{"pageNumber":"61","pageRowStart":"1500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":4111,"records":[{"id":70148334,"text":"70148334 - 2015 - Performance of species occurrence estimators when basic assumptions are not met: a test using field data where true occupancy status is known","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T09:21:26","indexId":"70148334","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-27T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance of species occurrence estimators when basic assumptions are not met: a test using field data where true occupancy status is known","docAbstract":"
    \n
  1. Populations are rarely censused. Instead, observations are subject to incomplete detection, misclassification and detection heterogeneity that result from human and environmental constraints. Though numerous methods have been developed to deal with observational uncertainty, validation under field conditions is rare because truth is rarely known in these cases.
    2. \n
  2. We present the most comprehensive test of occupancy estimation methods to date, using more than 33 000 auditory call observations collected under standard field conditions and where the true occupancy status of sites was known. Basic occupancy estimation approaches were biased when two key assumptions were not met: that no false positives occur and that no unexplained heterogeneity in detection parameters occurs. The greatest bias occurred for dynamic parameters (i.e. local colonization and extinction), and in many cases, the degree of inaccuracy would render results largely useless.
    3. \n
  3. We examined three approaches to increase adherence or relax these assumptions: modifying the sampling design, employing estimators that account for false-positive detections and using covariates to account for site-level heterogeneity in both false-negative and false-positive detection probabilities. We demonstrate that bias can be substantially reduced by modifications to sampling methods and by using estimators that simultaneously account for false-positive detections and site-level covariates to explain heterogeneity.
    4. \n
  4. Our results demonstrate that even small probabilities of misidentification and among-site detection heterogeneity can have severe effects on estimator reliability if ignored. We challenge researchers to place greater attention on both heterogeneity and false positives when designing and analysing occupancy studies. We provide 9 specific recommendations for the design, implementation and analysis of occupancy studies to better meet this challenge.
    5. \n
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/2041-210X.12342","usgsCitation":"Miller, D.A., Bailey, L., Grant, E., McClintock, B.T., Weir, L.A., and Simons, T.R., 2015, Performance of species occurrence estimators when basic assumptions are not met: a test using field data where true occupancy status is known: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 5, p. 557-565, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12342.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"565","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058867","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12342","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566dcb1e4b0d9246a9ec297","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/2041-210x.12342","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12342","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Miller David A. W., Bailey Larissa L., Grant Evan H. Campbell, McClintock Brett T., Weir Linda A., Simons Theodore R.","journalName":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","publicationDate":"3/27/2015","auditedOn":"2/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David A. W.","contributorId":126732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A. W.","affiliations":[{"id":5039,"text":"Department of Environment, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, Evan H. Campbell","contributorId":14686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McClintock, Brett T. 0000-0001-6154-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6154-4376","contributorId":83785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClintock","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weir, Linda A. lweir@usgs.gov","contributorId":140505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weir","given":"Linda","email":"lweir@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Simons, Theodore R. 0000-0002-1884-6229 tsimons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-6229","contributorId":2623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Theodore","email":"tsimons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70148163,"text":"70148163 - 2015 - Different populations of blacklegged tick nymphs exhibit differences in questing behavior that have implications for human lyme disease risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-28T09:31:13","indexId":"70148163","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-21T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Different populations of blacklegged tick nymphs exhibit differences in questing behavior that have implications for human lyme disease risk","docAbstract":"

Animal behavior can have profound effects on pathogen transmission and disease incidence. We studied the questing (= host-seeking) behavior of blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) nymphs, which are the primary vectors of Lyme disease in the eastern United States. Lyme disease is common in northern but not in southern regions, and prior ecological studies have found that standard methods used to collect host-seeking nymphs in northern regions are unsuccessful in the south. This led us to hypothesize that there are behavior differences between northern and southern nymphs that alter how readily they are collected, and how likely they are to transmit the etiological agent of Lyme disease to humans. To examine this question, we compared the questing behavior of I. scapularis nymphs originating from one northern (Lyme disease endemic) and two southern (non-endemic) US regions at field sites in Wisconsin, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Florida. Laboratory-raised uninfected nymphs were monitored in circular 0.2 m2 arenas containing wooden dowels (mimicking stems of understory vegetation) for 10 (2011) and 19 (2012) weeks. The probability of observing nymphs questing on these stems (2011), and on stems, on top of leaf litter, and on arena walls (2012) was much greater for northern than for southern origin ticks in both years and at all field sites (19.5 times greater in 2011; 3.6-11.6 times greater in 2012). Our findings suggest that southern origin I. scapularis nymphs rarely emerge from the leaf litter, and consequently are unlikely to contact passing humans. We propose that this difference in questing behavior accounts for observed geographic differences in the efficacy of the standard sampling techniques used to collect questing nymphs. These findings also support our hypothesis that very low Lyme disease incidence in southern states is, in part, a consequence of the type of host-seeking behavior exhibited by southern populations of the key Lyme disease vector.

","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0127450","usgsCitation":"Arsnoe, I.M., Hickling, G.J., Ginsberg, H.S., McElreath, R., and Tsao, J.I., 2015, Different populations of blacklegged tick nymphs exhibit differences in questing behavior that have implications for human lyme disease risk: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 5, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127450.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064856","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127450","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659937e4b0d9246a9eb614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arsnoe, Isis M.","contributorId":140902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arsnoe","given":"Isis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickling, Graham J.","contributorId":140903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hickling","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. hginsberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":140901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McElreath, Richard","contributorId":140904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McElreath","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tsao, Jean I.","contributorId":140905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsao","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70160655,"text":"70160655 - 2015 - Use of 2H and 18O stable isotopes to investigate water sources for different ages of Populus euphratica along the lower Heihe River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T11:13:10","indexId":"70160655","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1461,"text":"Ecological Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of 2H and 18O stable isotopes to investigate water sources for different ages of Populus euphratica along the lower Heihe River","docAbstract":"

Investigation of the water sources used by trees of different ages is essential to formulate a conservation strategy for the riparian tree, P. euphratica. This study addressed the contributions of different potential water sources to P. euphratica based on levels of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (δ18O, δ2H) in the xylem of different aged P. euphratica, as well as in soil water and groundwater along the lower Heihe River. We found significant differences in δ18O values in the xylem of different aged P. euphratica. Specifically, the δ18O values of young, mature and over-mature forests were −5.368(±0.252) ‰, −6.033(± 0.185) ‰ and −6.924 (± 0.166) ‰, respectively, reflecting the reliance of older trees on deeper sources of water with a δ18O value closer to that of groundwater. Different aged P. euphratica used different water sources, with young forests rarely using groundwater (mean <15 %) and instead primarily relying on soil water from a depth of 0–50 cm (mean >45 %), and mature and over-mature forests using water from deeper than 100 cm derived primarily from groundwater.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Japan","doi":"10.1007/s11284-015-1270-6","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., Friedman, J.M., Fan, G., and Hati, J.H., 2015, Use of 2H and 18O stable isotopes to investigate water sources for different ages of Populus euphratica along the lower Heihe River: Ecological Research, v. 30, no. 4, p. 581-587, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-015-1270-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"581","endPage":"587","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059426","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-015-1270-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Lower Heihe River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 98.81103515625,\n 38.81403111409755\n ],\n [\n 98.81103515625,\n 42.21224516288584\n ],\n [\n 102.67822265625,\n 42.21224516288584\n ],\n [\n 102.67822265625,\n 38.81403111409755\n ],\n [\n 98.81103515625,\n 38.81403111409755\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56826b49e4b0a04ef4925bab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Shubao","contributorId":150884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Shubao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18132,"text":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Yaning","contributorId":150885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Yaning","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18132,"text":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, Yapeng","contributorId":150886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Yapeng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18132,"text":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fan, Gonghuan","contributorId":150887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fan","given":"Gonghuan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18132,"text":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hati, Jarre Heng A.","contributorId":150888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hati","given":"Jarre","email":"","middleInitial":"Heng A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70147535,"text":"70147535 - 2015 - Size distribution of rare earth elements in coal ash","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-01T20:20:55.509053","indexId":"70147535","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Size distribution of rare earth elements in coal ash","docAbstract":"

Rare earth elements (REEs) are utilized in various applications that are vital to the automotive, petrochemical, medical, and information technology industries. As world demand for REEs increases, critical shortages are expected. Due to the retention of REEs during coal combustion, coal fly ash is increasingly considered a potential resource. Previous studies have demonstrated that coal fly ash is variably enriched in REEs relative to feed coal (e.g, Seredin and Dai, 2012) and that enrichment increases with decreasing size fractions (Blissett et al., 2014). In order to further explore the REE resource potential of coal ash, and determine the partitioning behavior of REE as a function of grain size, we studied whole coal and fly ash size-fractions collected from three U.S commercial-scale coal-fired generating stations burning Appalachian or Powder River Basin coal. Whole fly ash was separated into , 5 um, to 5 to 10 um and 10 to 100 um particle size fractions by mechanical shaking using trace-metal clean procedures. In these samples REE enrichments in whole fly ash ranges 5.6 to 18.5 times that of feedcoals. Partitioning results for size separates relative to whole coal and whole fly ash will also be reported. 

