This map is a compilation of aeromagnetic surveys over Yukon and eastern Alaska. Aeromagnetic surveys measure the total intensity of the earth's magnetic field. The field was measured by a magnetometer aboard an aircraft flown in parallel lines spaced at 200 m to 10000 m across the map area. The magnetic field reflects magnetic properties of bedrock and provides qualitative and quantitative information used in geological mapping. Understanding the geology will help geologists map the area, assist mineral/hydrocarbon exploration activities, and provide useful information necessary for communities, aboriginal associations, and government to make land use decisions. This survey was flown to improve our knowledge of the area. It will support ongoing geological mapping and resource assessment.
","language":"English, French","publisher":"Geological Survey of Canada","doi":"10.4095/301695","usgsCitation":"Miles, W., Saltus, R.W., Hayward, N., and Oneschuk, D., 2017, Alaska and Yukon magnetic compilation, residual total magnetic field: Open File 7862, 52.79 x 35.26 inches, https://doi.org/10.4095/301695.","productDescription":"52.79 x 35.26 inches","ipdsId":"IP-062639","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4095/301695","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection, zone 7N (NAD83)","country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 68\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fae3e4b06e28e9c228f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, W.","contributorId":201441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miles","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saltus, Richard W. saltus@usgs.gov","contributorId":777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"Richard","email":"saltus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayward, Nathan","contributorId":201439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayward","given":"Nathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oneschuk, D.","contributorId":201440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oneschuk","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70116352,"text":"pp1802K - 2017 - Lithium","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70116352,"text":"pp1802K - 2017 - Lithium","indexId":"pp1802K","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"Lithium"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70158974,"text":"pp1802 - 2017 - Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply","indexId":"pp1802","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70158974,"text":"pp1802 - 2017 - Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply","indexId":"pp1802","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T14:01:04","indexId":"pp1802K","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-19T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1802","chapter":"K","title":"Lithium","docAbstract":"Lithium, the lightest of all metals, is used in air treatment, batteries, ceramics, glass, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are particularly important in efforts to reduce global warming because they make it possible to power cars and trucks from renewable sources of energy (for example, hydroelectric, solar, or wind) instead of by burning fossil fuels. Today, lithium is extracted from brines that are pumped from beneath arid sedimentary basins and extracted from granitic pegmatite ores. The leading producer of lithium from brine is Chile, and the leading producer of lithium from pegmatites is Australia. Other potential sources of lithium include clays, geothermal brines, oilfield brines, and zeolites. Worldwide resources of lithium are estimated to be more than 39 million metric tons, which is enough to meet projected demand to the year 2100. The United States is not a major producer at present but has significant lithium resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1802K","isbn":"978-1-4113-3991-0","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D.C., Stillings, L.L., Jaskula, B.W., Munk, LeeAnn, and McCauley, A.D., 2017, Lithium, chap. K of Schulz, K.J., DeYoung, J.H., Jr., Seal, R.R., II, and Bradley, D.C., eds., Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802, p. K1–K21, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1802K.","productDescription":"viii, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051901","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334589,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/k/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":334590,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/k/pp1802k.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1802 K"}],"contact":"Mineral Resources Program Coordinator
U.S. Geological Survey
913 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: minerals@usgs.gov
https://minerals.usgs.gov
Antimony is an important mineral commodity used widely in modern industrialized societies. The element imparts strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance to alloys that are used in many areas of industry, including in lead-acid storage batteries. Antimony’s leading use is as a fire retardant in safety equipment and in household goods, such as mattresses. The U.S. Government has considered antimony to be a critical mineral mainly because of its use in military applications. The great majority of the world’s antimony comes from China, and much of the remainder is shipped to China for smelting. Antimony resources are unevenly distributed around the world. China has the bulk of the world’s identified resources; other countries that have identified antimony resources include Bolivia, Canada, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Tajikistan, and Turkey. Resources in the United States are located mainly in Alaska, Idaho, Montana, and Nevada. The most significant antimony mineral deposits occur in geologic environments with a thick sequence of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks in areas with significant fault and fracture systems. The most common antimony ore mineral is stibnite (Sb2 S3 ), but more than 100 other minerals also contain antimony. The presence of antimony in surface waters and groundwaters results primarily from rock weathering, soil runoff, and anthropogenic sources. Global emissions of antimony to the atmosphere average 6,100 metric tons per year. Empirical data suggest that the acid-generating potential of antimony mine waste is low.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1802C","isbn":"978-1-4113-3991-0","usgsCitation":"Seal, R.R., II, Schulz, K.J., and DeYoung, J.H., Jr., with contributions from David M. Sutphin, Lawrence J. Drew, James F. Carlin, Jr., and Byron R. Berger, 2017, Antimony, chap. C of Schulz, K.J., DeYoung, J.H., Jr., Seal, R.R., II, and Bradley, D.C., eds., Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802, p. C1–C17, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1802C.","productDescription":"vii, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-078901","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352475,"rank":3,"type":{"id":12,"text":"Errata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/pp1802_erratum-march132018.txt","text":"Erratum","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":339520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/c/coverthb1.jpg"},{"id":339513,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/c/pp1802c.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1802 C"}],"contact":"Mineral Resources Program Coordinator
U.S. Geological Survey
913 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: minerals@usgs.gov
https://minerals.usgs.gov
Zirconium and hafnium are corrosion-resistant metals that are widely used in the chemical and nuclear industries. Most zirconium is consumed in the form of the main ore mineral zircon (ZrSiO4, or as zirconium oxide or other zirconium chemicals. Zirconium and hafnium are both refractory lithophile elements that have nearly identical charge, ionic radii, and ionic potentials. As a result, their geochemical behavior is generally similar. Both elements are classified as incompatible because they have physical and crystallochemical properties that exclude them from the crystal lattices of most rock-forming minerals. Zircon and another, less common, ore mineral, baddeleyite (ZrO2), form primarily as accessory minerals in igneous rocks. The presence and abundance of these ore minerals in igneous rocks are largely controlled by the element concentrations in the magma source and by the processes of melt generation and evolution. The world’s largest primary deposits of zirconium and hafnium are associated with alkaline igneous rocks, and, in one locality on the Kola Peninsula of Murmanskaya Oblast, Russia, baddeleyite is recovered as a byproduct of apatite and magnetite mining. Otherwise, there are few primary igneous deposits of zirconium- and hafnium-bearing minerals with economic value at present. The main ore deposits worldwide are heavy-mineral sands produced by the weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks and the concentration of zircon and other economically important heavy minerals, such as ilmenite and rutile (for titanium), chromite (for chromium), and monazite (for rare-earth elements) in sedimentary systems, particularly in coastal environments. In coastal deposits, heavy-mineral enrichment occurs where sediment is repeatedly reworked by wind, waves, currents, and tidal processes. The resulting heavy-mineral-sand deposits, called placers or paleoplacers, preferentially form at relatively low latitudes on passive continental margins and supply 100 percent of the world’s zircon. Zircon makes up a relatively small percentage of the economic heavy minerals in most deposits and is produced primarily as a byproduct of heavy-mineral-sand mining for titanium minerals.
From 2003 to 2012, world zirconium mineral concentrates production increased by more than 40 percent, and Australia and South Africa were the leading producers. Global consumption of zirconium mineral concentrates generally increased during the same time period, largely as a result of increased demand in developing economies in Asia and the Middle East. Global demand weakened in 2012, causing a decrease in world production of zirconium mineral concentrates and delaying the development of several new mining projects. Global consumption is expected to increase in the future, however, as demand from the ceramics, chemicals, and metals industries increases (driven by renewed growth in developing economies) and demand for zirconium and hafnium metal increases (driven by the construction and operation of new nuclear powerplants).
