{"pageNumber":"612","pageRowStart":"15275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70046696,"text":"ds754 - 2013 - National wildlife refuge visitor survey 2012--Individual refuge results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-25T15:30:26","indexId":"ds754","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"754","title":"National wildlife refuge visitor survey 2012--Individual refuge results","docAbstract":"The National Wildlife Refuge System (Refuge System), established in 1903 and managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), is the leading network of protected lands and waters in the world dedicated to the conservation of fish, wildlife and their habitats. There are 560 national wildlife refuges and 38 wetland management districts nationwide, encompassing more than 150 million acres. The Refuge System attracts nearly 45 million visitors annually, including 34.8 million people who observe and photograph wildlife, 9.6 million who hunt and fish, and nearly 675,000 teachers and students who use refuges as outdoor classrooms. Understanding visitor perceptions of refuges and characterizing their experiences on refuges are critical elements of managing these lands and meeting the goals of the Refuge System. The Service collaborated with the U.S. Geological Survey to conduct a national survey of visitors regarding their experiences on national wildlife refuges. The purpose of the survey was to better understand visitor experiences and trip characteristics, to gauge visitors’ levels of satisfaction with existing recreational opportunities, and to garner feedback to inform the design of programs and facilities. The survey results will inform performance, planning, budget, and communications goals. Results will also inform Comprehensive Conservation Plans (CCPs), visitor services, and transportation planning processes. This Data Series consists of 25 separate data files. Each file describes the results of the survey for an individual refuge and contains the following information: • Introduction: An overview of the Refuge System and the goals of the national surveying effort. • Methods: The procedures for the national surveying effort, including selecting refuges, developing the survey instrument, contacting visitors, and guidance for interpreting the results.• Refuge Description: A brief description of the refuge location, acreage, purpose, recreational activities, and visitation statistics, including a map (where available) and refuge website link. • Sampling at This Refuge: The sampling periods, locations, and response rate for the refuge. • Selected Survey Results: Key findings for the refuge, including: o Visitor and trip characteristics o Visitor spending in the local communities o Visitors opinions about the refuge o Visitor opinions about National Wildlife Refuge System topics • Conclusion • References Cited • Survey Frequencies (Appendix A): The survey instrument with frequency results for the refuge. • Visitor Comments (Appendix B): The verbatim responses to the open-ended survey questions for the refuge.Individual-refuge results for the 53 participating refuges in the 2010-2011 national effort are available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/643/ as part of USGS Data Series 643. Combined results for the 53 participating refuges in the 2010-2011 national effort are available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/685/ as part of USGS Data Series 685.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds754","usgsCitation":"Dietsch, A.M., Sexton, N.R., Koontz, L.M., and Conk, S.J., 2013, National wildlife refuge visitor survey 2012--Individual refuge results: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 754, NWR visitor survey 2012: 25 PDF files; Related Reports: Data Series 643 and 685, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds754.","productDescription":"NWR visitor survey 2012: 25 PDF files; Related Reports: Data Series 643 and 685","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science 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Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/643/"},{"id":274201,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/754/SouthwestRegion(R2)/Santa%20Ana%20NWR%20-%20NWR%20visitor%20survey%202012.pdf"},{"id":274196,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/754/PacificRegion(R1)/Ridgefield%20NWR%20-%20NWR%20visitor%20survey%202012.pdf"},{"id":274197,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/754/SouthwestRegion(R2)/Balcones%20Canyonlands%20NWR%20-%20NWR%20visitor%20survey%202012.pdf"},{"id":274195,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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J.","contributorId":21516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conk","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046691,"text":"sim3263 - 2013 - Water-level altitudes 2013 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973--2012 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T14:00:01","indexId":"sim3263","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3263","title":"Water-level altitudes 2013 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973--2012 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Most of the subsidence in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas, has occurred as a direct result of groundwater withdrawals for municipal supply, commercial and industrial use, and irrigation that depressured and dewatered the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, thereby causing compaction mostly in the clay and silt layers of the aquifer sediments. This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, and Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports depicting water-level altitudes and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and measured compaction of subsurface sediments in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the Houston-Galveston region. The report contains maps depicting approximate water-level altitudes for 2013 (represented by measurements made during December 2012-February 2013) for the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers; maps depicting 1-year (2012-13) water-level changes for each aquifer; maps depicting 5-year (2008--13) water-level changes for each aquifer; maps depicting long-term (1990-2013 and 1977-2013) water-level changes for the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers; a map depicting long-term (2000-13) water-level changes for the Jasper aquifer; a map depicting locations of borehole-extensometer sites; and graphs depicting measured compaction of subsurface sediments at the extensometers during 1973-2012. Tables listing the data used to construct each water-level map for each aquifer and the compaction graphs are included.