{"pageNumber":"610","pageRowStart":"15225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":69035,"records":[{"id":70047370,"text":"sir20135146 - 2013 - Potential effects of deepening the St. Johns River navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system, Jacksonville, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-02T10:34:14","indexId":"sir20135146","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5146","title":"Potential effects of deepening the St. Johns River navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system, Jacksonville, Florida","docAbstract":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has proposed dredging a 13-mile reach of the St. Johns River navigation channel in Jacksonville, Florida, deepening it to depths between 50 and 54 feet below North American Vertical Datum of 1988. The dredging operation will remove about 10 feet of sediments from the surficial aquifer system, including limestone in some locations. The limestone unit, which is in the lowermost part of the surficial aquifer system, supplies water to domestic wells in the Jacksonville area. Because of density-driven hydrodynamics of the St. Johns River, saline water from the Atlantic Ocean travels upstream as a saltwater “wedge” along the bottom of the channel, where the limestone is most likely to be exposed by the proposed dredging. A study was conducted to determine the potential effects of navigation channel deepening in the St. Johns River on salinity in the adjacent surficial aquifer system. Simulations were performed with each of four cross-sectional, variable-density groundwater-flow models, developed using SEAWAT, to simulate hypothetical changes in salinity in the surficial aquifer system as a result of dredging. The cross-sectional models were designed to incorporate a range of hydrogeologic conceptualizations to estimate the effect of uncertainty in hydrogeologic properties. The cross-sectional models developed in this study do not necessarily simulate actual projected conditions; instead, the models were used to examine the potential effects of deepening the navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system under a range of plausible hypothetical conditions.\n<br>\n<br>\nSimulated results for modeled conditions indicate that dredging will have little to no effect on salinity variations in areas upstream of currently proposed dredging activities. Results also indicate little to no effect in any part of the surficial aquifer system along the cross section near River Mile 11 or in the water-table unit along the cross section near River Mile 8. Salinity increases of up to 4.0 parts per thousand (ppt) were indicated by the model incorporating hydrogeologic conceptualizations with both a semiconfining bed over the limestone unit and a preferential flow layer within the limestone along the cross section near River Mile 8. Simulated increases in salinity greater than 0.2 ppt in this area were generally limited to portions of the limestone unit within about 75 feet of the channel on the north side of the river.\n<br>\n<br>\nThe potential for saltwater to move from the river channel to the surficial aquifer system is limited, but may be present in areas where the head gradient from the aquifer to the river is small or negative and the salinity of the river is sufficient to induce density-driven advective flow into the aquifer. In some areas, simulated increases in salinity were exacerbated by the presence of laterally extensive semiconfining beds in combination with a high-conductivity preferential flow zone in the limestone unit of the surficial aquifer system and an upgradient source of saline water, such as beneath the salt marshes near Fanning Island. The volume of groundwater pumped in these areas is estimated to be low; therefore, saltwater intrusion will not substantially affect regional water supply, although users of the surficial aquifer system east of Dames Point along the northern shore of the river could be affected. Proposed dredging operations pose no risk to salinization of the Floridan aquifer system; in the study area, the intermediate confining unit ranges in thickness from more than 300 to about 500 feet and provides sufficient hydraulic separation between the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Bellino, J.C., and Spechler, R.M., 2013, Potential effects of deepening the St. Johns River navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system, Jacksonville, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5146, viii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135146.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135146.jpg"},{"id":275936,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5146/"},{"id":275937,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5146/pdf/sir20135146.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Johns River Navigation Channel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.68096,30.309025 ], [ -81.68096,30.453899 ], [ -81.378008,30.453899 ], [ -81.378008,30.309025 ], [ -81.68096,30.309025 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6d6e4b0296e5a4b5bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bellino, Jason C. 0000-0001-9046-9344 jbellino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-9344","contributorId":3724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellino","given":"Jason","email":"jbellino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spechler, Rick M. spechler@usgs.gov","contributorId":1364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"Rick","email":"spechler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047483,"text":"70047483 - 2013 - Fatty acid composition at the base of aquatic food webs is influenced by habitat type and watershed land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-08T07:24:14","indexId":"70047483","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T07:17:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fatty acid composition at the base of aquatic food webs is influenced by habitat type and watershed land use","docAbstract":"Spatial variation in food resources strongly influences many aspects of aquatic consumer ecology. Although large-scale controls over spatial variation in many aspects of food resources are well known, others have received little study. Here we investigated variation in the fatty acid (FA) composition of seston and primary consumers within (i.e., among habitats) and among tributary systems of Lake Michigan, USA. FA composition of food is important because all metazoans require certain FAs for proper growth and development that cannot be produced de novo, including many polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Here we sampled three habitat types (river, rivermouth and nearshore zone) in 11 tributaries of Lake Michigan to assess the amount of FA in seston and primary consumers of seston. We hypothesize that among-system and among-habitat variation in FAs at the base of food webs would be related to algal production, which in turn is influenced by three land cover characteristics: 1) combined agriculture and urban lands (an indication of anthropogenic nutrient inputs that fuel algal production), 2) the proportion of surface waters (an indication of water residence times that allow algal producers to accumulate) and 3) the extent of riparian forested buffers (an indication of stream shading that reduces algal production). Of these three land cover characteristics, only intense land use appeared to strongly related to seston and consumer FA and this effect was only strong in rivermouth and nearshore lake sites. River seston and consumer FA composition was highly variable, but that variation does not appear to be driven by the watershed land cover characteristics investigated here. Whether the spatial variation in FA content at the base of these food webs significantly influences the production of economically important species higher in the food web should be a focus of future research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0070666","usgsCitation":"Larson, J.H., Richardson, W.B., Knights, B.C., Bartsch, L., Bartsch, M., Nelson, J., Veldboom, J.A., and Vallazza, J.M., 2013, Fatty acid composition at the base of aquatic food webs is influenced by habitat type and watershed land use: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 8, e70666, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070666.","productDescription":"e70666","ipdsId":"IP-043752","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070666","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":276187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276186,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070666"},{"id":276174,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0070666"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan;Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.91,41.61 ], [ -87.91,46.1 ], [ -84.74,46.1 ], [ -84.74,41.61 ], [ -87.91,41.61 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5203a377e4b02bdb1bc63f8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, James H. 0000-0002-6414-9758 jhlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9758","contributorId":4250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"James","email":"jhlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, William B. 0000-0002-7471-4394 wrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4394","contributorId":3277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"William","email":"wrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knights, Brent C. 0000-0001-8526-8468 bknights@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":2906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"Brent","email":"bknights@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":3342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartsch, Michelle 0000-0002-9571-5564 mbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-5564","contributorId":3165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Michelle","email":"mbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelson, J. C. 0000-0002-7105-0107 jcnelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7105-0107","contributorId":459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J. C.","email":"jcnelson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Veldboom, Jason A. jveldboom@usgs.gov","contributorId":4123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veldboom","given":"Jason","email":"jveldboom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vallazza, Jonathan M. jvallazza@usgs.gov","contributorId":3651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallazza","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvallazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70047153,"text":"70047153 - 2013 - Refinement of late-Early and Middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy for the east coast of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-18T11:05:31","indexId":"70047153","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T16:03:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refinement of late-Early and Middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy for the east coast of the United States","docAbstract":"Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 313 continuously cored Lower to Middle Miocene sequences at three continental shelf sites off New Jersey, USA. The most seaward of these, Site M29, contains a well-preserved Early and Middle Miocene succession of planktonic diatoms that have been independently correlated with the geomagnetic polarity time scale derived in studies from the equatorial and North Pacific. Shallow water diatoms (species of Delphineis, Rhaphoneis, and Sceptroneis) dominate in onshore sequences in Maryland and Virginia, forming the basis for the East Coast Diatom Zones (ECDZ). Integrated study of both planktonic and shallow water diatoms in Hole M29A as well as in onshore sequences in Maryland (the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company well) and Delaware (the Ocean Drilling Program Bethany Beach corehole) allows the refinement of ECDZ zones into a high-resolution biochronology that can be successfully applied in both onshore and offshore regions of the East Coast of the United States. Strontium isotope stratigraphy supports the diatom biochronology, although for much of the Middle Miocene it suggests ages that are on average 0.4 m.y. older. The ECDZ zonal definitions are updated to include evolutionary events of Delphineis species, and regional occurrences of important planktonic diatom marker taxa are included. Updated taxonomy, reference to published figures, and photographic images are provided that will aid in the application of this diatom biostratigraphy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00864.1","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., Browning, J., Sugarman, P., and Miller, K.G., 2013, Refinement of late-Early and Middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy for the east coast of the United States: Geosphere, v. 9, no. 5, p. 1286-1302, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00864.