarm nitrogen and phosphorus input from commercial fertilizer sales for the conterminous United States for 1987 through 2006. Estimates were calculated from the Association of American Plant Food Control Officials fertilizer sales data, Census of Agriculture fertilizer expenditures, and U.S. Census Bureau county population. A previous national approach for deriving farm and nonfarm fertilizer nutrient estimates was evaluated, and a revised method for selecting representative states to calculate national farm and nonfarm proportions was developed. A national approach was used to estimate farm and nonfarm fertilizer inputs because not all states distinguish between farm and nonfarm use, and the quality of fertilizer reporting varies from year to year. For states that distinguish between farm and nonfarm use, the spatial distribution of the ratios of nonfarm-to-total fertilizer estimates for nitrogen and phosphorus calculated using the national-based farm and nonfarm proportions were similar to the spatial distribution of the ratios generated using state-based farm and nonfarm proportions. In addition, the relative highs and lows in the temporal distribution of farm and nonfarm nitrogen and phosphorus input at the state level were maintained—the periods of high and low usage coincide between national- and state-based values. With a few exceptions, nonfarm nitrogen estimates were found to be reasonable when compared to the amounts that would result if the lawn application rates recommended by state and university agricultural agencies were used. Also, states with higher nonfarm-to-total fertilizer ratios for nitrogen and phosphorus tended to have higher urban land-use percentages.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125207","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Gronberg, J., and Spahr, N.E., 2012, County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from commercial fertilizer for the Conterminous United States, 1987-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5207, Report: vi, 20 p.; Appendixes 1-6; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125207.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; Appendixes 1-6; Database","numberOfPages":"30","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438804,"rank":12,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H41PKX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"County-Level Estimates of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Commercial Fertilizer for the Conterminous United States, 1987-2012"},{"id":387305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5207.jpg"},{"id":387310,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/pdf/sir20125207_appendix3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387309,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/pdf/sir20125207_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387315,"rank":11,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/sir2012-5207_county_fertilizer.zip","text":"Database download","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":387314,"rank":10,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir2012-5207_county_fertilizer.xml","text":"Database metadata","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":387313,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/pdf/sir20125207_appendix6.pdf","text":"Appendix 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387312,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/pdf/sir20125207_appendix5.pdf","text":"Appendix 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387311,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/pdf/sir20125207_appendix4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387308,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/pdf/sir20125207_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387307,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/pdf/sir20125207.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387306,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50abfb6ae4b0afbc75eb97fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gronberg, Jo Ann M.","contributorId":18342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"Jo Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":469081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040764,"text":"pp1793 - 2012 - Synthesis of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data for the Boulder batholith, southwest Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-16T08:47:02","indexId":"pp1793","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1793","title":"Synthesis of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data for the Boulder batholith, southwest Montana","docAbstract":"The Late Cretaceous Boulder batholith in southwest Montana consists of the Butte Granite and a group of associated smaller intrusions emplaced into Mesoproterozoic to Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and into the Late Cretaceous Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics. The Boulder batholith is dominated by the voluminous Butte Granite, which is surrounded by as many as a dozen individually named, peripheral intrusions. These granodiorite, monzogranite, and minor syenogranite intrusions contain varying abundances of plagioclase, alkali feldspar, quartz, biotite, hornblende, rare clinopyroxene, and opaque oxide minerals. Mafic, intermediate, and felsic subsets of the Boulder batholith intrusions are defined principally on the basis of color index. Most Boulder batholith plutons have inequigranular to seriate textures although several are porphyritic and some are granophyric (and locally miarolitic). Most of these plutons are medium grained but several of the more felsic and granophyric intrusions are fine grained. Petrographic characteristics, especially relative abundances of constituent minerals, are distinctive and foster reasonably unambiguous identification of individual intrusions. Seventeen samples from plutons of the Boulder batholith were dated by SHRIMP (Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe) zircon U-Pb geochronology. Three samples of the Butte Granite show that this large pluton may be composite, having formed during two episodes of magmatism at about 76.7 ± 0.5 Ma (2 samples) and 74.7 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma) (1 sample). However, petrographic and chemical data are inconsistent with the Butte Granite consisting of separate, compositionally distinct intrusions. Accordingly, solidification of magma represented by the Butte Granite appears to have spanned about 2 million year (m.y.). The remaining Boulder batholith plutons were emplaced during a 6-10 m.y. span (81.7 ± 1.4 Ma to 73.7 ± 0.6 Ma). The compositional characteristics of these plutons are similar to those of moderately differentiated subduction-related magmas. The plutons form relatively coherent, distinct but broadly overlapping major oxide composition clusters or linear arrays on geochemical variation diagrams. Rock compositions are subalkaline, magnesian, calc-alkalic to calcic, and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous. The Butte Granite intrusion is homogeneous with respect to major oxide abundances. Each of the plutons is also characterized by distinct trace element abundances although absolute trace element abundance variations are relatively minor. Limited Sr and Nd isotope data for whole-rock samples of the Boulder batholith are more radiogenic than those for plutonic rocks of western Idaho, eastern Oregon, the Salmon River suture, and most of the Big Belt Mountains. Initial strontium (Sri) values are low and epsilon neodymium (εNd) values are comparable relative to those of other southwest Montana basement and Mesozoic intrusive rocks. Importantly, although the Boulder batholith hosts significant mineral deposits, including the world-class Butte Cu-Ag deposit, ore metal abundances in the Butte Granite, as well as in its peripheral plutons, are not elevated but are comparable to global average abundances in igneous rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1793","usgsCitation":"du Bray, E.A., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Lund, K., 2012, Synthesis of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data for the Boulder batholith, southwest Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1793, Report: iv, 39 p.; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1793.