With the exception of PAHs and trace metals, which were detected at 100% of the sites, all of the other contaminants were detected at varying frequencies. PBBs, Mirex and Endosulfans were not detected in any of the samples and Chlorpyrifos was only detected in five samples across four sites. Chlordanes were present at 79% of the sites while Butyltins were only detected at 20% of the sites. Overall, the majority of the concentrations can be considered to be at background levels when compared to the long-term NOAA National Status and Trends (NS&T) monitoring data for blue mussels nationwide. The relatively high concentrations of cadmium, copper, and nickel in comparison to the NS&T national groups could be a combination of natural inputs and anthropogenic sources. The natural exposure and weathering of rocks in southern Alaska can contribute to elevated background concentrations of these metals. Sample concentrations, compositions and/or trends for Total DDT, Total Dieldrins and Total HCHs suggest that these contaminants are no longer bioaccumulating at detectable levels. Total Butyltin concentrations were low compared to the NS&T national concentrations, but the presence of tributyltin (TBT) in recent years at Sitka Visitor's Center (SITK) and Skagway Harbor (SKWY) indicates that fresh sources of Butyltin are still entering these environments, probably through vessel traffic at these sites. The PAH profiles and higher concentrations at SITK, SKWY and Nahku Bay East Side (NBES) suggest that these sites are receiving anthropogenic sources of PAH contamination.
The results included in this report help to provide a greater understanding of general background contamination in NPS SWAN and SEAN parks, as well as other monitoring sites, including range, trends and variability. Future monitoring should aim to continue analyzing the temporal trends of these contaminants on a regional scale through periodic sampling as well as focusing on areas of interest that could shed further insight on range and variation (see supplemental material).
","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA","doi":"10.25923/dbyq-7z17","usgsCitation":"Rider, M., Apeti, D., Jacob, A., Kimbrough, K.L., Davenport, E., Bower, M.R., Colletti, H.A., and Esler, D., 2020, A synthesis of ten years of chemical contaminant monitoring data in National Park Service - Southeast and southwest Alaska networks: NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS/MCCOS 277, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.25923/dbyq-7z17.","productDescription":"102 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119449","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -131.2646484375,\n 56.31653672211301\n ],\n [\n -135.5712890625,\n 59.734253447591364\n ],\n [\n -140.537109375,\n 60.673178565817715\n ],\n [\n -141.1962890625,\n 64.66151739623564\n ],\n [\n -144.8876953125,\n 65.31182925383723\n ],\n [\n -160.0927734375,\n 64.14895190024562\n ],\n [\n -166.4208984375,\n 61.60639637138628\n ],\n [\n -161.9384765625,\n 59.0405546167585\n ],\n [\n -157.5,\n 58.60833366077633\n ],\n [\n -164.13574218749997,\n 54.97761367069628\n ],\n [\n -152.75390624999997,\n 57.088515327886505\n ],\n [\n -149.2822265625,\n 59.734253447591364\n ],\n [\n -145.7666015625,\n 60.06484046010452\n ],\n [\n -136.494140625,\n 57.326521225217064\n ],\n [\n -132.8466796875,\n 55.10351605801967\n ],\n [\n -131.2646484375,\n 56.31653672211301\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rider, Mary","contributorId":245991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rider","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Apeti, Dennis","contributorId":245992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Apeti","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacob, Annie","contributorId":245993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacob","given":"Annie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kimbrough, Kimani L.","contributorId":139223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimbrough","given":"Kimani","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davenport, Erik","contributorId":245994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davenport","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bower, Michael R.","contributorId":198632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bower","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Colletti, Heather A","contributorId":199047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colletti","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":807464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70220672,"text":"70220672 - 2020 - Pulsed Mesozoic deformation in the Cordilleran hinterland and evolution of the Nevadaplano: Insights from the Pequop Mountains, NE Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-25T13:00:03.956533","indexId":"70220672","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-29T07:54:15","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pulsed Mesozoic deformation in the Cordilleran hinterland and evolution of the Nevadaplano: Insights from the Pequop Mountains, NE Nevada","docAbstract":"Mesozoic crustal shortening in the North American Cordillera’s hinterland was related to the construction of the Nevadaplano orogenic plateau. Petrologic and geochemical proxies in Cordilleran core complexes suggest substantial Late Cretaceous crustal thickening during plateau construction. In eastern Nevada, geobarometry from the Snake Range and Ruby Mountains-East Humboldt Range-Wood Hills-Pequop Mountains (REWP) core complexes suggests that the ~10–12 km thick Neoproterozoic-Triassic passive-margin sequence was buried to great depths (>30 km) during Mesozoic shortening and was later exhumed to the surface via high-magnitude Cenozoic extension. Deep regional burial is commonly reconciled with structural models involving cryptic thrust sheets, such as the hypothesized Windermere thrust in the REWP. We test the viability of deep thrust burial by examining the least-deformed part of the REWP in the Pequop Mountains. Observations include a compilation of new and published peak temperature estimates (
The