The behaviors of zirconium and hafnium in the environment are very similar to one another in that most zirconium- and hafnium-bearing minerals have limited solubility and reactivity. Anthropogenic sources of zirconium, and likely hafnium, are from industrial zirconium-containing byproducts and emissions from the processing of sponge zirconium, and exposure to the general population from these sources is small. Zirconium and hafnium are likely not essential to human health and generally are considered to be of low toxicity to humans. The main exposure risks are associated with industrial inhalation and dermal exposure. Because of the low solubility of zirconium and hafnium, ecological health concerns in the aquatic environment and in soils are minimal. Heavy-mineral-sand mining may lead to increased erosion rates when the mining is managed improperly. In addition, surface mining requires removal of the overlying organic soil layer and produces waste material that includes tailings and slimes. The soil removal and mining activity disturbs the surrounding ecosystem and alters the character of the landscape. Dry mineral separation processes create high amounts of airborne dust, whereas wet mineral separation processes do not. In operations that restore the landscape to pre-mining conditions, the volume of waste and the impact on the landscape may be relatively temporary.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1802V","isbn":"978-1-4113-3991-0","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.V., III, Piatak, N.M., and Bedinger, G.M., 2017, Zirconium and hafnium, chap. V of Schulz, K.J., DeYoung, J.H., Jr., Seal, R.R., II, and Bradley, D.C., eds., Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802, p. V1–V26, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1802V.","productDescription":"vii, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049217","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339506,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/v/pp1802v.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.4 MB","description":"PP 1802 V"},{"id":339517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/v/coverthb1.jpg"}],"contact":"Mineral Resources Program Coordinator
U.S. Geological Survey
913 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: minerals@usgs.gov
https://minerals.usgs.gov
Fluorine compounds are essential in numerous chemical and manufacturing processes. Fluorspar is the commercial name for fluorite (isometric CaF2), which is the only fluorine mineral that is mined on a large scale. Fluorspar is used directly as a fluxing material and as an additive in different manufacturing processes. It is the source of fluorine in the production of hydrogen fluoride or hydrofluoric acid, which is used as the feedstock for numerous organic and inorganic chemical compounds.
The United States was the world’s leading producer of fluorspar until the mid-1950s. In the mid-1970s, the U.S. fluorspar mining industry began to decline because of foreign competition. By 1982, there was essentially only a single U.S. producer left, and that company ceased mining in 1996. Consumption of fluorspar in the United States peaked in the early 1970s, which was also the peak period of U.S. steel production. Since then, U.S. fluorspar consumption has decreased substantially; the United States has nonetheless increased its imports of downstream fluorine compounds, such as, in order of tonnage imported, hydrofluoric acid, aluminum fluoride, and cryolite. This combination of no U.S. production (until recently) and high levels of consumption has made the United States the world’s leading fluorspar-importing country, in all its various forms.
The number of fluorspar-exporting countries has decreased substantially in recent decades, and, as a result, the United States has become dependent on just a few countries to supply its needs. In 2013, the United States imported the majority of its fluorspar from three countries, which were, in descending order of the amount imported, Mexico, China, and South Africa.
Geologically, in igneous systems, fluorine is one of a number of elements that are “incompatible.” These incompatible elements become concentrated in the residual magma while the common silicates crystallize upon magma ascent and cooling, leading to relatively high fluorine concentrations in the more evolved or differentiated igneous rocks and in hydrothermal deposits associated with those evolved igneous rocks. In sedimentary rocks, fluorine’s highest concentrations are found in phosphorites because fluorine substitutes for hydroxyl ions in apatite, which leads to fluorine concentrations of, typically, from 2 to 4 weight percent in phosphorites. Because of the presence of fluorine, phosphate fertilizer manufacturers can produce a fluorosilicic acid byproduct. Most deposits mined for fluorine are hydrothermal, however, and consist of fluorine minerals that precipitated from hot water. Magmatic brines and brines from deep within sedimentary basins that have high concentrations of dissolved fluoride are the mineralizing fluids for various types of hydrothermal fluorspar deposits. Relatively dilute hydrothermal fluids that formed in some volcanic rocks can also transport sufficient fluoride to form a high-grade fluorspar deposit. Fluorite has low solubility in a common range of hydrothermal temperatures, particularly from about 160 degrees Celsius (°C) down to 60 °C. The increasing fluorite solubility below 60 °C partly explains why some water with exceptionally high levels of dissolved fluorine are found even at ambient temperatures in evaporitic lake basins in some East African Rift valleys in Kenya and Tanzania. The geologic conditions that led to the high concentrations there are known to exist in a number of other places in the world as well, including, perhaps, places in the Basin and Range province of the United States.
Eight minerals or mineral groups have sufficient fluorine in their structures to be considered as possible ores of the element; they are bastnaesite (also spelled bastnäsite; and other fluorocarbonates), cryolite, sellaite, villiaumite, fluorite, fluorapatite (in phosphorites), various phyllosilicates, and topaz. Fluorite is currently the only mineral that is mined for fluorine, and nomineral except fluorite is likely to become a source of commercially produced fluorine as a primary product as long as supplies from relatively thick and high-grade fluorite deposits continue to be available.
At least seven classes (which include one subclass) of hydrothermal fluorite deposits are recognized; they are classified according to their tectonic and (or) magmatic settings, as follows: (1) carbonatite-related fluorspar deposits; (2) alkaline-intrusion-related fluorspar deposits; (3) alkaline-volcanic-related epithermal fluorspar deposits; (4) Mississippi Valley-type fluorspar deposits (and a subclass of salt-related carbonate-hosted fluorspar deposits); (5) fluorspar deposits related to strongly differentiated granites; (6) subalkaline-volcanic-related epithermal fluospar deposits; and (7) fluorspar deposits that appear to be conformable within tuffaceous limy lacustrine sediments. An eighth class (not hydrothermal) is that of fluorspar deposits concentrated in soils and weathered zones; that is, residual fluorspar deposits. Generally, fluorspar deposits related to strongly differentiated granites have larger tonnages and lower grades than carbonatite-related fluorspar deposits, which, in turn, have larger tonnages and lower grades than fluorspar vein deposits from various other classes.
The United States has a few identified resources of fluorspar, most notably the Klondike II property in the Illinois- Kentucky fluorspar district located about 8 kilometers southwest of Salem, Kentucky, which has a large vein that contains at least 1.6 million metric tons at a grade of 60 percent CaF2 (Feytis, 2009). Additional fluorspar resources of lower grade but larger tonnage have been identified at Hicks Dome in the Illinois-Kentucky fluorspar district and at Lost River near the western tip of the Seward Peninsula in Alaska, along with a couple of dozen smaller, higher grade resources.
Internationally, new mines that either opened before the beginning of 2013 or were scheduled to open soon after that time include the Nui Phao tungsten-fluorspar-bismuth-copper-gold deposit in northern Vietnam; the St. Lawrence project in Newfoundland, Canada, which is located in a well-known fluorspar district; the Bamianshan deposit, which is related to a strongly differentiated granite in northwestern Zhejiang Province, China, near some of that Province’s large, subalkaline-volcanic-related epithermal veins; and the Nokeng project in South Africa, which is also related to a strongly differentiated granite. Other deposits in northwestern Australia, Nevada (United States), Norway, South Africa, and Sweden have been identified and could be put into production within just a few years.
Among undiscovered resources, an interesting possibility might be to produce a fluorine product from evaporitic, high-fluorine, high-pH sodium-carbonate brines like Lake Magadi (Kenya) and Lake Natron (Tanzania) in Africa’s Eastern Rift Valley. In addition, apparently conformable fluorspar deposits in tuffaceous limy lacustrine sediments, such as those in Italy, are likely to occur in similar young alkalic volcanic settings elsewhere in the world.
Modern geophysical and geochemical exploration techniques have typically not been brought to bear in exploration for new fluorspar deposits, although such techniques are likely to be used in future exploration. The tendency for fluorine to dissolve in significant concentrations in water at low temperature allows both surface water and groundwater to be used as sampling media in geochemical exploration. Evolved granite-related fluorspar deposits may be particularly susceptible to geophysical exploration methods because crystalline rocks that form a basement to sedimentary sections can be approximately defined with gravity and magnetic methods, and magnetite-bearing skarns can be directly detected with magnetic surveys.
