{"pageNumber":"612","pageRowStart":"15275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40828,"records":[{"id":70129218,"text":"70129218 - 2014 - Watershed-scale modeling of streamflow change in incised montane meadows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-21T09:59:29","indexId":"70129218","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T09:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed-scale modeling of streamflow change in incised montane meadows","docAbstract":"Land use practices have caused stream channel incision and water table decline in many montane meadows of the Western United States. Incision changes the magnitude and timing of streamflow in water supply source watersheds, a concern to resource managers and downstream water users. The hydrology of montane meadows under natural and incised conditions was investigated using watershed simulation for a range of hydrologic conditions. The results illustrate the interdependence between: watershed and meadow hydrology; bedrock and meadow aquifers; and surface and groundwater flow through the meadow for the modeled scenarios. During the wet season, stream incision resulted in less overland flow and interflow and more meadow recharge causing a net decrease in streamflow and increase in groundwater storage relative to natural meadow conditions. During the dry season, incision resulted in less meadow evapotranspiration and more groundwater discharge to the stream causing a net increase in streamflow and a decrease in groundwater storage relative to natural meadow conditions. In general, for a given meadow setting, the magnitude of change in summer streamflow and long-term change in watershed groundwater storage due to incision will depend on the combined effect of: reduced evapotranspiration in the eroded meadow; induced groundwater recharge; replenishment of dry season groundwater storage depletion in meadow and bedrock aquifers by precipitation during wet years; and groundwater storage depletion that is not replenished by precipitation during wet years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014420","usgsCitation":"Essaid, H.I., and Hill, B., 2014, Watershed-scale modeling of streamflow change in incised montane meadows: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 3, p. 2657-2678, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014420.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"2657","endPage":"2678","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-052739","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295482,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014420"}],"country":"United States","volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775d6e4b0f888a81b835c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Barry R.","contributorId":62158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Barry R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70118246,"text":"70118246 - 2014 - Predictions of barrier island berm evolution in a time-varying storm climatology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T17:01:45.973428","indexId":"70118246","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T09:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictions of barrier island berm evolution in a time-varying storm climatology","docAbstract":"Low-lying barrier islands are ubiquitous features of the world's coastlines, and the processes responsible for their formation, maintenance, and destruction are related to the evolution of smaller, superimposed features including sand dunes, beach berms, and sandbars. The barrier island and its superimposed features interact with oceanographic forces (e.g., overwash) and exchange sediment with each other and other parts of the barrier island system. These interactions are modulated by changes in storminess. An opportunity to study these interactions resulted from the placement and subsequent evolution of a 2 m high sand berm constructed along the northern Chandeleur Islands, LA. We show that observed berm length evolution is well predicted by a model that was fit to the observations by estimating two parameters describing the rate of berm length change. The model evaluates the probability and duration of berm overwash to predict episodic berm erosion. A constant berm length change rate is also predicted that persists even when there is no overwash. The analysis is extended to a 16 year time series that includes both intraannual and interannual variability of overwash events. This analysis predicts that as many as 10 or as few as 1 day of overwash conditions would be expected each year. And an increase in berm elevation from 2 m to 3.5 m above mean sea level would reduce the expected frequency of overwash events from 4 to just 0.5 event-days per year. This approach can be applied to understanding barrier island and berm evolution at other locations using past and future storm climatologies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JF002871","usgsCitation":"Plant, N.G., Flocks, J., Stockdon, H.F., Long, J.W., Guy, K.K., Thompson, D.M., Cormier, J.M., Smith, C.G., Miselis, J.L., and Dalyander, P., 2014, Predictions of barrier island berm evolution in a time-varying storm climatology: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 119, no. 2, p. 300-316, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002871.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-046052","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291085,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002871"},{"id":291089,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":473145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jf002871","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Chandeleur Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.350941,29.526037 ], [ -89.350941,30.145491 ], [ -88.326465,30.145491 ], [ -88.326465,29.526037 ], [ -89.350941,29.526037 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"119","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f143e4b0bc0bec09fc88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flocks, James","contributorId":62266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary F. 0000-0003-0791-4676 hstockdon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":2153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","email":"hstockdon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Long, Joseph W. 0000-0003-2912-1992 jwlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992","contributorId":3303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"jwlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guy, Kristy K. kguy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Kristy","email":"kguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thompson, David M. 0000-0002-7103-5740 dthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7103-5740","contributorId":3502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"David","email":"dthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cormier, Jamie M.","contributorId":54906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cormier","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miselis, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-4925-3979 jmiselis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-3979","contributorId":3914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miselis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmiselis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dalyander, P. Soupy 0000-0001-9583-0872","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-0872","contributorId":65177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalyander","given":"P. Soupy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70074264,"text":"70074264 - 2014 - Seismological analyses of the 2010 March 11, Pichilemu, Chile Mw 7.0 and Mw 6.9 coastal intraplate earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T16:23:23","indexId":"70074264","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T09:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismological analyses of the 2010 March 11, Pichilemu, Chile Mw 7.0 and Mw 6.9 coastal intraplate earthquakes","docAbstract":"On 2010 March 11, a sequence of large, shallow continental crust earthquakes shook central Chile. Two normal faulting events with magnitudes around M<sub>w</sub> 7.0 and M<sub>w</sub> 6.9 occurred just 15 min apart, located near the town of Pichilemu. These kinds of large intraplate, inland crustal earthquakes are rare above the Chilean subduction zone, and it is important to better understand their relationship with the 2010 February 27, M<sub>w</sub> 8.8, Maule earthquake, which ruptured the adjacent megathrust plate boundary. We present a broad seismological analysis of these earthquakes by using both teleseismic and regional data. We compute seismic moment tensors for both events via a W-phase inversion, and test sensitivities to various inversion parameters in order to assess the stability of the solutions. The first event, at 14 hr 39 min GMT, is well constrained, displaying a fault plane with strike of N145°E, and a preferred dip angle of 55°SW, consistent with the trend of aftershock locations and other published results. Teleseismic finite-fault inversions for this event show a large slip zone along the southern part of the fault, correlating well with the reported spatial density of aftershocks. The second earthquake (14 hr 55 min GMT) appears to have ruptured a fault branching southward from the previous ruptured fault, within the hanging wall of the first event. Modelling seismograms at regional to teleseismic distances (Δ > 10°) is quite challenging because the observed seismic wave fields of both events overlap, increasing apparent complexity for the second earthquake. We perform both point- and extended-source inversions at regional and teleseismic distances, assessing model sensitivities resulting from variations in fault orientation, dimension, and hypocentre location. Results show that the focal mechanism for the second event features a steeper dip angle and a strike rotated slightly clockwise with respect to the previous event. This kind of geological fault configuration, with secondary rupture in the hanging wall of a large normal fault, is commonly observed in extensional geological regimes. We propose that both earthquakes form part of a typical normal fault diverging splay, where the secondary fault connects to the main fault at depth. To ascertain more information on the spatial and temporal details of slip for both events, we gathered near-fault seismological and geodetic data. Through forward modelling of near-fault synthetic seismograms we build a kinematic k<sup>−2</sup> earthquake source model with spatially distributed slip on the fault that, to first-order, explains both coseismic static displacement GPS vectors and short-period seismometer observations at the closest sites. As expected, the results for the first event agree with the focal mechanism derived from teleseismic modelling, with a magnitude M<sub>w</sub> 6.97. Similarly, near-fault modelling for the second event suggests rupture along a normal fault, M<sub>w</sub> 6.90, characterized by a steeper dip angle (dip = 74°) and a strike clockwise rotated (strike = 155°) with respect to the previous event.