{"pageNumber":"611","pageRowStart":"15250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16498,"records":[{"id":70206432,"text":"70206432 - 1971 - The problem of groundwater discharge into the seas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-03T16:48:57","indexId":"70206432","displayToPublicDate":"1971-10-01T16:34:10","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The problem of groundwater discharge into the seas","title":"The problem of groundwater discharge into the seas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Introductory Note: The dynamic equilibrium of the various factors involved in the world water balance or budget is the central scientific problem of the International Hydrological Decade. One of the potentially vital elements of the balance is groundwater discharge to the oceans. To paraphrase the authors of the following Russian publication, the world water budget can't be properly balanced, statically or dynamically, until there are improved values for the amount of groundwater that is discharged directly to oceans, seas, and enclosed lakes. The following report, with its bibliography, presents some Russian approaches to the problem and provides a few bits of numerical information. The report was translated by Frank W. Trainer of the U.S. Geological Survey. The text has been slightly reduced in the interests of saving space but the bibliography is given in full and has been transcribed into more or less standard U.S. Geological Survey bibliographical style. ©1971. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</span></p>","language":"English ","doi":"10.1029/EO052i010p00717","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Kudelin, B., Zekster, I., Meskheteli, A., Brusilovsky, S., and Trainer, F., 1971, The problem of groundwater discharge into the seas: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 52, no. 10, p. 717-722, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO052i010p00717.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"722","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kudelin, B.I.","contributorId":220224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kudelin","given":"B.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zekster, I.S.","contributorId":220225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zekster","given":"I.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meskheteli, A.V.","contributorId":220226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meskheteli","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brusilovsky, S.A.","contributorId":220227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brusilovsky","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trainer, F.W.","contributorId":26007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trainer","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70227314,"text":"70227314 - 1971 - Earth-science studies of a nuclear test area in the western Aleutian Islands: Supplementary hydrologic information: Discussion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T21:06:37.284904","indexId":"70227314","displayToPublicDate":"1971-10-01T14:54:24","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earth-science studies of a nuclear test area in the western Aleutian Islands: Supplementary hydrologic information: Discussion","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[2963:ESOANT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ballance, W.C., and Gard, L.M., 1971, Earth-science studies of a nuclear test area in the western Aleutian Islands: Supplementary hydrologic information: Discussion: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 82, no. 10, p. 2963-2963, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[2963:ESOANT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"2963","endPage":"2963","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Islands, Amchitka","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -181.22222900390625,\n              51.56255861691012\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.16455078125,\n              51.57450912314331\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.14669799804685,\n              51.558289817660686\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.13159179687497,\n              51.56085114529479\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.09451293945312,\n              51.53864817973767\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.07254028320312,\n              51.54377290280936\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.04095458984375,\n              51.5283970022217\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.043701171875,\n              51.51814351604911\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.97915649414062,\n              51.48822432632349\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.97640991210935,\n              51.47796179607121\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.95169067382812,\n              51.45229536554372\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.92147827148438,\n              51.440312757160115\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.88577270507812,\n              51.42147659056747\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.85144042968747,\n              51.4094858955551\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.84182739257812,\n              51.393207778477134\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.78277587890625,\n              51.38292387723015\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.79925537109375,\n              51.370065750319654\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.80337524414062,\n              51.36149165915505\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.76629638671875,\n              51.34433866059924\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.69351196289062,\n              51.35977664828087\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.68252563476562,\n              51.35291596261771\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.626220703125,\n              51.37092307114478\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.61798095703122,\n              51.35291596261771\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.55618286132812,\n              51.36149165915505\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.52459716796872,\n              51.372637664637566\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.55755615234375,\n              51.38892310050487\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.58914184570312,\n              51.386352101119364\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.59463500976562,\n              51.41291212935532\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.6166076660156,\n              51.415481636209535\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.6330871582031,\n              51.40691605170516\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.66329956054685,\n              51.41034247807634\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.71823120117188,\n              51.393207778477134\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.72097778320312,\n              51.40006242865378\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.6976318359375,\n              51.411199044550045\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.70175170898438,\n              51.42233294843331\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.73745727539062,\n              51.414625149971805\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.76492309570312,\n              51.415481636209535\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.76217651367188,\n              51.425758219437846\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.77728271484375,\n              51.42832700421254\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.77316284179685,\n              51.440312757160115\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.80337524414062,\n              51.45229536554372\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.80474853515622,\n              51.472829664858644\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.83770751953125,\n              51.47026338272035\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.867919921875,\n              51.48223813101211\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.89263916015625,\n              51.48822432632349\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.90911865234375,\n              51.50019435946635\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.9228515625,\n              51.50190410761811\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.94207763671875,\n              51.52925135518991\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.95443725585938,\n              51.52668824818813\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.97503662109372,\n              51.536085601784755\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.97915649414062,\n              51.54718906424884\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.99700927734375,\n              51.55487448974971\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.00799560546872,\n              51.570241445811234\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.0066223144531,\n              51.58560320916062\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.03408813476562,\n              51.59242899291177\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.04644775390625,\n              51.58304327584645\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.0601806640625,\n              51.58304327584645\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.06704711914062,\n              51.58986944418806\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.08078002929688,\n              51.59242899291177\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.07666015625,\n              51.6120474088444\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.13433837890625,\n              51.62824753375085\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.14944458007812,\n              51.62227973953069\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.15768432617188,\n              51.631657349449995\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.17141723632812,\n              51.62824753375085\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.1920166015625,\n              51.63932849768234\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.21536254882812,\n              51.63677159243599\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.22360229492188,\n              51.63250976332741\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.24008178710935,\n              51.65211086156918\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.26480102539062,\n              51.63847621195153\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.27853393554688,\n              51.645294049305406\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.31149291992188,\n              51.65125881609385\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.33071899414062,\n              51.66574141105715\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.37466430664062,\n              51.66914840783795\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.3966369628906,\n              51.645294049305406\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.38290405273438,\n              51.62227973953069\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.34719848632812,\n              51.61119461048402\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.307373046875,\n              51.59242899291177\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.27716064453125,\n              51.58389660297626\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.24557495117188,\n              51.581336573511145\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.22222900390625,\n              51.56255861691012\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballance, W. C.","contributorId":98315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballance","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gard, L. M.","contributorId":91507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gard","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70205599,"text":"70205599 - 1971 - Ground water in the Aden sector of Southern Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-26T15:30:10","indexId":"70205599","displayToPublicDate":"1971-09-26T15:28:04","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground water in the Aden sector of Southern Arabia","docAbstract":"<p><span>A reconnaissance of parts of the former West Aden Protectorate enables a characterization of the dominant hydrologic elements to be made. In this desert environment intermittent streams from the east‐west range of mountains provide considerable water for flood irrigation and groundwater recharge of alluvial fans along the Gulf of Aden. High yield wells are developed in the coastal area and in at least one alluvial area on the back slope facing the Empty Quarter. Ground water in the interior is generally restricted to areas where wadi flow provides occasional recharge. Relatively few rock wells have been drilled in the area. Many wells in the alluvium yield silty water leading to clogging of the wells and undue pump wear.