{"pageNumber":"611","pageRowStart":"15250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":69035,"records":[{"id":70041493,"text":"70041493 - 2013 - Predicting the planform configuration of the braided Toklat River, AK with a suite of rule-based models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T12:54:44","indexId":"70041493","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-30T12:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the planform configuration of the braided Toklat River, AK with a suite of rule-based models","docAbstract":"An ensemble of rule-based models was constructed to assess possible future braided river planform configurations for the Toklat River in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. This approach combined an analysis of large-scale influences on stability with several reduced-complexity models to produce the predictions at a practical level for managers concerned about the persistence of bank erosion while acknowledging the great uncertainty in any landscape prediction. First, a model of confluence angles reproduced observed angles of a major confluence, but showed limited susceptibility to a major rearrangement of the channel planform downstream. Second, a probabilistic map of channel locations was created with a two-parameter channel avulsion model. The predicted channel belt location was concentrated in the same area as the current channel belt. Finally, a suite of valley-scale channel and braid plain characteristics were extracted from a light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived surface. The characteristics demonstrated large-scale stabilizing topographic influences on channel planform. The combination of independent analyses increased confidence in the conclusion that the Toklat River braided planform is a dynamically stable system due to large and persistent valley-scale influences, and that a range of avulsive perturbations are likely to result in a relatively unchanged planform configuration in the short term.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12029","usgsCitation":"Podolak, C.J., 2013, Predicting the planform configuration of the braided Toklat River, AK with a suite of rule-based models: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 49, no. 2, p. 390-401, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12029.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"390","endPage":"401","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-036147","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275583,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275581,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111 ⁄ jawr.12029"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Toklat River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150.3167,63.4145 ], [ -150.3167,64.4558 ], [ -149.8318,64.4558 ], [ -149.8318,63.4145 ], [ -150.3167,63.4145 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8d25ae4b0cecbe8fa9834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Podolak, Charles J.","contributorId":52849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podolak","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042300,"text":"70042300 - 2013 - Environmental and physical controls on northern terrestrial methane emissions across permafrost zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T11:52:11","indexId":"70042300","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-30T11:48:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental and physical controls on northern terrestrial methane emissions across permafrost zones","docAbstract":"Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from the northern high-latitude region represent potentially significant biogeochemical feedbacks to the climate system. We compiled a database of growing-season CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from terrestrial ecosystems located across permafrost zones, including 303 sites described in 65 studies. Data on environmental and physical variables, including permafrost conditions, were used to assess controls on CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. Water table position, soil temperature, and vegetation composition strongly influenced emissions and had interacting effects. Sites with a dense sedge cover had higher emissions than other sites at comparable water table positions, and this was an effect that was more pronounced at low soil temperatures. Sensitivity analysis suggested that CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from ecosystems where the water table on average is at or above the soil surface (wet tundra, fen underlain by permafrost, and littoral ecosystems) are more sensitive to variability in soil temperature than drier ecosystems (palsa dry tundra, bog, and fen), whereas the latter ecosystems conversely are relatively more sensitive to changes of the water table position. Sites with near-surface permafrost had lower CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes than sites without permafrost at comparable water table positions, a difference that was explained by lower soil temperatures. Neither the active layer depth nor the organic soil layer depth was related to CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. Permafrost thaw in lowland regions is often associated with increased soil moisture, higher soil temperatures, and increased sedge cover. In our database, lowland thermokarst sites generally had higher emissions than adjacent sites with intact permafrost, but emissions from thermokarst sites were not statistically higher than emissions from permafrost-free sites with comparable environmental conditions. Overall, these results suggest that future changes to terrestrial high-latitude CH<sub>4</sub> emissions will be more proximately related to changes in moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation composition than to increased availability of organic matter following permafrost thaw.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12071","usgsCitation":"Olefeldt, D., Turetsky, M.R., Crill, P.M., and McGuire, A., 2013, Environmental and physical controls on northern terrestrial methane emissions across permafrost zones: Global Change Biology, v. 19, no. 2, p. 589-603, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12071.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"603","ipdsId":"IP-042133","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275572,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12071"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8d256e4b0cecbe8fa9810","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olefeldt, David","contributorId":37622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olefeldt","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turetsky, Merritt R.","contributorId":80980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"Merritt","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crill, Patrick M.","contributorId":96567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crill","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. David","contributorId":18494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70007167,"text":"70007167 - 2013 - Pre- and post-impoundment nitrogen in the lower Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T10:23:22","indexId":"70007167","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-30T11:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pre- and post-impoundment nitrogen in the lower Missouri River","docAbstract":"Large water-sample sets collected from 1899 through 1902, 1907, and in the early 1950s allow comparisons of pre-impoundment and post-impoundment (1969 through 2008) nitrogen concentrations in the lower Missouri River. Although urban wastes were not large enough to detectably increase annual loads of total nitrogen at the beginning of the 20th century, carcass waste, stock-yard manure, and untreated human wastes measurably increased ammonia and organic-nitrogen concentrations during low flows. Average total-nitrogen concentrations in both periods were about 2.5 mg/l, but much of the particulate-organic nitrogen, which was the dominant form of nitrogen around 1900, has been replaced by nitrate. This change in speciation was caused by the nearly 80% decrease in suspended-sediment concentrations that occurred after impoundment, modern agriculture, drainage of riparian wetlands, and sewage treatment. Nevertheless, bioavailable nitrogen has not been low enough to limit primary production in the Missouri River since the beginning of the 20th century. Nitrate concentrations have increased more rapidly from 2000 through 2008 (5 to 12% per year), thus increasing bioavailable nitrogen delivered to the Mississippi River and affecting Gulf Coast hypoxia. The increase in nitrate concentrations with distance downstream is much greater during the post-impoundment period. If strategies to decrease total-nitrogen loads focus on particulate N, substantial decreases will be difficult because particulate nitrogen is now only 23% of total nitrogen in the Missouri River. A strategy aimed at decreasing particulates also could further exacerbate land loss along the Gulf of Mexico, which has been sediment starved since Missouri River impoundment. In contrast, strategies or benchmarks aimed at decreasing nitrate loads could substantially decrease nitrogen loadings because nitrates now constitute over half of the Missouri's nitrogen input to the Mississippi. Ongoing restoration and creation of wetlands along the Missouri River could be part of such a nitrate-reduction strategy. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.9797","usgsCitation":"Blevins, D.W., Wilkison, D.H., and Niesen, S.L., 2013, Pre- and post-impoundment nitrogen in the lower Missouri River: Hydrological Processes, v. 28, no. 4, p. 2535-2549, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9797.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2535","endPage":"2549","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-026501","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275573,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9797"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 15","country":"United States","state":"Illinois;Iowa;Kansas;Missouri;Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.5693,38.1518 ], [ -98.5693,43.0609 ], [ -89.9561,43.0609 ], [ -89.9561,38.1518 ], [ -98.5693,38.1518 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8d25ae4b0cecbe8fa9830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blevins, Dale W. dblevins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blevins","given":"Dale","email":"dblevins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilkison, Donald H. wilkison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkison","given":"Donald","email":"wilkison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niesen, Shelley L. ssevern@usgs.gov","contributorId":4583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niesen","given":"Shelley","email":"ssevern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040468,"text":"70040468 - 2013 - Permafrost thaw in a nested groundwater-flow system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T11:20:46","indexId":"70040468","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-30T11:09:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permafrost thaw in a nested groundwater-flow system","docAbstract":"Groundwater flow in cold regions containing permafrost accelerates climate-warming-driven thaw and changes thaw patterns. Simulation analyses of groundwater flow and heat transport with freeze/thaw in typical cold-regions terrain with nested flow indicate that early thaw rate is particularly enhanced by flow, the time when adverse environmental impacts of climate-warming-induced permafrost loss may be severest. For the slowest climate-warming rate predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), once significant groundwater flow begins, thick permafrost layers can vanish in several hundred years, but survive over 1,000 years where flow is minimal. Large-scale thaw depends mostly on the balance of heat advection and conduction in the supra-permafrost zone. Surface-water bodies underlain by open taliks allow slow sub-permafrost flow, with lesser influence on regional thaw. Advection dominance over conduction depends on permeability and topography. Groundwater flow around permafrost and flow through permafrost impact thaw differently; the latter enhances early thaw rate. Air-temperature seasonality also increases early thaw. Hydrogeologic heterogeneity and topography strongly affect thaw rates/patterns. Permafrost controls the groundwater/surface-water-geomorphology system; hence, prediction and mitigation of impacts of thaw on ecology, chemical exports and infrastructure require improved hydrogeology/permafrost characterization and understanding","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-012-0942-3","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, J.M., and Voss, C.I., 2013, Permafrost thaw in a nested groundwater-flow system: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 21, no. 1, p. 299-316, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0942-3.