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggt513","usgsCitation":"Ruiz, J.A., Hayes, G., Carrizo, D., Kanamori, H., Socquet, A., and Comte, D., 2014, Seismological analyses of the 2010 March 11, Pichilemu, Chile Mw 7.0 and Mw 6.9 coastal intraplate earthquakes: Geophysical Journal International, v. 196, no. 3, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt513.","productDescription":"21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053432","costCenters":[{"id":415,"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt513","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281636,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt513"}],"country":"Chile","city":"Pichilemu","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.056,-34.586 ], [ -72.056,-34.165 ], [ -71.746,-34.165 ], [ -71.746,-34.586 ], [ -72.056,-34.586 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"196","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351705fe4b05569d805a39a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruiz, Javier A.","contributorId":39287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiz","given":"Javier","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carrizo, Daniel","contributorId":36456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrizo","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kanamori, Hiroo","contributorId":106120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"Hiroo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Socquet, Anne","contributorId":65764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socquet","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Comte, Diana","contributorId":40514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comte","given":"Diana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70095570,"text":"70095570 - 2014 - Nitrogen deposition effects on diatom communities in lakes from three National Parks in Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T13:26:49","indexId":"70095570","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T09:07:54","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen deposition effects on diatom communities in lakes from three National Parks in Washington State","docAbstract":"<p>The goal of this study was to document if lakes in National Parks in Washington have exceeded critical levels of nitrogen (N) deposition, as observed in other Western States. We measured atmospheric N deposition, lake water quality, and sediment diatoms at our study lakes. Water chemistry showed that our study lakes were ultra-oligotrophic with ammonia and nitrate concentrations often at or below detection limits with low specific conductance (&minus;1 year<sup>&minus;1</sup> and were variable both within and across the parks. Diatom assemblages in a single sediment core from Hoh Lake (Olympic National Park) displayed a shift to increased relative abundances of Asterionella formosa and Fragilaria tenera beginning in the 1969&ndash;1975 timeframe, whereas these species were not found at the remaining (nine) sites. These diatom species are known to be indicative of N enrichment and were used to determine an empirical critical load of N deposition, or threshold level, where changes in diatom communities were observed at Hoh Lake. However, N deposition at the remaining nine lakes does not seem to exceed a critical load at this time. At Milk Lake, also in Olympic National Park, there was some evidence that climate change might be altering diatom communities, but more research is needed to confirm this. We used modeled precipitation for Hoh Lake and annual inorganic N concentrations from a nearby National Atmospheric Deposition Program station, to calculate elevation-corrected N deposition for 1980&ndash;2009 at Hoh Lake. An exponential fit to this data was hindcasted to the 1969&ndash;1975 time period, and we estimate a critical load of 1.0 to 1.2 kg N ha<sup>&minus;1</sup> year<sup>&minus;1</sup> for wet deposition for this lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-013-1857-x","usgsCitation":"Sheibley, R.W., Enache, M., Swarzenski, P.W., Moran, P.W., and Foreman, J.R., 2014, Nitrogen deposition effects on diatom communities in lakes from three National Parks in Washington State: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 225, art1985: 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1857-x.","productDescription":"art1985: 23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052849","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473148,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1857-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283449,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1857-x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.79,45.55 ], [ -124.79,49.0 ], [ -116.92,49.0 ], [ -116.92,45.55 ], [ -124.79,45.55 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"225","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d65ece4b07e28b6684919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheibley, Richard W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":87452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"Richard","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Enache, Mihaela","contributorId":55743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enache","given":"Mihaela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foreman, James R. 0000-0003-0535-4580 jforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-4580","contributorId":3669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"James","email":"jforeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70097332,"text":"70097332 - 2014 - Estrogen and androgen receptor activities of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and surface and ground water in a drilling-dense region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:14:16","indexId":"70097332","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1504,"text":"Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estrogen and androgen receptor activities of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and surface and ground water in a drilling-dense region","docAbstract":"The rapid rise in natural gas extraction using hydraulic fracturing increases  the potential for contamination of surface and ground water from chemicals used throughout the process. Hundreds of products containing more than 750 chemicals and components are potentially used throughout the  extraction process, including more than 100 known or suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We hypothesized thataselected subset of chemicalsusedin natural gas drilling operationsandalso surface and ground water samples collected in a drilling-dense region of Garfield County, Colorado, would exhibit estrogen and androgen receptor activities. Water samples were collected, solid-phase extracted, and measured for estrogen and androgen receptor activities using reporter gene assays in human cell lines. Of the 39 unique water samples, 89%, 41%, 12%, and 46% exhibited estrogenic, antiestrogenic, androgenic, and antiandrogenic activities, respectively. Testing of a subset of natural gas drilling chemicals revealed novel antiestrogenic, novel antiandrogenic, and limited estrogenic activities. The Colorado River, the drainage basin for this region, exhibited moderate levels of estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and antiandrogenic activities, suggesting that higher localized activity at sites with known natural gas–related spills surrounding the river might be contributing to the multiple \nreceptor activities observed in this water source. The majority of water samples collected from sites in a drilling-dense region of Colorado exhibited more estrogenic, antiestrogenic, or antiandrogenic activities than reference sites with limited nearby drilling operations. Our data suggest that natural gas drilling operationsmayresult in elevated endocrine-disrupting chemical activity in surface and ground water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Endocrinology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Endocrine Press","doi":"10.1210/en.2013-1697","usgsCitation":"Kassotis, C., Tillitt, D.E., Davis, J.W., Hormann, A.M., and Nagel, S., 2014, Estrogen and androgen receptor activities of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and surface and ground water in a drilling-dense region: Endocrinology, v. 155, no. 3, p. 897-907, https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1697.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"897","endPage":"907","ipdsId":"IP-049070","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1697","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283996,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1697"},{"id":283999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"155","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517037e4b05569d805a1ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kassotis, Christopher D.","contributorId":26967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kassotis","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J. Wade hdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":94585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.","email":"hdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wade","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hormann, Anette M.","contributorId":32077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hormann","given":"Anette","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagel, Susan C.","contributorId":56147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagel","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70124549,"text":"70124549 - 2014 - Effects of wetland management on carrying capacity of diving ducks and shorebirds in a coastal estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-09T18:02:06.265668","indexId":"70124549","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T08:54:36","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of wetland management on carrying capacity of diving ducks and shorebirds in a coastal estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>With global loss of natural wetlands, managed wetlands increasingly support energy requirements for wintering shorebirds and waterfowl. Despite numerous studies of avian bioenergetics in freshwater systems, less is known of the energetic capacity of estuarine systems. In San Francisco Bay, managed saline ponds converted from former commercial salt evaporation ponds form part of the largest wetland restoration project on the Pacific coast of North America. A daily-ration model was applied to assess carrying capacity for diving ducks and shorebirds during four winter seasons (2007–2010) in seasonal and circulation ponds, each in two salinity classes. Diving ducks comprised an estimated 35,450 ± 1,559 (</span><a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/cowa/37/1/063.037.0108/graphic/fi01_52.gif\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/cowa/37/1/063.037.0108/graphic/fi01_52.gif\"><img src=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/cowa/37/1/063.037.0108/graphic/WebImages/fi01_52.gif\" alt=\"fi01_52.gif\" data-mce-src=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/cowa/37/1/063.037.0108/graphic/WebImages/fi01_52.gif\"></a><span>&nbsp;± SE) in average years and 45,458 ± 1,653 in peak years with &gt; 95% in circulation ponds. Shorebirds comprised 64,253 ± 14,838 (</span><a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/cowa/37/1/063.037.0108/graphic/fi01_52.gif\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/cowa/37/1/063.037.0108/graphic/fi01_52.gif\"><img src=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/cowa/37/1/063.037.0108/graphic/WebImages/fi01_52.gif\" alt=\"fi01_52.gif\" data-mce-src=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/cowa/37/1/063.037.0108/graphic/WebImages/fi01_52.gif\"></a><span>&nbsp;± SE) in average years and 108,171 ± 4,854 in peak years with &gt; 64% in seasonal ponds. Macroinvertebrate energy density was highest in mesohaline (5–30 ppt) circulation ponds and lowest in seasonal ponds for both guilds. Energy requirements for diving ducks in mesohaline followed by low-hyperhaline (30–80 ppt) circulation ponds were mostly met by available prey energy. Available energy for shorebirds was substantially less than they required in seasonal ponds but exceeded their needs in mesohaline circulation ponds. Mesohaline circulation ponds supported 9,443 ± 1,649 (</span><a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/cowa/37/1/063.037.0108/graphic/fi01_52.gif\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/cowa/37/1/063.037.0108/graphic/fi01_52.gif\"><img src=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/cowa/37/1/063.037.0108/graphic/WebImages/fi01_52.gif\" alt=\"fi01_52.gif\" data-mce-src=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/cowa/37/1/063.037.0108/graphic/WebImages/fi01_52.gif\"></a><span>&nbsp;± SE) shorebird use-days·ha</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;of accessible habitat and 2,297 ± 402 diving duck use-days·ha</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;of accessible habitat, twice the capacity of low-hyperhaline circulation ponds and greater than five times that of seasonal ponds for both guilds. Our results indicated that reducing salinity to mesohaline levels and altering water depth to increase accessibility substantially increased energy available for these species in estuarine managed ponds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.037.0108","usgsCitation":"Brand, L.A., Takekawa, J.Y., Shinn, J., Graham, T., Buffington, K., Gustafson, K.B., Smith, L.M., Spring, S.E., and Miles, A.K., 2014, Effects of wetland management on carrying capacity of diving ducks and shorebirds in a coastal estuary: Waterbirds, v. 37, no. 1, p. 52-67, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.037.0108.