Environmental considerations of fluorine mining focus especially on drinking water, where high fluorine concentrations can lead to tooth decay; dental and skeletal fluorosis; and bone and cartilage conditions, including genu valgum, which is the crippling bone deformity more commonly known as knock knee. Trace amounts of other elements in fluorspar ores are a concern at some deposits; for example, high beryllium concentrations in alkaline-volcanic-related epithermal deposits or high cadmium concentrations associated with Mississippi Valley-type and salt-related carbonate-hosted fluorspar deposits.
Future research might include testing whether fluorine can be extracted economically from high-pH, sodium-carbonate brines and exploring for new occurrences of apparently conformable fluorspar deposits in tuffaceous limy lacustrine sediments outside of the Latium Region of Italy. Other promising new areas of research could be studies of fluorspar deposit fluid inclusion compositions by quadrupole mass spectrometry, by noble gas mass spectrometry on irradiated fluid inclusions, or by chlorine isotopes, while also measuring the chemistry of the same fluid inclusions either by bulk crush-and-leach methods or by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Advanced studies of fluid inclusion chemistry could be applied beneficially to some of the enigmatic large epithermal fluorspar veins at various places in the world, where they might determine those deposits’ possible relationships to igneous intrusions, or to dissolved salt, or to heated meteoric water in volcanic sections, or perhaps to all three. This knowledge could help focus new exploration.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1802G","isbn":"978-1-4113-3991-0","usgsCitation":"Hayes, T.S., Miller, M.M., Orris, G.J., and Piatak, N.M., 2017, Fluorine, chap. G of Schulz, K.J., DeYoung, J.H., Jr., Seal, R.R., II, and Bradley, D.C., eds., Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802, p. G1–G80, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1802G.","productDescription":"viii, 80 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049496","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334567,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/g/coverthb1.jpg"},{"id":334568,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/g/pp1802g.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1802 F"}],"contact":"Mineral Resources Program Coordinator
U.S. Geological Survey
913 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: minerals@usgs.gov
https://minerals.usgs.gov
The glacial aquifer system groundwater availability study seeks to quantify (1) the status of groundwater resources in the glacial aquifer system, (2) how these resources have changed over time, and (3) likely system response to future changes in anthropogenic and environmental conditions. The glacial aquifer system extends from Maine to Alaska, although the focus of this report is the part of the system in the conterminous United States east of the Rocky Mountains. The glacial sand and gravel principal aquifer is the largest source of public and self-supplied industrial supply for any principal aquifer and also is an important source for irrigation supply. Despite its importance for water supply, water levels in the glacial aquifer system are generally stable varying with climate and only locally from pumping. The hydrogeologic framework developed for this study includes the information from waterwell records and classification of material types from surficial geologic maps into likely aquifers dominated by sand and gravel deposits. Generalized groundwater budgets across the study area highlight the variation in recharge and discharge primarily driven by climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175015","collaboration":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Reeves, H.W., Bayless, E.R., Dudley, R.W., Feinstein, D.T., Fienen, M.N., Hoard, C.J., Hodgkins, G.A., Qi, S.L., Roth, J.L., and Trost, J.J., 2017, Generalized hydrogeologic framework and groundwater budget for a groundwater availability study for the glacial aquifer system of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5015, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175015.","productDescription":"vii, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066369","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349670,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5015/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":349673,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5015/sir20175015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017–5015"},{"id":349672,"rank":2,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/gw/regional.html","text":"Water Availability and Use Science Program"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Glacial Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -67.060546875,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -67.060546875,\n 49.210420445650286\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 49.210420445650286\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 37.579412513438385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.37890625,\n 54.470037612805754\n ],\n [\n -129.990234375,\n 54.470037612805754\n ],\n [\n -129.990234375,\n 63.860035895395306\n ],\n [\n -158.37890625,\n 63.860035895395306\n ],\n [\n -158.37890625,\n 54.470037612805754\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6520 Mercantile Way
Suite 5
Lansing, MI 48911–5991
We report the first confirmed cases (2013–2016) of saprolegniosis caused by water mold from the genus Saprolegnia in Aanaakłiq, broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus), from the Colville River near Nuiqsut, Alaska. While this mold is known to be worldwide, these instances represent the first cases in Nuiqsut and only the second instance on a single fish on the North Slope, occurring in 1980. We describe the collaborative work on monitoring this emerging disease. Because fish constitute a critical component of the diet in Nuiqsut and fishing is an integral part of Inupiaq nutritional and cultural subsistence activities overall, individual subsistence fishers, local governmental entities, and Alaska Native organizations representing Nuiqsut requested an examination of affected fish and information on possible drivers of this emerging disease. The collaborative work described here ranges from recording fishermen observations, acquiring fish and mold specimens, histopathology, and molecular identification of the mold. This work, not currently grant-funded, begins with Native observation that incorporates western scientific methods and involves local, state, and federal departments as well as for-profit and non-profit organizations. Additionally, we report the more recent (2016) observation of this disease in a second species of whitefish, Pikuktuuq, humpback whitefish (Coregonus pidschain).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2017.07.002","usgsCitation":"Sformo, T.L., Adams, B., Seigle, J.C., Ferguson, J.A., Purcell, M.K., Stimmelmayr, R., Welch, J.H., Ellis, L.M., Leppi, J.C., and George, J., 2017, Observations and first reports of saprolegniosis in Aanaakłiq, broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus), from the Colville River near Nuiqsut, Alaska: Polar Science, v. 14, p. 78-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2017.07.002.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"82","ipdsId":"IP-084054","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2017.07.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Nuiqsut","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.39111328124997,\n 69.6914318644638\n ],\n [\n -148.86474609374997,\n 69.6914318644638\n ],\n [\n -148.86474609374997,\n 70.8698912672041\n ],\n [\n -153.39111328124997,\n 70.8698912672041\n ],\n [\n -153.39111328124997,\n 69.6914318644638\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf5e4b06e28e9c22a00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sformo, Todd L.","contributorId":201120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sformo","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Billy","contributorId":201121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Billy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seigle, John C.","contributorId":201122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seigle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferguson, Jayde A.","contributorId":201123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Jayde","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K. 0000-0003-0154-8433 mpurcell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8433","contributorId":168475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen","email":"mpurcell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stimmelmayr, Raphaela","contributorId":201124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stimmelmayr","given":"Raphaela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Welch, Joseph H.","contributorId":201125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welch","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ellis, Leah M.","contributorId":201126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellis","given":"Leah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Leppi, Jason C.","contributorId":201127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leppi","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"George, John C.","contributorId":201128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"John C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70199154,"text":"70199154 - 2017 - Evaluating methods to assess the body condition of female polar bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-07T15:40:32","indexId":"70199154","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T15:39:17","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating methods to assess the body condition of female polar bears","docAbstract":"An animal's body condition provides insight into its health, foraging success, and overall fitness. Measures of body composition including proportional fat content are useful indicators of condition. Isotopic dilution is a reliable non-destructive method for estimating the body composition of live mammals, but can require prolonged handling times. Alternatively, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has promise as a quick method for estimating the body composition of live mammals, but measurements can potentially be affected by field conditions. Body condition indices (BCI) and energy density models can also be used to assess body condition based on morphological measurements, but may not reliably reflect an animal's energy stores. Here we evaluate BIA, BCI, and an energy density model in measuring the energy stores of female polar bears (Ursus maritimus). We examine the relationship between total body fat (TBF) derived from isotopic dilution to these alternative methods for 9 female polar bears from 14 captures on the sea ice of the southern Beaufort Sea in April 2014–2016. An energy density model, BCI, and BIA-derived measures of TBF were poor predictors of TBF derived from isotopic dilution. We suggest energy density, BCI, and BIA may not be predictive of an animal's body fat at fine scales (e.g., among individuals within the same sex, reproductive status, and season). In particular, BIA should provide similar measures of body composition as isotopic dilution, but it failed to reliably measure TBF of individual bears. These limitations in the precision of body condition measures should be considered when planning future studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","doi":"10.2192/URSU-D-16-00029.1","usgsCitation":"Pagano, A.M., Rode, K.D., and Atkinson, S.N., 2017, Evaluating methods to assess the body condition of female polar bears: Ursus, v. 28, no. 2, p. 171-181, https://doi.org/10.2192/URSU-D-16-00029.