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-041833","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275568,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0942-3"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8d259e4b0cecbe8fa9828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenzie, Jeffery M.","contributorId":85068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043406,"text":"70043406 - 2013 - A twenty-first century California observing network for monitoring extreme weather events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-09T10:56:23","indexId":"70043406","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-30T10:47:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2186,"text":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A twenty-first century California observing network for monitoring extreme weather events","docAbstract":"During Northern Hemisphere winters, the West Coast of North America is battered by extratropical storms. The impact of these storms is of paramount concern to California, where aging water supply and flood protection infrastructures are challenged by increased standards for urban flood protection, an unusually variable weather regime, and projections of climate change. Additionally, there are inherent conflicts between releasing water to provide flood protection and storing water to meet requirements for water supply, water quality, hydropower generation, water temperature and flow for at-risk species, and recreation. In order to improve reservoir management and meet the increasing demands on water, improved forecasts of precipitation, especially during extreme events, is required. Here we describe how California is addressing their most important and costliest environmental issue – water management – in part, by installing a state-of-the-art observing system to better track the area’s most severe wintertime storms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00217.1","usgsCitation":"White, A., Anderson, M., Dettinger, M.D., Ralph, F., Hinojosa, A., Cayan, D., Hartman, R., Reynolds, D., Johnson, L., Schneider, T., Cifelli, R., Toth, Z., Gutman, S., King, C., Gehrke, F., Johnston, P., Walls, C., Mann, D., Gottas, D., and Coleman, T., 2013, A twenty-first century California observing network for monitoring extreme weather events: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, v. 30, no. 8, p. 1585-1603, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00217.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1585","endPage":"1603","ipdsId":"IP-043985","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00217.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277424,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00217.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"30","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8d24fe4b0cecbe8fa9804","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A.B.","contributorId":45878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, M.L.","contributorId":93138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":473532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ralph, F.M.","contributorId":39174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hinojosa, A.","contributorId":33205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinojosa","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":473520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hartman, R.K.","contributorId":51626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reynolds, D.W.","contributorId":33206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, L.E.","contributorId":71858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schneider, T.L.","contributorId":52866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cifelli, R.","contributorId":98875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cifelli","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Toth, Z.","contributorId":87437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toth","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gutman, S.I.","contributorId":25748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutman","given":"S.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"King, C.W.","contributorId":81394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Gehrke, F.","contributorId":21327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrke","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Johnston, P.E.","contributorId":18654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Walls, C.","contributorId":19455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Mann, Dorte","contributorId":66876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Dorte","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Gottas, D.J.","contributorId":42120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottas","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Coleman, T.","contributorId":96570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}}
,{"id":70040793,"text":"70040793 - 2013 - On the conversion of tritium units to mass fractions for hydrologic applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T14:19:42","indexId":"70040793","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-30T10:37:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2114,"text":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the conversion of tritium units to mass fractions for hydrologic applications","docAbstract":"We develop a general equation for converting laboratory-reported tritium levels, expressed either as concentrations (tritium isotope number fractions) or mass-based specific activities, to mass fractions in aqueous systems. Assuming that all tritium is in the form of monotritiated water simplifies the derivation and is shown to be reasonable for most environmental settings encountered in practice. The general equation is nonlinear. For tritium concentrations c less than 4.5×10<sup>12</sup> tritium units (TU) - i.e. specific tritium activities<5.3×10<sup>11</sup> Bq kg<sup>-1</sup> - the mass fraction w of tritiated water is approximated to within 1 part per million by w ≈ c×2.22293×10<sup>-18</sup>, i.e. the conversion is linear for all practical purposes. Terrestrial abundances serve as a proxy for non-tritium isotopes in the absence of sample-specific data. Variation in the relative abundances of non-tritium isotopes in the terrestrial hydrosphere produces a minimum range for the mantissa of the conversion factor of [2.22287; 2.22300].","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2013.766610","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., Andraski, B.J., Cooper, C.A., Mayers, C.J., and Michel, R.L., 2013, On the conversion of tritium units to mass fractions for hydrologic applications: Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, v. 49, no. 2, p. 250-256, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2013.766610.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"256","ipdsId":"IP-042205","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3664909","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8d259e4b0cecbe8fa9824","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Clay A.","contributorId":107170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Clay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mayers, Charles J.","contributorId":108185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayers","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040458,"text":"70040458 - 2013 - Observed impacts of duration and seasonality of atmospheric-river landfalls on soil moisture and runoff in coastal northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T10:23:00","indexId":"70040458","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-30T09:59:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observed impacts of duration and seasonality of atmospheric-river landfalls on soil moisture and runoff in coastal northern California","docAbstract":"This study is motivated by diverse needs for better forecasts of extreme precipitation and floods. It is enabled by unique hourly observations collected over six years near California’s Russian River and by recent advances in the science of atmospheric rivers (ARs). This study fills key gaps limiting the prediction of ARs and, especially, their impacts by quantifying the duration of AR conditions and the role of duration in modulating hydrometeorological impacts. Precursor soil moisture conditions and their relationship to streamflow are also shown. On the basis of 91 well-observed events during 2004-10, the study shows that the passage of ARs over a coastal site lasted 20 h on average and that 12% of the AR events exceeded 30 h. Differences in storm-total water vapor transport directed up the mountain slope contribute 74% of the variance in storm-total rainfall across the events and 61% of the variance in storm-total runoff volume. ARs with double the composite mean duration produced nearly 6 times greater peak streamflow and more than 7 times the storm-total runoff volume. When precursor soil moisture was less than 20%, even heavy rainfall did not lead to significant streamflow. Predicting which AR events are likely to produce extreme impacts on precipitation and runoff requires accurate prediction of AR duration at landfall and observations of precursor soil moisture conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-12-076.1","usgsCitation":"Ralph, F., Coleman, T., Neiman, P., Zamora, R., and Dettinger, M., 2013, Observed impacts of duration and seasonality of atmospheric-river landfalls on soil moisture and runoff in coastal northern California: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 443-459, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-12-076.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"459","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-041555","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-076.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275559,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-12-076.