","conferenceTitle":"World of Coal Ash","conferenceDate":"May 5-7, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Nashville, TN","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Scott, C., Deonarine, A., Kolker, A., Adams, M., and Holland, J., 2015, Size distribution of rare earth elements in coal ash, World of Coal Ash, Nashville, TN, May 5-7, 2015, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065352","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313254,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568ba5e1e4b0e7594ee776c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Clint 0000-0003-2778-2711 clintonscott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2778-2711","contributorId":5332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Clint","email":"clintonscott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deonarine, Amrika adeonarine@usgs.gov","contributorId":5072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deonarine","given":"Amrika","email":"adeonarine@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Monique madams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Monique","email":"madams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holland, James","contributorId":354037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":935014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148076,"text":"70148076 - 2015 - AMDTreat 5.0+ with PHREEQC titration module to compute caustic chemical quantity, effluent quality, and sludge volume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-25T15:43:38","indexId":"70148076","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"AMDTreat 5.0+ with PHREEQC titration module to compute caustic chemical quantity, effluent quality, and sludge volume","docAbstract":"

Alkaline chemicals are commonly added to discharges from coal mines to increase pH and decrease concentrations of acidity and dissolved aluminum, iron, manganese, and associated metals. The annual cost of chemical treatment depends on the type and quantities of chemicals added and sludge produced. The AMDTreat computer program, initially developed in 2003, is widely used to compute such costs on the basis of the user-specified flow rate and water quality data for the untreated AMD. Although AMDTreat can use results of empirical titration of net-acidic or net-alkaline effluent with caustic chemicals to accurately estimate costs for treatment, such empirical data are rarely available. A titration simulation module using the geochemical program PHREEQC has been incorporated with AMDTreat 5.0+ to improve the capability of AMDTreat to estimate: (1) the quantity and cost of caustic chemicals to attain a target pH, (2) the chemical composition of the treated effluent, and (3) the volume of sludge produced by the treatment. The simulated titration results for selected caustic chemicals (NaOH, CaO, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3, or NH3) without aeration or with pre-aeration can be compared with or used in place of empirical titration data to estimate chemical quantities, treated effluent composition, sludge volume (precipitated metals plus unreacted chemical), and associated treatment costs. This paper describes the development, evaluation, and potential utilization of the PHREEQC titration module with the new AMDTreat 5.0+ computer program available at http://www.amd.osmre.gov/.

","language":"English","publisher":"International Mine Water Association","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s10230-014-0292-6","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., Means, B.P., Arthur, W., McKenzie, R.M., and Parkhurst, D.L., 2015, AMDTreat 5.0+ with PHREEQC titration module to compute caustic chemical quantity, effluent quality, and sludge volume: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 34, no. 2, p. 136-152, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-014-0292-6.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"136","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043936","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c5eafe4b0a92fa7eacbf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":138829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles A.","suffix":"III","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Means, Brent P","contributorId":140842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Means","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":13592,"text":"US Office of Surface Mining","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arthur, Willam","contributorId":140844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arthur","given":"Willam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13592,"text":"US Office of Surface Mining","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKenzie, Robert M","contributorId":140843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":13592,"text":"US Office of Surface Mining","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70147254,"text":"70147254 - 2015 - Species richness and distributions of boreal waterbirds in relation to nesting and brood-rearing habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T12:41:28","indexId":"70147254","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-29T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species richness and distributions of boreal waterbirds in relation to nesting and brood-rearing habitats","docAbstract":"

Identification of ecological factors that drive animal distributions allows us to understand why distributions vary temporally and spatially, and to develop models to predict future changes to populations–vital tools for effective wildlife management and conservation. For waterbird broods in the boreal forest, distributions are likely driven by factors affecting quality of nesting and brood-rearing habitats, and the influence of these factors may extend beyond singles species, affecting the entire waterbird community. We used occupancy models to assess factors influencing species richness of waterbird broods on 72 boreal lakes, along with brood distributions of 3 species of conservation concern: lesser scaup (Aythya affinis), white-winged scoters (Melanitta fusca), and horned grebe (Podiceps auritus). Factors examined included abundance of invertebrate foods (Amphipoda, Diptera, Gastropoda, Hemiptera, Odonata), physical lake attributes (lake area, emergent vegetation), water chemistry (nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations), and nesting habitats (water edge, non-forest cover). Of the 5 invertebrates, only amphipod density was related to richness and occupancy, consistently having a large and positive relationship. Despite this importance to waterbirds, amphipods were the most patchily distributed invertebrate, with 17% of the study lakes containing 70% of collected amphipods. Lake area was the only other covariate that strongly and positively influenced species richness and occupancy of scaup, scoters, and grebes. All 3 water chemistry covariates, which provided alternative measures of lake productivity, were positively related to species richness but had little effect on scaup, scoter, and grebe occupancy. Conversely, emergent vegetation was negatively related to richness, reflecting avoidance of overgrown lakes by broods. Finally, nesting habitats had no influence on richness and occupancy, indicating that, at a broad spatial scale, brood distributions are largely driven by the presence of quality brood-rearing lakes, not nesting habitats. Our findings are relevant to generating conservation plans or management goals; specifically, boreal lakes with abundant amphipods and surface areas >25 ha are important habitat for waterbird broods and merit conservation, especially given the patchy distribution of amphipods. Moreover, these high quality brood-rearing lakes are much rarer, and thus more constraining, than are quality nesting habitats, which are likely abundant in the boreal.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.837","usgsCitation":"Lewis, T., Lindberg, M., Schmutz, J.A., Bertram, M.R., and Dubour, A.J., 2015, Species richness and distributions of boreal waterbirds in relation to nesting and brood-rearing habitats: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 79, no. 2, p. 296-310, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.837.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053141","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.4747314453125,\n 65.96661446478602\n ],\n [\n -146.326904296875,\n 66.3132419108725\n ],\n [\n -144.64599609375,\n 65.96437717203096\n ],\n [\n -143.843994140625,\n 66.45408107252952\n ],\n [\n -145.843505859375,\n 66.77458576472547\n ],\n [\n -148.721923828125,\n 66.46943736242146\n ],\n [\n -148.4747314453125,\n 65.96661446478602\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5541f2d1e4b0a658d793b243","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/jwmg.837","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.837","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Lewis Tyler L., Lindberg Mark S., Schmutz Joel A., Bertram Mark R., Dubour Adam J.","journalName":"The Journal of Wildlife Management","publicationDate":"2/2015","auditedOn":"2/8/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Tyler L.","contributorId":22904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Tyler L.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":89466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bertram, Mark R.","contributorId":140463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bertram","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dubour, Adam J.","contributorId":140464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubour","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70135096,"text":"fs20143101 - 2015 - Rhenium: a rare metal critical in modern transportation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-23T09:30:46","indexId":"fs20143101","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-22T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3101","title":"Rhenium: a rare metal critical in modern transportation","docAbstract":"

Rhenium is a silvery-white, metallic element with an extremely high melting point (3,180 degrees Celsius) and a heat-stable crystalline structure, making it exceptionally resistant to heat and wear. Since the late 1980s, rhenium has been critical for superalloys used in turbine blades and in catalysts used to produce lead-free gasoline.