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"181","ipdsId":"IP-080202","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7ZP447H","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Bioelectrical Impedance, Deuterium Dilution, Body Mass, and Morphological Measures of Southern Beaufort Sea Female Polar Bears, Spring 2014-2016"},{"id":357126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a365e4b0702d0e843042","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pagano, Anthony M. 0000-0003-2176-0909 apagano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-0909","contributorId":3884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagano","given":"Anthony","email":"apagano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atkinson, Stephen N.","contributorId":12365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198471,"text":"70198471 - 2017 - Tectonic evolution of the Central Andean Plateau and implications for the growth of plateaus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T12:47:21","indexId":"70198471","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T12:47:07","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":806,"text":"Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic evolution of the Central Andean Plateau and implications for the growth of plateaus","docAbstract":"Current end-member models for the geodynamic evolution of orogenic plateaus predict (a) slow and steady rise during crustal shortening and ablative subduction (i.e., continuous removal) of the lower lithosphere or (b) rapid surface uplift following shortening, which is associated with punctuated removal of dense lower lithosphere and/or lower crustal flow. This review integrates results from recent studies of the modern lithospheric structure, geologic evolution, and surface uplift history of the Central Andean Plateau to evaluate the geodynamic processes involved in forming it. Comparison of the timing, magnitude, and distribution of shortening and surface uplift, in combination with other geologic evidence, highlights the pulsed nature of plateau growth. We discuss specific regions and time periods that show evidence for end-member geodynamic processes, including middle–late Miocene surface uplift of the southern Eastern Cordillera and Altiplano associated with shortening and ablative subduction, latest Oligocene–early Miocene and late Miocene–early Pliocene punctuated removal of dense lower lithosphere in the Eastern Cordillera and Altiplano, and late Miocene–early Pliocene crustal flow in the central and northern Altiplano.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev-earth-063016-020612","usgsCitation":"Garzione, C.N., McQuarrie, N., Perez, N.D., Ehlers, T.A., Beck, S.L., Kar, N., Eichelberger, N., Chapman, A.D., Ward, K.M., Ducea, M.N., Lease, R.O., Poulsen, C.J., Wagner, L.S., Saylor, J.E., Zandt, G., and Horton, B.K., 2017, Tectonic evolution of the Central Andean Plateau and implications for the growth of plateaus: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 45, p. 529-559, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-063016-020612.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"559","ipdsId":"IP-080064","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-063016-020612","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Central Andean Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75,\n -25\n ],\n [\n -63,\n -25\n ],\n [\n -63,\n -12\n ],\n [\n -75,\n -12\n ],\n [\n -75,\n -25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc529e4b0f5d57878eafd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garzione, Carmala N.","contributorId":206716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garzione","given":"Carmala","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":37381,"text":"University of Rochester","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McQuarrie, Nadine","contributorId":193432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McQuarrie","given":"Nadine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perez, Nicholas D.","contributorId":206717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perez","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ehlers, Todd A.","contributorId":206718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehlers","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37382,"text":"University of Tübingen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beck, Susan L.","contributorId":206719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beck","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kar, Nandini","contributorId":206720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kar","given":"Nandini","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37383,"text":"Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eichelberger, Nathan","contributorId":206721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eichelberger","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37384,"text":"StructureSolver LLC, Danville, Calif","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chapman, Alan D.","contributorId":206722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37385,"text":"Macalester College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ward, Kevin M.","contributorId":206723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ducea, Mihai N.","contributorId":206724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ducea","given":"Mihai","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":37386,"text":"Universitatea Bucuresti","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lease, Richard O. 0000-0003-2582-8966 rlease@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-8966","contributorId":5098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lease","given":"Richard","email":"rlease@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Poulsen, Christopher J.","contributorId":206725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poulsen","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wagner, Lara S.","contributorId":206726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":30217,"text":"Carnegie Institution for Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Saylor, Joel E.","contributorId":206727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saylor","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36391,"text":"University of Houston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Zandt, George","contributorId":206728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zandt","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Horton, Brian K.","contributorId":167470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":13603,"text":"University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70260145,"text":"70260145 - 2017 - Geology of Kasatochi Volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T14:57:15.664116","indexId":"70260145","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T09:51:50","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":19003,"text":"Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Professional Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"123","title":"Geology of Kasatochi Volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"Kasatochi is a small, isolated island volcano in the center of the Aleutian Island chain. It consists of a roughly circular cone ~3 km in diameter with a lake-filled central crater that is 1.2 km in diameter and extends from the highest point on the island to sea level. The earliest unit recognized is a thick series of mid-Pleistocene glaciovolcanic deposits consisting of autobrecciated lava, lahars, and volumetrically minor lava masses that we believe to have been emplaced underneath a regional ice cap. This unit is unconformably overlain by several massive Holocene lavas, above which lies a thick sequence of latest- Holocene pyroclastic deposits likely deposited during the crater-forming eruption. The 2008 eruption enlarged the preexisting crater, and produced pyroclastic density currents, surges, and fall that blanketed the entire island except for steep, seaward-facing cliffs on the flanks and the crater wall. 2008 deposits initially extended the shoreline seaward by up to 500 m.
Kasatochi lava and scoria are porphyritic basalt, basaltic andesite, and andesite, all of which bear trace-element evidence for prolonged crustal residence and equilibration with an amphibole-rich gabbroic residue. Lavas from individual effusive eruptions have limited compositional range, whereas juvenile scoriae from explosive eruptions span the majority of the compositional range of the entire volcano. 2008 pyroclastic deposits contain texturally diverse amphibole gabbro clasts and smaller, less abundant, plagioclase-free pyroxenitic and peridotitic cumulate inclusions. We infer that the gabbroic inclusions are from the margins of regions of crustal magma storage and evolution and that equilibration with the amphibole plays an important role in the evolution of mafic and intermediate magmas.
","language":"English","publisher":"State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","doi":"10.14509/29718","usgsCitation":"Nye, C.J., Scott, W., Neill, O.K., Waythomas, C.F., Cameron, C.E., and Calvert, A.T., 2017, Geology of Kasatochi Volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Professional Report 123, Report: 127 p.; 1 Sheet: 32.50 x 34.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.14509/29718.","productDescription":"Report: 127 p.; 1 Sheet: 32.50 x 34.50 inches","ipdsId":"IP-086255","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/29718","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kasatochi volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -175.54101712169785,\n 52.190449891528914\n ],\n [\n -175.54101712169785,\n 52.152159889600455\n ],\n [\n -175.4841414650661,\n 52.152159889600455\n ],\n [\n -175.4841414650661,\n 52.190449891528914\n ],\n [\n -175.54101712169785,\n 52.190449891528914\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nye, Christopher J.","contributorId":345655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nye","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16126,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":250706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neill, Owen K","contributorId":345656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neill","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":82679,"text":"Peter Hooper GeoAnalytical Lab, School of the Environment, 1228 Webster Physical Science Building, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cameron, Cheryl E. 0000-0001-6366-2130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6366-2130","contributorId":194695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cameron","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":917190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70197204,"text":"70197204 - 2017 - Genomics of Arctic cod","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T11:15:27","indexId":"70197204","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5709,"text":"OCS Study","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"BOEM 2017-066","title":"Genomics of Arctic cod","docAbstract":"The Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) is an abundant marine fish that plays a vital role in the marine food web. To better understand the population genetic structure and the role of natural selection acting on the maternally-inherited mitochondrial genome (mitogenome), a molecule often associated with adaptations to temperature, we analyzed genetic data collected from 11 biparentally-inherited nuclear microsatellite DNA loci and nucleotide sequence data from from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b (cytb) gene and, for a subset of individuals, the entire mitogenome. In addition, due to potential of species misidentification with morphologically similar Polar cod (Arctogadus glacialis), we used ddRAD-Seq data to determine the level of divergence between species and identify species-specific markers.
