No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr75658","usgsCitation":"Peck, J.H., 1975, Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Clinton quadrangle, Worcester County, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-658, Report: 30 p.; 3 Plates: 19.36 × 28.03 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75658.","productDescription":"Report: 30 p.; 3 Plates: 19.36 × 28.03 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":398060,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94208.htm"},{"id":79035,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0658/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79034,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0658/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79033,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0658/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79036,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0658/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0658/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","county":"Worcester County","otherGeospatial":"Clinton quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.75,\n 42.375\n ],\n [\n -71.625,\n 42.375\n ],\n [\n -71.625,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -71.75,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -71.75,\n 42.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bd8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peck, John H.","contributorId":19615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13293,"text":"ofr75105 - 1975 - Hydrology for land-use planning: The Hillside area, Anchorage, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-11T21:50:42.482764","indexId":"ofr75105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-105","title":"Hydrology for land-use planning: The Hillside area, Anchorage, Alaska","docAbstract":"Rapid residential growth of the Hillside area, Anchorage, Alaska, may cause depletion of aquifers and a change in quality of water resources as a result of extensive development of small-lot tracts. Ground-water yields are low and may be locally inadequate for single family requirements where wells produce from bedrock in the eastern Hillside region. At lower altitudes single family water requirements of 3 to 10 gallons per minute or 0.2 to 0.6 litre per second usually can be obtained, but aquifers capable of being pumped at larger yields for public supplies are uncommon. However, in a few localities, wells do produce 40 to 300 gallons per minute or 2.5 to 19 litres per second from sand and gravel aquifers lying within thick sequences of glacial till. Streamflow within the Hillside area is inadequate as a significant source of water for public supply. Springs, swamps, and water-logged surficial sediments in the Hillside area are mainly caused by hilly terrain and low permeability of surficial materials.
The relative vulnerability of streams, lakes, and ground water to pollution caused by the discharge of liquid waste, particularly from onsite sewage-disposal systems, is moderate to high in about half the study area. At higher altitudes contamination of bedrock aquifers may occur if discharge of liquid wastes is not regulated. The deep sedimentary aquifers at lower altitudes are less susceptible to contamination. However, shallow groundwater bodies may become polluted by discharge of sewage effluent and, consequently, some deep wells may be contaminated by seepage down the outside of casings or through leaky casing joints and underground seals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr75105","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Greater Anchorage Area Borough","usgsCitation":"Dearborn, L.L., and Barnwell, W.W., 1975, Hydrology for land-use planning: The Hillside area, Anchorage, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-105, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75105.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0105/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":393069,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15092.htm"},{"id":423406,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Anchorage","otherGeospatial":"Hillside area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.803,\n 61.081\n ],\n [\n -149.697,\n 61.081\n ],\n [\n -149.697,\n 61.139\n ],\n [\n -149.803,\n 61.139\n ],\n [\n -149.803,\n 61.081\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604bdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dearborn, Larry L.","contributorId":66687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dearborn","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnwell, William W.","contributorId":73621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnwell","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15746,"text":"ofr75509 - 1975 - Ground water in the alluvium along the Kentucky River between Carrollton and Frankfort, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:47","indexId":"ofr75509","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-509","title":"Ground water in the alluvium along the Kentucky River between Carrollton and Frankfort, Kentucky","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[s.n.],","doi":"10.3133/ofr75509","usgsCitation":"Ryder, P.D., 1975, Ground water in the alluvium along the Kentucky River between Carrollton and Frankfort, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-509, 14 leaves :ill., map ;31 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75509.","productDescription":"14 leaves :ill., map ;31 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d7f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Paul D.","contributorId":60188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5728,"text":"pp941A - 1975 - Studies for seismic zonation of the San Francisco Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T12:04:33","indexId":"pp941A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"941","chapter":"A","title":"Studies for seismic zonation of the San Francisco Bay region","docAbstract":"The analyses presented in the preceding six papers show that the geologic setting of the San Francisco Bay region has a dominant influence on potential earthquake hazards. The strong correlation between geologic conditions and the amount of earthquake damage in 1906 emphasizes the importance of this influence and demonstrates the need for seismic zonation. Seismic zonation can provide the logical basis for preparation of special-purpose land-use maps that, with appropriate public policy, would be a significant step toward reducing the currently expected catastrophic effects of another great earthquake (Algermissen, 1972).