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.9038,38.2468 ], [ -123.9038,39.0981 ], [ -122.8738,39.0981 ], [ -122.8738,38.2468 ], [ -123.9038,38.2468 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8d258e4b0cecbe8fa9820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralph, F.M.","contributorId":39174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, T.","contributorId":96570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neiman, P.J.","contributorId":14991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neiman","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zamora, R.J.","contributorId":87840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettinger, Mike 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Mike","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70042037,"text":"70042037 - 2013 - Water supply, demand, and quality indicators for assessing the spatial distribution of water resource vulnerability in the Columbia River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-26T10:21:55","indexId":"70042037","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-30T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":921,"text":"Atmosphere - Ocean","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water supply, demand, and quality indicators for assessing the spatial distribution of water resource vulnerability in the Columbia River Basin","docAbstract":"We investigated water resource vulnerability in the US portion of the Columbia River basin (CRB) using multiple indicators representing water supply, water demand, and water quality. Based on the US county scale, spatial analysis was conducted using various biophysical and socio-economic indicators that control water vulnerability. Water supply vulnerability and water demand vulnerability exhibited a similar spatial clustering of hotspots in areas where agricultural lands and variability of precipitation were high but dam storage capacity was low. The hotspots of water quality vulnerability were clustered around the main stem of the Columbia River where major population and agricultural centres are located. This multiple equal weight indicator approach confirmed that different drivers were associated with different vulnerability maps in the sub-basins of the CRB. Water quality variables are more important than water supply and water demand variables in the Willamette River basin, whereas water supply and demand variables are more important than water quality variables in the Upper Snake and Upper Columbia River basins. This result suggests that current water resources management and practices drive much of the vulnerability within the study area. The analysis suggests the need for increased coordination of water management across multiple levels of water governance to reduce water resource vulnerability in the CRB and a potentially different weighting scheme that explicitly takes into account the input of various water stakeholders.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmosphere - Ocean","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2013.777896","usgsCitation":"Chang, H., Jung, I., Strecker, A.L., Wise, D., Lafrenz, M., Shandas, V., Moradkhani, Yeakley, A., Pan, Y., Johnson, G., and Psaris, M., 2013, Water supply, demand, and quality indicators for assessing the spatial distribution of water resource vulnerability in the Columbia River Basin: Atmosphere - Ocean, v. 51, no. 4, p. 339-356, https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2013.777896.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"356","ipdsId":"IP-035349","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11603/18937","text":"External Repository"},{"id":275553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275550,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2013.777896"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.00,42.07 ], [ -123.00,51.75 ], [ -110.06,51.75 ], [ -110.06,42.07 ], [ -123.00,42.07 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8d25be4b0cecbe8fa9840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Heejun","contributorId":14705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Heejun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jung, Il-Won","contributorId":38865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"Il-Won","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strecker, Angela L.","contributorId":43256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strecker","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wise, Daniel dawise@usgs.gov","contributorId":844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"Daniel","email":"dawise@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lafrenz, Martin","contributorId":99024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafrenz","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shandas, Vivek","contributorId":99862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shandas","given":"Vivek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moradkhani","contributorId":128136,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Moradkhani","id":535396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yeakley, Alan","contributorId":96569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeakley","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pan, Yangdong","contributorId":52865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Yangdong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Johnson, Gunnar","contributorId":105618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gunnar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Psaris, Mike","contributorId":69867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Psaris","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70046215,"text":"70046215 - 2013 - Mercury cycling in agricultural and managed wetlands of California: seasonal influences of vegetation on mercury methylation, storage, and transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T17:25:03","indexId":"70046215","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T14:27:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury cycling in agricultural and managed wetlands of California: seasonal influences of vegetation on mercury methylation, storage, and transport","docAbstract":"Plants are a dominant biologic and physical component of many wetland capable of influencing the internal pools and fluxes of methylmercury (MeHg). To investigate their role with respect to the latter, we examined the changing seasonal roles of vegetation biomass and Hg, C and N composition from May 2007-February 2008 in 3 types of agricultural wetlands (domesticated or white rice, wild rice, and fallow fields), and in adjacent managed natural wetlands dominated by cattail and bulrush (tule). We also determined the impact of vegetation on seasonal microbial Hg methylation rates, and Hg and MeHg export via seasonal storage in vegetation, and biotic consumption of rice seed. Despite a compressed growing season of ~ 3 months, annual net primary productivity (NPP) was greatest in white rice fields and carbon more labile (leaf median C:N ratio = 27). Decay of senescent litter (residue) was correlated with microbial MeHg production in winter among all wetlands. As agricultural biomass accumulated from July to August, THg concentrations declined in leaves but MeHg concentrations remained consistent, such that MeHg pools generally increased with growth. Vegetation provided a small, temporary, but significant storage term for MeHg in agricultural fields when compared with hydrologic export. White rice and wild rice seeds reached mean MeHg concentrations of 4.1 and 6.2 ng g<sub>dw</sub><sup>- 1</sup>, respectively. In white rice and wild rice fields, seed MeHg concentrations were correlated with root MeHg concentrations (r = 0.90, p < 0.001), suggesting transport of MeHg to seeds from belowground tissues. Given the proportionally elevated concentrations of MeHg in rice seeds, white and wild rice crops may act as a conduit of MeHg into biota, especially waterfowl which forage heavily on rice seeds within the Central Valley of California, USA. Thus, while plant tissues and rhizosphere soils provide temporary storage for MeHg during the growing season, export of MeHg is enhanced post-harvest through increased hydrologic and biotic export.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.027","usgsCitation":"Windham-Myers, L., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Kakouros, E., Agee, J.L., Kieu, L.H., Stricker, C.A., Fleck, J., and Ackerman, J., 2013, Mercury cycling in agricultural and managed wetlands of California: seasonal influences of vegetation on mercury methylation, storage, and transport: Science of the Total Environment, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.027.","productDescription":"11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-045775","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275521,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.027"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Yolo County","otherGeospatial":"Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.663971,38.417283 ], [ -121.663971,38.556489 ], [ -121.586037,38.556489 ], [ -121.586037,38.417283 ], [ -121.663971,38.417283 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780d7e4b02e26443a9335","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kakouros, Evangelos 0000-0002-4778-4039 kakouros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-4039","contributorId":2587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kakouros","given":"Evangelos","email":"kakouros@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Agee, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-5964-5079 jlagee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5964-5079","contributorId":2586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agee","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlagee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kieu, Le H. lkieu@usgs.gov","contributorId":25115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieu","given":"Le","email":"lkieu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70044614,"text":"70044614 - 2013 - Intercontinental migratory connectivity and population structuring of Dunlins from western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:30:37","indexId":"70044614","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T12:47:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intercontinental migratory connectivity and population structuring of Dunlins from western Alaska","docAbstract":"The Dunlin (Calidris alpina) is a polytypic shorebird with complex patterns of distribution and migration throughout its holarctic range. We analyzed mark-re sighting data obtained between 1977 and 2010 from birds captured at two major staging areas in western Alaska to test the hypothesis that the migration patterns of Alaskan populations are a mixture of parallel and chain, similar to those of Dunlin populations in the western Palearctic. Birds marked on the Yukon—Kuskokwim Delta were found wintering in both Asia and North America, which documented the unexpected mixing of C. a. arcticola from northern Alaska and C. a. pacifica from western Alaska and contradicted our initial prediction of parallel migration pathways for these two subspecies. In its North American winter range C. a. pacifica segregated according to location of marking, confirming our prediction of a chain migration pattern within this population. Individuals of C. a. pacifica marked on the delta were resighted significantly farther north, mostly in southern British Columbia and Washington, than birds marked on the second, more southerly staging area on the Alaska Peninsula, which were resighted primarily in the San Francisco Bay area of northern California. We recommend additional studies use a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic markers to quantify the strength of migratory connectivity between breeding, staging, and wintering areas. Such information is needed to guide conservation efforts because the Dunlin and other waterbirds are losing intertidal habitats at an unprecedented rate and scale, particularly in the Yellow Sea and other parts of Asia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/cond.2013.120127","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., Handel, C.M., and Ruthrauff, D.R., 2013, Intercontinental migratory connectivity and population structuring of Dunlins from western Alaska: The Condor, v. 115, no. 3, p. 525-534, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2013.120127.