It is hard to believe that many of the small “backyard birds” people see during spring and autumn can make migratory journeys that span thousands of kilometers. In fact, over two-thirds of all land birds (i.e., those not associated with aquatic habitats) and over half of the migratory species in North America move long distances to areas in Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean islands. Some have argued that long-distance migrants experience the best of two worlds by virtue of their migratory strategy: increased reproductive success by breeding in food-rich, competitor-poor temperate areas and increased survival by wintering in warmer tropical areas. However, traveling long distances across areas that vary physiographically comes with considerable risks, and the mortality associated with long-distance migration may be substantial, especially among young, inexperienced birds making the journey for the first time.
Although many migratory land birds are capable of making spectacular, nonstop flights over geographic barriers, including the Sahara Desert, the eastern Atlantic Ocean, and the Gulf of Mexico, few actually fly nonstop from their point of origin to their final destination. Rather, they make periodic stops lasting a few hours to a few days before resuming migration. The place where a migratory bird pauses for some length of time between migratory flights is called a stopover site. For birds crossing the Gulf of Mexico that must contend with a 13 to 32 hour nonstop flight, the habitats along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast provide the last possible stopover before autumn migrants make a nonstop flight south and the first possible landfall for birds returning north in the spring.
","language":"English","publisher":"GoMAMN","usgsCitation":"Zenzal, T.J., 2020, A multiscale approach to understanding migratory land bird habitat use of functional stopover habitat types and management efforts: Gulf of Mexico Avian Monitoring Network (GoMAMN), HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-114458","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":390606,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gomamn.org/a-multiscale-approach-to-understanding-migratory-land-bird-habitat-use-of-functional-stopover-habitat-types-and-management-efforts"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.5693359375,\n 18.35452552912664\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 18.35452552912664\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -98.5693359375,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -98.5693359375,\n 18.35452552912664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zenzal, Theodore J. Jr. 0000-0001-7342-1373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-1373","contributorId":224399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zenzal","given":"Theodore","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216366,"text":"70216366 - 2020 - Species and genetic diversity in Lake Huron in 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-01T16:14:34.935532","indexId":"70216366","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T11:07:18","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":217,"text":"Special Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"2020-01","title":"Species and genetic diversity in Lake Huron in 2018","docAbstract":"Fish community objectives (FCOs) for species and genetic diversity (DesJardine et al. 1995) complement the species- or genera-specific objectives by recognizing that diversity within and among species can improve ecosystem resiliency through portfolio effects (DuFour et al. 2015). In Lake Huron, native species (such as Lake Trout and Lake Whitefish), and non-native species (such as Alewife and Pacific salmon) play important roles in the ecosystem. The FCOs recognize the importance of genetic diversity within all fish populations to ensure their long-term sustainability. This section summarizes the current state of species diversity and recent genetic analyses of important biota in the fish community.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The state of Lake Huron in 2018","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Lake Huron Technical Committee","usgsCitation":"Stott, W., Roseman, E., and Wilson, C.C., 2020, Species and genetic diversity in Lake Huron in 2018: Special Publication 2020-01, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"153","ipdsId":"IP-100753","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":390129,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/glfc-publications-reports.php"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.7705078125,\n 45.81348649679973\n ],\n [\n -84.4189453125,\n 45.5679096098613\n ],\n [\n -83.81469726562499,\n 45.390735154248894\n ],\n [\n -83.507080078125,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -83.38623046875,\n 44.73892994307368\n ],\n [\n -83.507080078125,\n 44.315987905196906\n ],\n [\n -83.9794921875,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -83.95751953125,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -83.60595703125,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -82.891845703125,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -82.46337890625,\n 42.94838139765314\n ],\n [\n -81.705322265625,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n -81.683349609375,\n 44.11125397357155\n ],\n [\n -81.134033203125,\n 44.61393394730626\n ],\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 45.205263456162385\n ],\n [\n -81.024169921875,\n 44.629573191951046\n ],\n [\n -79.95849609375,\n 44.41024041296011\n ],\n [\n -79.903564453125,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -79.56298828125,\n 44.72332018895825\n ],\n [\n -80.145263671875,\n 45.56021795715051\n ],\n [\n -80.804443359375,\n 46.03510927947334\n ],\n [\n -81.58447265624999,\n 46.18743678432541\n ],\n [\n -82.63916015625,\n 46.255846818480315\n ],\n [\n -84.122314453125,\n 46.39998810407942\n ],\n [\n -83.81469726562499,\n 46.17983040759436\n ],\n [\n -83.8916015625,\n 46.126556302418514\n ],\n [\n -83.968505859375,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -84.6826171875,\n 46.11132565729796\n ],\n [\n -84.7705078125,\n 45.81348649679973\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stott, Wendylee 0000-0002-5252-4901 wstott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5252-4901","contributorId":191249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stott","given":"Wendylee","email":"wstott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":804812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. 0000-0002-5315-9838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-9838","contributorId":217909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":804813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Chris C.","contributorId":149385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17723,"text":"3Aquatic Research Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Trent University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70218165,"text":"70218165 - 2020 - Lake trout rehabilitation in Lake Ontario, 2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-15T17:04:14.29709","indexId":"70218165","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T11:03:50","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5495,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"chapter":"5","title":"Lake trout rehabilitation in Lake Ontario, 2019","docAbstract":"Each year we report on the progress toward rehabilitation of the Lake Ontario lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) population, including the results of stocking, annual assessment surveys, creel surveys, and evidence of natural reproduction observed from all standard surveys performed by USGS and NYSDEC. The catch per unit effort of adult lake trout in gill nets increased each year from 2008-2014, recovering from historic lows recorded during 2005-2007. Adult abundances declined each year from 2015 to 2017; and in 2017 were about 35% below the 2014 peak and 17% below the 1999-2004 mean. Adult abundance increased in 2018 by 51% over the 2017 value and increased and addition 16% in 2019. The 2019 rate of wounding by sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) on lake trout caught in gill nets (0.53 A1 wounds (fresh wound) per 100 lake trout) was below target (2 wounds per 100 lake trout). Estimates from the NYSDEC fishing boat survey indicated angler catch rate of lake trout was low in 2019 and among the lowest recorded for the time series. Condition values for an adult lake trout, indexed in September from the predicted weight for a 700mm lake trout from annual length-weight regressions and Fulton’s K for age-6 males, were among the highest levels observed for the 1983-2019 time series. Predicted weight for a 400mm lake trout from July 2019 bottom trawl catches was near the long-term average while age-2 K was among the lowest for the time series. Reproductive potential for the adult stock indexed from the CPUE of mature females ≥ 4000g was again above the target in 2019 continuing a trend observed in nine of the last ten years. The 2019 catch of young native lake trout marked the 25th observation in the last 26 years, however the low numbers of native adults observed during that time period continues to indicate substantial restoration impediments still exist.