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03542.x","usgsCitation":"Cedarstrom, D., 1971, Ground water in the Aden sector of Southern Arabia: Ground Water, v. 9, no. 2, p. 29-34, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03542.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":367742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cedarstrom, D.J.","contributorId":102127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cedarstrom","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227138,"text":"70227138 - 1971 - Evolution of thought on ore controls in east Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-30T19:00:10.551504","indexId":"70227138","displayToPublicDate":"1971-08-01T12:51:51","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of thought on ore controls in east Tennessee","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>All early students of the zinc and barite deposits of East Tennessee, noting the geographic coincidence of the principal mining area with complex late Paleozoic geologic structure, concluded that (1) the ore-bearing breccias were produced by Appalachian tectonic forces and that (2) mineralizing solutions gained access through fault-produced channelways. In 1931, Ulrich suggested that the breccias were produced by collapse and fragmentation resulting from solution of the carbonate rocks. This idea was promptly rejected by most geologists, and for the next 15 years nearly all papers on these deposits contained refutations of Ulrich's hypothesis and \"proof\" of the late Paleozoic tectonic origin of the breccias. Recognition by Odell in 1950 of a spatial association between thinning of the lime-stone zone of the Kingsport Formation and the presence of ore bodies, plus the observation that all identifiable blocks in the breccias were displaced downward as much as 30 to 50 feet, led him to suggest that foundering of the rocks over solution-thinned zones produced the breccias. Hydrothermal fluids, rather than ordinary ground water, were thought to be the dissolving agent.Kendall, in 1960, described a stratified \"varved\" matrix with detrital sphalerite grains in many breccias at Jefferson City, in which lamination is parallel to bedding of the host Kingsport Formation, indicating that both brecciation and mineralization occurred while the rocks were horizontal. Ruskell about 1960 pointed out the similarity between cross sections of southwest Wisconsin ore bodies and those of East Tennessee when the latter were rotated to a horizontal position. Detailed studies of the post-Knox unconformity led to recognition of a paleokarst topography of considerable relief developed on this surface. Regional stratigraphic studies of the Knox Group by Harris demonstrated the probability of pre-Middle Ordovician exposure of the Kingsport somewhere to the north or northwest, providing a recharge area for ground waters at that time. Detailed mapping of ore bodies, barren areas, and related structures by the mining-company geologists, plus application of the principles of ground-water hydrology and rock mechanics, has led to the theory, generally accepted in the district, of solution-collapse origin of the breccias, probably during Ordovician time.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.5.696","usgsCitation":"Laurence, R.A., 1971, Evolution of thought on ore controls in east Tennessee: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 5, p. 696-700, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.5.696.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"696","endPage":"700","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.6109619140625,\n              34.9895035675793\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3145751953125,\n              34.9805024453652\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2816162109375,\n              35.205233347514536\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2266845703125,\n              35.25459097465022\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.166259765625,\n              35.22767235493586\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0399169921875,\n              35.25459097465022\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.9959716796875,\n              35.34425514918409\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.990478515625,\n              35.43381992014202\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7872314453125,\n              35.54116627999815\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.64990234375,\n              35.55904339525896\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.5125732421875,\n              35.55010533588552\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.3038330078125,\n              35.634976650677295\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.111572265625,\n              35.7688006602384\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.9742431640625,\n              35.77325759103725\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.891845703125,\n              35.8356283888737\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.891845703125,\n              35.93354064249312\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8204345703125,\n              35.88459964717596\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7874755859375,\n              35.93798832265393\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6226806640625,\n              36.04021586880111\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.64465332031249,\n              35.97356075349624\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5787353515625,\n              35.94243575255426\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.452392578125,\n              35.98245135784044\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3699951171875,\n              36.089060460282006\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.2052001953125,\n              36.14231087352999\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.1337890625,\n              36.09349937380574\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.0404052734375,\n              36.11125252076156\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.837158203125,\n              36.328402729422656\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.7218017578125,\n              36.35052700542763\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6558837890625,\n              36.619936625629215\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.91955566406249,\n              36.63316209558658\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9415283203125,\n              36.59788913307022\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2706298828125,\n              36.59347887826919\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.6109619140625,\n              34.9895035675793\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laurence, Robert A.","contributorId":34981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laurence","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207070,"text":"70207070 - 1971 - A geochemical hypothesis for dolomitization by ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T07:15:36","indexId":"70207070","displayToPublicDate":"1971-08-01T10:47:17","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geochemical hypothesis for dolomitization by ground water","docAbstract":"<p>Most modern disordered dolomite has been found in dynamic environments. However, solutions associated with modern dolomite formation do not have a common Mg/Ca ratio; the ratio ranges from about 3 to 100. Ground-water circulation may have a significant role in formation of regional dolomites; one of the primary requirements for regional dolomite formation is a large supply of magnesium ions. An X-ray study of well cuttings from the Tertiary limestone aquifer of central Florida indicates that it is composed primarily of calcite and dolomite with minor amounts of quartz and apatite. The magnesium content of the calcite is slightly lower (0-2 percent MgC03) in the recharge areas than in the deeper confined parts of the aquifer system (2-4 percent MgC03). Our data support other recent work and indicate an equilibrium constant for dolomite of 2 X 10-17. Inasmuch as this value is exactly the square of the calcite equilibrium constant (10~8-35), the Mg/Ca ratio must be unity for the three-phase equilibrium, calcite-dolomite-water. The Mg/Ca ratio in water from the aquifer is as low as 0.05 in the recharge area where the water is also undersaturated with respect to both calcite and dolomite. With time and length of travel path in the system, the water increases systematically in Mg/Ca ratio, which approaches unity; saturation with respect to the two carbonates also increases downgradient until the solution apparently becomes over-saturated with respect to both carbonates. In Tertiary limestones of the Yucatan Peninsula, the Mg/Ca range in water is similar to that for Florida. The small amount of magnesium available from the solution of magnesium calcites and dolomite in the potable zone of active circulation is insufficient to provide the amount required for extensive dolomitization unless enormous quantities of rock are available for dissolution. However, dolomite may be forming in the zones of brackish water that underlie the Florida and Yucatan Peninsulas. The required magnesium may be derived from the readily available ocean water or reflux brines as the hydrologic regimen is changed because of relative fluctuations of sea level.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.5.710","issn":" 03610128","usgsCitation":"Hanshaw, B., Back, W., and Deike, R., 1971, A geochemical hypothesis for dolomitization by ground water: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 5, p. 710-724, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.5.710.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"710","endPage":"724","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States ","state":"Florida ","otherGeospatial":"Yucatan ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-82.821585,27.964443],[-82.829801,27.968469],[-82.823063,28.044758],[-82.836326,28.073193],[-82.830525,28.085293],[-82.826125,28.083793],[-82.813435,28.03716],[-82.815168,28.012547],[-82.821755,28.002494],[-82.815168,27.973721],[-82.821585,27.964443]]],[[[-81.582923,24.658732],[-81.562917,24.692912],[-81.535323,24.67954],[-81.51898,24.687818],[-81.5124,24.703737],[-81.476642,24.711244],[-81.469275,24.704286],[-81.459043,24.707355],[-81.451881,24.714518],[-81.456588,24.740097],[-81.451267,24.747464],[-81.432032,24.722908],[-81.421595,24.737641],[-81.430599,24.747259],[-81.425483,24.752989],[-81.392947,24.743371],[-81.38558,24.726182],[-81.36041,24.708788],[-81.319282,24.701238],[-81.309664,24.665017],[-81.298028,24.656774],[-81.332831,24.639528],[-81.395096,24.621062],[-81.401946,24.623564],[-81.403319,24.640294],[-81.414187,24.647167],[-81.448623,24.640172],[-81.470411,24.641985],[-81.480951,24.645121],[-81.47641,24.653197],[-81.480504,24.659757],[-81.49858,24.66498],[-81.505585,24.654609],[-81.511165,24.625135],[-81.54645,24.614895],[-81.602998,24.586444],[-81.664209,24.573143],[-81.685278,24.558739],[-81.81289,24.546468],[-81.814446,24.56358],[-81.811386,24.56975],[-81.800676,24.570989],[-81.794057,24.586],[-81.739241,24.589973],[-81.730473,24.58196],[-81.705364,24.597647],[-81.687017,24.592534],[-81.655735,24.616295],[-81.637087,24.621408],[-81.614829,24.642764],[-81.614529,24.650584],[-81.582923,24.658732]]],[[[-82.15068,24.576331],[-82.143075,24.593395],[-82.125268,24.597426],[-82.104187,24.588256],[-82.099417,24.572522],[-82.116787,24.549144],[-82.159439,24.548212],[-82.165206,24.552159],[-82.164426,24.563375],[-82.15068,24.576331]]],[[[-81.249799,24.673357],[-81.243232,24.673998],[-81.244761,24.669202],[-81.281778,24.65375],[-81.260006,24.674848],[-81.249799,24.673357]]],[[[-80.909954,24.781154],[-80.906288,24.769867],[-80.912042,24.76505],[-80.938543,24.767535],[-81.015933,24.719881],[-81.023794,24.716901],[-81.032447,24.727323],[-81.064554,24.715453],[-81.075855,24.704266],[-81.078439,24.692382],[-81.108041,24.688592],[-81.125371,24.708291],[-81.066816,24.723926],[-81.041797,24.742965],[-81.016918,24.734676],[-80.960129,24.764226],[-80.909954,24.781154]]],[[[-81.317673,24.75729],[-81.305468,24.756612],[-81.290801,24.736862],[-81.288259,24.720881],[-81.302984,24.714199],[-81.310744,24.727068],[-81.326844,24.728375],[-81.357417,24.756834],[-81.342695,24.75625],[-81.324637,24.76721],[-81.317673,24.75729]]],[[[-80.89054,24.791678],[-80.884572,24.791561],[-80.906874,24.783744],[-80.89054,24.791678]]],[[[-80.788263,24.824218],[-80.796053,24.81194],[-80.822342,24.812629],[-80.850338,24.8026],[-80.79278,24.843918],[-80.780564,24.84052],[-80.788263,24.824218]]],[[[-80.729275,24.865361],[-80.719977,24.864644],[-80.691762,24.885759],[-80.690354,24.881539],[-80.71185,24.863323],[-80.766966,24.836158],[-80.729275,24.865361]]],[[[-84.777208,29.707398],[-84.729836,29.738881