\n

One of the rarest elements, rhenium has an average abundance of less than one part per billion in the continental crust. Rhenium was the last stable, naturally occurring element discovered. Although its existence was predicted in 1871—Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev noted two vacant slots below manganese on the periodic table of elements—rhenium was not isolated until 1925, when German chemists Walker Noddack, Ida Tacke, and Otto Berg detected it in platinum ore.

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Rhenium rarely occurs as a native element or as its own sulfide mineral—rheniite (ReS2)—and often occurs as a substitute for molybdenum in molybdenite (MoS2). Most extracted rhenium is a byproduct of copper mining, with about 80 percent recovered from flue dust during the processing of molybdenite concentrates from porphyry copper deposits.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143101","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., 2015, Rhenium: a rare metal critical in modern transportation: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3101, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143101.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054779","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143101.jpg"},{"id":299816,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3101/"},{"id":299817,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3101/pdf/fs2014-3101.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5538b817e4b02c4db8d20ce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70131496,"text":"fs20143077 - 2015 - Tellurium: providing a bright future for solar energy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-23T09:32:42","indexId":"fs20143077","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-22T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3077","title":"Tellurium: providing a bright future for solar energy","docAbstract":"

Tellurium is one of the least common elements on Earth. Most rocks contain an average of about 3 parts per billion tellurium, making it rarer than the rare earth elements and eight times less abundant than gold. Grains of native tellurium appear in rocks as a brittle, silvery-white material, but tellurium more commonly occurs in telluride minerals that include varied quantities of gold, silver, or platinum. Tellurium is a metalloid, meaning it possesses the properties of both metals and nonmetals.

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Tellurium was discovered within gold ores in the late 1780s in Transylvania, Romania. Fifteen years later, the element was isolated as a distinct substance and named tellurium, after the Latin word “tellus,” which means “fruit of the Earth.” Recovered tellurium has historically been used in metallurgy as an additive to stainless steel and in alloys made with copper, lead, and iron.

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Because of its low abundance, little is known about environmental baseline concentrations for tellurium or its toxic effect on humans and ecosystems. Human exposure to tellurium can lead to a garlic odor on the breath, nausea, and eventual respiratory problems.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143077","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R.J., 2015, Tellurium: providing a bright future for solar energy: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3077, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143077.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055430","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143077.jpg"},{"id":299823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3077/pdf/fs2014-3077.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3077/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5538b819e4b02c4db8d20ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70146520,"text":"70146520 - 2015 - Critical metals in manganese nodules from the Cook Islands EEZ, abundances and distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-11T08:33:52","indexId":"70146520","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Critical metals in manganese nodules from the Cook Islands EEZ, abundances and distributions","docAbstract":"

The Cook Islands (CIs) Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) encompasses 1,977,000 km2 and includes the Penrhyn and Samoa basins abyssal plains where manganese nodules flourish due to the availability of prolific nucleus material, slow sedimentation rates, and strong bottom currents. A group of CIs nodules was analyzed for mineralogical and chemical composition, which include many critical metals not before analyzed for CIs nodules. These nodules have varying sizes and nuclei material; however all are composed predominantly of δ-MnO2 and X-ray amorphous iron oxyhydroxide. The mineralogy, Fe/Mn ratios, rare earth element contents, and slow growth rates (mean 1.9 mm/106 years) reflect formation primarily by hydrogenetic precipitation. The paucity of diagenetic input can be explained by low primary productivity at the surface and resultant low organic matter content in seafloor sediment, producing oxic seafloor and sub-seafloor environments. The nodules contain high mean contents of Co (0.41%), Ni (0.38%), Ti (1.20%), and total rare earth elements plus yttrium (REY; 0.167%), and also high contents of Mo, Nb, V, W, and Zr.

\n

Compiled data from a series of four cruises by the Japan International Cooperation Agency and the Mining agency of Japan from 1985 to 2000 were used to generate a map that defines the statistical distribution of nodule abundance throughout the EEZ, except the Manihiki Plateau. The abundance distribution map shows a belt of high nodule abundance (19–45 kg/m2) that starts in the southeast corner of the EEZ, runs northwest, and also bifurcates into a SW trending branch. Small, isolated areas contain abundances of nodules of up to 58 kg/m2. Six ~ 20,000 km2 areas of particularly high abundance were chosen to represent potential exploration areas, and maps for metal concentration were generated to visualize metal distribution and to extrapolate estimated metal tonnages within the six sites and the EEZ as a whole. Grades for Mn, Cu, and Ni are low in CIs nodules in areas of high abundance; however, Ti, Co, and REY show high contents where nodule abundances are high. Of the six areas identified to represent a range of metal contents, one at the northern end of the N-S abundance main belt optimizes the most metals and would yield the highest dry metric tons for Mn (61,002,292), Ni (1,247,834), Mo (186,166), V (356,247), W (30,215), and Zr (195,323). When compared with the Clarion–Clipperton Zone, the CIs nodules show higher nodule abundances (> 25 kg/m2 over ~ 123,844 km2), and are more enriched in the green-tech, high-tech, and energy metals Co, Ti, Te, Nb, REY, Pt, and Zr. The CIs EEZ shows a significant resource potential for these critical metals due to their high prices, high demand, and the high nodule abundance, which will allow for a smaller footprint for a 20-year mine site and therefore smaller environmental impact.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.12.011","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., Spinardi, F., Okamoto, N., Mizell, K., Thorburn, D., and Tawake, A., 2015, Critical metals in manganese nodules from the Cook Islands EEZ, abundances and distributions: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 68, p. 97-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.12.011.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059336","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cook Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.20263671875,\n -21.616579336740593\n ],\n [\n -159.49951171875,\n -21.616579336740593\n ],\n [\n -159.49951171875,\n -20.776659051878816\n ],\n [\n -160.20263671875,\n -20.776659051878816\n ],\n [\n -160.20263671875,\n -21.616579336740593\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5530cf1ee4b0b22a15806137","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spinardi, Francesca fspinardi@usgs.gov","contributorId":4916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinardi","given":"Francesca","email":"fspinardi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okamoto, Nobuyuki","contributorId":140284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Okamoto","given":"Nobuyuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13441,"text":"Sea-Floor Mineral Resources R&D Division, Metals Mining Technology Dept., JOGMEC, 2-10-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mizell, Kira 0000-0002-5066-787X kmizell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-787X","contributorId":4914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mizell","given":"Kira","email":"kmizell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thorburn, Darryl","contributorId":140285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorburn","given":"Darryl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13442,"text":"Seabed Minerals Authority, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tawake, Akuila","contributorId":140286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tawake","given":"Akuila","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13443,"text":"SOPAC Division of the SPC, Private Mail Bag, GPO, Suva, Fiji Islands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70144368,"text":"70144368 - 2015 - Global trends in emerging viral diseases of wildlife origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-24T19:28:40.037907","indexId":"70144368","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-10T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Global trends in emerging viral diseases of wildlife origin","docAbstract":"

Fifty years ago, infectious diseases were rarely considered threats to wildlife populations, and the study of wildlife diseases was largely a neglected endeavor. Furthermore, public health leaders at that time had declared that “it is time to close the book on infectious diseases and the war against pestilence won,” a quote attributed to Dr. William H. Stewart in 1967. There is some debate whether he actually said these words; however, they reflect the widespread belief at that time (Spellberg, 2008). Leap forward to today, and the book on infectious diseases has been dusted off. There is general consensus that the global environment favors the emergence of infectious diseases, and in particular, diseases of wildlife origin (Taylor et al., 2001). Examples of drivers of these infectious diseases include climate and landscape changes, human demographic and behavior changes, global travel and trade, microbial adaptation, and lack of appropriate infrastructure for wildlife disease control and prevention (Daszak et al., 2001). The consequences of these emerging diseases are global and profound with increased burden on the public health system, negative impacts on the global economy and food security, declines and extinctions of wildlife species, and subsequent loss of ecosystem integrity. For example, 35 million people are currently living with HIV infection globally (http://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en); 400 million poultry have been culled since 2003 as a result of efforts to control highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza (http://www.fao.org/avianflu/en/index.html), and there are increasing biological and ecological consequences.