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2019 Lake Ontario Unit Annual Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Lantry, B.F., Furgal, S., Weidel, B., Connerton, M., Gorsky, D., and Osborne, C., 2020, Lake trout rehabilitation in Lake Ontario, 2019: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"5-1","endPage":"5-16","ipdsId":"IP-118030","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":383262,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dec.ny.gov/outdoor/27068.html"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n 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survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-15T16:59:52.470376","indexId":"70218166","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T10:52:54","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5495,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"chapter":"11","title":"Lake trout spawning studies: Updates, new survey, and comparison to standard September gillnet survey","docAbstract":"In Lake Ontario, lake trout restoration efforts have not established a self-sustaining population. Herein we describe efforts to evaluate standard and new surveys, and to estimate dispersal from stocking locations, to better understand impediments to natural reproduction. In 2019, lake trout egg deposition was sampled at two locations, Stony Island Reef, and Ford Shoals. No eggs were collected at either site. Egg deposition rates at Stony Island Reef, expressed in eggs/net/day, were lower in 2019 (0) and 2017 (0.0004) than in 1987 and 1989 (1.27 and 0.27, respectively). Spawning lake trout were indexed using standard gillnets set at six locations along the southern shore. Sites were fished overnight with two nets, except Youngstown where only one net was set. When comparing the standard September gillnet survey to the spawning survey, the spawning survey caught more and older fish, but had a similar representation of strains. Both gillnet surveys revealed that, during the early to late fall, most lake trout (>72%) are caught as adults near where they were stocked as juveniles. This spawning survey demonstrated that lake trout in spawning condition are aggregating near possible spawning habitat, but the presence of adults alone cannot identify the specific spawning habitat. Egg deposition results suggest lake trout may be depositing eggs in different habitats then they have in the past. Alternatively, our egg collection methods may not be effective when egg abundance is low. 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Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70209407,"text":"70209407 - 2020 - Potential freshening impacts on fines migration and pore-throat clogging during gas hydrate production: 2-D micromodel study with Diatomaceous UBGH2 sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-10T16:06:38.252453","indexId":"70209407","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T10:37:36","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential freshening impacts on fines migration and pore-throat clogging during gas hydrate production: 2-D micromodel study with Diatomaceous UBGH2 sediments","docAbstract":"The methane gas hydrate stored in natural sediments is considered a potential gas resource. Countries such as China, India, Japan, and Korea are interested in commercializing this resource, and offshore field pilot tests for gas production have been conducted using depressurization methods to destabilize gas hydrate and facilitate the migration of methane to the production well. However, fine-grained sediments (fines), which are present even in coarse-grained, gas hydrate-bearing sediments, can be resuspended in the production fluid, subsequently clogging pore throats in the formation and reducing the overall production efficiency. We conducted laboratory tests to evaluate the suspension and clogging potential of fines collected from the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, Korea during the 2010 Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Expedition 2 (UBGH2). Experimental results reveal that diatoms are prevalent in the sediment and largely control the suspension and clogging behavior. Fluid flow experiments in 2D micromodels show clogging occurs even when injecting the minimum sediment concentration (0.1wt% in the fluid) through micromodels with pore-throat widths at the high end of the anticipated range for UBGH2 gas hydrate-bearing sands (100µm). Mobile gas/fluid interfaces forming during gas hydrate dissociation accentuate clogging by concentrating and mobilizing fines. Sedimentation tests show pore-water freshening during dissociation is not anticipated to change the potential for diatoms to become entrained in the pore water flow, even for the observed gas hydrate saturations of ~80%. Muscovite and illite are also significant components of the tested sediment, however, and pore-water freshening increases their potential for resuspension and clogging. Overall, the resuspension and clogging potential of these fine sediments should increase as gas hydrate dissociation progresses in the thin, gas hydrate-bearing sands investigated in the Ulleung Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104244","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Jang, J., Cao, S., Stern, L.A., Waite, W., Jung, J., and Lee, J.Y., 2020, Potential freshening impacts on fines migration and pore-throat clogging during gas hydrate production: 2-D micromodel study with Diatomaceous UBGH2 sediments: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 116, 104244, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104244.","productDescription":"104244, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-109801","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457202,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1607954","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UJOYVR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Dependence of sedimentation behavior on pore-fluid chemistry for sediment collected offshore South Korea during the Second Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Expedition, UBGH2"},{"id":373745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jang, Junbong 0000-0001-5500-7558 jjang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-7558","contributorId":189400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jang","given":"Junbong","email":"jjang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cao, Shaung","contributorId":223817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cao","given":"Shaung","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40778,"text":"Fugro USA Marine, Inc., Houston, TX,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stern, Laura A. 0000-0003-3440-5674","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-5674","contributorId":212238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jung, Jongwon","contributorId":214559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jung","given":"Jongwon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, Joo Yong","contributorId":218160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Joo","email":"","middleInitial":"Yong","affiliations":[{"id":39769,"text":"KIGAM South Korea","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70209346,"text":"70209346 - 2020 - Bottom trawl assessment of Lake Ontario prey fishes, 2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T14:16:35.303706","indexId":"70209346","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T10:28:04","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Bottom trawl assessment of Lake Ontario prey fishes, 2019","docAbstract":"Multi-agency, collaborative Lake Ontario bottom trawl surveys provide information for decision making related to Fish Community Objectives including predator-prey balance and understanding prey fish community diversity. In 2019, bottom trawl surveys in April (n = 252 tows) and October (n = 160 tows) sampled main lake and embayments at depths from 5–226 m. Combined, the surveys captured 283,383 fish from 39 species. Alewife were 67% of the total catch by number while round goby, deepwater sculpin, and rainbow smelt comprised 13, 10, and 4% of the catch, respectively. In 2019, the lake-wide adult alewife biomass index declined from 2018 and age-1 biomass, a measure of reproductive success the previous year, was low. Year-class catch curve models identified years where estimates from surveys conducted only in U.S. waters were biased, potentially due to a greater portion of the alewife population inhabiting unsampled Canadian waters. Accounting for spatial survey bias, these model estimates indicated the 2019 adult alewife biomass was the lowest value in the 42-year time series. Models also identified the extent to which age-1 alewife biomass was historically underestimated, however lake-wide results from 2016-2019 appear less biased. If below-average year-class estimates from 2017 and 2018 are accurate, adult alewife biomass will continue to decline in 2020. Abundance indices for other pelagic prey fishes such as rainbow smelt, threespine stickleback, emerald shiner, and cisco were low and similar to 2018 values. Pelagic prey fish diversity is low because a single species, alewife, dominates the community. Deepwater sculpin and round goby were the most abundant demersal (bottom-oriented) prey fishes in 2019. Despite declines in slimy sculpin and other nearshore prey fishes, demersal prey fish community diversity has increased as deepwater sculpin and round goby comprise more even portions of the community. New experimental trawl sites in embayment habitats generally captured more species, a higher proportion of native species, and higher densities relative to main lake habitats. 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channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-24T15:13:09.775293","indexId":"70214149","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T10:03:40","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing discharge computation methods in the Great Lakes connecting channels","docAbstract":"Records of discharge for the connecting channels within the Great Lakes Basin are important to national governments of Canada and the United States and the various water management agencies and users in the basin. For more than 100 years, the official discharge records for the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, two connecting channels within the Great Lakes Basin, have been computed using various stage-fall-discharge (SFQ) methods. However, as a result of technological advancements, newer methods have recently been considered for discharge computations. In this study, three discharge computation methods were compared: two SFQ methods and the index-velocity discharge (IVQ) method. Although the two SFQ methods have significantly different assumptions and use different data from the index-velocity method, the differences between the computed discharges derived from the methods are small, especially as the time step approaches monthly discharge values. Statistical analyses of discharge measurements and discharges computed using each of these methods indicate that there is no substantive difference in the discharges computed using the three methods. However, the IVQ method provides distinct advantages over the SFQ methods, including increased temporal resolution of computed discharge (minutes versus daily) and the ability to account for changes caused by aquatic vegetation and ice. Based on the results of the comparisons described herein, the IVQ discharge computation method is the most appropriate method for discharge computation in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers. Updated SFQ equations for the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, also presented herein, can be used to compute discharge during periods of missing or invalid IVQ record.