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020EO147385","usgsCitation":"Bender, A., Lease, R.O., Jones, J.V., and Kreiner, D.C., 2020, Ancient rivers and critical minerals in eastern Alaska: Eos, American Geophysical Union, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EO147385.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-120232","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020eo147385","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":408082,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.390625,\n 62.226996036319726\n ],\n [\n -141.240234375,\n 62.226996036319726\n ],\n [\n -141.240234375,\n 68.64055504059381\n ],\n [\n -155.390625,\n 68.64055504059381\n ],\n [\n -155.390625,\n 62.226996036319726\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, Adrian 0000-0001-7469-1957","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-1957","contributorId":219952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lease, Richard O. 0000-0003-2582-8966 rlease@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-8966","contributorId":5098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lease","given":"Richard","email":"rlease@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, James V. III 0000-0002-6602-5935 jvjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-5935","contributorId":201245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jvjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kreiner, Douglas C. 0000-0002-4405-1403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4405-1403","contributorId":220474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreiner","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228377,"text":"70228377 - 2020 - Complex patterns of genetic and morphological differentiation in the Smallmouth Bass subspecies (Micropterus dolomieu dolomieu and M. d. velox) of the Central Interior Highlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T16:41:59.820113","indexId":"70228377","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-28T10:31:30","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Complex patterns of genetic and morphological differentiation in the Smallmouth Bass subspecies (Micropterus dolomieu dolomieu and M. d. velox) of the Central Interior Highlands","title":"Complex patterns of genetic and morphological differentiation in the Smallmouth Bass subspecies (Micropterus dolomieu dolomieu and M. d. velox) of the Central Interior Highlands","docAbstract":"Due to geologic processes and recent anthropogenic introductions, patterns of genetic and morphological diversity within the Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu), which are endemic to the central and eastern United States (USA), are poorly understood. We assessed genetic and morphological differentiation between the widespread Northern Smallmouth Bass (M. d. dolomieu) and the more restricted Neosho Smallmouth Bass (M. d. velox) where their ranges meet in the Central Interior Highlands ecoregion (CIH). Data from 14 microsatellite loci were used to conduct STRUCTURE and principal components analyses to evaluate diversity across populations and screen for hybridization with sympatric Spotted Bass (M. punctulatus). We also tested for morphological differences using five morphometric traits and one meristic trait. We found support for three genetic clusters corresponding to previously described taxonomic variation; five clusters largely corresponding to river systems; and nine clusters representing hierarchical population structure within both ranges. We found evidence of a unique genetic cluster in tributaries of the White River within the Northern Smallmouth Bass range and admixture between the subspecies throughout the Neosho range. We also found evidence of morphological differentiation between subspecies; Neosho Smallmouth Bass exhibited larger head length than Northern Smallmouth Bass relative to total length, and there was a significant interaction of subspecies and orbital length, possibly indicating differential growth patterns between subspecies. Our results reveal multiple levels of divergence, suggesting the CIH harbors greater and more complex Smallmouth Bass diversity than previously thought.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-020-01295-1","usgsCitation":"Gunn, J.C., Berkman, L.K., Koppelman, J.K., Taylor, A.T., Brewer, S.K., Long, J.M., and Eggert, L.S., 2020, Complex patterns of genetic and morphological differentiation in the Smallmouth Bass subspecies (Micropterus dolomieu dolomieu and M. d. velox) of the Central Interior Highlands: Conservation Genetics, v. 21, p. 891-904, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01295-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"891","endPage":"904","ipdsId":"IP-111223","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.7890625,\n 33.99802726234877\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 33.99802726234877\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -98.7890625,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -98.7890625,\n 33.99802726234877\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunn, Joe C.","contributorId":275348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunn","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berkman, Leah K.","contributorId":275349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berkman","given":"Leah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koppelman, Jeff K.","contributorId":275350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koppelman","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, A. T.","contributorId":275351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eggert, Lori S.","contributorId":106325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eggert","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13259,"text":"USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70227091,"text":"70227091 - 2020 - Hypogeous, sequestrate fungi (genus Elaphomyces) found at small-mammal foraging sites in high-elevation conifer forests of West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T15:11:29.100926","indexId":"70227091","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-28T08:54:26","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Hypogeous, sequestrate fungi (genus Elaphomyces) found at small-mammal foraging sites in high-elevation conifer forests of West Virginia","title":"Hypogeous, sequestrate fungi (genus Elaphomyces) found at small-mammal foraging sites in high-elevation conifer forests of West Virginia","docAbstract":"Little is known about hypogeous, sequestrate (i.e., truffles) fungi in the eastern United States. Since the fruiting bodies of these fungi are part of the diet of multiple rodent species, filling data gaps is important to understanding more about truffle species distribution and habitat associations. During a microhabitat study on radio-collared Virginia Northern Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus Miller) in 2013, we opportunistically sampled truffles at small mammal digs and scratches within our microhabitat plots. All sampling was conducted within known squirrel foraging home ranges. We found three Elaphomyces species: Elaphomyces macrosporus Castellano and Elliott, E. verruculosus Castellano, and E. americanum Castellano. Our observations of E. macroporus are the first from West Virginia. Herein, we describe the microhabitat associations for each fungal species. We suggest using small mammal digs and scratches as potential indicators to opportunistically gather more information on truffle species in coniferous forests of the eastern United States.","language":"English","publisher":"Humboldt Field Research Institute","doi":"10.1656/045.027.0305","usgsCitation":"Diggins, C., Castellano, M., and Ford, W., 2020, Hypogeous, sequestrate fungi (genus Elaphomyces) found at small-mammal foraging sites in high-elevation conifer forests of West Virginia: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 27, no. 3, p. N40-N47, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.027.0305.