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-051533","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.22,37.42 ], [ -122.22,37.62 ], [ -121.93,37.62 ], [ -121.93,37.42 ], [ -122.22,37.42 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b1ee4b082fed288b909","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brand, L. Arriana arriana_brand@usgs.gov","contributorId":4406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"L.","email":"arriana_brand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Arriana","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":500894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shinn, Joel","contributorId":23078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Tanya","contributorId":28175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Tanya","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buffington, Kevin","contributorId":100757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gustafson, K. Benjamin 0000-0003-3530-0372 kgustafson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-0372","contributorId":5568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"K.","email":"kgustafson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Lacy M. 0000-0001-6733-1080 lmsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6733-1080","contributorId":4772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lacy","email":"lmsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Spring, Sarah E. 0000-0003-1586-4875 sarah_spring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1586-4875","contributorId":3371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spring","given":"Sarah","email":"sarah_spring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70098977,"text":"70098977 - 2014 - Assessment of floodplain vulnerability during extreme Mississippi River flood 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-20T08:56:01","indexId":"70098977","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T08:49:15","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of floodplain vulnerability during extreme Mississippi River flood 2011","docAbstract":"Regional change in the variability and magnitude of flooding could be a major consequence of future global climate change. Extreme floods have the capacity to rapidly transform landscapes and expose landscape vulnerabilities through highly variable spatial patterns of inundation, erosion, and deposition. We use the historic activation of the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway during the Mississippi and Ohio River Flooding of 2011 as a scientifically unique stress experiment to analyze indicators of floodplain vulnerability. We use pre- and postflood airborne Light Detection and Ranging data sets to locate erosional and depositional hotspots over the 540 km<sup>2</sup> agricultural Floodway. While riparian vegetation between the river and the main levee breach likely prevented widespread deposition, localized scour and deposition occurred near the levee breaches. Eroded gullies nearly 1 km in length were observed at a low ridge of a relict meander scar of the Mississippi River. Our flow modeling and spatial mapping analysis attributes this vulnerability to a combination of erodible soils, flow acceleration associated with legacy fluvial landforms, and a lack of woody vegetation to anchor soil and enhance flow resistance. Results from this study could guide future mitigation and adaptation measures in cases of extreme flooding.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es404760t","usgsCitation":"Goodwell, A.E., Zhu, Z., Dutta, D., Greenberg, J.A., Kumar, P., Garcia, M., Rhoads, B.L., Holmes, R.R., Parker, G., Berretta, D.P., and Jacobson, R.B., 2014, Assessment of floodplain vulnerability during extreme Mississippi River flood 2011: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 5, p. 2619-2625, https://doi.org/10.1021/es404760t.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2619","endPage":"2625","ipdsId":"IP-049213","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284281,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es404760t"},{"id":284282,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es404760t"}],"state":"Illinois","city":"Cairo","otherGeospatial":"Birds Point New Madrid (bpnm) Floodway","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.2314,36.973 ], [ -89.2314,37.088 ], [ -89.139,37.088 ], [ -89.139,36.973 ], [ -89.2314,36.973 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517025e4b05569d805a166","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodwell, Allison E.","contributorId":37639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwell","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Zhenduo","contributorId":83828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhenduo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dutta, Debsunder","contributorId":76642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutta","given":"Debsunder","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenberg, Jonathan A.","contributorId":46870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kumar, Praveen","contributorId":81405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Praveen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garcia, Marcelo H.","contributorId":74236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Marcelo H.","affiliations":[{"id":33106,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rhoads, Bruce L.","contributorId":20248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhoads","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Parker, Gary","contributorId":104326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Berretta, David P.","contributorId":71875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berretta","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70096756,"text":"70096756 - 2014 - A methodology for adaptable and robust ecosystem services assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-14T08:49:02","indexId":"70096756","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T08:46:32","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A methodology for adaptable and robust ecosystem services assessment","docAbstract":"Ecosystem Services (ES) are an established conceptual framework for attributing value to the benefits that nature provides to humans. As the promise of robust ES-driven management is put to the test, shortcomings in our ability to accurately measure, map, and value ES have surfaced. On the research side, mainstream methods for ES assessment still fall short of addressing the complex, multi-scale biophysical and socioeconomic dynamics inherent in ES provision, flow, and use. On the practitioner side, application of methods remains onerous due to data and model parameterization requirements. Further, it is increasingly clear that the dominant “one model fits all” paradigm is often ill-suited to address the diversity of real-world management situations that exist across the broad spectrum of coupled human-natural systems. This article introduces an integrated ES modeling methodology, named ARIES (ARtificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services), which aims to introduce improvements on these fronts. To improve conceptual detail and representation of ES dynamics, it adopts a uniform conceptualization of ES that gives equal emphasis to their production, flow and use by society, while keeping model complexity low enough to enable rapid and inexpensive assessment in many contexts and for multiple services. To improve fit to diverse application contexts, the methodology is assisted by model integration technologies that allow assembly of customized models from a growing model base. By using computer learning and reasoning, model structure may be specialized for each application context without requiring costly expertise. In this article we discuss the founding principles of ARIES - both its innovative aspects for ES science and as an example of a new strategy to support more accurate decision making in diverse application contexts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0091001","usgsCitation":"Villa, F., Bagstad, K.J., Voigt, B., Johnson, G.W., Portela, R., Honzak, M., and Batker, D., 2014, A methodology for adaptable and robust ecosystem services assessment: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 3, e91001; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091001.","productDescription":"e91001; 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-051219","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283998,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283997,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091001"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53516ef2e4b05569d8059f23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villa, Ferdinando","contributorId":84249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villa","given":"Ferdinando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voigt, Brian","contributorId":102962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voigt","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Gary W.","contributorId":90618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Portela, Rosimeiry","contributorId":102791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Portela","given":"Rosimeiry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Honzak, Miroslav","contributorId":97815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honzak","given":"Miroslav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Batker, David","contributorId":39288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batker","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70173443,"text":"70173443 - 2014 - Linking bovine tuberculosis on cattle farms to white-tailed deer and environmental variables using Bayesian hierarchical analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T09:27:36","indexId":"70173443","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking bovine tuberculosis on cattle farms to white-tailed deer and environmental variables using Bayesian hierarchical analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bovine tuberculosis is a bacterial disease caused by&nbsp;</span><i>Mycobacterium bovis</i><span>&nbsp;in livestock and wildlife with hosts that include Eurasian badgers (</span><i>Meles meles</i><span>), brushtail possum (</span><i>Trichosurus vulpecula</i><span>), and white-tailed deer (</span><i>Odocoileus virginianus</i><span>). Risk-assessment efforts in Michigan have been initiated on farms to minimize interactions of cattle with wildlife hosts but research on</span><i>M. bovis</i><span>&nbsp;on cattle farms has not investigated the spatial context of disease epidemiology. To incorporate spatially explicit data, initial likelihood of infection probabilities for cattle farms tested for&nbsp;</span><i>M. bovis</i><span>, prevalence of&nbsp;</span><i>M. bovis</i><span>&nbsp;in white-tailed deer, deer density, and environmental variables for each farm were modeled in a Bayesian hierarchical framework. We used geo-referenced locations of 762 cattle farms that have been tested for&nbsp;</span><i>M. bovis</i><span>, white-tailed deer prevalence, and several environmental variables that may lead to long-term survival and viability of&nbsp;</span><i>M. bovis</i><span>&nbsp;on farms and surrounding habitats (i.e., soil type, habitat type). Bayesian hierarchical analyses identified deer prevalence and proportion of sandy soil within our sampling grid as the most supported model. Analysis of cattle farms tested for&nbsp;</span><i>M. bovis</i><span>identified that for every 1% increase in sandy soil resulted in an increase in odds of infection by 4%. Our analysis revealed that the influence of prevalence of&nbsp;</span><i>M. bovis</i><span>&nbsp;in white-tailed deer was still a concern even after considerable efforts to prevent cattle interactions with white-tailed deer through on-farm mitigation and reduction in the deer population. Cattle farms test positive for&nbsp;</span><i>M. bovis</i><span>&nbsp;annually in our study area suggesting that the potential for an environmental source either on farms or in the surrounding landscape may contributing to new or re-infections with&nbsp;</span><i>M. bovis</i><span>. Our research provides an initial assessment of potential environmental factors that could be incorporated into additional modeling efforts as more knowledge of deer herd factors and cattle farm prevalence is documented.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0090925","usgsCitation":"Walter, W.D., Smith, R., Vanderklok, M., and VerCauterren, K.C., 2014, Linking bovine tuberculosis on cattle farms to white-tailed deer and environmental variables using Bayesian hierarchical analysis: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 3, e90925; 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090925.","productDescription":"e90925; 8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050890","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090925","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Alcona County, Alpena County, Montmorency County, Oscoda County, Presque Isle 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913d4e4b07657d19ff154","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, W. David 0000-0003-3068-1073 wwalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-1073","contributorId":5083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"W.","email":"wwalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Rick","contributorId":172191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vanderklok, Mike","contributorId":172192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vanderklok","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"VerCauterren, Kurt C.","contributorId":113875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VerCauterren","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174966,"text":"70174966 - 2014 - Can uncertainties in sea ice albedo reconcile patterns of data-model discord for the Pliocene and 20th/21st centuries?