Foraging behavior can have population-level effects that are of interest for wildlife management. For invasive species, foraging behavior has been tied to establishment ability and rate of spread and is generally of import in understanding invasion biology. A major method for controlling invasive vertebrates is using food-based baits as attractants. Tool efficacy is therefore partially driven by individual decision-making during foraging, which may also affect population response to control. We used three studies on the invasive, arboreal brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam to measure 1) size, body condition, and behavioral correlates with mortality in response to control using toxic baits, 2) shifts in prevalence of those traits after control treatments occurred and, based on the prior two findings, 3) interactive relationships between size, body condition, and behavioral traits at the landscape scale for untreated populations. Each trait was selected due to a potential relationship with foraging behavior or energetic state of an arboreal snake, as a method to estimate how foraging behavior can inform control tool efficacy. We found that snakes were more likely to be killed by toxiic baits if they had a lower body weight, were more active leading up to a bait application, and encountered on the ground more frequently. Across two treated populations, both body size and condition of sampled snakes increased after treatment, while the incidence of ground encounters decreased. Throughout forested habitat on Guam, ground encounter probability was positively correlated with snake size and inversely correlated to body condition. Additionally, size and condition had interactive effects such that snakes in good condition were more arboreal. Thus, body size and behavior (ground encounters) correlated with control-tool susceptibility and frequency shifts occurred in those traits within sampled post-treatment populations. Individual decision-making during foraging may thus inform population responses to bait-based control tools. Management decisions such as prey suppression are likely to directly influence removal efficacy through altered foraging behavior in snakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00834","usgsCitation":"Nafus, M.G., Yackel Adams, A.A., Boback, S.M., , S., and Reed, R., 2020, Behavior, size, and body condition predict susceptibility to management and reflect post-treatment frequency shifts in an invasive snake: Global Ecology and Conservatuin, v. 21, e00834, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00834.","productDescription":"e00834, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-112060","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00834","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93FZIHX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data associated with toxicant applications for brown treesnake control"},{"id":377687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nafus, Melia G. 0000-0002-7325-3055 mnafus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-3055","contributorId":197462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nafus","given":"Melia","email":"mnafus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackel Adams, Amy A. 0000-0002-7044-8447 yackela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":3116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"Amy","email":"yackela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boback, S. M.","contributorId":238878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boback","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":39028,"text":"Dickinson College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":" Siers","contributorId":238879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"Siers","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41523,"text":"USDA NWRC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, Robert 0000-0001-8349-6168 reedr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":152301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert","email":"reedr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70209710,"text":"70209710 - 2020 - Forests do not limit bumble bee foraging movements in a montane meadow complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T19:47:31.395525","indexId":"70209710","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T09:51:55","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1455,"text":"Ecological Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forests do not limit bumble bee foraging movements in a montane meadow complex","docAbstract":"1. Understanding the roles of habitat fragmentation and resource availability in shaping animal movement are integral for promoting species persistence and conservation. For insects like bumble bees, their movement patterns affect the survival and reproductive potential of their colonies as well as the pollen flow of plant species. However, our understanding of their mobility or the impact of putative barriers in natural environments is limited due to the technical difficulties of studying wild populations.
2. We used genetic mark-recapture to estimate the foraging distance, resource use, and site connectivity of two bumble bee species in a montane meadow complex composed of open meadows within a matrix of forest.
3. There was no evidence that forests or changes in landcover function as barriers to the fine‐scale movement for either species. Substantially greater colony‐specific foraging distances were found for Bombus vosnesenskii (maximum: 1867 m) compared to Bombus bifarius (maximum: 362 m). Despite this difference in absolute range, both species were detected across putative forest barriers at frequencies expected by uninhibited movement. Siblings separated by greater distances were more likely to be foraging on different floral species, potentially suggesting a resource‐based motivation for movement.
4. These results suggest that bumble bee foraging patterns are influenced by species-specific differences in movement capacity, with little influence of matrix composition between resource patches. They also support the perspective that habitat conservation for bumble bees should prioritize providing abundant and diverse patches of resources within species-specific movement radii with less emphasis on matrix composition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/een.12868","usgsCitation":"Mola, J.M., Miller, M.R., O'Rourke, S., and Williams, N.M., 2020, Forests do not limit bumble bee foraging movements in a montane meadow complex: Ecological Entomology, v. 45, no. 5, p. 955-965, https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12868.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"955","endPage":"965","ipdsId":"IP-115626","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mola, John Michael 0000-0002-5394-9071","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5394-9071","contributorId":224281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mola","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Michael R.","contributorId":45796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12709,"text":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Rourke, Sean M.","contributorId":224282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Rourke","given":"Sean M.","affiliations":[{"id":16975,"text":"University of California Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Neal M. 0000-0003-3053-8445","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3053-8445","contributorId":214382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70229996,"text":"70229996 - 2020 - Cascadia Margin cold seeps: Subduction zone fluids, gas hydrates, and chemosynthetic habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-23T14:49:26.598036","indexId":"70229996","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T09:43:06","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Cascadia Margin cold seeps: Subduction zone fluids, gas hydrates, and chemosynthetic habitats","docAbstract":"Priority Geographic Area: The outer continental shelf and upper continental slope from Canada/U.S. border offshore Washington State to the Mendocino Fracture Zone (Northern California), entirely within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), from the outermost shelf to at least 2000 m water depth (Figure 1).