Seismic zonation requires a set of integrated multidisciplinary predictions about the geologic effects of potential earthquakes. To illustrate a strategy for making such predictions, a demonstration profile has been chosen perpendicular to a segment of the San Andreas fault, along which a magnitude 6.5 earthquake has been postulated. This profile includes a wide variety of geologic conditions and provides a means for application of the analyses presented in the preceding six papers.
Earthquake hazards to life and property originate from (1) surface faulting, (2) ground shaking, (3) flooding, (4) liquefaction, and (5) landsliding. The extent to which each of these geologic effects can be predicted for an earthquake of a given magnitude and location depends on the current state of the art. To illustrate techniques and data currently available, each effect is considered for the postulated earthquake.
This paper does not provide final estimates for the total earthquake hazard along the demonstration profile. Such an objective would require analysis of individual manmade structures as well as consideration of earthquakes of other sizes and locations. Instead, this paper illustrates the extent to which the above effects can be predicted for an earthquake of this given size and location. Such an analysis demonstrates a methodology for seismic zonation based on available data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp941A","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., 1975, Studies for seismic zonation of the San Francisco Bay region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 941, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp941A.","productDescription":"101 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":32308,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0941a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0941a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":151492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13268,"text":"ofr75450 - 1975 - Surface water availability, Pickens County, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:54","indexId":"ofr75450","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-450","title":"Surface water availability, Pickens County, Alabama","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75450","usgsCitation":"Davis, M.E., and Knight, A.L., 1975, Surface water availability, Pickens County, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-450, 14 leaves :ill., maps (some folded, col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75450.","productDescription":"14 leaves :ill., maps (some folded, col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Marvin E.","contributorId":36553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, Alfred L.","contributorId":34906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15831,"text":"ofr7560 - 1975 - Structure of continental margin off Mid-Atlantic states (Baltimore Canyon Trough)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15831,"text":"ofr7560 - 1975 - Structure of continental margin off Mid-Atlantic states (Baltimore Canyon Trough)","indexId":"ofr7560","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Structure of continental margin off Mid-Atlantic states (Baltimore Canyon Trough)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042824,"text":"70042824 - 1976 - Regional geologic framework off northeastern United States","indexId":"70042824","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Regional geologic framework off northeastern United States"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70042824,"text":"70042824 - 1976 - Regional geologic framework off northeastern United States","indexId":"70042824","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Regional geologic framework off northeastern United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T08:32:25","indexId":"ofr7560","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-60","title":"Structure of continental margin off Mid-Atlantic states (Baltimore Canyon Trough)","docAbstract":"Increasing interest in the Atlantic continental margin as a future petroleum province has resulted in several recent papers (Emmerich, 1974; Burk and Drake, 1974) that attempt to summarize the structure and stratigraphic framework of this area. Most papers tend to portray the margin as a wedge of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediment that thins at the edge of the shelf over a \"basement ridge\" and then thickens again under the continental rise. Off the northeastern United States, the sediment wedge under the shelf attains a thickness of 8-11 km in the Georges Bank basin (Schultz and Glover, 1974; Mattick and others, 1974; Sheridan, 1974b; Behrendt and others, 1974) and 12 km in thickness in the Baltimore Canyon trough off the middle Atlantic states of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and New Jersey (fig. 1). Seaward of the continental shelf and its sediment prism, Emery and Uchupi (1972, figs. 133-135) infer slump deposits (eroded in some areas) covering a buried ridge thought to extend from the Laurentian Channel to Cape Hatteras, where it splits in two. The lower slope and continental rise are inferred by Drake and later investigators to be a thick prism of deep sea sediment (turbidites, hemipelagic clays, slump deposits) overlying oceanic basement in a welt that parallels the continental edge and reaches a maximum thickness of 6 km (Emery and Uchupi, 1972, fig. 188).
Our purpose is to present the results of a geophysical survey across the margin seaward of the middle Atlantic states that comments on the structural - stratigraphic framework of the margin.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr7560","collaboration":"This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey standards or nomenclature","usgsCitation":"Schlee, J.S., Behrendt, J.C., Mattick, R.E., and Taylor, P.T., 1975, Structure of continental margin off Mid-Atlantic states (Baltimore Canyon Trough): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-60, 45 p. :ill., charts ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7560.","productDescription":"45 p. :ill., charts ;28 cm.","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259890,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0060/ofr197560.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"contact":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Extensive agricultural land clearing and drainage operations underway in a 650 square mile part of the Albemarle-Pamlico region--a 1,634 square mile peninsula in North Carolina lying between Albemarle Sound on the North and the Pamlico River on the south--are changing the hydrology of the area.
