Azimuthal variations in receiver function conversions can image lithospheric structural contrasts and anisotropic fabrics that together compose tectonic grain. We apply this method to data from EarthScope Transportable Array in Alaska and additional stations across the northern Cordillera. The best‐resolved quantities are the strike and depth of dipping fabric contrasts or interfaces. We find a strong geographic gradient in such anomalies, with large amplitudes extending inboard from the present‐day subduction margin, the Aleutian arc, and an influence of flat‐slab subduction of the Yakutat microplate north of the Denali fault. An east–west band across interior Alaska shows low‐amplitude crustal anomalies. Anomaly amplitudes correlate with structural intensity (density of aligned geological elements), but are the highest in areas of strong Cenozoic deformation, raising the question of an influence of current stress state. Imaged subsurface strikes show alignment with surface structures. We see concentric strikes around arc volcanoes implying dipping magmatic structures and fabric into the middle crust. Regions with present‐day weaker deformation show lower anomaly amplitudes but structurally aligned strikes, suggesting pre‐Cenozoic fabrics may have been overprinted or otherwise modified. We observe general coherence of the signal across the brittle‐plastic transition. Imaged crustal fabrics are aligned with major faults and shear zones, whereas intrafault blocks show imaged strikes both parallel to and at high angles to major block‐bounding faults. High‐angle strikes are subparallel to neotectonic deformation, seismicity, fault lineaments, and prominent metallogenic belts, possibly due to overprinting and/or co‐evolution with fault‐parallel fabrics. We suggest that the underlying tectonic grain in the northern Cordillera is broadly distributed rather than strongly localized. Receiver functions thus reveal key information about the nature and continuity of tectonic fabrics at depth and can provide unique insights into the deformation history and distribution of regional strain in complex orogenic belts.
Methods were developed for measuring immune function in Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass). The ultimate objective is to monitor and evaluate changes over time in immune status and disease resistance in conjunction with other characteristics of fish health and environmental stressors. To test these methods for utility in ecotoxicological studies, 192 smallmouth bass, age 2 years and older, were collected from three sites within the Susquehanna River Basin and one site in the Ohio River Basin during spring and fall 2016 and 2017. The anterior kidney was aseptically removed and homogenized for leukocyte isolation. Leukocytes were tested for bactericidal activity against two species of bacteria; respiratory burst activity when stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; and mitogenesis activity when stimulated with concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide. Tissues were preserved for histopathological analyses.
Two of the sites were part of a monitoring program at which surface-water samples were collected monthly (bimonthly in spring) for chemical contaminants. Significant seasonal and (or) site differences in all three immune function tests were observed. Interpretations of seasonal trends in immune function of wild fish or correlations with environmental variables and other factors are difficult to make owing to the complex nature of the immune response and the environment. Differences in immune function could potentially be related to a variety of confounding factors; therefore, additional endpoints and repeated sampling over an extended period are essential to draw conclusions on the immune status of wild fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201077","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.R., Ottinger, C.A., Walsh, H.L., and Blazer, V.S., 2020, Development of a suite of functional immune assays and initial assessment of their utility in wild smallmouth bass health assessments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1077, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201077.","productDescription":"vii, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-118051","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379041,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1077/ofr20201077.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1077"},{"id":379040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1077/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Tionesta Lake, Pine Creek, Upper Juniata River, West Branch Mahantango Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.79919433593749,\n 41.30257109430557\n ],\n [\n -77.38220214843749,\n 41.30257109430557\n ],\n [\n -77.38220214843749,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -79.79919433593749,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -79.79919433593749,\n 41.30257109430557\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
Shallowly dipping (<30°) low‐angle normal faults (LANFs) have been documented globally; however, examples of active LANFs in continental settings are limited. The western margin of the Panamint Range in eastern California is defined by a LANF that dips west beneath Panamint Valley and has evidence of Quaternary motion. In addition, high‐angle dextral‐oblique normal faults displace middle to late Quaternary alluvial fans near the range front. To image shallow (<1 km depth), crosscutting relationships between the low‐ and high‐angle faults along the range front, we acquired two high‐resolution P wave seismic reflection profiles. The northern, 4.6‐km‐long profile crosses the 2‐km‐wide Wildrose graben and the southern, 0.8‐km‐long profile extends onto the Panamint Valley playa, ~7.5 km S of Ballarat, CA. The profile across the Wildrose graben reveals a robust, low‐angle reflector interpreted to represent the LANF separating Plio‐Pleistocene alluvial fanglomerate and Proterozoic metasedimentary deposits. High‐angle faults interpreted in the seismic profile correspond to fault scarps on Quaternary alluvial fan surfaces. Interpretation of the reflection data suggests that the high‐angle faults vertically displace the LANF up to 80 m within the Wildrose graben. Similarly, the profile south of Ballarat reveals a low‐angle reflector, which appears both rotated and displaced up to 260 m by high‐angle faults. These results suggest that near the Panamint range front, the high‐angle faults are the dominant active structures. We conclude that at least at shallow (<1 km) depths, the LANF we imaged is not active today.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020JB020243","usgsCitation":"Gold, R.D., Stephenson, W.J., Briggs, R.W., DuRoss, C., Kirby, E., Woolery, E.W., Delano, J., and Odum, J., 2020, Seismic reflection imaging of the low-angle Panamint normal fault system, eastern California: JGR Solid Earth, v. 125, no. 11, e2020JB020243, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020243.","productDescription":"e2020JB020243, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122325","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/gb19fg41w","text":"External Repository"},{"id":436762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YY18PF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Seismic reflection imaging of the low-angle Panamint normal fault system, eastern California, 2018"},{"id":382016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Panamint Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.90527343750001,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -116.3671875,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -116.3671875,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -117.90527343750001,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -117.90527343750001,\n 34.95799531086792\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"125","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gold, Ryan D. 0000-0002-4464-6394 rgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-6394","contributorId":3883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"Ryan","email":"rgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":139002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DuRoss, Christopher B. 0000-0002-6963-7451 cduross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-7451","contributorId":152321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"Christopher","email":"cduross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirby, Eric 0000-0002-5701-8688","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-8688","contributorId":197171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirby","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Woolery, Edward W 0000-0003-3398-5830","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3398-5830","contributorId":192994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woolery","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Delano, Jaime 0000-0003-2601-2600","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2601-2600","contributorId":225594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delano","given":"Jaime","affiliations":[{"id":6605,"text":"USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Odum, Jackson K. 0000-0003-4697-2430 odum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-2430","contributorId":1365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jackson K.","email":"odum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70215443,"text":"70215443 - 2020 - The eruptive history, magmatic evolution, and influence of glacial ice at long-lived Akutan volcano, eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-20T13:57:30.629194","indexId":"70215443","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-06T08:49:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The eruptive history, magmatic evolution, and influence of glacial ice at long-lived Akutan volcano, eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"New 40Ar/39Ar and whole-rock geochemical data are used to develop a detailed eruptive chronology for Akutan volcano, Akutan Island, Alaska, USA, in the eastern Aleutian island arc. Akutan Island (166°W, 54.1°N) is the site of long-lived volcanism and the entire island comprises volcanic rocks as old as 3.3 Ma. Our current study is on the 225 km2 western half of the island, where our results show that the focus of volcanism has shifted over the last ∼700 k.y., and that on occasion, multiple volcanic centers have been active over the same period, including within the Holocene. Incremental heating experiments resulted in 56 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages and span 2.3 Ma to 9.2 ka.
Eruptive products of all units are primarily tholeiitic and medium-K, and range from basalt to dacite. Rare calc-alkaline lavas show evidence suggesting their formation via mixing of mafic and evolved magmas, not via crystallization-derived differentiation through the calc-alkaline trend. Earliest lavas are broadly dispersed and are almost exclusively mafic with high and variable La/Yb ratios that are likely the result of low degrees of partial mantle melting. Holocene lavas all fall along a single tholeiitic, basalt-to-dacite evolutionary trend and have among the lowest La/Yb ratios, which favors higher degrees of mantle melting and is consistent with the increased magma flux during this time. A suite of xenoliths, spanning a wide range of compositions, are found in the deposits of the 1.6 ka caldera-forming eruption. They are interpreted to represent completely crystallized liquids or the crystal residuum from tholeiitic fractional crystallization of the active Akutan magma system.
The new geochronologic and geochemical data are used along with existing geodetic and seismic interpretations from the island to develop a conceptual model of the active Akutan magma system. Collectively, these data are consistent with hot, dry magmas that are likely stored at 5−10 km depth prior to eruption. The prolonged eruptive activity at Akutan has also allowed us to evaluate patterns in lava-ice interactions through time as our new data and observations suggest that the influence of glaciation on eruptive activity, and possible magma composition, is more pronounced at Akutan than has been observed for other well-studied Aleutian volcanoes to the west.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B35667.1","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., and Brian Jicha, 2020, The eruptive history, magmatic evolution, and influence of glacial ice at long-lived Akutan volcano, eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA: GSA Bulletin, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/B35667.1.","productDescription":"29 p.","ipdsId":"IP-116599","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -169.62890625,\n 50.62507306341435\n ],\n [\n -152.9296875,\n 50.62507306341435\n ],\n [\n -152.9296875,\n 58.90464570302001\n ],\n [\n -169.62890625,\n 58.90464570302001\n ],\n [\n -169.62890625,\n 50.62507306341435\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brian Jicha","contributorId":243421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brian Jicha","affiliations":[{"id":34113,"text":"University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70215059,"text":"70215059 - 2020 - Examination of inertinite within immature Eagle Ford Shale at the nanometer-scale using atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-29T15:10:52.865686","indexId":"70215059","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-05T08:24:54","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examination of inertinite within immature Eagle Ford Shale at the nanometer-scale using atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy","docAbstract":"The nanoscale molecular composition of sedimentary organic matter is challenging to characterize in situ given the limited tools available that can adequately interrogate its complex chemical structure. This is a particularly relevant issue in source rocks, as kerogen composition will strongly impact its reactivity and so is critical to understanding petroleum generation processes during catagenesis. The recent advent of tip-enhanced analytical methods, such as atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), has allowed for the major compositional features of kerogen and other types of in situ organic matter to be elucidated at spatial resolutions at or below 50 nm. Here AFM-IR was applied to examine inertinite, an important organic matter type, present in a thermally immature Eagle Ford calcareous mudstone. The data show that the nanoscale molecular composition of the examined inertinite is (i) less heterogeneous than solid bitumen in more thermally mature Eagle Ford samples and (ii) more hydrogen- and oxygen-rich than inertinite examined in the New Albany Shale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2020.103608","usgsCitation":"Jubb, A., Hackley, P.C., Birdwell, J.E., Hatcherian, J.J., and Qu, J., 2020, Examination of inertinite within immature Eagle Ford Shale at the nanometer-scale using atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 231, 103608, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2020.103608.","productDescription":"103608, 4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120851","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2020.103608","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":379165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Eagle Ford Shale, Bechtel Well","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.14773559570312,\n 28.810986808864513\n ],\n [\n -97.88955688476562,\n 28.810986808864513\n ],\n [\n -97.88955688476562,\n 29.012944302424863\n ],\n [\n -98.14773559570312,\n 29.012944302424863\n ],\n [\n -98.14773559570312,\n 28.810986808864513\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"231","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jubb, Aaron M. 0000-0001-6875-1079","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-1079","contributorId":201978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jubb","given":"Aaron M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatcherian, Javin J. 0000-0001-9151-6798 jhatcherian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-6798","contributorId":195770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcherian","given":"Javin","email":"jhatcherian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Qu, Jing","contributorId":242671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qu","given":"Jing","affiliations":[{"id":13359,"text":"University of Delaware","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70215254,"text":"70215254 - 2020 - Linking mesoscale meteorology with extreme landscape response: Effects of narrow cold frontal rainbands (NCFR)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-14T12:30:56.62952","indexId":"70215254","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-04T07:23:39","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6454,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking mesoscale meteorology with extreme landscape response: Effects of narrow cold frontal rainbands (NCFR)","docAbstract":"Landscapes evolve in response to prolonged and/or intense precipitation resulting from atmospheric processes at various spatial and temporal scales. Whereas synoptic (large‐scale) features (e.g., atmospheric rivers and hurricanes) govern regional‐scale hydrologic hazards such as widespread flooding, mesoscale features such as thunderstorms or squall lines are more likely to trigger localized geomorphic hazards such as landslides. Thus, to better understand relations between hydrometeorological drivers and landscape response, a knowledge of mesoscale meteorology and its impacts is needed. Here we investigate the extreme geomorphic response associated with one type of mesoscale meteorological feature, the narrow cold frontal rainband (NCFR). Resulting from low‐level convergence and shallow convection along a cold front, NCFRs are narrow bands of high‐intensity rainfall that occur in midlatitude areas of the world. Our study examines an NCFR impacting the Sierra Nevada foothills (California, USA) that initiated over 500 landslides, mobilized ~360,000 metric tons of sediment to the fluvial system (as much as 16 times the local annual sediment yield), and severely damaged local infrastructure and regional water transport facilities. Coupling geomorphological field investigations with meteorological analyses, we demonstrate that precipitation associated with the NCFR was both intense (maximum 15 min intensity of 70 mm/hr) and localized, resulting in a highly concentrated band of shallow landsliding. This meteorological phenomenon likely plays an important role in landscape evolution and hazard initiation. Other types of mesoscale meteorological features also occur globally and offer new avenues for understanding the effects of storms on landscapes.