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"N40","endPage":"N47","ipdsId":"IP-117955","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102440","text":"External Repository"},{"id":393584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Pocahontas County, Randolph County, Webster County","otherGeospatial":"Kumbrabow State Forest, Monogahela National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.54901123046875,\n 38.16209595668554\n ],\n [\n -79.92828369140625,\n 38.16209595668554\n ],\n [\n -79.92828369140625,\n 38.52668162061619\n ],\n [\n -80.54901123046875,\n 38.52668162061619\n ],\n [\n -80.54901123046875,\n 38.16209595668554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Richardson, David ","contributorId":223903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"David ","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829651,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Diggins, Corinne A.","contributorId":270604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diggins","given":"Corinne A.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castellano, Michael A.","contributorId":270606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castellano","given":"Michael A.","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":829608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209000,"text":"sir20205022 - 2020 - Groundwater quality in relation to drinking water health standards and geochemical characteristics for 54 domestic wells in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-27T15:15:44.798988","indexId":"sir20205022","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-27T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5022","displayTitle":"Groundwater Quality in Relation to Drinking Water Health Standards and Geochemical Characteristics for 54 Domestic Wells in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, 2017","title":"Groundwater quality in relation to drinking water health standards and geochemical characteristics for 54 domestic wells in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, 2017","docAbstract":"Despite the reliance on groundwater by approximately 2.4 million rural Pennsylvania residents, publicly available data to characterize the quality of private well water are limited. As part of a regional effort to characterize groundwater in rural areas of Pennsylvania, samples from 54 domestic wells in Clinton County were collected and analyzed in 2017. The samples were evaluated for a wide range of constituents and compared to drinking-water health standards and geochemical characteristics. The sampled wells were completed to depths ranging from 46 to 500 feet in bedrock that was of predominantly sandstone, shale, or carbonate lithology. Results of this study show that the sampled groundwater quality in Clinton County generally met most drinking-water standards that apply to public water supplies. However, a percentage of samples exceeded drinking-water maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for total coliform bacteria (57.4 percent), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (25.9 percent), nitrate (1.9 percent), and arsenic (1.9 percent); and secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs) for pH (31.5 percent), manganese (29.6 percent), iron (13 percent), total dissolved solids (7.4 percent), aluminum (1.9 percent), and chloride (1.9 percent). Sodium concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water advisory recommendation in 16.7 percent of the samples. Radon-222 activities exceeded the proposed drinking-water standard of 300 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) in 59.3 percent of the samples. The only volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected were acetone and methyl ethyl ketone in two separate samples; neither constituent exceeded drinking-water standards.
Higher median nitrate concentrations were found in the carbonate (3.26 milligrams per liter [mg/L]) versus shale (less than 0.04 mg/L) and sandstone (0.27 mg/L) aquifer subsets. Most of the elevated nitrate concentrations were associated with E. coli detections in the carbonate aquifers, where transmissive bedrock can facilitate groundwater contamination by human activities at the land surface.
The median pH of groundwater from the sandstone aquifers (6.53) was less than those for the shale aquifers (7.31) and carbonate aquifers (7.43). Generally, the lower pH samples had greater potential for elevated concentrations of dissolved metals, including beryllium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, whereas the higher pH samples had greater potential for elevated concentrations of total dissolved solids, sodium, fluoride, boron, and uranium. Near-neutral samples (pH 6.5 to 7.5) had greater hardness and alkalinity concentrations than other samples with pH outside this range. Many samples from the shale or sandstone aquifers, particularly those with pH less than 6.5, were identified as having serious potential corrosivity based on the combination of the calcite saturation index and the chloride to sulfate mass ratio; however, none of the samples from the carbonate aquifers was identified as seriously corrosive.
Groundwater from 3.7 percent of the wells had concentrations of methane greater than the Pennsylvania action level of 7 mg/L, and 48 of the 54 wells (88.9 percent) had detectable concentrations of methane greater than the 0.0002 mg/L detection limit. Greater methane concentrations were found more frequently in groundwater sampled from the shale aquifers than the carbonate or sandstone aquifers in the study area. Most of the samples containing elevated methane (greater than 0.2 mg/L) were located outside the area of the Appalachian Plateaus. The elevated concentrations of methane generally were associated with suboxic groundwater (dissolved oxygen less than 0.5 mg/L) that had near-neutral to alkaline pH and were correlated with concentrations of iron, manganese, ammonia, sodium, lithium, barium, fluoride, and boron. The stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of methane in two of four samples analyzed for isotopes were consistent with compositions reported for mud-gas logging samples from gas-bearing geologic units (thermogenic gas) in the Appalachian Plateaus region, whereas two others were consistent with methane of microbial origin or a mixture of microbial and thermogenic gas.