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-25T13:37:40","indexId":"70174966","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can uncertainties in sea ice albedo reconcile patterns of data-model discord for the Pliocene and 20th/21st centuries?","docAbstract":"<p><span>General Circulation Model simulations of the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP, 3.264 to 3.025 Myr ago) currently underestimate the level of warming that proxy data suggest existed at high latitudes, with discrepancies of up to 11&deg;C for sea surface temperature estimates and 17&deg;C for surface air temperature estimates. Sea ice has a strong influence on high-latitude climates, partly due to the albedo feedback. We present results demonstrating the effects of reductions in minimum sea ice albedo limits in general circulation model simulations of the mPWP. While mean annual surface air temperature increases of up to 6&deg;C are observed in the Arctic, the maximum decrease in model-data discrepancies is just 0.81&deg;C. Mean annual sea surface temperatures increase by up to 2&deg;C, with a maximum model-data discrepancy improvement of 1.31&deg;C. It is also suggested that the simulation of observed 21st century sea ice decline could be influenced by the adjustment of the sea ice albedo parameterization.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2013GL058872","usgsCitation":"Howell, F.W., Haywood, A.M., Dolan, A.M., Dowsett, H.J., Francis, J.E., Hill, D.J., Pickering, S.J., Pope, J.O., Salzmann, U., and Wade, B.S., 2014, Can uncertainties in sea ice albedo reconcile patterns of data-model discord for the Pliocene and 20th/21st centuries?: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 6, p. 2011-2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058872.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2011","endPage":"2018","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053899","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/80158/1/Can%20uncertainties%20in%20sea%20ice%20albedo%20reconcile%20patterns%20of%20data-model%20discord%20for%20the%20Pliocene%20and%2020th21st%20centuries.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":325603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5797382ee4b021cadec8ff15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, Fergus W.","contributorId":173110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howell","given":"Fergus","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haywood, Alan M.","contributorId":86663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dolan, Aisling M.","contributorId":30117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"Aisling","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Francis, Jane E","contributorId":173147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Francis","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":25631,"text":"British Antarctic Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hill, Daniel J.","contributorId":80993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pickering, Steven J.","contributorId":147378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pickering","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pope, James O.","contributorId":173148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pope","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Salzmann, Ulrich","contributorId":173101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salzmann","given":"Ulrich","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18103,"text":"Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wade, Bidget S","contributorId":173149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wade","given":"Bidget","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":6957,"text":"University College London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70190469,"text":"70190469 - 2014 - Distinguishing between tectonic and lithologic controls on bedrock channel longitudinal profiles using cosmogenic 10Be erosion rates and channel steepness index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-01T10:10:41","indexId":"70190469","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Distinguishing between tectonic and lithologic controls on bedrock channel longitudinal profiles using cosmogenic <i>10</i>Be erosion rates and channel steepness index","title":"Distinguishing between tectonic and lithologic controls on bedrock channel longitudinal profiles using cosmogenic 10Be erosion rates and channel steepness index","docAbstract":"<p><span>Knickpoints in fluvial channel longitudinal profiles and channel steepness index values derived from digital elevation data can be used to detect tectonic structures and infer spatial patterns of uplift. However, changes in lithologic resistance to channel incision can also influence the morphology of longitudinal profiles. We compare the spatial patterns of both channel steepness index and cosmogenic&nbsp;</span><sup>10</sup><span>Be-determined erosion rates from four landscapes in Italy, where the geology and tectonics are well constrained, to four theoretical predictions of channel morphologies, which can be interpreted as the result of primarily tectonic or lithologic controls. These data indicate that longitudinal profile forms controlled by unsteady or nonuniform tectonics can be distinguished from those controlled by nonuniform lithologic resistance. In each landscape the distribution of channel steepness index and erosion rates is consistent with model predictions and demonstrates that cosmogenic nuclide methods can be applied to distinguish between these two controlling factors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.12.010","usgsCitation":"Cyr, A.J., Granger, D., Olivetti, V., and Molin, P., 2014, Distinguishing between tectonic and lithologic controls on bedrock channel longitudinal profiles using cosmogenic 10Be erosion rates and channel steepness index: Geomorphology, v. 209, p. 27-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.12.010.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"38","ipdsId":"IP-025041","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"209","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59aa71dae4b0e9bde130cff0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cyr, Andrew J. 0000-0003-2293-5395 acyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2293-5395","contributorId":3539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cyr","given":"Andrew","email":"acyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granger, Darryl E.","contributorId":40137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granger","given":"Darryl E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Olivetti, Valerio","contributorId":191611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olivetti","given":"Valerio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Molin, Paola","contributorId":196097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molin","given":"Paola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70168379,"text":"70168379 - 2014 - Similar resilience attributes in lakes with different management practices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-11T13:35:48","indexId":"70168379","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Similar resilience attributes in lakes with different management practices","docAbstract":"<p><span>Liming has been used extensively in Scandinavia and elsewhere since the 1970s to counteract the negative effects of acidification. Communities in limed lakes usually return to acidified conditions once liming is discontinued, suggesting that liming is unlikely to shift acidified lakes to a state equivalent to pre-acidification conditions that requires no further management intervention. While this suggests a low resilience of limed lakes, attributes that confer resilience have not been assessed, limiting our understanding of the efficiency of costly management programs. In this study, we assessed community metrics (diversity, richness, evenness, biovolume), multivariate community structure and the relative resilience of phytoplankton in limed, acidified and circum-neutral lakes from 1997 to 2009, using multivariate time series modeling. We identified dominant temporal frequencies in the data, allowing us to track community change at distinct temporal scales. We assessed two attributes of relative resilience (cross-scale and within-scale structure) of the phytoplankton communities, based on the fluctuation frequency patterns identified. We also assessed species with stochastic temporal dynamics. Liming increased phytoplankton diversity and richness; however, multivariate community structure differed in limed relative to acidified and circum-neutral lakes. Cross-scale and within-scale attributes of resilience were similar across all lakes studied but the contribution of those species exhibiting stochastic dynamics was higher in the acidified and limed compared to circum-neutral lakes. From a resilience perspective, our results suggest that limed lakes comprise a particular condition of an acidified lake state. This explains why liming does not move acidified lakes out of a &ldquo;degraded&rdquo; basin of attraction. In addition, our study demonstrates the potential of time series modeling to assess the efficiency of restoration and management outcomes through quantification of the attributes contributing to resilience in ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0091881","usgsCitation":"Baho, D.L., Drakare, S., Johnson, R.K., Allen, C.R., and Angeler, D., 2014, Similar resilience attributes in lakes with different management practices: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 3, e91881: 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091881.","productDescription":"e91881: 10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054485","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091881","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Sweden","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[22.18317,65.72374],[21.21352,65.02601],[21.36963,64.41359],[19.77888,63.60955],[17.84778,62.7494],[17.11955,61.34117],[17.83135,60.63658],[18.78772,60.08191],[17.86922,58.95377],[16.82919,58.71983],[16.44771,57.04112],[15.87979,56.1043],[14.66668,56.20089],[14.10072,55.40778],[12.94291,55.36174],[12.6251,56.30708],[11.78794,57.44182],[11.02737,58.85615],[11.46827,59.43239],[12.30037,60.11793],[12.63115,61.29357],[11.99206,61.80036],[11.93057,63.12832],[12.57994,64.06622],[13.57192,64.04911],[13.91991,64.44542],[13.55569,64.78703],[15.10841,66.19387],[16.10871,67.30246],[16.76888,68.01394],[17.72918,68.01055],[17.99387,68.56739],[19.87856,68.40719],[20.02527,69.06514],[20.64559,69.10625],[21.97853,68.61685],[23.53947,67.93601],[23.56588,66.39605],[23.90338,66.00693],[22.18317,65.72374]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Sweden\"}}]}","volume":"9","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bdbecbe4b06458514aeee2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baho, Didier L.","contributorId":166724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baho","given":"Didier","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drakare, Stina","contributorId":166738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drakare","given":"Stina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Richard K.","contributorId":21810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Angeler, David G.","contributorId":25027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeler","given":"David G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70189231,"text":"70189231 - 2014 - Wildland fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T11:37:27","indexId":"70189231","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildland fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">Fire transforms fuels (i.e. biomass, necromass, soil organic matter) into materials with different chemical and physical properties. One of these materials is ash, which is the particulate residue remaining or deposited on the ground that consists of mineral materials and charred organic components. The quantity and characteristics of ash produced during a wildland fire depend mainly on (1) the total burned fuel (i.e. fuel load), (2) fuel type and (3) its combustion completeness. For a given fuel load and type, a higher combustion completeness will reduce the ash organic carbon content, increasing the relative mineral content, and hence reducing total mass of ash produced. The homogeneity and thickness of the ash layer can vary substantially in space and time and reported average thicknesses range from close to 0 to 50&nbsp;mm. Ash is a highly mobile material that, after its deposition, may be incorporated into the soil profile, redistributed or removed from a burned site within days or weeks by wind and water erosion to surface depressions, footslopes, streams, lakes, reservoirs and, potentially, into marine deposits.