Eastern oysters have been acknowledged for their important contribution to human well-being by providing goods and services including nitrogen removal from water bodies. In this study, we integrated daily environmental data (2008–2016) and filtration rate model parameter uncertainty to estimate nitrogen removal from denitrification and nitrogen burial services provided by the current extent of oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reefs in Mobile Bay, Alabama. Oyster landing data (2008–2016) in the Bay were also used to estimate nitrogen removal through oyster harvest. A replacement cost method using an engineering solution from wastewater treatment plants was implemented to quantify the economic benefit of the nitrogen removal. The estimated total nitrogen removal services provided by oyster reefs in Mobile Bay was 34,911 ± 5,032 kg N yr−1 (mean ± 1sd), in which 22,095 ± 3,305 kg N yr−1 from denitrification, 11,047 ± 1,652 kg N yr−1 from burial of nitrogen into sediments and 1,769 ± 876 kg N yr−1 by oyster harvest. The mean economic benefit was $76,455 ± 11,020 yr−1 which was estimated as $73.2 ± 11.5 ha−1 yr−1. This method could be used for any time period to estimate the nitrogen removal service in Mobile Bay. With proper modification of model parameters, this method could also be used elsewhere to estimate nitrogen removal services provided by oysters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106541","usgsCitation":"Lai, Q., Irwin, E.R., and Zhang, Y., 2020, Estimating nitrogen removal services of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in Mobile Bay, Alabama: Ecological Indicators, v. 117, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106541.","productDescription":"106541, 9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-109626","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106541","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, Mobile Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.25042724609374,\n 30.23652704486517\n ],\n [\n -88.06228637695312,\n 30.203300547277813\n ],\n [\n -87.69012451171875,\n 30.22466172703242\n ],\n [\n -87.88375854492186,\n 30.456960567387625\n ],\n [\n -87.85491943359375,\n 30.822063696500948\n ],\n [\n -88.05130004882812,\n 30.86686781614027\n ],\n [\n -88.13232421875,\n 30.657996912582398\n ],\n [\n -88.25042724609374,\n 30.23652704486517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lai, Quan","contributorId":204521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lai","given":"Quan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, Elise R. 0000-0002-6866-4976 eirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-4976","contributorId":2588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Elise","email":"eirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Yaoqi","contributorId":275164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yaoqi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70260213,"text":"70260213 - 2020 - Two ensemble approaches for forecasting sulfur dioxide concentrations from Kīlauea volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T11:58:35.950719","indexId":"70260213","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-01T06:55:48","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3735,"text":"Weather and Forecasting","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two ensemble approaches for forecasting sulfur dioxide concentrations from Kīlauea volcano","docAbstract":"Kīlauea volcano, located on the island of Hawaii, is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. It was in a state of nearly continuous eruption from 1983 to 2018 with copious emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) that affected public health, agriculture, and infrastructure over large portions of the island. Since 2010, the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa provides publicly available vog forecasts that began in 2010 to aid in the mitigation of volcanic smog (or “vog”) as a hazard. In September 2017, the forecast system began to produce operational ensemble forecasts. The months that preceded Kīlauea’s historic lower east rift zone eruption of 2018 provide an opportunity to evaluate the newly implemented air quality ensemble prediction system and compare it another approach to the generation of ensemble members. One of the two approaches generates perturbations in the wind field while the other perturbs the sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rate from the volcano. This comparison has implications for the limits of forecast predictability under the particularly dynamic conditions at Kīlauea volcano. We show that for ensemble forecasts of SO2 generated under these conditions, the uncertainty associated with the SO2 emission rate approaches that of the uncertainty in the wind field. However, the inclusion of a fluctuating SO2 emission rate has the potential to improve the prediction of the changes in air quality downwind of the volcano with suitable postprocessing.
The Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) is a 9 million ha (22-million-acre) floodplain that supports a diverse and ecologically rich bottomland hardwood forest ecosystem – one of the most productive in North America. It extends from roughly Cape Girardeau, Missouri, to the Gulf of Mexico and features a mosaic of ridges, swales, meander belts, and backswamps. Small changes in elevation (<1 foot) in the MAV are associated with large shifts in hydrology, which in turn, strongly affect plant and animal community composition and structure. The resultant diversity contributes to a fertile and productive floodplain. General forest types in the MAV include: Oak-gum-cypress (41%), elm-ash-cottonwood (29%), oakhickory (17%), and the remainder is other forest types (Oswalt 2013). Within the oak-gum-cypress and elm-ash-cottonwood categories, sugarberry-hackberry-elm-green ash and sweetgum-Nuttall oak-willow oak forest types account for close to one-half of MAV bottomland forest acreage, while baldcypress-tupelo forests are about 16 percent (Oswalt 2013). Although we emphasize bottomland hardwood habitat and associated bird species, this planning effort includes analyses based upon all forest types within the MAV. Hence, the term ‘forest’ refers to all forest types in the MAV.
","language":"English","publisher":"Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture","usgsCitation":"Demarest, D.W., Elliott, B., Ford, R., Hanni, D., McKnight, S.K., Mini, A.E., Twedt, D.J., and Wilson, R., 2020, Mississippi Alluvial Valley Forest-breeding landbird population & quantitative habitat objectives, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120883","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":389000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.lmvjv.org/landbird-plans"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.615478515625,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -92.35107421874999,\n 34.642247047768535\n ],\n [\n -92.48291015625,\n 34.225429015241396\n ],\n [\n -91.571044921875,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -91.790771484375,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -91.95556640625,\n 31.109388560814963\n ],\n [\n -91.966552734375,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -90.72509765625,\n 29.7453016622136\n ],\n [\n -89.725341796875,\n 29.439597566602902\n ],\n [\n -89.45068359374999,\n 29.81205076752506\n ],\n [\n -90.4833984375,\n 30.192618218499273\n ],\n [\n -91.219482421875,\n 31.12819929911196\n ],\n [\n -90.626220703125,\n 32.37996146435729\n ],\n [\n -90.50537109375,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -89.84619140625,\n 35.146862906756304\n ],\n [\n -89.05517578125,\n 36.48314061639213\n ],\n [\n -88.9892578125,\n 37.204081555898526\n ],\n [\n -89.615478515625,\n 37.38761749978395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demarest, Dean W.","contributorId":175184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demarest","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Blaine","contributorId":261424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"Blaine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ford, Robert","contributorId":214858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37063,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanni, David","contributorId":261426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanni","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13408,"text":"Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McKnight, S. Keith","contributorId":221729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":40410,"text":"Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mini, Anne E.","contributorId":261428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mini","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17929,"text":"American Bird Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wilson, R. Randy","contributorId":259210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"R. Randy","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70228928,"text":"70228928 - 2020 - Using video survey to examine the effect of habitat on gag grouper encounter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-08T14:43:20.629834","indexId":"70228928","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-30T08:32:37","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using video survey to examine the effect of habitat on gag grouper encounter","docAbstract":"Gag is a reef fish that was declared overfished in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) in 2009. Although Gag are no longer listed as overfished, fisheries managers are concerned that stocks may not be recovering. Our objective was to identify habitat characteristics important to Gag, and their effect on the probability of Gag occurrence. We obtained data from three separate fisheries-independent video surveys that sampled in the eastern GOM from 2010-2017: the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) Panama City, FL Office, the NOAA Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program, and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. We ran a separate mixed effects logistic regression for each survey, and used Akaike’s Information Criteria to determine the best fitting models. Some variables - percent rock coverage, vertical relief, latitude, and depth - were present in all confidence models. Depth did not have the same relationship with Gag across all surveys, suggesting that shallower habitats (<50 m) might be more suitable for juveniles, whereas deeper habitats (>50 m) might be more suitable for adults. Managers may be able to help Gag and encourage their recovery by using these data to establish or expand protected areas throughout shallower waters.
","conferenceTitle":"Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. Virtual","conferenceDate":"Aug 28 - Sep 3, 2020","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, G., Gandy, D., Irwin, B., Jennings, C.A., and Fox, A., 2020, Using video survey to examine the effect of habitat on gag grouper encounter, Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. Virtual, Aug 28 - Sep 3, 2020, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119340","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.26416015625,\n 24.8\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 24.8\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 30.637912028341123\n ],\n [\n -88.26416015625,\n 30.637912028341123\n ],\n [\n -88.26416015625,\n 24.8\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, G.","contributorId":280041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alvarez","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gandy, D.","contributorId":280042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gandy","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irwin, Brian J. 0000-0002-0666-2641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-2641","contributorId":280043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fox, Adam","contributorId":288127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Adam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70214528,"text":"70214528 - 2020 - The collection and analysis of Bay of Fundy sediment under contract between the association of US delegates to the Gulf of Maine Council on the marine environment and eastern Charlotte waterways for contaminant monitoring and analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-30T15:15:04.870982","indexId":"70214528","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-28T10:13:18","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"displayTitle":"The Collection and Analysis of Bay of Fundy Sediment Under Contract between the Association of US Delegates to the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment and Eastern Charlotte Waterways for Contaminant Monitoring and Analysis","title":"The collection and analysis of Bay of Fundy sediment under contract between the association of US delegates to the Gulf of Maine Council on the marine environment and eastern Charlotte waterways for contaminant monitoring and analysis","docAbstract":"This report presents data obtained through the EcoSystem Indicator Partnership (ESIP) which was established in 2006 to improve understanding and to inform researchers, managers, and citizens about the status and trends of ecosystem health in the Gulf of Maine (http://www.gulfofmaine.org/2/esip-homepage/). In its efforts to compile information on contaminant indicators in the Gulf of Maine, ESIP identified gaps in monitoring information and worked in partnership with the Gulf of Maine Council and other organizations to fill these gaps. The monitoring and data gaps identified by ESIP indicated that data on contaminants in intertidal/subtidal sediments were lacking for the Bay of Fundy. To address this data gap, the Association of US Delegates to the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment contracted Eastern Charlotte Waterways Inc., an independent non-governmental organization, to conduct a contaminant monitoring and analysis project funded by Environment and Climate Change Canada . This report summarizes the data produced from this sediment analysis project.","language":"English","publisher":"Gulf of Maine Council","collaboration":"Dalhousie University, US EPA, Bowdoin College, Lawrence LeBlanc Consulting","usgsCitation":"Latimer, J.S., Page, D., Elskus, A., LeBlanc, L., Harding, G., and Wells, P.G., 2020, The collection and analysis of Bay of Fundy sediment under contract between the association of US delegates to the Gulf of Maine Council on the marine environment and eastern Charlotte waterways for contaminant monitoring and analysis, 92 p.","productDescription":"92 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118574","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378842,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gulfofmaine.org/public/gulf-of-maine-council-on-the-marine-environment/publications/"}],"country":"United States, Canada","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.982421875,\n 41.65649719441145\n ],\n [\n -63.30322265625001,\n 41.65649719441145\n ],\n [\n -63.30322265625001,\n 46.118941506107056\n ],\n [\n -71.982421875,\n 46.118941506107056\n ],\n [\n -71.982421875,\n 41.65649719441145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latimer, James S","contributorId":222883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Latimer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, David","contributorId":222884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Page","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33315,"text":"Bowdoin College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elskus, Adria 0000-0003-1192-5124 aelskus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-5124","contributorId":130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elskus","given":"Adria","email":"aelskus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LeBlanc, Lawrence A","contributorId":222882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Lawrence A","affiliations":[{"id":40617,"text":"Lawrence LeBlanc Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harding, Gareth","contributorId":222885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harding","given":"Gareth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40618,"text":"Fisheries & Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wells, Peter G","contributorId":222886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":40619,"text":"International Ocean Institute Canada, Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70232700,"text":"70232700 - 2020 - Editorial: North American monarch butterfly ecology and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T13:14:37.29877","indexId":"70232700","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-25T08:06:46","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10963,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Editorial: North American monarch butterfly ecology and conservation","docAbstract":"Spanning Canada, the United States, and Mexico, North America contains two populations of the migratory monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). The smaller “western” population overwinters in groves along the California coast and breeds west of the Rocky Mountains, while the much larger “eastern” population breeds east of the Rocky Mountains and overwinters in Oyamel fir forests in central Mexico. Both populations have declined in the last 20 to 30 years, leading to a formal petition in 2014 to list the species as threatened or endangered under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) and a recommendation in 2016 for listing as endangered under the Canadian Species at Risk act.