\nThe artificial drainage system being constructed in the region, although it will probably result in only a slight modification of the natural annual evapotranspiration, overland runoff, and ground-water discharge, will likely result in several important problems.
\nFirst, changes in the water quality of the sounds and estuaries resulting from the rapid runoff of storm waters may prove harmful to the fishery resources. Second, lowering of the water table may cause relatively rapid subsidence of the land surface in an irregular pattern in the extensive areas underlain by thick peat deposits as a result of biochemical oxidation, peat fires, and wind.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Raleigh, NC","doi":"10.3133/wri759","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Natural and Economic Resources","usgsCitation":"Heath, R., 1975, Hydrology of the Albemarle-Pamlico region, North Carolina : A preliminary report on the impact of agricultural developments: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 75-9, vi, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri759.","productDescription":"vi, 98 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri759.jpg"},{"id":323463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1975/0009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":" Albemarle-Pamlico region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.23388671874999,\n 34.57895241036945\n ],\n [\n -77.23388671874999,\n 36.54053616262899\n ],\n [\n -75.322265625,\n 36.54053616262899\n ],\n [\n -75.322265625,\n 34.57895241036945\n ],\n [\n -77.23388671874999,\n 34.57895241036945\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601f02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heath, Ralph C.","contributorId":53359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heath","given":"Ralph C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28764,"text":"wri7433 - 1975 - Evaluation of recharge potential near Indio, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T09:40:34","indexId":"wri7433","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-33","title":"Evaluation of recharge potential near Indio, California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey evaluated the feasibility of utilizing 8,000 acre-feet (9.9 cubic hectometres) of sewage effluent per year to recharge the ground water in a 25-square mile (65-square kilometre) area northwest of Indio, Calif. The depth to water in the area studied ranged from about 50 feet (15 metres) to more than 200 feet (61 metres). Dissolved-solids concentrations greater than 500 milligrams per litre exist in the shallow aquifers in the eastern and southern parts of the study area. The permeability of the shallow sediments ranges from 15 to 50 feet per day (5 to 15 metres per day). The eastern part of the area is underlain by fine-grained sediments that effectively separate the deep and shallow aquifers and would not be conducive to artificial recharge. In the western part of the area, sediments in the upper 100 feet (30 metres) are primarily sand. Considering all but economic factors, the most hydrologically favorable area for recharge is west of Washington Street and north of the Whitewater River.
Using three spreading pits on a rotating basis and assuming long-term infiltration rates of 2 feet per day (0.6 metre per day), an area of 33 acres (13 hectares) would be required to infiltrate 8,000 acre-feet (9.9 cubic hectometres) per year. At the recharge site, a water-level rise of about 36 feet (11 metres) due to recharge is expected.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7433","usgsCitation":"Moreland, J.A., 1975, Evaluation of recharge potential near Indio, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 74-33, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7433.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":358929,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0033/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Indio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.3587760925293,\n 33.70663387044635\n ],\n [\n -116.25097274780272,\n 33.70663387044635\n ],\n [\n -116.25097274780272,\n 33.77343983379775\n ],\n [\n -116.3587760925293,\n 33.77343983379775\n ],\n [\n -116.3587760925293,\n 33.70663387044635\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fabc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moreland, Joe A.","contributorId":48171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreland","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28575,"text":"wri7449 - 1975 - Hydraulic characteristics and water-supply potential of the aquifers in the vicinity of the wastewater treatment plant, South Bend, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T21:24:42.994659","indexId":"wri7449","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-49","title":"Hydraulic characteristics and water-supply potential of the aquifers in the vicinity of the wastewater treatment plant, South Bend, Indiana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7449","usgsCitation":"Marie, J.R., 1975, Hydraulic characteristics and water-supply potential of the aquifers in the vicinity of the wastewater treatment plant, South Bend, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 74-49, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7449.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393805,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34452.htm"},{"id":260332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0049/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":260331,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0049/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"South Bend","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.28421783447266,\n 41.7041906065988\n ],\n [\n -86.24713897705077,\n 41.7041906065988\n ],\n [\n -86.24713897705077,\n 41.74288345375358\n ],\n [\n -86.28421783447266,\n 41.74288345375358\n ],\n [\n -86.28421783447266,\n 41.7041906065988\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a31e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marie, James R.","contributorId":50503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marie","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":220,"text":"wsp2154 - 1975 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1970, Parts 4 and 5, St. Lawrence River basin, and Hudson Bay and Upper Mississippi River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:11","indexId":"wsp2154","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2154","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1970, Parts 4 and 5, St. Lawrence River basin, and Hudson Bay and Upper Mississippi River basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2154","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1975, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1970, Parts 4 and 5, St. Lawrence River basin, and Hudson Bay and Upper Mississippi River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2154, x, 482 p. ; 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2154.","productDescription":"x, 482 p. ; 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2154/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24831,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2154/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651831","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9410,"text":"ofr75178 - 1975 - Selected stratigraphic sections of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T19:33:03.32256","indexId":"ofr75178","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-178","title":"Selected stratigraphic sections of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas","docAbstract":"Information from 68 surface localities that I visited was used in the preparation of a report on the Cambrian and Ordovician rocks of Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas (Hayes, 1975). Descriptions of the stratigraphic sequence at many of these localities have been published in various reports and a majority of those descriptions are reasonably good if not excellent. The rocks at some other localities are either so poorly exposed or faulted or altered that neither useful nor trustworthy sections are measurable there. Included herein are descriptions of part or all of the Cambrian and Ordovician sequence at three localities where the sections have not been described previously in the literature, at two localities whose excellent sections have previously been presented only in generalized graphic form, and at five localities whose previously published descriptions are at considerable variance with my observations in some way (fig. 1). It is doubtful if interest in any of these sections is sufficiently widespread at this time to justify formal publication of these descriptions but they are presented here for those few persons who may have special interest in them. Enclosed in parentheses following the name of each section is the locality number used in my published report (Hayes, 1975).
Color terminology for the rocks are adapted from the Rock Color Chart. Bedding thicknesses, when not given in inches, are approximately as follows: thin-bedded for beds up to 6 inches thick, medium-bedded for beds 6 inches to 2 feet thick, thick-bedded for beds 2-5 feet thick; massive for beds more than 5 feet thick.
All the sections in this report were measured with the capable assistance of George C. Cone.
Fossil collections referred to in this report are described in Hayes (1975).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr75178","usgsCitation":"Hayes, P.T., 1975, Selected stratigraphic sections of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-178, i, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75178.","productDescription":"i, 51 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431153,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0178/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0178/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.34184692869019,\n 37.13766330653634\n ],\n [\n -114.34184692869019,\n 30.060916980452788\n ],\n [\n -102.23541617667809,\n 30.060916980452788\n ],\n [\n -102.23541617667809,\n 37.13766330653634\n ],\n [\n -114.34184692869019,\n 37.13766330653634\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f8229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Philip Thayer","contributorId":8071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"Thayer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1639,"text":"wsp2126 - 1975 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 9, Colorado River basin, v. 3, Lower Colorado River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp2126","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2126","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 9, Colorado River basin, v. 3, Lower Colorado River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"USGS,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2126","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1975, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 9, Colorado River basin, v. 3, Lower Colorado River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2126, 681 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2126.","productDescription":"681 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2126/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26706,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691b55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13901,"text":"ofr7519 - 1975 - A general outline of the water resources of the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T19:30:45.139729","indexId":"ofr7519","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-19","title":"A general outline of the water resources of the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington","docAbstract":"Increasing demands for water supplies, plans for irrigating new lands, proposals to divert water from the Yakima River by users downstream from the reservation, and ground-water problems have made an accounting of the overall availability of water very important to water management on the reservation. This report, which broadly outlines the water resources of the Toppenish Creek basin, has been developed as part of the cooperative study by the Tribal Council of the Yakima Indian Nation and the U.S. Geological Survey.
Precipitation averages about 20 inches a year over the basin but only about 2 inches fall during the April-September growing season. However, diversions from the Yakima River make the Toppenish Creek valley one of the best agricultural areas in the State.
Ground water in the basin occurs in three distinct units: the basalt, old valley fill deposits, and young valley fill deposits. Each unit is capable of yielding more than 1,000 gallons per minute to properly constructed wells. Water levels in wells tapping the young valley fill are higher under present (1974) irrigation conditions than they were in the past, but some water-level declines have occurred in the old valley fill in response to pumping. Water levels in the basalt wells in some areas have been lowered as much as 80 feet by pumping during the past 15 years. Some additional pumping in these areas can be allowed without lowering the water level more than a few feet if the amount of pumpage and spacing of wells are carefully controlled.