Description of Priority Area: Since 2015, over a thousand water column gas plumes originating at seafloor gas seeps have been discovered landward of the Cascadia deformation front (e.g., Embley et al., 2016; Johnson et al., 2015, 2019; Merle and Embley, 2016; NA-95 Cruise Report, 2018; Riedel et al., 2018), adding to those that had long been known on Hydrate Ridge (e.g., Heeschen et al., 2003; Tréhu et al., 2004). The recently-discovered seeps stretch from offshore Vancouver Island to the Mendocino Fracture Zone and from the outer shelf to ~2000 m water depth, occurring both landward and seaward of the nominal limit for gas hydrate stability zone on the upper continental slope (Figure 1). Hundreds of seeps likely remain undiscovered. Water column imaging is incomplete both within the target geographic area and farther seaward, between the 2000 m isobath and the deformation front, which is the subject of an imaging study described in a white paper by Watt et al. The recently-discovered Cascadia Margin cold seeps partially overlap an important active margin gas hydrate province (Spence et al., 2001; Tréhu et al., 2003, 2004), as well as an area where sediments on the North American plate are folded and faulted and affected by fluids generated in the subduction complex beneath the Cascadia forearc (e.g., Saffer and Tobin, 2011). Several Ocean Drilling Program expeditions have focused on hydrate systems offshore Vancouver and Oregon (e.g., Riedel et al., 2009; Tréhu et al., 2004) and on the connection between the shallow and deep hydrogeologic systems. Cabled observatories now continuously monitor physical, chemical, and venting processes on south Hydrate Ridge (OOI; e.g., Philip et al., 2016a) and offshore Vancouver Island (NEPTUNE; e.g. Römer et al., 2016). Outside of these well-studied gas hydrate areas, a subset of the recently-discovered Cascadia seeps, including some that we visited with R/V Falkor in 2019 (e.g., https://schmidtocean.org/cruise/methane-seeps-at-edge-of-hydrate-stability/), also likely emit methane associated with shallow subseafloor gas hydrate systems. Other seeps are delivering not only methane, but also deep-derived gases (Baumberger et al., 2018, 2020) to the seafloor. Many Cascadia Margin seeps have also been recognized at water depths too shallow (e.g., 175 m) to be connected to gas hydrate dynamics. These seeps are postulated to be emitting gas and fluids that originated deep in accretionary wedge before migrating up normal faults generated during forearc extension associated with large earthquakes (Johnson et al., 2019). Only a small fraction of the recently discovered U.S. Cascadia Margin water column gas plumes has so far been verified by ROVs (Hercules from E/V Nautilus in 2016 and 2018; SuBastian from R/V Falkor in 2018 and 2019) to correspond to seafloor seeps. Careful scientific mapping, investigation, and sampling at the seeps have also been limited (e.g., Baumberger et al., 2018, 2020; Merle and Embley, 2016; Seabrook et al., 2018; Greinert et al. 2019). This white paper focuses on expanding exploration of already-identified U.S. Cascadia Margin cold seeps through a multipronged and multidisciplinary discovery program that could be accomplished with a variety of NOAA assets. The goals of the proposed exploration activities are to develop high-resolution maps of seep fields from deep ocean vehicles; to verify (and sample) seafloor gas emissions at the locations of water column plumes for compositional and isotopic studies; to map, sample, and conduct analyses on chemosynthetic communities and deep-sea coral habitats near seep sites to document species distributions and habitats as a function of depth and latitude along the margin; to collect seep geologic samples that can constrain the timing of methane emissions through geochronology; and to record environmental data (e.g., CTD) near the seafloor and in the water column above the seeps. Seafloor mapping using shipboard systems (multibeam/backscatter) would be needed to characterize seafloor features near seep sites. Water column imaging (EK60/80 and/or multibeam WCD data) conducted before and after seafloor explorations would capture active methane plumes and constrain temporal variations in seep emissions (e.g., Kannberg et al., 2013; Philip et al., 2016a, 2016b), which are known to vary on time scales as rapid as tidal cycles on this margin (e.g., Römer et al., 2016). What are the characterization and data needs in this area? Check all that apply: __x_ Biology, Geology, Physical Oceanography, Chemistry ___ Marine Archaeology ___ Other Provide a list or brief description of the data needed within this area, from your perspective: 1. Water column backscatter to image active gas plumes 2. High-resolution multibeam bathymetry, seafloor backscatter, and shallow sub-bottom imaging 3. Visual characterization and ground truthing of potential seeps, including high-resolution mapping and photography from near-seafloor vehicles; collection of seep-associated species, corals, sediments, authigenic carbonates, gases, and seawater Describe relevance to national security, conservation, and/or the economy: The Cascadia margin seeps provide significant ecosystem services, including habitat for commercially important fishes and support for diversity along the continental margin. Methane seeps are also biological hotspots for krill, plankton, and crustaceans, which in turn sustain higher trophic levels (e.g., whales). Methane-derived authigenic carbonates serve as a hard substrate for deep-sea corals and sponges on millennial time scales. The studies proposed here will elucidate the relationship among seep environments, deep-sea corals, sponges, fisheries, and other organisms and provide new insight into subduction zone and hydrate-associated fluids in this important seismogenic zone. The studies address fishery management concerns and inform future conservation of sensitive species (e.g., deep-sea corals) and benthic habitats. From your perspective, what makes this area unique? The Cascadia Margin seeps are a critical component of the leaky margin that stretches from Baja California to the Aleutian Arc along the Pacific coastline of North America. Cold seeps have been intensely studied on the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. Atlantic passive margins with a focus on chemosynthetic communities, deep-sea corals, and leakage of microbially-generated and/or thermogenic hydrocarbons; however, the recently-discovered Cascadia Margin seeps, as well as active margin seep systems in general, remain more poorly characterized. Such seeps not only contribute to the ocean carbon cycle (e.g., Pohlman et al., 2011), thereby fueling the base of the food chain in these settings, but also emit subduction zone fluids that provide clues about processes within the seismogenic zone and the accretionary complex. The Cascadia seeps area allows both biological (e.g., benthic habitats, coral distributions) and physical processes (e.g., generation of subduction zone fluids) to be studied along both depth (perpendicular to the deformation front) and latitudinal gradients.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Workshop to identify national ocean exploration priorities in the Pacific: White paper submissions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Consortium for Ocean Leadership","usgsCitation":"Demopoulos, A., Ruppel, C.D., Prouty, N.G., Watt, J., Baumberger, T., and Butterfield, D.A., 2020, Cascadia Margin cold seeps: Subduction zone fluids, gas hydrates, and chemosynthetic habitats, in Workshop to identify national ocean exploration priorities in the Pacific: White paper submissions, p. 61-64.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"64","ipdsId":"IP-121853","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397441,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://oceanleadership.org/discovery/ocean-exploration-pacific-priorities-workshop/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia Margin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.662109375,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -123.48632812499999,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -129.19921875,\n 50.3454604086048\n ],\n [\n -133.330078125,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -132.71484375,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -131.30859375,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -127.529296875,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -123.74999999999999,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -123.662109375,\n 42.22851735620852\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda 0000-0003-2096-4694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":222183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":195778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prouty, Nancy G. 0000-0002-8922-0688 nprouty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-0688","contributorId":3350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"Nancy","email":"nprouty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":221271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baumberger, Tamara","contributorId":289140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumberger","given":"Tamara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butterfield, David A","contributorId":172469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":27052,"text":"JISAO/PMEL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70229999,"text":"70229999 - 2020 - Mapping, exploration, and characterization of the California continental margin and associated features from the California-Oregon border to Ensenada, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-23T14:47:44.40071","indexId":"70229999","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T09:38:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mapping, exploration, and characterization of the California continental margin and associated features from the California-Oregon border to Ensenada, Mexico","docAbstract":"Priority Geographic Area: Both within and outside US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). California continental margin. This area includes and continues south of the geographic area captured in the Watt et al. white paper.