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2020.576281","usgsCitation":"Diffendorfer, J., Thogmartin, W.E., Drum, R.G., and Schultz, C.B., 2020, Editorial: North American monarch butterfly ecology and conservation: Frontiers in Ecology and Conservation, v. 8, 576281, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.576281.","productDescription":"576281, 4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118385","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.576281","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":403469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-63.6645,46.55001],[-62.01208,46.44314],[-62.50391,46.03339],[-62.87433,45.96818],[-64.1428,46.39265],[-64.39261,46.72747],[-64.01486,47.03601],[-63.6645,46.55001]]],[[[-61.8063,49.10506],[-63.58926,49.40069],[-64.51912,49.87304],[-64.17322,49.95718],[-62.85829,49.70641],[-61.83559,49.28855],[-61.8063,49.10506]]],[[[-123.51,48.51001],[-124.01289,48.37085],[-125.65501,48.825],[-125.95499,49.18],[-126.85,49.53],[-127.02999,49.815],[-128.05934,49.99496],[-128.44458,50.53914],[-128.35841,50.77065],[-125.75501,50.29502],[-124.92077,49.47527],[-123.92251,49.06248],[-123.51,48.51001]]],[[[-56.13404,50.68701],[-56.79588,49.81231],[-56.14311,50.15012],[-55.47149,49.93582],[-55.8224,49.58713],[-54.93514,49.31301],[-54.47378,49.55669],[-53.47655,49.24914],[-53.78601,48.51678],[-53.08613,48.6878],[-52.6481,47.53555],[-53.06916,46.6555],[-54.17894,46.80707],[-53.96187,47.62521],[-54.24048,47.75228],[-55.40077,46.88499],[-55.99748,46.91972],[-55.29122,47.38956],[-56.2508,47.63255],[-59.26602,47.60335],[-59.41949,47.89945],[-58.79659,48.25153],[-59.23162,48.52319],[-58.3918,49.12558],[-57.35869,50.71827],[-56.73865,51.28744],[-55.87098,51.63209],[-55.40697,51.58827],[-56.13404,50.68701]]],[[[-133.18,54.16998],[-132.71001,54.04001],[-131.74999,54.12],[-132.04948,52.98462],[-131.17904,52.18043],[-131.57783,52.18237],[-133.05461,53.41147],[-133.23966,53.85108],[-133.18,54.16998]]],[[[-79.26582,62.15868],[-79.65752,61.63308],[-80.09956,61.7181],[-80.36215,62.01649],[-79.92939,62.3856],[-79.52002,62.36371],[-79.26582,62.15868]]],[[[-81.89825,62.7108],[-83.06857,62.15922],[-83.77462,62.18231],[-83.99367,62.4528],[-83.25048,62.91409],[-81.87699,62.90458],[-81.89825,62.7108]]],[[[-85.16131,65.65728],[-84.97576,65.21752],[-84.46401,65.37177],[-81.64201,64.45514],[-81.55344,63.97961],[-80.81736,64.05749],[-80.10345,63.72598],[-80.99102,63.41125],[-82.54718,63.65172],[-83.1088,64.10188],[-85.5234,63.05238],[-85.86677,63.63725],[-87.22198,63.54124],[-86.35276,64.03583],[-85.88385,65.73878],[-85.16131,65.65728]]],[[[-75.86588,67.14886],[-76.98687,67.09873],[-77.2364,67.58809],[-76.81166,68.14856],[-75.89521,68.28721],[-75.1145,68.01036],[-75.21597,67.44425],[-75.86588,67.14886]]],[[[-95.64768,69.10769],[-96.26952,68.75704],[-97.6174,69.06003],[-98.4318,68.9507],[-99.7974,69.40003],[-98.21826,70.14354],[-96.5574,69.68003],[-95.64768,69.10769]]],[[[-90.5471,69.49766],[-90.55151,68.47499],[-89.21515,69.25873],[-88.01966,68.61508],[-88.31749,67.87338],[-87.35017,67.19872],[-86.30607,67.92146],[-85.57664,68.78456],[-85.52197,69.88211],[-82.62258,69.65826],[-81.28043,69.16202],[-81.2202,68.66567],[-81.96436,68.13253],[-81.25928,67.59716],[-81.38653,67.11078],[-83.34456,66.41154],[-84.73542,66.2573],[-85.76943,66.55833],[-87.32324,64.77563],[-88.48296,64.09897],[-89.91444,64.03273],[-90.70398,63.61017],[-90.77004,62.96021],[-91.93342,62.83508],[-93.15698,62.02469],[-94.24153,60.89865],[-94.62931,60.11021],[-94.6846,58.94882],[-93.21502,58.78212],[-92.29703,57.08709],[-90.89769,57.28468],[-89.03953,56.85172],[-87.32421,55.99914],[-85.01181,55.3026],[-82.27285,55.14832],[-82.4362,54.28227],[-82.12502,53.27703],[-81.40075,52.15788],[-79.91289,51.20842],[-79.14301,51.53393],[-78.60191,52.56208],[-79.12421,54.14145],[-79.82958,54.66772],[-78.22874,55.13645],[-77.0956,55.83741],[-76.54137,56.53423],[-76.62319,57.20263],[-77.30226,58.05209],[-78.51688,58.80458],[-77.33676,59.85261],[-77.77272,60.75788],[-78.10687,62.31964],[-77.41067,62.55053],[-74.6682,62.18111],[-73.83988,62.4438],[-71.67708,61.52535],[-71.37369,61.13717],[-69.59042,61.06141],[-69.62033,60.22125],[-69.2879,58.95736],[-68.37455,58.80106],[-67.64976,58.21206],[-66.20178,58.76731],[-65.24517,59.87071],[-64.58352,60.33558],[-61.39655,56.96745],[-61.79866,56.33945],[-59.56962,55.20407],[-57.97508,54.94549],[-57.3332,54.6265],[-56.93689,53.78032],[-56.15811,53.64749],[-55.75632,53.27036],[-55.68338,52.14664],[-57.12691,51.41972],[-58.77482,51.0643],[-60.03309,50.24277],[-61.72366,50.08046],[-63.86251,50.29099],[-66.39905,50.22897],[-67.23631,49.51156],[-68.51114,49.06836],[-71.10458,46.82171],[-70.25522,46.98606],[-68.65,48.3],[-66.55243,49.1331],[-65.05626,49.23278],[-64.17099,48.74248],[-65.11545,48.07085],[-64.47219,46.23849],[-63.17329,45.73902],[-61.52072,45.88377],[-60.51815,47.00793],[-60.4486,46.28264],[-59.80287,45.9204],[-61.03988,45.26525],[-64.24656,44.26553],[-65.36406,43.54523],[-66.1234,43.61867],[-66.16173,44.46512],[-64.42549,45.29204],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.70295,24.27234],[-97.87237,22.44421],[-97.18933,20.63543],[-96.52558,19.89093],[-95.90088,18.82802],[-94.83906,18.56272],[-94.42573,18.14437],[-91.4079,18.87608],[-90.77187,19.28412],[-90.27862,20.99986],[-88.54387,21.49368],[-87.05189,21.54354],[-86.81198,21.33151],[-86.84591,20.84986],[-87.38329,20.2554],[-87.62105,19.64655],[-87.43675,19.4724],[-87.83719,18.25982],[-88.09066,18.51665],[-88.49012,18.48683],[-88.84834,17.8832],[-89.02986,18.00151],[-89.14308,17.80832],[-91.00152,17.81759],[-91.00227,17.25466],[-91.45392,17.25218],[-90.43887,16.41011],[-90.46447,16.06956],[-91.74796,16.06656],[-92.22925,15.25145],[-92.08722,15.06458],[-92.22775,14.53883],[-93.87517,15.94016],[-94.69166,16.20098],[-96.55743,15.65352],[-100.8295,17.17107],[-101.91853,17.91609],[-103.50099,18.29229],[-103.91753,18.74857],[-104.99201,19.31613],[-105.7314,20.4341],[-105.39777,20.53172],[-105.50066,20.8169],[-105.27075,21.07628],[-105.26582,21.4221],[-106.02872,22.77375],[-108.4019,25.17231],[-109.2602,25.58061],[-109.44409,25.82488],[-109.29164,26.44293],[-110.39173,27.16211],[-110.64102,27.85988],[-111.17892,27.94124],[-112.22823,28.95441],[-113.16381,30.78688],[-113.14867,31.17097],[-113.87188,31.56761],[-114.20574,31.52405],[-114.77645,31.79953],[-114.9367,31.39348],[-114.6739,30.16268],[-113.27197,28.75478],[-113.14004,28.41129],[-112.9623,28.42519],[-112.76159,27.78022],[-111.61649,26.66282],[-111.28467,25.73259],[-110.71001,24.826],[-110.65505,24.29859],[-110.17286,24.26555],[-109.4091,23.36467],[-109.43339,23.18559],[-110.03139,22.82308],[-110.29507,23.43097],[-112.18204,24.73841],[-112.30071,26.012],[-113.46467,26.76819],[-113.59673,26.63946],[-114.46575,27.14209],[-115.05514,27.72273],[-114.57037,27.74149],[-114.19933,28.115],[-114.16202,28.56611],[-114.93184,29.27948],[-115.51865,29.55636],[-116.72153,31.63574],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.84,49],[-125.62461,50.41656],[-127.43561,50.83061],[-127.99276,51.71583],[-127.85032,52.32961],[-129.12979,52.75538],[-129.30523,53.56159],[-130.51497,54.28757],[-130.53610881133997,54.802751030769095],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-139.12052,69.47102],[-137.54636,68.99002],[-136.50358,68.89804],[-134.41464,69.62743],[-132.92925,69.50534],[-131.43136,69.94451],[-129.79471,70.19369],[-129.10773,69.77927],[-128.36156,70.01286],[-128.13817,70.48384],[-127.44712,70.37721],[-125.75632,69.48058],[-124.42483,70.1584],[-124.28968,69.39969],[-123.06108,69.56372],[-122.6835,69.85553],[-121.47226,69.79778],[-119.94288,69.37786],[-117.60268,69.01128],[-116.22643,68.84151],[-115.2469,68.90591],[-113.89794,68.3989],[-115.30489,67.90261],[-113.49727,67.68815],[-109.94619,67.98104],[-108.8802,67.38144],[-107.79239,67.88736],[-108.81299,68.31164],[-108.16721,68.65392],[-106.15,68.8],[-104.33791,68.018],[-103.22115,68.09775],[-101.45433,67.64689],[-98.4432,67.78165],[-98.5586,68.40394],[-97.66948,68.57864],[-96.11991,68.23939],[-96.12588,67.29338],[-95.48943,68.0907],[-94.685,68.06383],[-94.23282,69.06903],[-95.30408,69.68571],[-96.47131,70.08976],[-96.39115,71.19482],[-95.2088,71.92053],[-93.88997,71.76015],[-92.87818,71.31869],[-91.51964,70.19129],[-92.40692,69.69997],[-90.5471,69.49766]]],[[[-114.16717,73.12145],[-114.66634,72.65277],[-112.44102,72.9554],[-111.05039,72.4504],[-109.92035,72.96113],[-109.00654,72.63335],[-108.18835,71.65089],[-107.68599,72.06548],[-108.39639,73.08953],[-107.51645,73.23598],[-106.52259,73.07601],[-105.40246,72.67259],[-104.46476,70.99297],[-100.98078,70.02432],[-101.08929,69.58447],[-102.73116,69.50402],[-102.09329,69.11962],[-102.43024,68.75282],[-105.96,69.18],[-109,68.78],[-113.3132,68.53554],[-113.85496,69.00744],[-115.22,69.28],[-116.10794,69.16821],[-117.34,69.96],[-112.4161,70.36638],[-114.35,70.6],[-117.9048,70.54056],[-118.43238,70.9092],[-116.11311,71.30918],[-117.65568,71.2952],[-119.40199,71.55859],[-117.86642,72.70594],[-115.18909,73.31459],[-114.16717,73.12145]]],[[[-104.5,73.42],[-105.38,72.76],[-106.94,73.46],[-105.26,73.64],[-104.5,73.42]]],[[[-76.34,73.10268],[-76.2514,72.82639],[-79.48625,72.7422],[-80.8761,73.33318],[-80.83389,73.69318],[-80.35306,73.75972],[-78.06444,73.65193],[-76.34,73.10268]]],[[[-86.56218,73.15745],[-85.77437,72.53413],[-84.85011,73.34028],[-82.31559,73.75095],[-80.60009,72.71654],[-80.74894,72.06191],[-78.77064,72.35217],[-77.82462,72.74962],[-74.22862,71.76714],[-74.09914,71.33084],[-72.24223,71.55692],[-71.20002,70.92001],[-68.78605,70.52502],[-67.91497,70.12195],[-66.96903,69.18609],[-68.80512,68.7202],[-66.44987,68.06716],[-64.86231,67.84754],[-63.42493,66.92847],[-61.85198,66.86212],[-62.16318,66.16025],[-63.91844,64.99867],[-65.14886,65.42603],[-66.72122,66.38804],[-68.01502,66.26273],[-68.14129,65.68979],[-65.32017,64.38274],[-64.66941,63.39293],[-65.0138,62.67419],[-68.78319,63.74567],[-66.3283,62.28007],[-66.16557,61.9309],[-68.87737,62.33015],[-71.02344,62.91071],[-72.23538,63.39784],[-71.88628,63.67999],[-74.83442,64.67908],[-74.8185,64.38909],[-77.70998,64.22954],[-78.55595,64.57291],[-77.89728,65.30919],[-73.9598,65.45476],[-74.29388,65.81177],[-73.94491,66.31058],[-72.65117,67.28458],[-72.92606,67.72693],[-73.31162,68.06944],[-74.84331,68.55463],[-76.8691,68.89474],[-76.22865,69.14777],[-77.28737,69.76954],[-78.16863,69.82649],[-78.95724,70.16688],[-79.49246,69.87181],[-81.30547,69.74319],[-84.94471,69.96663],[-88.68171,70.41074],[-89.51342,70.76204],[-88.46772,71.21819],[-89.88815,71.22255],[-90.20516,72.23507],[-89.43658,73.12946],[-88.40824,73.53789],[-85.82615,73.80382],[-86.56218,73.15745]]],[[[-100.35642,73.84389],[-99.16387,73.63339],[-97.38,73.76],[-97.12,73.47],[-98.05359,72.99052],[-96.54,72.56],[-96.72,71.66],[-98.35966,71.27285],[-99.32286,71.35639],[-100.01482,71.73827],[-102.5,72.51],[-102.48,72.83],[-100.43836,72.70588],[-101.54,73.36],[-100.35642,73.84389]]],[[[-93.1963,72.77199],[-94.26905,72.0246],[-95.40986,72.06188],[-96.03375,72.94028],[-96.01827,73.43743],[-95.49579,73.86242],[-94.50366,74.13491],[-92.42001,74.10003],[-90.50979,73.85673],[-92.00397,72.96624],[-93.1963,72.77199]]],[[[-120.46,71.3836],[-123.09219,70.90164],[-123.62,71.34],[-125.92895,71.86869],[-123.94,73.68],[-124.91775,74.29275],[-121.53788,74.44893],[-120.10978,74.24135],[-117.55564,74.18577],[-115.51081,73.47519],[-119.22,72.52],[-120.46,71.82],[-120.46,71.3836]]],[[[-93.61276,74.98],[-94.15691,74.59235],[-95.60868,74.66686],[-96.82093,74.92762],[-96.28859,75.37783],[-94.85082,75.64722],[-93.61276,74.98]]],[[[-98.5,76.72],[-97.73558,76.25656],[-97.70441,75.74344],[-98.16,75],[-99.80874,74.89744],[-100.88366,75.05736],[-100.86292,75.64075],[-102.50209,75.5638],[-102.56552,76.3366],[-101.48973,76.30537],[-99.98349,76.64634],[-98.57699,76.58859],[-98.5,76.72]]],[[[-108.21141,76.20168],[-107.81943,75.84552],[-106.92893,76.01282],[-105.881,75.9694],[-105.70498,75.47951],[-106.31347,75.00527],[-109.7,74.85],[-112.22307,74.41696],[-113.74381,74.39427],[-113.87135,74.72029],[-111.79421,75.1625],[-116.31221,75.04343],[-117.7104,75.2222],[-116.34602,76.19903],[-115.40487,76.47887],[-112.59056,76.14134],[-110.81422,75.54919],[-109.0671,75.47321],[-110.49726,76.42982],[-109.5811,76.79417],[-108.54859,76.67832],[-108.21141,76.20168]]],[[[-94.68409,77.09788],[-93.57392,76.7763],[-91.60502,76.77852],[-90.74185,76.4496],[-90.96966,76.07401],[-89.18708,75.61017],[-86.37919,75.48242],[-84.78963,75.6992],[-81.12853,75.71398],[-80.05751,75.33685],[-79.83393,74.92313],[-80.45777,74.6573],[-81.94884,74.44246],[-83.22889,74.56403],[-88.15035,74.39231],[-89.76472,74.51556],[-92.42244,74.83776],[-92.88991,75.88266],[-93.89382,76.31924],[-95.96246,76.44138],[-97.12138,76.75108],[-96.74512,77.16139],[-94.68409,77.09788]]],[[[-116.19859,77.64529],[-116.33581,76.87696],[-117.10605,76.53003],[-121.5,75.90002],[-122.85492,76.11654],[-121.15754,76.86451],[-119.10394,77.51222],[-116.19859,77.64529]]],[[[-93.84,77.52],[-96.16965,77.55511],[-96.4363,77.83463],[-94.42258,77.82],[-93.72066,77.63433],[-93.84,77.52]]],[[[-110.18694,77.69701],[-112.05119,77.40923],[-113.53428,77.73221],[-112.72459,78.05105],[-111.26444,78.15296],[-109.85445,77.99632],[-110.18694,77.69701]]],[[[-109.66315,78.60197],[-110.88131,78.40692],[-112.54209,78.4079],[-112.52589,78.55055],[-111.50001,78.84999],[-109.66315,78.60197]]],[[[-95.83029,78.05694],[-97.30984,77.8506],[-98.12429,78.08286],[-98.55287,78.45811],[-98.63198,78.87193],[-96.7544,78.76581],[-95.55928,78.41831],[-95.83029,78.05694]]],[[[-100.06019,78.32475],[-99.67094,77.90754],[-102.94981,78.34323],[-105.17613,78.38033],[-104.21043,78.67742],[-105.41958,78.91834],[-105.49229,79.30159],[-100.82516,78.80046],[-100.06019,78.32475]]],[[[-87.02,79.66],[-85.81435,79.3369],[-87.18756,79.0393],[-89.03535,78.28723],[-90.80436,78.21533],[-92.87669,78.34333],[-93.95116,78.75099],[-93.93574,79.11373],[-93.14524,79.3801],[-94.974,79.37248],[-96.07614,79.70502],[-96.70972,80.15777],[-95.32345,80.90729],[-94.29843,80.97727],[-94.73542,81.20646],[-92.40984,81.25739],[-91.13289,80.72345],[-87.81,80.32],[-87.02,79.66]]],[[[-68.5,83.10632],[-63.68,82.9],[-61.85,82.6286],[-61.89388,82.36165],[-67.65755,81.50141],[-65.48031,81.50657],[-69.4697,80.61683],[-71.18,79.8],[-73.2428,79.63415],[-73.88,79.43016],[-76.90773,79.32309],[-75.52924,79.19766],[-76.22046,79.01907],[-75.39345,78.52581],[-77.88851,77.89991],[-78.36269,77.50859],[-79.75951,77.20968],[-79.61965,76.98336],[-77.91089,77.02205],[-77.88911,76.77796],[-80.56125,76.17812],[-83.17439,76.45403],[-86.11184,76.29901],[-89.49068,76.47239],[-89.6161,76.95213],[-87.76739,77.17833],[-88.26,77.9],[-87.65,77.97022],[-84.97634,77.53873],[-86.34,78.18],[-87.96192,78.37181],[-87.15198,78.75867],[-85.37868,78.9969],[-85.09495,79.34543],[-86.50734,79.73624],[-86.93179,80.25145],[-83.4087,80.1],[-81.84823,80.46442],[-87.59895,80.51627],[-89.36663,80.85569],[-90.2,81.26],[-91.36786,81.5531],[-91.58702,81.89429],[-86.97024,82.27961],[-85.5,82.65227],[-84.26,82.6],[-83.18,82.32],[-82.42,82.86],[-79.30664,83.13056],[-75.71878,83.06404],[-72.83153,83.23324],[-68.5,83.10632]]],[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Canada\"}}]}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Pappas, Maria L.","contributorId":292974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pappas","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846363,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drum, Ryan G.","contributorId":171941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drum","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schultz, Cheryl B. 0000-0003-3388-8950","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-8950","contributorId":292946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Cheryl","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37380,"text":"Washington State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70214091,"text":"sim3461 - 2020 - Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Medina County, Texas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70214091,"text":"sim3461 - 2020 - Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Medina County, Texas","indexId":"sim3461","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Geologic Framework and Hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity Aquifers Within Northern Medina County, Texas","title":"Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Medina County, Texas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70258397,"text":"sim3526 - 2024 - Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Medina County, Texas","indexId":"sim3526","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Medina County, Texas"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70258397,"text":"sim3526 - 2024 - Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Medina County, Texas","indexId":"sim3526","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Medina County, Texas"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-20T17:56:40.050301","indexId":"sim3461","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-24T08:37:02","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3461","displayTitle":"Geologic Framework and Hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity Aquifers Within Northern Medina County, Texas","title":"Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Medina County, Texas","docAbstract":"The karstic Edwards and Trinity aquifers are classified as major sources of water in south-central Texas by the Texas Water Development Board. During 2018–20 the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority, mapped and described the geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the rocks composing the Edwards and Trinity aquifers in northern Medina County from field observations of the surficial expressions of the rocks. The thicknesses of the mapped lithostratigraphic members and hydrostratigraphic units were also estimated from field observations.