],[-84.696726,29.76993],[-84.694939,29.761844],[-84.713747,29.74139],[-84.776954,29.692191],[-84.884632,29.652248],[-84.957779,29.612635],[-85.051033,29.586928],[-85.097082,29.625215],[-85.023501,29.597073],[-85.017205,29.604379],[-84.968314,29.617238],[-84.920333,29.648638],[-84.813352,29.687028],[-84.777208,29.707398]]],[[[-85.156415,29.679628],[-85.114268,29.688658],[-85.093902,29.684838],[-85.077237,29.670862],[-85.097218,29.633004],[-85.124913,29.628433],[-85.18453,29.663987],[-85.222546,29.678039],[-85.184776,29.68271],[-85.156415,29.679628]]],[[[-82.255777,26.703437],[-82.255159,26.70816],[-82.246535,26.706435],[-82.24251,26.694361],[-82.246535,26.683437],[-82.218342,26.626407],[-82.214337,26.602944],[-82.177541,26.502328],[-82.166042,26.489679],[-82.149368,26.477605],[-82.120046,26.473581],[-82.088423,26.455182],[-82.076924,26.466106],[-82.062551,26.470131],[-82.038403,26.456907],[-82.013913,26.452058],[-82.063114,26.425459],[-82.082915,26.422059],[-82.126671,26.436279],[-82.177017,26.471558],[-82.186441,26.489221],[-82.205523,26.566536],[-82.222131,26.590402],[-82.238872,26.636433],[-82.268007,26.682791],[-82.264351,26.698496],[-82.255777,26.703437]]],[[[-80.250581,25.34193],[-80.351399,25.190615],[-80.349855,25.168825],[-80.377084,25.130487],[-80.399767,25.108536],[-80.428318,25.095547],[-80.443375,25.076084],[-80.47387,25.060253],[-80.493881,25.038502],[-80.48912,25.031301],[-80.494781,25.023019],[-80.537995,24.990244],[-80.565831,24.958155],[-80.611693,24.93842],[-80.635571,24.913003],[-80.659395,24.897433],[-80.660198,24.90498],[-80.641306,24.914311],[-80.623866,24.931236],[-80.621658,24.944265],[-80.581131,24.964738],[-80.570813,24.962215],[-80.558785,24.971505],[-80.54411,24.999916],[-80.545971,25.01477],[-80.524498,25.016945],[-80.509136,25.028317],[-80.495569,25.047497],[-80.460652,25.078904],[-80.465496,25.086609],[-80.494715,25.102269],[-80.484188,25.10943],[-80.47748,25.107407],[-80.476174,25.099454],[-80.450399,25.088751],[-80.433575,25.106317],[-80.446473,25.151287],[-80.41326,25.137053],[-80.395467,25.150694],[-80.387164,25.170859],[-80.391909,25.19221],[-80.369965,25.206444],[-80.3498,25.210595],[-80.337345,25.231353],[-80.336159,25.261601],[-80.368186,25.282359],[-80.339421,25.290069],[-80.328746,25.28651],[-80.292567,25.314385],[-80.275961,25.344039],[-80.256982,25.361239],[-80.246307,25.398603],[-80.21428,25.416988],[-80.192336,25.473331],[-80.188778,25.50773],[-80.174544,25.518406],[-80.173951,25.482821],[-80.184033,25.468587],[-80.204198,25.412244],[-80.221991,25.397417],[-80.240376,25.347005],[-80.250581,25.34193]]],[[[-83.309455,30.634417],[-82.214839,30.568591],[-82.231916,30.55627],[-82.23582,30.537187],[-82.226933,30.510281],[-82.201416,30.485164],[-82.210291,30.42459],[-82.19294,30.378779],[-82.165192,30.358035],[-82.104834,30.368319],[-82.094687,30.360781],[-82.068533,30.359184],[-82.050069,30.362338],[-82.036825,30.377884],[-82.04199,30.403266],[-82.034005,30.422357],[-82.037209,30.434518],[-82.017779,30.475081],[-82.018361,30.531184],[-82.005477,30.563495],[-82.015708,30.601704],[-82.026941,30.606153],[-82.028499,30.621829],[-82.049507,30.655548],[-82.050432,30.676266],[-82.036426,30.706585],[-82.043795,30.729641],[-82.039634,30.747727],[-82.01266,30.761289],[-82.024035,30.783156],[-82.017051,30.791657],[-82.007865,30.792937],[-81.981273,30.776767],[-81.973856,30.778487],[-81.962534,30.796526],[-81.962175,30.818001],[-81.949787,30.827493],[-81.910926,30.815889],[-81.89572,30.821098],[-81.868608,30.792754],[-81.852626,30.794439],[-81.842058,30.78712],[-81.808529,30.790014],[-81.792769,30.784432],[-81.782653,30.769937],[-81.763372,30.77382],[-81.719927,30.744634],[-81.694778,30.748414],[-81.688925,30.741434],[-81.672824,30.738935],[-81.664598,30.746599],[-81.652123,30.742435],[-81.65177,30.732284],[-81.646137,30.727591],[-81.625098,30.733017],[-81.617663,30.722046],[-81.609495,30.720705],[-81.601206,30.728141],[-81.542675,30.713593],[-81.530531,30.722858],[-81.489537,30.7261],[-81.472597,30.713312],[-81.444124,30.709714],[-81.42742,30.69802],[-81.443099,30.600938],[-81.442564,30.555189],[-81.434064,30.522569],[-81.447087,30.503679],[-81.440108,30.497678],[-81.42601,30.496739],[-81.410809,30.482039],[-81.407008,30.42204],[-81.397422,30.400626],[-81.396407,30.34004],[-81.385505,30.273841],[-81.308978,29.96944],[-81.295268,29.928614],[-81.270442,29.883106],[-81.256711,29.784693],[-81.240924,29.739218],[-81.163581,29.55529],[-80.966176,29.14796],[-80.709725,28.756692],[-80.574868,28.585166],[-80.560973,28.530736],[-80.525094,28.459454],[-80.526732,28.451705],[-80.562877,28.437779],[-80.587813,28.410856],[-80.606874,28.336484],[-80.604214,28.257733],[-80.589975,28.17799],[-80.566432,28.09563],[-80.508871,27.970477],[-80.383695,27.740045],[-80.350553,27.628361],[-80.330956,27.597541],[-80.311757,27.524625],[-80.30117,27.500314],[-80.293171,27.500314],[-80.253665,27.37979],[-80.16147,27.192814],[-80.153375,27.169308],[-80.159554,27.163325],[-80.093909,27.018587],[-80.031362,26.796339],[-80.03212,26.77153],[-80.037462,26.76634],[-80.032862,26.700842],[-80.038863,26.569347],[-80.060564,26.444652],[-80.079865,26.264358],[-80.089365,26.231859],[-80.108995,26.088372],[-80.117778,25.986369],[-80.119684,25.841043],[-80.127987,25.772245],[-80.144,25.740812],[-80.154972,25.66549],[-80.160903,25.664897],[-80.176916,25.685062],[-80.166241,25.72895],[-80.184626,25.745557],[-80.197674,25.74437],[-80.240376,25.724206],[-80.267065,25.651849],[-80.296719,25.622195],[-80.305615,25.593134],[-80.302057,25.567632],[-80.313918,25.539164],[-80.328746,25.53264],[-80.339421,25.499427],[-80.337049,25.465621],[-80.328152,25.443084],[-80.320442,25.437153],[-80.326373,25.422919],[-80.32578,25.39801],[-80.306801,25.384369],[-80.31036,25.3731],[-80.335269,25.338701],[-80.374116,25.31735],[-80.418872,25.235532],[-80.495341,25.199463],[-80.569124,25.190117],[-80.669236,25.137837],[-80.777499,25.135047],[-80.82653,25.160478],[-80.838227,25.174791],[-80.858167,25.176576],[-80.899459,25.162337],[-80.900559,25.139755],[-80.970727,25.134084],[-80.999176,25.124222],[-81.049308,25.128322],[-81.079859,25.118797],[-81.141024,25.163868],[-81.146737,25.193139],[-81.171265,25.221609],[-81.16207,25.289833],[-81.148915,25.318067],[-81.151916,25.324766],[-81.140099,25.341117],[-81.12141,25.33875],[-81.117265,25.354953],[-81.128492,25.380511],[-81.150508,25.387255],[-81.146765,25.407577],[-81.168652,25.463848],[-81.208201,25.504937],[-81.204389,25.538908],[-81.209321,25.548611],[-81.225557,25.55847],[-81.240519,25.599041],[-81.240677,25.613629],[-81.253951,25.638181],[-81.290328,25.687506],[-81.328935,25.717233],[-81.346078,25.721473],[-81.343984,25.747668],[-81.361875,25.772715],[-81.340406,25.786631],[-81.352731,25.822015],[-81.386127,25.839906],[-81.394476,25.851834],[-81.417536,25.864954],[-81.441391,25.863761],[-81.458487,25.868929],[-81.473992,25.888411],[-81.508979,25.884037],[-81.511762,25.89676],[-81.527665,25.901531],[-81.584519,25.888808],[-81.644553,25.897953],[-81.663821,25.885605],[-81.678287,25.845301],[-81.68954,25.85271],[-81.713172,25.897568],[-81.727086,25.907207],[-81.73195,25.931506],[-81.749724,25.960463],[-81.747834,25.994273],[-81.762439,26.00607],[-81.801663,26.088227],[-81.820675,26.236735],[-81.833142,26.294518],[-81.868983,26.378648],[-81.91171,26.427158],[-81.964212,26.457957],[-81.969509,26.476505],[-82.008961,26.484052],[-82.01368,26.490829],[-82.00908,26.505203],[-82.024604,26.512677],[-82.043577,26.519577],[-82.06715,26.513252],[-82.07175,26.492554],[-82.105672,26.48393],[-82.111996,26.54085],[-82.137869,26.637441],[-82.181565,26.681712],[-82.17984,26.696661],[-82.173516,26.701836],[-82.139019,26.702986],[-82.125795,26.699536],[-82.106247,26.667339],[-82.099922,26.662739],[-82.093023,26.665614],[-82.084974,26.702411],[-82.066575,26.742657],[-82.061401,26.789228],[-82.055076,26.802452],[-82.059101,26.876621],[-82.090723,26.888694],[-82.093023,26.906518],[-82.090148,26.923191],[-82.061976,26.931241],[-82.063126,26.950214],[-82.076349,26.958263],[-82.107972,26.957688],[-82.117171,26.954239],[-82.137294,26.926066],[-82.162017,26.925491],[-82.175241,26.916867],[-82.156267,26.851898],[-82.147068,26.789803],[-82.151093,26.783479],[-82.172941,26.778879],[-82.17869,26.772555],[-82.221812,26.77198],[-82.232193,26.78288],[-82.251134,26.755881],[-82.259867,26.717398],[-82.269499,26.784674],[-82.289086,26.827784],[-82.351649,26.908384],[-82.445718,27.060634],[-82.477019,27.141231],[-82.539719,27.254326],[-82.569754,27.279452],[-82.569248,27.298588],[-82.597629,27.335754],[-82.642821,27.38972],[-82.691821,27.437218],[-82.714521,27.500415],[-82.745748,27.538834],[-82.708121,27.523514],[-82.710621,27.501715],[-82.706821,27.498415],[-82.686421,27.497215],[-82.683621,27.513115],[-82.674621,27.519614],[-82.65072,27.523115],[-82.632053,27.551908],[-82.612019,27.571231],[-82.611717,27.585283],[-82.584629,27.596021],[-82.570607,27.608882],[-82.558538,27.638678],[-82.514265,27.705588],[-82.494891,27.718963],[-82.477638,27.723004],[-82.482305,27.742649],[-82.434635,27.764355],[-82.418401,27.803187],[-82.402857,27.812671],[-82.393383,27.837519],[-82.402615,27.882602],[-82.413915,27.901401],[-82.451591,27.907506],[-82.460016,27.9116],[-82.462078,27.920066],[-82.478063,27.92768],[-82.491117,27.9145],[-82.488057,27.863566],[-82.46884,27.843295],[-82.47244,27.822559],[-82.511193,27.828015],[-82.553946,27.848462],[-82.552918,27.862702],[-82.538618,27.864901],[-82.529918,27.877501],[-82.542818,27.890601],[-82.531318,27.9039],[-82.533718,27.932999],[-82.553918,27.966998],[-82.576003,27.969424],[-82.62959,27.998474],[-82.678606,27.993715],[-82.684793,27.971824],[-82.720522,27.955798],[-82.724122,27.948098],[-82.720395,27.937199],[-82.710022,27.928299],[-82.691621,27.924899],[-82.685121,27.916299],[-82.628063,27.910397],[-82.63422,27.9037],[-82.63212,27.8911],[-82.61002,27.873501],[-82.567919,27.883701],[-82.566819,27.858002],[-82.598443,27.857582],[-82.586519,27.816703],[-82.622723,27.779868],[-82.63052,27.753905],[-82.62572,27.727006],[-82.63362,27.710607],[-82.652521,27.700307],[-82.677321,27.706207],[-82.679019,27.696054],[-82.713629,27.698661],[-82.718822,27.692007],[-82.721622,27.663908],[-82.712555,27.646647],[-82.698091,27.638858],[-82.705017,27.62531],[-82.733076,27.612972],[-82.739122,27.636909],[-82.738022,27.706807],[-82.746223,27.731306],[-82.760923,27.745205],[-82.783124,27.783804],[-82.828561,27.822254],[-82.846526,27.854301],[-82.851126,27.8863],[-82.840882,27.937162],[-82.831388,27.962117],[-82.824875,27.960201],[-82.821975,27.956868],[-82.838484,27.909111],[-82.832155,27.909242],[-82.805462,27.960201],[-82.792635,28.01116],[-82.792635,28.032307],[-82.782724,28.055894],[-82.781324,28.127591],[-82.790724,28.15249],[-82.808474,28.154803],[-82.805097,28.172181],[-82.797762,28.187789],[-82.762643,28.219013],[-82.764103,28.244345],[-82.759072,28.25402],[-82.746188,28.261192],[-82.732792,28.291933],[-82.73146,28.325075],[-82.706112,28.368057],[-82.706322,28.401325],[-82.697433,28.420166],[-82.684137,28.428019],[-82.674787,28.441956],[-82.680396,28.457194],[-82.665055,28.484434],[-82.669416,28.519879],[-82.656694,28.544814],[-82.66165,28.554143],[-82.654138,28.590837],[-82.664055,28.606584],[-82.674665,28.647588],[-82.668889,28.694302],[-82.712373,28.720921],[-82.698281,28.75701],[-82.730245,28.850155],[-82.688864,28.905609],[-82.702618,28.932955],[-82.723861,28.953506],[-82.735754,28.973709],[-82.737872,28.995703],[-82.758906,28.993277],[-82.764055,28.999707],[-82.753513,29.026496],[-82.759704,29.054192],[-82.783328,29.064619],[-82.780558,29.07358],[-82.816925,29.076215],[-82.823659,29.098902],[-82.801166,29.105103],[-82.799117,29.110647],[-82.805703,29.129848],[-82.804736,29.146624],[-82.827073,29.158425],[-82.974676,29.17091],[-82.991653,29.180664],[-83.018212,29.151417],[-83.019071,29.141324],[-83.030453,29.134023],[-83.053207,29.130839],[-83.056867,29.146263],[-83.068249,29.153135],[-83.061162,29.176113],[-83.087839,29.21642],[-83.074734,29.247975],[-83.077265,29.255331],[-83.089013,29.266502],[-83.107477,29.268889],[-83.128027,29.282733],[-83.169576,29.290355],[-83.17826,29.327916],[-83.175518,29.34469],[-83.200702,29.373855],[-83.202446,29.394422],[-83.218075,29.420492],[-83.240509,29.433178],[-83.272019,29.432256],[-83.294747,29.437923],[-83.311546,29.475666],[-83.33113,29.475594],[-83.356722,29.499901],[-83.370288,29.499901],[-83.379254,29.503558],[-83.383973,29.512995],[-83.400252,29.517242],[-83.405256,29.578319],[-83.39948,29.612956],[-83.414701,29.670536],[-83.436259,29.677389],[-83.455356,29.676444],[-83.483143,29.690478],[-83.483567,29.698542],[-83.493728,29.708388],[-83.537645,29.72306],[-83.566018,29.761434],[-83.584716,29.77608],[-83.585899,29.811754],[-83.595493,29.827984],[-83.618568,29.842336],[-83.63798,29.886073],[-83.679219,29.918513],[-83.788729,29.976982],[-83.82869,29.983187],[-83.845427,29.998068],[-83.93151,30.039068],[-83.931879,30.044175],[-83.991607,30.08392],[-84.000716,30.096209],[-84.024274,30.103271],[-84.06299,30.101378],[-84.083057,30.092286],[-84.10273,30.093611],[-84.11384,30.085478],[-84.124889,30.090601],[-84.167881,30.071422],[-84.179149,30.073187],[-84.19853,30.087937],[-84.237014,30.08556],[-84.247491,30.10114],[-84.256439,30.103791],[-84.272511,30.092358],[-84.270792,30.068094],[-84.277168,30.060263],[-84.297836,30.057451],[-84.315344,30.069492],[-84.358923,30.058224],[-84.365882,30.024588],[