Description of Priority Area: The California continental margin, from the narrow shelf to abyssal depths, contains diverse seafloor features that influence benthic community types, biological connectivity, and is associated with significant seafloor geohazards. These complex features include marginal basins, depositional slopes, submarine canyons, ridges, and seamounts, and seep environments as a result of fluid seeps along active faults. Water column characteristics are variable, with steep gradients in current velocities, which influence sediment transport, from depositional fans (slow flow, muddy) to submarine canyons and seamounts (high currents, rocky, rugged terrain). These features and associated environments can influence the distribution of deep-sea habitats, including coral and sponge communities. South of the region described in the Watt et al. and Demopoulos et al. white papers, plentiful seeps occur from northern California down to the southern California Borderland. However, the underlying foundational geology associated with these seeps varies along the margin, changing with contrasting tectonic settings, from convergent tectonics to regions dominated by strike-slip faulting (Barry et al. 1996; Paull et al. 2008; Bernardo and Smith 2010; Maloney et al. 2015). For seeps located off southern California, the relationship to strike-slip fault systems may influence the distribution of seep fluid expulsion sites and associated seep habitats (Maloney et al. 2015; Grupe et al. 2015; Conrad et al., 2017), where transpression plays a key role in formation and localization of fluid seeps. Further exploration is required in order to understand these connections. Several submarine canyons intersect the shelf within this region, serving as important channels of energy and transport of sediment from shelf to slope depths. Canyons are typically associated with high currents, turbidity flows, steep and rugged terrain, and high food availability, all of which structures canyon communities and supports hotspots of biodiversity. Specific canyons along the California margin that have been well studied include Scripps and La Jolla Canyons off San Diego, and Monterey Canyon off Monterey, but many more remain relatively unexplored. Commercially important species of fish and invertebrates have been found associated with canyons, as well as deep-sea corals and sponges (e.g., Barry et al. 1996). However, in contrast to their Atlantic counterparts (e.g., through ACUMEN and ASPIRE campaigns) there has been a dearth of exploration and characterization of canyons along the California margin. A number of questions remain regarding canyon and slope wall stability and associated geohazards, plus, how the canyons connect and influence the broader regional biogeography of benthic communities is unknown. Due to their topography, seamounts along the California margin are characterized by steep slopes, large areas of rocky substrate, and high currents. Hydrological complexity is associated with seamounts given they impinge different watermasses, depending on depth range. This heterogeneity yields complex and diverse benthic communities, including commercially important fishes (e.g., Tracey et al., 2012). The geology of Davidson, Pioneer, San Juan, and Rodriquez Seamounts has received considerable study (e.g., Davis et al., 2010) but other seamounts are less known, including how they are biologically and ecologically connected. For example, research comparing the benthic communities associated with Rodriguez and San Juan Seamounts, located outside of the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary and within the proposed Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary, to communities found within the sanctuary is critical for managing and protecting resources within the sanctuary and modifying sanctuary boundaries. Exploration would yield the data needed to delineate and characterize essential fish habitats, and deep-sea coral and sponge communities, thus directly connecting the utility of exploration and discovery to decision making. The southern California Borderland is a geomorphologically heterogeneous area created by a complex network of faults, containing deep basins separated by shallow ridges and islands. Persistent fault-related deformation has created complex features, such as exposure of scarps and uplift rocks/ridges, seeps, erosional terraces, hydrate mounds, and mud volcanoes that provide support for thriving benthic communities. That said, significant oxygen minimum zones and low aragonite saturation states persist within several of the basin environments, influencing energy flow, community ecology, and calcification. For example, the combined effects of hypoxia and acidification pose serious threats to marine organisms and biological resources along the California margin. Mapping and exploration of the extensive faults and fault scarps can help constrain historical earthquake activity. But many questions remain regarding how the underlying geology and geological processes have shaped the biological communities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Workshop to identify national ocean exploration priorities in the Pacific: White paper submissions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Consortium for Ocean Leadership","usgsCitation":"Demopoulos, A., Prouty, N.G., Brothers, D.S., Watt, J., Conrad, J.E., Chaytor, J., and Caldow, C., 2020, Mapping, exploration, and characterization of the California continental margin and associated features from the California-Oregon border to Ensenada, Mexico, in Workshop to identify national ocean exploration priorities in the Pacific: White paper submissions, p. 65-68.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"68","ipdsId":"IP-121854","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397442,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://oceanleadership.org/discovery/ocean-exploration-pacific-priorities-workshop/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"continental margin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 33.687781758439364\n ],\n [\n -119.83886718750001,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -123.92578125,\n 43.100982876188546\n ],\n [\n -128.2763671875,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 31.98944183792288\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 32.47269502206151\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda 0000-0003-2096-4694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":219234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prouty, Nancy G. 0000-0002-8922-0688 nprouty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-0688","contributorId":3350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"Nancy","email":"nprouty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. 0000-0001-7702-157X dbrothers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-157X","contributorId":167089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel","email":"dbrothers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":221271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason 0000-0001-8135-8677 jchaytor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-8677","contributorId":140095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason","email":"jchaytor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Caldow, Chris","contributorId":270136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caldow","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":56094,"text":"NOAA, NOS, Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70209735,"text":"70209735 - 2020 - Steps to develop early warning systems and future scenarios of wave-driven flooding along coral reef-lined coasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-23T14:45:11.680131","indexId":"70209735","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T09:27:01","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3912,"text":"Frontiers in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2296-7745","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steps to develop early warning systems and future scenarios of wave-driven flooding along coral reef-lined coasts","docAbstract":"Tropical coral reef-lined coasts are exposed to storm wave-driven flooding. In the future, flood events during storms are expected to occur more frequently and to be more severe due to sea-level rise, changes in wind and weather patterns, and the deterioration of coral reefs. Hence, disaster managers and coastal planners are in urgent need of decision-support tools. In the short-term, these tools can be applied in Early Warning Systems (EWS) that can help to prepare for and respond to impending storm-driven flood events. In the long-term, future scenarios of flooding events enable coastal communities and managers to plan and implement adequate risk-reduction strategies. Modeling tools that are used in currently available coastal flood EWS and future scenarios have been developed for open-coast sandy shorelines, which have only limited applicability for coral reef-lined shorelines. The tools need to be able to predict local sea levels, offshore waves, as well as their nearshore transformation over the reefs, and translate this information to onshore flood levels. In addition, future scenarios require long-term projections of coral reef growth, reef composition, and shoreline change. To address these challenges, we have formed the UFORiC (Understanding Flooding of Reef-lined Coasts) working group that outlines its perspectives on data and model requirements to develop EWS for storms and scenarios specific to coral reef-lined coastlines. It reviews the state-of-the-art methods that can currently be incorporated in such systems and provides an outlook on future improvements as new data sources and enhanced methods become available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers in Marine Science","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2020.00199","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Winter, G., Storlazzi, C.D., Vitousek, S., van