The Cretaceous-age rocks (listed in ascending order) in the study area are part of the Trinity Group (lower and upper members of the Glen Rose Limestone), Edwards Group (Kainer Formation [and its stratigraphic equivalent, the Fort Terrett Formation] and Person Formation), Devils River Limestone, Washita Group (Georgetown Formation, Del Rio Clay, and Buda Limestone), Eagle Ford Group, Austin Group, Taylor Group, and Late Cretaceous igneous intrusive rocks. The groups and formations are composed primarily of relatively thick layers of clays, shales, and limestone. The igneous rocks are coarse-grained ultramafic in composition.
The principal structural feature in northern Medina County is the Balcones fault zone, which is the result of late Oligocene and early Miocene extensional faulting and fracturing resulting from the eastern Edwards Plateau uplift. In the Balcones fault zone, most of the faults in the study area are high-angle to vertical, en echelon, normal faults that are predominately downthrown to the southeast.
Hydrostratigraphically, the rocks exposed in the study area (listed in descending order from land surface as they appear in a stratigraphic column) are igneous, the upper confining unit to the Edwards aquifer, the Edwards aquifer, the upper zone of the Trinity aquifer, and the upper part of the middle zone of the Trinity aquifer. The karstic carbonate Edwards and Trinity aquifers developed as a result of their original depositional history, primary and secondary porosity, diagenesis, fracturing, and faulting. These factors have resulted in development of modified porosity, permeability, and transmissivity within and between the aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3461","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.K., Morris, R.E., and Pedraza, D.E., 2020, Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Medina County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3461, 13 p. pamphlet, 1 pl., scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3461.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 13 p.; Sheet: 48 inches x 36 inches; Data Release","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-112816","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378661,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HHMBX8","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial dataset of the geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Medina County, Texas, at 1:24,000 scale"},{"id":378659,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3461/sim3461_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"1.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3461 Pamphlet"},{"id":378658,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3461/coverthb1.jpg"},{"id":378660,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3461/sim3461.pdf","text":"Map sheet","size":"30.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3461"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Medina County","otherGeospatial":"Edwards and Trinity Aquifers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.46609497070312,\n 29.31514119318728\n ],\n [\n -98.79867553710936,\n 29.31514119318728\n ],\n [\n -98.79867553710936,\n 29.6510621496229\n ],\n [\n -99.46609497070312,\n 29.6510621496229\n ],\n [\n -99.46609497070312,\n 29.31514119318728\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4501
During winter 2017–18 coastal areas of New England were impacted by the January 4, and March 2–4, 2018, nor’easters. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), under an interagency agreement with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), collected total water level data (the combination of tide, storm surge, wave runup and setup, and freshwater input) using the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) from high-water marks and continuous water-level sensors, to better understand the areal extent, timing, and impact of coastal flooding from strong storms.
During the January 4, 2018, nor’easter the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Boston, Massachusetts, tide gage recorded the highest total water level on record of 9.66 ft. During the March 2–4, 2018, nor’easter, the Boston tide gage recorded its third highest total water level on record of 9.16 ft.
After the January and March 2018 nor’easter storms, the USGS deployed field teams that identified and flagged high-water marks along the coastlines of eastern Massachusetts in January and from Portland, Maine, south to the Connecticut-New York State border in March. In preparation for the approach of the March 2018 nor’easter, the USGS deployed 35 temporary water-level sensors along the coastline of New England to collect total water level data during the storm. Total water level data were also collected at 28 tide gages and 14 coastal streamgages (affected tidally or by tidal backwater during coastal storms) in New England during both nor’easters.
Total water level elevations at 71 high-water marks collected after the January 2018 nor’easter in coastal areas of eastern Massachusetts ranged from 5.8 to 15.1 feet (ft), with an average elevation of 9.4 ft and a median elevation of 9.6 ft. Total water level elevations at 10 tide gages and 7 coastal streamgages from Portland to Cape Cod Bay ranged from 4.8 to 11.2 ft, with an average of 9.1 ft and a median of 9.6 ft. Following the March 2018 nor’easter, 111 high-water marks were collected along the New England coastline. Of the 111 high-water marks, 100 were along the eastern coastline of New England from Portland to Cape Cod and had elevations that ranged from 5.3 to 15.1 ft, with an average of 8.9 ft and a median of 8.6 ft. The remaining 11 high-water marks along the southern coastline of New England in Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts had elevations that ranged from 3.1 to 7.5 ft, with an average of 4.3 ft and a median of 4.9 ft. Total water level elevations for 19 USGS temporary water-level sensors from Portland to Cape Cod Bay ranged from 6.2 to 10.4 ft, with an average of 8.4 ft and a median of 8.7 ft. Total water level elevations at 10 tide gages and 6 coastal streamgages from Portland to Cape Cod Bay ranged from 7.8 to 10.8 ft, with an average of 9.1 ft and a median of 9.2 ft.
There were 10 tide gages and 5 coastal streamgages with data from both nor’easters from Portland to Cape Cod Bay; for the January nor’easter, the average and median elevations were about 0.3 and 0.5 ft higher, respectively, than for the March nor’easter. At the 52 high-water mark locations with data for both nor’easters in Massachusetts, the average and median elevations were 0.1 and 0.4 ft higher, respectively, for the January nor’easter than for the March nor’easter.
At 10 tide gages along the coastline from Portland to Cape Cod Bay, the observed peak total water level elevations for the January nor’easter ranged from 1.6 to 3.7 ft higher than the concurrent predicted elevations, with an average of 2.8 ft and a median of 3.0 ft higher. For the March nor’easter, the observed peak total water level elevations ranged from 1.8 to 4.0 ft higher than the concurrent predicted elevations, with an average of 2.7 ft and a median of 3.0 ft higher. This is approximately the amount of storm surge that was experienced during the highest tides of the two nor’easters along the coastline from Portland to Cape Cod Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., and Taylor, N.J., 2020, Total water level data from the January and March 2018 nor’easters for coastal areas of New England: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5048, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205048.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 47 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-108335","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378670,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://stn.wim.usgs.gov/FEV/#NoreasterofMarch2018","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"- Flood Event Viewer, March 2018 nor’easter"},{"id":378666,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5048/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378669,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://stn.wim.usgs.gov/FEV/#NoreasterJanuary2018","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"- Flood Event Viewer, January 2018 nor’easter"},{"id":378667,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5048/sir20205048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5048"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.86279296875,\n 44.80132682904856\n ],\n [\n -67.203369140625,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -67.32421875,\n 45.120052841530544\n ],\n [\n -67.412109375,\n 45.282617057517406\n ],\n [\n -67.423095703125,\n 45.606352077118316\n ],\n [\n -67.752685546875,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -67.796630859375,\n 47.092565552235705\n ],\n [\n -68.31298828125,\n 47.368594345213374\n ],\n [\n -68.92822265625,\n 47.21956811231547\n ],\n [\n -69.027099609375,\n 47.42065432071318\n ],\n [\n -69.2138671875,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -70.048828125,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -70.279541015625,\n 46.17983040759436\n ],\n [\n -70.455322265625,\n 45.71385093029221\n ],\n [\n -70.77392578125,\n 45.4524242413431\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 45.298075138707965\n ],\n [\n -71.290283203125,\n 45.298075138707965\n ],\n [\n -71.510009765625,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -71.619873046875,\n 44.55133484083592\n ],\n [\n -72.015380859375,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -72.45483398437499,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -72.53173828125,\n 42.90011265525328\n ],\n [\n -72.4658203125,\n 42.76314586689492\n ],\n [\n -73.27880859375,\n 42.771211138625894\n ],\n [\n -73.509521484375,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -73.54248046875,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -73.740234375,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -73.641357421875,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -72.861328125,\n 41.253032440653186\n ],\n [\n -72.059326171875,\n 41.20345619205131\n ],\n [\n -70.345458984375,\n 41.30257109430557\n ],\n [\n -69.971923828125,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -69.80712890625,\n 41.236511201246216\n ],\n [\n -69.93896484375,\n 42.04113400940807\n ],\n [\n -70.57617187499999,\n 42.73894375124377\n ],\n [\n -69.98291015625,\n 43.6599240747891\n ],\n [\n -66.97265625,\n 44.645208223744035\n ],\n [\n -66.86279296875,\n 44.80132682904856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Biological conservation often requires an understanding of how environmental conditions affect species occurrence and detection probabilities. We used a hierarchical framework to evaluate these effects for several Appalachian stream fish species of conservation concern: Chrosomus cumberlandensis (BSD; blackside dace), Etheostoma sagitta (CAD; Cumberland arrow darter), and Etheostoma spilotum (KAD; Kentucky arrow darter). Etheostoma susanae (Cumberland darter) also is present in the study area but was too rare to model in this analysis. In this study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, fish and habitat data were collected from 205 randomly selected stream sites in the upper Cumberland and Kentucky River Basins (120 and 85 sites, respectively) of Kentucky and Tennessee. Sites were sampled with 10 spatial replicates (2 meter x 5 meter electrofishing zones) to enable estimation of detection probabilities and environmental effects. The best models (that is, lowest Akaike information criterion scores) showed the effects of agriculture (negative) on occurrence of BSD and stream conductivity (negative) on occurrence of CAD and KAD. These effects were statistically more important than measures of basin area, elevation, and substrate size. Conductivity and agriculture showed nonlinear effects on species occurrence, and effects of conductivity were more precise above 400 microsiemens per centimeter than below this threshold. Models incorporated detection-level effects of electrofishing time (positive), flow velocity (negative), sand substrate (positive), and gravel/cobble substrate (negative). Models accounting for detection of BSD estimated occupancy rates similar to the observed proportion of occupied sites (0.10), but the best-supported models for CAD and KAD increased expected occupancy by about 4 percent for each species (from 0.17 to 0.21 for CAD and from 0.07 to 0.11 for KAD). Results of this study provide new inferences for modeling stream fish occurrence and detection processes and highlight the importance of continued monitoring and assessment of rare fish species in Appalachian headwater streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Hitt, N.P., Rogers, K.M., Kessler, K., and Macmillan, H., 2020, Modeling occupancy of rare stream fish species in the upper Cumberland and Kentucky River Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1100, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201100.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-118746","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378605,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1100/ofr20201100.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1100"},{"id":378604,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1100/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Cumberland River basin, Kentucky River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.1875,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -87.1875,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -87.1875,\n 35.88905007936091\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