\n

Examples of health threats to biodiversity include the “spillover” of human diseases to great ape populations (Köndgen et al., 2008), the near-extirpation of the black-footed ferret from canine distemper and sylvatic plague (for a review see Abbott et al., 2012), and threats to Hawaiian forest birds from introduced pathogens such as avian malaria and avian pox (van Riper et al., 1986, 2002). There are also newly discovered pathogens or diseases that have resulted in population declines, and global extinctions of several species. Examples include Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes a cutaneous fungal infection of amphibians and is linked to declines of amphibians globally (Kriger and Hero, 2009); and recently discovered Pseudogymnoascus (Geomyces) destructans, the etiologic agent of white-nose syndrome (WNS), which has caused precipitous declines of North American bat species (Blehert et al., 2009). Furthermore, there is increasing evidence of the subsequent impacts on human and ecosystem health; for example, increasing risk of exposure to Lyme disease as a consequence of decreased biodiversity (LoGiudice et al., 2003) as well as the economic cost of the loss of bats due to decreased insect control services (Boyles et al., 2011). Figure A12-1 is a timeline of important diseases investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey since the 1970s, which illustrates three factors:

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1. The unprecedented emergence of new pathogens and geographic spread of known pathogens since the 1990s;

\n

2. Diseases are increasingly causing large-scale, negative impacts on wildlife populations and spreading over larger geographic areas rather than remaining localized; and

\n

3. Diseases are increasingly of concern for multiple sectors, including public health, agriculture and wildlife management agencies.

\n

Of increasing concern are these novel diseases such as WNS as they are hard to anticipate, particularly devastating to human health or wildlife populations, challenging to manage, spread over large geographic areas in short time periods, and may result in ecological ripple effects that are difficult to predict.

\n

The following article provides examples of recently emerged viral diseases of wildlife origin. The examples have been selected to illustrate the drivers of emerging viral diseases, both novel pathogens and previously known diseases, the impacts of these diseases, as well as the role of wildlife both as “villains” or reservoirs as well as “victims” of these viral diseases. The article also discusses potential management strategies for emerging viral diseases in wildlife populations and future science directions in wildlife health to prevent, prepare, respond to, and recover from these disease events. Finally, the concept of One Health and its potential role in developing solutions to these issues of mutual concern is discussed.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Emerging viral dieases: the One Health connection: workshop summary","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Emerging Viral Diseases: The \"One Health\" Connection","conferenceDate":"March 18-19, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Washington, D.C.","language":"English","publisher":"The National Academies Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","isbn":"9780309313971","usgsCitation":"Sleeman, J.M., and Ip, S., 2015, Global trends in emerging viral diseases of wildlife origin, in Emerging viral dieases: the One Health connection: workshop summary, Washington, D.C., March 18-19, 2014, p. 248-262.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058814","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299561,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nap.edu/catalog/18975/emerging-viral-diseases-the-one-health-connection-workshop-summary"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5528e61ce4b026915857cafe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-9910-6125 jsleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-6125","contributorId":128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jsleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":82110,"text":"Midcontinent Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70144432,"text":"70144432 - 2015 - Do management actions to restore rare habitat benefit native fish conservation? Distribution of juvenile native fish among shoreline habitats of the Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-07T10:14:29","indexId":"70144432","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-02T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do management actions to restore rare habitat benefit native fish conservation? Distribution of juvenile native fish among shoreline habitats of the Colorado River","docAbstract":"

Many management actions in aquatic ecosystems are directed at restoring or improving specific habitats to benefit fish populations. In the Grand Canyon reach of the Colorado River, experimental flow operations as part of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program have been designed to restore sandbars and associated backwater habitats. Backwaters can have warmer water temperatures than other habitats, and native fish, including the federally endangered humpback chub Gila cypha, are frequently observed in backwaters, leading to a common perception that this habitat is critical for juvenile native fish conservation. However, it is unknown how fish densities in backwaters compare with that in other habitats or what proportion of juvenile fish populations reside in backwaters. Here, we develop and fit multi-species hierarchical models to estimate habitat-specific abundances and densities of juvenile humpback chub, bluehead suckerCatostomus discobolus, flannelmouth sucker Catostomus latipinnis and speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus in a portion of the Colorado River. Densities of all four native fish were greatest in backwater habitats in 2009 and 2010. However, backwaters are rare and ephemeral habitats, so they contain only a small portion of the overall population. For example, the total abundance of juvenile humpback chub in this study was much higher in talus than in backwater habitats. Moreover, when we extrapolated relative densities based on estimates of backwater prevalence directly after a controlled flood, the majority of juvenile humpback chub were still found outside of backwaters. This suggests that the role of controlled floods in influencing native fish population trends may be limited in this section of the Colorado River. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2842","usgsCitation":"Dodrill, M.J., Yackulic, C.B., Gerig, B., Pine, W.E., Korman, J., and Finch, C., 2015, Do management actions to restore rare habitat benefit native fish conservation? Distribution of juvenile native fish among shoreline habitats of the Colorado River: River Research and Applications, v. 31, no. 10, p. 1203-1217, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2842.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1203","endPage":"1217","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052358","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.8902587890625,\n 36.097938036628065\n ],\n [\n -111.8902587890625,\n 36.289670126842225\n ],\n [\n -111.74057006835936,\n 36.289670126842225\n ],\n [\n -111.74057006835936,\n 36.097938036628065\n ],\n [\n -111.8902587890625,\n 36.097938036628065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551e5a1ee4b027f0aee3b873","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodrill, Michael J. 0000-0002-7038-7170 mdodrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7038-7170","contributorId":5468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodrill","given":"Michael","email":"mdodrill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerig, Brandon","contributorId":139958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerig","given":"Brandon","affiliations":[{"id":13331,"text":"University of Florida, Dept. of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pine, William E. III","contributorId":139959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pine","given":"William","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13332,"text":"Uni. of Florida Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Korman, Josh","contributorId":139960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Korman","given":"Josh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13333,"text":"Ecometric Research Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finch, Colton","contributorId":139961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finch","given":"Colton","affiliations":[{"id":13334,"text":"Uni. of Florida, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70157067,"text":"70157067 - 2015 - Terrestrial ecology of semi-aquatic giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-09T11:30:14","indexId":"70157067","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial ecology of semi-aquatic giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas)","docAbstract":"

Wetlands are a vital component of habitat for semiaquatic herpetofauna, but for most species adjacent terrestrial habitats are also essential. We examined the use of terrestrial environments by Giant Gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) to provide behavioral information relevant to conservation of this state and federally listed threatened species. We used radio telemetry data collected 1995–2011 from adults at several sites throughout the Sacramento Valley, California, USA, to examine Giant Gartersnake use of the terrestrial environment. We found Giant Gartersnakes in terrestrial environments more than half the time during the summer, with the use of terrestrial habitats increasing to nearly 100% during brumation. While in terrestrial habitats, we found Giant Gartersnakes underground more than half the time in the early afternoon during summer, and the probability of being underground increased to nearly 100% of the time at all hours during brumation. Extreme temperatures also increased the probability that we would find Giant Gartersnakes underground. Under most conditions, we found Giant Gartersnakes to be within 10 m of water at 95% of observations. For females during brumation and individuals that we found underground, however, the average individual had a 10% probability of being located > 20 m from water. Individual variation in each of the response variables was extensive; therefore, predicting the behavior of an individual was fraught with uncertainty. Nonetheless, our estimates provide resource managers with valuable information about the importance of protecting and carefully managing terrestrial habitats for conserving a rare semiaquatic snake.