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">Research on the composition, properties and effects of ash on the burned ecosystem has been conducted on material collected in the field after wildland and prescribed fires as well as on material produced in the laboratory. At low combustion completeness (typically T&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;450&nbsp;°C), ash is organic-rich, with organic carbon as the main component. At high combustion completeness (T&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;450&nbsp;°C), most organic carbon is volatized and the remaining mineral ash has elevated pH when in solution. It is composed mainly of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, silicon and phosphorous in the form of inorganic carbonates, whereas at T&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;580&nbsp;°C the most common forms are oxides. Ash produced under lower combustion completeness is usually darker, coarser, and less dense and has a higher saturated hydraulic conductivity than ash with higher combustion completeness, although physical reactions with CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and when moistened produce further changes in ash characteristics.</p><p id=\"sp0015\">As a new material present after a wildland fire, ash can have profound effects on ecosystems. It affects biogeochemical cycles, including the C cycle, not only within the burned area, but also globally. Ash incorporated into the soil increases temporarily soil pH and nutrient pools and changes physical properties such as albedo, soil texture and hydraulic properties including water repellency. Ash modifies soil hydrologic behavior by creating a two-layer system: the soil and the ash layer, which can function in different ways depending on (1) ash depth and type, (2) soil type and (3) rainfall characteristics. Key parameters are the ash's water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity and its potential to clog soil pores. Runoff from burned areas carries soluble nutrients contained in ash, which can lead to problems for potable water supplies. Ash deposition also stimulates soil microbial activity and vegetation growth.</p><p id=\"sp0020\">Further work is needed to (1) standardize methods for investigating ash and its effects on the ecosystem, (2) characterize ash properties for specific ecosystems and wildland fire types, (3) determine the effects of ash on human and ecosystem health, especially when transported by wind or water, (4) investigate ash's controls on water and soil losses at slope and catchment scales, (5) examine its role in the C cycle, and (6) study its redistribution and fate in the environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.12.007","usgsCitation":"Bodi, M.B., Martin, D.A., Balfour, V.N., Santin, C., Doerr, S.H., Pereira, P., Cerda, A., and Mataix-Solera, J., 2014, Wildland fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 130, p. 103-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.12.007.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"127","ipdsId":"IP-053418","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c42e4b0d1f9f057e360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodi, Merche B.","contributorId":194266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodi","given":"Merche","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":168662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balfour, Victoria N.","contributorId":194267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balfour","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Santin, Cristina","contributorId":194268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santin","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doerr, Stefan H.","contributorId":194269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doerr","given":"Stefan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pereira, Paulo","contributorId":194270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pereira","given":"Paulo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cerda, Artemi","contributorId":194271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cerda","given":"Artemi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mataix-Solera, Jorge","contributorId":194272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mataix-Solera","given":"Jorge","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70193619,"text":"70193619 - 2014 - Volcanic tremor masks its seismogenic source: Results from a study of noneruptive tremor recorded at Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-05T09:40:22","indexId":"70193619","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic tremor masks its seismogenic source: Results from a study of noneruptive tremor recorded at Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>On 2 October 2004, a significant noneruptive tremor episode occurred during the buildup to the 2004–2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens (Washington). This episode was remarkable both because no explosion followed, and because seismicity abruptly stopped following the episode. This sequence motivated us to consider a model for volcanic tremor that does not involve energetic gas release from magma but does involve movement of conduit magma through extension on its way toward the surface. We found that the tremor signal was composed entirely of Love and Rayleigh waves and that its spectral bandwidth increased and decreased with signal amplitude, with broader bandwidth signals containing both higher and lower frequencies. Our modeling results demonstrate that the forces giving rise to this tremor were largely normal to conduit walls, generating hybrid head waves along conduit walls that are coupled to internally reflected waves. Together these form a crucial part of conduit resonance, giving tremor wavefields that are largely a function of waveguide geometry and velocity. We find that the mechanism of tremor generation fundamentally masks the nature of the seismogenic source giving rise to resonance. Thus multiple models can be invoked to explain volcanic tremor, requiring that information from other sources (such as visual observations, geodesy, geology, and gas geochemistry) be used to constrain source models. With concurrent GPS and field data supporting rapid rise of magma, we infer that tremor resulted from drag of nearly solid magma along rough conduit walls as magma was forced toward the surface.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010698","usgsCitation":"Denlinger, R.P., and Moran, S.C., 2014, Volcanic tremor masks its seismogenic source: Results from a study of noneruptive tremor recorded at Mount St. Helens, Washington: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 3, p. 2230-2251, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010698.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"2230","endPage":"2251","ipdsId":"IP-051670","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jb010698","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.29362487792969,\n              46.13845231463026\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10617065429688,\n              46.13845231463026\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10617065429688,\n              46.26771487683375\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.29362487792969,\n              46.26771487683375\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.29362487792969,\n              46.13845231463026\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eabe4b0531197b27fae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176216,"text":"70176216 - 2014 - Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in Aptian carbonates, onshore northern Gulf of Mexico Basin, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-01T15:40:50","indexId":"70176216","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1344,"text":"Cretaceous Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in Aptian carbonates, onshore northern Gulf of Mexico Basin, United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Carbonate lithofacies of the Lower Cretaceous Sligo Formation and James Limestone were regionally evaluated using established U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment methodology for undiscovered conventional hydrocarbon resources. The assessed area is within the Upper Jurassic–Cretaceous–Tertiary Composite total petroleum system, which was defined for the assessment. Hydrocarbons reservoired in carbonate platform Sligo-James oil and gas accumulations are interpreted to originate primarily from the Jurassic Smackover Formation. Emplacement of hydrocarbons occurred via vertical migration along fault systems; long-range lateral migration also may have occurred in some locations. Primary reservoir facies include porous patch reefs developed over paleostructural salt highs, carbonate shoals, and stacked linear reefs at the carbonate shelf margin. Hydrocarbon traps dominantly are combination structural-stratigraphic. Sealing lithologies include micrite, calcareous shale, and argillaceous lime mudstone. A geologic model, supported by discovery history analysis of petroleum geology data, was used to define a single regional assessment unit (AU) for conventional reservoirs in carbonate facies of the Sligo Formation and James Limestone. The AU is formally entitled Sligo-James Carbonate Platform Oil and Gas (50490121). A fully risked mean undiscovered technically recoverable resource in the AU of 50 million barrels of oil (MMBO), 791 billion cubic feet of natural gas (BCFG), and 26 million barrels of natural gas liquids was estimated. Substantial new development through horizontal drilling has occurred since the time of this assessment (2010), resulting in cumulative production of &gt;200&nbsp;BCFG and &gt;1&nbsp;MMBO.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cretres.2013.12.005","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., and Karlsen, A.W., 2014, Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in Aptian carbonates, onshore northern Gulf of Mexico Basin, United States: Cretaceous Research, v. 48, p. 225-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2013.12.005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"234","ipdsId":"IP-051557","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -88,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -88,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              26\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c9512de4b0f2f0cec15be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander W.","contributorId":105382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70154815,"text":"70154815 - 2014 - Mercury bioaccumulation in Southern Appalachian birds, assessed through feather concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T13:55:54","indexId":"70154815","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury bioaccumulation in Southern Appalachian birds, assessed through feather concentrations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mercury contamination in wildlife has rarely been studied in the Southern Appalachians despite high deposition rates in the region. From 2006 to 2008 we sampled feathers from 458 birds representing 32 species in the Southern Appalachians for total mercury and stable isotope&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">&delta;</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>15</span><span>N. Mercury concentrations (mean&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;SE) averaged 0.46&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.02&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;g</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;(range 0.01&ndash;3.74&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;g</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>). Twelve of 32 species had individuals (7&nbsp;% of all birds sampled) with mercury concentrations higher than 1&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;g</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>. Mercury concentrations were 17&nbsp;% higher in juveniles compared to adults (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;454). In adults, invertivores has higher mercury levels compared to omnivores. Mercury was highest at low-elevation sites near water, however mercury was detected in all birds, including those in the high elevations (1,000&ndash;2,000&nbsp;m). Relative trophic position, calculated from&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">&delta;</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>15</span><span>N, ranged from 2.13 to 4.87 across all birds. We fitted linear mixed-effects models to the data separately for juveniles and year-round resident adults. In adults, mercury concentrations were 2.4 times higher in invertivores compared to omnivores. Trophic position was the main effect explaining mercury levels in juveniles, with an estimated 0.18&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.08&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;g</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;increase in feather mercury for each one unit rise in trophic position. Our research demonstrates that mercury is biomagnifying in birds within this terrestrial mountainous system, and further research is warranted for animals foraging at higher trophic levels, particularly those associated with aquatic environments downslope from montane areas receiving high mercury deposition.