There is an active debate regarding the influence that climate has on the risk of armed conflict, which stems from challenges in assembling unbiased datasets, competing hypotheses on the mechanisms of climate influence, and the difficulty of disentangling direct and indirect climate effects. We use gridded historical non-state conflict records, satellite data, and land surface models in a structural equation modeling approach to uncover the direct and indirect effects of climate on violent conflicts in Africa and the Middle East (ME). We show that climate–conflict linkages in these regions are more complex than previously suggested, with multiple mechanisms at work. Warm temperatures and low rainfall direct effects on conflict risk were stronger than indirect effects through food and water supplies. Warming increases the risk of violence in Africa but unexpectedly decreases this risk in the ME. Furthermore, at the country level, warming decreases the risk of violence in most West African countries. Overall, we find a non-linear response of conflict to warming across countries that depends on the local temperature conditions. We further show that magnitude and sign of the effects largely depend on the scale of analysis and geographical context. These results imply that extreme caution should be exerted when attempting to explain or project local climate–conflict relationships based on a single, generalized theory.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Science","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/aba97d","usgsCitation":"Helman, D., Zaitchik, B., and Funk, C., 2020, Climate has contrasting direct and indirect effects on armed conflicts: Environmental Research Letters, v. 15, 104017, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aba97d.","productDescription":"104017, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118530","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aba97d","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa, Middle East","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 19.94002207269733,\n -35.32488342223352\n ],\n [\n 22.30264497339894,\n -34.38790227386746\n ],\n [\n 23.468701613015384,\n -34.330881771106974\n ],\n [\n 24.692322260589634,\n -34.751812137152\n ],\n [\n 25.47740578859498,\n -34.205335553030366\n ],\n [\n 27.089639833842824,\n -33.933450403461386\n ],\n [\n 30.31986500109366,\n -31.23266766081391\n ],\n [\n 31.409895929342156,\n -29.645782996774948\n ],\n [\n 32.442018454769226,\n -28.706434295573864\n ],\n [\n 32.72807344689858,\n -27.67931853909235\n ],\n [\n 33.155428254383054,\n -26.651406714444256\n ],\n [\n 32.964823872325525,\n -25.964783617688084\n ],\n [\n 33.36331786114664,\n -25.571591912195487\n ],\n [\n 35.30713427567525,\n -24.914957583828226\n ],\n [\n 35.7979865007984,\n -23.94228074653921\n ],\n [\n 35.56379587404922,\n -21.75202362871562\n ],\n [\n 34.98380900973302,\n -20.21315923083297\n ],\n [\n 36.16787890081994,\n -19.058565142399104\n ],\n [\n 37.30379075659283,\n -18.141952374921246\n ],\n [\n 39.1570740642473,\n -17.136174010148267\n ],\n [\n 39.99171120001961,\n -16.660159360781748\n ],\n [\n 41.0682242251053,\n -14.963137368247516\n ],\n [\n 40.95578814573199,\n -13.91617034975775\n ],\n [\n 40.68453706291359,\n -11.32197128679266\n ],\n [\n 40.82399150919409,\n -10.408136406171039\n ],\n [\n 40.03587112306394,\n -9.687811393028198\n ],\n [\n 39.55135019679557,\n -8.351337185416625\n ],\n [\n 39.70380063000681,\n -7.759102760228316\n ],\n [\n 39.73448940774267,\n -6.525054669026602\n ],\n [\n 39.108079787535786,\n -6.107967406327589\n ],\n [\n 39.58097469277854,\n -4.84409176173132\n ],\n [\n 40.645240587098044,\n -2.8934219320360484\n ],\n [\n 41.88104116114013,\n -1.7828720395986863\n ],\n [\n 42.846321495888816,\n -0.3763238115751619\n ],\n [\n 44.6130426870549,\n 1.3337215653189958\n ],\n [\n 48.167052639206986,\n 4.331183120159068\n ],\n [\n 49.16834408109261,\n 6.010175574347983\n ],\n [\n 49.42171285060266,\n 6.820690067213022\n ],\n [\n 51.083092435806776,\n 9.331346786378674\n ],\n [\n 51.09186634984317,\n 9.964581280048904\n ],\n [\n 51.417978742067675,\n 10.409874729051978\n ],\n [\n 51.31740456005497,\n 11.946309528735128\n ],\n [\n 50.548027068333795,\n 12.137707830146951\n ],\n [\n 49.13115248025372,\n 11.620849558146801\n ],\n [\n 48.044004416821025,\n 11.620341939366227\n ],\n [\n 46.640305966378634,\n 11.172645312261139\n ],\n [\n 45.6818821835611,\n 11.173783061015001\n ],\n [\n 44.85771617549028,\n 10.664201285177285\n ],\n [\n 43.95570367871929,\n 10.92136306896731\n ],\n [\n 43.53468006805409,\n 12.337634188787533\n ],\n [\n 44.63249654579258,\n 12.462945550291067\n ],\n [\n 45.40715123624611,\n 12.460688162723486\n ],\n [\n 46.04516814467573,\n 12.9778695647599\n ],\n [\n 47.33441277143854,\n 13.236184533556226\n ],\n [\n 48.17434313101157,\n 13.69291801706241\n ],\n [\n 48.95159269475579,\n 13.693508689099573\n ],\n [\n 49.54353187819419,\n 14.483368364319986\n ],\n [\n 52.45048439205132,\n 15.294511212433378\n ],\n [\n 52.67672307262052,\n 16.03490718608431\n ],\n [\n 53.97539917620773,\n 16.590787557432222\n ],\n [\n 55.272295868559354,\n 16.744951146495865\n ],\n [\n 55.60119165612468,\n 17.575779323711444\n ],\n [\n 56.6505841850888,\n 17.734185659254948\n ],\n [\n 56.931023537253225,\n 18.580063447731078\n ],\n [\n 57.786190745158905,\n 18.67100789892801\n ],\n [\n 58.24612568829491,\n 19.68177200664104\n ],\n [\n 60.05265769556499,\n 22.328874054809575\n ],\n [\n 59.337662396660875,\n 23.00313362347829\n ],\n [\n 58.94891701312804,\n 23.986998500345578\n ],\n [\n 58.04717527908926,\n 23.945071379533317\n ],\n [\n 56.97287717626412,\n 24.327036972197277\n ],\n [\n 56.71482214696678,\n 25.002770135748136\n ],\n [\n 56.68322249986562,\n 26.382416748239436\n ],\n [\n 57.17070063245964,\n 25.59202815779247\n ],\n [\n 58.676121965719545,\n 25.225301577550084\n ],\n [\n 60.214965777158795,\n 25.159043398298465\n ],\n [\n 61.81891703028106,\n 24.767972487897396\n ],\n [\n 62.06419745864346,\n 25.89377886559474\n ],\n [\n 62.54067746803244,\n 26.27630135813702\n ],\n [\n 63.37132411744548,\n 26.475048050041366\n ],\n [\n 63.49612844788092,\n 27.348828650266924\n ],\n [\n 62.864819284375955,\n 27.34096287864965\n ],\n [\n 62.97969816227203,\n 28.46757179346359\n ],\n [\n 61.610289880664425,\n 28.946334314400005\n ],\n [\n 61.21617986516833,\n 29.756316129172163\n ],\n [\n 62.04507760662807,\n 30.78418231967639\n ],\n [\n 61.93880371125405,\n 31.609208653404238\n ],\n [\n 61.123694990545374,\n 31.657926463567577\n ],\n [\n 60.96416884310321,\n 33.19690540096326\n ],\n [\n 61.24098250005892,\n 33.65587172991026\n ],\n [\n 60.68014446739852,\n 34.100832237512975\n ],\n [\n 61.37778893601188,\n 35.295360732125076\n ],\n [\n 61.42207731796037,\n 37.16683418899123\n ],\n [\n 59.89938705101014,\n 37.14022532000317\n ],\n [\n 59.51311279139691,\n 37.81264159068715\n ],\n [\n 58.28141382660314,\n 37.852410555981976\n ],\n [\n 57.21082727514343,\n 38.44368272519014\n ],\n [\n 56.39825870656907,\n 38.28079136970368\n ],\n [\n 55.298477434057475,\n 38.313317401679086\n ],\n [\n 54.57054653381368,\n 37.66364651342535\n ],\n [\n 53.547115540902894,\n 37.277070008177446\n ],\n [\n 51.781381433329074,\n 36.78092615924875\n ],\n [\n 50.91881542810725,\n 37.14932110461429\n ],\n [\n 50.383758326423674,\n 37.53717473832667\n ],\n [\n 49.503701446808805,\n 37.83819954101962\n ],\n [\n 49.30554386715613,\n 38.53293744782087\n ],\n [\n 48.50445778069138,\n 38.74481923680315\n ],\n [\n 48.670294001732174,\n 39.57611903098851\n ],\n [\n 47.92223140258733,\n 40.1514552021095\n ],\n [\n 46.945529847290146,\n 39.50178038686741\n ],\n [\n 46.01830650523786,\n 38.978879982075654\n ],\n [\n 45.053554643285395,\n 39.80684483156452\n ],\n [\n 44.046760246680805,\n 40.43839356036679\n ],\n [\n 43.6249079503404,\n 41.106282629695045\n ],\n [\n 42.90323498588239,\n 41.75742402643124\n ],\n [\n 41.62252422329453,\n 41.66106401841387\n ],\n [\n 40.512535562924626,\n 41.42315765777036\n ],\n [\n 38.6650001027339,\n 41.24966415988362\n ],\n [\n 36.99350664605652,\n 41.445497150750185\n ],\n [\n 35.02930845574272,\n 42.207667080024464\n ],\n [\n 33.56682880457808,\n 42.37623650280301\n ],\n [\n 31.318427802977567,\n 41.7206235446414\n ],\n [\n 29.39188872358997,\n 41.37795096106814\n ],\n [\n 28.56826873786889,\n 41.14026093111161\n ],\n [\n 28.396234086451443,\n 40.60947947162197\n ],\n [\n 26.254566715084906,\n 40.54275800010683\n ],\n [\n 25.882843639873442,\n 39.799245920506024\n ],\n [\n 25.887913087032643,\n 38.43972809993258\n ],\n [\n 26.947493151003442,\n 37.10752875019402\n ],\n [\n 27.61471613216355,\n 36.45476489724595\n ],\n [\n 28.34965784789358,\n 36.37715629556908\n ],\n [\n 29.54455029450554,\n 35.692177580691606\n ],\n [\n 30.836693031864314,\n 36.138278105735054\n ],\n [\n 30.873544966309566,\n 36.58100171191616\n ],\n [\n 31.925076685025573,\n 36.24909711716805\n ],\n [\n 32.2101683223855,\n 35.57000610985477\n ],\n [\n 33.88641135517119,\n 36.00103050916614\n ],\n [\n 34.48801248649673,\n 36.391697693009476\n ],\n [\n 35.1923638846518,\n 36.21766024321968\n ],\n [\n 35.61631206049725,\n 34.85032826925669\n ],\n [\n 34.9077577942376,\n 33.343016135696075\n ],\n [\n 33.85416096751965,\n 31.759127544513035\n ],\n [\n 32.992768512281316,\n 31.292459779952807\n ],\n [\n 31.614985174930297,\n 32.105974456923875\n ],\n [\n 29.930963130519643,\n 31.635972223053315\n ],\n [\n 29.158984028978352,\n 31.01903074894362\n ],\n [\n 26.2216581093258,\n 31.7729641047508\n ],\n [\n 25.000377009242527,\n 32.245144600005375\n ],\n [\n 23.668070582513053,\n 32.459049388251685\n ],\n [\n 23.107657278439206,\n 32.96310058108104\n ],\n [\n 21.71014199823574,\n 33.160093933566145\n ],\n [\n 20.356047800860523,\n 32.95949696493204\n ],\n [\n 19.584714390664317,\n 32.2639768519892\n ],\n [\n 19.864982553329867,\n 31.297194007786544\n ],\n [\n 19.342823701795226,\n 30.582453064390947\n ],\n [\n 17.68092498748905,\n 31.266332818296476\n ],\n [\n 15.766257974669543,\n 31.497325770750436\n ],\n [\n 15.377378044184866,\n 32.45124800379622\n ],\n [\n 14.212745856800694,\n 32.99377918214702\n ],\n [\n 13.32152862524373,\n 33.08202328537372\n ],\n [\n 12.501487804749786,\n 33.03818943776618\n ],\n [\n 11.544926845602248,\n 33.55041764627683\n ],\n [\n 10.954014014126585,\n 34.115646508353834\n ],\n [\n 11.345642166618262,\n 35.10895420032685\n ],\n [\n 11.278560909331077,\n 35.67119111696948\n ],\n [\n 10.825375047128091,\n 36.29958742867444\n ],\n [\n 11.61312074284092,\n 36.98275267728964\n ],\n [\n 10.522554215425231,\n 37.241550688727884\n ],\n [\n 9.423193926467349,\n 37.61839781163684\n ],\n [\n 8.4884317037816,\n 37.17115159009515\n ],\n [\n 7.073296668578905,\n 37.27513161742192\n ],\n [\n 6.047737850605785,\n 37.31389837883957\n ],\n [\n 5.276827848278572,\n 37.03898075772244\n ],\n [\n 4.073845993270254,\n 37.247363941086746\n ],\n [\n 2.5790799165311284,\n 37.05286137068833\n ],\n [\n 1.2480316850837312,\n 36.789076681780486\n ],\n [\n -0.2795062688409473,\n 36.18079147002422\n ],\n [\n -1.7217935146900913,\n 35.56033258029477\n ],\n [\n -3.2851598807577034,\n 35.61268920609956\n ],\n [\n -4.792928187930954,\n 35.65549395688895\n ],\n [\n -5.064638297821176,\n 36.14250870710457\n ],\n [\n -6.248043120678176,\n 36.078974129038045\n ],\n [\n -6.975427609276721,\n 34.76271045321012\n ],\n [\n -7.152261425878123,\n 34.02836027763891\n ],\n [\n -8.301117576813539,\n 33.422168861304314\n ],\n [\n -9.665120800556991,\n 32.57250703196394\n ],\n [\n -10.36961142568714,\n 31.08326757350268\n ],\n [\n -10.093527325382155,\n 30.207854050117106\n ],\n [\n -10.629954374444338,\n 29.45605367499725\n ],\n [\n -11.858859915495714,\n 28.633033316001857\n ],\n [\n -13.075118224637947,\n 28.058097398022824\n ],\n [\n -13.76809763143325,\n 27.320557856957095\n ],\n [\n -14.816534801366316,\n 26.521870854700396\n ],\n [\n -15.26967065297913,\n 25.21858691556828\n ],\n [\n -16.09298474615491,\n 24.50612419859428\n ],\n [\n -16.605997558877988,\n 22.671841776392156\n ],\n [\n -17.410322929648714,\n 21.41829790875559\n ],\n [\n -16.935567854651595,\n 20.59995314703903\n ],\n [\n -16.865759261109872,\n 18.774919038122547\n ],\n [\n -16.375957722580864,\n 18.116805467033657\n ],\n [\n -16.825961508379294,\n 16.317347684829784\n ],\n [\n -17.45936414868504,\n 15.178174380805189\n ],\n [\n -17.762905594481452,\n 14.444729004234475\n ],\n [\n -16.904893689215044,\n 13.629903294993056\n ],\n [\n -16.933361637958257,\n 12.262956157784984\n ],\n [\n -15.506519704614504,\n 11.167491550263065\n ],\n [\n -14.884312807147694,\n 10.554476535543671\n ],\n [\n -13.679193966620744,\n 9.396228604594228\n ],\n [\n -13.859657496174549,\n 8.489187319238738\n ],\n [\n -13.05355127512297,\n 7.378748796875939\n ],\n [\n -11.65490647421612,\n 6.686294751047711\n ],\n [\n -10.15144224734101,\n 5.547793384340608\n ],\n [\n -8.552580036790857,\n 4.535765683638658\n ],\n [\n -7.699655854116173,\n 4.124938378509327\n ],\n [\n -6.1389257194393565,\n 4.699576789748775\n ],\n [\n -4.535099988874862,\n 4.813994698476506\n ],\n [\n -3.0106101645667707,\n 4.723716232552675\n ],\n [\n -2.063701591863719,\n 4.359819347000155\n ],\n [\n 0.010361784833548882,\n 5.333318277144826\n ],\n [\n 1.7651823251995893,\n 5.840774898417777\n ],\n [\n 3.082502393172831,\n 6.085657070063661\n ],\n [\n 4.214292065000251,\n 6.136606605002143\n ],\n [\n 4.780549333638646,\n 5.560975393781888\n ],\n [\n 5.2221471675146915,\n 4.666473001409017\n ],\n [\n 5.855927567883015,\n 4.016187270465224\n ],\n [\n 8.088030342845116,\n 4.2083774456593375\n ],\n [\n 9.252088619549625,\n 3.716064402211316\n ],\n [\n 9.58182380603995,\n 3.056803832373973\n ],\n [\n 9.202192248128881,\n 2.0988566332550818\n ],\n [\n 9.095228604303003,\n 0.658594388998381\n ],\n [\n 8.917642763773301,\n -0.19726839314429867\n ],\n [\n 8.284982036640486,\n -0.9726443999896048\n ],\n [\n 9.311970805338035,\n -2.4849817092955817\n ],\n [\n 11.268358153066401,\n -4.431013661657801\n ],\n [\n 11.719430669021932,\n -5.495105262588822\n ],\n [\n 11.840542000923335,\n -6.506908742229598\n ],\n [\n 12.884346780100202,\n -8.101428588501165\n ],\n [\n 12.754365300012893,\n -9.296474933781354\n ],\n [\n 13.46048418043722,\n -10.866551299090006\n ],\n [\n 13.152217764969976,\n -12.243749352883853\n ],\n [\n 12.428221243589377,\n -13.125665018289908\n ],\n [\n 11.890403365497434,\n -15.062987053908046\n ],\n [\n 11.576175248454291,\n -15.649012548238545\n ],\n [\n 11.564546845073892,\n -16.78455618126023\n ],\n [\n 11.491770137096353,\n -17.922241729574267\n ],\n [\n 12.76647104316288,\n -20.13775946567617\n ],\n [\n 13.187626316108805,\n -20.88142419784087\n ],\n [\n 14.143181823756208,\n -22.438806833278306\n ],\n [\n 14.107589454253343,\n -23.99313504309056\n ],\n [\n 14.458435365294719,\n -24.95871930175535\n ],\n [\n 14.657531358340634,\n -26.337386083308687\n ],\n [\n 15.326220102219764,\n -28.059682790972857\n ],\n [\n 16.360424012635548,\n -28.914601919225525\n ],\n [\n 16.543091422097206,\n -29.80826293490204\n ],\n [\n 17.656055886512377,\n -31.757689842805576\n ],\n [\n 17.75363502546861,\n -32.47808237790934\n ],\n [\n 17.267364332028592,\n -32.925799257079035\n ],\n [\n 18.147380983915525,\n -34.24219803258757\n ],\n [\n 19.94002207269733,\n -35.32488342223352\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 47.41038492915342,\n -25.412155860912122\n ],\n [\n 48.38282385089997,\n -21.971869332281315\n ],\n [\n 48.91388175094784,\n -20.339791135720503\n ],\n [\n 49.75751024249058,\n -18.216495300819062\n ],\n [\n 49.815255750033174,\n -17.283316959635556\n ],\n [\n 50.77182451637913,\n -15.4702338353691\n ],\n [\n 50.376592163779776,\n -14.602426820736113\n ],\n [\n 50.30364952478146,\n -13.353352668404426\n ],\n [\n 49.78741300935263,\n -12.480121286716567\n ],\n [\n 49.27457238513867,\n -11.601771506392296\n ],\n [\n 48.510430008336186,\n -12.360398683659355\n ],\n [\n 47.7426346547245,\n -13.488173017251313\n ],\n [\n 47.096048997235926,\n -14.79585957296085\n ],\n [\n 45.99513132651262,\n -15.345688646969919\n ],\n [\n 44.23221922094211,\n -16.00091658609189\n ],\n [\n 44.01886129326675,\n -16.806416772301375\n ],\n [\n 43.605860367154065,\n -17.545232273330967\n ],\n [\n 44.14170720964151,\n -19.67824957989835\n ],\n [\n 43.559015359683485,\n -21.04742153496828\n ],\n [\n 42.9857172115363,\n -21.792994252760565\n ],\n [\n 43.31473647785114,\n -23.57690504550159\n ],\n [\n 43.453752956471476,\n -24.99149037491543\n ],\n [\n 44.32817214255897,\n -25.77970280511022\n ],\n [\n 45.29701935262412,\n -26.179352727463474\n ],\n [\n 46.43446808688989,\n -25.537552078419807\n ],\n [\n 47.41038492915342,\n -25.412155860912122\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helman, David","contributorId":330683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helman","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":37540,"text":"John Hopkins University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zaitchik, Benjamin F.","contributorId":330684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zaitchik","given":"Benjamin F.","affiliations":[{"id":37540,"text":"John Hopkins University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70219515,"text":"70219515 - 2020 - Unfamiliar territory: Emerging themes for ecological drought research and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-12T14:49:40.365871","indexId":"70219515","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-18T09:41:05","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7583,"text":"One Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unfamiliar territory: Emerging themes for ecological drought research and management","docAbstract":"Novel forms of drought are emerging globally, due to climate change, shifting teleconnection patterns, expanding human water use, and a history of human influence on the environment that increases the probability of transformational ecological impacts. These costly ecological impacts cascade to human communities, and understanding this changing drought landscape is one of today’s grand challenges. By using a modified horizon-scanning approach that integrated scientists, managers, and decision-makers, we identified the emerging issues in ecological drought that represent key challenges to timely and effective responses. Here we review the themes that most urgently need attention, including novel drought conditions, the potential for transformational drought impacts, and the need for anticipatory drought management. This horizon scan and review provides a roadmap to facilitate the research and management innovations that will support forward-looking, co-developed approaches to reduce the risk of drought to our socio-ecological systems during the 21st century.