","language":"English","publisher":"Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation","publisherLocation":"Texarkana, TX","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., Skalos, S.M., Wylie, G.D., and Casazza, M.L., 2015, Terrestrial ecology of semi-aquatic giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas): Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 10, no. 2, p. 633-644.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"633","endPage":"644","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065175","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307932,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/Volume_10/Issue_2/Halstead_etal_2015.pdf"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f15834e4b0dacf699eb985","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skalos, Shannon M. sskalos@usgs.gov","contributorId":147372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalos","given":"Shannon","email":"sskalos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Glenn D. 0000-0002-7061-6658 glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-6658","contributorId":3052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159688,"text":"70159688 - 2015 - Climatology of extreme daily precipitation in Colorado and its diverse spatial and seasonal variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-18T10:28:03","indexId":"70159688","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatology of extreme daily precipitation in Colorado and its diverse spatial and seasonal variability","docAbstract":"

The climatology of Colorado’s historical extreme precipitation events shows a remarkable degree of seasonal and regional variability. Analysis of the largest historical daily precipitation totals at COOP stations across Colorado by season indicates that the largest recorded daily precipitation totals have ranged from less than 60 mm day−1 in some areas to more than 250 mm day−1 in others. East of the Continental Divide, winter events are rarely among the top 10 events at a given site, but spring events dominate in and near the foothills; summer events are most common across the lower-elevation eastern plains, while fall events are most typical for the lower elevations west of the Divide. The seasonal signal in Colorado’s central mountains is complex; high-elevation intense precipitation events have occurred in all months of the year, including summer, when precipitation is more likely to be liquid (as opposed to snow), which poses more of an instantaneous flood risk. Notably, the historic Colorado Front Range daily rainfall totals that contributed to the damaging floods in September 2013 occurred outside of that region’s typical season for most extreme precipitation (spring–summer). That event and many others highlight the fact that extreme precipitation in Colorado has occurred historically during all seasons and at all elevations, emphasizing a year-round statewide risk.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-14-0112.1","usgsCitation":"Mahoney, K.M., Ralph, F.M., Walter, K., Doesken, N., Dettinger, M.D., Gottas, D., Coleman, T., and White, A., 2015, Climatology of extreme daily precipitation in Colorado and its diverse spatial and seasonal variability: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 16, no. 2, p. 781-792, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0112.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"792","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057291","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0112.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf45e4b0112df6c62df4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahoney, Kelly M.","contributorId":16302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahoney","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ralph, F. Martin","contributorId":57350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walter, Klaus","contributorId":149939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walter","given":"Klaus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17859,"text":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doesken, Nolan","contributorId":149940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doesken","given":"Nolan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17860,"text":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gottas, Daniel","contributorId":149941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gottas","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17861,"text":"NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory/Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coleman, Timothy","contributorId":149942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17859,"text":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"White, Allen","contributorId":149943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Allen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17861,"text":"NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory/Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70150453,"text":"70150453 - 2015 - Desertification, salinization, and biotic homogenization in a dryland river ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-26T09:54:51","indexId":"70150453","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Desertification, salinization, and biotic homogenization in a dryland river ecosystem","docAbstract":"

This study determined long-term changes in fish assemblages, river discharge, salinity, and local precipitation, and examined hydrological drivers of biotic homogenization in a dryland river ecosystem, the Trans-Pecos region of the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte (USA/Mexico). Historical (1977-1989) and current (2010-2011) fish assemblages were analyzed by rarefaction analysis (species richness), nonmetric multidimensional scaling (composition/variability), multiresponse permutation procedures (composition), and paired t-test (variability). Trends in hydrological conditions (1970s-2010s) were examined by Kendall tau and quantile regression, and associations between streamfiow and specific conductance (salinity) by generalized linear models. Since the 1970s, species richness and variability of fish assemblages decreased in the Rio Grande below the confluence with the Rio Conchos (Mexico), a major tributary, but not above it. There was increased representation of lower-flow/higher-salinity tolerant species, thus making fish communities below the confluence taxonomically and functionally more homogeneous to those above it. Unlike findings elsewhere, this biotic homogenization was due primarily to changes in the relative abundances of native species. While Rio Conchos discharge was > 2-fold higher than Rio Grande discharge above their confluence, Rio Conchos discharge decreased during the study period causing Rio Grande discharge below the confluence to also decrease. Rio Conchos salinity is lower than Rio Grande salinity above their confluence and, as Rio Conchos discharge decreased, it caused Rio Grande salinity below the confluence to increase (reduced dilution). Trends in discharge did not correspond to trends in precipitation except at extreme-high (90th quantile) levels. In conclusion, decreasing discharge from the Rio Conchos has led to decreasing flow and increasing salinity in the Rio Grande below the confluence. This spatially uneven desertification and salinization of the Rio Grande has in turn led to a region-wide homogenization of hydrological conditions and of taxonomic and functional attributes of fish assemblages.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.079","usgsCitation":"Miyazono, S., Patino, R., and Taylor, C., 2015, Desertification, salinization, and biotic homogenization in a dryland river ecosystem: Science of the Total Environment, v. 511, p. 444-453, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.079.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"444","endPage":"453","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059894","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"511","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e77b2e4b0b6d21dd65946","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miyazono, S.","contributorId":79310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyazono","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, C.M.","contributorId":64707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70136285,"text":"70136285 - 2015 - Insufficient sampling to identify species affected by turbine collisions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T11:53:05","indexId":"70136285","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insufficient sampling to identify species affected by turbine collisions","docAbstract":"

We compared the number of avian species detected and the sampling effort during fatality monitoring at 50 North American wind facilities. Facilities with short intervals between sampling events and high effort detected more species, but many facilities appeared undersampled. Species accumulation curves for 2 wind facilities studied for more than 1 year had yet to reach an asymptote. The monitoring effort that is typically invested is likely inadequate to identify all of the species killed by wind turbines. This may understate impacts for rare species of conservation concern that collide infrequently with turbines but suffer disproportionate consequences from those fatalities. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.852","usgsCitation":"Beston, J.A., Diffendorfer, J., and Loss, S., 2015, Insufficient sampling to identify species affected by turbine collisions: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 79, no. 3, p. 513-517, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.852.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"517","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057836","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.852","text":"External Repository"},{"id":324916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cebae4b0811616822371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beston, Julie A. jbeston@usgs.gov","contributorId":5673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beston","given":"Julie","email":"jbeston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loss, Scott","contributorId":131107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loss","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160373,"text":"70160373 - 2015 - Distribution of invasive and native riparian woody plants across the western USA in relation to climate, river flow, floodplain geometry and patterns of introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-18T14:59:26","indexId":"70160373","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of invasive and native riparian woody plants across the western USA in relation to climate, river flow, floodplain geometry and patterns of introduction","docAbstract":"