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"534","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-041725","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280757,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280758,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2013.120127"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Angyoyaravak Bay;Egegik Bay;Izembek Lagoon;Kigigak Bay;Nelson Lagoon;Ugashik Bay;Yukon-kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -169.53,51.21 ], [ -169.53,66.59 ], [ -152.93,66.59 ], [ -152.93,51.21 ], [ -169.53,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd62cbe4b0b290850fe696","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047264,"text":"sir20135041 - 2013 - Hydrogeology, groundwater seepage, nitrate distribution, and flux at the Raleigh hydrologic research station, Wake County, North Carolina, 2005-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T10:21:11","indexId":"sir20135041","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T09:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5041","title":"Hydrogeology, groundwater seepage, nitrate distribution, and flux at the Raleigh hydrologic research station, Wake County, North Carolina, 2005-2007","docAbstract":"rom 2005 to 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey and the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, conducted a study to describe the geologic framework, measure groundwater quality, characterize the groundwater-flow system, and describe the groundwater/surface-water interaction at the 60-acre Raleigh hydrogeologic research station (RHRS) located at the Neuse River Waste Water Treatment Plant in eastern Wake County, North Carolina. Previous studies have shown that the local groundwater quality of the surficial and bedrock aquifers at the RHRS had been affected by high levels of nutrients. Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data were collected from 3 coreholes, 12 wells, and 4 piezometers at 3 well clusters, as well as from 2 surface-water sites, 2 multiport piezometers, and 80 discrete locations in the streambed of the Neuse River. Data collected were used to evaluate the three primary zones of the Piedmont aquifer (regolith, transition zone, and fractured bedrock) and characterize the interaction of groundwater and surface water as a mechanism of nutrient transport to the Neuse River. A conceptual hydrogeologic cross section across the RHRS was constructed using new and existing data. Two previously unmapped north striking, nearly vertical diabase dikes intrude the granite beneath the site. Groundwater within the diabase dike appeared to be hydraulically isolated from the surrounding granite bedrock and regolith. A correlation exists between foliation and fracture orientation, with most fractures striking parallel to foliation. Flowmeter logging in two of the bedrock wells indicated that not all of the water-bearing fractures labeled as water bearing were hydraulically active, even when stressed by pumping. Groundwater levels measured in wells at the RHRS displayed climatic and seasonal trends, with elevated groundwater levels occurring during the late spring and declining to a low in the late fall. Vertical gradients in the groundwater discharge area near the Neuse River were complex and were affected by fluctuations in river stage, with the exception of a well completed in a diabase dike. Water-quality data from the wells and surface-water sites at the RHRS were collected continuously as well as during periodic sampling events. Surface-water samples collected from a tributary were most similar in chemical composition to groundwater found in the regolith and transition zone. Nitrate (measured as nitrite plus nitrate, as nitrogen) concentrations in the sampled wells and tributary ranged from about 5 to more than 120 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Waterborne continuous resistivity profiling conducted on the Neuse River in the area of the RHRS measured areas of low apparent resistivity that likely represent groundwater contaminated by high concentrations of nitrate. These areas were located on either side of a diabase dike and at the outfall of two unnamed tributaries. The diabase dike preferentially directed the discharge of groundwater to the Neuse River and may isolate groundwater movement laterally. Discrete temperature measurements made within the pore water beneath the Neuse River revealed seeps of colder groundwater discharging into warmer surface water near a diabase dike. Water-quality samples collected from the pore water beneath the Neuse River indicated that nitrate was present at concentrations as high as 80 milligrams per liter as nitrogen on the RHRS side of the river. The highest concentrations of nitrate were located within pore water collected from an area near a diabase dike that was identified as a suspected seepage area. Hydraulic head was measured and pore water samples were collected from two 140-centimeter-deep (55.1-inch-deep) multiport piezometers that were installed in bed sediments on opposite sides of a diabase dike. The concentration of nitrate in pore water at a suspected seepage area ranged from 42 to 82 milligrams per liter as nitrogen with a median concentration of 79 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. On the opposite side of the dike, concentrations of nitrate in pore water samples ranged from 3 to 91 milligrams per liter as nitrogen with a median concentration of 52 milligrams per liter. At one of the multiport piezometers the vertical gradient of hydraulic head between the Neuse River and the groundwater was too small to measure. At the multiport piezometer located in the suspected seepage area, an upward gradient of about 0.1 was present and explains the occurrence of higher concentrations of nitrate near the sediment/water interface. Horizontal seepage flux from the surficial aquifer to the edge of the Neuse River was estimated for 2006. Along a 130-foot flow path, the estimated seepage flux ranged from –0.52 to 0.2 foot per day with a median of 0.09 foot per day. The estimated advective horizontal mass flux of nitrate along a 300-foot reach of the Neuse River ranged from –10.9 to 5 pounds per day with a median of 2.2 pounds per day. The total horizontal mass flux of nitrate from the surficial aquifer to the Neuse River along the 130-foot flow path was estimated to be about 750 pounds for all of 2006. Seepage meters were deployed on the bed of the Neuse River in the areas of the multiport piezometers on either side of the diabase dike to estimate rates of vertical groundwater discharge and flux of nitrate. The average estimated daily seepage flux differed by two orders of magnitude between seepage areas. The potential vertical flux of nitrate from groundwater to the Neuse River was estimated at an average of 2.5 grams per day near one of the multiport piezometers and an average of 784 grams per day at the other. These approximations suggest that under some hydrologic conditions there is the potential for substantial quantities of nitrate to discharge from the groundwater to the Neuse River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135041","collaboration":"Prepared In Cooperation With The North Carolina Department Of Environment And Natural Resources Division Of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"McSwain, K., Bolich, R.E., and Chapman, M.J., 2013, Hydrogeology, groundwater seepage, nitrate distribution, and flux at the Raleigh hydrologic research station, Wake County, North Carolina, 2005-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5041, viii, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135041.","productDescription":"viii, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275495,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5041/"},{"id":275496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135041.gif"},{"id":275494,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5041/pdf/sir2013-5041.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Neuse River Waste Water Treatment Plant","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.32,33.84 ], [ -84.32,36.59 ], [ -78.04,36.59 ], [ -78.04,33.84 ], [ -84.32,33.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780d6e4b02e26443a9325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McSwain, Kristen Bukowski","contributorId":104458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSwain","given":"Kristen Bukowski","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolich, Richard E.","contributorId":89615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolich","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapman, Melinda J. 0000-0003-4021-0320 mjchap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-0320","contributorId":1597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melinda","email":"mjchap@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189924,"text":"70189924 - 2013 - New Method for Electrical Conductivity Temperature Compensation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:29:44","indexId":"70189924","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New Method for Electrical Conductivity Temperature Compensation","docAbstract":"<p>Electrical conductivity (κ) measurements of natural waters are typically referenced to 25 °C (κ<sub>25</sub>) using standard temperature compensation factors (α). For acidic waters (pH &lt; 4), this can result in a large κ<sub>25</sub> error (δκ<sub>25</sub>). The more the sample temperature departs from 25 °C, the larger the potential δκ<sub>25</sub>. For pH &lt; 4, the hydrogen ion transport number becomes substantial and its mode of transport is different from most other ions resulting in a different α. A new method for determining α as a function of pH and temperature is presented. Samples with varying amounts of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaCl were used to develop the new α, which was then applied to 65 natural water samples including acid mine waters, geothermal waters, seawater, and stream waters. For each sample, the κ and pH were measured at several temperatures from 5 to 90 °C and κ<sub>25</sub> was calculated. The δκ<sub>25</sub> ranged from −11 to 9% for the new method as compared to −42 to 25% and −53 to 27% for the constant α (0.019) and ISO-7888 methods, respectively. The new method for determining α is a substantial improvement for acidic waters and performs as well as or better than the standard methods for circumneutral waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es402188r","usgsCitation":"McCleskey, R.B., 2013, New Method for Electrical Conductivity Temperature Compensation: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 17, p. 9874-9881, https://doi.org/10.1021/es402188r.