-84.361962,29.987739],[-84.3477,29.984123],[-84.343041,29.9751],[-84.333746,29.923721],[-84.343389,29.899539],[-84.349066,29.896812],[-84.378937,29.893112],[-84.423834,29.902996],[-84.443652,29.913785],[-84.451705,29.929085],[-84.494562,29.913957],[-84.511996,29.916574],[-84.535873,29.910092],[-84.603303,29.876117],[-84.647958,29.847104],[-84.65645,29.834277],[-84.692053,29.829059],[-84.755595,29.78854],[-84.868271,29.742454],[-84.881777,29.733882],[-84.888031,29.722406],[-84.901781,29.735723],[-84.877111,29.772888],[-84.893992,29.785176],[-84.90413,29.786279],[-84.91511,29.783303],[-84.93837,29.750211],[-84.964007,29.742422],[-84.968841,29.72708],[-84.993264,29.714961],[-85.037212,29.711074],[-85.072123,29.719027],[-85.121473,29.715854],[-85.177284,29.700193],[-85.22745,29.693633],[-85.259719,29.681296],[-85.319215,29.681494],[-85.343619,29.672004],[-85.347711,29.66719],[-85.344768,29.654793],[-85.380303,29.698485],[-85.397871,29.740498],[-85.413983,29.799865],[-85.417971,29.828855],[-85.413575,29.85294],[-85.405815,29.865817],[-85.392469,29.870914],[-85.405011,29.830151],[-85.405907,29.80193],[-85.37796,29.709621],[-85.353885,29.684765],[-85.317661,29.691286],[-85.31139,29.697557],[-85.302591,29.808094],[-85.31142,29.814373],[-85.317464,29.838894],[-85.336654,29.849295],[-85.363731,29.898915],[-85.405052,29.938487],[-85.425956,29.949888],[-85.487764,29.961227],[-85.509148,29.971466],[-85.571907,30.02644],[-85.588242,30.055543],[-85.601178,30.056342],[-85.69681,30.09689],[-85.775405,30.15629],[-85.9226,30.238024],[-86.089963,30.303569],[-86.222561,30.343585],[-86.2987,30.363049],[-86.412076,30.380346],[-86.50615,30.3823],[-86.632953,30.396299],[-86.750906,30.391881],[-86.909679,30.372423],[-87.206254,30.320943],[-87.267827,30.31548],[-87.295422,30.323503],[-87.518324,30.280435],[-87.452378,30.300201],[-87.450078,30.3111],[-87.50278,30.307301],[-87.504701,30.324039],[-87.49998,30.328957],[-87.459978,30.3363],[-87.452278,30.344099],[-87.451878,30.364999],[-87.438678,30.380798],[-87.440678,30.391498],[-87.429578,30.406498],[-87.403477,30.410198],[-87.366591,30.436648],[-87.370768,30.446865],[-87.399877,30.450997],[-87.425078,30.465596],[-87.434678,30.479196],[-87.431178,30.495795],[-87.447702,30.510458],[-87.446586,30.527068],[-87.43544,30.54914],[-87.418647,30.561837],[-87.406558,30.599928],[-87.397308,30.608728],[-87.393588,30.63088],[-87.397262,30.654351],[-87.406958,30.675165],[-87.449362,30.698913],[-87.466338,30.700835],[-87.481225,30.716508],[-87.502317,30.72159],[-87.511729,30.733535],[-87.532607,30.743489],[-87.545044,30.778666],[-87.581869,30.812403],[-87.600486,30.820627],[-87.605776,30.831304],[-87.615923,30.834693],[-87.634938,30.865886],[-87.592055,30.951492],[-87.589187,30.964464],[-87.599172,30.995722],[-87.571281,30.99787],[-85.998643,30.99287],[-85.002368,31.000682],[-85.004026,30.973468],[-84.980127,30.961286],[-84.983627,30.936986],[-84.971026,30.928187],[-84.936828,30.884683],[-84.935256,30.854328],[-84.928335,30.844263],[-84.936042,30.820671],[-84.928323,30.79309],[-84.918023,30.77809],[-84.920123,30.76599],[-84.914322,30.753591],[-84.896122,30.750591],[-84.864693,30.711542],[-83.309455,30.634417]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Florida\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"66","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanshaw, B.B.","contributorId":25928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deike, R.G.","contributorId":63953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deike","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70227411,"text":"70227411 - 1971 - Erosion and sedimentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-13T21:00:32.937487","indexId":"70227411","displayToPublicDate":"1971-06-01T14:55:06","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosion and sedimentation","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Research activities in erosion and sedimentation processes have expanded broadly during the past several years and have kept pace with generally accelerated developments in all phases of hydrology and water resources investigations.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO052i006pIU292","usgsCitation":"Nordin, C.F., 1971, Erosion and sedimentation: Eos Science News, v. 52, no. 6, p. 292-295, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO052i006pIU292.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"295","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordin, Carl F. Jr.","contributorId":74751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordin","given":"Carl","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227437,"text":"70227437 - 1971 - Water levels in carbonate rock terranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T18:41:31.740883","indexId":"70227437","displayToPublicDate":"1971-05-01T12:37:36","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water levels in carbonate rock terranes","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Many subtle aspects of water levels in carbonate rocks need to be put in perspective even though hydrologists have recognized the fundamental value of characteristics of ground-water levels. The depth to the water table in carbonate rocks is controlled by local factors such as permeability and topography and by the regional factor of climate; both permeability and topography are dynamically developed according to the degree of preferential circulation of subsurface water and of solution of the rock, and the water table responds by lying deep beneath hilly permeable karstlands and shallow beneath flat and poorly permeable carbonate rocks. The uneven distribution of permeability and of topographic conditions is responsible for the intriguing karst phenomena of disappearing and reappearing surface streams. Great infiltration capacities of some karst regions result in large local fluctuations of the water table and in some cases to local reversals in direction of ground-water flow between wet and dry seasons. Water-level behavior in space and time is a primary consideration for interpreting the hydrology of carbonate terranes.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03544.x","usgsCitation":"LeGrand, H.E., and Stringfield, V.T., 1971, Water levels in carbonate rock terranes: Groundwater, v. 9, no. 3, p. 4-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03544.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeGrand, H. E.","contributorId":54571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeGrand","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stringfield, V. T.","contributorId":72369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stringfield","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227408,"text":"70227408 - 1971 - Groundwater Recharge Conference Reading, England September 21-24, 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T14:38:27.308829","indexId":"70227408","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:19:03","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater Recharge Conference Reading, England September 21-24, 1970","docAbstract":"<div id=\"article__content\" class=\"col-sm-12 col-md-8 col-lg-8 article__content article-row-left\"><div class=\"article__body \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>An international Conference on Artificial Groundwater Recharge was held at the University of Reading, Whiteknights Park, Reading, Berkshire, England, sponsored by the Water Research Association, Medmenham, Marlow, Buckinghamshire. One hundred sixty-one delegates, representing 20 countries, registered. Five excellent tours were made available for them, to such installations as: the Hydraulics Research Station and Institute of Hydrology, Weilingford, Berkshire; the Metropolitan Water Board, Ashford Common Works, Sunbury-on-Thames; the Water Pollution Research Laboratory, Stevenage; and the Water Research Association, Medmenham, and Water Resources Board, Reading, Berkshire.</p></div></div></div>","conferenceTitle":"Groundwater Recharge Conference","conferenceDate":"September 21-24, 1970","conferenceLocation":"Reading, England","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO052i001p00026-01","usgsCitation":"Sniegocki, R.T., 1971, Groundwater Recharge Conference Reading, England September 21-24, 1970: Eos Science News, v. 52, no. 1, p. 26-26, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO052i001p00026-01.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sniegocki, Richard T.","contributorId":67068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sniegocki","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70271733,"text":"70271733 - 1971 - Water resources of the Coamo area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-22T19:42:27.140657","indexId":"70271733","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T11:17:07","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources of the Coamo area, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p>This study, like other similar studies, was made possible by a cooperative water-resources program between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Puerto Rico Water Resources Authority (at the time), representing also the Puerto Rico Aqueduct &amp; Sewer Authority and the Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company.</p><p>This report covers the hydrologic investigation made in 1967 in the Coamo area, on the south coast of Puerto Rico. The purpose of the investigation was to make a preliminary, intensive reconnaissance of the water resources of the area. Emphasis was on the Coamo fan, which is essentially coextensive with the coastal plain.</p><p>The scope of the investigation covered the collection, analysis, and interpretation of hydrologic data so as to arrive at a linkage between how much, where, and what type of water is available in relation to the water needs of the area (largely for irrigation).</p><p>This report is based in good part on the field work of Ralph Gonzalez, hydrologic assistant for the project, who installed and maintained in working order most of the recording instruments and collected most of the field data. We acknowledge the cooperation of Luce &amp; Company, owner or user of most of the water wells in the area. Its personnel guided us to their wells and provided invaluable records on well yield and rainfall.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70271733","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico","usgsCitation":"Giusti, E.V., 1971, Water resources of the Coamo area, Puerto Rico, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70271733.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495869,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70271733/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":495868,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70271733/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Puerto Rico","city":"Coamo","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.41782863900221,\n              18.61812040597721\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.41782863900221,\n              17.80333089063508\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.56416750050371,\n              17.80333089063508\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.56416750050371,\n              18.61812040597721\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.41782863900221,\n              18.61812040597721\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giusti, Ennio V.","contributorId":35301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giusti","given":"Ennio","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":949219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227163,"text":"70227163 - 1971 - Comments on An unconventional approach to flood frequency analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-31T15:57:48.947164","indexId":"70227163","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T09:53:42","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5334,"text":"International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin ","onlineIssn":"2150-3435","printIssn":"0262-6667","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comments on An unconventional approach to flood frequency analysis","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626667109493053","usgsCitation":"Benson, M.A., 1971, Comments on An unconventional approach to flood frequency analysis: International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin , v. 16, no. 2, p. 91-91, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667109493053.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"91","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667109493053","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":393722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Manuel A.","contributorId":41405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Manuel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185639,"text":"70185639 - 1971 - Hydrogeochemical effects of injecting wastes into a limestone aquifer near Pensacola, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:21:37","indexId":"70185639","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeochemical effects of injecting wastes into a limestone aquifer near Pensacola, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Acidic industrial wastes have been injected into deep wells in a limestone aquifer near Pensacola, Florida, since 1963. Prior geohydrologic studies in the area had indicated that the limestone aquifer contained nonpotable water and was overlain by an extensive clay confining layer.