Based on the findings presented here, Arctic cod across the Pacific Arctic (Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas) comprise a single panmictic population with high genetic diversity compared to other gadids. High genetic diversity was indicated across all 13 protein-coding genes in the mitogenome. In addition, we found moderate levels of genetic diversity in the nuclear microsatellite loci, with highest diversity found in the Chukchi Sea. Our analyses of markers from both marker classes (nuclear microsatellite fragment data and mtDNA cytb sequence data) failed to uncover a signal of microgeographic genetic structure within Arctic cod across the three regions, within the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, or between near-shore or offshore habitats. Further, data from a subset of mitogenomes revealed no genetic differentiation between Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas populations for Arctic cod, Saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis), or Walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus). However, we uncovered significant differences in the distribution of microsatellite alleles between the southern Chukchi and central and eastern Beaufort Sea samples of Arctic cod. Finally, using ddRAD-Seq data, we identified species-specific markers and in conjunction with mitogenome data, identified an Arctic cod x Polar cod hybrid in western Canadian Beaufort Sea.
Overall, the lack of genetic structure among Arctic cod within the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort seas of Alaska is concordant with the absence of geographic barriers to dispersal and typical among marine fishes. Arctic cod may exhibit a genetic pattern of isolation-by-distance, whereby populations in closer geographic proximity are more genetically similar than more distant populations. As this signal is only found between our two fartherest localities, data from populations elsewhere in the species’ global range are needed to determine if this is a general characteristic. Further, tests for selection suggested a limited role for natural selection acting on the mitochondrial genome of Arctic cod, but do not exclude the possibility of selection on genes involved in nuclear-mitogenome interactions. Unlike previous genetic assessment of Arctic cod sampled from the Chukchi Sea, the high levels of genetic diversity found in Arctic cod assayed in this study, across regions, suggests that the species in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas does not suffer from low levels of genetic variation, at least at neutral genetic markers. The large census size of Arctic cod may allow this species to retain high levels of genetic diversity. In addition, we discovered the presence of hybridization between Arctic and Polar cod (although low in frequency). Hybridization is expected to occur when environmental changes modify species distributions that result in contact between species that were previously separated. In such cases, hybridization may be an evolutionary mechanism that promotes an increase in genetic diversity that may provide species occupying changing environments with locally-adapted genotypes and, therefore, phenotypes. Natural selection can only act on the standing genetic variation present within a population. Therefore, given its higher levels of genetic diversity in combination with a large population size, Arctic cod may be resilient to current and future environmental change, as high genetic diversity is expected to increase opportunities for positive selection to act on genetic variants beneficial in different environments, regardless of the source of that genetic variation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.E., Sage, G.K., Sonsthagen, S.A., Gravley, M.C., Menning, D.M., and Talbot, S.L., 2017, Genomics of Arctic cod: OCS Study BOEM 2017-066, vi, 81 p.","productDescription":"vi, 81 p.","numberOfPages":"92","ipdsId":"IP-091280","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354936,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354385,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.boem.gov/BOEM-2017-066-Genomics-of-Arctic-Cod/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e62fe4b060350a15d262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Robert E. 0000-0003-1800-0183 rewilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-0183","contributorId":5718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robert","email":"rewilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gravley, Megan C. 0000-0002-4947-0236 mgravley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4947-0236","contributorId":202812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gravley","given":"Megan","email":"mgravley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Menning, Damian M. 0000-0003-3547-3062 dmenning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-3062","contributorId":205131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menning","given":"Damian","email":"dmenning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70197068,"text":"70197068 - 2017 - How the solid earth works","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T13:40:07","indexId":"70197068","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"How the solid earth works","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dynamic geology of the Northern Cordillera (Alaska and western Canada) and adjacent marine areas: Tectonics, hazards, and resources","language":"English","publisher":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","usgsCitation":"Price, R.A., 2017, How the solid earth works, chap. of Dynamic geology of the Northern Cordillera (Alaska and western Canada) and adjacent marine areas: Tectonics, hazards, and resources, E-book.","productDescription":"E-book","ipdsId":"IP-074022","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354207,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/handle/11122/7994"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e62fe4b060350a15d266","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737767,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737768,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Price, Raymond A.","contributorId":205543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737769,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737770,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, David B.","contributorId":65324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"David B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737771,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Price, Raymond A.","contributorId":205543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70196294,"text":"70196294 - 2017 - Possible behavioural, energetic and demographic effects of displacement of red-throated divers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T16:03:49","indexId":"70196294","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5674,"text":"U.K. Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report","printIssn":"0963-8901","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"605","title":"Possible behavioural, energetic and demographic effects of displacement of red-throated divers","docAbstract":"This report comprises the main points of discussion and agreement during a workshop, held in Edinburgh in May 2017, to discuss how displacement might affect individuals and the Red-throated diver population; with additional information added by the scientists following the workshop.
","conferenceTitle":"JNCC and Vattenfall Joint Workshop","conferenceDate":"May 2, 2017","conferenceLocation":"Edinburgh, Scotland","language":"English","publisher":"U.K. Joint Nature Conservation Committee","publisherLocation":"Peterborough, UK","issn":"0963-8901","usgsCitation":"Dierschke, V., Furness, R.W., Gray, C., Petersen, I.K., Schmutz, J.A., Zydelis, R., and Daunt, F., 2017, Possible behavioural, energetic and demographic effects of displacement of red-throated divers: U.K. Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report 605, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","numberOfPages":"26","ipdsId":"IP-092673","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":353022,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-6753"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee79ee4b0da30c1bfc314","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dierschke, Volker","contributorId":203734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dierschke","given":"Volker","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36703,"text":"Gavia EcoResearch, Winsen, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furness, Robert W.","contributorId":86588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furness","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12473,"text":"University of Glasgow","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, Carrie E.","contributorId":127669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Carrie E.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":25572,"text":"University of Maine, Orono","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petersen, Ib Krag","contributorId":203737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"Ib","email":"","middleInitial":"Krag","affiliations":[{"id":16118,"text":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Grenåvej 14, DK-8410 Rønde, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zydelis, Ramunas","contributorId":203738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zydelis","given":"Ramunas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35135,"text":"DHI, Hørsholm, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Daunt, Francis","contributorId":197240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daunt","given":"Francis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36704,"text":"NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70194758,"text":"70194758 - 2017 - Forecasting consequences of changing sea ice availability for Pacific walruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T17:40:05","indexId":"70194758","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting consequences of changing sea ice availability for Pacific walruses","docAbstract":"The accelerating rate of anthropogenic alteration and disturbance of environments has increased the need for forecasting effects of environmental change on fish and wildlife populations. Models linking projections of environmental change with behavioral responses and bioenergetic effects can provide a basis for these forecasts. There is particular interest in forecasting effects of projected reductions in sea ice availability on Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). Declining extent of summer sea ice in the Chukchi Sea has caused Pacific walruses to increase use of coastal haulouts and decrease use of more productive offshore feeding areas. Such climate-induced changes in distribution and behavior could ultimately affect the status of the population. We developed behavioral models to relate changes in sea ice availability to adult female walrus movements and activity levels, and adapted previously developed bioenergetics models to relate those activity levels to energy requirements and the ability to meet those requirements. We then linked these models to general circulation model projections of future ice availability to forecast autumn body condition for female walruses during mid- and late-century time periods. Our results suggest that as sea ice becomes less available in the Chukchi Sea, female walruses will spend more time in the southwestern region of that sea, less time resting, and less time foraging. Median forecasted autumn body masses were 7–12% lower in future scenarios than during recent times, but posterior distributions broadly overlapped and median forecasted seasonal mass losses (15–34%) were comparable to seasonal mass losses routinely experienced by other