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"9874","endPage":"9881","ipdsId":"IP-046099","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5980419ce4b0a38ca2789369","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70118398,"text":"70118398 - 2013 - A combined radio- and stable-isotopic study of a California coastal aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:53:11","indexId":"70118398","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T16:23:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A combined radio- and stable-isotopic study of a California coastal aquifer system","docAbstract":"Stable and radioactive tracers were utilized in concert to characterize geochemical processes in a complex coastal groundwater system and to provide constraints on the kinetics of rock/water interactions. Groundwater samples from wells within the Dominguez Gap region of Los Angeles County, California were analyzed for a suite of major cations (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>) and anions (Cl<sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>), silica, alkalinity, select trace elements (Ba, B, Sr), dissolved oxygen, stable isotopes of hydrogen (δD), oxygen (δ<sup>18</sup>O), dissolved inorganic carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub>), and radioactive isotopes (<sup>3</sup>H, <sup>222</sup>Rn and <sup>223,224,226,228</sup>Ra). In the study area, groundwater may consist of a complex mixture of native groundwater, intruded seawater, non-native injected water, and oil-field brine water. In some wells, Cl<sup>−</sup> concentrations attained seawater-like values and in conjunction with isotopically heavier δ<sup>18</sup>O values, these tracers provide information on the extent of seawater intrusion and/or mixing with oil-field brines. Groundwater <sup>3</sup>H above 1 tritium unit (TU) was observed only in a few select wells close to the Dominguez Gap area and most other well groundwater was aged pre-1952. Based on an initial <sup>14</sup>C value for the study site of 90 percent modern carbon (pmc), groundwater age estimates likely extend beyond 20 kyr before present and confirm deep circulation of some native groundwater through multiple aquifers. Enriched values of groundwater δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> in the absence of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> imply enhanced anaerobic microbial methanogenesis. While secular equilibrium was observed for <sup>234</sup>U/<sup>238</sup>U (activity ratios ~1) in host matrices, strong isotopic fractionation in these groundwater samples can be used to obtain information of adsorption/desorption kinetics. Calculated Ra residence times are short, and the associated desorption rate constant is about three orders of magnitude slower than that of the adsorption rate constant. Combined stable- and radio-isotopic results provide unique insights into aquifer characteristics, such as geochemical cycling, rock/water interactions, and subsurface transport and mixing.","language":"English","publisher":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","doi":"10.3390/w5020480","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P.W., Baskaran, M., Rosenbauer, R.J., Edwards, B.D., and Land, M., 2013, A combined radio- and stable-isotopic study of a California coastal aquifer system: Water, v. 5, no. 2, p. 480-504, https://doi.org/10.3390/w5020480.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"504","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w5020480","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291224,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w5020480"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.9449,32.7984 ], [ -118.9449,34.8232 ], [ -117.6456,34.8232 ], [ -117.6456,32.7984 ], [ -118.9449,32.7984 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a0424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baskaran, Mark","contributorId":87867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baskaran","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":496881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70118374,"text":"70118374 - 2013 - K-Ar dating and delta O-18-delta D characterization of nanometric illite from Ordovician K-bentonites of the Appalachians: illitization and the Acadian-Alleghenian tectonic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T15:47:23","indexId":"70118374","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T15:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"K-Ar dating and delta O-18-delta D characterization of nanometric illite from Ordovician K-bentonites of the Appalachians: illitization and the Acadian-Alleghenian tectonic activity","docAbstract":"<p>Nanometric (<0.02, 0.02–0.05, 0.05–0.1, 0.1–0.2 μm) illite fractions were separated from K-bentonite samples from northwestern Georgia, and studied by X-ray diffraction, oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry, and K-Ar dated to more tightly constrain the tectono-thermal history of the Appalachian orogeny. Their XRD patterns are very similar for a given sample with respect to the peak shapes and positions. They are ordered illite-smectite mixed layers with only small variations in the relative proportions of illite and smectite interlayers. The illite crystal thickness distributions also are very homogeneous across the various size fractions of the same sample, but crystallite thickness varies from sample to sample. It can be concluded from the α-β<sup>2</sup> diagram that illitization occurred in all fractions by simultaneous nucleation and crystal growth, except for one sample. In that sample, a period of growth without nucleation was detected on top of the nucleation and growth episode.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The K-Ar ages organize into two isochrons, the first at 319.9 ± 2.0 Ma with an initial <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>36</sup>Ar ratio of 271 ± 66 Ma, and the second at 284.9 ± 1.2 Ma with an initial <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>36</sup>Ar ratio of 310 ± 44. One data point above the older isochron and three between the two isochrons suggest a detrital contamination for the former separate and a possible further generation of nanoparticles for the three others. The samples with the older crystallization age consist of illite and illite-rich mixed-layers, and those with the younger age contain smectite-rich mixed-layers without illite, or illite-enriched illite-smectite mixed-layers. The K-Ar ages fit the age trends published previously for similar K-bentonites with regional age patterns between 240 and 270 Ma in the southwestern region, between 270 and 300 Ma in the central zone and the southern Appalachians, and between 315 and 370 Ma in the northernmost.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Each of the two generations of illite crystals yields very consistent δ<sup>18</sup>O (V-SMOW) values at 17 ± 1‰ for the older and at 21 ± 1‰ for the younger. If crystallization temperatures of the nanometric illite were between 100 and 200 °C, as suggested by microthermometric determinations, the hydrothermal fluids had δ<sup>18</sup>O values of 4 ± 1‰ in the Dalton district and of 8 ± 1‰ in the Lafayette, Trenton, and Dirtseller districts at 100 °C, and of 11 ± 1 and 15 ± 1‰ in the same locations at 200 °C, probably because the water-rock isotope exchanges at elevated temperature occurred in rock-dominated systems. The δ<sup>18</sup>O of the fluids remained unchanged during local crystal growth, but varied depending on the geographic location of the samples and timing of illitization. The δD (V-SMOW) values of the different size fractions do not provide consistent information; they range from −70 to −45‰ for most nanometric and micrometric fractions (V-SMOW), but with no apparent coherent pattern.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Nanometric illite-rich crystals from K-bentonite that underwent tectono-thermal alteration yield constant ages, constant clay mineralogy, constant crystallite size distributions for all of the nucleating and growing illite-type crystals of each sample, as well as constant δ<sup>18</sup>O values implying constant fluid chemistry, all pointing to geologically sudden crystallization.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am.2013.4510","usgsCitation":"Clauer, N., Fallick, A.E., Eberl, D.D., Honty, M., Huff, W.D., and Auberti, A., 2013, K-Ar dating and delta O-18-delta D characterization of nanometric illite from Ordovician K-bentonites of the Appalachians: illitization and the Acadian-Alleghenian tectonic activity: American Mineralogist, v. 98, no. 11-12, p. 2144-2154, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4510.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2144","endPage":"2154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291210,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4510"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Dalton;Lafayette;Trenton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.61,33.63 ], [ -85.61,35.0 ], [ -82.77,35.0 ], [ -82.77,33.63 ], [ -85.61,33.63 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"98","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a0426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clauer, Norbert","contributorId":9182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clauer","given":"Norbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallick, Anthony E.","contributorId":107210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallick","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Honty, Miroslav","contributorId":91034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honty","given":"Miroslav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huff, Warren D.","contributorId":90228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Auberti, Amelie","contributorId":51220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auberti","given":"Amelie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70148415,"text":"70148415 - 2013 - Occurrence and mobility of mercury in groundwater: Chapter 5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-12T19:06:45","indexId":"70148415","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-27T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Occurrence and mobility of mercury in groundwater: Chapter 5","docAbstract":"<p>1. Introduction</p>\n<div id=\"Title2\" class=\"section\">\n<p class=\"section-title\">1.1. FORMS, TOXICITY, AND HEALTH EFFECTS</p>\n<p id=\"P1\">Mercury (Hg) has long been identified as an element that is injurious, even lethal, to living organisms. Exposure to its inorganic form, mainly from elemental Hg (Hg(0)) vapor (<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B53\">Fitzgerald &amp; Lamborg, 2007</a>) can cause damage to respiratory, neural, and renal systems (<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B76\">Hutton, 1987</a>;&nbsp;<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B151\">USEPA, 2012</a>;&nbsp;<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B159\">WHO, 2012</a>). The organic form, methylmercury (CH<sub>3</sub>Hg<sup>+</sup>; MeHg), is substantially more toxic than the inorganic form (<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B53\">Fitzgerald &amp; Lamborg, 2007</a>). Methylmercury attacks the nervous system and exposure can prove lethal, as demonstrated by well-known incidents such as those in 1956 in Minimata, Japan (<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B70\">Harada, 1995</a>), and 1971 in rural Iraq (<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B8\">Bakir et al., 1973</a>), where, in the former, industrial release of MeHg into coastal waters severely tainted the fish caught and eaten by the local population, and in the latter, grain seed treated with an organic mercurial fungicide was not planted, but eaten in bread instead. Resultant deaths are not known with certainty but have been estimated at about 100 and 500, respectively (<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B76\">Hutton, 1987</a>). Absent such lethal accidents, human exposure to MeHg comes mainly from ingestion of piscivorous fish in which MeHg has accumulated, with potential fetal damage ascribed to high fish diets during their mothers&rsquo; pregnancies (<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B147\">USEPA, 2001</a>). Lesser human exposure occurs through ingestion of drinking water (USEPA, 2001), where concentrations of total Hg (THg; inorganic plus organic forms) typically are in the low nanograms-per-liter range<a href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#idp6214592\"><span class=\"generated\">[1] -&nbsp;</span></a>, particularly from many groundwater sources, and concentrations at the microgram-per-liter level are rare.