Forty-two percent of samples had chloride concentrations greater than 20 mg/L with variable bromide concentrations. Corresponding chloride/bromide ratios are consistent with low-bromide sources such as road-deicing salt and septic effluent or animal waste, or, in a few cases, high-bromide brine. Brines characterized by relatively high bromide are naturally present in deeper parts of the regional groundwater system and, in some cases, may be mobilized by gas drilling. The chloride, bromide, and other constituents in road-deicing salt or brine solutions tend to be diluted by mixing with fresh groundwater in shallow aquifers used for water supply. One of the four groundwater samples with methane concentrations greater than 4 mg/L had chloride and bromide concentrations and a chloride/bromide ratio that indicates mixing with a salinity source such as road-deicing salt, whereas the chloride and bromide concentrations and ratios for the other three high-methane samples indicate mixing with a small amount of brine (0.03 percent or less). In two other eastern Pennsylvania county studies where gas drilling is absent, groundwater with comparable chloride/bromide ratios, bromide, and chloride concentrations plus other element associations have been reported. Additional sampling and analysis, such as isotopic analysis of the dissolved gas, fracture analysis, and more detailed evaluation of surrounding land uses, may be warranted to better understand the origin of the methane and brine constituents in groundwater at specific locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205022","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Clinton County Commissioners","usgsCitation":"Clune, J.W., and Cravotta, C.A., III, 2020, Groundwater quality in relation to drinking water health standards and geochemical characteristics for 54 domestic wells in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, 2017 (ver 1.1, July 2020): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5022, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205022.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 72 p.; Data Release; Appendix","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-109062","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376698,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5022/sir20205022_appendix3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"130 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1.1: July 2020; Version 1.0: May 2020","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Information garnered from the capture and handling of free-ranging animals helps advance understanding of wildlife ecology and can aid in decisions on wildlife management. Unfortunately, animals may experience increased levels of stress, injuries, and death resulting from captures (e.g., exertional myopathy, trauma). Partial sedation is a technique proposed to alleviate stress in animals during capture, yet efficacy of partial sedation for reducing stress and promoting survival post-capture remains unclear. We evaluated the effects of partial sedation on physiological, biochemical, and behavioral indicators of acute stress and probability of survival post-capture for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) that were captured via helicopter net-gunning in the eastern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Wyoming, USA. We administered 10–30 mg of midazolam and 15 mg of azaperone intramuscularly (IM) to 32 mule deer in 2016 and 53 mule deer in 2017, and maintained a control group (captured but not sedated) of 38 mule deer in 2016 and 54 mule deer in 2017. To evaluate indicators of acute stress, we measured heart rate, blood-oxygen saturation, body temperature, respiration rate, and levels of serum cortisol. We recorded number of kicks and vocalizations of deer during handling and evaluated behavior during release. We also measured levels of fecal glucocorticoids as an indicator of baseline stress. Midazolam and azaperone did not reduce physiological, biochemical, or behavioral indicators of acute stress or influence probability of survival post-capture. Mule deer that were administered midazolam and azaperone, however, were more likely to hesitate, stumble or fall, and walk during release compared with individuals in the control group, which were more likely to trot, stot, or run without stumbling or falling. Our findings suggest that midazolam (10–30 mg IM) and azaperone (15 mg IM) may not yield physiological or demographic benefits for captured mule deer as previously assumed and may pose adverse effects that can complicate safety for captured animals, including drug-induced lethargy. Although we failed to find efficacy of midazolam and azaperone as a method for reducing stress in captured mule deer, the efficacy of midazolam and azaperone or other combinations of partial sedatives in reducing stress may depend on the dose of tranquilizer, study animal, capture setting, and how stress is defined.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21929","usgsCitation":"Ortega, A.C., Dwinnell, S., Lasharr, T.N., Jakopak, R., Denryter, K., Huggler, K.S., Hayes, M.M., Aikens, E., Verzuh, T.L., May, A.B., Kauffman, M., and Monteith, K., 2020, Effectiveness of partial sedation to reduce stress in captured mule deer: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 84, no. 8, p. 1445-1456, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21929.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1445","endPage":"1456","ipdsId":"IP-119840","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Cody, Dubois, Lander, Meeteetse","otherGeospatial":"eastern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.9951171875,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -108.1988525390625,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -108.1988525390625,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -109.9951171875,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -109.9951171875,\n 42.68243539838623\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortega, Anna C.","contributorId":280169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ortega","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwinnell, Samantha P.","contributorId":280147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dwinnell","given":"Samantha P.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lasharr, Tayler N.","contributorId":280148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lasharr","given":"Tayler","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jakopak, Rhiannon P.","contributorId":280150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakopak","given":"Rhiannon P.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Denryter, Kristin","contributorId":280152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denryter","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huggler, Katey S.","contributorId":280155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huggler","given":"Katey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hayes, Matthew M.","contributorId":280158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aikens, Ellen O.","contributorId":280161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aikens","given":"Ellen O.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Verzuh, Tana L","contributorId":280170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verzuh","given":"Tana","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"May, Alexander B.","contributorId":280164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"May","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0127-3900","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-3900","contributorId":202921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Monteith, Kevin L.","contributorId":280167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monteith","given":"Kevin L.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70211348,"text":"70211348 - 2020 - Evidence of previous faulting along the 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake ruptures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-26T19:26:41.428295","indexId":"70211348","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-21T11:43:24","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of previous faulting along the 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake ruptures","docAbstract":"The July 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence in southeastern California was characterized as surprising because only ~35% of the rupture occurred on previously mapped faults. Employing more detailed inspection of pre-event high-resolution topography and imagery in combination with field observations, we document evidence of active faulting in the landscape along the entire fault system. Scarps, deflected drainages, and lineaments and contrasts in topography, vegetation, and ground color demonstrate previous slip on a dense network of orthogonal faults, consistent with patterns of surface rupture observed in 2019. Not all of these newly mapped fault strands ruptured in 2019. Outcrop-scale field observations additionally reveal tufa lineaments and sheared Quaternary deposits. Neotectonic features are commonly short (<2 km), discontinuous, and display en echelon patterns along both the M 6.4 and M 7.1 ruptures. These features are generally more prominent and better preserved outside the late Pleistocene lake basins. Fault expression may also be related to deformation style: scarps and topographic lineaments are more prevalent in areas where substantial vertical motion occurred in 2019. Where strike-slip displacement dominated in 2019, the faults are mainly expressed by less prominent tonal and vegetation features. Both the NE- and NW-trending active fault systems are subparallel to regional bedrock fabrics that were established as early as ~150 Ma, and may be reactivating these older structures. Overall, we estimate that 50-70% (i.e., an additional 15-35%) of the 2019 surface ruptures could have been recognized as active faults with detailed inspection of pre-event data. Similar detailed mapping of potential neotectonic features could help improve seismic hazard analyses in other regions of eastern California and elsewhere that have distributed faulting or incompletely mapped faults. In areas where faults cannot be resolved as single thoroughgoing structures, a zone of potential faulting should be used as a hazard model input.