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.oneear.2020.08.019","usgsCitation":"Crausbay, S.D., Betancourt, J.L., Bradford, J., Cartwright, J.M., Dennison, W., Dunham, J.B., Enquist, C.A., Frazier, A.G., Hall, K.R., Littell, J., Luce, C.H., Palmer, R., Ramirez, A.R., Rangwala, I., Thompson, L., Walsh, B.M., and Carter, S., 2020, Unfamiliar territory: Emerging themes for ecological drought research and management: One Earth, v. 3, no. 3, p. 337-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.08.019.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"353","ipdsId":"IP-110891","costCenters":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":41166,"text":"Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/68403","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -130.67138671875,\n 54.686534234529695\n ],\n [\n -129.9462890625,\n 55.36662484928637\n ],\n [\n -130.1220703125,\n 56.145549500679074\n ],\n [\n -131.9677734375,\n 56.9449741808516\n ],\n [\n -135.3076171875,\n 59.833775202184206\n ],\n [\n -136.38427734375,\n 59.65664225341022\n ],\n [\n -136.6259765625,\n 59.23217626921806\n ],\n [\n -137.52685546875,\n 58.938673187948304\n ],\n [\n -137.65869140625,\n 59.33318942659219\n ],\n [\n -138.8232421875,\n 60.009970961180386\n ],\n [\n -139.21874999999997,\n 60.108670463036\n ],\n [\n -139.04296875,\n 60.403001945865476\n ],\n [\n -139.85595703125,\n 60.337823495982015\n ],\n [\n -140.99853515625,\n 60.337823495982015\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 69.71810669906763\n ],\n [\n -143.4375,\n 70.17020068549206\n ],\n [\n -145.1953125,\n 70.08056215839737\n ],\n [\n -149.765625,\n 70.58341752317065\n ],\n [\n -152.40234375,\n 70.61261423801925\n ],\n [\n -152.314453125,\n 70.95969716686398\n ],\n [\n -157.1484375,\n 71.35706654962706\n ],\n [\n -159.9609375,\n 70.8734913192635\n ],\n [\n -162.0703125,\n 70.31873847853124\n ],\n [\n -163.916015625,\n 69.06856318696033\n ],\n [\n -166.376953125,\n 68.942606818121\n ],\n [\n -166.376953125,\n 68.26938680456564\n ],\n [\n -163.30078125,\n 66.86108230224609\n ],\n [\n -161.982421875,\n 66.47820814385636\n ],\n [\n -163.564453125,\n 66.08936427047088\n ],\n [\n -163.564453125,\n 66.6181218846659\n ],\n [\n -165.76171875,\n 66.40795547978848\n ],\n [\n -168.0908203125,\n 65.69447579373418\n ],\n [\n -166.55273437499997,\n 65.14611484756372\n ],\n [\n -166.904296875,\n 65.05360170595502\n ],\n [\n -166.3330078125,\n 64.41592147626879\n ],\n [\n -162.861328125,\n 64.39693778132846\n ],\n [\n -160.927734375,\n 64.90491004905083\n ],\n [\n -161.0595703125,\n 64.47279382008166\n ],\n [\n -161.4990234375,\n 64.49172504435471\n ],\n [\n -160.8837890625,\n 63.87939001720202\n ],\n [\n -161.1474609375,\n 63.470144746565424\n ],\n [\n -162.6416015625,\n 63.64625919492172\n ],\n [\n -163.212890625,\n 63.05495931065107\n ],\n [\n -164.2236328125,\n 63.37183226679281\n ],\n [\n -166.1572265625,\n 61.75233128411639\n ],\n [\n -165.3662109375,\n 60.54377524118842\n ],\n [\n -167.431640625,\n 60.326947742998414\n ],\n [\n -167.255859375,\n 59.866883195210214\n ],\n [\n -165.8935546875,\n 59.7563950493563\n ],\n [\n -162.68554687499997,\n 59.734253447591364\n ],\n [\n -162.3779296875,\n 60.174306261926034\n ],\n [\n -161.806640625,\n 59.46740794183739\n ],\n [\n -162.0263671875,\n 59.108308258604964\n ],\n [\n -161.806640625,\n 58.768200159239576\n ],\n [\n -162.20214843749997,\n 58.65408464530598\n ],\n [\n -160.83984375,\n 58.44773280389084\n ],\n [\n -159.9609375,\n 58.6769376725869\n ],\n [\n -159.08203125,\n 58.309488840677645\n ],\n [\n -156.88476562499997,\n 58.92733441827545\n ],\n [\n -157.5,\n 58.516651799363785\n ],\n [\n -157.8076171875,\n 57.61010702068388\n ],\n [\n -161.54296875,\n 56.022948079627454\n ],\n [\n -168.6181640625,\n 53.4357192066942\n ],\n [\n -174.9462890625,\n 52.26815737376817\n ],\n [\n -178.2421875,\n 51.83577752045248\n ],\n [\n -173.1884765625,\n 51.590722643120145\n ],\n [\n -162.5537109375,\n 54.23955053156177\n ],\n [\n -155.302734375,\n 55.52863052257191\n ],\n [\n -151.4794921875,\n 57.51582286553883\n ],\n [\n -146.9970703125,\n 60.08676274626006\n ],\n [\n -145.546875,\n 60.21799073323445\n ],\n [\n -144.228515625,\n 59.689926220143356\n ],\n [\n -142.3828125,\n 59.93300042374631\n ],\n [\n -138.3837890625,\n 58.83649009392136\n ],\n [\n -135.6591796875,\n 56.31653672211301\n ],\n [\n -133.2421875,\n 54.521081495443596\n ],\n [\n -130.67138671875,\n 54.686534234529695\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.796875,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -67.67578124999999,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -67.939453125,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -69.2578125,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n 45.27488643704891\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -82.68310546875,\n 41.65649719441145\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -83.07861328125,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -82.24365234375,\n 43.6599240747891\n ],\n [\n -82.41943359375,\n 45.058001435398275\n ],\n [\n -83.60595703125,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 46.027481852486645\n ],\n [\n -83.7158203125,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -83.95751953125,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -84.24316406249999,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -84.90234375,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -89.3408203125,\n 47.96050238891509\n ],\n [\n -90.76904296874999,\n 48.122101028190805\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n -91.51611328125,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 48.37084770238366\n ],\n [\n -92.39501953125,\n 48.23930899024907\n ],\n [\n -92.94433593749999,\n 48.61838518688487\n ],\n [\n -93.44970703125,\n 48.63290858589535\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 48.748945343432936\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 49.23912083246698\n ],\n [\n -95.1416015625,\n 49.396675075193976\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -123.0908203125,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -123.24462890625,\n 48.66194284607006\n ],\n [\n -123.1787109375,\n 48.32703913063476\n ],\n [\n -124.78271484375,\n 48.472921272487824\n ],\n [\n -124.93652343749999,\n 48.16608541901253\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -124.93652343749999,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 41.22824901518529\n ],\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 40.43022363450862\n ],\n [\n -124.03564453125,\n 39.35129035526705\n ],\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -122.05810546875,\n 36.12012758978146\n ],\n [\n -120.95947265624999,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -120.80566406250001,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -118.21289062499999,\n 32.2313896627376\n ],\n [\n -117.22412109375,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 32.713355353177555\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 32.491230287947594\n ],\n [\n -110.98388671874999,\n 31.3348710339506\n ],\n [\n -108.21533203125,\n 31.297327991404266\n ],\n [\n -108.2373046875,\n 31.765537409484374\n ],\n [\n -106.435546875,\n 31.765537409484374\n ],\n [\n -104.9853515625,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -104.47998046875,\n 29.592565403314087\n ],\n [\n -103.20556640625,\n 28.94086176940557\n ],\n [\n -102.65625,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -102.3486328125,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -101.49169921875,\n 29.7453016622136\n ],\n [\n -100.83251953125,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -100.30517578125,\n 28.246327971048842\n ],\n [\n -99.60205078124999,\n 27.586197857692664\n ],\n [\n -99.47021484375,\n 27.31321389856826\n ],\n [\n -99.228515625,\n 26.52956523826758\n ],\n [\n -98.2177734375,\n 26.05678288577881\n ],\n [\n -97.75634765625,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -97.44873046875,\n 25.839449402063185\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 25.93828707492375\n ],\n [\n -96.8994140625,\n 26.194876675795218\n ],\n [\n -96.78955078125,\n 27.858503954841247\n ],\n [\n -93.75732421875,\n 29.420460341013133\n ],\n [\n -90.2197265625,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -88.22021484375,\n 29.05616970274342\n ],\n [\n -87.91259765625,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -86.5283203125,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -85.2978515625,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -84.13330078125,\n 29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n -82.81494140625,\n 28.555576049185973\n ],\n [\n -83.21044921875,\n 27.800209937418252\n ],\n [\n -82.77099609375,\n 26.941659545381516\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 25.264568475331583\n ],\n [\n -82.28759765625,\n 24.467150664739002\n ],\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 24.046463999666567\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 24.56710835257599\n ],\n [\n -79.78271484375,\n 25.34402602913433\n ],\n [\n -79.60693359375,\n 27.27416111737468\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -80.66162109375,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 34.07086232376631\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 35.263561862152095\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -73.58642578125,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -71.3671875,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -69.63134765625,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -70.0048828125,\n 42.342305278572816\n ],\n [\n -70.3564453125,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -67.2802734375,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -67.0166015625,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -66.796875,\n 44.902577996288876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.2308349609375,\n 17.96305758238804\n ],\n [\n -67.2198486328125,\n 17.910795834978483\n ],\n [\n -66.5716552734375,\n 17.866361230891894\n ],\n [\n -66.16790771484375,\n 17.90556881196468\n ],\n [\n -65.85205078125,\n 17.973508079068797\n ],\n [\n -65.7861328125,\n 18.04142122189195\n ],\n [\n -65.50323486328125,\n 18.06231230454674\n ],\n [\n -65.2587890625,\n 18.114529138838503\n ],\n [\n -65.269775390625,\n 18.15629140283545\n ],\n [\n -65.4400634765625,\n 18.18238775108558\n ],\n [\n -65.51422119140625,\n 18.14324176648384\n ],\n [\n -65.5609130859375,\n 18.40665471391907\n ],\n [\n -65.64880371093749,\n 18.404048629104647\n ],\n [\n -65.77789306640625,\n 18.417078658661257\n ],\n [\n -65.9124755859375,\n 18.46918890441719\n ],\n [\n -66.24755859375,\n 18.510865709091377\n ],\n [\n -66.4837646484375,\n 18.503052080569763\n ],\n [\n -66.98638916015625,\n 18.51347017266187\n ],\n [\n -67.115478515625,\n 18.534304453676864\n ],\n [\n -67.181396484375,\n 18.48742375381096\n ],\n [\n -67.16217041015625,\n 18.432713391700858\n ],\n [\n -67.2637939453125,\n 18.375379094031825\n ],\n [\n -67.19238281249999,\n 18.2397859708389\n ],\n [\n -67.2308349609375,\n 17.96305758238804\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crausbay, Shelley D.","contributorId":197220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crausbay","given":"Shelley","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":54831,"text":"Conservation Science Partners, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":219257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cartwright, Jennifer M. 0000-0003-0851-8456 jmcart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8456","contributorId":5386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmcart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dennison, William C.","contributorId":248356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dennison","given":"William C.","affiliations":[{"id":38802,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":147808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Enquist, Carolyn Armstrong 0000-0001-6677-7064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6677-7064","contributorId":244370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enquist","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"Armstrong","affiliations":[{"id":41166,"text":"Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Frazier, Abby G.","contributorId":221112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frazier","given":"Abby","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":40321,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hall, Kimberly R.","contributorId":197221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Littell, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-5302-8280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-8280","contributorId":205907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littell","given":"Jeremy","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Luce, Charlie H.","contributorId":173471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luce","given":"Charlie","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6684,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Aiken, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Palmer, Richard","contributorId":202903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ramirez, Aaron