</p><p>Two injection wells are presently being used to inject the waste at a rate of approximately 2,000 gallons per minute. The injection pressures are about 200 pounds per square inch. Over 3 billion gallons have been injected. Data from a current study indicate that the waste may extend outward about 1 mile from the injection wells, and pressure effects may extend outward more than 25 miles. Monitor wells show that pressure changes are following a predictable pattern. No wastes have been detected in a monitor well open to the Floridan aquifer immediately above the Bucatunna Clay Member of the Byram Formation and 100 feet from one of the injection wells.</p><p>A monitor well open to the receiving formation was constructed about 1,300 feet south of the injection wells. Geochemical effects of the wastes were detected at this well about 10 months after injection began. In early 1968, the pH of the waste was lowered to about 3. Effects of this waste, which included a large increase in calcium, were detected at the monitor well about 5 months later.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03526.x","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., 1971, Hydrogeochemical effects of injecting wastes into a limestone aquifer near Pensacola, Florida: Groundwater, v. 9, no. 1, p. 13-19, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03526.x.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"13","endPage":"19","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Pensacola ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.2314453125,\n              30.334953881988564\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.98974609375,\n              30.334953881988564\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.98974609375,\n              30.619004797647808\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.2314453125,\n              30.619004797647808\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.2314453125,\n              30.334953881988564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63043e4b05ec799131137","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045420,"text":"70045420 - 1971 - Hydrology of Pine Creek, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-13T12:02:17","indexId":"70045420","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Hydrology of Pine Creek, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this study was to determine the hydrologic characteristics of Pine Creek, Price County, Wisconsin, in order to evaluate a proposed reservoir on Pine Creek. The streamflow characteristics estimated are the mean flows, low flows, and flood peaks. The study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70045420","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Gebert, W.A., 1971, Hydrology of Pine Creek, Wisconsin: Open-File Report, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70045420.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272730,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045420/report.pdf"},{"id":270943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045420/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Price County","otherGeospatial":"Pine Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.7034683227539,\n              45.90529985724796\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.7034683227539,\n              45.990521605233766\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.61420440673828,\n              45.990521605233766\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.61420440673828,\n              45.90529985724796\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.7034683227539,\n              45.90529985724796\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d216be4b0411d430a8a21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gebert, Warren A. wagebert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"Warren","email":"wagebert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000329,"text":"1000329 - 1971 - Seasonal distribution of zooplankton in the northern basin of Lake Chad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T13:47:52","indexId":"1000329","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2515,"text":"Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal distribution of zooplankton in the northern basin of Lake Chad","docAbstract":"<p>More than 300 pairs of fine and coarse mesh plankton net samples were collected in the northern basin of Lake Chad during an 18-month period, June 1967 to November 1968. The seasonal distribution and abundance of the dominant species of Rotifera and Crustacea are given in addition to a general description of the hydrology and circulation of the northern basin of the lake. The composition and abundance of the zooplankton varied considerably over the sampling period; a generalized seasonal cycle is suggested. Synoptic estimates of absolute abundance are presented and compared to those in the southeastern portion of the lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-7998.1971.tb04523.x","usgsCitation":"Robinson, A., and Robinson, P.K., 1971, Seasonal distribution of zooplankton in the northern basin of Lake Chad: Journal of Zoology, v. 163, no. 1, p. 25-61, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1971.tb04523.x.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"163","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc3bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, A.H.","contributorId":35270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Patricia K.","contributorId":76273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178856,"text":"70178856 - 1970 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of Grouse Creek valley, Box Elder County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T13:07:22","indexId":"70178856","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"29","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of Grouse Creek valley, Box Elder County, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>This report is the seventh in a series by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, which describes water resources of the western basins of Utah. Its purpose is to present available hydrologic data on Grouse Creek valley, to provide an evaluation of the potential water-resource development of the valley, and to identify studies that would help provide a better understanding of the valley's water supply</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","usgsCitation":"Hood, J.W., and Price, D., 1970, Hydrologic reconnaissance of Grouse Creek valley, Box Elder County, Utah: Technical Publication 29, v, 54 p.","productDescription":"v, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331791,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-4-630"},{"id":331790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w920008r.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Box Elder County","otherGeospatial":"Grouse Creek Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.14108276367188,\n              41.20242295382758\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.14108276367188,\n              41.9196507151163\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.64532470703125,\n              41.9196507151163\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.64532470703125,\n              41.20242295382758\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.14108276367188,\n              41.20242295382758\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0e3e4b077fc20250e34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hood, J. W.","contributorId":87908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Don","contributorId":30608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178849,"text":"70178849 - 1970 - Hydrology reconnaissance of the Sink Valley area, Tooele and Box Elder Counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T11:04:56","indexId":"70178849","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"26","title":"Hydrology reconnaissance of the Sink Valley area, Tooele and Box Elder Counties, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>This is the sixth in a series of reports by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, which describe the water resources of selected basins in western Utah. Areas covered by previously published reports in this series are shown in figure 1 and are listed on page 29. The purpose of this report is to present available hydrologic data on the Sink Valley (Puddle Valley) area, to provide an evaluation of the potential for water-resource development in the area, and to serve as a basis for planning possible later detailed investigations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","usgsCitation":"Price, D., and Bolke, E., 1970, Hydrology reconnaissance of the Sink Valley area, Tooele and Box Elder Counties, Utah: Technical Publication 26, v, 34 p.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331778,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-4-570"},{"id":331777,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w920008o.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Box Elder County, Tooele County","otherGeospatial":"Sink Valley (Puddle Valley)","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.7197265625,\n              40.96330795307353\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.763671875,\n              41.071069130806414\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.82409667968749,\n              41.24064190269475\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8900146484375,\n              41.24064190269475\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.115234375,\n              41.04621681452063\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.2086181640625,\n              40.90936126702326\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.25256347656249,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.302001953125,\n              40.522150985623796\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.060302734375,\n              40.463666324587685\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.69775390625,\n              40.643135583312805\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.7197265625,\n              40.96330795307353\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0e3e4b077fc20250e3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Don","contributorId":30608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178851,"text":"70178851 - 1970 - Water resources of the Heber-Kamas-Park City area north-central Utah, with a section on a gravity and aeromagnetic survey of Heber and Rhodes Valleys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T12:50:25","indexId":"70178851","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"27","title":"Water resources of the Heber-Kamas-Park City area north-central Utah, with a section on a gravity and aeromagnetic survey of Heber and Rhodes Valleys","docAbstract":"<p>This report on the water resources of the Heber-Kamas-Park City area was prepared by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights. The primary purpose of the report is to provide the Division of Water Rights with the basic hydrologic information needed for the effective administration of water rights in the area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","usgsCitation":"Baker, C.H., and Peterson, D.L., 1970, Water resources of the Heber-Kamas-Park City area north-central Utah, with a section on a gravity and aeromagnetic survey of Heber and Rhodes Valleys: Technical Publication 27, iv, 79 p.","productDescription":"iv, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"91","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-4-580"},{"id":331782,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w920008p.