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 39 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1793.gif"},{"id":263204,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1793/"},{"id":263205,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1793/PP1793.pdf"},{"id":263206,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1793/Appendix_1.xls"}],"scale":"200000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 12","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Batholith","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.75,45.75 ], [ -112.75,46.75 ], [ -111.5,46.75 ], [ -111.5,45.75 ], [ -112.75,45.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a76087e4b0e93eb366ee52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040765,"text":"ofr20121232 - 2012 - Early Tertiary exhumation of the flank of a forearc basin, southwest Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T16:40:40","indexId":"ofr20121232","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1232","title":"Early Tertiary exhumation of the flank of a forearc basin, southwest Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska","docAbstract":"New geochronologic and thermochronologic data from rocks near Hatcher Pass, southwest Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska, record earliest Paleocene erosional and structural exhumation on the flank of the active Cook Inlet forearc basin. Cretaceous plutons shed sediments to the south, forming the Paleocene Arkose Ridge Formation. A Paleocene(?)-Eocene detachment fault juxtaposed ~60 Ma metamorphic rocks with the base of the Arkose Ridge Formation. U-Pb (analyzed by Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro Probe Reverse Geometry (SHRIMP-RG)) zircon ages of the Cretaceous plutons, more diverse than previously documented, are 90.3±0.3 (previously considered a Jurassic unit), 79.1±1.0, 76.1±0.9, 75.8±0.7, 72.5±0.4, 71.9±0.3, 70.5±0.2, and 67.3±0.2 Ma. The cooling of these plutons occurred between 72 and 66 Ma (zircon fission track (FT) closure ~225°C). 40Ar/39Ar analyses of hornblende, white mica, and biotite fall into this range (Harlan and others, 2003). New apatite FT data collected on a west-to-east transect reveal sequential exhumation of fault blocks at 62.8±2.9, 54±2.5, 52.6±2.8, and 44.4±2.2 Ma. Plutonic clasts accumulated in the Paleocene Arkose Ridge Formation to the south. Detrital zircon (DZ) ages from the formation reflect this provenance: a new sample yielded one grain at 61 Ma, a dominant peak at 76 Ma, and minor peaks at 70, 80, 88, and 92 Ma. The oldest zircon is 181 Ma. Our apatite FT ages range from 35.1 to 50.9 Ma. Greenschist facies rocks now sit structurally between the plutonic rocks and the Arkose Ridge Formation. They are separated from plutonic rocks by the vertical Hatcher Pass fault and from the sedimentary rocks by a detachment fault. Ar cooling ages (Harlan and others, 2003) and new zircon FT ages for these rocks are concordant at 61-57 Ma, synchronous with deposition of the Arkose Ridge Formation. A cooling age of ~46 Ma came from one apatite FT sample. The metamorphic protolith (previously considered Jurassic) was deposited at or after 75 Ma based on new DZ data. The probability curve has a major peak from 76 to 102 Ma, minor peaks at 186, 197, 213, 303, 346, and 1,828, and two discordant grains at ~2,700 Ma. This is similar to DZ populations in the Valdez Group. The short period of time between deposition, metamorphism, and exhumation are consistent with metamorphism in a subduction-zone setting. Ductile and brittle structures in the metamorphic rocks are consistent with exhumation in a transtensional setting.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121232","usgsCitation":"Bleick, H.A., Till, A.B., Bradley, D., O’Sullivan, P., Wooden, J.L., Bradley, D.B., Taylor, T.A., Friedman, S.B., and Hults, C.P., 2012, Early Tertiary exhumation of the flank of a forearc basin, southwest Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1232, 1 Sheet: 72.2 x 37 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121232.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 72.2 x 37 inches","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1232.gif"},{"id":263210,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1232/"},{"id":263211,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1232/of2012-1232.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Talkeetna Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -149.00,61.67 ], [ -149.00,61.93 ], [ -149.58,61.93 ], [ -149.58,61.67 ], [ -149.00,61.67 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a76075e4b0e93eb366ee43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bleick, Heather A. hbleick@usgs.gov","contributorId":2484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleick","given":"Heather","email":"hbleick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Till, Alison B. atill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"Alison","email":"atill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Sullivan, Paul","contributorId":107576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Sullivan","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wooden, Joe L.","contributorId":22210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradley, Dan B.","contributorId":44429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taylor, Theresa A.","contributorId":51440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Friedman, Sam B.","contributorId":90987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Sam","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hults, Chad P. chults@usgs.gov","contributorId":1930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hults","given":"Chad","email":"chults@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70043929,"text":"70043929 - 2012 - An accessible method for implementing hierarchical models with spatio-temporal abundance data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T11:02:04","indexId":"70043929","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An accessible method for implementing hierarchical models with spatio-temporal abundance data","docAbstract":"A common goal in ecology and wildlife management is to determine the causes of variation in population dynamics over long periods of time and across large spatial scales. Many assumptions must nevertheless be overcome to make appropriate inference about spatio-temporal variation in population dynamics, such as autocorrelation among data points, excess zeros, and observation error in count data. To address these issues, many scientists and statisticians have recommended the use of Bayesian hierarchical models. Unfortunately, hierarchical statistical models remain somewhat difficult to use because of the necessary quantitative background needed to implement them, or because of the computational demands of using Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms to estimate parameters. Fortunately, new tools have recently been developed that make it more feasible for wildlife biologists to fit sophisticated hierarchical Bayesian models (i.e., Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation, ‘INLA’). We present a case study using two important game species in North America, the lesser and greater scaup, to demonstrate how INLA can be used to estimate the parameters in a hierarchical model that decouples observation error from process variation, and accounts for unknown sources of excess zeros as well as spatial and temporal dependence in the data. Ultimately, our goal was to make unbiased inference about spatial variation in population trends over time.","largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0049395","usgsCitation":"Ross, B., Hooten, M.B., and Koons, D.N., 2012, An accessible method for implementing hierarchical models with spatio-temporal abundance data: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 11, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049395.