Management of riparian plant invasions across the landscape requires understanding the combined influence of climate, hydrology, geologic constraints and patterns of introduction. We measured abundance of nine riparian woody taxa at 456 stream gages across the western USA. We constructed conditional inference recursive binary partitioning models to discriminate the influence of eleven environmental variables on plant occurrence and abundance, focusing on the two most abundant non-native taxa, Tamarix spp. and Elaeagnus angustifolia, and their native competitor Populus deltoides. River reaches in this study were distributed along a composite gradient from cooler, wetter higher-elevation reaches with higher stream power and earlier snowmelt flood peaks to warmer, drier lower-elevation reaches with lower power and later peaks. Plant distributions were strongly related to climate, hydrologic and geomorphic factors, and introduction history. The strongest associations were with temperature and then precipitation. Among hydrologic and geomorphic variables, stream power, peak flow timing and 10-yr flood magnitude had stronger associations than did peak flow predictability, low-flow magnitude, mean annual flow and channel confinement. Nearby intentional planting of Elaeagnus was the best predictor of its occurrence, but planting of Tamarix was rare. Higher temperatures were associated with greater abundance of Tamarix relative to P. deltoides, and greater abundance of P. deltoides relative toElaeagnus. Populus deltoides abundance was more strongly related to peak flow timing than was that of Elaeagnus or Tamarix. Higher stream power and larger 10-yr floods were associated with greater abundance of P. deltoides and Tamarix relative to Elaeagnus. Therefore, increases in temperature could increase abundance of Tamarix and decrease that of Elaeagnus relative to P. deltoides, changes in peak flow timing caused by climate change or dam operations could increase abundance of both invasive taxa, and dam-induced reductions in flood peaks could increase abundance of Elaeagnus relative to Tamarix and P. deltoides.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Malden, MA","doi":"10.1111/ecog.01285","collaboration":"Ryan McShane, Colorado State University; Daniel Auerbach, Colorado State University; Leroy Poff, Colorado State University; Michael Merigliano University of Montana","usgsCitation":"McShane, R., Auerbach, D., Friedman, J.M., Auble, G.T., Shafroth, P.B., Merigliano, M., Scott, M.L., and Poff, N.L., 2015, Distribution of invasive and native riparian woody plants across the western USA in relation to climate, river flow, floodplain geometry and patterns of introduction: Ecography, v. 38, no. 12, p. 1254-1265, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01285.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1254","endPage":"1265","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061191","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.4375,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -98.26171875,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -101.162109375,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -101.689453125,\n 29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n -102.65625,\n 29.878755346037977\n ],\n [\n -104.80957031249999,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -105.2490234375,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -106.3037109375,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -106.962890625,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -108.369140625,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -108.369140625,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -115.09277343749999,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -114.9169921875,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -117.7734375,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -118.21289062499999,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -118.91601562499999,\n 33.50475906922606\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -120.673828125,\n 34.016241889667015\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -121.4208984375,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -122.16796875,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -123.6181640625,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -124.23339843749999,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -124.67285156250001,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 41.11246878918086\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 42.81152174509788\n ],\n [\n -124.49707031249999,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -124.3212890625,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 47.2195681123155\n ],\n [\n -125.1123046875,\n 47.90161354142075\n ],\n [\n -124.0576171875,\n 48.31242790407178\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -98.4375,\n 49.009050809382046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56753c3ae4b0da412f4f8bcb","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/ecog.01285","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01285","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"McShane Ryan R., Auerbach Daniel A., Friedman Jonathan M., Auble Gregor T., Shafroth Patrick B., Merigliano Michael F., Scott Michael L., Poff N. LeRoy","journalName":"Ecography","publicationDate":"3/28/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McShane, Ryan","contributorId":150718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McShane","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6737,"text":"Colorado State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auerbach, Daniel","contributorId":150719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Auerbach","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6737,"text":"Colorado State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Merigliano, Michael","contributorId":150720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merigliano","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Poff, N. Leroy","contributorId":150721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poff","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"Leroy","affiliations":[{"id":6737,"text":"Colorado State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70148083,"text":"70148083 - 2015 - Variation in the myosoricine hand skeleton and its implications for locomotory behavior (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T09:14:45","indexId":"70148083","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-27T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in the myosoricine hand skeleton and its implications for locomotory behavior (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)","docAbstract":"

Substrate use and locomotory behavior of mammals are typically reflected in external characteristics of the forefeet, such as the relative proportions of the digits and claws. Although skeletal anatomy of the forefeet can be more informative than external characters, skeletons remain rare in systematic collections. This is particularly true for the Myosoricinae (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae), a small clade of African shrews that includes both ambulatory forest shrews (Myosorex) and semifossorial mole shrews (Surdisorex). Most species in this subfamily have restricted distributions, and their behavior and ecology are mostly unstudied. To better understand the potential range of locomotory behavior among myosoricines, we used digital x-rays to image and facilitate measuring the forefoot skeletons of 9 species. As a gauge of potential variation, we compared them with the ambulatory talpid Uropsilus (Talpidae) and the semifossorial talpid Neurotrichus. The hand morphologies of myosoricines show a graded range of potential substrate use between ambulatory and semifossorial. Some of these shrews exhibit adaptations for increased burrowing efficiency that are similar to those seen in talpids and other mammals, such as longer, broader distal phalanges and claws and shorter, wider metacarpals and proximal and middle phalanges. They also, however, have characteristics that are distinct from talpids, such as maintenance of forefoot asymmetry and an increased emphasis of ray III.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyu017","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., and Stabile, F.A., 2015, Variation in the myosoricine hand skeleton and its implications for locomotory behavior (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae): Journal of Mammalogy, v. 96, no. 1, p. 159-171, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyu017.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"171","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057854","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyu017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c5ec9e4b0a92fa7eacc1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stabile, Frank A.","contributorId":140860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stabile","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135264,"text":"sir20145230 - 2015 - Barite: a case study of import reliance on an essential material for oil and gas exploration and development drilling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-19T16:19:54","indexId":"sir20145230","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-19T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5230","title":"Barite: a case study of import reliance on an essential material for oil and gas exploration and development drilling","docAbstract":"

Global dependence on a limited number of countries for specific mineral commodities could lead to sudden supply disruptions for the United States, and barite is one such commodity. Analyses of barite supply amounts and sources for the United States are demonstrative of mineral commodities on which the country is import reliant. Mineral commodity trade flows can be analyzed more easily than import reliances for commodities in which U.S. domestic demand is primarily met by materials contained within manufactured products, as with the rare-earth elements in cellular phones and computers. Barite plays an essential role as a weighting material in drilling muds used in oil and gas drilling, primarily to prevent the explosive release of gas and oil during drilling. The Nation’s efforts to become more energy independent are based largely on the domestic oil and gas industry’s ability to explore and develop onshore and offshore fuel deposits. These activities include increased efforts by the United States to locate and recover oil and gas within unconventional deposits, such as those in the Bakken, Eagle Ford, and Marcellus Formations, using advanced drilling technologies.

\n

Domestic barite production was about 670,000 metric tons (t) in 2012, equivalent to about 20 percent of the domestic drilling industry’s barite demand. Mine production for the United States in 2012 was about one-third of what was produced in 1980. In 2012, barite imported from China was approximately 2.2 million t and comprised about 77 percent of total barite imports and about 70 percent of the barite used in domestic drilling. Barite from India (14 percent), Morocco (6 percent) and Mexico (2 percent) comprised the bulk of the remaining total import balance; drilling applications consumed nearly all barite imported from these three countries.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145230","usgsCitation":"Bleiwas, D.I., and Miller, M.M., 2015, Barite: a case study of import reliance on an essential material for oil and gas exploration and development drilling: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5230, iii, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145230.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057767","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5230/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":298752,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5230/"},{"id":298753,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5230/pdf/sir2014-5230.pdf","text":"Report","size":"551 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550be51ae4b02e76d759cdc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bleiwas, Donald I. bleiwas@usgs.gov","contributorId":1434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleiwas","given":"Donald","email":"bleiwas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. Michael mmiller1@usgs.gov","contributorId":2018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"mmiller1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141850,"text":"sir20155026 - 2015 - Nutrient, suspended sediment, and trace element loads in the Blackstone River Basin in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 2007 to 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:33:56","indexId":"sir20155026","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-18T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5026","title":"Nutrient, suspended sediment, and trace element loads in the Blackstone River Basin in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 2007 to 2009","docAbstract":"

Nutrients, suspended sediment, and trace element loads in the Blackstone River and selected tributaries were estimated from composite water-quality samples in order to better understand the distribution and sources of these constituents in the river basin. The flow-proportional composite water-quality samples were collected during sequential 2-week periods at six stations along the river’s main stem, at three stations on tributaries, and at four wastewater treatment plants in the Massachusetts segment of the basin from June 2007 to September 2009. Samples were collected at an additional station on the Blackstone River near the mouth in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, from September 2008 to September 2009. The flow-proportional composite samples were used to estimate average daily loads during the sampling periods; annual loads for water years 2008 and 2009 also were estimated for the monitoring station on the Blackstone River near the Massachusetts-Rhode Island border. The effects of hydrologic conditions and net attenuation of nitrogen were investigated for loads in the Massachusetts segment of the basin. Sediment resuspension and contaminant loading dynamics were evaluated in two Blackstone River impoundments, the former Rockdale Pond (a breached impoundment) and Rice City Pond.