pinnipeds. These seasonal reductions in body condition would be unlikely to result in demographic effects, but if walruses were unable to rebuild endogenous reserves while wintering in the Bering Sea, cumulative effects could have implications for reproduction and survival, ultimately affecting the status of the Pacific walrus population. Our approach provides a general framework for forecasting consequences of the broad range of environmental changes and anthropogenic disturbances that may affect bioenergetics through behavioral responses or changes in prey availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2014","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., Jay, C.V., Taylor, R.L., Fischbach, A., Beatty, W.S., and Noren, S.R., 2017, Forecasting consequences of changing sea ice availability for Pacific walruses: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 11, e02014, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2014.","productDescription":"e02014","ipdsId":"IP-088005","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7XG9Q2T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Pacific Walrus Behavior Data and Associated Chukchi Sea Ice Observations and Projections for use with Bioenergetics Models to Forecast Walrus Body Condition"},{"id":350025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -189.1845703125,\n 65.56754970214311\n ],\n [\n -156.3134765625,\n 65.56754970214311\n ],\n [\n -156.3134765625,\n 74.17607298699065\n ],\n [\n -189.1845703125,\n 74.17607298699065\n ],\n [\n -189.1845703125,\n 65.56754970214311\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf6e4b06e28e9c22a12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Rebecca L. 0000-0001-8459-7614 rebeccataylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8459-7614","contributorId":5112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Rebecca","email":"rebeccataylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":200780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony S.","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beatty, William S. 0000-0003-0013-3113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-3113","contributorId":146301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beatty","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noren, Shawn R.","contributorId":127697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noren","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70196276,"text":"70196276 - 2017 - Genetic implications of bottleneck effects of differing severities on genetic diversity in naturally recovering populations: An example from Hawaiian coot and Hawaiian gallinule","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T10:46:58","indexId":"70196276","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic implications of bottleneck effects of differing severities on genetic diversity in naturally recovering populations: An example from Hawaiian coot and Hawaiian gallinule","docAbstract":"The evolutionary trajectory of populations through time is influenced by the interplay of forces (biological, evolutionary, and anthropogenic) acting on the standing genetic variation. We used microsatellite and mitochondrial loci to examine the influence of population declines, of varying severity, on genetic diversity within two Hawaiian endemic waterbirds, the Hawaiian coot and Hawaiian gallinule, by comparing historical (samples collected in the late 1800s and early 1900s) and modern (collected in 2012–2013) populations. Population declines simultaneously experienced by Hawaiian coots and Hawaiian gallinules differentially shaped the evolutionary trajectory of these two populations. Within Hawaiian coot, large reductions (between −38.4% and −51.4%) in mitochondrial diversity were observed, although minimal differences were observed in the distribution of allelic and haplotypic frequencies between sampled time periods. Conversely, for Hawaiian gallinule, allelic frequencies were strongly differentiated between time periods, signatures of a genetic bottleneck were detected, and biases in means of the effective population size were observed at microsatellite loci. The strength of the decline appears to have had a greater influence on genetic diversity within Hawaiian gallinule than Hawaiian coot, coincident with the reduction in census size. These species exhibit similar life history characteristics and generation times; therefore, we hypothesize that differences in behavior and colonization history are likely playing a large role in how allelic and haplotypic frequencies are being shaped through time. Furthermore, differences in patterns of genetic diversity within Hawaiian coot and Hawaiian gallinule highlight the influence of demographic and evolutionary processes in shaping how species respond genetically to ecological stressors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.3530","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., Wilson, R.E., and Underwood, J.G., 2017, Genetic implications of bottleneck effects of differing severities on genetic diversity in naturally recovering populations: An example from Hawaiian coot and Hawaiian gallinule: Ecology and Evolution, v. 7, no. 23, p. 9925-9934, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3530.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"9925","endPage":"9934","ipdsId":"IP-085014","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3530","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee79ee4b0da30c1bfc318","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Robert E. 0000-0003-1800-0183 rewilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-0183","contributorId":5718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robert","email":"rewilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Underwood, Jared G.","contributorId":198606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Underwood","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194648,"text":"70194648 - 2017 - Detrital zircon geochronology of quartzose metasedimentary rocks from parautochthonous North America, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-20T09:32:35","indexId":"70194648","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2626,"text":"Lithosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detrital zircon geochronology of quartzose metasedimentary rocks from parautochthonous North America, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"We report eight new U-Pb detrital zircon ages for quartzose metasedimentary rocks from four lithotectonic units of parautochthonous North America in east-central Alaska: the Healy schist, Keevy Peak Formation, and Sheep Creek Member of the Totatlanika Schist in the northern Alaska Range, and the Butte assemblage in the northwestern Yukon-Tanana Upland. Excepting 1 of 3 samples from the Healy schist, all have dominant detrital zircon populations of 1.9–1.8 Ga and a subordinate population of 2.7–2.6 Ga. Three zircons from Totatlanika Schist yield the youngest age of ca. 780 Ma. The anomalous Healy schist sample has abundant 1.6–0.9 Ga detrital zircon, as well as populations at 2.0–1.8 Ga and 2.7–2.5 Ga that overlap the ages from the rest of our samples; it has a minimum age population of ca. 1007 Ma.
Detrital zircon age populations from all but the anomalous sample are statistically similar to those from (1) other peri-Laurentian units in east-central Alaska; (2) the Snowcap assemblage in Yukon, basement of the allochthonous Yukon-Tanana terrane; (3) Neoproterozoic to Ordovician Laurentian passive margin strata in southern British Columbia, Canada; and (4) Proterozoic Laurentian Sequence C strata of northwestern Canada. Recycling of zircon from the Paleoproterozoic Great Bear magmatic zone in the Wopmay orogen and its Archean precursors could explain both the Precambrian zircon populations and arc trace element signatures of our samples. Zircon from the anomalous Healy schist sample resembles that in Nation River Formation and Adams Argillite in eastern Alaska, suggesting recycling of detritus in those units.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/L672.1","usgsCitation":"Dusel-Bacon, C., Holm-Denoma, C.S., Jones, J.V., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Mortensen, J.K., 2017, Detrital zircon geochronology of quartzose metasedimentary rocks from parautochthonous North America, east-central Alaska: Lithosphere, v. 9, no. 6, p. 927-952, https://doi.org/10.1130/L672.1.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"927","endPage":"952","ipdsId":"IP-086335","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/l672.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia, Yukon Territory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -169.013671875,\n 51.45400691005982\n ],\n [\n -120.673828125,\n 51.45400691005982\n ],\n [\n -120.673828125,\n 68.87935761076949\n ],\n [\n -169.013671875,\n 68.87935761076949\n ],\n [\n -169.013671875,\n 51.45400691005982\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf7e4b06e28e9c22a26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440 cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":2442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher","email":"cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, James V. III 0000-0002-6602-5935 jvjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-5935","contributorId":201245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jvjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mortensen, James K.","contributorId":96794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortensen","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194511,"text":"70194511 - 2017 - Attaching transmitters to waterbirds using one versus two subcutaneous anchors: Retention and survival trade-offs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T13:54:16","indexId":"70194511","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Attaching transmitters to waterbirds using one versus two subcutaneous anchors: Retention and survival trade-offs","docAbstract":"A major challenge of wildlife telemetry is choosing an attachment technique that maximizes transmitter retention while minimizing negative side effects. For waterbirds, attachment of transmitters with subcutaneous anchors has been an effective and well-established technique, having been used on >40 species. This method was recently modified to include a second subcutaneous anchor, presumably increasing transmitter retention beyond that of single-anchor attachments. This putative benefit may be offset, however, by increased health risks related to additional incisions and subcutaneous protrusions. To test this potential trade-off, we attached radiotransmitters to molting and wintering surf (Melanitta perspicillata) and white-winged scoters (M. fusca) during 2008 and 2009 in Washington State and southeast Alaska, USA, using single- (121 scoters) and double-anchor (128 scoters) attachment techniques. We estimated daily probabilities of survival and radio retention for each group, this being apparent retention for wintering scoters because we could not differentiate shed transmitters from flighted emigration. For scoters during the flightless remigial molt, we found that addition of a second anchor increased cumulative retention probability (±SE) over a 49-day period from 0.69 ± 0.11 for single-anchor to 0.88 ± 0.07 for double-anchor attachments, while having no effect on survival. However, during winter, scoters with double-anchor attachments experienced no improvement in apparent retention, while having significantly lower survival during their first 14 days following transmitter attachment; of 15 mortalities during this period, 11 had 2 subcutaneous anchors. From day 15 onward, winter survival rates were nearly identical for single- versus double-anchor attachments, indicating that adverse effects of subcutaneous anchors were mainly limited to the 14-day postattachment period. Overall, given that the survival cost of adding a second subcutaneous anchor was substantial for wintering scoters—decreasing 14-day survival by 12% for adults and 23% for juveniles—we recommend that researchers opt for single-anchor attachments under most circumstances, especially during winter when birds may be energetically challenged.