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Summit County, Wasatch County","geographicExtents":" {\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.87377929687499,\n              41.11660732012896\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.79412841796875,\n              40.74517613004631\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.79412841796875,\n              40.49500373230525\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.57714843749999,\n              40.27533480732468\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2750244140625,\n              40.18097176388719\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9893798828125,\n              40.34654412118006\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              40.474113752478836\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8575439453125,\n              40.58475654701271\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.84381103515624,\n              40.74101426921151\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8795166015625,\n              40.871987756697415\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0443115234375,\n              41.00477542222947\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.21734619140625,\n              41.151774298444984\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.5277099609375,\n              41.19725651800892\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.67053222656249,\n              41.1290213474951\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.87377929687499,\n              41.11660732012896\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0e3e4b077fc20250e38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Claud H. Jr.","contributorId":53413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Claud","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, D. L.","contributorId":36484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178852,"text":"70178852 - 1970 - Ground-water conditions in southern Utah Valley and Goshen Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T11:59:16","indexId":"70178852","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"28","title":"Ground-water conditions in southern Utah Valley and Goshen Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The investigation of ground-water conditions in southern Utah Valley and Goshen Valley, Utah, was made by the U. S. Geological Survey as part of a cooperative program with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, to investigate the water resources of the State. The purposes of the investigation were to (1) determine the occurrence, recharge, discharge, movement, storage, chemical quality, and availability of ground water; (2) appraise the effects of increased withdrawal of water from wells; and (3) evaluate the effect of the Central Utah Project on the ground-water reservoir and the water supply of Utah Lake.</p><p>This report presents a description of the aquifer system in the two valleys, a detailed description of the ground-water resources, and conclusions about potential development and its effect on the hydrologic conditions in the valleys. Two supplementary reports are products of the investigation. A basic-data release (Cordova, 1969) contains most of the basic data collected for the investigation, including well characteristics, drillers' logs, water levels, pumpage from wells, chemical analyses of ground and surface waters, and discharge of selected springs, drains, and streams. An interpretive report (Cordova and Mower, 1967) contains the results of a large-scale aquifer test in southern Utah Valley.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","usgsCitation":"Cordova, R., 1970, Ground-water conditions in southern Utah Valley and Goshen Valley, Utah: Technical Publication 28, vii, 79 p.","productDescription":"vii, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"92","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331784,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-4-600"},{"id":331785,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w920008q.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Utah County","otherGeospatial":"Southern Utah Valley, Goshen Valley","geographicExtents":" {\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.13470458984375,\n              39.80853604144591\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.13470458984375,\n              40.474113752478836\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4892578125,\n              40.474113752478836\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4892578125,\n              39.80853604144591\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.13470458984375,\n              39.80853604144591\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0e3e4b077fc20250e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordova, R.M.","contributorId":77511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70157474,"text":"70157474 - 1970 - Field trip guidebook to the hydrogeology of the Rock-Fox River basin of Southeastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T19:40:33","indexId":"70157474","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-11T13:15:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5596,"text":"Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey Information Circular","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"17","title":"Field trip guidebook to the hydrogeology of the Rock-Fox River basin of Southeastern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>On this trip we will examine some hydrogeologic characteristics of glacial features and emphasize ground-water management within the Rock-Fox River basin. Field stops will include the hydrogeology of a classical glacial terrane--the Kettle moraine--and the management of ground-water resources for industrial, municipal, agricultural, and fish-culture purposes. Descriptions of the geology, soils, water availability and characteristics, water quality, water use, and water problems within the basin are given in the accompanying U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas (HA-360). This atlas is a product of the cooperative program of University Extension--the University of Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey for the Annual Meeting of THE Geological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Holt, C.L., Cotter, R.D., Green, J.H., and Olcott, P.G., 1970, Field trip guidebook to the hydrogeology of the Rock-Fox River basin of Southeastern Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey Information Circular 17, 47 p.","productDescription":"47 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350398,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wgnhs.uwex.edu/pubs/download_ic17/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.6209716796875,\n              42.38898005764399\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6209716796875,\n              43.33916248737743\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.73406982421875,\n              43.33916248737743\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.73406982421875,\n              42.38898005764399\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6209716796875,\n              42.38898005764399\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051ebee4b058f706e512be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holt, C. L. R. Jr.","contributorId":102131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holt","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cotter, R. D.","contributorId":89874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cotter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, J. H.","contributorId":43312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olcott, P. G.","contributorId":79903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olcott","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047884,"text":"70047884 - 1970 - A hydrologic analysis of the New Jersey Pine Barrens region","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56049,"text":"ofr70274 - 1970 - A hydrologic analysis of the New Jersey Pine Barrens region","indexId":"ofr70274","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"A hydrologic analysis of the New Jersey Pine Barrens region"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047884,"text":"70047884 - 1970 - A hydrologic analysis of the New Jersey Pine Barrens region","indexId":"70047884","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"A hydrologic analysis of the New Jersey Pine Barrens region"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T18:26:30","indexId":"70047884","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T16:03:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":149,"text":"New Jersey Division of Water Policy and Supply Water Resources Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"22","title":"A hydrologic analysis of the New Jersey Pine Barrens region","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Policy and Supply","usgsCitation":"Rhodehamel, E.C., 1970, A hydrologic analysis of the New Jersey Pine Barrens region: New Jersey Division of Water Policy and Supply Water Resources Circular 22, iv, 34 p.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Pine Barrens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5598,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,41.3574 ], [ -73.9024,41.3574 ], [ -73.9024,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,38.9286 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521f1be1e4b0f8bf2b0760c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhodehamel, Edward C.","contributorId":38135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodehamel","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047882,"text":"70047882 - 1970 - Statistical summaries of New Jersey streamflow records","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56018,"text":"ofr70195 - 1970 - Statistical summaries of New Jersey streamflow record","indexId":"ofr70195","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Statistical summaries of New Jersey streamflow record"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047882,"text":"70047882 - 1970 - Statistical summaries of New Jersey streamflow records","indexId":"70047882","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Statistical summaries of New Jersey streamflow records"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T18:27:49","indexId":"70047882","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T15:55:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":149,"text":"New Jersey Division of Water Policy and Supply Water Resources Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"23","title":"Statistical summaries of New Jersey streamflow records","docAbstract":"<p>In 1961 the U.S. Geological Survey prepared a report which was published by the State of New Jersey as Water Resources Circular 6, \"New Jersey Streamflow Records analyzed with Electronic Computer\" by Miller and McCall. Basic discharge data for periods of record through 1958 were analyzed for 59 stream-gaging stations in New Jersey and flow-duration, low-flow, and high-flow tables were presented.</p><p>The purpose of the current report is to update and expand Circular 6 by presenting, with a few meaningful statistics and tables, the bulk of the information that may be obtained from the mass of streamflow records available. The records for 79 of approximately 110 stream-gaging stations presently or previously operated in New Jersey, plus records for three stations in Pennsylvania, and one in New York are presented in summarized form. In addition to inclusing a great number of stations in this report, more years of record and more tables are listed for each station. A description of the station, three arrangements of data summarizing the daily flow records and one table listing statistics of the monthly mean flows are provided. No data representing instantaneous extreme flows are given. Plotting positions for the three types of curves describing the characteristics of daily discharge are listed for each station. Statistical parameters are also presented so that alternate curves may be drawn.</p><p>All stations included in this report have 5 or more years of record. The data presented herein are based on observed flow past the gaging station. For any station where the observed flow is affected by regulation or diversion, a \"Remarks\" paragraph, explaining the possible effect on the data, is included in the station description.</p><p>Since any streamflow record is a sample in time, the data derived from these records can provide only a guide to expected future flows. For this reason the flow records are analyzed by statistical techniques, and the magnitude of sampling errors should be recognized.