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10646-013-1174-6","usgsCitation":"Keller, R.H., Xie, L., Buchwalter, D.B., Franzreb, K.E., and Simons, T.R., 2014, Mercury bioaccumulation in Southern Appalachian birds, assessed through feather concentrations: Ecotoxicology, v. 23, no. 2, p. 304-316, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1174-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"304","endPage":"316","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044870","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfb8e4b08400b1fe1414","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keller, Rebecca Hylton","contributorId":12213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"Hylton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xie, Lingtian","contributorId":65209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xie","given":"Lingtian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buchwalter, David B.","contributorId":11927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwalter","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franzreb, Kathleen E.","contributorId":146487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franzreb","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simons, Theodore R. 0000-0002-1884-6229 tsimons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-6229","contributorId":2623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Theodore","email":"tsimons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70187418,"text":"70187418 - 2014 - Productivity and linkages of the food web of the southern region of the western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-02T13:18:55","indexId":"70187418","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3194,"text":"Progress in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Productivity and linkages of the food web of the southern region of the western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract svAbstract \" data-etype=\"ab\"><p id=\"sp0010\">The productivity and linkages in the food web of the southern region of the west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf were investigated using a multi-trophic level mass balance model. Data collected during the Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics field program were combined with data from the literature on the abundance and diet composition of zooplankton, fish, seabirds and marine mammals to calculate energy flows in the food web and to infer the overall food web structure at the annual level. Sensitivity analyses investigated the effects of variability in growth and biomass of Antarctic krill (<i>Euphausia superba</i>) and in the biomass of Antarctic krill predators on the structure and energy fluxes in the food web. Scenario simulations provided insights into the potential responses of the food web to a reduced contribution of large phytoplankton (diatom) production to total primary production, and to reduced consumption of primary production by Antarctic krill and mesozooplankton coincident with increased consumption by microzooplankton and salps. Model-derived estimates of primary production were 187–207&nbsp;g&nbsp;C&nbsp;m<sup>−2</sup>&nbsp;y<sup>−1</sup>, which are consistent with observed values (47–351&nbsp;g&nbsp;C&nbsp;m<sup>−2</sup>&nbsp;y<sup>−1</sup>). Simulations showed that Antarctic krill provide the majority of energy needed to sustain seabird and marine mammal production, thereby exerting a bottom-up control on higher trophic level predators. Energy transfer to top predators via mesozooplanton was a less efficient pathway, and salps were a production loss pathway because little of the primary production they consumed was passed to higher trophic levels. Increased predominance of small phytoplankton (nanoflagellates and cryptophytes) reduced the production of Antarctic krill and of its predators, including seabirds and seals.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2013.11.007","usgsCitation":"Ballerini, T., Hofmann, E.E., Ainley, D.G., Daly, K.L., Marrari, M., Ribic, C.A., Smith, W.O., and Steele, J.H., 2014, Productivity and linkages of the food web of the southern region of the western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf: Progress in Oceanography, v. 122, p. 10-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2013.11.007.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"29","ipdsId":"IP-041688","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/89355","text":"External Repository"},{"id":340742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.1796875,\n              -70.35570565618842\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.95166015624999,\n              -70.35570565618842\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.95166015624999,\n              -66.02694736625703\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.1796875,\n              -66.02694736625703\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.1796875,\n              -70.35570565618842\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"122","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59099ab0e4b0fc4e4491580a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballerini, Tosca","contributorId":191713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballerini","given":"Tosca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofmann, Eileen E.","contributorId":55726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ainley, David G.","contributorId":32039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ainley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":34154,"text":"Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daly, Kendra L.","contributorId":79018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daly","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marrari, Marina","contributorId":191715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marrari","given":"Marina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ribic, Christine A. caribic@usgs.gov","contributorId":831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Walker O. Jr.","contributorId":191716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Walker","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Steele, John H.","contributorId":191717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steele","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70135240,"text":"70135240 - 2014 - Can antibrowsing defense regulate the spread of woody vegetation in arctic tundra?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T12:54:11","indexId":"70135240","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can antibrowsing defense regulate the spread of woody vegetation in arctic tundra?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Global climate warming is projected to promote the increase of woody plants, especially shrubs, in arctic tundra. Many factors may affect the extent of this increase, including browsing by mammals. We hypothesize that across the Arctic the effect of browsing will vary because of regional variation in antibrowsing chemical defense. Using birch (</span><i>Betula</i><span>) as a case study, we propose that browsing is unlikely to retard birch expansion in the region extending eastward from the Lena River in central Siberia across Beringia and the continental tundra of central and eastern Canada where the more effectively defended resin birches predominate. Browsing is more likely to retard birch expansion in tundra west of the Lena to Fennoscandia, Iceland, Greenland and South Baffin Island where the less effectively defended non-resin birches predominate. Evidence from the literature supports this hypothesis. We further suggest that the effect of warming on the supply of plant-available nitrogen will not significantly change either this pan-Arctic pattern of variation in antibrowsing defense or the resultant effect that browsing has on birch expansion in tundra. However, within central and east Beringia warming-caused increases in plant-available nitrogen combined with wildfire could initiate amplifying feedback loops that could accelerate shrubification of tundra by the more effectively defended resin birches. This accelerated shrubification of tundra by resin birch, if extensive, could reduce the food supply of caribou causing population declines. We conclude with a brief discussion of modeling methods that show promise in projecting invasion of tundra by woody plants.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00436.x","usgsCitation":"Bryant, J.P., Joly, K., Chapin, F.S., DeAngelis, D., and Kielland, K., 2014, Can antibrowsing defense regulate the spread of woody vegetation in arctic tundra?: Ecography, v. 37, no. 3, p. 204-211, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00436.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044470","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548c1fc8e4b0ca8c43c3695c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryant, John P.","contributorId":39227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryant","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapin, F. Stuart III","contributorId":65632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Stuart","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":127811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kielland, Knut","contributorId":39627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kielland","given":"Knut","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":527111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70068744,"text":"sir20105090I - 2014 - Porphyry copper assessment of Central America and the Caribbean Basin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70068744,"text":"sir20105090I - 2014 - Porphyry copper assessment of Central America and the Caribbean Basin","indexId":"sir20105090I","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Porphyry copper assessment of Central America and the Caribbean Basin"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T17:03:35.638028","indexId":"sir20105090I","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-28T14:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"I","title":"Porphyry copper assessment of Central America and the Caribbean Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Mineral resource assessments provide a synthesis of available information about distributions of mineral deposits in the Earth&rsquo;s crust. The U.S. Geological Survey prepared a probabilistic mineral resource assessment of undiscovered resources in porphyry copper deposits in Central America and the Caribbean Basin in collaboration with geoscientists from academia and the minerals industry. The purpose of the study was to (1) delineate permissive areas (tracts) for undiscovered porphyry copper deposits within 1 kilometer of the surface at a scale of 1:1,000,000; (2) provide a database of known porphyry copper deposits and significant prospects; (3) estimate numbers of undiscovered deposits within the permissive tracts; and (4) provide probabilistic estimates of amounts of copper, molybdenum, gold, and silver that could be contained in undiscovered deposits. The assessment was done using a three-part mineral resource assessment based on established mineral deposit models. Permissive tracts were delineated based primarily on distributions of mapped igneous rocks related to magmatic arcs that formed in tectonic settings associated with convergent plate margins. Five permissive tracts were delineated: the Early Cretaceous through Eocene Santiago tract, the Late Cretaceous through Oligocene Chortis tract, the Paleocene through Oligocene Dari&eacute;n tract, the Miocene and Pliocene Cocos tract, and the Eocene to Holocene Lesser Antilles tract. These tracts range in size from about 3,000 to about 204,000 square kilometers.