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1286","endPage":"1302","ipdsId":"IP-049444","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00864.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":279010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278573,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00864.1"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"East Coast","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.34,30.79 ], [ -82.34,45.13 ], [ -66.17,45.13 ], [ -66.17,30.79 ], [ -82.34,30.79 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52835c25e4b047efbbb4ae6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Browning, James","contributorId":77033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sugarman, Peter","contributorId":78638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Kenneth G.","contributorId":14260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70103857,"text":"70103857 - 2013 - A wetting and drying scheme for ROMS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T09:38:15","indexId":"70103857","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T14:08:10","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A wetting and drying scheme for ROMS","docAbstract":"The processes of wetting and drying have many important physical and biological impacts on shallow water systems. Inundation and dewatering effects on coastal mud flats and beaches occur on various time scales ranging from storm surge, periodic rise and fall of the tide, to infragravity wave motions. To correctly simulate these physical processes with a numerical model requires the capability of the computational cells to become inundated and dewatered. In this paper, we describe a method for wetting and drying based on an approach consistent with a cell-face blocking algorithm. The method allows water to always flow into any cell, but prevents outflow from a cell when the total depth in that cell is less than a user defined critical value. We describe the method, the implementation into the three-dimensional Regional Oceanographic Modeling System (ROMS), and exhibit the new capability under three scenarios: an analytical expression for shallow water flows, a dam break test case, and a realistic application to part of a wetland area along the Georgia Coast, USA.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2013.05.004","usgsCitation":"Warner, J., Defne, Z., Haas, K., and Arango, H.G., 2013, A wetting and drying scheme for ROMS: Computers & Geosciences, v. 58, p. 54-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.05.004.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-041410","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6207","text":"External Repository"},{"id":287000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286993,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.05.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.85,30.6 ], [ -81.85,32.4 ], [ -80.6,32.4 ], [ -80.6,30.6 ], [ -81.85,30.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"536ca760e4b060efff280d98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Defne, Zafer 0000-0003-4544-4310 zdefne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4544-4310","contributorId":5520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Defne","given":"Zafer","email":"zdefne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, Kevin","contributorId":23832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arango, Hernan G.","contributorId":35241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arango","given":"Hernan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70093724,"text":"70093724 - 2013 - Lidar-derived estimate and uncertainty of carbon sink in successional phases of woody encroachment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-12T13:59:28","indexId":"70093724","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:53:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lidar-derived estimate and uncertainty of carbon sink in successional phases of woody encroachment","docAbstract":"Woody encroachment is a globally occurring phenomenon that contributes to the global carbon sink. The magnitude of this contribution needs to be estimated at regional and local scales to address uncertainties present in the global- and continental-scale estimates, and guide regional policy and management in balancing restoration activities, including removal of woody plants, with greenhouse gas mitigation goals. The objective of this study was to estimate carbon stored in various successional phases of woody encroachment. Using lidar measurements of individual trees, we present high-resolution estimates of aboveground carbon storage in juniper woodlands. Segmentation analysis of lidar point cloud data identified a total of 60,628 juniper tree crowns across four watersheds. Tree heights, canopy cover, and density derived from lidar were strongly correlated with field measurements of 2613 juniper stems measured in 85 plots (30 × 30 m). Aboveground total biomass of individual trees was estimated using a regression model with lidar-derived height and crown area as predictors (Adj. R<sup>2</sup> = 0.76, p < 0.001, RMSE = 0.58 kg). The predicted mean aboveground woody carbon storage for the study area was 677 g/m<sup>2</sup>. Uncertainty in carbon storage estimates was examined with a Monte Carlo approach that addressed major error sources. Ranges predicted with uncertainty analysis in the mean, individual tree, aboveground woody C, and associated standard deviation were 0.35 – 143.6 kg and 0.5 – 1.25 kg, respectively. Later successional phases of woody encroachment had, on average, twice the aboveground carbon relative to earlier phases. Woody encroachment might be more successfully managed and balanced with carbon storage goals by identifying priority areas in earlier phases of encroachment where intensive treatments are most effective.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20088","usgsCitation":"Sankey, T., Shrestha, R., Sankey, J.B., Hardgree, S., and Strand, E., 2013, Lidar-derived estimate and uncertainty of carbon sink in successional phases of woody encroachment: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 118, no. 3, p. 1144-1155, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20088.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1144","endPage":"1155","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-036687","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282290,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20088"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"South Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0204,42.1646 ], [ -117.0204,43.35 ], [ -115.7938,43.35 ], [ -115.7938,42.1646 ], [ -117.0204,42.1646 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6497e4b0b290850ff8cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen","contributorId":97000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shrestha, Rupesh","contributorId":65382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrestha","given":"Rupesh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardgree, Stuart","contributorId":44830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardgree","given":"Stuart","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Strand, Eva","contributorId":82611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strand","given":"Eva","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":490179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70095755,"text":"70095755 - 2013 - Key landscape ecology metrics for assessing climate change adaptation options: Rate of change and patchiness of impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T16:44:56","indexId":"70095755","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:47:51","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Key landscape ecology metrics for assessing climate change adaptation options: Rate of change and patchiness of impacts","docAbstract":"Under a changing climate, devising strategies to help stakeholders adapt to alterations to ecosystems and their services is of utmost importance. In western North America, diminished snowpack and river flows are causing relatively gradual, homogeneous (system-wide) changes in ecosystems and services. In addition, increased climate variability is also accelerating the incidence of abrupt and patchy disturbances such as fires, floods and droughts. This paper posits that two key variables often considered in landscape ecology—the rate of change and the degree of patchiness of change—can aid in developing climate change adaptation strategies. We use two examples from the “borderland” region of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. In piñon-juniper woodland die-offs that occurred in the southwestern United States during the 2000s, ecosystem services suddenly crashed in some parts of the system while remaining unaffected in other locations. The precise timing and location of die-offs was uncertain. On the other hand, slower, homogeneous change, such as the expected declines in water supply to the Colorado River delta, will likely impact the entire ecosystem, with ecosystem services everywhere in the delta subject to alteration, and all users likely exposed. The rapidity and spatial heterogeneity of faster, patchy climate change exemplified by tree die-off suggests that decision-makers and local stakeholders would be wise to operate under a Rawlsian “veil of ignorance,” and implement adaptation strategies that allow ecosystem service users to equitably share the risk of sudden loss of ecosystem services before actual ecosystem changes occur. On the other hand, in the case of slower, homogeneous, system-wide impacts to ecosystem services as exemplified by the Colorado River delta, adaptation strategies can be implemented after the changes begin, but will require a fundamental rethinking of how ecosystems and services are used and valued. In sum, understanding how the rate of change and degree of patchiness of change will constrain adaptive options is a critical consideration in preparing for climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/ES13-00118.1","usgsCitation":"López-Hoffman, L., Breshears, D.D., Allen, C.D., and Miller, M.L., 2013, Key landscape ecology metrics for assessing climate change adaptation options: Rate of change and patchiness of impacts: Ecosphere, v. 4, no. 8, art101;18 p., https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00118.1.","productDescription":"art101;18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-046113","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es13-00118.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.91,25.05 ], [ -117.91,42.16 ], [ -101.69,42.16 ], [ -101.69,25.05 ], [ -117.91,25.05 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd636ee4b0b290850fecc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"López-Hoffman, Laura","contributorId":77397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"López-Hoffman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Marc L.","contributorId":81010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70074337,"text":"70074337 - 2013 - Updated methodology for nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of shales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-29T13:36:03","indexId":"70074337","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2372,"text":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Updated methodology for nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of shales","docAbstract":"Unconventional petroleum resources, particularly in shales, are expected to play an increasingly important role in the world’s energy portfolio in the coming years. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), particularly at low-field, provides important information in the evaluation of shale resources. Most of the low-field NMR analyses performed on shale samples rely heavily on standard T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> measurements. We present a new approach using solid echoes in the measurement of T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>1</sub>–T<sub>2</sub> correlations that addresses some of the challenges encountered when making NMR measurements on shale samples compared to conventional reservoir rocks. Combining these techniques with standard T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> measurements provides a more complete assessment of the hydrogen-bearing constituents (e.g., bitumen, kerogen, clay-bound water) in shale samples. These methods are applied to immature and pyrolyzed oil shale samples to examine the solid and highly viscous organic phases present during the petroleum generation process. The solid echo measurements produce additional signal in the oil shale samples compared to the standard methodologies, indicating the presence of components undergoing homonuclear dipolar coupling. The results presented here include the first low-field NMR measurements performed on kerogen as well as detailed NMR analysis of highly viscous thermally generated bitumen present in pyrolyzed oil shale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jmr.2013.04.014","usgsCitation":"Washburn, K.E., and Birdwell, J.E., 2013, Updated methodology for nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of shales: Journal of Magnetic Resonance, v. 233, p. 17-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2013.04.014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-043889","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281640,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2013.04.014"}],"volume":"233","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7a48e4b0b2908510d65b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Washburn, Kathryn E.","contributorId":76644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Washburn","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7152,"text":"Weatherford International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":489515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048866,"text":"70048866 - 2013 - Mapping risk of avian influenza transmission at the interface of domestic poultry and wild birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:25:02","indexId":"70048866","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1704,"text":"Frontiers in Public Health","onlineIssn":"2296-2565","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping risk of avian influenza transmission at the interface of domestic poultry and wild birds","docAbstract":"Emergence of avian influenza viruses with high lethality to humans, such as the currently circulating highly pathogenic A(H5N1) (emerged in 1996) and A(H7N9) cause serious concern for the global economic and public health sectors. Understanding the spatial and temporal interface between wild and domestic populations, from which these viruses emerge, is fundamental to taking action. This information, however, is rarely considered in influenza risk models, partly due to a lack of data. We aim to identify areas of high transmission risk between domestic poultry and wild waterfowl in China, the epicenter of both viruses. Two levels of models were developed: one that predicts hotspots of novel virus emergence between domestic and wild birds, and one that incorporates H5N1 risk factors, for which input data exists. Models were produced at 1 and 30 km spatial resolution, and two temporal seasons. Patterns of risk varied between seasons with higher risk in the northeast, central-east, and western regions of China during spring and summer, and in the central and southeastern regions during winter. Monte-Carlo uncertainty analyses indicated varying levels of model confidence, with lowest errors in the densely populated regions of eastern and southern China. Applications and limitations of the models are discussed within.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frontiers in Public Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2013.00028","usgsCitation":"Prosser, D.J., Hungerford, L.L., Erwin, R.M., Ottinger, M.A., Takekawa, J.Y., and Ellis, E.C., 2013, Mapping risk of avian influenza transmission at the interface of domestic poultry and wild birds: Frontiers in Public Health, v. 1, no. 28, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00028.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-049511","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00028","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P163QI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatial models indicating avian influenza transmission risk at the interface of domestic poultry and wild birds in China"},{"id":278983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278982,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00028"}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 73.5,18.15 ], [ 73.5,53.56 ], [ 134.77,53.56 ], [ 134.77,18.15 ], [ 73.5,18.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527e586ce4b02d2057dd95ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hungerford, Laura L.","contributorId":14291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hungerford","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael 0000-0003-2108-9502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-9502","contributorId":57125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ottinger, Mary Ann","contributorId":26422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ellis, Erle C.","contributorId":67400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Erle","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70047340,"text":"70047340 - 2013 - Comparison of age distributions estimated from environmental tracers by using binary-dilution and numerical models of fractured and folded karst: Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:11:21","indexId":"70047340","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T11:47:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of age distributions estimated from environmental tracers by using binary-dilution and numerical models of fractured and folded karst: Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"Measured concentrations of environmental tracers in spring discharge from a karst aquifer in the Shenandoah Valley, USA, were used to refine a numerical groundwater flow model. The karst aquifer is folded and faulted carbonate bedrock dominated by diffuse flow along fractures. The numerical model represented bedrock structure and discrete features (fault zones and springs). Concentrations of <sup>3</sup>H, <sup>3</sup>He, <sup>4</sup>He, and CFC-113 in spring discharge were interpreted as binary dilutions of young (0–8  years) water and old (tracer-free) water. Simulated mixtures of groundwater are derived from young water flowing along shallow paths, with the addition of old water flowing along deeper paths through the model domain that discharge to springs along fault zones. The simulated median age of young water discharged from springs (5.7  years) is slightly older than the median age estimated from <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He data (4.4  years). The numerical model predicted a fraction of old water in spring discharge (0.07) that was half that determined by the binary-dilution model using the <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He apparent age and <sup>3</sup>H and CFC-113 data (0.14). This difference suggests that faults and lineaments are more numerous or extensive than those mapped and included in the numerical model.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-013-0997-9","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., Plummer, N., Kauffman, L.J., Doctor, D.H., Nelms, D.L., and Schlosser, P., 2013, Comparison of age distributions estimated from environmental tracers by using binary-dilution and numerical models of fractured and folded karst: Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 21, no. 6, p. 1193-1217, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-0997-9.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1193","endPage":"1217","numberOfPages":"25","ipdsId":"IP-042757","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275663,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/DOI 10.1007/s10040-013-0997-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia;West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.33,37.4237 ], [ -80.33,39.6857 ], [ -77.7252,39.6857 ], [ -77.7252,37.4237 ], [ -80.33,37.4237 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fb7554e4b04b00e3d78567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362 lkauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":1094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"lkauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schlosser, Peter","contributorId":50936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70155203,"text":"70155203 - 2013 - Geochemical and isotopic variations in shallow groundwater in areas of the Fayetteville Shale development, north-central Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-03T10:39:18","indexId":"70155203","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and isotopic variations in shallow groundwater in areas of the Fayetteville Shale development, north-central Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Exploration of unconventional natural gas reservoirs such as impermeable shale basins through the use of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has changed the energy landscape in the USA providing a vast new energy source. The accelerated production of natural gas has triggered a debate concerning the safety and possible environmental impacts of these operations. This study investigates one of the critical aspects of the environmental effects; the possible degradation of water quality in shallow aquifers overlying producing shale formations. The geochemistry of domestic groundwater wells was investigated in aquifers overlying the Fayetteville Shale in north-central Arkansas, where approximately 4000 wells have been drilled since 2004 to extract unconventional natural gas. Monitoring was performed on 127 drinking water wells and the geochemistry of major ions, trace metals, CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;gas content and its C isotopes (&delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>CH4</sub><span>), and select isotope tracers (&delta;</span><sup>11</sup><span>B,&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr, &delta;</span><sup>2</sup><span>H, &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O, &delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>DIC</sub><span>) compared to the composition of flowback-water samples directly from Fayetteville Shale gas wells. Dissolved CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;was detected in 63% of the drinking-water wells (32 of 51 samples), but only six wells exceeded concentrations of 0.5&nbsp;mg CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>/L. The &delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>CH4</sub><span>&nbsp;of dissolved CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;ranged from &minus;42.3&permil; to &minus;74.7&permil;, with the most negative values characteristic of a biogenic source also associated with the highest observed CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations, with a possible minor contribution of trace amounts of thermogenic CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>. The majority of these values are distinct from the reported thermogenic composition of the Fayetteville Shale gas (&delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>CH4</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;&minus;35.4&permil; to &minus;41.9&permil;). Based on major element chemistry, four shallow groundwater types were identified: (1) low (&lt;100&nbsp;mg/L) total dissolved solids (TDS), (2) TDS&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;100&nbsp;mg/L and Ca&ndash;HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;dominated, (3) TDS&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;100&nbsp;mg/L and Na&ndash;HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>dominated, and (4) slightly saline groundwater with TDS&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;100&nbsp;mg/L and Cl&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;20&nbsp;mg/L with elevated Br/Cl ratios (&gt;0.001). The Sr (</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.7097&ndash;0.7166), C (&delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>DIC</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;&minus;21.3&permil; to &minus;4.7&permil;), and B (&delta;</span><sup>11</sup><span>B&nbsp;=&nbsp;3.9&ndash;32.9&permil;) isotopes clearly reflect water&ndash;rock interactions within the aquifer rocks, while the stable O and H isotopic composition mimics the local meteoric water composition. Overall, there was a geochemical gradient from low-mineralized recharge water to more evolved Ca&ndash;HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>, and higher-mineralized Na&ndash;HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;composition generated by a combination of carbonate dissolution, silicate weathering, and reverse base-exchange reactions. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the bulk shallow groundwater samples were distinct from the Na&ndash;Cl type Fayetteville flowback/produced waters (TDS &sim;10,000&ndash;20,000&nbsp;mg/L). Yet, the high Br/Cl variations in a small subset of saline shallow groundwater suggest that they were derived from dilution of saline water similar to the brine in the Fayetteville Shale. Nonetheless, no spatial relationship was found between CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and salinity occurrences in shallow drinking water wells with proximity to shale-gas drilling sites. The integration of multiple geochemical and isotopic proxies shows no direct evidence of contamination in shallow drinking-water aquifers associated with natural gas extraction from the Fayetteville Shale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geochemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.013","usgsCitation":"Warner, N., Kresse, T.M., Hays, P.D., Down, A., Karr, J.D., Jackson, R., and Vengosh, A., 2013, Geochemical and isotopic variations in shallow groundwater in areas of the Fayetteville Shale development, north-central Arkansas: Applied Geochemistry, v. 35, p. 207-220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.013.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044825","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c090aee4b033ef5210429b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, Nathaniel R.","contributorId":56129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Nathaniel R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kresse, Timothy M. 0000-0003-1035-0672 tkresse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-0672","contributorId":2758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresse","given":"Timothy","email":"tkresse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hays, Phillip D. 0000-0001-5491-9272 pdhays@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-9272","contributorId":4145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Phillip","email":"pdhays@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Down, Adrian","contributorId":96175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Down","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karr, Jonathan D.","contributorId":146281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karr","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, R.B.","contributorId":42174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vengosh, Avner","contributorId":21842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vengosh","given":"Avner","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70047339,"text":"70047339 - 2013 - Blood mineral concentrations in manatees (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i> and <i>Trichechus manatus manatus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T14:22:56","indexId":"70047339","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T11:37:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blood mineral concentrations in manatees (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i> and <i>Trichechus manatus manatus</i>)","docAbstract":"Limited information is available regarding the role of minerals and heavy metals in the morbidity and mortality of manatees. Whole-blood and serum mineral concentrations were evaluated in apparently healthy, free-ranging Florida (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i>, <i>n</i> = 31) and Belize (<i>Trichechus manatus manatus</i>, <i>n</i> = 14) manatees. Toxicologic statuses of the animals and of their environment had not been previously determined. Mean mineral whole-blood (WB) and serum values in Florida (FL) and Belize (BZ) manatees were determined, and evaluated for differences with respect to geographic location, relative age, and sex. Mean WB and serum silver, boron, cobalt, magnesium, molybdenum, and WB cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in BZ versus FL manatees (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Mean WB aluminum, calcium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, vanadium, and serum zinc concentrations were significantly lower in BZ versus FL manatees. Adult manatees had significant and higher mean WB aluminum, manganese, sodium, antimony, vanadium, and serum manganese and zinc concentrations compared to juvenile animals. Significant and lower mean WB and serum silver, boron, cobalt, and serum copper and strontium concentrations were present in adults compared to juveniles (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Females had significant and higher mean WB nickel and serum barium compared to males (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Mean WB arsenic and zinc, and mean serum iron, magnesium, and zinc concentrations fell within toxic ranges reported for domestic species. Results reveal manatee blood mineral concentrations differ with location, age, and sex. Influence from diet, sediment, water, and anthropogenic sources on manatee mineral concentration warrant further investigation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/2012-0093R.1","usgsCitation":"Siegal-Willott, J., Harr, K.E., Hall, J.O., Hayek, L.C., Auil-Gomez, N., Powell, J., Bonde, R.K., and Heard, D., 2013, Blood mineral concentrations in manatees (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i> and <i>Trichechus manatus manatus</i>): Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 44, no. 2, p. 285-894, https://doi.org/10.1638/2012-0093R.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"894","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-037334","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275679,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2012-0093R.1"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fb754fe4b04b00e3d78563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegal-Willott, J.","contributorId":106831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegal-Willott","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harr, Kendal E.","contributorId":14114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harr","given":"Kendal","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, Jeffery O.","contributorId":51623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayek, Lee-Ann C.","contributorId":16730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayek","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Auil-Gomez, Nicole","contributorId":71463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auil-Gomez","given":"Nicole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powell, James A.","contributorId":53514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Heard, Darryl","contributorId":84247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heard","given":"Darryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70048423,"text":"70048423 - 2013 - Quantifying wetland–aquifer interactions in a humid subtropical climate region: An integrated approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-26T10:38:34","indexId":"70048423","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T10:24:14","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying wetland–aquifer interactions in a humid subtropical climate region: An integrated approach","docAbstract":"Wetlands are widely recognized as sentinels of global climate change. Long-term monitoring data combined with process-based modeling has the potential to shed light on key processes and how they change over time. This paper reports the development and application of a simple water balance model based on long-term climate, soil, vegetation and hydrological dynamics to quantify groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interactions at the Norman landfill research site in Oklahoma, USA. Our integrated approach involved model evaluation by means of the following independent measurements: (a) groundwater inflow calculation using stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen (<sup>16</sup>O, <sup>18</sup>O, <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>2</sup>H); (b) seepage flux measurements in the wetland hyporheic sediment; and (c) pan evaporation measurements on land and in the wetland. The integrated approach was useful for identifying the dominant hydrological processes at the site, including recharge and subsurface flows. Simulated recharge compared well with estimates obtained using isotope methods from previous studies and allowed us to identify specific annual signatures of this important process during the period of study (1997–2007). Similarly, observations of groundwater inflow and outflow rates to and from the wetland using seepage meters and isotope methods were found to be in good agreement with simulation results. Results indicate that subsurface flow components in the system are seasonal and readily respond to rainfall events. The wetland water balance is dominated by local groundwater inputs and regional groundwater flow contributes little to the overall water balance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.022","usgsCitation":"Mendoza-Sanchez, I., Phanikumar, M., Niu, J., Masoner, J.R., Cozzarelli, I.M., and McGuire, J., 2013, Quantifying wetland–aquifer interactions in a humid subtropical climate region: An integrated approach: Journal of Hydrology, v. 498, p. 237-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.022.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"253","ipdsId":"IP-014582","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278115,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Norman","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.55,35.14 ], [ -97.55,35.35 ], [ -97.18,35.35 ], [ -97.18,35.14 ], [ -97.55,35.14 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"498","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52455769e4b0b3d37307e1b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendoza-Sanchez, Itza","contributorId":20246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza-Sanchez","given":"Itza","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phanikumar, Mantha S.","contributorId":17888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phanikumar","given":"Mantha S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niu, Jie","contributorId":30535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niu","given":"Jie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Masoner, Jason R. 0000-0002-4829-6379 jmasoner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-6379","contributorId":3193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"Jason","email":"jmasoner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, Jennifer T.","contributorId":53979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jennifer T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70048420,"text":"70048420 - 2013 - Geologic effects on groundwater salinity and discharge into an estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T16:17:18","indexId":"70048420","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T08:40:39","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic effects on groundwater salinity and discharge into an estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can be an important pathway for transport of nutrients and contaminants to estuaries. A better understanding of the geologic and hydrologic controls on these fluxes is critical for their estimation and management. We examined geologic features, porewater salinity, and SGD rates and patterns at an estuarine study site. Seismic data showed the existence of paleovalleys infilled with estuarine mud and peat that extend hundreds of meters offshore. A low-salinity groundwater plume beneath this low-permeability fill was mapped with continuous resistivity profiling. Extensive direct SGD measurements with seepage meters (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>551) showed fresh groundwater discharge patterns that correlated well with shallow porewater salinity and the hydrogeophysical framework. Small-scale variability in fresh and saline discharge indicates influence of meter-scale geologic heterogeneity, while site-scale discharge patterns are evidence of the influence of the paleovalley feature. Beneath the paleovalley fill, fresh groundwater flows offshore and mixes with saltwater before discharging along paleovalley flanks. On the adjacent drowned interfluve where low-permeability fill is absent, fresh groundwater discharge is focused at the shoreline. Shallow saltwater exchange was greatest across sandy sediments and where fresh SGD was low. The geologic control of groundwater flowpaths and discharge salinity demonstrated in this work are likely to affect geochemical reactions and the chemical loads delivered by SGD to coastal surface waters. Because similar processes are likely to exist in other estuaries where drowned paleovalleys commonly cross modern shorelines, the existence and implications of complex hydrogeology are important considerations for studies of groundwater fluxes and related management decisions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.049","usgsCitation":"Russonielloa, C.J., Fernandeza, C., Bratton, J.F., Banaszakc, J.F., Krantzc, D.E., Andresd, S., Konikow, L.F., and Michaela, H.A., 2013, Geologic effects on groundwater salinity and discharge into an estuary: Journal of Hydrology, v. 498, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.049.