</p>\n</div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Current perspectives in contaminant hydrology and water resources sustainability","language":"English","publisher":"InTech","doi":"10.5772/55487","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Szabo, Z., and Reilly, P.A., 2013, Occurrence and mobility of mercury in groundwater: Chapter 5, chap. <i>of</i> Current perspectives in contaminant hydrology and water resources sustainability, p. 117-149, https://doi.org/10.5772/55487.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"149","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041831","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570e1c35e4b0ef3b7ca24c3c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626591,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":138827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reilly, Pamela A. 0000-0002-2937-4490 jankowsk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-4490","contributorId":653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Pamela","email":"jankowsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047262,"text":"ofr20131144 - 2013 - Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-27T11:45:43","indexId":"ofr20131144","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-27T11:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1144","title":"Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California, 2012","docAbstract":"Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay, Calif. This report includes the data collected by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists for the period January to December 2012. These data serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.\n\nFollowing significant reductions in the late 1980s, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations in sediment and in M. petalum appear to have stabilized. Data for other metals, including chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements have remained relatively constant, aside from seasonal variation that is common to all elements. In 2012, concentrations of Ag and Cu in M. petalum varied seasonally in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and annual growth and reproduction, as reported for previous time periods. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg, and Se were generally similar in timing and magnitude as those for Ag and Cu. In 2012, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest concentrations on record. This record suggests that regional-scale factors now largely control sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Ag and Cu, as well as other elements of regulatory interest, at the Palo Alto site.\n\nAnalyses of the benthic community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 39-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of the M. petalum community shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable (2012), with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals; both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly in 2011–2012. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for those deep-dwelling animals like Macoma petalum. Animals immediately returned to the mudflat in 2008, which was the first indication that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or to anoxia. The reproductive mode of most species present in 2012 is reflective of the species that were available either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2012 benthic community data, which show that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of animals that consume the sediment, filter feed, have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and brood their young. USGS scientists continue to observe the community’s response to the 2008 defaunation event because it allows them to examine the response of the community to a natural disturbance (possible causes include sediment accretion or freshwater inundation) and compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed in the 1970s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Dyke, J., Thompson, J.K., Cain, D.J., Kleckner, A.E., Parcheso, F., Luoma, S.N., and Hornberger, M.I., 2013, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1144, vi, 109 p.; Tables; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131144.","productDescription":"vi, 109 p.; Tables; Appendixes","numberOfPages":"117","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131144.gif"},{"id":275489,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/of2013-1144_tables.xlsx"},{"id":275490,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/of2013-1144_appendixes.xlsx"},{"id":275487,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/"},{"id":275488,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/of2013-1144_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.75,36.75 ], [ -122.75,38.5 ], [ -121.5,38.5 ], [ -121.5,36.75 ], [ -122.75,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f4ddd9e4b0838938b28033","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleckner, Amy E. kleckner@usgs.gov","contributorId":4258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleckner","given":"Amy","email":"kleckner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70047260,"text":"ofr20131129 - 2013 - Analytical approaches used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs of State agencies in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-27T11:15:32","indexId":"ofr20131129","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-27T11:08:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1129","title":"Analytical approaches used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs of State agencies in the United States","docAbstract":"Biomonitoring programs based on benthic macroinvertebrates are well-established worldwide. Their value, however, depends on the appropriateness of the analytical techniques used. All United States State, benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs were surveyed regarding the purposes of their programs, quality-assurance and quality-control procedures used, habitat and water-chemistry data collected, treatment of macroinvertebrate data prior to analysis, statistical methods used, and data-storage considerations. State regulatory mandates (59 percent of programs), biotic index development (17 percent), and Federal requirements (15 percent) were the most frequently reported purposes of State programs, with the specific tasks of satisfying the requirements for 305b/303d reports (89 percent), establishment and monitoring of total maximum daily loads, and developing biocriteria being the purposes most often mentioned. Most states establish reference sites (81 percent), but classify them using State-specific methods. The most often used technique for determining the appropriateness of a reference site was Best Professional Judgment (86 percent of these states). Macroinvertebrate samples are almost always collected by using a D-frame net, and duplicate samples are collected from approximately 10 percent of sites for quality assurance and quality control purposes. Most programs have macroinvertebrate samples processed by contractors (53 percent) and have identifications confirmed by a second taxonomist (85 percent). All States collect habitat data, with most using the Rapid Bioassessment Protocol visual-assessment approach, which requires ~1 h/site. Dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity are measured in more than 90 percent of programs. Wide variation exists in which taxa are excluded from analyses and the level of taxonomic resolution used. Species traits, such as functional feeding groups, are commonly used (96 percent), as are tolerance values for organic pollution (87 percent). Less often used are tolerance values for metals (28 percent). Benthic data are infrequently modified (34 percent) prior to analysis. Fixed-count subsampling is used widely (83 percent), with the number of organisms sorted ranging from 100 to 600 specimens. Most programs include a step during sample processing to acquire rare taxa (79 percent). Programs calculate from 2 to more than100 different metrics (mean 20), and most formulate a multimetric index (87 percent). Eleven of the 112 metrics reported represent 50 percent of all metrics considered to be useful, and most of these are based on richness or percent composition. Biotic indices and tolerance metrics are most oftenused in the eastern U.S., and functional and habitat-type metrics are most often used in the western U.S. Sixty-nine percent of programs analyze their data in-house, typically performing correlations and regressions, and few use any form of data transformation (34 percent). Fifty-one percent of the programs use multivariate analyses, typically non-metric multi-dimensional scaling. All programs have electronic data storage. Most programs use the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (75 percent) for nomenclature and to update historical data (78 percent). State procedures represent a diversity of biomonitoring approaches which likely compromises comparability among programs. A national-state consensus is needed for: (1) developing methods for the identification of reference conditions and reference sites, (2) standardization in determining and reporting species richness, (3) testing and documenting both the theoretical and mechanistic basis of often-used metrics, (4) development of properly replicated point-source study designs, and (5) curation of benthic macroinvertebrate data, including reference and voucher collections, for successful evaluation of future environmental changes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131129","usgsCitation":"Carter, J.L., and Resh, V.H., 2013, Analytical approaches used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs of State agencies in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1129, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131129.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131129.png"},{"id":275481,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1129/"},{"id":275482,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1129/pdf/ofr20131129.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f4ddd9e4b0838938b2802f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Resh, Vincent H.","contributorId":12169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Resh","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047213,"text":"70047213 - 2013 - The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T14:35:26","indexId":"70047213","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":797,"text":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems","docAbstract":"Natural hazards and climate change present growing challenges to community water system (CWS) managers, who are increasingly turning to vulnerability assessments to identify, prioritize, and adapt to risks. Effectively assessing CWS vulnerability requires information and participation from various sources, one of which is stakeholders. In this article, we present a deliberative risk-ranking methodology, the participatory vulnerability scoping diagram (P-VSD), which allows rapid assessment and integration of multiple stakeholder perspectives of vulnerability. This technique is based on methods of deliberative risk evaluation and the vulnerability scoping diagram. The goal of the methodology is to engage CWS managers and stakeholders collectively to provide qualitative contextual risk rankings as a first step in a vulnerability assessment. We conduct an initial assessment using a case study of CWS in two U.S. counties, sites with broadly similar exposures but differences in population, land use, and other social sensitivity factors. Results demonstrate that CWS managers and stakeholders in the two case study communities all share the belief that their CWS are vulnerable to hazards but differ in how this vulnerability manifests itself in terms of the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of the system.