\n

Total nitrogen and phosphorus loads along the Blackstone River in Massachusetts showed similar general patterns during the sampling periods monitored in this study. Total nitrogen loads were relatively low at the farthest upstream monitoring station in Millbury, Massachusetts (typically less than 430 kilograms per day (kg/d) for total nitrogen and 37 kg/d for total phosphorus). Loads typically increased (5- to 10-fold for nitrogen and 6- to 15-fold for phosphorus) downstream from the first, large wastewater treatment plant along the river, the Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Control Abatement District in Millbury. Further downstream, total nitrogen and phosphorus loads remained elevated but variable (typically about 1,000 to 3,000 kg/d for nitrogen and about 100 to 370 kg/d for phosphorus) from Millbury to the Massachusetts-Rhode Island border near Millville, Mass. Monitored tributaries of the Blackstone River and wastewater treatment plants other than the Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Control Abatement District rarely contributed more than a small fraction of the total nitrogen and phosphorus loads observed at the main stem monitoring stations. Loads of suspended sediment also were substantially larger along the river’s main stem than in tributaries during most sampling periods. Very large loads of suspended sediment from the West River tributary during several sampling periods may have been associated with flood-control operations.

\n

The estimated annual load of total nitrogen in the Blackstone River at Millville, about 1.3 miles upstream from the Massachusetts-Rhode Island border, was 936,000 kilograms (kg) (2,600 kg/d) in water year 2008 and 878,000 kg (2,400 kg/d) in water year 2009. The estimated annual load of total phosphorus at Millville was 81,400 kg in water year 2008 (223 kg/d) and 80,900 kg (222 kg/d) in water year 2009. The estimated annual load of suspended sediment in was 4,940,000 kg (13,600 kg/d) in water year 2008 and 7,040,000 kg (19,300 kg/d) in water year 2009. The higher load in water year 2009 likely reflects several large storms in summer 2009, which resulted in streamflows in the Blackstone River that were 10 times the typical July flows. Loads of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and trace elements were almost always lower in the Blackstone River at Millville than in the river near its mouth at the Pawtucket monitoring station, when loads were monitored at both stations in the latter part of water year 2008 and in water year 2009. Loads of suspended sediment at Millville and Pawtucket varied by about the same range, but were usually lower at Pawtucket than at Millville.

\n

Total nitrogen loads were higher during sampling periods when the base-flow contribution to streamflow was substantially less than the runoff contribution than in sampling periods when the base-flow dominated. During these sampling periods when the runoff component of streamflow was relatively large, loads of total nitrogen in wastewater discharge from Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Control Abatement District also were high but also constituted smaller fractions of the total nitrogen loads in the river. Nitrogen attenuation may have occurred during some sampling periods, based on net changes in total nitrogen load between consecutive monitoring stations, especially in the Blackstone River reach between the South Grafton and Uxbridge monitoring stations.

\n

Analysis of the representative constituents (total phosphorus, total chromium, and suspended sediment) upstream and downstream of impoundments indicated that the existing impoundments, such as Rice City Pond, can be sources of particulate contaminant loads in the Blackstone River. Loads of particulate phosphorus, particulate chromium, and suspended sediment were consistently higher downstream from Rice City Pond than upstream during high-flow events, and there was a positive, linear relation between streamflow and changes in these constituents from upstream to downstream of the impoundment. Thus, particulate contaminants were mobilized from Rice City Pond during high-flow events and transported downstream. In contrast, downstream loads of particulate phosphorus, particulate chromium, and suspended sediment were generally lower than or equal to upstream loads for the former Rockdale Pond impoundment. Sediments associated with the former impoundment at Rockdale Pond, breached in the late 1960s, did not appear to be mobilized during the high-flow events monitored during this study.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, M.J., Waldron, M.C., and DeSimone, L., 2015, Nutrient, suspended sediment, and trace element loads in the Blackstone River Basin in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 2007 to 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5026, Report x, 112 p.; Appendix 1-5; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155026.","productDescription":"Report x, 112 p.; Appendix 1-5; Readme","numberOfPages":"126","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-06-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-013241","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155026.jpg"},{"id":298656,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5026/"},{"id":298657,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5026/pdf/sir2015-5026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298658,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5026/attachments/sir2015-5026_app1-5.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1-5","size":"163 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1-5","linkHelpText":"This is an electronic copy of Appendix 1-5. See Readme.txt file for more information."},{"id":298659,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5026/attachments/readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"projection":"Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, mainland zone","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Blackstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.75033569335938,\n 41.83785101947692\n ],\n [\n -71.34796142578124,\n 41.864447405239375\n ],\n [\n -71.3507080078125,\n 42.09312731992276\n ],\n [\n -71.52168273925781,\n 42.2341099541558\n ],\n [\n -71.69128417968749,\n 42.39202286040118\n ],\n [\n -71.96044921875,\n 42.36564700281194\n ],\n [\n -71.75033569335938,\n 41.83785101947692\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550a939ee4b02e76d7590bbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Marc J. mzimmerm@usgs.gov","contributorId":3245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Marc","email":"mzimmerm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70144290,"text":"70144290 - 2015 - Reconnaissance of contaminants in larval Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) tissues and habitats in the Columbia River Basin, Oregon and Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-27T10:00:20","indexId":"70144290","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconnaissance of contaminants in larval Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) tissues and habitats in the Columbia River Basin, Oregon and Washington, USA","docAbstract":"

Pacific lampreys (Entosphenus tridentatus) have resided in the Columbia River Basin for millennia and have great ecological and cultural importance. The role of habitat contamination in the recent decline of the species has rarely been studied and was the main objective of this effort. A wide range of contaminants (115 analytes) was measured in sediments and tissues at 27 sites across a large geographic area of diverse land use. This is the largest dataset of contaminants in habitats and tissues of Pacific lamprey in North America and the first study to compare contaminant bioburden during the larval life stage and the anadromous, adult portion of the life cycle. Bioaccumulation of pesticides, flame retardants, and mercury was observed at many sites. Based on available data, contaminants are accumulating in larval Pacific lamprey at levels that are likely detrimental to organism health and may be contributing to the decline of the species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.003","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, E.B., Hapke, W., McIlraith, B., and Markovchick, D.J., 2015, Reconnaissance of contaminants in larval Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) tissues and habitats in the Columbia River Basin, Oregon and Washington, USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 201, p. 121-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.003.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056929","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.442138671875,\n 43.51668853502909\n ],\n [\n -124.442138671875,\n 47.73932336136857\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 47.73932336136857\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 43.51668853502909\n ],\n [\n -124.442138671875,\n 43.51668853502909\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"201","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55167f36e4b0323842781b10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, Elena B. 0000-0002-0104-6321 enilsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6321","contributorId":923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","email":"enilsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hapke, Whitney B. whapke@usgs.gov","contributorId":139936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Whitney B.","email":"whapke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIlraith, Brian","contributorId":139919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIlraith","given":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":13314,"text":"Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markovchick, Dennis J. markovch@usgs.gov","contributorId":5960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markovchick","given":"Dennis","email":"markovch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70141749,"text":"70141749 - 2015 - Geotechnical aspects in the epicentral region of the 2011, Mw5.8 Mineral, Virginia earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T10:22:17","indexId":"70141749","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-04T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotechnical aspects in the epicentral region of the 2011, Mw5.8 Mineral, Virginia earthquake","docAbstract":"

A reconnaissance team documented the geotechnical and geological aspects in the epicentral region of the Mw (moment magnitude) 5.8 Mineral, Virginia (USA), earthquake of 23 August 2011. Tectonically and seismically induced ground deformations, evidence of liquefaction, rock slides, river bank slumps, ground subsidence, performance of earthen dams, damage to public infrastructure and lifelines, and other effects of the earthquake were documented. This moderate earthquake provided the rare opportunity to collect data to help assess current geoengineering practices in the region, as well as to assess seismic performance of the aging infrastructure in the region. Ground failures included two marginal liquefaction sites, a river bank slump, four minor rockfalls, and a ~4-m-wide, ~12-m-long, ~0.3-m-deep subsidence on a residential property. Damage to lifelines included subsidence of the approaches for a bridge and a water main break to a heavily corroded, 5-cm-diameter valve in Mineral, Virginia. Observed damage to dams, landfills, and public-use properties included a small, shallow slide in the temporary (“working”) clay cap of the county landfill, damage to two earthen dams (one in the epicentral region and one further away near Bedford, Virginia), and substantial structural damage to two public school buildings.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.2509(09)","usgsCitation":"Green, R.A., Lasley, S., Carter, M.W., Munsey, J.W., Maurer, B.W., and Tuttle, M.P., 2015, Geotechnical aspects in the epicentral region of the 2011, Mw5.8 Mineral, Virginia earthquake: GSA Special Papers, v. 509, p. 151-172, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2509(09).","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"172","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054097","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.495849609375,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -84.495849609375,\n 39.918162846609455\n ],\n [\n -74.77294921875,\n 39.918162846609455\n ],\n [\n -74.77294921875,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -84.495849609375,\n 36.10237644873644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"509","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f82cafe4b02419550d99de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Russell A.","contributorId":94708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lasley, Samuel","contributorId":139385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lasley","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Mark W. 0000-0003-0460-7638 mcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-7638","contributorId":4808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Mark","email":"mcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munsey, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":139386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munsey","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12759,"text":"TVA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maurer, Brett W.","contributorId":139387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maurer","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tuttle, Martitia P.","contributorId":139388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Martitia","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12760,"text":"Tuttle and Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70046904,"text":"70046904 - 2015 - The comparative limnology of Lakes Nyos and Monoun, Cameroon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-20T15:53:55","indexId":"70046904","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-03T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The comparative limnology of Lakes Nyos and Monoun, Cameroon","docAbstract":"