</p><p>These analyzed data will be useful to a large number of municipal, state, and federal agencies, industries, utilities, engineers, and hydrologists concerned with the availability, conservation, control, and use of surface waters. The tabulated data and curves illustrated herein can be used to select sites for water supplies, to determine flood or drought storage requirements, and to appraise the adequacy of flows for dilution of wastes or generation of power. The statistical values presented herein can be used in computer programs available in many universities, Federal and State agencies, and engineering firms for a broad spectrum of research and other studies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the State of New Jersey, Deptartment of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Policy and Supply","usgsCitation":"Laskowski, S.L., 1970, Statistical summaries of New Jersey streamflow records: New Jersey Division of Water Policy and Supply Water Resources Circular 23, iii, 264 p.","productDescription":"iii, 264 p.","numberOfPages":"271","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290106,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047882/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.9024,38.9286 ], [ -73.9024,41.3574 ], [ -75.5598,41.3574 ], [ -75.5598,38.9286 ], [ -73.9024,38.9286 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521f1bede4b0f8bf2b07617b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laskowski, Stanley L.","contributorId":85827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laskowski","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038247,"text":"70038247 - 1970 - Hydrogeologic data for the lower Housatonic River basin, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-09T12:39:42","indexId":"70038247","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-22T15:28:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":108,"text":"Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"20","title":"Hydrogeologic data for the lower Housatonic River basin, Connecticut","docAbstract":"This report contains hydrologic and geologic data collected for an investigation of the lower Housatonic River basin by the U.S. Geological Survey in financial cooperation with the Connecticut Water Resources Commission. The report also summarizes data that are available in other publications. The towns within the 557 square mile area of the basin in western Connecticut include all of Beacon Falls, Middlebury, Naugatuck, Oxford, Seymour, Thomaston, Waterbury, Watertown, and Woodbury; and parts of Ansonia, Bethany, Bethlehem, Bristol, Burlington, Cheshire, Derby, Easton, Goshen, Narwinton, Litchfield, Milford, Monroe, Morris, New Hartford, Newtown, Norfolk, Orange, Plymouth, Prospect, Roxbury, Shelton, Southbury, Stratford, Torrington, Trumbull, Washington, Winchester, Wolcott, and Woodbridge. The factual information on the following pages was the basis for a companion interpretive report, Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin No. 19 (Wilson, W. E., and others, in preparation, 1970). The basic-data report can be used alone for detailed information needed in planning water resources development at specific sites or it can be used to supplement the interpretive report.\nData were collected for this investigation from 1965 to 1967. Water\nlevels measured in wells as part of this investigation were published in\nConnecticut Water Resources Bulletin No. 7 (Meikle and Baker, 1965) and No. 13\n(Meikle, 1967) with water-level data from other wells throughout the State.\nPublications containing relevant ground-water information are listed on page\nthose concerned with streamflow are on page 5 and those on quality of water,\nare on page 6.\nThe locations of sites at which data were collected are shown on plate A\nin the back pocket of this report. Data presented here were collected by the\nU.S. Geological Survey unless otherwise noted.","language":"English","publisher":"Connecticut Water Resources Commission","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Connecticut Water Resource Commission","usgsCitation":"Grossman, I., and Wilson, W.E., 1970, Hydrogeologic data for the lower Housatonic River basin, Connecticut: Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin 20, Report: 50 p.; 3 Plates: 28.80 x 46.56 inches and smaller.","productDescription":"Report: 50 p.; 3 Plates: 28.80 x 46.56 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"55","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":258807,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ctwrb/0020/report.pdf","size":"2300","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ctwrb/0020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":285988,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038247/plate-a-3.pdf"},{"id":285986,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038247/plate-a-1.pdf"},{"id":285987,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038247/plate-a-2.pdf"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Housatonic River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.258333,41.5 ], [ -73.258333,41.883333 ], [ -72.916667,41.883333 ], [ -72.916667,41.5 ], [ -73.258333,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a33b6e4b0c8380cd5f1dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, I.G.","contributorId":52574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, William E.","contributorId":46478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2512,"text":"wsp1888 - 1970 - Hydrology of the Upper Malad River basin, southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T13:44:23","indexId":"wsp1888","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1888","title":"Hydrology of the Upper Malad River basin, southeastern Idaho","docAbstract":"The report area comprises 485 square miles in the Basin and Range physiographic province. It includes most of eastern' Oneida County and parts of Franklin, Bannock, and Power Counties of southeastern Idaho. Relief is about 5,000 feet; the floor of the Malad Valley is at an average altitude of about 4,400 feet. Agriculture is, by far, ,the principal economic .activity. In 1960 the population of the upper Malad River basin was about 3,600, of which about 60 percent resided in Malad City, the county seat of Oneida County. \n\n<p>The climate is semiarid throughout the Malad Valley and its principal tributary valleys; ,above 6,500 feet the climate is subhumid. Annual precipitation ranges from about 13 inches in the lower Malad Valley to more than 30 inches on the highest peaks of the Bannock and Malad ranges. Owing to ,the normally clear atmospheric conditions, large daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations are common. Topography, distance from the Pacific Ocean, .and the general atmospheric circulation are the principal factors governing the climate of the Malad River basin. The westerlies transport moisture from the P.acific Ocean toward southeastern Idaho. The north-south tren4ing mountains flanking the basin are oriented orthogonally to the moisture flux so that they are very effective in removing precipitable water from the air. A minimum uplift of 6,000 feet is required to transport moisture from the Pacific source region; accordingly, most air masses are desiccated long before they reach the Malad basin. Heaviest precipitation is generally associated with steep pressure gradients in the midtroposphere that are so oriented as to cause a deep landward penetration of moisture from the Pacific Ocean.</p> \n\n<p>Annual water yields in the project area range from about 0.8 inch in the, lower Malad Valley to more than 19 inches on the high peaks north and east of Malad City. The mean annual water yield for the entire basin is 4 inches, or about 115,000 acre-feet. Evaporation is greatest in July when about 7 inches is lost from lakes, reservoirs, and waterlogged areas; losses from free-water surfaces may be as much .as 38 inches annually.</p> \n\n<p>An extensive ground-water reservoir consisting of sand and gravel interbedded with relatively impermeable beds of silt .and clay underlies much of the Malad Valley. Wells near the center of the valley exceeding 700 feet in depth do not reach bedrock. The Woodruff fault, which transects the constricted lower Malad Valley, is one of the main factors creating artesian conditions south of the latitude of Malad City. Recharge is obtained principally from mountain runoff which flows onto highly permeable alluvial fans surrounding the valley and from streams that flow across the valley floor. On the basis of a water balance analysis, under flow from the project area was estimated to be 28,000 acre-feet annually, surface-water outflow was 51,000 acre-feet, and transbasin imports were about 4,000 acre-feet.</p> \n\n<p>The principal tributaries of the Malad River are perennial along their upper and middle reaches and have well-sustained low flows. During the growing season, all surface water entering the Malad Valley is used for irrigation. Spine irrigation is practiced in the principal tributary valleys; however, a shortage of suitable reservoir sites has hampered surface-water development in these areas. The highly porous deposits underlying the Malad Valley tend to attenuate flood peaks. An unusual combination of meteorologic events early in 1962 effectively counteracted the high absorptive capacity of the valley and predisposed the basin to high flood risk. Subsequent rapid snowmelt combined with frozen ground produced the extraordinary flood of February 12, 1962.</p> \n\n<p>Calcium and bicarbonate commonly are the most abundant ions in the surface waters of the upper Malad River basin. In August 1967, the dissolved-solids content of streamflow ranged from 200 to 350 milligrams per liter in the middle and upper parts of the basin; however, much greater values were measured in the Malad River between Woddruff and Cherry Creek Lane. With the exception of that reach, the surface water of the project area is suitable for irrigating all but the most sensitive crops.</p>\n\n<p>The total water yield is not sufficient to meet all the water needs of the basin. A comprehensive water-management plan is required to ensure optimal use of the water resource.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1888","usgsCitation":"Pluhowski, E.J., 1970, Hydrology of the Upper Malad River basin, southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1888, v, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1888.","productDescription":"v, 89 p.","numberOfPages":"94","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1888/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28673,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1888/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Upper Malad River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pluhowski, Edward J.","contributorId":87911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pluhowski","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":127,"text":"wsp1971 - 1970 - Methods and applications of electrical simulation in ground-water studies in the lower Arkansas and Verdigris River Valleys, Arkansas and Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp1971","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1971","title":"Methods and applications of electrical simulation in ground-water studies in the lower Arkansas and Verdigris River Valleys, Arkansas and Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The Arkansas River Multiple-Purpose Plan will provide year-round navigation on the Arkansas River from near its mouth to Muskogee, Okla., and on the Verdigris River from Muskogee to Catoosa, Okla. The altered regimen in the Arkansas and Verdigris Rivers will affect ground-water conditions in the adjacent alluvial aquifers. In 1957 the U.S. Geological Survey \r\n\r\nand U.S. Army Corps of Engineers entered into a cooperative agreement for a comprehensive ground-water study of the lower Arkansas and Verdigris River valleys. At the request of the Corps of Engineers, the Geological Survey agreed to provide (1) basic ground-water data before, during, and after construction of the Multiple-Purpose Plan and (2) interpretation and projections of postconstruction ground-water conditions. The data collected were used by the Corps of Engineers in preliminary foundation and excavation estimates and by the Geological Survey as the basis for defining the hydrologic properties of, and the ground-water conditions in, the aquifer. The projections of postconstruction ground-water conditions were used by the Corps of Engineers in the planning, design, construction, and operation of the Multiple-Purpose Plan. \r\n\r\nAnalysis and projections of ground-water conditions were made by use of electrical analog models. These models use the analogy between the flow of electricity in a resistance-capacitance circuit and the flow of a liquid in a porous and permeable medium.