</p>\n<p>In 2013, water-level-altitude contours for the Chicot aquifer ranged from 200 feet (ft) below North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (hereinafter, datum) in a small area in southwestern Harris County to 200 ft above datum in central to west-central Montgomery County. Water-level changes during 2012-13 in the Chicot aquifer ranged from a 58-ft decline to a 37-ft rise. Contoured 5-year and long-term changes in water levels in the Chicot aquifer ranged from a 30-ft decline to an 80-ft rise (2008-13), from a 120-ft decline to a 100-ft rise (1990-2013), and from an 80-ft decline to a 200-ft rise (1977-2013). In 2013, water-level-altitude contours for the Evangeline aquifer ranged from 300 ft below datum in south-central Montgomery County to 200 ft above datum in southeastern Grimes and northwestern Montgomery Counties. Water-level changes for 2012-13 in the Evangeline aquifer ranged from a 37-ft decline to a 68-ft rise. Contoured 5-year and long-term changes in water levels in the Evangeline aquifer ranged from an 80-ft decline to an 80-ft rise (2008-13), from a 220-ft decline to a 220-ft rise (1990-2013), and from a 360-ft decline to a 260-ft rise (1977-2013). In 2013, water-level-altitude contours for the Jasper aquifer ranged from 200 ft below datum in south-central Montgomery and north-central Harris Counties to 250 ft above datum in northwestern Montgomery County and extending into northeastern Grimes and south-central Walker Counties. Water-level changes for 2012-13 in the Jasper aquifer ranged from a 36-ft decline to an 87-ft rise. Contoured changes in water levels in the Jasper aquifer ranged from a 100-ft decline to 20-ft rise (2008-13) and from a 220-ft decline to no change (2000-13).</p>\n<p>Compaction of subsurface sediments (mostly in the clay and silt layers) of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers was recorded continuously by 13 borehole extensometers at 11 sites that were either activated or installed between 1973 and 1980. For the period of record beginning in 1973 (or later depending on activation or installation date) and ending in December 2012, cumulative measured compaction by 12 of the 13 extensometers ranged from 0.100 ft at the Texas City-Moses Lake extensometer to 3.632 ft at the Addicks extensometer (data were used from only one of two extensometers at one site). The rate of compaction varies from site to site because of differences in groundwater withdrawals near each site and differences among sites in the clay-to-sand ratio in the subsurface sediments. Therefore, it is not possible to extrapolate or infer a rate of compaction for adjacent areas based on the rate of compaction measured at a nearby extensometer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3263","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, and Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., Johnson, M., and Ramage, J.K., 2013, Water-level altitudes 2013 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973--2012 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3263, Report: viii, 19 p.; 16 Sheets: 17.00 x 22.01 inches or smaller; 15 Tables: xlsx files; 3 Appendixes; Dataset; ReadME file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3263.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 19 p.; 16 Sheets: 17.00 x 22.01 inches or smaller; 15 Tables: xlsx files; 3 Appendixes; Dataset; ReadME file","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3263.gif"},{"id":274161,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet01.pdf"},{"id":274162,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet02.pdf"},{"id":274159,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/SIM_3263.pdf"},{"id":274160,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/"},{"id":274163,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet03.pdf"},{"id":274164,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet04.pdf"},{"id":274165,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet05.pdf"},{"id":274166,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet06.pdf"},{"id":274167,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet08.pdf"},{"id":274168,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet07.pdf"},{"id":274170,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet09.pdf"},{"id":274171,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet10.pdf"},{"id":274172,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet11.pdf"},{"id":274173,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet12.pdf"},{"id":274174,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet13.pdf"},{"id":274175,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet15.pdf"},{"id":274176,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet14.pdf"},{"id":274177,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Sheets/Sheet16.pdf"},{"id":274178,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Tables/"},{"id":274179,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Appendixes/"},{"id":274180,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Metadata/"},{"id":274181,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3263/downloads/Metadata/README.TXT"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Galveston, Houston","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.0782,29.1294 ], [ -96.0782,30.7218 ], [ -94.4948,30.7218 ], [ -94.4948,29.1294 ], [ -96.0782,29.1294 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51caadd5e4b0d298e5434c19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, Mark C. 0000-0003-2808-2506 mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramage, Jason K. 0000-0001-8014-2874 jkramage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8014-2874","contributorId":3856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramage","given":"Jason","email":"jkramage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046672,"text":"ofr20131123 - 2013 - Model documentation for relations between continuous real-time and discrete water-quality constituents in Cheney Reservoir near Cheney, Kansas, 2001--2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-24T08:57:51","indexId":"ofr20131123","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1123","title":"Model