</p>\n<p>Probabilistic estimates of numbers of undiscovered deposits were made for all tracts. To estimate the number of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits, data on known mineral deposits, prospects, and occurrences were considered along with mapped alteration zones, local stream-sediment geochemistry, exploration history, descriptive deposit models, and grade and tonnage models.</p>\n<p>Most porphyry copper exploration in Central America and the Caribbean Basin has focused on Panama and on the exposed Cretaceous to Eocene central Cordilleran arc that extends from Cuba and Jamaica through Haiti and the Dominican Republic to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Interest in gold has prompted exploration of historical precious-metal prospects and small mines, some of which may represent high-sulfidation epithermal systems or skarns overlying, or adjacent to, porphyry copper systems.</p>\n<p>This assessment estimated a total mean of 37 undiscovered porphyry copper deposits within the assessed permissive tracts in Central America and the Caribbean Basin. This represents more than five times the seven known deposits. Predicted mean (arithmetic) resources that could be associated with these undiscovered deposits are about 130 million metric tons of copper and about 5,200 metric tons of gold, as well as byproduct molybdenum and silver. The reported identified resources for the seven known deposits total about 39 million metric tons of copper and about 930 metric tons of gold. The assessment area is estimated to contain nearly four times as much copper and six times as much gold in undiscovered porphyry copper deposits as has been identified to date.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090I","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona and Recursos del Caribe, S.A.","usgsCitation":"Gray, F., Hammarstrom, J.M., Ludington, S., Zürcher, L., Nelson, C.E., Robinson, G.R., Miller, R.J., and Moring, B.C., 2014, Porphyry copper assessment of Central America and the Caribbean Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090, Report: vii, 81 p.; GIS Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090I.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 81 p.; GIS 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,{"id":70093901,"text":"ofr20141030 - 2014 - 2013 update on sea otter studies to assess recovery from the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:38:53","indexId":"ofr20141030","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-28T09:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1030","title":"2013 update on sea otter studies to assess recovery from the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"On March 24, 1989, the tanker vessel Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska, spilling an estimated 42 million liters of Prudhoe Bay crude oil. Oil spread in a southwesterly direction and was deposited on shores and waters in western Prince William Sound (WPWS). The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) was one of more than 20 nearshore species considered to have been injured by the spill. Since 1989, the U.S. Geological Survey has led a research program to evaluate effects of the spill on sea otters and assess progress toward recovery, as defined by demographic and biochemical indicators. Here, we provide an update on the status of sea otter populations in WPWS, presenting findings through 2013. To assess recovery based on demographic indicators, we used aerial surveys to estimate abundance and annual collections of sea otter carcasses to evaluate patterns in ages-at-death. To assess recovery based on biochemical indicators, we quantified transcription rates for a suite of genes selected as potential indicators of oil exposure in sea otters based on laboratory studies of a related species, the mink (Mustela vison). In our most recent assessment of sea otter recovery, which incorporated results from a subset of studies through 2009, we concluded that recovery of sea otters in WPWS was underway. This conclusion was based on increasing abundance throughout WPWS, including increasing numbers at northern Knight Island, an area that was heavily oiled in 1989 and where the local sea otter population had previously shown protracted injury and lack of recovery. However, we did not conclude that the WPWS sea otter population had fully recovered, due to indications of continuing reduced survival and exposure to lingering oil in sea otters at Knight Island, at least through 2009. Based on data available through 2013, we now conclude that the status of sea otters—at all spatial scales within WPWS—is consistent with the designation of recovery from the spill as defined by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. The support for this conclusion is based primarily on demographic data, including (1) a return to estimated pre-spill abundance of sea otters at northern Knight Island, and (2) a return to pre-spill mortality patterns. Gene transcription rates in 2012 were similar in sea otters from oiled, moderately oiled and unoiled areas, suggesting abatement of exposure effects in 2012. However, because 2012 gene transcription rates generally were low for sea otters from all areas relative to 2008, we cannot fully interpret these observations without data from a wider panel of genes. This slight uncertainty with respect to the data from the biochemical indicator is outweighed by the strength of the data for the demographic indicators. The return to pre-spill numbers and mortality patterns suggests a gradual dissipation of lingering oil over the past two decades, to the point where continuing exposure is no longer of biological significance to the WPWS sea otter population.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141030","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Ballachey, B.E., Monson, D., Esslinger, G.G., Kloecker, K.A., Bodkin, J.L., Bowen, L., and Miles, A.K., 2014, 2013 update on sea otter studies to assess recovery from the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1030, iv, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141030.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051870","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282939,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141030.jpg"},{"id":282938,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1030/pdf/ofr2014-1030.pdf"},{"id":282937,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1030/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -148.5,60.0 ], [ -148.5,61.0 ], [ -146.5,61.0 ], [ -146.5,60.0 ], [ -148.5,60.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4928e4b0b290850eeec9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bowen, Lizabeth 0000-0001-9115-4336 lbowen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-4336","contributorId":4539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Lizabeth","email":"lbowen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miles, A. 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,{"id":70093443,"text":"tm6A49 - 2014 - Modifications made to ModelMuse to add support for the Saturated-Unsaturated Transport model (SUTRA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-07T10:05:38","indexId":"tm6A49","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-28T08:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A49","title":"Modifications made to ModelMuse to add support for the Saturated-Unsaturated Transport model (SUTRA)","docAbstract":"This report (1) describes modifications to ModelMuse,as described in U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Techniques and Methods (TM) 6–A29 (Winston, 2009), to add support for the Saturated-Unsaturated Transport model (SUTRA) (Voss and Provost, 2002; version of September 22, 2010) and (2) supplements USGS TM 6–A29. Modifications include changes to the main ModelMuse window where the model is designed, addition of methods for generating a finite-element mesh suitable for SUTRA, defining how some functions shouldapply when using a finite-element mesh rather than a finite-difference grid (as originally programmed in ModelMuse), and applying spatial interpolation to angles. In addition, the report describes ways of handling objects on the front view of the model and displaying data. A tabulation contains a summary of the new or modified dialog boxes.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Ground water in Book 6 <i>Modeling Techniques</i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A49","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 49 of Section A: Ground water in Book 6 <i>Modeling Techniques</i>. This Techniques and Methods report supplements USGS Techniques and Methods 6-A29.","usgsCitation":"Winston, R.B., 2014, Modifications made to ModelMuse to add support for the Saturated-Unsaturated Transport model (SUTRA): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A49, iii, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A49.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052670","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm6a49.jpg"},{"id":282932,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a49/"},{"id":282933,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a49/pdf/tm6-a49.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd67fde4b0b29085101bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winston, Richard B. 0000-0002-6287-8834 rbwinst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6287-8834","contributorId":3567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"Richard","email":"rbwinst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70094491,"text":"ofr20141033 - 2014 - Logs and data from trenches across the Berryessa Fault at the Jerd Creek site, northeastern Napa County, California, 2011-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T08:25:10","indexId":"ofr20141033","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-28T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1033","title":"Logs and data from trenches across the Berryessa Fault at the Jerd Creek site, northeastern Napa County, California, 2011-2012","docAbstract":"The primary purpose of this report is to provide drafted field logs of exploratory trenches excavated across the Berryessa Fault section of the northern Green Valley Fault (Lienkaemper, 2012; Lienkaemper and others, 2013) in 2011 and 2012 that show evidence for at least one surface-rupturing earthquake in the past few centuries. The site location and site detail are shown on sheet 1. The trench logs are shown on sheets 1, 2, 3 and 4. We also provide radiocarbon ages used for chronological modeling of the earthquake history and a field description of a soil profile in one trench. A formal report based on these logs and data is in preparation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141033","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., Rosa, C.M., Cappelle, I.J., Wolf, E.M., Knepprath, N.E., Piety, L.A., Derouin, S.A., Reidy, L.M., Redwine, J.L., and Sickler, R.R., 2014, Logs and data from trenches across the Berryessa Fault at the Jerd Creek site, northeastern Napa County, California, 2011-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1033, Sheets 1-4: 40.0 x 18.0 inches or smaller; Pamphlet: iii, 6 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141033.","productDescription":"Sheets 1-4: 40.0 x 18.0 inches or smaller; Pamphlet: iii, 6 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-046261","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. Office-Earthquake Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282931,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141033.jpg"},{"id":282927,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1033/pdf/ofr2014-1033_sheet3.pdf"},{"id":282928,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1033/pdf/ofr2014-1033_sheet4.pdf"},{"id":282925,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1033/pdf/ofr2014-1033_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":282929,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1033/pdf/ofr2014-1033_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":282918,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1033/"},{"id":282930,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1033/pdf/ofr2014-1033_appendix.pdf"},{"id":282926,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1033/pdf/ofr2014-1033_sheet2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Napa