Lakes Nyos and Monoun are known for the dangerous accumulation of CO2 dissolved in stagnant bottom water, but the shallow waters that conceal this hazard are dilute and undergo seasonal changes similar to other deep crater lakes in the tropics. Here we discuss these changes with reference to climatic and water-column data collected at both lakes during the years following the gas release disasters in the mid-1980s. The small annual range in mean daily air temperatures leads to an equally small annual range of surface water temperatures (ΔT ~6–7 °C), reducing deep convective mixing of the water column. Weak mixing aids the establishment of meromixis, a requisite condition for the gradual buildup of CO2 in bottom waters and perhaps the unusual condition that most explains the rarity of such lakes. Within the mixolimnion, a seasonal thermocline forms each spring and shallow diel thermoclines may be sufficiently strong to isolate surface water and allow primary production to reduce PCO2 below 300 μatm, inducing a net influx of CO2 from the atmosphere. Surface water O2 and pH typically reach maxima at this time, with occasional O2 oversaturation. Mixing to the chemocline occurs in both lakes during the winter dry season, primarily due to low humidity and cool night time air temperature. An additional period of variable mixing, occasionally reaching the chemocline in Lake Monoun, occurs during the summer monsoon season in response to increased frequency of major storms. The mixolimnion encompassed the upper ~40–50 m of Lake Nyos and upper ~15–20 m of Lake Monoun prior to the installation of degassing pipes in 2001 and 2003, respectively. Degassing caused chemoclines to deepen rapidly. Piping of anoxic, high-TDS bottom water to the lake surface has had a complex effect on the mixolimnion. Algal growth stimulated by increased nutrients (N and P) initially stimulated photosynthesis and raised surface water O2 in Lake Nyos, but O2 removal through oxidation of iron was also enhanced and appeared to dominate at Lake Monoun. Depth-integrated O2 contents decreased in both lakes as did water transparency. No dangerous instabilities in water-column structure were detected over the course of degassing. While Nyos-type lakes are extremely rare, other crater lakes can pose dangers from gas releases and monitoring is warranted.

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C","contributorId":120624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanyileke, Gregory","contributorId":120194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanyileke","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70143179,"text":"70143179 - 2015 - Distance measures and optimization spaces in quantitative fatty acid signature analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T10:22:40","indexId":"70143179","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-01T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distance measures and optimization spaces in quantitative fatty acid signature analysis","docAbstract":"

Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis has become an important method of diet estimation in ecology, especially marine ecology. Controlled feeding trials to validate the method and estimate the calibration coefficients necessary to account for differential metabolism of individual fatty acids have been conducted with several species from diverse taxa. However, research into potential refinements of the estimation method has been limited. We compared the performance of the original method of estimating diet composition with that of five variants based on different combinations of distance measures and calibration-coefficient transformations between prey and predator fatty acid signature spaces. Fatty acid signatures of pseudopredators were constructed using known diet mixtures of two prey data sets previously used to estimate the diets of polar bears Ursus maritimus and gray seals Halichoerus grypus, and their diets were then estimated using all six variants. In addition, previously published diets of Chukchi Sea polar bears were re-estimated using all six methods. Our findings reveal that the selection of an estimation method can meaningfully influence estimates of diet composition. Among the pseudopredator results, which allowed evaluation of bias and precision, differences in estimator performance were rarely large, and no one estimator was universally preferred, although estimators based on the Aitchison distance measure tended to have modestly superior properties compared to estimators based on the Kullback-Leibler distance measure. However, greater differences were observed among estimated polar bear diets, most likely due to differential estimator sensitivity to assumption violations. Our results, particularly the polar bear example, suggest that additional research into estimator performance and model diagnostics is warranted.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1429","usgsCitation":"Bromaghin, J.F., Rode, K.D., Budge, S.M., and Thiemann, G.W., 2015, Distance measures and optimization spaces in quantitative fatty acid signature analysis: Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 5, p. 1249-1262, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1429.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1249","endPage":"1262","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059904","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1429","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5509502ee4b02e76d757e614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budge, Suzanne M.","contributorId":92168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Budge","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24650,"text":"Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thiemann, Gregory W.","contributorId":83023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiemann","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27291,"text":"York University, Toronto, ON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70169251,"text":"70169251 - 2015 - Distribution and floral hosts of Anthophorula micheneri ( Timberlake, 1947) and Hylaeus sparsus (Cresson, 1869), (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with new staterecords in Giles and Loudoun counties, Virginia, eastern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T16:17:41","indexId":"70169251","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1208,"text":"Check List","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and floral hosts of Anthophorula micheneri ( Timberlake, 1947) and Hylaeus sparsus (Cresson, 1869), (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with new staterecords in Giles and Loudoun counties, Virginia, eastern USA","docAbstract":"

New collection records for Anthophorula micheneri (Timberlake, 1947) from Loudoun County and other locations in Virginia, USA document an approximately 1,350 km extension of its previously recorded geographic range. New state records for the rarely seen Hylaeus sparsus (Cresson, 1869) collected in Giles County and from a blue vane trap in Loudoun County, Virginia add to our knowledge of this species’ range and phenology in the USA. Floral records for both species are documented with a discussion of possible host preferences.

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temperate rainforest of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T21:21:47","indexId":"70173406","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-27T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1246,"text":"Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1573-1480","printIssn":"0165-0009","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change implications in the northern coastal temperate rainforest of North America","docAbstract":"

We synthesized an expert review of climate change implications for hydroecological and terrestrial ecological systems in the northern coastal temperate rainforest of North America. Our synthesis is based on an analysis of projected temperature, precipitation, and snowfall stratified by eight biogeoclimatic provinces and three vegetation zones. Five IPCC CMIP5 global climate models (GCMs) and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) are the basis for projections of mean annual temperature increasing from a current average (1961–1990) of 3.2 °C to 4.9–6.9 °C (5 GCM range; RCP4.5 scenario) or 6.4–8.7 °C (RCP8.5), mean annual precipitation increasing from 3130 mm to 3210–3400 mm (3–9 % increase) or 3320–3690 mm (6–18 % increase), and total precipitation as snow decreasing from 1200 mm to 940–720 mm (22–40 % decrease) or 720–500 mm (40–58 % decrease) by the 2080s (2071–2100; 30-year normal period). These projected changes are anticipated to result in a cascade of ecosystem-level effects including: increased frequency of flooding and rain-on-snow events; an elevated snowline and reduced snowpack; changes in the timing and magnitude of stream flow, freshwater thermal regimes, and riverine nutrient exports; shrinking alpine habitats; altitudinal and latitudinal expansion of lowland and subalpine forest types; shifts in suitable habitat boundaries for vegetation and wildlife communities; adverse effects on species with rare ecological niches or limited dispersibility; and shifts in anadromous salmon distribution and productivity. Our collaborative synthesis of potential impacts highlights the coupling of social and ecological systems that characterize the region as well as a number of major information gaps to help guide assessments of future conditions and adaptive capacity.

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