documentation for relations between continuous real-time and discrete water-quality constituents in Cheney Reservoir near Cheney, Kansas, 2001--2009","docAbstract":"Cheney Reservoir, located in south-central Kansas, is one of the primary water supplies for the city of Wichita, Kansas. The U.S. Geological Survey has operated a continuous real-time water-quality monitoring station in Cheney Reservoir since 2001; continuously measured physicochemical properties include specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, fluorescence (wavelength range 650 to 700 nanometers; estimate of total chlorophyll), and reservoir elevation. Discrete water-quality samples were collected during 2001 through 2009 and analyzed for sediment, nutrients, taste-and-odor compounds, cyanotoxins, phytoplankton community composition, actinomycetes bacteria, and other water-quality measures. Regression models were developed to establish relations between discretely sampled constituent concentrations and continuously measured physicochemical properties to compute concentrations of constituents that are not easily measured in real time. The water-quality information in this report is important to the city of Wichita because it allows quantification and characterization of potential constituents of concern in Cheney Reservoir.\n\nThis report updates linear regression models published in 2006 that were based on data collected during 2001 through 2003. The update uses discrete and continuous data collected during May 2001 through December 2009. Updated models to compute dissolved solids, sodium, chloride, and suspended solids were similar to previously published models. However, several other updated models changed substantially from previously published models. In addition to updating relations that were previously developed, models also were developed for four new constituents, including magnesium, dissolved phosphorus, actinomycetes bacteria, and the cyanotoxin microcystin. In addition, a conversion factor of 0.74 was established to convert the Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) model 6026 turbidity sensor measurements to the newer YSI model 6136 sensor at the Cheney Reservoir site.\n\nBecause a high percentage of geosmin and microcystin data were below analytical detection thresholds (censored data), multiple logistic regression was used to develop models that best explained the probability of geosmin and microcystin concentrations exceeding relevant thresholds. The geosmin and microcystin models are particularly important because geosmin is a taste-and-odor compound and microcystin is a cyanotoxin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Stone, M.L., Graham, J.L., and Gatotho, J.W., 2013, Model documentation for relations between continuous real-time and discrete water-quality constituents in Cheney Reservoir near Cheney, Kansas, 2001--2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1123, x, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131123.","productDescription":"x, 100 p.","numberOfPages":"114","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274082,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131123.gif"},{"id":274080,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1123/"},{"id":274081,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1123/ofr2013-1123.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Cheney","otherGeospatial":"Cheney Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.904354,37.717691 ], [ -97.904354,37.824492 ], [ -97.774518,37.824492 ], [ -97.774518,37.717691 ], [ -97.904354,37.717691 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c95c5be4b0a50a6e8f57bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Mandy L. 0000-0002-6711-1536 mstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-1536","contributorId":4409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Mandy","email":"mstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gatotho, Jackline W.","contributorId":76616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gatotho","given":"Jackline","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046684,"text":"sir20135098 - 2013 - Geochemical evidence of groundwater flow paths and the fate and transport of constituents of concern in the alluvial aquifer at Fort Wingate Depot Activity, New Mexico, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-24T15:51:50","indexId":"sir20135098","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5098","title":"Geochemical evidence of groundwater flow paths and the fate and transport of constituents of concern in the alluvial aquifer at Fort Wingate Depot Activity, New Mexico, 2009","docAbstract":"As part of an environmental investigation at Fort Wingate Depot Activity, New Mexico, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, interpreted aqueous geochemical concentrations to better understand the groundwater flow paths and the fate and transport of constituents of concern in the alluvial aquifer underlying the study area. The fine-grained nature of the alluvial matrix creates a highly heterogeneous environment, which adds to the difficulty of characterizing the flow of groundwater and the fate of aqueous constituents of concern. The analysis of the groundwater geochemical data collected in October 2009 provides evidence that is used to identify four groundwater flow paths and their extent in the aquifer and indicates the dominant attenuation processes for the constituents of concern.\n\nThe extent and interaction of groundwater flow paths were delineated by the major ion concentrations and their relations to each other. Four areas of groundwater recharge to the study area were identified based on groundwater elevations, hydrogeologic characteristics, and geochemical and isotopic evidence. One source of recharge enters the study area from the saturated alluvial deposits underlying the South Fork of the Puerco River to the north of the study area. A second source of recharge is shown to originate from a leaky cistern containing production water from the San Andres-Glorieta aquifer. The other two sources of recharge are shown to enter the study area from the south: one from an arroyo valley draining an area to the south and one from hill-front recharge that passes under the reported release of perchlorate and explosive constituents. The spatial extent and interaction of groundwater originating from these various sources along identified flow paths affect the persistence and attenuation of constituents of concern.