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-037978","costCenters":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049395","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049395"}],"volume":"7","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f30ae4b04edf7e93f841","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Beth E.","contributorId":56124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Beth E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Melvin B.","contributorId":45978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koons, David N.","contributorId":28137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040797,"text":"sir20125214 - 2012 - Water-quality assessment and macroinvertebrate data for the Upper Yampa River watershed, Colorado, 1975 through 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-16T18:35:23","indexId":"sir20125214","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5214","title":"Water-quality assessment and macroinvertebrate data for the Upper Yampa River watershed, Colorado, 1975 through 2009","docAbstract":"A study was initiated in 2009 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Routt County, the Colorado Water Conservation Board, and the City of Steamboat Springs, to compile and analyze historic water-quality data and assess water-quality conditions in the Upper Yampa River watershed (UYRW) in northwestern Colorado. Water-quality data for samples collected by federal, state, and local agencies for various periods from 1975 through 2009 were compiled and assessed for streams, lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater in the UYRW, including the Elkhead Creek subwatershed and the Yampa River watershed that is upstream from Elkhead Creek. For selected physical-property and chemical-constituent data for samples collected from surface-water sites and groundwater wells in the UYRW, this report: (1) characterizes available data through statistical summaries, (2) analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of water-quality conditions, (3) identifies temporal trends in water quality, where possible, (4) provides comparisons to federal and state water-quality standards and recommendations, and (5) identifies factors affecting the quality of water. In addition, the availability and characteristics of macroinvertebrate data collected in the UYRW are described.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125214","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Routt County, the Colorado Water Conservation Board, and the City of Steamboat Springs","usgsCitation":"Bauch, N.J., Moore, J.L., Schaffrath, K.R., and Dupree, J.A., 2012, Water-quality assessment and macroinvertebrate data for the Upper Yampa River watershed, Colorado, 1975 through 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5214, vii, 129 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125214.","productDescription":"vii, 129 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"140","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1975-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5214.gif"},{"id":263251,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5214/"},{"id":263252,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5214/sir2012-5214.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Yampa River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,39.8 ], [ -107.5,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -106.5,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -106.5,39.8 ], [ -107.5,39.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a7608be4b0e93eb366ee56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauch, Nancy J. 0000-0002-0302-2892 njbauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-2892","contributorId":1297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauch","given":"Nancy","email":"njbauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Jennifer L.","contributorId":68447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaffrath, Keelin R.","contributorId":7552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffrath","given":"Keelin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dupree, Jean A. dupree@usgs.gov","contributorId":2563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"Jean","email":"dupree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":469044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040741,"text":"ofr20121224 - 2012 - Phase 1 freshwater mussel survey and comparison to historical surveys at the Pond Eddy bridge, Delaware River, New York and Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T13:00:49","indexId":"ofr20121224","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1224","title":"Phase 1 freshwater mussel survey and comparison to historical surveys at the Pond Eddy bridge, Delaware River, New York and Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A qualitative freshwater mussel survey was conducted in a section of the main stem Delaware River near the Pond Eddy Bridge site, New York and Pennsylvania, during summer 2011 to assess population levels of state and Federal threatened and endangered species. Historical data that were collected at this site were compared to data from the 2011 survey to assess changes in mussel community composition and differences in survey methodology. A total of 4,080 mussels of three species - Elliptio complanata, Anodonta implicata, and Strophitus undulatus - were sampled at the Pond Eddy Bridge site in 2011. No mussel species (Alasmidonta heterodon or Alasmidonta varicosa) that are on Federal or state lists of threatened or endangered species or their shells were collected in this survey. These results are comparable to historical surveys at the site, with some differences in estimated catch per unit effort (CPUE) and species detection, depending upon survey methodology. The CPUE of the three species and species richness and diversity were evaluated. The percentages of species composition for A. implicata, E. complanata, and S. undulatus were 0.02, 0.97, and 0.002, respectively, in 2011.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Galbraith, H.S., 2012, Phase 1 freshwater mussel survey and comparison to historical surveys at the Pond Eddy bridge, Delaware River, New York and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1224, vi, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121224.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1224.png"},{"id":263209,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1224/support/of2012-1224.pdf"},{"id":263208,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1224/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York;Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River;Pond Eddy Bridge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.0,41.25 ], [ -75.0,41.75 ], [ -74.25,41.75 ], [ -74.25,41.25 ], [ -75.0,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a61d3ae4b0d446a665c9ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galbraith, Heather S. 0000-0003-3704-3517 hgalbraith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":4519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Heather","email":"hgalbraith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040795,"text":"sir20125056 - 2012 - Preliminary assessment of sources of nitrogen in groundwater at a biosolids-application area near Deer Trail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-16T16:21:09","indexId":"sir20125056","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5056","title":"Preliminary assessment of sources of nitrogen in groundwater at a biosolids-application area near Deer Trail","docAbstract":"Concentrations of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate increased fairly steadily in samples from four shallow groundwater monitoring wells after biosolids applications to nonirrigated farmland began in 1993. The U.S. Geological Survey began a preliminary assessment of sources of nitrogen in shallow groundwater at part of the biosolids-application area near Deer Trail, Colorado, in 2005 in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District. Possible nitrogen sources in the area include biosolids, animal manure, inorganic fertilizer, atmospheric deposition, and geologic materials (bedrock and soil). Biosolids from the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District plant in Denver and biosolids, cow manure, geologic materials (bedrock and soil), and groundwater from the study area were sampled to measure nitrogen content and nitrogen isotopic compositions of nitrate or total nitrogen. Biosolids also were leached, and the leachates were analyzed for nitrogen content and other concentrations. Geologic materials from the study area also were sampled to determine mineralogy. Estimates of nitrogen contributed from inorganic fertilizer and atmospheric deposition were calculated from other published reports.