The young valley fill in the eastern part of the lower valley is the best source of ground water in the basin. The zones of coarse sand and gravel to depths of about 150 feet in this area can produce large quantities of water. Irrigation water, from the Yakima River which seeps into the ground, yearly builds up this ground-water supply. About 120,000 acre-feet of water goes into temporary storage each irrigation season in the young valley fill.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7519","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Yakima Tribal Council","usgsCitation":"Gregg, D.O., and Laird, L.B., 1975, A general outline of the water resources of the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-19, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7519.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431149,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0019/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Toppenish Creek basin, Yakima Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.25,\n 46.1\n ],\n [\n -120.1,\n 46.1\n ],\n [\n -120.1,\n 46.6\n ],\n [\n -121.25,\n 46.6\n ],\n [\n -121.25,\n 46.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae80a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregg, Dean O.","contributorId":28577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laird, Leslie Bostwick","contributorId":101251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laird","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"Bostwick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":63518,"text":"gp904 - 1975 - Simple Bouguer gravity map of part of the Carolina slate belt including the Haile and Brewer mine areas, north-central South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-16T20:56:03.030253","indexId":"gp904","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"904","title":"Simple Bouguer gravity map of part of the Carolina slate belt including the Haile and Brewer mine areas, north-central South Carolina","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp904","usgsCitation":"Popenoe, P., and Bell, H., 1975, Simple Bouguer gravity map of part of the Carolina slate belt including the Haile and Brewer mine areas, north-central South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 904, 1 Plate: 23.95 x 31.28 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp904.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 23.95 x 31.28 in","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":492375,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6249.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":253156,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0904/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":249646,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0904/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":249645,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0904/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"25000","country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Carolina slate belt including the Haile and Brewer mine areas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81,\n 34.875\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -80.25,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -80.25,\n 34.875\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 34.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3973","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Popenoe, Peter","contributorId":62206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":269029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, Henry III","contributorId":37710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Henry","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":269028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":63407,"text":"gq1260 - 1975 - Geologic map of the Poker Peak quadrangle, Bonneville County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:47","indexId":"gq1260","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1260","title":"Geologic map of the Poker Peak quadrangle, Bonneville County, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq1260","usgsCitation":"Albee, H., and Cullins, H.L., 1975, Geologic map of the Poker Peak quadrangle, Bonneville County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1260, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1260.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107688,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10796.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10796"},{"id":249502,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1260/report.pdf","size":"70","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1260/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.25,43.1175 ], [ -111.25,43.25 ], [ -111.11749999999999,43.25 ], [ -111.11749999999999,43.1175 ], [ -111.25,43.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db69167a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albee, Howard F.","contributorId":64252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albee","given":"Howard F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cullins, Henry L.","contributorId":23149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullins","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14609,"text":"ofr7532 - 1975 - An appraisal of groundwater for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14609,"text":"ofr7532 - 1975 - An appraisal of groundwater for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota","indexId":"ofr7532","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"An appraisal of groundwater for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2085,"text":"wsp2039B - 1976 - An appraisal of ground water for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota","indexId":"wsp2039B","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"An appraisal of ground water for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2085,"text":"wsp2039B - 1976 - An appraisal of ground water for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota","indexId":"wsp2039B","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"An appraisal of ground water for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T19:29:32.465703","indexId":"ofr7532","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-32","title":"An appraisal of groundwater for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"Supplemental irrigation of well-drained sandy soils has prompted an evaluation of ground water in the Appleton area. Glacial drift aquifers are the largest source of ground water. The surficial outwash sand and gravel is the most readily available and a really extensive drift aquifer and underlies much of the sandy soil area. Saturated thickness of the outwash is more than 80 feet (24 metres) in places and potential well yields may exceed 1,200 gallons per minute (76 litres per second) in some areas. In about 17 percent of the area, yields of more than 300 gallons per minute (19 litres per second) are obtainable.
Recharge to the outwash aquifer occurs primarily during the spring thaw and averages about 5 inches (12.7 centimetres) annually. Most discharge from the aquifer appears as base flow in the Pomme de Terre River. Despite dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from 280 to 1,350 milligrams per litre the water is chemically suitable for irrigation.
The flow of water throughout the year and the stream gradient are necessary considerations in evaluating the recreational potential of the lower Wisconsin River. This flow is regulated in part by the dam at Prairie du Sac and influenced considerably by the 47 storage reservoirs and power dams above Lake Wisconsin. The river's gradient and flow characteristics can be illustrated by a river profile and graphs of flow durations, 7-day low flows, and flood-flow recurrence (Hindall and Borman, 1974). Sufficient streamflow data to develop meaningful graphs were available for the gaging site at Muscoda, about the midpoint of the river reach being studied.
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