R.","contributorId":149780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17824,"text":"UC Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Rangwala, Imtiaz 0000-0002-4313-9374","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4313-9374","contributorId":148973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rangwala","given":"Imtiaz","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34534,"text":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":813895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Thompson, Laura 0000-0002-7884-6001","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-6001","contributorId":212190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Walsh, Brianne M.","contributorId":257253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walsh","given":"Brianne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37215,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Carter, Shawn 0000-0002-0045-4681","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-4681","contributorId":216490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Shawn","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70213247,"text":"ofr20201093 - 2020 - Use of time domain electromagnetic soundings and borehole electromagnetic induction logs to delineate the freshwater/saltwater interface on southwestern Long Island, New York, 2015–17","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-17T19:29:41.433193","indexId":"ofr20201093","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-17T14:25:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1093","displayTitle":"Use of Time Domain Electromagnetic Soundings and Borehole Electromagnetic Induction Logs to Delineate the Freshwater/Saltwater Interface on Southwestern Long Island, New York, 2015–17","title":"Use of time domain electromagnetic soundings and borehole electromagnetic induction logs to delineate the freshwater/saltwater interface on southwestern Long Island, New York, 2015–17","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, used surface and borehole geophysical methods to delineate the freshwater/saltwater interface in coastal plain aquifers along the southwestern part of Long Island, New York. Over pumping of groundwater in the early 20th century combined with freshwater/saltwater interfaces at the coastline created saltwater intrusion in the upper glacial, Jameco, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers. This study documents, for the first time, extensive saltwater intrusion of the Lloyd aquifer along the southwestern coast of Long Island, N.Y. Several public-supply wells in the southern parts of Nassau, Queens, and Kings Counties have been adversely affected by saltwater intrusion causing supply wells to be shutdown and abandoned. Due to the ongoing groundwater pumping in southern Nassau County, the freshwater/saltwater interface requires delineation and monitoring for any inland movement.
In 2015–17, the U.S. Geological Survey collected time domain electromagnetic soundings at 12 locations and borehole electromagnetic induction conductivity logs at 9 wells within the study area to delineate several saltwater intrusion wedges. The upper glacial, Jameco, and Magothy aquifers were grouped into one aquifer complex within the study area to simplify interpretations. The coastal plain sediments increase in thickness from west to east and north to south because of their regional dip toward the southeast. Three separate wedges, shallow, intermediate, and deep, of saltwater intrusion were delineated in the upper glacial, Jameco, and Magothy aquifer complex. In addition, analysis of geophysical logs collected in an open borehole of a test well in southern Queens County in 1989 revealed the Lloyd aquifer was nearly completely intruded by saltwater with an estimated chloride concentration of 15,000 milligrams per liter. The geophysical logs from this well provides, for the first time, definitive proof of saltwater intrusion of the Lloyd aquifer on Long Island’s south shore, suggesting the freshwater/saltwater interface was at the coastline and not miles offshore as theorized by previous studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201093","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Como, M.D., and Zuck, M.A., 2020, Use of time domain electromagnetic soundings and borehole electromagnetic induction logs to delineate the freshwater/saltwater interface on southwestern Long Island, New York, 2015–17: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1093, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201093.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Data Release; Database","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-118303","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378439,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7X63KT0","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"- USGS GeoLog Locator"},{"id":378438,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90B6OTX","text":"USGS data release","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"Time domain electromagnetic surveys collected to estimate the extent of saltwater intrusion in Nassau and Queens County, New York, October–November 2017"},{"id":378437,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1093/ofr20201093.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1093"},{"id":378436,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1093/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.03961181640625,\n 40.54406959045767\n ],\n [\n -73.32687377929688,\n 40.54406959045767\n ],\n [\n -73.32687377929688,\n 40.77638178482896\n ],\n [\n -74.03961181640625,\n 40.77638178482896\n ],\n [\n -74.03961181640625,\n 40.54406959045767\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
The East Contra Costa County Habitat Conservation Plan/Natural Community Conservation Plan (HCP/NCCP) Preserve System was designed to protect and enhance ecological diversity and function in eastern Contra Costa County, California. Aquila chrysaetos (golden eagle) is a special-status species expected to benefit from biological goals of the HCP/NCCP. As part of a broader study, we estimated site-occupancy, abundance, and reproduction of golden eagles in the HCP/NCCP inventory area in 2019. We completed 99 surveys and recorded a total of 50 detections of territorial pairs of eagles at 20 (67 percent) of 30 sites (13.9-square-kilometer [km2] plots). Detection probability of territorial pairs was highest in January and February (≥0.75) and lowest in mid-June to late July (<0.50). After correcting for imperfect detection, the expected probability of site-occupancy was 0.69 (standard error [SE] = 0.09), and mean expected abundance was 0.76 pairs per site (SE = 0.16), or 27.4 pairs per 500 km2. We found evidence of successful nesting (≥1 young fledged) for 3 (14 percent) of 22 pairs of eagles monitored in 2019. Our study design and baseline results should be useful for future monitoring and conservation of golden eagles in the HCP/NCCP area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with East Contra Costa County Habitat Conservancy Science and Research Grant Program, East Bay Regional Parks District, Save Mount Diablo’s Mary Bowerman Science and Research Grant Program, and NextEra Energy","usgsCitation":"Wiens, J.D., Kolar, P.S., and Bell, D.A., 2020, Distribution and abundance of Aquila chrysaetos (golden eagles) in East Contra Costa County Habitat Conservation Plan/Natural Community Conservation Plan area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020-1107, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201107.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119617","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378434,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1107/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378435,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1107/ofr20201107.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1107"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Contra Costa County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.75048828124999,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -120.83312988281249,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -120.83312988281249,\n 38.08701320402273\n ],\n [\n -121.75048828124999,\n 38.08701320402273\n ],\n [\n -121.75048828124999,\n 37.37015718405753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Village of East Hampton, New York, conducted a 1-year study from August 2017 to August 2018 to provide data necessary to improve understanding of the sources of nutrients and pathogens to Hook Pond watershed to allow for possible mitigation or reduction of loads. Chronic eutrophication and recent concern over harmful cyanobacteria in Hook Pond are the result of past and present land uses and a changing climate that have prompted the Village of East Hampton and local businesses to study and remediate factors contributing to the persistent loading of nutrients, organic contaminants, and pathogens. This assessment of Hook Pond, Hook Pond Dreen, and shallow groundwater provides the most comprehensive set of water-quality data to date. Interpretations presented in this study and the data on which they are based can be used to support management decisions, inform and contribute to modeling, and serve as a baseline for future assessments.
Results from continuous monitoring of water temperature, specific conductance, and elevation at Hook Pond site 10 (Maidstone Club golf cart bridge), as well as ancillary weather and tidal data from nearby stations, were used to help explain seasonal and storm-related concentration variation of nitrogen, phosphorus, wastewater-indicator compounds, and pathogens. Data collected were also compared to existing historical data. Physicochemical constituents measured on a routine basis throughout the pond and along the tributary showed the spatial variability in water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and chlorophyll a and phycocyanin fluorescence. A lakebed survey was compiled based on the year-round sampling throughout the pond for future comparisons. Water-quality data from shallow groundwater at points around Hook Pond and adjacent to Hook Pond Dreen were interpreted and quantified to estimate relative contributions and species of nutrients, wastewater-indicator compounds, and microbial source tracking (MST) markers to base flow. To supplement the continuous water-surface elevation data, a single set of discharge measurements was collected under normal (nonstorm) conditions to better understand the relative contributions and dilution of surface waters by contaminated groundwater.
The nutrient and physicochemical data from this study can be used in conjunction with current and future models and decision support tools to guide planned and ongoing restoration efforts, such as dredging to reduce sediment accumulation, opening a pathway to the ocean (which would change the salinity and flow dynamics of the pond and adjacent groundwater), and addressing growing concerns over cyanobacterial blooms, while serving as a baseline for measuring changes resulting from sea-level rise, climate change, and changes in nutrient loading. The microbial source tracking and indicator bacteria results can help direct efforts to reduce runoff and direct contributions of fecal contamination from dogs and waterfowl along Hook Pond Dreen. The results can also be used to assess the current state of wastewater infrastructure surrounding and contributing to Hook Pond Dreen, based on detection of human markers throughout the year and with both Bacteroides and coliphage methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Village of East Hampton","usgsCitation":"Fisher, S.C., McCarthy, B.A., Kephart, C.M., and Griffin, D.W., 2020, Assessment of water quality and fecal contamination sources at Hook Pond, East Hampton, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5071, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205071.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 58 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-103528","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378179,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5071/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378180,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5071/sir20205071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5071"},{"id":378181,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"- U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Hook Pond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.20489501953125,\n 40.94360177170972\n ],\n [\n -72.17124938964844,\n 40.94360177170972\n ],\n [\n -72.17124938964844,\n 40.95656702665609\n ],\n [\n -72.20489501953125,\n 40.95656702665609\n ],\n [\n -72.20489501953125,\n 40.94360177170972\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
As part of a regional effort to characterize groundwater in rural areas of Pennsylvania, water samples from 47 domestic wells in Potter County were collected from May through September 2017. The sampled wells had depths ranging from 33 to 600 feet in sandstone, shale, or siltstone aquifers. Groundwater samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties that could be evaluated in relation to drinking-water health standards, geology, land use, and other environmental factors. Laboratory analyses included concentrations of major ions, nutrients, bacteria, trace elements, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ethylene and propylene glycol, alcohols, gross-alpha/beta-particle activity, uranium, radon-222, and dissolved gases. A subset of samples was analyzed for radium isotopes (radium-226 and -228) and for the isotopic composition of methane.
Results of this 2017 study show that groundwater quality generally met most drinking-water standards that apply to public water supplies. However, a percentage of samples exceeded maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for total coliform bacteria (69.6 percent), Escherichia coli (30.4 percent), arsenic, and barium; and secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs) for field pH, manganese, sodium, iron, total dissolved solids, aluminum, and chloride. All of the analyzed VOCs were below limits of detection and associated drinking water criteria. Radon-222 activities exceeded the proposed drinking-water standard of 300 picocuries per liter in 80.9 percent of the samples.
The field pH of the groundwater ranged from 4.6 to 9.0. Generally, the lower pH samples had greater potential for elevated concentrations of dissolved metals, including beryllium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, whereas the higher pH samples had greater potential for elevated concentrations of total dissolved solids, sodium, fluoride, boron, and uranium. Near-neutral samples (pH 6.5 to 7.5) had greater hardness and alkalinity concentrations than other samples with pH values outside this range. Calcium/bicarbonate waters were the predominant hydrochemical type for the sampled aquifers, with mixed water types for many samples, including variable contributions from calcium, magnesium, and sodium combined with bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, and nitrate.