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dbeard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-2350","contributorId":169459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"dbeard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Funge-Smith, Simon 0000-0001-9974-5333","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9974-5333","contributorId":245642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funge-Smith","given":"Simon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32888,"text":"Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70211361,"text":"70211361 - 2020 - Characterization of the unconventional Tuscaloosa marine shale reservoir in southwestern Mississippi, USA: Insights from optical and SEM petrography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-28T17:54:08.531487","indexId":"70211361","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-18T12:29:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the unconventional Tuscaloosa marine shale reservoir in southwestern Mississippi, USA: Insights from optical and SEM petrography","docAbstract":"This study presents new optical petrography and electron microscopy data, interpreted in the context of previously published petrophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data, to further characterize the Tuscaloosa marine shale (TMS) as an unconventional reservoir in southwestern Mississippi. The basal high resistivity zone has a higher proportion of Type II sedimentary organic matter than the overlying TMS, indicating it is more prone to oil generation. Optical petrography and electron microscopy reveal a heterogeneous clay matrix with ubiquitous pyrite grains, quartz, feldspar, glaucony, foraminifera, shell fragments, and rarer occurrences of apatite and crinoid fragments as well as liptinite, alginite, inertinite, and vitrinite. Our petrographic observations suggest that higher abundances of detrital quartz grains coupled with minimal authigenic cements result in higher porosity and permeability. However, the TMS is also more clay-rich than other unconventional shale oil and gas plays, which can impair the effectiveness of hydraulic fracture stimulation. Thin section observations reveal alternating clay and calcium carbonate laminae that are interpreted to reflect changes in sediment flux. Planktonic foraminifera indicate an overlying oxygenated water column while benthic inoceramid fragments and pervasive authigenic pyrite suggest anoxic or dysoxic bottom water conditions. Apatite fragments in thin section suggest mixing events and an influx of nutrient-rich sediments. Overall, these observations suggest that a variety of paleodepositional environments occurred in the TMS and the lithofacies diversity resulting from these small-scale depositional cycles makes it difficult to determinatively identify areas conducive to enhanced economic hydrocarbon recovery.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104580","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Lohr, C., Valentine, B.J., Hackley, P.C., and Dulong, F.T., 2020, Characterization of the unconventional Tuscaloosa marine shale reservoir in southwestern Mississippi, USA: Insights from optical and SEM petrography: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 121, 104580, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104580.","productDescription":"104580, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112257","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104580","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi, Lousianna","otherGeospatial":"Southwestern Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 30.012030680358613\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"121","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dulong, Frank T. 0000-0001-7388-647X fdulong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-647X","contributorId":650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"Frank","email":"fdulong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70227084,"text":"70227084 - 2020 - Bot fly parasitism of Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) in Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T15:11:37.712404","indexId":"70227084","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-16T09:05:30","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5153,"text":"The American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bot fly parasitism of Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) in Virginia","docAbstract":"The Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) is a species of high conservation concern and relatively well-studied with respect to habitat use/associations, food habits, conservation genetics, and population trends. However, with the exception of raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) occurrence and etiology in woodrats, most disease and parasite ecology aspects for the woodrat are unknown. Herein, we examined the prevalence of bot flies (Cuterebra) over nearly three decades of woodrat surveys (1990–2018) in the central Appalachian Mountains of western Virginia. We use genetic analyses to identify recent bot fly specimen collections from a woodrat captured in 2017. Though highly variable from year to year, the overall prevalence of parasitism was low (typically < 4% of captures). As such, bot flies do not appear to be a widespread parasitic burden to Allegheny woodrats in Virginia. Genetic analysis of four collected bot fly larvae was inconclusive, as the genetic signature of these woodrat bots did not match any of the six bot species known to parasitize rodents and lagomorphs in the eastern United States. Further collections and genetic analyses will be needed to determine if the genetic database is incomplete or incorrect, or if our find is a new species of bot fly not yet taxonomically recognized.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is revising the Chesapeake Bay-based science plan to align it with recent U.S. Department of Interior and USGS science priorities that include, as stated in the plan, providing “an integrated understanding of the factors affecting fish habitat, fish health, and landscape conditions” in Chesapeake Bay and its watershed. A report of partner agencies’ needs and priorities related to aquatic invasive species (AIS) science was identified as an informational gap; a report would help to further development of the science program related to aquatic animal health and habitat. This objective was addressed through review of pertinent documentation and conversations with representatives of State, Federal, and regional agencies with vested interests in AIS management in Chesapeake Bay and the Chesapeake Bay drainage area, and this document was produced to summarize the related findings.
All agencies and organizations (13) reported that AIS are of general concern, with most stakeholder groups reporting AIS-related issues to be of high priority, including invasive fishes and invertebrates, invasive plants, and microbes including aquatic animal pathogens.
Science needs that were recurrently indicated by stakeholders to support management of invasive species include
Potential next steps to address the science needs include
Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
Species introductions provide opportunities to quantify rates and patterns of evolutionary change in response to novel environments. Alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) are native to the East Coast of North America where they ascend coastal rivers to spawn in lakes and then return to the ocean. Some populations have become landlocked within the last 350 years and diverged phenotypically from their ancestral marine population. More recently, alewives were introduced to the Laurentian Great Lakes (~150 years ago), but these populations have not been compared to East Coast anadromous and landlocked populations. We quantified 95 years of evolution in foraging traits and overall body shape of Great Lakes alewives and compared patterns of phenotypic evolution of Great Lakes alewives to East Coast anadromous and landlocked populations. Our results suggest that gill raker spacing in Great Lakes alewives has evolved in a dynamic pattern that is consistent with responses to strong but intermittent eco‐evolutionary feedbacks with zooplankton size. Following their initial colonization of Lakes Ontario and Michigan, dense alewife populations likely depleted large‐bodied zooplankton, which drove a decrease in alewife gill raker spacing. However, the introduction of large, non‐native zooplankton to the Great Lakes in later decades resulted in an increase in gill raker spacing, and present‐day Great Lakes alewives have gill raker spacing patterns that are similar to the ancestral East Coast anadromous population. Conversely, contemporary Great Lakes alewife populations possess a gape width consistent with East Coast landlocked populations. Body shape showed remarkable parallel evolution with East Coast landlocked populations, likely due to a shared response to the loss of long‐distance movement or migrations. Our results suggest the colonization of a new environment and cessation of migration can result in rapid parallel evolution in some traits, but contingency also plays a role, and a dynamic ecosystem can also yield novel trait combinations.