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2013.754673","usgsCitation":"Howe, P.D., Yarnal, B., Coletti, A., and Wood, N.J., 2013, The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 2, no. 103, p. 343-352, https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.754673.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-032858","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275396,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.754673"}],"volume":"2","issue":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5fe4b0a32220222f4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, Peter D.","contributorId":60931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yarnal, Brent","contributorId":31839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarnal","given":"Brent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coletti, Alex","contributorId":69866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coletti","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047172,"text":"70047172 - 2013 - River flow changes related to land and water management practices across the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T13:08:14","indexId":"70047172","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T13:04:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River flow changes related to land and water management practices across the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The effects of land and water management practices (LWMP)—such as the construction of dams and roads—on river flows typically have been studied at the scale of single river watersheds or for a single type of LWMP. For the most part, assessments of the relative effects of multiple LWMP within many river watersheds across regional and national scales have been lacking. This study assesses flow alteration—quantified as deviation of several flow metrics from natural conditions—at 4196 gauged rivers affected by a variety of LWMP across the conterminous United States. The most widespread causes of flow changes among the LWMP considered were road density and dams. Agricultural development and wastewater discharges also were associated with flow changes in some regions. Dams generally reduced most attributes of flow, whereas road density, agriculture and wastewater discharges tended to be associated with increased flows compared to their natural condition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001","usgsCitation":"Eng, K., Wolock, D.M., and Carlisle, D.M., 2013, River flow changes related to land and water management practices across the conterminous United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 463-464, p. 414-422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"422","ipdsId":"IP-045920","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275451,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001"},{"id":275452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275309,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713006530"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"463-464","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ce4b0a32220222f23","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Eng Ken, Wolock David M., Carlisle Daren M.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"10/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eng, Ken","contributorId":89480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eng","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047218,"text":"70047218 - 2013 - Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T12:44:35","indexId":"70047218","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T12:32:04","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2454,"text":"Journal of Separation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS","docAbstract":"Pheromones guide adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) to suitable spawning streams and mates, and therefore, when quantified, can be used to assess population size and guide management. Here, we present an efficient sample preparation method where 100 mL of river water was spiked with deuterated pheromone as an internal standard and underwent rapid field-based SPE and elution in the field. The combination of field extraction with laboratory UPLC-MS/MS reduced the sample consumption from 1 to 0.1 L, decreased the sample process time from more than 1 h to 10 min, and increased the precision and accuracy. The sensitivity was improved more than one order of magnitude compared with the previous method. The influences of experimental conditions were assessed to optimize the separation and peak shapes. The analytical method has been validated by studies of stability, selectivity, precision, and linearity and by the determination of the limits of detection and quantification. The method was used to quantify pheromone concentration from five streams tributary to Lake Ontario and to estimate that the environmental half-life of 3kPZS is about 26 h.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Separation Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jssc.201300110","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., Johnson, N., Bernardy, J., Hubert, T., and Li, W., 2013, Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS: Journal of Separation Science, v. 36, no. 9-10, p. 1612-1620, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201300110.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1612","endPage":"1620","ipdsId":"IP-044840","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275446,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201300110"}],"volume":"36","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5be4b0a32220222f1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Huiyong","contributorId":101545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Huiyong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas","contributorId":95781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernardy, Jeffrey","contributorId":35216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubert, Terry","contributorId":18653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047247,"text":"70047247 - 2013 - Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T11:54:47","indexId":"70047247","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T11:49:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"Pesticides are receiving increasing attention as potential causes of amphibian declines, acting singly or in combination with other stressors, but limited information is available on the accumulation of current-use pesticides in tissue. The authors examined potential exposure and accumulation of currently used pesticides in pond-breeding frogs (Pseudacris regilla) collected from 7 high elevations sites in northern California. All sites sampled are located downwind of California's highly agricultural Central Valley and receive inputs of pesticides through precipitation and/or dry deposition. Whole frog tissue, water, and sediment were analyzed for more than 90 current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Two fungicides, pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole, and one herbicide, simazine, were the most frequently detected pesticides in tissue samples. Median pesticide concentration ranged from 13 µg/kg to 235 µg/kg wet weight. Tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin were the only 2 compounds observed frequently in frog tissue and sediment. Significant spatial differences in tissue concentration were observed, which corresponded to pesticide use in the upwind counties. Data generated indicated that amphibians residing in remote locations are exposed to and capable of accumulating current-use pesticides. A comparison of P. regilla tissue concentrations with water and sediment data indicated that the frogs are accumulating pesticides and are potentially a more reliable indicator of exposure to this group of pesticides than either water or sediment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.2308","usgsCitation":"Smalling, K., Fellers, G.M., Kleeman, P.M., and Kuivila, K., 2013, Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 32, no. 9, p. 2026-2034, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2308.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2026","endPage":"2034","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275441,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2308"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.53,32.53 ], [ -124.53,42.0 ], [ -114.13,42.0 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.53,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c52e4b0a32220222f0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L.","contributorId":16105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047246,"text":"ofr20131152 - 2013 - Serious games experiment toward agent-based simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T11:57:58","indexId":"ofr20131152","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T11:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1152","title":"Serious games experiment toward agent-based simulation","docAbstract":"We evaluate the potential for serious games to be used as a scientifically based decision-support product that supports the United States Geological Survey’s (USGS) mission--to provide integrated, unbiased scientific information that can make a substantial contribution to societal well-being for a wide variety of complex environmental challenges. Serious or pedagogical games are an engaging way to educate decisionmakers and stakeholders about environmental challenges that are usefully informed by natural and social scientific information and knowledge and can be designed to promote interactive learning and exploration in the face of large uncertainties, divergent values, and complex situations. We developed two serious games that use challenging environmental-planning issues to demonstrate and investigate the potential contributions of serious games to inform regional-planning decisions. Delta Skelta is a game emulating long-term integrated environmental planning in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, that incorporates natural hazards (flooding and earthquakes) and consequences for California water supplies amidst conflicting water interests. Age of Ecology is a game that simulates interactions between economic and ecologic processes, as well as natural hazards while implementing agent-based modeling. The content of these games spans the USGS science mission areas related to water, ecosystems, natural hazards, land use, and climate change. We describe the games, reflect on design and informational aspects, and comment on their potential usefulness. During the process of developing these games, we identified various design trade-offs involving factual information, strategic thinking, game-winning criteria, elements of fun, number and type of players, time horizon, and uncertainty. We evaluate the two games in terms of accomplishments and limitations. Overall, we demonstrated the potential for these games to usefully represent scientific information within challenging environmental and ecosystem-management contexts and to provide an interactive way of learning about the complexity of interactions between people and natural systems. Further progress on the use of pedagogical games to fulfill the USGS mission will require collaboration among scientists, game developers, educators, and stakeholders. We conclude that as the USGS positions itself to communicate and convey the results of multiple science strategies, including natural-resource security and sustainability, pedagogical game development and agent-based modeling offer a means to (1) establish interdisciplinary and collaborative teams with a focused integrated outcome; (2) contribute to the modeling of interaction, feedback, and adaptation of ecosystems; and (3) enable social learning through a broadly appealing and increasingly sophisticated medium.