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.833","usgsCitation":"Lewis, T., Esler, D., Uher-Koch, B.D., Dickson, R.D., Anderson, E.M., Evenson, J.R., Hupp, J.W., and Flint, P.L., 2017, Attaching transmitters to waterbirds using one versus two subcutaneous anchors: Retention and survival trade-offs: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 41, no. 4, p. 691-700, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.833.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"700","ipdsId":"IP-084591","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/0444e913129c4df68e3a7e61bc40a972","text":"External Repository"},{"id":438136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F79S1PZJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for Evaluating Efficacy of 1- versus 2-prong Radio Transmitter Attachment for Scoters in Alaska and Washington, 2008-2010"},{"id":349626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf8e4b06e28e9c22a37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Tyler 0000-0002-4998-3031 tlewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-3031","contributorId":169307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Tyler","email":"tlewis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Uher-Koch, Brian D. 0000-0002-1885-0260 buher-koch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-0260","contributorId":5117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uher-Koch","given":"Brian","email":"buher-koch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dickson, Rian D.","contributorId":138554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dickson","given":"Rian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Eric M.","contributorId":138556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evenson, Joseph R.","contributorId":138555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evenson","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12438,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70197065,"text":"70197065 - 2017 - Geologic sources of energy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T13:44:05","indexId":"70197065","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geologic sources of energy","docAbstract":"This chapter describes the exploration, development, and geologic setting of petroleum resources (including tar sands), coal resources (including coalbed methane), and geothermal energy resources of the Northern Cordillera.For petroleum resources, the chapter describes: (1) the history of petroleum development and production, first for Alaska and then for the Canadian Cordillera; and (2) generalized basin analysis geologic settings for the six major petroleum basins that are illustrated in summary maps and cross sections. Subsequent sections of the chapter describe the nature and geologic setting of tar sand resources, geothermal energy resources, and coal resources. The area distribution of the energy resources of the region are depicted in the Energy Resources Map that has multiple layers that can be displayed in various arrangements. Employing this map in a separate window while reading the text will be greatly beneficial. Many geographic names are employed in the descriptions throughout this chapter. While reading this chapter, viewing the Geographic Regions Layer of the Energy Resources Map, as needed, will be valuable.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dynamic geology of the Northern Cordillera (Alaska and western Canada) and adjacent marine areas: Tectonics, hazards, and resources","language":"English","publisher":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","usgsCitation":"Bundtzen, T.K., and Nokleberg, W.J., 2017, Geologic sources of energy, chap. of Dynamic geology of the Northern Cordillera (Alaska and western Canada) and adjacent marine areas: Tectonics, hazards, and resources, E-book.","productDescription":"E-book","ipdsId":"IP-081568","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354205,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/handle/11122/7994"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e62fe4b060350a15d26a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737777,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737778,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Price, Raymond A.","contributorId":205543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737779,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737780,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, David B.","contributorId":65324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"David B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737781,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":192968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193352,"text":"70193352 - 2017 - Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Dotson Zone HREE deposit in the Bokan Mountain peralkaline igneous complex, southeastern Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T11:50:00","indexId":"70193352","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Dotson Zone HREE deposit in the Bokan Mountain peralkaline igneous complex, southeastern Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"The Bokan Mountain igneous complex (BMIC) is a typical example of a peralkaline intrusive system that has evolved to the point of developing late stage HFSE- and REE-rich silicic pegmatites and dikes. The Dotson Zone comprises a series of felsic dikes that extend from the southeast margin of the composite pluton and may represent an important resource of critical HREEs. Petrographically, the primary igneous mineral assemblage is altered by late-igneous and hydrothermal fluids resulting in redistribution and enrichment of REEs. An area of flexure in the southeastern end of the Dotson Zone was the primary locus of enrichment as shown by the pervasive alteration and consistently high REE+Y values. We favor a model in which the dikes were emplaced concurrently with the marginal intrusions, and then altered during emplacement of the inner, main intrusion in a relatively rapid series of overlapping intrusive and late magmatic fluid-high temperature hydrothermal events as the complex cooled. A much later sodic intrusive event focused on the BMIC may have resulted in additional silica-Na-Zr-rich alteration in proximity to the pluton.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 14th SGA Biennial Meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"14th SGA Biennial Meeting","conferenceDate":"August 20-23, 2017","conferenceLocation":"Québec City, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.D., Lowers, H.A., Adams, D., and Robinson, R.J., 2017, Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Dotson Zone HREE deposit in the Bokan Mountain peralkaline igneous complex, southeastern Alaska, USA, in Proceedings of the 14th SGA Biennial Meeting, Québec City, Canada, August 20-23, 2017, p. 1329-1332.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1329","endPage":"1332","ipdsId":"IP-084921","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee7abe4b0da30c1bfc349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Cliff D. 0000-0001-6376-6298 ctaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":1283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Cliff","email":"ctaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":191307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, David 0000-0003-2679-2344 dadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2679-2344","contributorId":199358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"David","email":"dadams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":169,"text":"Central Mineral Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, R. James","contributorId":199359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196267,"text":"70196267 - 2017 - Vectors, hosts, and control measures for Zika virus in the Americas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T10:19:09","indexId":"70196267","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1443,"text":"EcoHealth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vectors, hosts, and control measures for Zika virus in the Americas","docAbstract":"We examine Zika virus (ZIKV) from an ecological perspective and with a focus on the Americas. We assess (1) the role of wildlife in ZIKV disease ecology, (2) how mosquito behavior and biology influence disease dynamics, and (3) how nontarget species and ecosystems may be impacted by vector control programs. Our review suggests that free-ranging, non-human primates may be involved in ZIKV transmission in the Old World; however, other wildlife species likely play a limited role in maintaining or transmitting ZIKV. In the Americas, a zoonotic cycle has not yet been definitively established. Understanding behaviors and habitat tolerances of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, two ZIKV competent vectors in the Americas, will allow more accurate modeling of disease spread and facilitate targeted and effective control efforts. Vector control efforts may have direct and indirect impacts to wildlife, particularly invertebrate feeding species; however, strategies could be implemented to limit detrimental ecological effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10393-017-1277-2","usgsCitation":"Thompson, S.J., Pearce, J.M., and Ramey, A.M., 2017, Vectors, hosts, and control measures for Zika virus in the Americas: EcoHealth, v. 14, no. 4, p. 821-839, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-017-1277-2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"821","endPage":"839","ipdsId":"IP-081673","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee79ee4b0da30c1bfc31c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Sarah J. 0000-0002-5733-8198 sjthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5733-8198","contributorId":5434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Sarah","email":"sjthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197069,"text":"70197069 - 2017 - Natural hazards and neotectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T13:38:25","indexId":"70197069","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Natural hazards and neotectonics","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dynamic geology of the Northern Cordillera (Alaska and western Canada) and adjacent marine areas: Tectonics, hazards, and resources","language":"English","publisher":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., and Stone, D.B., 2017, Natural hazards and neotectonics, chap. of Dynamic geology of the Northern Cordillera (Alaska and western Canada) and adjacent marine areas: Tectonics, hazards, and resources, E-book.","productDescription":"E-book","ipdsId":"IP-074025","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354208,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/handle/11122/7994"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e62fe4b060350a15d264","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737761,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737762,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Price, Raymond A.","contributorId":205543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737763,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737764,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, David B.","contributorId":193572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737765,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, David B.","contributorId":193572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70191869,"text":"70191869 - 2017 - Rehabilitating sea otters: Feeling good versus being