\n\nThe nitrogen information from the study indicates that each of the sources contain sufficient nitrogen to potentially affect groundwater nitrate concentrations. Natural processes can transform the nitrogen in any of the sources to nitrate in the groundwater. Load calculations indicate that animal manure, inorganic fertilizer, or atmospheric deposition could have contributed the largest nitrogen load to the study area in the 13 years before biosolids applications began, but biosolids likely contributed the largest nitrogen load to the study area in the 13 years after biosolids applications began.\n\nVarious approaches provided insights into sources of nitrate in the groundwater samples from 2005. The isotopic data indicate that, of the source materials considered, biosolids and (or) animal manure were the most likely sources of nitrate in the wells at the time of sampling (2005), and that inorganic fertilizer, atmospheric deposition, and geologic materials were not substantial sources of nitrate in the wells in 2005. The large total nitrogen content of the biosolids and animal-manure samples and biosolids leachates also indicates that the biosolids and animal manure had potential to leach nitrogen and produce large dissolved nitrate concentrations in groundwater. The available data, however, could not be used to distinguish between biosolids or manure as the dominant source of nitrate in the groundwater because the nitrogen isotopic composition of the two materials is similar. Major-ion data also could not be used to distinguish between biosolids or manure as the dominant source of nitrate in the groundwater because the major-ion composition (as well as the isotopic composition) of the two materials is similar. Without additional data, chloride/bromide mass ratios do not necessarily support or refute the hypothesis that biosolids and (or) animal manure were the primary sources of nitrate in water from the study-area wells in 2005. Concentrations of water-extractable nitrate in the soil indicate that biosolids could be an important source of nitrate in the groundwater recharge. Nitrogen inventories in the soil beneath biosolids-application areas and the nitrogen-input estimates for the study area both support the comparisons of isotopic composition, which indicate that some type of human waste (such as biosolids) and (or) animal manure was the source of nitrate in groundwater sampled from the wells in 2005. The nitrogen-load estimates considered with the nitrogen isotopic data and the soil-nitrogen inventories indicate that biosolids applications likely are a major source of nitrogen to the shallow groundwater at these monitoring wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125056","usgsCitation":"Yager, T., and McMahon, P.B., 2012, Preliminary assessment of sources of nitrogen in groundwater at a biosolids-application area near Deer Trail: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5056, iv, 30 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125056.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263248,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5056/"},{"id":263249,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5056/sir2012-5056.pdf"},{"id":263250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5056.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Deer Trail","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.054766,39.595041 ], [ -104.054766,39.627831 ], [ -104.033176,39.627831 ], [ -104.033176,39.595041 ], [ -104.054766,39.595041 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a7607ee4b0e93eb366ee4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Tracy J.B.","contributorId":10861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Tracy J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156811,"text":"70156811 - 2012 - Expanding biological data standards development processes for US IOOS: visual line transect observing community for mammal, bird, and turtle data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T14:42:37.32003","indexId":"70156811","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Expanding biological data standards development processes for US IOOS: visual line transect observing community for mammal, bird, and turtle data","docAbstract":"The US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) has recently adopted standards for biological core variables in collaboration with the US Geological Survey/Ocean Biogeographic Information System (USGS/OBIS-USA) and other federal and non-federal partners. 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Previously published information from a hydrogeologic framework, a potentiometric-surface map, and groundwater budgets was compared to a surficial heat-flow map. Comparisons between regional groundwater flow patterns and surficial heat flow indicate a strong spatial relation between regional groundwater movement and surficial heat distribution. Combining aquifer geometry and heat-flow maps, a selected group of subareas within the eastern Great Basin are identified that have high surficial heat flow and are underlain by a sequence of thick basin-fill deposits and permeable carbonate aquifers. 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2012 - Micrometeorological, evapotranspiration, and soil-moisture data at the Amargosa Desert Research site in Nye County near Beatty, Nevada, 2006-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-17T12:53:07","indexId":"ds725","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"725","title":"Micrometeorological, evapotranspiration, and soil-moisture data at the Amargosa Desert Research site in Nye County near Beatty, Nevada, 2006-11","docAbstract":"This report describes micrometeorological, evapotranspiration, and soil-moisture data collected since 2006 at the Amargosa Desert Research Site adjacent to a low-level radio-active waste and hazardous chemical waste facility near Beatty, Nevada. Micrometeorological data include precipitation, solar radiation, net radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, saturated and ambient vapor pressure, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, near-surface soil temperature, soil-heat flux, and soil-water content. Evapotranspiration (ET) data include latent-heat flux, sensible-heat flux, net radiation, soil-heat flux, soil temperature, air temperature, vapor pressure, and other principal energy-budget data. Soil-moisture data include periodic measurements of volumetric water-content at experimental sites that represent vegetated native soil, devegetated native soil, and simulated waste disposal trenches - maximum measurement depths range from 5.25 to 29.25 meters. All data are compiled in electronic spreadsheets that are included with this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds725","usgsCitation":"Arthur, J.M., Johnson, M.J., Mayers, C.J., and Andraski, B.J., 2012, Micrometeorological, evapotranspiration, and soil-moisture data at the Amargosa Desert Research site in Nye County near Beatty, Nevada, 2006–11: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 725, 12 p.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Appendixes: A-G","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":354735,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/appendixUpdates.txt","text":"Appendix updates","description":"DS 725 Appendix Updates"},{"id":354734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/pdf/ds725.pdf","text":"Report","size":"566 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 725"},{"id":354736,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/data/ds725_appendixa.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"17 KB xlsx","description":"DS 725 Appendix A"},{"id":354737,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/data/ds725_appendixb.xlsx","text":"Appendix B","size":"395 KB xlsx","description":"DS 725 Appendix B"},{"id":354738,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/data/ds725_appendixc.xlsx","text":"Appendix C","size":"8.9 MB xlsx","description":"DS 725 Appendix C"},{"id":354739,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/data/ds725_appendixd.xlsx","text":"Appendix D","size":"170 KB xlsx","description":"DS 725 Appendix D"},{"id":354740,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/data/ds725_appendixe.xlsx","text":"Appendix E","size":"27.6 MB xlsx","description":"DS 725 Appendix E"},{"id":354741,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/data/ds725_appendixf.xlsx","text":"Appendix F","size":"79 KB xlsx","description":"DS 725 Appendix F"},{"id":354742,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/data/ds725_appendixg.xlsx","text":"Appendix G","size":"142 KB xlsx","description":"DS 725 Appendix G"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0,36.5 ], [ -117.0,37.0 ], [ -116.5,37.0 ], [ -116.5,36.5 ], [ -117.0,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: November 2012; Version 1.1: March 2015; Version 1.2: June 2018","contact":"Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, Nevada 89701