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-044951","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Indian River Bay","volume":"498","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5246e918e4b035b7f35addd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russonielloa, Christopher J.","contributorId":92963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russonielloa","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fernandeza, Cristina","contributorId":94963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandeza","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bratton, John F. 0000-0003-0376-4981 jbratton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0376-4981","contributorId":92757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"John","email":"jbratton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banaszakc, Joel F.","contributorId":102369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banaszakc","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krantzc, David E.","contributorId":84259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krantzc","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andresd, Scott","contributorId":97413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andresd","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Michaela, Holly A.","contributorId":57357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaela","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70047485,"text":"70047485 - 2013 - Foraging habitat for shorebirds in southeastern Missouri and its predicted future availability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T13:34:09","indexId":"70047485","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T07:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging habitat for shorebirds in southeastern Missouri and its predicted future availability","docAbstract":"Water management to protect agriculture in alluvial floodplains often conflicts with wildlife use of seasonal floodwater. Such is the case along the Mississippi River in southeastern Missouri where migrating shorebirds forage in shallow-flooded fields. I estimated the current availability of habitat for foraging shorebirds within the New Madrid and St. Johns Basins based on daily river elevations (1943–2009), under assumptions that shorebirds forage in open habitat with water depth <15 cm and use mudflats for 3 days after exposure. The area of shorebird foraging habitat, based on replicated 50-year random samples, averaged 975 ha per day during spring and 33 ha per day during fall. Adjustments to account for habitat quality associated with different water depths, duration of mudflat exposure, intra-seasonal availability, and state of agricultural crops, indicated the equivalent of 494 ha daily of optimal habitat during spring and 11 ha during fall. Proposed levees and pumps to protect cropland would reduce shorebird foraging habitat by 80 %: to 211 ha (108 optimal ha) per day during spring and 9 ha (<3 optimal ha) per day during fall. Alternative water management that allows natural flooding below a prescribed elevation would retain nearly all existing shorebird foraging habitat during fall and about 60 % of extant habitat during spring.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-013-0422-0","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D.J., 2013, Foraging habitat for shorebirds in southeastern Missouri and its predicted future availability: Wetlands, v. 33, no. 4, p. 667-678, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0422-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"667","endPage":"678","ipdsId":"IP-032409","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276175,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0422-0"},{"id":276176,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13157-013-0422-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.77,36.0 ], [ -95.77,40.61 ], [ -89.1,40.61 ], [ -89.1,36.0 ], [ -95.77,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5203a377e4b02bdb1bc63f94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70058716,"text":"70058716 - 2013 - Wind River watershed restoration. Annual report. November 2011 through October 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T08:51:18","indexId":"70058716","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Wind River watershed restoration. Annual report. November 2011 through October 2012","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1>\n<p>This report summarizes work by U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s Columbia River Research Laboratory (USGS-CRRL) in the Wind River subbasin, from November 2011 through October 2012. Funding was provided by Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) under contract 55275. The primary focus of USGS activities during this time was tagging of parr steelhead <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> with Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags, and establishing a network of instream PIT tag interrogation systems (PTIS). The PIT-tagged parr steelhead will provide movement and life history data through recapture events and detections at instream PTIS systems, will contribute to estimates of adult steelhead returning to the Wind River, and aid in the evaluation of the removal of Hemlock Dam on Trout Creek steelhead populations.</p>\n<p><span>The Wind River Watershed project (BPA Project Number 1998-019-00) is a collaborative effort to restore wild steelhead in the Wind River, WA. The four partner agencies are the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), USGS-CRRL, and Underwood Conservation District (UCD). This partnership was established in the early 1990s with support from BPA, and has continued to conduct extensive habitat, research, monitoring, and coordination activities across the subbasin. The project works at multiple levels to identify and characterize key limiting habitat factors in the Wind River; restore degraded habitats and watershed processes; document fish populations, life histories, and interactions; investigate efficacy of restoration actions; and to share information across agency and non-agency boundaries. Long-term research in the Wind River has focused on assessments of steelhead/rainbow trout populations, relationships with introduced populations of spring Chinook salmon <i>O. tshawytscha</i> and brook trout <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>, and effects of habitat variables and habitat restoration on fish productivity. </span></p>\n<p><span>During the period covered by this report, we PIT tagged steelhead parr in headwater sections of the subbasin (Figure 1), maintained a PTIS in Trout Creek, installed a PTIS in the Wind River, and installed smaller scale PTISs in Trapper Creek, Paradise Creek, and the Wind River upstream of Paradise Creek (Figure 2). Additionally we maintained thermologgers to collect water temperature data near the PIT tagging sites.&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p>A statement of work (SOW) was submitted to BPA in October 2011 that outlined work to be performed by USGS-CRRL. The SOW was organized by Work Element (WE), with each describing a research task. This report summarizes the progress completed under each WE.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","collaboration":"BPA Project Number: 1998-019-00. Report covers work performed under BPA contract number: 55275. Report was completed under BPA contract number: 59821.","usgsCitation":"Jezorek, I.G., and Connolly, P., 2013, Wind River watershed restoration. Annual report. November 2011 through October 2012, 40 p.","productDescription":"40 p.","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-11-01","temporalEnd":"2012-10-31","ipdsId":"IP-045885","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280261,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pisces.bpa.gov/release/documents/documentviewer.aspx?doc=P133526","text":"Report","size":"648.14 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Wind River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.982107,45.715023 ], [ -121.982107,45.88214 ], [ -121.787086,45.88214 ], [ -121.787086,45.715023 ], [ -121.982107,45.715023 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385b408e4b09e18fc023ad9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jezorek, Ian G. 0000-0002-3842-3485 ijezorek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3842-3485","contributorId":3572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jezorek","given":"Ian","email":"ijezorek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70173475,"text":"70173475 - 2013 - Air - water temperature relationships in the trout streams of southeastern Minnesota’s carbonate - sandstone landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T16:20:51","indexId":"70173475","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Air - water temperature relationships in the trout streams of southeastern Minnesota’s carbonate - sandstone landscape","docAbstract":"<p><span>Carbonate-sandstone geology in southeastern Minnesota creates a heterogeneous landscape of springs, seeps, and sinkholes that supply groundwater into streams. Air temperatures are effective predictors of water temperature in surface-water dominated streams. However, no published work investigates the relationship between air and water temperatures in groundwater-fed streams (GWFS) across watersheds. We used simple linear regressions to examine weekly air-water temperature relationships for 40 GWFS in southeastern Minnesota. A 40-stream, composite linear regression model has a slope of 0.38, an intercept of 6.63, and&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;of 0.83. The regression models for GWFS have lower slopes and higher intercepts in comparison to surface-water dominated streams. Regression models for streams with high&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;values offer promise for use as predictive tools for future climate conditions. Climate change is expected to alter the thermal regime of groundwater-fed systems, but will do so at a slower rate than surface-water dominated systems. A regression model of intercept&nbsp;</span><i>vs</i><span>. slope can be used to identify streams for which water temperatures are more meteorologically than groundwater controlled, and thus more vulnerable to climate change. Such relationships can be used to guide restoration&nbsp;</span><i>vs</i><span>. management strategies to protect trout streams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12046","usgsCitation":"Krider, L.A., Magner, J.A., Perry, J., Vondracek, B.C., and Ferrington, L.C., 2013, Air - water temperature relationships in the trout streams of southeastern Minnesota’s carbonate - sandstone landscape: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 49, no. 4, p. 896-907, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12046.