County","otherGeospatial":"Jerd Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.6786,37.1986 ], [ -123.6786,39.1343 ], [ -121.5431,39.1343 ], [ -121.5431,37.1986 ], [ -123.6786,37.1986 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd64f3e4b0b290850ffc4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosa, Carla M. crosa@usgs.gov","contributorId":5306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosa","given":"Carla","email":"crosa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cappelle, Ian J.","contributorId":60531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cappelle","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolf, Evan M.","contributorId":94211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knepprath, Nichole E.","contributorId":34228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepprath","given":"Nichole","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Piety, Lucille A.","contributorId":38892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piety","given":"Lucille","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Derouin, Sarah A.","contributorId":93376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derouin","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reidy, Liam M.","contributorId":105372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidy","given":"Liam","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Redwine, Joanna L.","contributorId":104581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redwine","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sickler, Robert R. 0000-0002-9141-625X rsickler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-625X","contributorId":3235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickler","given":"Robert","email":"rsickler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70093635,"text":"sir20145006 - 2014 - Mean annual, seasonal, and monthly precipitation and runoff in Arkansas, 1951-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-27T11:03:37","indexId":"sir20145006","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-27T10:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5006","title":"Mean annual, seasonal, and monthly precipitation and runoff in Arkansas, 1951-2011","docAbstract":"This report describes long-term annual, seasonal, and monthly means for precipitation and runoff in Arkansas for the period from 1951 through 2011. Precipitation means were estimated using data from the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model database; while total runoff, groundwater runoff, and surface runoff means were estimated using data from 123 active and inactive U.S. Geological Survey continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations located in Arkansas and surrounding States. Annual precipitation in Arkansas for the period from 1951 through 2011 had a mean of 49.8 inches. Of the six physiographic sections in Arkansas, the Ouachita Mountains had the largest mean annual precipitation at 53.0 inches, while the Springfield-Salem plateaus had the smallest mean annual precipitation at 45.5 inches. The mean annual total runoff for Arkansas was 17.8 inches. The Ouachita Mountains had the largest mean annual total runoff at 20.4 inches, while the Springfield-Salem plateaus had the smallest mean annual total runoff at 15.0 inches. Runoff is diminished during the dry season, which is attributed to increased losses from evapotranspiration, consumptive uses including irrigation, and increased withdrawals for public and private water supplies. The decline in runoff during the dry season is observed across the State in all physiographic sections. Spatial results for precipitation and runoff are presented in a series of maps that are available for download from the publication Web page in georeferenced raster formats.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Pugh, A., and Westerman, D.A., 2014, Mean annual, seasonal, and monthly precipitation and runoff in Arkansas, 1951-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5006, Report: v, 40 p.; Downloads Directory: Appendixes 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145006.","productDescription":"Report: v, 40 p.; Downloads Directory: Appendixes 1-3","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1951-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-053322","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145006.jpg"},{"id":282884,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5006/"},{"id":282885,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5006/pdf/sir2014-5006.pdf"},{"id":282886,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5006/downloads/"}],"projection":"USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic USGS version","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Ouachita Mountains;Springfield-salem Plateaus","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.75,32.0 ], [ -95.75,38.0 ], [ -88.9,38.0 ], [ -88.9,32.0 ], [ -95.75,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd666be4b0b29085100bb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugh, Aaron L. apugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"Aaron L.","email":"apugh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70073663,"text":"sim3284 - 2014 - Geologic map of the Ute Mountain 7.5' quadrangle, Taos County, New Mexico, and Conejos and Costilla Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T18:26:13.641151","indexId":"sim3284","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-26T14:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3284","title":"Geologic map of the Ute Mountain 7.5' quadrangle, Taos County, New Mexico, and Conejos and Costilla Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The Ute Mountain 7.5' quadrangle is located in the south-central part of the San Luis Basin of northern New Mexico, in the Rio Grande del Norte National Monument, and contains deposits that record volcanic, tectonic, and associated alluvial and colluvial processes over the past four million years. Ute Mountain has the distinction of being one of the largest intermediate composition eruptive centers of the Taos Plateau, a largely volcanic tableland occupying the southern portion of the San Luis Basin. Ute Mountain rises to an elevation in excess of 3,000 m, nearly 700 m above the basaltic plateau at its base, and is characterized by three distinct phases of Pliocene eruptive activity recorded in the stratigraphy exposed on the flanks of the mountain and in the Rio Grande gorge. Unconformably overlain by largely flat-lying lava flows of Servilleta Basalt, the area surrounding Ute Mountain records a westward thickening of basin-fill volcanic deposits interstratified in the subsurface with Pliocene basin-fill sedimentary deposits derived from older Tertiary and Precambrian sources to the east. Superimposed on this volcanic stratigraphy are alluvial and colluvial deposits derived from the flanks of Ute Mountain and more distally-derived alluvium from the uplifted Sangre de Cristo Mountains to the east, that record a complex temporal and stratigraphic succession of Quaternary basin deposition and erosion. Pliocene and younger basin deposition was accommodated along predominantly north-trending fault-bounded grabens. These poorly exposed fault scarps cutting lava flows of Ute Mountain volcano. The Servilleta Basalt and younger surficial deposits record largely down-to-east basinward displacement. Faults are identified with varying confidence levels in the map area. Recognizing and mapping faults developed near the surface in young, brittle volcanic rocks is difficult because: (1) they tend to form fractured zones tens of meters wide rather than discrete fault planes, (2) the relative youth of the deposits has resulted in only modest displacements on most faults, and (3) some of the faults may have significant strike-slip components that do not result in large vertical offsets that are readily apparent in offset of sub-horizontal contacts. Those faults characterized as &ldquo;certain&rdquo; either have distinct offset of map units or had slip planes that were directly observed in the field. Lineaments defined from magnetic anomalies form an additional constraint on potential fault locations and are indicated as such on the map sheet.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3284","issn":"2329-132X","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.A., Turner, K.J., Shroba, R.R., Cosca, M.A., Ruleman, C., Lee, J.P., and Brandt, T.R., 2014, Geologic map of the Ute Mountain 7.5' quadrangle, Taos County, New Mexico, and Conejos and Costilla Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3284, 1 Plate: 44.00 x 40.00 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3284.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 44.00 x 40.00 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038234","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science 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,{"id":70073662,"text":"sim3283 - 2014 - Geologic map of the Sunshine 7.5' quadrangle, Taos County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T18:23:33.326388","indexId":"sim3283","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-26T14:19:20","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3283","title":"Geologic map of the Sunshine 7.5' quadrangle, Taos County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>The Sunshine 7.5' quadrangle is located in the south-central part of the San Luis Basin of northern New Mexico, in the Rio Grande del Norte National Monument, and contains deposits that record volcanic, tectonic, and associated alluvial and colluvial processes over the past four million years. Sunshine Valley, named for the small locale of Sunshine, is incised by a series of northeast-trending drainages cut into Tertiary and Quaternary alluvial deposits forming an extensive alluvial apron between the east flank of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and the Rio Grande. These deposits predominantly overlie gently eastward-dipping lava flows of Pliocene Servilleta Basalt erupted from centers west of the map area. Servilleta Basalt lava flows terminate to the south against the elevated topography of three volcanic centers of the Taos Plateau volcanic field. From west to east these are Cerro de la Olla, Cerro Chiflo, and Guadalupe Mountain that are exposed in the southern part of the map area. Remnants of Miocene volcanic rocks are exposed near the southwestern edge of the map area and record evidence of an eroded volcanic terrain underlying deposits of the Taos Plateau volcanic field. These deposits are likely fault bounded to the east, roughly coincident with north to northwest trending, down-to-east faults in the southwestern quarter of the map area. The down-to-east normal faults reflect the basinward migration of the western margin of the Sunshine Valley sub-basin of the southern San Luis Basin.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Pliocene and younger basin deposition was accommodated along predominantly north-trending fault-bounded grabens and is preserved as poorly exposed fault scarps that cut lava flows of Ute Mountain volcano, north of the map area. The Servilleta Basalt and younger surficial deposits record largely down-to-east basinward displacement. Faults are identified with varying confidence levels in the map area. Recognizing and mapping faults developed near the surface in relatively young, brittle volcanic rocks is difficult because: (1) they tend to form fractured zones tens of meters wide rather than discrete fault planes, (2) the relative youth of the deposits has resulted in only modest displacements on most faults, and (3) some of the faults may have significant strike-slip components that do not result in large vertical offsets that are readily apparent in offset of sub-horizontal contacts. Those faults characterized as &ldquo;certain&rdquo; either have distinct offset of map units or had slip planes that were directly observed in the field. Lineaments defined from magnetic anomalies form an additional constraint on potential fault locations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3283","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.A., Turner, K.J., Shroba, R.R., Cosca, M.A., Ruleman, C., Lee, J.P., and Brandt, T.R., 2014, Geologic map of the Sunshine 7.5' quadrangle, Taos County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3283, 1 Plate: 44.00 x 40.00 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3283.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 44.00 x 40.00 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038231","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3283.jpg"},{"id":282849,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion 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