Dongeren, A., McCall, R.T., Hoeke, R., Skirving, W., Marra, J., Reyns, J., Aucan, J., Widlansky, M.J., Becker, J., Perry, C., Masselink, G., Lowe, R., Ford, M., Pomeroy, A., Mendez, F.J., Rueda, A.C., and Wandres, M., 2020, Steps to develop early warning systems and future scenarios of wave-driven flooding along coral reef-lined coasts: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 7, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00199.","productDescription":"199, 8 p.","startPage":"","ipdsId":"IP-108058","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00199","text":"Publisher Index 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Marine and Atmospheric Research, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Becker, Janet","contributorId":224305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"Janet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16619,"text":"UCSD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Perry, Chris","contributorId":224306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40853,"text":"UE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Masselink, 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J.","contributorId":177514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendez","given":"Fernando","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Rueda, Ana C.","contributorId":177511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rueda","given":"Ana","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wandres, Moritz","contributorId":220067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wandres","given":"Moritz","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40128,"text":"SPC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70215424,"text":"70215424 - 2020 - Determinants and consequences of dispersal in vertebrates with complex life cycles: a review of pond-breeding amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-20T14:06:59.937337","indexId":"70215424","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T09:02:05","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3214,"text":"The Quarterly Review of Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determinants and consequences of dispersal in vertebrates with complex life cycles: a review of pond-breeding amphibians","docAbstract":"Dispersal is a central process in ecology and evolution. It strongly influences the dynamics of spatially structured populations, by affecting population growth rate and local colonization-extinction processes. Dispersal can also influence evolutionary processes because it determines rates and patterns of gene flow in spatially structured populations and is closely linked to local adaptation. For these reasons, dispersal has received considerable attention from ecologists and evolutionary biologists. However, although it has been studied extensively in taxa such as birds and mammals, much less is known about dispersal in vertebrates with complex life cycles such as pond-breeding amphibians. Over the past two decades, researchers have taken an interest in amphibian dispersal and initiated both fundamental and applied studies, using a broad range of experimental and observational approaches. This body of research reveals complex dispersal patterns, causations and syndromes, with dramatic consequences for the demography and genetics of amphibian populations. In this review, our goals are to (1) redefine and clarify the concept of amphibian dispersal, (2) review current knowledge about the effects of individual (i.e., condition-dependent dispersal) and environmental (i.e., context-dependent dispersal) factors during the three stages of dispersal (i.e., emigration, immigration, transience), (3) identify the demographic and genetic consequences of dispersal in spatially structured amphibian populations, and (4) propose new research avenues to extend our understanding of amphibian dispersal. In particular, we emphasize the need to (1) quantify dispersal rate and distance rigorously using suitable model systems, (2) investigate the genetic basis and dispersal evolution patterns, and (3) examine dispersal-related eco-evolutionary dynamics. These proposed research avenues tap from the recent advances in quantitative and molecular methods and have the potential to improve our understanding of dispersal in organisms with complex life cycles.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press Journals","doi":"10.1086/707862","usgsCitation":"Cayuela, H., Valenzuela-Sanchez, V., Teulier, L., Martinez-Solano, I., Lena, J., Merila, J., Muths, E., Shine, R., Quay, L., Denoel, M., Clobert, J., and Schmidt, B., 2020, Determinants and consequences of dispersal in vertebrates with complex life cycles: a review of pond-breeding amphibians: The Quarterly Review of Biology, v. 95, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1086/707862.","ipdsId":"IP-101192","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02492117","text":"External Repository"},{"id":379542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayuela, H","contributorId":243362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayuela","given":"H","affiliations":[{"id":48698,"text":"Department of Biology, University Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valenzuela-Sanchez, V","contributorId":243363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valenzuela-Sanchez","given":"V","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48699,"text":"Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Avda. Rector Eduardo Morales s/n, Edificio Pugín, Valdivia, Chile","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teulier, L","contributorId":243364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teulier","given":"L","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48700,"text":"UMR 5023 LEHNA, Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, 69100 Villeurbanne, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martinez-Solano, I","contributorId":243365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez-Solano","given":"I","affiliations":[{"id":48701,"text":"Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lena, J","contributorId":243366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lena","given":"J","affiliations":[{"id":48700,"text":"UMR 5023 LEHNA, Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, 69100 Villeurbanne, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Merila, J","contributorId":243367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merila","given":"J","affiliations":[{"id":48702,"text":"Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":243368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shine, R","contributorId":243369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shine","given":"R","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48703,"text":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Quay, L","contributorId":243370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quay","given":"L","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48704,"text":"Nature, Ecology and Conservation, 73000 Montagnole, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Denoel, M","contributorId":243371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denoel","given":"M","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48705,"text":"University of Liège, Liège, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Clobert, J","contributorId":243372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clobert","given":"J","affiliations":[{"id":48706,"text":"Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station (UMR 5371), National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Moulis, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schmidt, B.","contributorId":177353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70209324,"text":"70209324 - 2020 - Population and harvest dynamics of midcontinent sandhill cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T17:07:29.807187","indexId":"70209324","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T08:29:35","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population and harvest dynamics of midcontinent sandhill cranes","docAbstract":"Sandhill cranes (Antigone canadensis) inhabiting the midcontinent of North America have been hunted since the 1960s under management goals of maintaining abundance, retaining geographic distribution, and maximizing sustainable harvest. Some biologists have raised concerns regarding harvest sustainability because sandhill cranes have lower reproductive rates than other game birds. We summarized demographic information in an age-structured matrix model to better understand population dynamics and harvest. Population indices and recovered harvest since the early 1980s suggest midcontinent sandhill cranes have experienced an average long-term annual growth of 0.9%; meanwhile, harvest has increased 1.8% annually. We found that adult survival and recruitment rates estimated from field data required modest adjustments (1-3%) so that model-derived growth rates matched growth estimated from a long-term survey (0.887 adult survival and 0.199 females per breeding female). Considering 0.9% long-term annual growth, sandhill cranes could be harvested at a rate of 6.6% if harvest was additive to natural mortality (assumed to be 0.05) or 11.3% if harvest and natural mortality was compensatory. Life-history characteristics for long-lived organisms and demographic evidence suggested that hunter harvest was primarily additive. Differential harvest rates of segments of midcontinent sandhill cranes derived from differential exposure to hunting suggested potentially unsustainable harvest for greater sandhill cranes (A. c. tabida) from 2 breeding segments. Overall, demographic evidence suggests that the harvest of midcontinent sandhill cranes has been managed sustainably. Monitoring activities that reduce nuisance variation and estimate vital and harvest rates by subspecies would support continued management of sandhill cranes that are of great interest to hunters and bird watchers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21865","usgsCitation":"Pearse, A.T., Sargeant, G., Krapu, G., and Brandt, D.A., 2020, Population and harvest dynamics of midcontinent sandhill cranes: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 84, no. 5, p. 902-910, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21865.