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"896","endPage":"907","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036165","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.01599121093749,\n              44.38669150215206\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.9718017578125,\n              44.35920579433503\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1585693359375,\n              44.24126379833979\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.0706787109375,\n              43.93350594453702\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.3895263671875,\n              43.91372326852401\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.1478271484375,\n              43.69965122967144\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.0379638671875,\n              43.492782808225\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.241455078125,\n              43.492782808225\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.263427734375,\n              43.74728909225906\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.38427734374999,\n              43.96514454266273\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.6644287109375,\n              44.071800467511565\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.8841552734375,\n              44.22158376545796\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.9500732421875,\n              44.37098696297173\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.01599121093749,\n              44.38669150215206\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdace4b07657d19ba748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krider, Lori A.","contributorId":172050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krider","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magner, Joseph A.","contributorId":172051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magner","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Jim","contributorId":111771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vondracek, Bruce C. bcv@usgs.gov","contributorId":904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"Bruce","email":"bcv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferrington, Leonard C. Jr.","contributorId":172049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrington","given":"Leonard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046700,"text":"cir1386 - 2013 - National assessment of geologic carbon dioxide storage resources: Results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T17:06:50.063235","indexId":"cir1386","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1386","title":"National assessment of geologic carbon dioxide storage resources: Results","docAbstract":"In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an assessment of the technically accessible storage resources (<i>TA<sub>SR</sub></i>) for carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) in geologic formations underlying the onshore and State waters area of the United States. The formations assessed are at least 3,000 feet (914 meters) below the ground surface. The <i>TA<sub>SR</sub></i> is an estimate of the CO<sub>2</sub> storage resource that may be available for CO<sub>2</sub> injection and storage that is based on present-day geologic and hydrologic knowledge of the subsurface and current engineering practices. Individual storage assessment units (SAUs) for 36 basins were defined on the basis of geologic and hydrologic characteristics outlined in the assessment methodology of Brennan and others (2010, USGS Open-File Report 2010–1127) and the subsequent methodology modification and implementation documentation of Blondes, Brennan, and others (2013, USGS Open-File Report 2013–1055). The mean national <i>TA<sub>SR</sub></i> is approximately 3,000 metric gigatons (Gt). The estimate of the <i>TA<sub>SR</sub></i> includes buoyant trapping storage resources (<i>B<sub>SR</sub></i>), where CO<sub>2</sub> can be trapped in structural or stratigraphic closures, and residual trapping storage resources, where CO<sub>2</sub> can be held in place by capillary pore pressures in areas outside of buoyant traps. The mean total national <i>B<sub>SR</sub></i> is 44 Gt. The residual storage resource consists of three injectivity classes based on reservoir permeability: residual trapping class 1 storage resource (<i>R1<sub>SR</sub></i>) represents storage in rocks with permeability greater than 1 darcy (D); residual trapping class 2 storage resource (<i>R2<sub>SR</sub></i>) represents storage in rocks with moderate permeability, defined as permeability between 1 millidarcy (mD) and 1 D; and residual trapping class 3 storage resource (<i>R3<sub>SR</sub></i>) represents storage in rocks with low permeability, defined as permeability less than 1 mD. The mean national storage resources for rocks in residual trapping classes 1, 2, and 3 are 140 Gt, 2,700 Gt, and 130 Gt, respectively. The known recovery replacement storage resource (<i>KRR<sub>SR</sub></i>) is a conservative estimate that represents only the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> at subsurface conditions that could replace the volume of known hydrocarbon production. The mean national <i>KRR<sub>SR</sub></i>, determined from production volumes rather than the geologic model of buoyant and residual traps that make up <i>TA<sub>SR</sub></i>, is 13 Gt. The estimated storage resources are dominated by residual trapping class 2, which accounts for 89 percent of the total resources. The Coastal Plains Region of the United States contains the largest storage resource of any region. Within the Coastal Plains Region, the resources from the U.S. Gulf Coast area represent 59 percent of the national CO<sub>2</sub> storage capacity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1386","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources Assessment Team, 2013, National assessment of geologic carbon dioxide storage resources: results (Version 1: Originally posted June 2013; Version 1.1: September 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1386, ix, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1386.","productDescription":"ix, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503645,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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,{"id":70046701,"text":"fs20133020 - 2013 - National assessment of geologic carbon dioxide storage resources: Summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-08T13:20:39.966743","indexId":"fs20133020","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3020","title":"National assessment of geologic carbon dioxide storage resources: Summary","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently completed an evaluation of the technically accessible storage resource (<i>TA<sub>SR</sub></i>) for carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) for 36 sedimentary basins in the onshore areas and State waters of the United States. The <i>TA<sub>SR</sub></i> is an estimate of the geologic storage resource that may be available for CO<sub>2</sub> injection and storage and is based on current geologic and hydrologic knowledge of the subsurface and current engineering practices. By using a geology-based probabilistic assessment methodology, the USGS assessment team members obtained a mean estimate of approximately 3,000 metric gigatons (Gt) of subsurface CO<sub>2</sub> storage capacity that is technically accessible below onshore areas and State waters; this amount is more than 500 times the 2011 annual U.S. energy-related CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of 5.5 Gt (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2012, http://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/carbon/).\n<br/>\nIn 2007, the Energy Independence and Security Act (Public Law 110–140) directed the U.S. Geological Survey to conduct a national assessment of geologic storage resources for CO<sub>2</sub> in consultation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Energy, and State geological surveys. The USGS developed a methodology to estimate storage resource potential in geologic formations in the United States (Burruss and others, 2009, USGS Open-File Report (OFR) 2009–1035; Brennan and others, 2010, USGS OFR 2010–1127; Blondes, Brennan, and others, 2013, USGS OFR 2013–1055). In 2012, the USGS completed the assessment, and the results are summarized in this Fact Sheet and are provided in more detail in companion reports (U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources Assessment Team, 2013a,b; see related reports at right).\n<br/>\nThe goal of this project was to conduct an initial assessment of storage capacity on a regional basis, and results are not intended for use in the evaluation of specific sites for potential CO<sub>2</sub> storage. The national assessment was a geology-based examination of all sedimentary basins in the onshore and State waters area of the United States that contain storage assessment units (SAUs) that could be defined according to geologic and hydrologic characteristics. Although geologic storage of CO<sub>2</sub> may be possible in some areas not assessed by the USGS, the SAUs identified in this assessment represent those areas within sedimentary basins that met the assessment criteria. A geologic description of each SAU was prepared; descriptions for SAUs in several basins are in Warwick and Corum (2012, USGS OFR 2012–1024).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133020","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources Assessment Team, 2013, National assessment of geologic carbon dioxide storage resources: summary (Version 1: Originally posted June 2013; Version 1.1: September 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3020, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133020.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274231,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70046371,"text":"70046371 - 2013 - Estimating age ratios and size of Pacific walrus herds on coastal haulouts using video imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:48:39","indexId":"70046371","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-31T21:52:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating age ratios and size of Pacific walrus herds on coastal haulouts using video imaging","docAbstract":"During Arctic summers, sea ice provides resting habitat for Pacific walruses as it drifts over foraging areas in the eastern Chukchi Sea. Climate-driven reductions in sea ice have recently created ice-free conditions in the Chukchi Sea by late summer causing walruses to rest at coastal haulouts along the Chukotka and Alaska coasts, which provides an opportunity to study walruses at relatively accessible locations. Walrus age can be determined from the ratio of tusk length to snout dimensions. We evaluated use of images obtained from a gyro-stabilized video system mounted on a helicopter flying at high altitudes (to avoid disturbance) to classify the sex and age of walruses hauled out on Alaska beaches in 2010–2011. We were able to classify 95% of randomly selected individuals to either an 8- or 3-category age class, and we found measurement-based age classifications were more repeatable than visual classifications when using images presenting the correct head profile. Herd density at coastal haulouts averaged 0.88 walruses/m<sup>2</sup> (std. err. = 0.02), herd size ranged from 8,300 to 19,400 (CV 0.03–0.06) and we documented ~30,000 animals along ~1 km of beach in 2011. Within the herds, dependent walruses (0–2 yr-olds) tended to be located closer to water, and this tendency became more pronounced as the herd spent more time on the beach. Therefore, unbiased estimation of herd age-ratios will require a sampling design that allows for spatial and temporal structuring. In addition, randomly sampling walruses available at the edge of the herd for other purposes (e.g., tagging, biopsying) will not sample walruses with an age structure representative of the herd. Sea ice losses are projected to continue, and population age structure data collected with aerial videography at coastal haulouts may provide demographic information vital to ongoing efforts to understand effects of climate change on this species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0069806","usgsCitation":"Monson, D., Udevitz, M.S., and Jay, C.V., 2013, Estimating age ratios and size of Pacific walrus herds on coastal haulouts using video imaging: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 7, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069806.","ipdsId":"IP-045689","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069806","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":277155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277133,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069806"}],"country":"United States","volume":"8","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52206d61e4b0645fc25e8c2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047326,"text":"fs20133055 - 2013 - Reproductive health of yellow perch, Perca flavescens, in Chesapeake Bay Tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T18:00:14.444595","indexId":"fs20133055","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-31T15:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3055","title":"Reproductive health of yellow perch, Perca flavescens, in Chesapeake Bay Tributaries","docAbstract":"Yellow perch live in creeks, rivers, ponds, lakes, and estuaries across the central and eastern United States and Canada. In Chesapeake Bay, they tolerate salinities up to one-third that of seawater. The adults reside in the brackish waters of the bay’s tributaries and migrate upstream to spawn. Yellow perch are eagerly sought by recreational fishermen for their excellent taste and, because their late winter spawning runs are the earliest of the year, they are regarded as a harbinger of spring. Yellow perch also support a small but valuable, tightly regulated commercial fishery in the part of Chesapeake Bay that lies in Maryland.