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effects of fire on eastern box turtles","docAbstract":"Prescribed fire is an increasingly important management tool for eastern deciduous forests, but relativity little is known about the direct effects of fire on the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina). We used very high frequency (VHF) transmitters to monitor mortality, movement, and spatial ecology of 118 box turtles in response to 17 prescribed fires across 4 seasons and 3 sites in east Tennessee, USA, during 2016–2018. Annual survival of box turtles that experienced a prescribed fire event was lower (0.87 ± 0.04 [SE]) than turtles that did not (0.98 ± 0.01) and was negatively correlated with fire intensity, fire temperature the turtle experienced, and litter depth. All prescribed fire‐related mortalities occurred during the early (Apr–May, n = 5) or late growing season (Sep–Oct, n = 1). Fourteen percent of box turtles we captured exhibited damage to their carapace from previous fire events. Box turtles that survived prescribed fires were in microsites that did not burn, moved to unburned areas during the fire, or burrowed following ignition. Home range size was similar before and after burns and sinuosity of movements did not differ in burned or unburned areas. Our results indicate that though box turtles are susceptible to prescribed fire during their active season, they have behavioral and physical traits that reduce the direct effects of prescribed fire. Prescribed fire practitioners should be aware of the risks of fire, particularly during the active season. We suggest managers consider altering prescribed fire intensity, seasonality, and firing pattern to minimize risk of direct effects where box turtles are of concern.
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Despite the well-known value of insect pollinators to U.S. agriculture, Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758; honey bees) and wild bees currently face numerous stressors that have resulted in declining health. These declines have engendered support for pollinator conservation efforts across all levels of government, private businesses, and nongovernmental organizations. In 2014, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S. Geological Survey initiated an interagency agreement to evaluate honey bee forage across multiple States in the northern Great Plains and upper Midwest. The long-term goal of this study was to provide an empirical evaluation of floral resources used by honey bees, and the relative contribution of multiple land covers and USDA conservation programs to bee health and productivity. Our multi-State analysis of land-use change from 2006 to 2016 revealed loss of grassland and increases in corn and soybean area in North and South Dakota, representing a significant loss of bee-friendly land covers in areas that support the highest density of summer bee yards in the entire United States. Our landscape models demonstrate the importance of the Conservation Reserve Program in providing safe locations for beekeepers to keep honey bees during the summer and highlights how land use in the northern Great Plains has a lasting effect on the health of honey bee colonies during almond pollination the subsequent spring. Our multiseason, multi-State genetic analysis of honey bee-collected pollen revealed Melilotus spp., Asteraceae, Trifolium spp., Fabaceae, Sonchus arvensis, Symphyotrichum cordifolium, and Solidago spp. were the top taxa detected; Melilotus spp. represented 42 percent of all detected taxa. Symphyotrichum cordifolium, Solidago spp., and Grindelia spp. were the top native forbs detected in honey bee-collected pollen. We also conducted plant and bee surveys on private lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program and Environmental Quality Incentives Program. In general, we found significant variability in floral resources and pollinator utilization across USDA programs and practices. On average, greater than 75 percent of honey bee flower observations on private lands enrolled in a USDA conservation program were on non-native forbs, whereas 33 percent of wild bee flower observations were on non-native forbs. Melilotus officinalis and Medicago sativa were the most visited by honey bees, wherease Medicago sativa and Helianthus maximiliani were the most visited by wild bees. Our analysis of nectar dearth periods in June and September for honey bees revealed that although Melilotus officinalis and Medicago sativa were highly visited, less common native forb species such as Ratibida columnifera, Agastache foeniculum, and Gaillardia aristata were preferred species. However, these preferred species were relatively rare on the landscape and are, therefore, unlikely to make up a sizable part of the honey bee diet. In addition to our empirical results, we also showcase how the U.S. Geological Survey Pollinator Library, a decision-support tool for natural resource managers, can be used to design cost-effective seeding mixes for pollinators. Collectively, the results of this research will assist USDA with maximizing the ecological impact and cost-effectiveness of their conservation programs on pollinators in the northern Great Plains.
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U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
While the physical processes governing groundwater flow are well understood, and the computational resources now exist for solving the governing equations in three dimensions over continental-scale domains, there remains substantial uncertainty about the subsurface distribution of the properties that control groundwater flow and transport for much of the contiguous United States (CONUS). The transmissivity of the shallow subsurface is a key parameter for the simulation of water table position, shallow groundwater flow, and base-flow discharge, but is not well-characterized at large regional to continental scales. We used a process-based inversion of CONUS-extent groundwater information to generate national data sets of (a) the transmissivity of the shallow groundwater system, (b) the depth to the water table, (c) groundwater discharge as base-flow, and (d) long-term average water content in the unsaturated zone. CONUS-extent coverage was developed in the form of 75 subdomain models, with the spatial distribution of long-term average transmissivity for each subdomain model calibrated against water-levels derived from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) observation wells, NHDPlusV2 first-order perennial streams, and National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) freshwater wetlands. Estimated transmissivities were lower in the western CONUS than the eastern CONUS, and across the CONUS both transmissivity and depth to water correlate with recharge, elevation, and topographic slope. These generated data sets provide spatially distributed, long-term average estimates of subsurface properties and hydrological states that we anticipate will complement other environmental modeling efforts as explanatory variables, boundary conditions, or transport pathways.