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131152","usgsCitation":"Wein, A., and Labiosa, W., 2013, Serious games experiment toward agent-based simulation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1152, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131152.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131152.bmp"},{"id":275443,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1152/pdf/ofr20131152.pdf"},{"id":275444,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1152/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ce4b0a32220222f2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Labiosa, William","contributorId":26421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labiosa","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047235,"text":"70047235 - 2013 - Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:53:41","indexId":"70047235","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T08:25:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the western United States","docAbstract":"Pervasive warming can lead to chronic stress on forest trees, which may contribute to mortality resulting from fire-caused injuries. Longitudinal analyses of forest plots from across the western US show that high pre-fire climatic water deficit was related to increased post-fire tree mortality probabilities. This relationship between climate and fire was present after accounting for fire defences and injuries, and appeared to influence the effects of crown and stem injuries. Climate and fire interactions did not vary substantially across geographical regions, major genera and tree sizes. Our findings support recent physiological evidence showing that both drought and heating from fire can impair xylem conductivity. Warming trends have been linked to increasing probabilities of severe fire weather and fire spread; our results suggest that warming may also increase forest fire severity (the number of trees killed) independent of fire intensity (the amount of heat released during a fire).","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ele.12151","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., Nesmith, J.C., Keifer, M., Knapp, E.E., Flint, A., and Flint, L., 2013, Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the western United States: Ecology Letters, v. 16, no. 9, p. 1151-1156, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12151.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1156","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":541,"text":"Redwood Field Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275420,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12151"},{"id":275421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ae4b0a32220222f0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, Philip J.","contributorId":78199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nesmith, Jonathan C. B.","contributorId":88618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nesmith","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"C. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keifer, MaryBeth","contributorId":21841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keifer","given":"MaryBeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knapp, Eric E.","contributorId":80570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, Alan","contributorId":58503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":6746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70047216,"text":"70047216 - 2013 - A comparison of models for estimating potential evapotranspiration for Florida land cover types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T08:09:28","indexId":"70047216","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T16:01:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of models for estimating potential evapotranspiration for Florida land cover types","docAbstract":"We analyzed observed daily evapotranspiration (DET) at 18 sites having measured DET and ancillary climate data and then used these data to compare the performance of three common methods for estimating potential evapotranspiration (PET): the Turc method (Tc), the Priestley-Taylor method (PT) and the Penman-Monteith method (PM). The sites were distributed throughout the State of Florida and represent a variety of land cover types: open water (3), marshland (4), grassland/pasture (4), citrus (2) and forest (5). Not surprisingly, the highest DET values occurred at the open water sites, ranging from an average of 3.3 mm d<sup>-1</sup> in the winter to 5.3 mm d<sup>-1</sup> in the spring. DET at the marsh sites was also high, ranging from 2.7 mm d<sup>-1</sup> in winter to 4.4 mm d<sup>-1</sup> in summer. The lowest DET occurred in the winter and fall seasons at the grass sites (1.3 mm d<sup>-1</sup> and 2.0 mm d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively) and at the forested sites (1.8 mm d<sup>-1 and 2.3 mm d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). The performance of the three methods when applied to conditions close to PET (Bowen ratio &le; 1) was used to judge relative merit. Under such PET conditions, annually aggregated Tc and PT methods perform comparably and outperform the PM method, possibly due to the sensitivity of the PM method to the limited transferability of previously determined model parameters. At a daily scale, the PT performance appears to be superior to the other two methods for estimating PET for a variety of land covers in Florida.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.029","usgsCitation":"Douglas, E.M., Jacobs, J.M., Sumner, D.M., and Ray, R.L., 2013, A comparison of models for estimating potential evapotranspiration for Florida land cover types: Journal of Hydrology, v. 373, no. 3-4, p. 366-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.029.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-004364","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275413,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.029"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.6349,24.5211 ], [ -87.6349,31.001 ], [ -80.0311,31.001 ], [ -80.0311,24.5211 ], [ -87.6349,24.5211 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"373","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253e2e4b0279fe2e1bfbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, Ellen M.","contributorId":57344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobs, Jennifer M.","contributorId":86245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sumner, David M. 0000-0002-2144-9304 dmsumner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2144-9304","contributorId":1362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"David","email":"dmsumner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ray, Ram L.","contributorId":21850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Ram","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118122,"text":"70118122 - 2013 - Roman, Visigothic and Islamic evidence of earthquakes recorded in the archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” (Prebetic Zone, southeast of Spain)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T15:57:08","indexId":"70118122","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T15:50:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1351,"text":"Cuaternario y Geomorfologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roman, Visigothic and Islamic evidence of earthquakes recorded in the archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” (Prebetic Zone, southeast of Spain)","docAbstract":"The archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” is located within the Albacete province (SE of Spain) and \nshows a continuous time record of ancient civilizations from 3500 yr BP onwards. However, three temporal \ngaps were identified in this archaeological record, all of them in relationship with a sudden and unclear \nabandonment of the city (Centuries 1st, 7th and 9-10th). The Archaeological Earthquake Effects (EAEs) supports \nthe possibility that moderate to strong earthquakes were the cause of such abandonments: oriented columns \nfallen, collapsed walls and arches, abandonment of irrigation systems and fresh-water supplies, crashed \npottery, etc. Despite of the scarce of instrumental seismicity and a few historical chronicles, paleoseismic \nstudies performed in the neighbouring zone (Tobarra) suggest the presence of closer seismic sources as faults \n(Pozohondo Fault) affecting Quaternary alluvial, lacustrine deposits and colluviums. In this work, we propose \nthe possibility that three moderate earthquakes devastated the ancient Roman city of Ilunum (Century 1st AD), \nthe Visigothic city of Elo (Century 7th AD) and the Islamic city of Madinat Iyih (Century 9th-10thAD), all of them \nthe same place: “El Tolmo de Minateda”.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cuaternario y Geomorfologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Asociación Española para el Estudio del Cuaternario","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez-Pascua, M., Abad Casal, L., Perez-Lopez, R., Gamo Parra, B., Silva, P., Garduño-Monroy, V., Giner-Robles, J.L., Perucha, M., Israde-Alcántara, I., Bischoff, J., and Calvo, J.P., 2013, Roman, Visigothic and Islamic evidence of earthquakes recorded in the archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” (Prebetic Zone, southeast of Spain): Cuaternario y Geomorfologia, v. 27, no. 3-4, p. 83-90.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"90","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291045,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259561555_Roman_Visigothic_and_Islamic_evidence_of_earthquakes_recorded_in_the_archaeological_site_of_El_Tolmo_de_Minateda_(Prebetic_Zone_southeast_of_Spain)"}],"otherGeospatial":"Albacete Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -1.88628,38.971483 ], [ -1.88628,39.012916 ], [ -1.834899,39.012916 ], [ -1.834899,38.971483 ], [ -1.88628,38.971483 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a0490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez-Pascua, M.A.","contributorId":36853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Pascua","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abad Casal, L.","contributorId":102809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abad Casal","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perez-Lopez, R.","contributorId":40039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez-Lopez","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gamo Parra, B.","contributorId":9183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamo Parra","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silva, P.G.","contributorId":17158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garduño-Monroy, V.H.","contributorId":65015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garduño-Monroy","given":"V.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giner-Robles, J. L.","contributorId":22602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giner-Robles","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perucha, M.A.","contributorId":33636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perucha","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Israde-Alcántara, I.","contributorId":60422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Israde-Alcántara","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bischoff, J.","contributorId":32730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Calvo, J. P.","contributorId":24136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
]}