1. Ecologists have long been interested in the processes that determine patterns of species occurrence and co-occurrence. Potential short-comings of many existing empirical approaches that address these questions include a reliance on patterns of occurrence at a single time point, failure to account properly for imperfect detection and treating the environment as a static variable.
2. We fit detection and non-detection data collected from repeat visits using a dynamic site occupancy model that simultaneously accounts for the temporal dynamics of a focal prey species, its predators and its habitat. Our objective was to determine how disturbance and species interactions affect the co-occurrence probabilities of an endangered toad and recently introduced non-native predators in stream breeding habitats. For this, we determined statistical support for alternative processes that could affect co-occurrence frequency in the system.
3. We collected occurrence data at stream segments in two watersheds where streams were largely ephemeral and one watershed dominated by perennial streams. Co-occurrence probabilities of toads with non-native predators were related to disturbance frequency, with low co-occurrence in the ephemeral watershed and high co-occurrence in the perennial watershed. This occurred because once predators were established at a site, they were rarely lost from the site except in cases when the site dried out. Once dry sites became suitable again, toads colonized them much more rapidly than predators, creating a period of predator-free space.
4. We attribute the dynamics to a storage effect, where toads persisting outside the stream environment during periods of drought rapidly colonized sites when they become suitable again. Our results support that even in highly connected stream networks, temporal disturbance can structure frequencies with which breeding amphibians encounter non-native predators.
5. Dynamic multi-state occupancy models are a powerful tool for rigorously examining hypotheses about inter-species and species–habitat interactions. In contrast to previous methods that infer dynamic processes based on static patterns in occupancy, the approach we took allows the dynamic processes that determine species–species and species–habitat interactions to be directly estimated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02001.x","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., Brehme, C.S., Hines, J., Nichols, J., and Fisher, R.N., 2012, Joint estimation of habitat dynamics and species interactions: Disturbance reduces co-occurrence of non-native predators with an endangered toad: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 81, no. 6, p. 1288-1297, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02001.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1288","endPage":"1297","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-029983","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02001.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263102,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02001.x"}],"volume":"81","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3b9d8e4b0855e233c0716","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David A.W.","contributorId":19423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David A.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brehme, Cheryl S. 0000-0001-8904-3354 cbrehme@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-3354","contributorId":3419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brehme","given":"Cheryl","email":"cbrehme@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70040704,"text":"tm5B9 - 2012 - Determination of steroid hormones and related compounds in filtered and unfiltered water by solid-phase extraction, derivatization, and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T14:56:07","indexId":"tm5B9","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-B9","title":"Determination of steroid hormones and related compounds in filtered and unfiltered water by solid-phase extraction, derivatization, and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A new analytical method has been developed and implemented at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory that determines a suite of 20 steroid hormones and related compounds in filtered water (using laboratory schedule 2434) and in unfiltered water (using laboratory schedule 4434). This report documents the procedures and initial performance data for the method and provides guidance on application of the method and considerations of data quality in relation to data interpretation. The analytical method determines 6 natural and 3 synthetic estrogen compounds, 6 natural androgens, 1 natural and 1 synthetic progestin compound, and 2 sterols: cholesterol and 3--coprostanol. These two sterols have limited biological activity but typically are abundant in wastewater effluents and serve as useful tracers. Bisphenol A, an industrial chemical used primarily to produce polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins and that has been shown to have estrogenic activity, also is determined by the method.\n\nA technique referred to as isotope-dilution quantification is used to improve quantitative accuracy by accounting for sample-specific procedural losses in the determined analyte concentration. Briefly, deuterium- or carbon-13-labeled isotope-dilution standards (IDSs), all of which are direct or chemically similar isotopic analogs of the method analytes, are added to all environmental and quality-control and quality-assurance samples before extraction. Method analytes and IDS compounds are isolated from filtered or unfiltered water by solid-phase extraction onto an octadecylsilyl disk, overlain with a graded glass-fiber filter to facilitate extraction of unfiltered sample matrices. The disks are eluted with methanol, and the extract is evaporated to dryness, reconstituted in solvent, passed through a Florisil solid-phase extraction column to remove polar organic interferences, and again evaporated to dryness in a reaction vial. The method compounds are reacted with activated -methyl--trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide at 65 degrees Celsius for 1 hour to form trimethylsilyl or trimethylsilyl-enol ether derivatives that are more amenable to gas chromatographic separation than the underivatized compounds. Analysis is carried out by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry using calibration standards that are derivatized concurrently with the sample extracts.\n\nAnalyte concentrations are quantified relative to specific IDS compounds in the sample, which directly compensate for procedural losses (incomplete recovery) in the determined and reported analyte concentrations. Thus, reported analyte concentrations (or analyte recoveries for spiked samples) are corrected based on recovery of the corresponding IDS compound during the quantification process. Recovery for each IDS compound is reported for each sample and represents an absolute recovery in a manner comparable to surrogate recoveries for other organic methods used by the National Water Quality Laboratory. Thus, IDS recoveries provide a useful tool for evaluating sample-specific analytical performance from an absolute mass recovery standpoint. IDS absolute recovery will differ and typically be lower than the corresponding analyte’s method recovery in spiked samples. However, additional correction of reported analyte concentrations is unnecessary and inappropriate because the analyte concentration (or recovery) already is compensated for by the isotope-dilution quantification procedure.