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0000-0002-8782-6627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8782-6627","contributorId":339721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zell","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":904935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":904936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211521,"text":"70211521 - 2020 - Piscivory in recovering Lake Michigan Cisco (Coregonus artedi): The role of invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-28T15:41:04.145671","indexId":"70211521","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-06T10:54:06","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Piscivory in recovering Lake Michigan Cisco (Coregonus artedi): The role of invasive species","title":"Piscivory in recovering Lake Michigan Cisco (Coregonus artedi): The role of invasive species","docAbstract":"Contemporary conditions in Lake Michigan where cisco (Coregonus artedi) populations are expanding are vastly different from those encountered by the historic fish community. Invasive species introductions have substantially altered the Lake Michigan ecosystem in the last half century. Successful management efforts for cisco in Lake Michigan hinge on our ability to understand their contemporary ecology, especially diet. We collected 725 cisco stomachs opportunistically from commercial fisheries (2%) and in agency surveys (98%) over six years (2014–2019). The majority (70%) of stomachs were from East Grand Traverse Bay and 96% of these were collected at Elk Rapids. Additional samples were collected from Charlevoix (8%), Little Traverse Bay (11%), other sites in northern Lake Michigan (4%), Central Lake Michigan (6%), and Green Bay (1%). Our results indicated a high degree of piscivory, in contrast to historical and contemporary accounts of planktivory for cisco in the other Laurentian Great Lakes. The top three prey items by mass were not native to the Great Lakes and these accounted for 87% of all observed prey mass consumed: round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) (58%), Bythotrephes longimanus (15%), and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) (14%). Round goby dominated the prey in the spring and summer, while B. longimanus and alewife occurred more in summer and fall diets. The contemporary population of cisco in Lake Michigan has been able to uniquely capitalize on abundant invasive prey resources, which may be less limiting and more energy-rich than a more typical planktivorous cisco diet.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2020.06.013","usgsCitation":"Breaker, B.S., Pangle, K.L., Donner, K., Smith, J., Turschak, B.A., Claramunt, R.M., Bunnell, D.B., and Jonas, J.L., 2020, Piscivory in recovering Lake Michigan Cisco (Coregonus artedi): The role of invasive species: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 46, no. 5, p. 1402-1411, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2020.06.013.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1402","endPage":"1411","ipdsId":"IP-113329","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 42.13082130188809\n ],\n [\n -84.68261718749999,\n 42.13082130188809\n ],\n [\n -84.68261718749999,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 42.13082130188809\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breaker, Ben S","contributorId":236853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breaker","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":13588,"text":"Central Michigan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pangle, Kevin L.","contributorId":205579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pangle","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37116,"text":"Department of Biology, Central Michigan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donner, Kevin","contributorId":190499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donner","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":33110,"text":"Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Jason","contributorId":215444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":39249,"text":"Little Traverse Band of Odawa Indians","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turschak, Benjamin A.","contributorId":150497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turschak","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":18038,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":794485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Claramunt, Randall M.","contributorId":190497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Claramunt","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bunnell, David B. 0000-0003-3521-7747","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-7747","contributorId":216540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jonas, Jory L.","contributorId":215449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jonas","given":"Jory","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70211541,"text":"70211541 - 2020 - Hydrologic modeling to examine the influence of the forestry reclamation approach and climate change on mineland hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-30T15:25:29.367702","indexId":"70211541","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-05T10:18:36","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic modeling to examine the influence of the forestry reclamation approach and climate change on mineland hydrology","docAbstract":"Forests in the Appalachian region of the U.S. are threatened by a variety of short- and long-term pressures, including climate change, invasive species, and resource extraction. Surface mining for coal is one of the most important drivers of land-use change in the region, reducing native forest cover, causing forest fragmentation, eliminating intact soil, and affecting water resources. The Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA) has been demonstrated as a successful best practice for restoring forests on mine-impacted landscapes, but little information exists on how the practice will affect hydrologic processes. A study was initiated to examine soil-water movement, as in-situ saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), combined with soil porosity to quantify the potential influence on streamflow of reclaimed mines relative to an unmined, forested control site in eastern Kentucky. We compared different reclamation techniques and time since reclamation to determine the extent to which hydrologic function can be restored. We also simulated evapotranspiration at the watershed scale as a function of reclamation technique for both historical and projected (2050) climate. Results indicate that conventional grassland reclamation critically changes how soil water transitions to streamflow, primarily due to Ksat variability that exceeds that measured for intact and FRA soils. Sites reclaimed using FRA exhibited a soil-water environment that was more similar to the unmined control. However, all reclaimed mine soils were thinner, retained and stored less soil water, and thus could provide less plant-available water during the growing season. The plant-available water stored in reclaimed landscapes may not be sufficient to support forest health and this is exacerbated by projected climate conditions. However, soil development under a combination of FRA techniques has the potential to mitigate this limitation.
Tribal communities may benefit from land management activities that enhance their use of resources on tribal lands. The Bureau of Indian Affairs is implementing a 5-year vegetation management program to provide support for projects that develop and use natural and cultural resources and improve opportunities for agricultural activities to benefit 20 Indian Tribes and Nations in the Eastern Oklahoma Region of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The bureau is working with individual Tribes to identify project objectives and design treatments, which include prescribed burning, timber removal, thinning, and reduction of hazardous fuels. The total action area for the vegetation management program is estimated to be 236,575 acres, representing approximately 1 percent of the region.