Water from 45 wells had concentrations of methane greater than the 0.0002 milligrams per liter (mg/L) detection limit. One sample had the maximum value of 11 mg/L, which exceeds the Pennsylvania action level of 7 mg/L. Additionally, three other samples had concentrations of methane greater than 4 mg/L. Outgassing of such levels of methane from the water to air within a confined space can result in a potential hazard. The elevated concentrations of methane generally were associated with suboxic groundwater (dissolved oxygen less than 0.5 mg/L) that had near-neutral to alkaline pH with relatively elevated concentrations of iron, manganese, ammonia, lithium, fluoride, and boron. Other constituents, including barium, sodium, chloride, and bromide, commonly were elevated, but not limited to, those well-water samples with elevated methane. Low levels of ethane (as much as 1.2 mg/L) were present in eight samples with the highest methane concentrations. Five samples were analyzed for methane isotopes. The isotopic and hydrocarbon compositions in these five samples suggest the methane may be of microbial origin or a mixture of thermogenic and microbial gas, but differed from the compositions reported for mud-gas logging samples collected during drilling of gas wells.
The concentrations of sodium (median 8.2 mg/L), chloride (median 7.64 mg/L), and bromide (median 0.02 mg/L) for the 47 groundwater samples collected for this study ranged widely and were positively correlated with one another and with specific conductance and associated measures of ionic strength. Sixty percent of the Potter County well-water samples had chloride concentrations less than 10 mg/L. Samples with higher chloride concentrations had variable bromide concentrations and corresponding chloride/bromide ratios that are consistent with sources such as road-deicing salt and septic effluent (low bromide) or brine (high bromide). Brines are naturally present in deeper parts of the regional groundwater system and, in some cases, may be mobilized by gas drilling. It is also possible that valley wells were drilled close to or into the brine-freshwater interface, so brine signatures do not necessarily indicate contamination due to drilling. The chloride, bromide, and other constituents in road-deicing salt or brine solutions tend to be diluted by mixing with fresh groundwater in shallow aquifers used for water supply. Although 1 of 8 groundwater samples with the highest methane concentrations (greater than 0.2 mg/L) had concentrations of chloride and bromide with corresponding chloride/bromide ratios that indicated mixing with road-deicing salt, the other 7 of 8 samples with elevated methane had concentrations of chloride and bromide with corresponding chloride/bromide ratios that indicated mixing with a small amount of brine (0.02 percent or less) similar in composition to those reported for gas and oil well brines in Pennsylvania. In several eastern Pennsylvania counties where gas drilling is absent, groundwater with comparable chloride/bromide ratios and chloride concentrations have been reported. Approximately 50 percent of Potter County well-water samples, including two samples with the fourth (72.9 mg/L) and fifth (47.0 mg/L) highest chloride concentrations, have chloride/bromide ratios that indicate predominantly anthropogenic sources of chloride, such as road-deicing salt or septic effluent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the County of Potter","usgsCitation":"Galeone, D.G., Cravotta, C.A., III, and Risser, D.W., 2020, Groundwater quality in relation to drinking water health standards and hydrogeologic and geochemical characteristics for 47 domestic wells in\nPotter County, Pennsylvania, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5038, p.67, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205038.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 67 p.; 2 Appendixes, Data Release","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-111083","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5038/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":377854,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5038/sir20205038.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.77 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5038"},{"id":377855,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5038/sir20205038_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"30.3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Excel file"},{"id":377856,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5038/sir20205038_appendix3.csv","text":"Appendix 3","size":"9.00 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"linkHelpText":"- CSV file"},{"id":377857,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EBORD5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Compilation of wells sampled, physical characteristics of wells, links to water-quality data, and quality assurance and quality control data for domestic wells sampled by the U.S. Geological Survey in Potter County, Pennsylvania, April–September 2017"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Potter County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-77.7513,41.999],[-77.7031,41.9991],[-77.6884,41.9992],[-77.6096,41.9998],[-77.6077,41.9211],[-77.6076,41.9174],[-77.6076,41.9015],[-77.6063,41.8402],[-77.6057,41.8334],[-77.6056,41.8121],[-77.6056,41.8093],[-77.605,41.8007],[-77.605,41.7944],[-77.6043,41.7558],[-77.6043,41.7499],[-77.6043,41.7472],[-77.603,41.7186],[-77.603,41.6999],[-77.6017,41.6518],[-77.6017,41.6437],[-77.601,41.6128],[-77.601,41.5987],[-77.5997,41.5497],[-77.5991,41.5424],[-77.5991,41.5256],[-77.5991,41.5211],[-77.5984,41.5002],[-77.5978,41.4784],[-77.6155,41.4784],[-77.664,41.4784],[-77.6977,41.4779],[-77.6989,41.4779],[-77.7093,41.4778],[-77.7498,41.4778],[-77.7645,41.4777],[-77.7774,41.4772],[-77.8006,41.4772],[-77.8123,41.4772],[-77.8282,41.4767],[-77.8454,41.4766],[-77.8742,41.4761],[-77.903,41.476],[-77.922,41.4755],[-77.9514,41.4754],[-77.9796,41.4757],[-77.9876,41.4757],[-78.0513,41.4768],[-78.0643,41.4881],[-78.0773,41.5003],[-78.094,41.5157],[-78.0958,41.5175],[-78.0977,41.5193],[-78.1107,41.5315],[-78.1119,41.5328],[-78.1243,41.5437],[-78.1379,41.5568],[-78.1769,41.5933],[-78.1831,41.5992],[-78.1862,41.6019],[-78.1992,41.6136],[-78.2035,41.6177],[-78.2054,41.619],[-78.2048,41.625],[-78.2062,41.6967],[-78.2065,41.7875],[-78.2065,41.7925],[-78.2066,41.8029],[-78.2068,41.8197],[-78.2071,41.8479],[-78.2073,41.866],[-78.2067,41.8697],[-78.2068,41.881],[-78.2075,41.8865],[-78.2078,41.9196],[-78.2078,41.9786],[-78.2085,41.9859],[-78.2086,42],[-77.9943,41.999],[-77.9662,41.9988],[-77.8686,41.9989],[-77.7513,41.999]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Potter\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Coastal ecosystems in the eastern U.S. have been severely altered by human development, and climate change and other stressors are now further degrading the capacity of those ecological and social systems to remain resilient in the face of such disturbances. We sought to identify potential ways in which local conservation interests in the Lowcountry of South Carolina (USA) could participate in a social process of adaptation planning, and how that process might ultimately be broadened to engage a more diverse set of partners. We engaged participants through a combination of informal meetings, workshops, and other collaborative interactions to explore how the conservation community perceives and pursues its various missions, and how that community might confront the threats and opportunities in its future. Coproduction of knowledge and meaning were facilitated by collaborative scenario planning and strategic planning evaluation, which illuminated how the conservation community is integral to the broader governance of the region and highlighted how responses to forces of change are mediated through local culture, economics, and politics. We suggest an interpretation of conservation in which the fundamental objectives of both social and ecological systems might be prioritized in tandem, rather than narrowly focusing on environmental protection without consideration of the social landscape. Ultimately, adaptive capacity depends on the ability to act collectively, and social capital, trust, and organization greatly influence the capacity to act. Thus, we conclude that the presence of strong social networks, coordination and deliberation among diverse stakeholders, mechanisms for experiential feedback, and emphasis on social learning are key elements needed to build adaptive capacity. Central to the evolving perspective of governance of the commons is recognition that social and ecological systems are coupled; the issues and problems of one cannot be addressed without considering the consequences for the other. Moreover, a dominant theme emerging from our research and that of other scholars is the importance of culture and place attachment, which generates social cohesion and facilitates problem solving. These ideas have important implications for when, where, and how stakeholders are engaged to address the rapid changes being experienced by social-ecological systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Resilience Alliance","doi":"10.5751/ES-11700-250309","usgsCitation":"Johnson, F.A., Eaton, M.J., Mikels-Carrasco, J., and Case, D.J., 2020, Building adaptive capacity in a coastal region experiencing global change: Ecology & Society, v. 25, no. 3, 9, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-11700-250309.","productDescription":"9, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-101245","costCenters":[{"id":40926,"text":"Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/es-11700-250309","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.585205078125,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -79.07409667968749,\n 34.298068350990825\n ],\n [\n -79.3048095703125,\n 33.988918483762156\n ],\n [\n -79.2169189453125,\n 33.710632271492095\n ],\n [\n -79.40917968749999,\n 33.916013113401696\n ],\n [\n -79.991455078125,\n 33.99802726234877\n ],\n [\n -81.23291015625,\n 32.861132322810946\n ],\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 32.63012300670739\n ],\n [\n -81.1724853515625,\n 32.44024912337551\n ],\n [\n -81.1285400390625,\n 32.17096283641326\n ],\n [\n -80.9307861328125,\n 31.956823015897207\n ],\n [\n -80.88134765625,\n 31.942839972853083\n ],\n [\n -80.299072265625,\n 32.36140331527543\n ],\n [\n -79.3212890625,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -79.134521484375,\n 33.17893926058104\n ],\n [\n -79.0081787109375,\n 33.53681606773302\n ],\n [\n -78.585205078125,\n 33.87953701355924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, Mitchell J. 0000-0001-7324-6333 meaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-6333","contributorId":169429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Mitchell","email":"meaton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mikels-Carrasco, Jessica","contributorId":245520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mikels-Carrasco","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49215,"text":"D.J. Case & Assoc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, David J.","contributorId":140653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Case","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13543,"text":"DJ Case & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70212719,"text":"ofr20201072 - 2020 - Cottonwoods, water, and people-Integrating analysis of tree rings with observations of elders from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T23:30:54.314533","indexId":"ofr20201072","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-31T12:55:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1072","displayTitle":"Cottonwoods, Water, and People—Integrating Analysis of Tree Rings with Observations of Elders from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming","title":"Cottonwoods, water, and people-Integrating analysis of tree rings with observations of elders from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming","docAbstract":"We assessed the history of flow and riparian ecosystem change along the Wind River using cottonwood tree-ring data, streamgage records, historical temperature and precipitation data, drought indices, and local observations and Traditional Ecological Knowledge from elders of the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming. This assessment identified impacts that have occurred to riparian resources of concern to the Tribes, which will assist in prioritizing drought planning efforts. Impacts included reduced abundance, reduced regeneration, and increased mortality in cottonwoods (Populus deltoides and P. angustifolia); an increase in invasive species, especially Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), that are gradually replacing cottonwoods and other native woody plants; decreased abundance of native and culturally important plants; reduced abundance of culturally important fish; reduced volume and changes to the timing of flows; and changes in river course. This assessment documented the biophysical and social factors that have contributed to riparian ecosystem change and to reduced water availability and flows, including agricultural diversion, drought, and fire. Cottonwoods along the Wind River are as much as 300 years old. By relating tree-ring width to recorded streamflows, we were able to reconstruct streamflows confidently back to the 1850s and speculatively back to the mid-1700s. Extending the historical record of streamflows allows for a more-complete understanding of hydroclimatic variability and provides a foundation for developing preparedness and response strategies for drought management. Ring width of cottonwood trees at the Boysen Site was more strongly correlated to river flow than to local precipitation or temperature, indicating that growth of trees is controlled more by montane snowmelt than by local weather. Therefore, tree rings are a better indicator of water supply than of the local conditions controlling water demand. The extended flow record from tree rings revealed the occurrence of a major period of low flow from 1870 to 1910 that was not evident in the shorter instrumental records of flow and weather. Information from tree rings, streamflow measurements, drought indices, and elder observations all suggest that the early 2000s drought was the most severe, sustained drought in the last century. Our results illustrate how drought is experienced in different ways across locations and sectors, which underscores the importance of using multiple indicators for drought management. These results will contribute to ongoing assessment, monitoring, and planning efforts at the Wind River Reservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201072","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Eastern Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, the Northern Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, and Colorado State University","usgsCitation":"McNeeley, S.M., Friedman, J.M., Beeton, T.A., and Thaxton, R.D., 2020, Cottonwoods, water, and people—Integrating analysis of tree rings with observations of elders from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1072, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201072.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 33 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-113563","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378034,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9S1UIAL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tree-Ring Data Collected in 2017 and 2018 From Cottonwood Trees Along the Wind River in Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming"},{"id":377898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1072/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":377899,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1072/ofr20201072.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Wind River Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.44442749023438,\n 42.83569550641452\n ],\n [\n -108.160400390625,\n 42.83569550641452\n ],\n [\n -108.160400390625,\n 43.54456658436357\n ],\n [\n -109.44442749023438,\n 43.54456658436357\n ],\n [\n -109.44442749023438,\n 42.83569550641452\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg. C
Fort Collins, CO 80526
The Mesoproterozoic Midcontinent Rift System (MRS) of North America hosts a diverse suite of magmatic and hydrothermal mineral deposits in the Lake Superior region where rift rocks are exposed at or near the surface. Historically, hydrothermal deposits, such as Michigan’s native copper deposits and the White Pine sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposit, were major MRS metal producers. On-going exploration for and potential development of copper-nickel sulfide deposits hosted by the Duluth Complex of Minnesota and the opening of the Eagle nickel mine in Michigan indicate an expanding interest in MRS magmatic deposits. MRS hydrothermal and magmatic mineral deposits, many of which are significant past, present, and likely future providers of critical minerals, here are placed into a space and time metallogenic framework. To construct this framework, regional MRS mineral deposits extracted from the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS) and the Ontario Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines Mineral Deposit Inventory (MDI) were supplemented by other known and recently recognized mineral deposits described in the literature. All mineral deposits were classified by deposit type, host rock age and type, and estimated timing of mineralization. Deposits were then put into a tectonic evolutionary framework (stages) for the MRS, which shows that deposits formed within discrete spatial and temporal stages of rift evolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103716","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Schulz, K.J., Nicholson, S.W., and Dicken, C.L., 2020, Mineral deposits of the Mesoproterozoic Midcontinent Rift system in the Lake Superior region – A space and time classification: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 126, 103716, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103716.","productDescription":"103716, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113870","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.77134272564261,\n 38.8483191350162\n ],\n [\n -83.3091592101386,\n 38.8483191350162\n ],\n [\n -83.3091592101386,\n 49.57101080820971\n ],\n [\n -98.77134272564261,\n 49.57101080820971\n ],\n [\n -98.77134272564261,\n 38.8483191350162\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicholson, Suzanne W. 0000-0002-9365-1894 swnich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-1894","contributorId":880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Suzanne","email":"swnich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":862910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dicken, Connie L. 0000-0002-1617-8132 cdicken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1617-8132","contributorId":57098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dicken","given":"Connie","email":"cdicken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}