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133055","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Pinkney, A., and Uphoff, J.H., 2013, Reproductive health of yellow perch, Perca flavescens, in Chesapeake Bay Tributaries: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3055, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133055.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275652,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133055.jpg"},{"id":275651,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3055/pdf/fs2013-3055.pdf"},{"id":275650,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3055/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.6224,37.3195 ], [ -77.6224,39.7196 ], [ -74.7564,39.7196 ], [ -74.7564,37.3195 ], [ -77.6224,37.3195 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fa2c80e4b076c3a8d82627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pinkney, A.E.","contributorId":87501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinkney","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Uphoff, James H.","contributorId":74656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uphoff","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047254,"text":"ofr20131178 - 2013 - Significance of headwater streams and perennial springs in ecological monitoring in Shenandoah National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-31T15:50:02","indexId":"ofr20131178","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-31T15:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1178","title":"Significance of headwater streams and perennial springs in ecological monitoring in Shenandoah National Park","docAbstract":"Shenandoah National Park has been monitoring water chemistry and benthic macroinvertebrates in stream ecosystems since 1979. These monitoring efforts were designed to assess the status and trends in stream condition associated with atmospheric deposition (acid rain) and changes in forest health due to gypsy moth infestations. The primary objective of the present research was to determine whether the current long-term macroinvertebrate and water-quality monitoring program in Shenandoah National Park was failing to capture important information on the status and trends in stream condition by not sufficiently representing smaller, headwater streams. The current benthic-macroinvertebrate and water-chemistry sampling designs do not include routine collection of data from streams with contributing watershed areas smaller than 100 hectares, even though these small streams represent the overwhelming proportion of total stream length in the park. In this study, we sampled headwater sites, including headwater stream reaches (contributing watershed area approximately 100 hectares (ha) and perennial springs, in the park for aquatic macroinvertebrates and water chemistry and compared the results with current and historical data collected at long-term ecological monitoring (LTEM) sites on larger streams routinely sampled as part of ongoing monitoring efforts. The larger purpose of the study was to inform ongoing efforts by park managers to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the current aquatic monitoring program in light of other potential stressors (for example, climate change) and limited resources. Our results revealed several important findings that could influence management decisions regarding long-term monitoring of park streams. First, we found that biological indicators of stream condition at headwater sites and perennial springs generally were more indicative of lower habitat quality and were more spatially variable than those observed at sites on routinely monitored larger streams. We hypothesized that poorer stream condition observed in smaller streams was due to stream drying that occurs more frequently in headwater areas. We also found that biological and water-chemistry measures responded differently to landscape drivers. Variation in most biological endpoints was driven primarily by stream size and was only secondarily associated with bedrock geology. In contrast, water chemistry showed essentially the opposite pattern, with underlying geology explaining much of the variation and stream size being of secondary importance. Therefore, expanding the LTEM program to include headwater areas would yield substantially different biological information, whereas broad inferences regarding spatial patterns in water chemistry would probably not change. Although significant differences in community composition were observed among streams of different sizes, no taxa were unique to headwater sites. All taxa collected at the 45 headwater sites also had been collected at one or more LTEM sites during one or more years. This observation indicates that headwater sites in the park may be structured by biotic nestedness; consequently, focusing management efforts on preserving the species pool at the larger LTEM sites would likely result in the protection of most taxa parkwide. Finally, linkages (correlations) between water chemistry and biological measures of stream condition were signficantly stronger when assessed at the LTEM sites than when assessed at the springs or headwater sites, indicating that conditions at downstream sites may be better indicators of water-quality trends.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131178","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C.D., Webb, J., Young, J.A., and Johnson, Z.B., 2013, Significance of headwater streams and perennial springs in ecological monitoring in Shenandoah National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1178, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131178.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049033","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131178.gif"},{"id":275648,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1178/pdf/ofr2013-1178.pdf"},{"id":275647,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1178/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -79,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -78,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -78,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -79,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fa2c80e4b076c3a8d8262f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Craig D. 0000-0002-3448-597X csnyder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-597X","contributorId":2568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Craig","email":"csnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, James R.","contributorId":74431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"James R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Zane B.","contributorId":21441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Zane","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70199861,"text":"70199861 - 2013 - Fine-scale hydrologic modeling for regional landscape applications: the California Basin Characterization Model development and performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T15:22:10","indexId":"70199861","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-31T15:22:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1460,"text":"Ecological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine-scale hydrologic modeling for regional landscape applications: the California Basin Characterization Model development and performance","docAbstract":"<div id=\"ASec1\" class=\"AbstractSection\"><p class=\"Heading\"><strong>Introduction</strong></p><p class=\"Para\">Resource managers need spatially explicit models of hydrologic response to changes in key climatic drivers across variable landscape conditions. We demonstrate the utility of a Basin Characterization Model for California (CA-BCM) to integrate high-resolution data on physical watershed characteristics with historical or projected climate data to predict watershed-specific hydrologic responses.</p></div><div id=\"ASec2\" class=\"AbstractSection\"><p class=\"Heading\"><strong>Methods</strong></p><p class=\"Para\">The CA-BCM applies a monthly regional water-balance model to simulate hydrologic responses to climate at the spatial resolution of a 270-m grid. The model has been calibrated using a total of 159 relatively unimpaired watersheds for the California region.</p></div><div id=\"ASec3\" class=\"AbstractSection\"><p class=\"Heading\"><strong>Results</strong></p><p class=\"Para\">As a result of calibration, predicted basin discharge closely matches measured data for validation watersheds. The CA-BCM recharge and runoff estimates, combined with estimates of snowpack and timing of snowmelt, provide a basis for assessing variations in water availability. Another important output variable,<span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">climatic water deficit</i>, integrates the combined effects of temperature and rainfall on site-specific soil moisture, a factor that plants may respond to more directly than air temperature and precipitation alone. Model outputs are calculated for each grid cell, allowing results to be summarized for a variety of planning units including hillslopes, watersheds, ecoregions, or political boundaries.</p></div><div id=\"ASec4\" class=\"AbstractSection\"><p class=\"Heading\"><strong>Conclusions</strong></p><p class=\"Para\">The ability to confidently calculate hydrologic outputs at fine spatial scales provides a new suite of hydrologic predictor variables that can be used for a variety of purposes, such as projections of changes in water availability, environmental demand, or distribution of plants and habitats. Here we present the framework of the CA-BCM model for the California hydrologic region, a test of model performance on 159 watersheds, summary results for the region for the 1981–2010 time period, and changes since the 1951–1980 time period.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/2192-1709-2-25","usgsCitation":"Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., Thorne, J.H., and Boynton, R., 2013, Fine-scale hydrologic modeling for regional landscape applications: the California Basin Characterization Model development and performance: Ecological Processes, v. 2, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-1709-2-25.","productDescription":"Article 25; 21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-033531","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-1709-2-25","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70047311,"text":"sir20135072 - 2013 - Naturally occurring contaminants in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge crystalline-rock aquifers and Piedmont Early Mesozoic basin siliciclastic-rock aquifers, eastern United States, 1994–2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-31T09:00:08","indexId":"sir20135072","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-31T08:37:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5072","title":"Naturally occurring contaminants in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge crystalline-rock aquifers and Piedmont Early Mesozoic basin siliciclastic-rock aquifers, eastern United States, 1994–2008","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality and aquifer lithologies in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Physiographic Provinces in the eastern United States vary widely as a result of complex geologic history. Bedrock composition (mineralogy) and geochemical conditions in the aquifer directly affect the occurrence (presence in rock and groundwater) and distribution (concentration and mobility) of potential naturally occurring contaminants, such as arsenic and radionuclides, in drinking water. To evaluate potential relations between aquifer lithology and the spatial distribution of naturally occurring contaminants, the crystalline-rock aquifers of the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Physiographic Provinces and the siliciclastic-rock aquifers of the Early Mesozoic basin of the Piedmont Physiographic Province were divided into 14 lithologic groups, each having from 1 to 16 lithochemical subgroups, based on primary rock type, mineralogy, and weathering potential. Groundwater-quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program from 1994 through 2008 from 346 wells and springs in various hydrogeologic and land-use settings from Georgia through New Jersey were compiled and analyzed for this study. Analyses for most constituents were for filtered samples, and, thus, the compiled data consist largely of dissolved concentrations. Concentrations were compared to criteria for protection of human health, such as U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking water maximum contaminant levels and secondary maximum contaminant levels or health-based screening levels developed by the USGS NAWQA Program in cooperation with the USEPA, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, and Oregon Health & Science University. Correlations among constituent concentrations, pH, and oxidation-reduction (redox) conditions were used to infer geochemical controls on constituent mobility within the aquifers.