\n\nMethod analytes were spiked at 10 and 100 nanograms per liter (ng/L) for most analytes (10 times greater spike levels were used for bisphenol A and 100 times greater spike levels were used for 3--coprostanol and cholesterol) into the following validation-sample matrices: reagent water, wastewater-affected surface water, a secondary-treated wastewater effluent, and a primary (no biological treatment) wastewater effluent. Overall method recovery for all analytes in these matrices averaged 100 percent, with overall relative standard deviation of 28 percent. Mean recoveries of the 20 individual analytes for spiked reagent-water samples prepared along with field samples and analyzed in 2009–2010 ranged from 84–104 percent, with relative standard deviations of 6–36 percent. Concentrations for two analytes, equilin and progesterone, are reported as estimated because these analytes had excessive bias or variability, or both. Additional database coding is applied to other reported analyte data as needed, based on sample-specific IDS recovery performance.\n\nDetection levels were derived statistically by fortifying reagent water at six different levels (0.1 to 4 ng/L) and range from about 0.4 to 4 ng/L for 16 analytes. Interim reporting levels applied to analytes in this report range from 0.8 to 8 ng/L. Bisphenol A and the sterols (cholesterol and 3-beta-coprostanol) were consistently detected in laboratory and field blanks. The minimum reporting levels were set at 100 ng/L for bisphenol A and at 200 ng/L for the two sterols to prevent any bias associated with the presence of these compounds in the blanks. A minimum reporting level of 2 ng/L was set for 11-ketotestosterone to minimize false positive risk from an interfering siloxane compound emanating as chromatographic-column bleed, from vial septum material, or from other sources at no more than 1 ng/L.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5B9","collaboration":"Book 5, Chapter B9 of U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods","usgsCitation":"Foreman, W., Gray, J.L., ReVello, R., Lindley, C.E., Losche, S.A., and Barber, L.B., 2012, Determination of steroid hormones and related compounds in filtered and unfiltered water by solid-phase extraction, derivatization, and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-B9, x, 118 p.; ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5B9.","productDescription":"x, 118 p.; ill.","startPage":"i","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"131","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_5_B9.gif"},{"id":263089,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b9/TM5-B9.pdf"},{"id":263088,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b9/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3b9c4e4b0855e233c0706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"ReVello, Rhiannon C. rcrevell@usgs.gov","contributorId":4128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ReVello","given":"Rhiannon C.","email":"rcrevell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindley, Chris E. clindley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindley","given":"Chris","email":"clindley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Losche, Scott A. salosche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Losche","given":"Scott","email":"salosche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040706,"text":"sir20125183 - 2012 - Conceptual and numerical models of the glacial aquifer system north of Aberdeen, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:24:59","indexId":"sir20125183","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5183","title":"Conceptual and numerical models of the glacial aquifer system north of Aberdeen, South Dakota","docAbstract":"This U.S. Geological Survey report documents a conceptual and numerical model of the glacial aquifer system north of Aberdeen, South Dakota, that can be used to evaluate and manage the city of Aberdeen's water resources. The glacial aquifer system in the model area includes the Elm, Middle James, and Deep James aquifers, with intervening confining units composed of glacial till. The Elm aquifer ranged in thickness from less than 1 to about 95 feet (ft), with an average thickness of about 24 ft; the Middle James aquifer ranged in thickness from less than 1 to 91 ft, with an average thickness of 13 ft; and the Deep James aquifer ranged in thickness from less than 1 to 165 ft, with an average thickness of 23 ft. The confining units between the aquifers consisted of glacial till and ranged in thickness from 0 to 280 ft. The general direction of groundwater flow in the Elm aquifer in the model area was from northwest to southeast following the topography. Groundwater flow in the Middle James aquifer was to the southeast. Sparse data indicated a fairly flat potentiometric surface for the Deep James aquifer. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity for the Elm aquifer determined from aquifer tests ranged from 97 to 418 feet per day (ft/d), and a confined storage coefficient was determined to be 2.4x10-5. Estimates of the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the sediments separating the Elm River from the Elm aquifer, determined from the analysis of temperature gradients, ranged from 0.14 to 2.48 ft/d. Average annual precipitation in the model area was 19.6 inches per year (in/yr), and agriculture was the primary land use. Recharge to the Elm aquifer was by infiltration of precipitation through overlying outwash, lake sediments, and glacial till. The annual recharge for the model area, calculated by using a soil-water-balance method for water year (WY) 1975-2009, ranged from 0.028 inch in WY 1980 to 4.52 inches in WY 1986, with a mean of 1.56 inches. The annual potential evapotranspiration, calculated in soil-water-balance analysis, ranged from 21.8 inches in WY 1983 to 27.0 inches in WY 1985, with a mean of 24.6 inches. Water use from the glacial aquifer system primarily was from the Elm aquifer for irrigation, municipal, and suburban water supplies, and the annual rate ranged from 1.0 to 2.4 cubic feet per second (ft3/s). The MODFLOW-2005 numerical model represented the Elm aquifer, the Middle James aquifer, and the Deep James aquifer with model layers 1-3 respectively separated by confining layers 1-2 respectively. Groundwater flow was simulated with 75 stress periods beginning October 1, 1974, and ending September 30, 2009. Model grid spacing was 200 by 200 ft and boundaries were represented by specified-head boundaries and no-flow boundaries. The model used parameter estimation that focused on minimizing the difference between 954 observed and simulated hydraulic heads for 135 wells. Calibrated mean horizontal hydraulic conductivity values for model layers 1-3 were 94, 41, and 30 ft/d respectively. Vertical hydraulic conductivity values for confining layers 1 and 2 were 0.0002 and 0.0003 ft/d, respectively. Calibrated specific yield for model layer 1was 0.1 and specific storage ranged from 0.0003 to 0.0005 per foot. Calibrated mean recharge rates ranged from 2.5 in/yr where glacial till thickness was less than 10 ft to 0.8 in/yr where glacial till thickness was greater than 30 ft. Calibrated mean annual evapotranspiration rate was 8.8 in/yr. Simulated net streamflow gain from model layer 1 was 3.1 ft3/s.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125183","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Aberdeen","usgsCitation":"Marini, K.A., Hoogestraat, G., Aurand, K.R., and Putnam, L.D., 2012, Conceptual and numerical models of the glacial aquifer system north of Aberdeen, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5183, x, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125183.","productDescription":"x, 98 p.","numberOfPages":"112","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5183.gif"},{"id":263090,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5183/"},{"id":263091,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5183/sir2012-5183.