\r\n\r\nVerification provides a test of the validity of the analog to perform as the aquifer would, within the range of historic forces. The verification process consists of simulating the action of historic forces which have acted upon the aquifer and of duplicating the aquifer response with the analog. The areal distribution of accretion can be treated as an unknown and can be determined by analog simulation of the piezometric surface in an aquifer. Comparison of accretion with depth to piezometric surface below land surface shows that accretion decreases with decreasing depth to water level. The decrease in accretion is attributed mostly to the increase in evapotranspiration from the aquifer, and where water levels are very near the land surface, to the rejection of recharge. The maximum accretion and the decrease in accretion with the decrease in depth to water are dependent upon the climate and the thickness and lithology of the fine-grained material overlying the aquifer. \r\n\r\nDams on the Arkansas and Verdigris Rivers will impose a direct change in water levels in the aquifers adjacent to the rivers. This change will be attenuated by the resultant change in accretion to the aquifer. The analogs of aquifers in the valleys were used to determine the change in ground-water level from preconstruction to postconstruction conditions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1971","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., Reed, J., Wells, C., and Swafford, B., 1970, Methods and applications of electrical simulation in ground-water studies in the lower Arkansas and Verdigris River Valleys, Arkansas and Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1971, vi, 71 p. :illus., maps (4 fold. in pocket) ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1971.","productDescription":"vi, 71 p. :illus., maps (4 fold. in pocket) ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1971/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24734,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1971/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24735,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1971/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24736,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1971/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24737,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1971/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24738,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1971/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a01b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, J.E.","contributorId":41801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, C.J.","contributorId":80242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swafford, B.F.","contributorId":38528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swafford","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22805,"text":"ofr7093 - 1970 - Water resources in the Big Lost River Basin, south-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-19T10:42:50","indexId":"ofr7093","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-93","title":"Water resources in the Big Lost River Basin, south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"The Big Lost River basin occupies about 1,400 square miles in south-central Idaho and drains to the Snake River Plain. The economy in the area is based on irrigation agriculture and stockraising. The basin is underlain by a diverse-assemblage of rocks which range, in age from Precambrian to Holocene. The assemblage is divided into five groups on the basis of their hydrologic characteristics. Carbonate rocks, noncarbonate rocks, cemented alluvial deposits, unconsolidated alluvial deposits, and basalt. The principal aquifer is unconsolidated alluvial fill that is several thousand feet thick in the main valley. The carbonate rocks are the major bedrock aquifer. They absorb a significant amount of precipitation and, in places, are very permeable as evidenced by large springs discharging from or near exposures of carbonate rocks. Only the alluvium, carbonate rock and locally the basalt yield significant amounts of water. \n\nA total of about 67,000 acres is irrigated with water diverted from the Big Lost River. The annual flow of the river is highly variable and water-supply deficiencies are common. About 1 out of every 2 years is considered a drought year. In the period 1955-68, about 175 irrigation wells were drilled to provide a supplemental water supply to land irrigated from the canal system and to irrigate an additional 8,500 acres of new land.\n\nAverage. annual precipitation ranged from 8 inches on the valley floor to about 50 inches at some higher elevations during the base period 1944-68. The estimated water yield of the Big Lost River basin averaged 650 cfs (cubic feet per second) for the base period. Of this amount, 150 cfs was transpired by crops, 75 cfs left the basin as streamflow, and 425 cfs left as ground-water flow. A map of precipitation and estimated values of evapotranspiration were used to construct a water-yield map. \n\nA distinctive feature of the Big Lost River basin, is the large interchange of water from surface streams into the ground and from the ground into the surface streams. Large quantities of water disappear in the Chilly, Darlington, and other sinks and reappear above Mackay Narrows, above Moore Canal heading, and in other reaches. A cumulative summary of water yield upstream from selected points in the basin is as follows :\n\nAbove Howell Ranch: water yield: 345 cfs; surface water: 310 cfs; ground water: 35 cfs\n\nAbove. Mackay Narrows water yield: 450 cfs; surface water: 325 cfs; ground water: 75 cfs; crop evapotranspiration: 50 cfs\n\nAbove Arco: water yield: 650 cfs; surface water: 75 cfs; ground water: 425 cfs; crop evapotranspiration: 150 cfs\n\nGround-water pumping affects streamflow in reaches , where the stream and water table are continuous, but the effects of pumping were not measured except locally. Pumping depletes the total water supply by the. amount of the pumped water that is evapotranspired by crops. The part of the pumped water that is not consumed percolates into the ground or runs off over the land surface to the stream. The estimated 425 cfs that leaves the basin as ground-water flow is more than adequate for present and foreseeable needs. However because much of the outflow occurs at considerable depth, the quantity that is salvageable is unknown.\n\nBoth the surface and ground waters are of good quality and are suitable for most uses. Although these waters are low in total dissolved solids, they tend to be hard or very hard.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7093","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Crosthwaite, E., Thomas, C., and Dyer, K., 1970, Water resources in the Big Lost River Basin, south-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-93, vi, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7093.","productDescription":"vi, 109 p.","numberOfPages":"122","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0093/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52236,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Big Lost River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.112216,43.516533 ], [ -113.112216,44.096 ], [ -114.119915,44.096 ], [ -114.119915,43.516533 ], [ -113.112216,43.516533 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f09e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crosthwaite, E. G.","contributorId":83098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosthwaite","given":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, C.A.","contributorId":14385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyer, K.L.","contributorId":100011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyer","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1670,"text":"wsp1984 - 1970 - Hydrologic effects of floodwater-retarding structures on Garza-Little Elm Reservoir, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T20:01:38.704886","indexId":"wsp1984","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1984","title":"Hydrologic effects of floodwater-retarding structures on Garza-Little Elm Reservoir, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Texas District of the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey has collected and analyzed hydrologic data since 1953 to define the effects of systems of floodwater-retarding structures on downstream water and sediment yield. The district project includes 11 study areas ranging from 18 to 80 square miles in size and from 0 to 67 in percent of study area controlled by floodwaterretarding structures. The 11 study areas are within that part of Texas where the west-to-east average annual runoff ranges from about 2 to 7 inches. This report presents results of analyses, development of methodolgy, and results of application of methods for defining the downstream effects of systems of floodwaterretarding structures.</p>\n<p>Annual inflow to and outflow from the system of floodwater-retarding reservoirs in seven of the 11 study areas were found to be related by the equation: O=0.98/ 0.68, where O is annual outflow, in inches, and / is annual net inflow, in inches. Transmission loss of structure outflow to the downstream study-area stream-gaging station was determined and compared with the transmission loss of natural flood flow between tandem stream-gaging stations on Denton Creek, a tributary to Elm Fork Trinity River above Dallas.</p>\n<p>Trap efficiency of most floodwater-retarding structures was found by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service to be about 97 percent. Downstream increases in suspended-sediment concentration in the outflow were found to be large in a study area with mostly silt and clay sediments, but even a large increase in suspendedsediment concentration did not represent a significant quantitative pickup of sediment by the outflow water.</p>\n<p>Water consumption in floodwater-retarding reservoirs from the combined actions of evaporation, evapotranspiration, and seepage was found to be as much as twice the average annual consumption attributable to evaporation alone. Average annual consumption in reservoirs in the seven study areas analyzed ranged from 1.57 inches of equivalent runoff in the easternmost study area, where annual runoff averaged 6.96 inches, to 0.77 inch of equivalent runoff in the westernmost study area, where the average annual runoff was 2.35 inches. The effect of consumption on downstream flow is partially offset by rainfall on pool surface. Studies covering as much as 15 years of streamflow record at the stream-gaging&nbsp;stations that gage outflow from the Deep and Honey Creek study areas indicated no increase in base flow.</p>\n<p>Multiple-linear-regression techniques were used in developing methodology to determine reservoir consumption in seven study areas. The physical and climatic fnctors influencing consumption were grouped as variables in regard to their relative effect on the actions of evaporation, evapotranspiration, and seepage. The resulting generalized equation was then used in synthesizing the consumptive effects of a planned system of 162 floodwater-retarding reservoirs controlling 26 percent of a 1,660-square-mile drainage basin upstream from a major water-supply reservoir. The analyses were based on the assumption that all water consumed at the floodwater-retarding reservoirs would have reached the downstream watersupply reservoir. Water-sediment discharge relationships were derived for the runoff into the structures as well as for the runoff through and below the structures. A mathematical response model of the floodwater-retarding reservoir systems and the entire drainage basin was computer programed to yield monthly water and sediment inflow to the water-supply reservoir.</p>\n<p>Results of the response model showed that with full development, depletion of annual yield to the large reservoir would be as much as 10 percent in the early years; but after the permanent pools of the floodwater-retarding structures had mostly filled with sediment, depletion of annual yield would be generally less than 1 percent. The depletion of yield to Garza-Little Elm Reservoir during the 39-year synthesized period of study was estimated as 296,800 acre-feet out of 18,256,000 acre-feet total yield. During the same period, the floodwater-retarding structures were estimated to have kept 19,700 acre-feet of sediment from being deposited in the reservoir.</p>\n<p>\"Firm\"- or \"critical\"-yield studies were made of the large reservoir on the basis of two sets of conditions : with floodwater-retarding structures in the drainage basin, and without such structures. Results of the firm-yield studies indicated that with full development, annual firm yield would be initially reduced by 10 percent. After 30 or more years, when the permanent pools of the floodwaterretarding reservoirs would be mostly filled with sediment, the firm yield would be almost the same with or without the upstream development.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1984","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, C.R., and Sauer, S.P., 1970, Hydrologic effects of floodwater-retarding structures on Garza-Little Elm Reservoir, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1984, Report: vii, 95 p.; 3 Plates: 39.48 x 33.34 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1984.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 95 p.; 3 Plates: 39.48 x 33.34 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414124,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25366.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":94719,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94718,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138233,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26745,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94717,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1984/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Garza-Little Elm Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.775,\n              33.083\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.775,\n              33.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.617,\n              33.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.617,\n              33.083\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.775,\n              33.083\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60703b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, Clarence R.","contributorId":30965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Clarence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, Stanley P.","contributorId":38966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}