\n\nOf the 23 trace-element constituents evaluated, arsenic, manganese, and zinc were detected in one or more water samples at concentrations greater than established human health-based criteria. Arsenic concentrations typically were less than 1 microgram per liter (µg/L) in most groundwater samples; however, concentrations of arsenic greater than 1 µg/L frequently were detected in groundwater from clastic lacustrine sedimentary rocks of the Early Mesozoic basin aquifers and from metamorphosed clastic sedimentary rocks of the Piedmont and Blue Ridge crystalline rock aquifers. Groundwater from these rock units had elevated pH compared to other rock units evaluated in this study. Of the nine samples for which arsenic concentration was greater than 10 µg/L, six were classified as oxic and three as anoxic, and seven had pH of 7.2 or greater. Manganese concentrations typically were less than 10 µg/L in most samples; however, 8.3 percent of samples from the Piedmont and Blue Ridge crystalline-rock aquifers and 3.0 percent of samples from the Early Mesozoic basin siliciclastic rock aquifers had manganese concentrations greater than the 300-µg/L health-based screening level. The positive correlation of manganese with iron and ammonia and the negative correlation of manganese with dissolved oxygen and nitrate are consistent with the reductive dissolution of manganese oxides in the aquifer. Zinc concentrations typically were less than 10 µg/L in the groundwater samples considered in the study, but 0.4 percent and 5.5 percent of the samples had concentrations greater than the health-based screening level of 2,000 µg/L and one-tenth of the health-based screening level, respectively. The mean rank concentration of zinc in groundwater from the quartz-rich sedimentary rock lithologic group was greater than that for other lithologic groups even after eliminating samples collected from wells constructed with galvanized casing.\n\nApproximately 90 percent of 275 groundwater samples had radon-222 concentrations that were greater than the proposed alternative maximum contaminant level of 300 picocuries per liter. In contrast, only 2.0 percent of 98 samples had combined radium (radium-226 plus radium-228) concentrations greater than the maximum contaminant level of 5.0 picocuries per liter, and 0.6 percent of 310 samples had uranium concentrations greater than the maximum contaminant level of 30 µg/L. Radon concentrations were highest in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge crystalline-rock aquifers, especially in granite, and elevated median concentrations were noted in the Piedmont Early Mesozoic basin aquifers, but without the extreme maximum concentrations found in the crystalline rocks (granites). Although the siliciclastic lithologies had a greater frequency of elevated uranium concentrations, radon and radium were commonly detected in water from both siliciclastic and crystalline lithologies. Uranium concentrations in groundwater from clastic sedimentary and clastic lacustrine/evaporite sedimentary lithologic groups within the Early Mesozoic basin aquifers, which had median concentrations of 3.6 and 3.1 µg/L, respectively, generally were higher than concentrations for other siliciclastic lithologic groups, which had median concentrations less than 1 µg/L. Although 89 percent of the 260 samples from crystalline-rock aquifers had uranium concentrations less than 1 µg/L, 0.8 percent had uranium concentrations greater than the 30-µg/L maximum contaminant level, and 6.5 percent had concentrations greater than 3 µg/L.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135072","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Chapman, M.J., Cravotta, C.A., Szabo, Z., and Lindsay, B.D., 2013, Naturally occurring contaminants in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge crystalline-rock aquifers and Piedmont Early Mesozoic basin siliciclastic-rock aquifers, eastern United States, 1994–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5072, xi, 74 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135072.","productDescription":"xi, 74 p.; Tables","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1994-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-01-01","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135072.bmp"},{"id":275608,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5072/"},{"id":275609,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5072/pdf/sir2013-5072.pdf"},{"id":275607,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5072/table/Chapman_PIED6_Tables.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Delaware;Georgia;Maryl;New Jersey;North Carolina;Pennsylvania;Virginia;West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Piedmont And Blue Ridge Physiographic Provinces","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.0,32.0 ], [ -86.0,44.0 ], [ -70.0,44.0 ], [ -70.0,32.0 ], [ -86.0,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fa2c7fe4b076c3a8d8261b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Melinda J. 0000-0003-4021-0320 mjchap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-0320","contributorId":1597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melinda","email":"mjchap@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsay, Bruce D.","contributorId":102360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047310,"text":"70047310 - 2013 - A new dry hypothesis for the formation of Martian linear gullies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T15:40:11","indexId":"70047310","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-31T08:22:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new dry hypothesis for the formation of Martian linear gullies","docAbstract":"Long, narrow grooves found on the slopes of martian sand dunes have been cited as evidence of liquid water via the hypothesis that melt-water initiated debris flows eroded channels and deposited lateral levées. However, this theory has several short-comings for explaining the observed morphology and activity of these linear gullies. We present an alternative hypothesis that is consistent with the observed morphology, location, and current activity: that blocks of CO<sub>2</sub> ice break from over-steepened cornices as sublimation processes destabilize the surface in the spring, and these blocks move downslope, carving out levéed grooves of relatively uniform width and forming terminal pits. To test this hypothesis, we describe experiments involving water and CO<sub>2</sub> blocks on terrestrial dunes and then compare results with the martian features. Furthermore, we present a theoretical model of the initiation of block motion due to sublimation and use this to quantitatively compare the expected behavior of blocks on the Earth and Mars. The model demonstrates that CO<sub>2</sub> blocks can be expected to move via our proposed mechanism on the Earth and Mars, and the experiments show that the motion of these blocks will naturally create the main morphological features of linear gullies seen on Mars.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.006","usgsCitation":"Diniega, S., Hansen, C.J., McElwaine, J.N., Hugenholtz, C., Dundas, C.M., McEwen, A.S., and Bourke, M.C., 2013, A new dry hypothesis for the formation of Martian linear gullies: Icarus, v. 225, p. 526-537, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"537","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-039273","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1475116","text":"External Repository"},{"id":275606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275605,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.006"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"225","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fa2c7ae4b076c3a8d82613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diniega, Serina","contributorId":80532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diniega","given":"Serina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Candice J.","contributorId":70235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Candice","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McElwaine, Jim N.","contributorId":58923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElwaine","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hugenholtz, C.H.","contributorId":69041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hugenholtz","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bourke, Mary C.","contributorId":105992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourke","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70044213,"text":"70044213 - 2013 - Multi-scale habitat selection of the endangered Hawaiian Goose","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T10:24:10","indexId":"70044213","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-30T16:24:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-scale habitat selection of the endangered Hawaiian Goose","docAbstract":"After a severe population reduction during the mid-20<sup>th</sup> century, the endangered Hawaiian Goose (Branta sandvicensis), or Nēnē, has only recently re-established its seasonal movement patterns on Hawai‘i Island. Little is currently understood about its movements and habitat use during the nonbreeding season. The objectives of this research were to identify habitats preferred by two subpopulations of the Nēnē and how preferences shift seasonally at both meso-and fine scales. From 2009 to 2011, ten Nēnē ganders were outfitted with 40-to 45-g satellite transmitters with GPS capability. We used binary logistic regression to compare habitat use versus availability and an information-theoretic approach for model selection. Meso-scale habitat modeling revealed that Nēnē preferred exotic grass and human-modified landscapes during the breeding and molting seasons and native subalpine shrubland during the nonbreeding season. Fine-scale habitat modeling further indicated preference for exotic grass, bunch grass, and absence of trees. Proximity to water was important during molt, suggesting that the presence of water may provide escape from introduced mammalian predators while Nēnē are flightless. Finescale species-composition data added relatively little to understanding of Nēnē habitat preferences modeled at the meso scale, suggesting that the meso-scale is appropriate for management planning. Habitat selection during our study was consistent with historical records, although dissimilar from more recent studies of other subpopulations. Nēnē make pronounced seasonal movements between existing reserves and use distinct habitat types; understanding annual patterns has implications for the protection and restoration of important seasonal habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/cond.2012.120022","usgsCitation":"Leopold, C.R., and Hess, S.C., 2013, Multi-scale habitat selection of the endangered Hawaiian Goose: Condor, v. 115, no. 1, p. 17-27, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.120022.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"27","ipdsId":"IP-040017","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.120022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275530,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.120022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.824585,19.106244 ], [ -155.824585,19.806762 ], [ -155.131073,19.806762 ], [ -155.131073,19.106244 ], [ -155.824585,19.106244 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8d258e4b0cecbe8fa981c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Christina R.","contributorId":46817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, Steven C. 0000-0001-6403-9922 shess@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-9922","contributorId":3156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Steven","email":"shess@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}