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 14 North","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Aberdeen","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.67,45.583 ], [ -98.67,45.25 ], [ -98.17,45.25 ], [ -98.17,45.583 ], [ -98.67,45.583 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3b9c0e4b0855e233c0702","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marini, Katrina A.","contributorId":90181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marini","given":"Katrina","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoogestraat, Galen K.","contributorId":22442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogestraat","given":"Galen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aurand, Katherine R. kaurand@usgs.gov","contributorId":2713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aurand","given":"Katherine","email":"kaurand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Putnam, Larry D. ldputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Larry","email":"ldputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040798,"text":"70040798 - 2012 - Mapping the potential distribution of the invasive Red Shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) across waterways of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-19T12:00:46","indexId":"70040798","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":868,"text":"Aquatic Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the potential distribution of the invasive Red Shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) across waterways of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Predicting the future spread of non-native aquatic species continues to be a high priority for natural resource managers striving to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem function. Modeling the potential distributions of alien aquatic species through spatially explicit mapping is an increasingly important tool for risk assessment and prediction. Habitat modeling also facilitates the identification of key environmental variables influencing species distributions. We modeled the potential distribution of an aggressive invasive minnow, the red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis), in waterways of the conterminous United States using maximum entropy (Maxent). We used inventory records from the USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, native records for C. lutrensis from museum collections, and a geographic information system of 20 raster climatic and environmental variables to produce a map of potential red shiner habitat. Summer climatic variables were the most important environmental predictors of C. lutrensis distribution, which was consistent with the high temperature tolerance of this species. Results from this study provide insights into the locations and environmental conditions in the US that are susceptible to red shiner invasion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"REABIC","publisherLocation":"Helsinki, Finland","doi":"10.3391/ai.2012.7.3.009","usgsCitation":"Poulos, H.M., Chernoff, B., Fuller, P., and Butman, D., 2012, Mapping the potential distribution of the invasive Red Shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) across waterways of the conterminous United States: Aquatic Invasions, v. 7, no. 3, p. 377-385, https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2012.7.3.009.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"385","ipdsId":"IP-035517","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2012.7.3.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263263,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2012.7.3.009"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01611111111111111,5.555555555555556E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -67,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -67,5.555555555555556E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,5.555555555555556E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50abfc1ce4b0afbc75eb985e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poulos, Helen M.","contributorId":75271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulos","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chernoff, Barry","contributorId":25701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernoff","given":"Barry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Pam L. 0000-0002-9389-9144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-9144","contributorId":91226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Pam L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butman, David","contributorId":51011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040691,"text":"sir20125240 - 2012 - Concentrations, loads, and yields of select constituents from major tributaries of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers in Iowa, water years 2004-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-09T09:11:28","indexId":"sir20125240","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5240","title":"Concentrations, loads, and yields of select constituents from major tributaries of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers in Iowa, water years 2004-2008","docAbstract":"Excess nutrients, suspended-sediment loads, and the presence of pesticides in Iowa rivers can have deleterious effects on water quality in State streams, downstream major rivers, and the Gulf of Mexico. Fertilizer and pesticides are used to support crop growth on Iowa's highly productive agricultural landscape and for household and commercial lawns and gardens. Water quality was characterized near the mouths of 10 major Iowa tributaries to the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers from March 2004 through September 2008. Stream loads were calculated for select ions, nutrients, and sediment using approximately monthly samples, and samples from storm and snowmelt events. Water-quality samples collected using standard streamflow-integrated protocols were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, carbon, pesticides, and suspended sediment. Statistical data summaries of sample data used parametric and nonparametric techniques to address potential bias related to censored data and multiple levels of censoring of data below analytical detection limits. Constituent stream loads were computed using standard pre-defined models in S-LOADEST that include streamflow and time terms plus additional terms for streamflow variability and streamflow anomalies. Streamflow variability terms describe the difference in streamflow from recent average conditions, whereas streamflow anomaly terms account for deviations from average conditions from long- to short-term sequentially. Streamflow variability or anomaly terms were included in 44 of 80 site/constituent individual models, demonstrating the usefulness of these terms in increasing accuracy of the load estimates. Constituent concentrations in Iowa streams exhibit streamflow, seasonal, and spatial patterns related to the landform and climate gradients across the studied basins. The streamflow-concentration relation indicated dilution for ions such as chloride and sulfate. Other constituent concentrations, such as dissolved organic carbon and suspended sediment, increased with streamflow. Nitrogen concentrations (total nitrogen and nitrate plus nitrite) increased with low and moderate streamflows, but decreased with high streamflows. Seasonal patterns observed in constituent concentrations were affected by streamflow, algae blooms, and pesticide application. The various landform regions produced different water-quality responses across the study basins; for example, total phosphorus, suspended sediment, and turbidity were greatest from the steep, loess-dominated southwestern Iowa basins. Nutrient concentrations, though not regulated for drinking water at the study sites, were high compared to drinking-water limits and criteria for protection of aquatic life proposed for other Midwestern states (Iowa criteria for aquatic