A biological assessment was prepared, in cooperation with the bureau and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, to evaluate the potential effects of the proposed vegetation management program on 22 federally threatened, endangered, and candidate species that may occur within the Eastern Oklahoma Region. The species evaluated included one plant, two insects, one reptile, five fresh-water mussels, four fishes, five birds, and four bats. Because the proposed treatments will be largely restricted to terrestrial systems, it is expected that there will be no adverse effects on the 15 species associated with aquatic habitats, provided that best management practices are followed. The proposed treatments may affect but are unlikely to adversely affect six of the primarily terrestrial species (the Papaipema eryngii [rattlesnake master borer], Picoides borealis [red-cockaded woodpecker], Myotis grisescens [gray bat], Myotis sodalis [Indiana bat], Myotis septentrionalis [northern long-eared bat], and Corynorhinus townsendii ingens [Ozark big-eared bat]), provided that best management practices are followed, including avoidance of critical habitat features.
The only species likely to be adversely affected by the proposed treatments is Nicrophorus americanus (American burying beetle) as a consequence of short-term disturbances to soils and vegetation. Most adverse effects of the treatments (such as soil compaction and decreased cover in the forest understory) are expected to be short term (habitat will recover or be restored within 5 years of treatments). Less than 1 percent of the action area is expected to result in long-term adverse effects to the American burying beetle as a result of permanent cover changes that persist for more than 5 years. It is expected that the primary treatments will be largely beneficial to the American burying beetle population in the region by reducing the risk of high-severity fires and expansion of invasive woody shrubs, such as Juniperus virginiana (eastern redcedar) within potential beetle habitat and the surrounding landscape. Overall, the proposed management program is expected to provide long-term benefits to American burying beetle habitat across 91 percent of the action area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Harms, B.R., Bencin, H.L., and Carr, N.B., 2020, Biological assessment of a proposed vegetation management program to benefit Tribes in eastern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1013, 49 p., \nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201013.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 49 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-111270","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376079,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P95LDGHX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Estimated habitat suitability for the American burying beetle using land cover classes in the Southern Plains (ver. 1.1, June 2020)"},{"id":376078,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1013/ofr20201013.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1013"},{"id":376077,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1013/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":384231,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1013/versionHist.txt","text":"version history","size":"9.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2020-1013 version history"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -96.844482421875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -96.92138671875,\n 36.61552763134925\n ],\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 36.421282443649496\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 36.13787471840729\n ],\n [\n -96.52587890625,\n 35.951329861522666\n ],\n [\n -96.88842773437499,\n 35.7019167328534\n ],\n [\n -97.14111328125,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -97.789306640625,\n 35.27253175660236\n ],\n [\n -98.031005859375,\n 35.28150065789119\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -97.9541015625,\n 33.86129311351553\n ],\n [\n -97.591552734375,\n 34.016241889667015\n ],\n [\n -97.305908203125,\n 33.78827853625996\n ],\n [\n -97.108154296875,\n 33.897777013859475\n ],\n [\n -96.99829101562499,\n 33.73347670599252\n ],\n [\n -96.45996093749999,\n 33.715201644740844\n ],\n [\n -95.712890625,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -95.284423828125,\n 33.86129311351553\n ],\n [\n -95.11962890625,\n 33.93424531117312\n ],\n [\n -94.449462890625,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -94.449462890625,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 36.99377838872517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
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The Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence began the morning of 4 July 2019 with an M6.4 earthquake at 10:33 a.m., closely following several small foreshocks. The epicenter of this event was roughly 11 miles (18 km) east-northeast of Ridgecrest (Figure 1) within the Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake (NAWS-CL). Seismic and geologic data established that the M6.4 earthquake occurred primarily along a steeply dipping northeast-trending strike-slip fault with left-lateral slip. This earthquake and preliminary reports of damage in Ridgecrest and Trona and associated ground cracking triggered a response by earthquake scientists and engineers throughout the region. A California Earthquake Clearinghouse was established in Ridgecrest to help coordinate the scientific response effort and to share data.
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2020 - U-Pb geochronology of igneous and detrital zircon samples from the Tok River area, eastern Alaska Range, and Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-12T14:45:33.275947","indexId":"70211856","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-30T12:14:32","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6001,"text":"Geological & Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"DGGS RDF 2020-3","title":"U-Pb geochronology of igneous and detrital zircon samples from the Tok River area, eastern Alaska Range, and Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska","docAbstract":"This Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) Raw Data File presents U-Pb zircon geochronology results from selected igneous, meta-igneous, and metasedimentary rocks collected during the Tok River and Wrangellia geologic mapping projects in the eastern Alaska Range and the northwestern Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska. The purpose of these analyses is to better constrain the age of select geologic units encountered during the mapping projects.","language":"English","publisher":"Department of Natural Resources, State of Alaska","doi":"10.14509/30439","usgsCitation":"Holm-Denoma, C., Sicard, K.R., and Twelker, E., 2020, U-Pb geochronology of igneous and detrital zircon samples from the Tok River area, eastern Alaska Range, and Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska: Geological & Geophysical Surveys DGGS RDF 2020-3, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.14509/30439.","productDescription":"20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118468","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/30439","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Alaska Range, Talkeetna Mountains, Tok River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.2275390625,\n 61.66902436927201\n ],\n [\n -141.9873046875,\n 61.66902436927201\n ],\n [\n -141.9873046875,\n 63.6267446447533\n ],\n [\n -148.2275390625,\n 63.6267446447533\n ],\n [\n -148.2275390625,\n 61.66902436927201\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":219763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sicard, Karri R. 0000-0003-4062-8030","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4062-8030","contributorId":219210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sicard","given":"Karri","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":795414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twelker, Evan","contributorId":178306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twelker","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":795415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}