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"902","endPage":"910","ipdsId":"IP-111950","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WMRBMV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fecundity data for midcontinent sandhill cranes, 2003-2006"},{"id":373700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Central Platte River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.10653686523438,\n 40.96901127616362\n ],\n [\n -98.14910888671875,\n 41.018764807703505\n ],\n [\n -98.68125915527344,\n 40.783141078983206\n ],\n [\n -98.98475646972656,\n 40.704586878965245\n ],\n [\n -99.16053771972656,\n 40.699901911003046\n ],\n [\n -99.17289733886717,\n 40.63167229840464\n ],\n [\n -98.8275146484375,\n 40.63688312646408\n ],\n [\n -98.36814880371094,\n 40.77742172100596\n ],\n [\n -98.20335388183594,\n 40.87146853153461\n ],\n [\n -98.10653686523438,\n 40.96901127616362\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T. 0000-0002-6137-1556 apearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-1556","contributorId":1772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron","email":"apearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargeant, Glen A. 0000-0003-3845-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-8503","contributorId":219538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"Glen A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krapu, Gary 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":168791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brandt, David A. 0000-0001-9786-307X dbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9786-307X","contributorId":149929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"David","email":"dbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211587,"text":"70211587 - 2020 - Herring Disease Program II 19120111-E - 2019 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-04T13:29:33.315845","indexId":"70211587","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T08:28:40","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Herring Disease Program II 19120111-E - 2019 Annual Report","docAbstract":"We will investigate fish health factors that may be contributing to the failed recovery of Pacific herring populations in Prince William Sound. Field samples will provide infection and disease prevalence data from Prince William Sound and Sitka Sound that will inform the ASA model, serological data that will indicate the prior exposure history and future susceptibility of herring to VHS, and diet information that will provide insights into the unusually high prevalence of Ichthyophonus that occurs in juvenile herring from Cordova Harbor. Laboratory studies will validate the newly-developed plaque neutralization assay as a quantifiable measure of herd immunity against VHS, provide further understanding of disease cofactors including temperature and salinity, investigate the possibility of an invertebrate host for Ichthyophonus, and assess the virulence of other endemic pathogens to Pacific herring. Information from the field and laboratory studies will be integrated into the current ASA model, a novel ASA-type model that is based on the immune status of herring age cohorts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council","collaboration":"EVOSTC - Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Council","usgsCitation":"Hershberger, P., and Purcell, M.K., 2020, Herring Disease Program II 19120111-E - 2019 Annual Report, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117369","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":376990,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://evostc.state.ak.us/restoration-projects/project-search/hrm-program-herring-disease-program-ii-19120111-e/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound, Sitka Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -139.130859375,\n 55.3791104480105\n ],\n [\n -131.396484375,\n 55.3791104480105\n ],\n [\n -131.396484375,\n 59.130863097255904\n ],\n [\n -139.130859375,\n 59.130863097255904\n ],\n [\n -139.130859375,\n 55.3791104480105\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.69921875,\n 59.22093407615045\n ],\n [\n -143.7890625,\n 59.22093407615045\n ],\n [\n -143.7890625,\n 61.897577621605016\n ],\n [\n -151.69921875,\n 61.897577621605016\n ],\n [\n -151.69921875,\n 59.22093407615045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershberger, Paul 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":203322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K. 0000-0003-0154-8433 mpurcell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8433","contributorId":168475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen","email":"mpurcell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70222956,"text":"70222956 - 2020 - Flea parasitism and host survival in a plague-relevant system: Theoretical and conservation implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T16:23:24.598092","indexId":"70222956","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T08:27:16","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flea parasitism and host survival in a plague-relevant system: Theoretical and conservation implications","docAbstract":"Plague is a bacterial zoonosis of mammalian hosts and flea vectors. The disease is capable of ravaging rodent populations and transforming ecosystems. Because plague mortality is likely to be predicted by flea parasitism, it is critical to understand vector dynamics. It has been hypothesized that paltry precipitation and reduced vegetative production predispose herbivorous rodents to malnourishment and flea parasitism, and flea parasitism varies directly with plague mortality. We evaluated these hypotheses on five colonies of Utah prairie dogs (UPDs; Cynomys parvidens), on the Awapa Plateau, Utah, US, in 2013–16. Ten flea species were identified among 3,257 fleas from UPDs. These 10 flea species parasitize prairie dogs, mice, rats, voles, ground squirrels, chipmunks, and marmots, all known hosts of plague. The abundance of fleas on individual UPDs (1,198 observations) varied inversely with UPD body condition; fleas were most abundant on lightweight, malnourished UPDs. Flea abundance on UPDs was highest in dry years that were preceded by wet years. Increased precipitation and soil moisture in the prior year might generate humid microclimates in UPD burrows (that could facilitate flea survival and reproduction) and paltry precipitation in the current year could predispose UPDs to malnourishment and flea parasitism. Annual re-encounter rates for UPDs (1,072 observations) were reduced in wetter years preceded by drier years; reduced precipitation and vegetative production might kill UPDs, and increased flea densities in drier years could provide conditions for plague transmission (and UPD mortality) when moisture returns. Re-encounter rates were reduced for UPDs carrying at least one flea compared to UPDs with no detected fleas. These results support the hypothesis that reduced precipitation in the current year predisposes UPDs to flea parasitism. Our results also suggest a link between flea parasitism and UPD mortality. Given documented connections between flea parasitism and plague transmission, our results point toward an effect of flea parasitism on plague-related deaths for individual UPDs, a phenomenon rarely investigated in nature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2019-08-201","usgsCitation":"Eads, D.A., Abbott, R.C., Biggins, D.E., and Rocke, T.E., 2020, Flea parasitism and host survival in a plague-relevant system: Theoretical and conservation implications: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 56, no. 2, p. 378-387, https://doi.org/10.7589/2019-08-201.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"378","endPage":"387","ipdsId":"IP-112909","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IG320C","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on Flea Parasitism and Annual Re-encounters of Utah Prairie Dogs at 5 colonies on the Awapa Plateau, Utah, USA, 2013-2016"},{"id":387804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Awapa Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.85317993164062,\n 38.10916794391597\n ],\n [\n -111.69731140136719,\n 38.10916794391597\n ],\n [\n -111.69731140136719,\n 38.24087667992996\n ],\n [\n -111.85317993164062,\n 38.24087667992996\n ],\n [\n -111.85317993164062,\n 38.10916794391597\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A. 0000-0002-4247-017X deads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-017X","contributorId":173639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"deads@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":820904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbott, Rachel C. 0000-0003-4820-9295 rabbott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4820-9295","contributorId":1183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"Rachel","email":"rabbott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70213021,"text":"70213021 - 2020 - 2019 Status of the Lake Ontario Lower Trophic Levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T13:33:14.952492","indexId":"70213021","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T08:20:26","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"2019 Status of the Lake Ontario Lower Trophic Levels","docAbstract":"Spring total phosphorus (TP) in 2019 was 3.2 µg/L (offshore) and 4.7 µg/L (nearshore), both all-time lows; however, there is no significant time trend in our data series (1995-2019 for nearshore; 2002-2019 for offshore). Apr/May – Oct mean TP concentrations were low at both nearshore and offshore locations (range, 3.7 – 6.5 µg/L). TP and SRP concentrations were not significantly different between nearshore and offshore habitats.