life have not been proposed). Nitrate plus nitrite concentrations exceeded the drinking-water limit [10 milligrams per liter (mg/L)] in 11 percent of all samples at the 10 sites, and exceeded Minnesota's proposed aquatic life criteria (4.9 mg/L) in 68 percent of samples. The Wisconsin standard for total phosphorus (0.1 mg/L) was exceeded in 92 percent of samples. Ammonia standards, current during sample collection and at publication of this report, for protection of aquatic life were met for all samples, but draft criteria proposed in 2009 to protect more sensitive species like mussels, were exceeded at three sites. Loads and yields also differed among sites and years. The Big Sioux, Little Sioux, and Des Moines Rivers produced the greatest sulfate yields. Mississippi River tributaries had greater chloride yields than Missouri River tributaries. The Big Sioux River also had the lowest silica yields and total nitrogen and nitrate yields, whereas nitrogen yields were greater in the northeastern rivers. The Boyer and Nishnabotna River total phosphorus yields were the greatest in the study. The Boyer River orthophosphate yields were greatest except in 2008, when the Maquoketa River produced the greatest yield. Rivers in southwestern Iowa's Western Loess Hills and Steeply Rolling Loess Prairie ecoregions had the greatest suspended-sediment yields, whereas the smallest yields were in the Big Sioux and Wapsipinicon Rivers. In the 10 Iowa rivers studied, combined annual total nitrogen stream transport ranged from 3.68 to 9.95 tons per square mile per year, and total phosphorus transport ranged from 0.138 to 0.570 tons per square mile per year. Six-month loads relative to fertilizer use ranged from 8 to 56 percent for nitrogen, and 1.0 to 11.1 percent for phosphorus. The smallest loads relative to fertilizer use for both nitrogen and phosphorus occurred in July-December of dry years, and the largest nitrogen and phosphorus loads relative to use were in wet years from January-June.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125240","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Garrett, J.D., 2012, Concentrations, loads, and yields of select constituents from major tributaries of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers in Iowa, water years 2004-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5240, vi, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125240.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-016631","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5240.gif"},{"id":263042,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5240/sir2012-5240.pdf"},{"id":263039,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5240/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Iowa;Minnesota;South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River;Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.0,40.0 ], [ -97.0,46.0 ], [ -85.0,46.0 ], [ -85.0,40.0 ], [ -97.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509e25f3e4b0cbd9af3af701","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrett, Jessica D. 0000-0002-4466-3709 jgarrett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-3709","contributorId":4229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Jessica","email":"jgarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040694,"text":"sim3228 - 2012 - Flood-inundation maps for the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-09T11:57:32","indexId":"sim3228","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3228","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 1.7-mile reach of the Leaf River were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Hattiesburg, City of Petal, Forrest County, Mississippi Emergency Management Agency, Mississippi Department of Homeland Security, and the Emergency Management District. The Leaf River study reach extends from just upstream of the U.S. Highway 11 crossing to just downstream of East Hardy/South Main Street and separates the cities of Hattiesburg and Petal, Mississippi. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to selected water-surface elevations (stages) at the USGS streamgage at Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi (02473000). Current conditions at the USGS streamgage may be obtained through the National Water Information System Web site at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ms/nwis/uv/?site_no=02473000&PARAmeter_cd=00065,00060. In addition, the information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood-warning system (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often collocated at USGS streamgages. The forecasted peak-stage information, available on the AHPS Web site, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. In this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated using the most current stage-discharge relations at the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi, streamgage and documented high-water marks from recent and historical floods. The hydraulic model was then used to determine 13 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1.0-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to approximately the highest recorded water-surface elevation at the streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model [derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data having a 0.6-foot vertical accuracy and 9.84-foot horizontal resolution] in order to delineate the area flooded at each 1-foot increment of stream stage. The availability of these maps, when combined with real-time stage information from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stage from the NWS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with critical information during flood-response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Hattiesburg, City of Petal, Forrest County, Mississippi Emergency Management Agency, Mississippi Department of Homeland Security, and the Emergency Management District","usgsCitation":"Storm, J.B., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3228, Pamphlet: vi, 8 p.; 13 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Downloads directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3228.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 8 p.; 13 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Downloads directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3228.jpg"},{"id":263052,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/download/"},{"id":263053,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":263054,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":263055,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet3.pdf"},{"id":263056,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet4.pdf"},{"id":263057,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet6.pdf"},{"id":263050,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/"},{"id":263051,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/pdf/sim_3228.pdf"},{"id":263058,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet5.pdf"},{"id":263059,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet7.pdf"},{"id":263060,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet8.pdf"},{"id":263061,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet9.pdf"},{"id":263062,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet10.pdf"},{"id":263063,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet11.pdf"},{"id":263064,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet12.pdf"},{"id":263065,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet13.pdf"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983 and North American Vergical Datum of 1988","country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Forrest County","otherGeospatial":"Leaf River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.32,31.3 ], [ -89.32,31.37 ], [ -89.25,31.37 ], [ -89.25,31.3 ], [ -89.32,31.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509e2601e4b0cbd9af3af70d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storm, John B. 0000-0002-5657-536X jbstorm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5657-536X","contributorId":3684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"John","email":"jbstorm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}