effective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-20T18:13:57.648733","indexId":"70191869","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"20","title":"Rehabilitating sea otters: Feeling good versus being effective","docAbstract":"This chapter examines the complexities of assessing the merits and drawbacks of wildlife rehabilitation. Wildlife rehabilitation is often costly, and the resulting benefits differ depending on whether one’s interest is in the welfare of individual animals or conserving populations. Two examples of this dilemma include the rehabilitation of oiled sea otters following the Exxon Valdez spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, and the rehabilitation of stranded sea otter pups in central California. In the first example, substantial financial investment resulted in little or no benefits for population conservation. In the second example, the potential for population-level benefits is context dependent: in populations near carrying capacity the conservation impacts are negligible, whereas in isolated, low-density populations rehabilitation and release can be an effective conservation tool. Wildlife rehabilitation is valued by people for various reasons, but recognizing and acknowledging the difference between individual and population welfare is an important step toward effective wildlife conservation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effective conservation science: Data not dogma","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0020","isbn":"9780198808978","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., and Tinker, M.T., 2017, Rehabilitating sea otters: Feeling good versus being effective, chap. 20 of Effective conservation science: Data not dogma, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0020.","ipdsId":"IP-081357","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee7abe4b0da30c1bfc351","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kareiva, Peter","contributorId":58160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kareiva","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729019,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvier, Michelle","contributorId":168813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marvier","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729020,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silliman, Brian","contributorId":11051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silliman","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729021,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":713468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70196280,"text":"70196280 - 2017 - Normalized difference vegetation index as an estimator for abundance and quality of avian herbivore forage in arctic Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-22T15:45:51.011946","indexId":"70196280","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Normalized difference vegetation index as an estimator for abundance and quality of avian herbivore forage in arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"Tools that can monitor biomass and nutritional quality of forage plants are needed to understand how arctic herbivores may respond to the rapidly changing environment at high latitudes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been widely used to assess changes in abundance and distribution of terrestrial vegetative communities. However, the efficacy of NDVI to measure seasonal changes in biomass and nutritional quality of forage plants in the Arctic remains largely un-evaluated at landscape and fine-scale levels. We modeled the relationships between NDVI and seasonal changes in aboveground biomass and nitrogen concentration in halophytic graminoids, a key food source for arctic-nesting geese. The model was calibrated based on data collected at one site and validated using data from another site. Effects of spatial scale on model accuracy were determined by comparing model predictions between NDVI derived from moderate resolution (250 × 250 m pixels) satellite data and high resolution (20 cm diameter area) handheld spectrometer data. NDVI derived from the handheld spectrometer was a superior estimator (R2 ≥ 0.67) of seasonal changes in aboveground biomass compared to satellite-derived NDVI (R2 ≤ 0.40). The addition of temperature and precipitation variables to the model for biomass improved fit, but provided minor gains in predictive power beyond that of the NDVI-only model. This model, however, was only a moderately accurate estimator of biomass in an ecologically-similar halophytic graminoid wetland located 100 km away, indicating the necessity for site-specific validation. In contrast to assessments of biomass, satellite-derived NDVI was a better estimator for the timing of peak percent of nitrogen than NDVI derived from the handheld spectrometer. We confirmed that the date when NDVI reached 50% of its seasonal maximum was a reasonable approximation of the period of peak spring vegetative green-up and peak percent nitrogen. This study demonstrates the importance of matching the scale of NDVI measurements to the vegetation properties of biomass and nitrogen phenology.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs9121234","usgsCitation":"Hogrefe, K.R., Patil, V.P., Ruthrauff, D.R., Meixell, B.W., Budde, M.E., Hupp, J.W., and Ward, D.H., 2017, Normalized difference vegetation index as an estimator for abundance and quality of avian herbivore forage in arctic Alaska: Remote Sensing, v. 9, no. 12, 1234; 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121234.","productDescription":"1234; 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-088696","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121234","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M907KT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Biomass, and Nitrogen Content of Goose Forage, Northern Alaska, 2011-2018"},{"id":352986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.79,\n 70.455\n ],\n [\n -150.75,\n 70.455\n ],\n [\n -150.75,\n 70.467\n ],\n [\n -150.79,\n 70.467\n ],\n [\n -150.79,\n 70.455\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee79ee4b0da30c1bfc316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogrefe, Kyle R. khogrefe@usgs.gov","contributorId":4264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogrefe","given":"Kyle","email":"khogrefe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patil, Vijay P. 0000-0002-9357-194X vpatil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-194X","contributorId":203676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patil","given":"Vijay","email":"vpatil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":732075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meixell, Brandt W. 0000-0002-6738-0349 bmeixell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-0349","contributorId":138716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meixell","given":"Brandt","email":"bmeixell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Budde, Michael E. 0000-0002-9098-2751 mbudde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":3007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"Michael","email":"mbudde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":732078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70193221,"text":"70193221 - 2017 - Documenting mudstone heterogeneity by use of principal component analysis of X-ray diffraction and portable X-ray fluorescence data: A case study in the Triassic Shublik Formation, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-18T12:31:27","indexId":"70193221","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Documenting mudstone heterogeneity by use of principal component analysis of X-ray diffraction and portable X-ray fluorescence data: A case study in the Triassic Shublik Formation, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"Determining the chemical and mineralogical variability within fine-grained mudrocks poses analytical challenges but is potentially useful for documenting subtle stratigraphic differences in physicochemical environments that may influence petroleum reservoir properties and behavior. In this study, we investigate the utility of combining principal component analysis (PCA) of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) data to identify simplifying relationships within a large number of samples and subsequently evaluate a subset that encompasses the full spectrum or range of mineral and chemical variability within a vertical section. Samples were collected and analyzed from a vertical core of the Shublik Formation, a heterogeneous, phosphate-rich, calcareous mudstone-to-marl unit deposited in the Arctic Alaska Basin (AAB) during the Middle and Late Triassic. The Shublik is a major petroleum source rock in the Alaskan North Slope, and is considered a prime target for continuous self-sourced resource plays.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEPM-AAPG Research Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM-AAPG Research Conference","usgsCitation":"Boehlke, A., Whidden, K.J., and Benzel, W., 2017, Documenting mudstone heterogeneity by use of principal component analysis of X-ray diffraction and portable X-ray fluorescence data: A case study in the Triassic Shublik Formation, Alaska North Slope, in SEPM-AAPG Research Conference, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-074995","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf9e4b06e28e9c22a50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boehlke, Adam 0000-0003-4980-431X aboehlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-431X","contributorId":3470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehlke","given":"Adam","email":"aboehlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whidden, Katherine J. 0000-0002-7841-2553 kwhidden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-2553","contributorId":3960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whidden","given":"Katherine","email":"kwhidden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benzel, William 0000-0002-4085-1876 wbenzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-1876","contributorId":3594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benzel","given":"William","email":"wbenzel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197066,"text":"70197066 - 2017 - Earth science atlas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T13:42:12","indexId":"70197066","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Earth science atlas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dynamic geology of the Northern Cordillera (Alaska and western Canada) and adjacent marine areas: Tectonics, hazards, and resources","language":"English","publisher":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Bundtzen, T.K., Scholl, D.W., and Stone, D.B., 2017, Earth science atlas, chap. of Dynamic geology of the Northern Cordillera (Alaska and western Canada) and adjacent marine areas: Tectonics, hazards, and resources, E-book.","productDescription":"E-book","ipdsId":"IP-081620","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354206,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/handle/11122/7994"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e62fe4b060350a15d268","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737772,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737773,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Price, Raymond A.","contributorId":205543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737774,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737775,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, David B.","contributorId":65324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"David B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737776,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":192968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stone, David B.","contributorId":193572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}