Chlorophyll-a and Secchi depth values are indicative of oligotrophic conditions in nearshore and offshore habitats. Offshore summer chlorophyll-a declined significantly 1995 – 2019. Nearshore chlorophyll-a increased 1995 – 2004 and then stabilized 2005 – 2019. In 2019, epilimnetic chlorophyll-a averaged between 1.3 and 2.9 μg/L across sites, and Apr/May – Oct concentrations were not significantly different between nearshore and offshore sites. Summer Secchi depth increased significantly in the offshore 1995 – 2019 from ~6 m to ~8 m. In the nearshore Secchi depth increased 1995 – 2004 but has remained around 6 m since 1999. Apr/May – Oct Secchi depth ranged from 3.8 m to 9.1 m (12 ft to 30 ft) at individual sites and was significantly higher offshore (7.6 m; 25 ft) than nearshore (5.7 m; 19 ft).
In 2019, nearshore summer zooplankton biomass increased to 16.7 mg/m3 after an all-time low (10.3 mg/m3) in 2017. Offshore biomass (12.0 mg/m3) was near the all-time low (8.1 mg/m3, 2006). Apr/May – Oct epilimnetic zooplankton density and biomass were not different between nearshore and offshore sites. However, zooplankton average size was significantly higher in the offshore (0.72 mm) than the nearshore (0.61 mm).
Peak (July) epilimnetic biomass of Cercopagis was 2.4 mg/m3 in the nearshore and 1.4 mg/m3 in the offshore. Peak (September) epilimnetic biomass of Bythotrephes was 2.0 mg/m3 in the nearshore and 2.9 mg/m3 in the offshore.
Summer nearshore zooplankton density and biomass declined significantly 1995 – 2004 and then remained stable 2005 – 2019. The decline was due mainly to reductions in cyclopoids copepods.
Summer epilimnetic daytime offshore zooplankton density decreased significantly 1995 – 2004, but biomass did not. Density and biomass declined significantly 1995 – 2019. Density was 3885/m3 in 2019, about one-fourth the level observed the previous year. Offshore summer epilimnetic zooplankton biomass in 2019 was 12 mg/m3—well below the mean from 2005 – 2018 (20 mg/m3).
Most offshore zooplankton biomass was found in the metalimnion in July and early-October, and in the hypolimnion in September. Limnocalanus dominated the metalimnion in July while daphnids comprised most of the biomass in October. In September, Limnocalanus dominated the hypolimnion.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2019 Lake Ontario Unit Annual Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"New York Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Holeck, K.T., Rudstam, L.G., Hotaling, C., Lemon, D., Pearsall, W., Lantry, J., Connerton, M., Legard, C., LaPan, S., Biesinger, Z., Lantry, B.F., Weidel, B., and O’Malley, B., 2020, 2019 Status of the Lake Ontario Lower Trophic Levels, 28 p.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"3-1","endPage":"3-28","ipdsId":"IP-118057","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378157,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dec.ny.gov/outdoor/27068.html"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"New York, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Lake 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hotaling, Christopher","contributorId":197987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hotaling","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lemon, Dave","contributorId":197989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemon","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pearsall, Web","contributorId":197990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearsall","given":"Web","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lantry, Jana","contributorId":141102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lantry","given":"Jana","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Connerton, Mike","contributorId":214585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connerton","given":"Mike","affiliations":[{"id":39079,"text":"NYSDEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Legard, 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bflantry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-3910","contributorId":3435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"Brian","email":"bflantry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"O’Malley, Brian 0000-0001-5035-3080 bomalley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-3080","contributorId":216560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Malley","given":"Brian","email":"bomalley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70209333,"text":"70209333 - 2020 - Greater sage-grouse chick killed by Great Basin gopher snake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T17:58:25.870236","indexId":"70209333","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T08:16:22","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Greater sage-grouse chick killed by Great Basin gopher snake","docAbstract":"Despite extensive range overlap between Great Basin gopher snakes (Pituophis catenifer deserticola) and Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) within sagebrush ecosystems, there are few documented predator–prey interactions between these species. Although gopher snakes have been observed preying on nests of other prairie grouse, studies that used video-monitoring at sage-grouse nests found gopher snakes unable to consume sage-grouse eggs and reported just a single instance of a snake consuming a <1-day-old chick in a nest bowl. On the morning of 4 June 2018 at 04:55, we observed a Great Basin gopher snake killing, constricting, and attempting to consume a 19-day-old sage-grouse chick in the foothills of the Owyhee Mountains, southwestern Idaho. This observation is the first record of a gopher snake killing a sage-grouse chick during the late brood-rearing period and highlights the likelihood that large gopher snakes are a cause of chick mortality from hatch day to at least 19 days post-hatch.
","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/064.080.0107","usgsCitation":"McIntire, S.E., Rabon, J.C., Coates, P.S., Ricca, M.A., and Johnson, T.N., 2020, Greater sage-grouse chick killed by Great Basin gopher snake: Western North American Naturalist, v. 80, no. 1, p. 70-73, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.080.0107.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-110082","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373698,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Owyhee County","otherGeospatial":"Owyhee 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIntire, Sarah E","contributorId":223733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntire","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":40761,"text":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabon, Jordan C.","contributorId":223734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rabon","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40761,"text":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ricca, Mark A. 0000-0003-1576-513X mark_ricca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-513X","contributorId":139103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark","email":"mark_ricca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Tracey N. 0000-0003-3480-8596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3480-8596","contributorId":223735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":40761,"text":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211983,"text":"70211983 - 2020 - Regionally Optimized Background Earthquake Rates from ETAS (ROBERE) for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-14T13:38:18.490546","indexId":"70211983","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T08:12:37","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regionally Optimized Background Earthquake Rates from ETAS (ROBERE) for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment","docAbstract":"We use an epidemic‐type aftershock sequence (ETAS) based approach to develop a regionally optimized background earthquake rates from ETAS (ROBERE) method for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. ROBERE fits parameters to the full seismicity catalog for a region with maximum‐likelihood estimation, including uncertainty. It then averages the earthquake rates over a suite of catalogs from which foreshocks and aftershocks have been removed using stochastic declustering while maintaining the same Gaussian smoothing currently used for the U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM). The NSHM currently determines these rates by smoothing a single catalog from which foreshocks and aftershocks have been removed using the method of Gardner and Knopoff (1974; hereafter, GK74). The parameters used in GK74 were determined from subjectively identified aftershock sequences, unlike ROBERE, in which both background rate and aftershock triggering parameters are objectively fitted. A major difference between the impacts of the two methods is GK74 significantly reduces the