\n\nIt was determined that groundwater originating in the area of a former explosives’ wash-out operation and an accidental spill of perchlorate was spatially limited, and that dilution is the primary attenuation process for these constituents. The explosive concentrations of the nitramine 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and the oxidizer perchlorate both support that determination. Unlike RDX and perchlorate, there were no detectable concentrations of trinitrotoluene (TNT) in the aquifer. Based on the chemical nature of TNT and the redox conditions found in the aquifer, it is interpreted that TNT is lost to irreversible sorption and aerobic degradation. Nitrate was ubiquitous in the alluvial groundwater in October 2009. The nitrate concentrations in wells associated with the explosives’ groundwater flow path indicate attenuation primarily through dilution, similar to that of RDX. The origin of nitrate concentrations in the wells located in the Administration Area is uncertain but may have resulted from the leakage of aging clay sewage pipes that service most of the structures within that area or as a relic of a former hydrologic regime in which water from the washout operation migrated across a broader area. Sufficient data do not exist to definitively identify the location(s) of water discharge in this area, but transpiration from near the Administration Area is supported by the geochemical concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Robertson, A.J., Henry, D.W., and Langman, J.B., 2013, Geochemical evidence of groundwater flow paths and the fate and transport of constituents of concern in the alluvial aquifer at Fort Wingate Depot Activity, New Mexico, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5098, vii, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135098.","productDescription":"vii, 89 p.","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135098.gif"},{"id":274128,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5098/sir2013-5098.pdf"},{"id":274127,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5098/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Fort Wingate Depot Activity","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.833333,35.166667 ], [ -108.833333,35.666667 ], [ -108.166667,35.666667 ], [ -108.166667,35.166667 ], [ -108.833333,35.166667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c95c59e4b0a50a6e8f57a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Andrew J. 0000-0003-2130-0347 ajrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2130-0347","contributorId":4129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Andrew","email":"ajrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, David W.","contributorId":7593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langman, Jeffery B.","contributorId":8359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langman","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045101,"text":"70045101 - 2013 - Location and timing of Asian carp spawning in the Lower Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T12:48:17","indexId":"70045101","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Location and timing of Asian carp spawning in the Lower Missouri River","docAbstract":"<p><span>We sampled for eggs of Asian carps, (bighead carp </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Hypophthalmichthys nobilis,</i><span> silver carp </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">H. molitrix</i><span>, and grass carp </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Ctenopharyngodon idella</i><span>) in 12 sites on the Lower Missouri River and in six tributaries from the months of May through July 2005 and May through June 2006 to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of spawning activity. We categorized eggs into thirty developmental stages, but usually they could not be identified to species. We estimated spawning times and locations based on developmental stage, temperature dependent rate of development and water velocity. Spawning rate was higher in the daytime between 05:00 and 21:00&nbsp;h than at night. Spawning was not limited to a few sites, as has been reported for the Yangtze River, where these fishes are native, but more eggs were spawned in areas of high sinuosity. We employ a sediment transport model to estimate vertical egg concentration profiles and total egg fluxes during spawning periods on the Missouri River. We did not identify substantial spawning activity within tributaries or at tributary confluences examined in this study.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10641-012-0052-z","usgsCitation":"Deters, J.E., Chapman, D., and McElroy, B., 2013, Location and timing of Asian carp spawning in the Lower Missouri River: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 96, no. 5, p. 617-629, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-0052-z.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"629","ipdsId":"IP-026008","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274093,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-0052-z"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.63,38.44 ], [ -96.63,42.6 ], [ -90.06,42.6 ], [ -90.06,38.44 ], [ -96.63,38.44 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"96","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c95c5ae4b0a50a6e8f57b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deters, Joseph E. jdeters@usgs.gov","contributorId":3240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deters","given":"Joseph","email":"jdeters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Duane 0000-0002-1086-8853 dchapman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-8853","contributorId":1291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Duane","email":"dchapman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McElroy, Brandon 0000-0002-9683-4282","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9683-4282","contributorId":90453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElroy","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045533,"text":"70045533 - 2013 - Genomic analysis of avian influenza viruses from waterfowl in Western Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T14:12:53","indexId":"70045533","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genomic analysis of avian influenza viruses from waterfowl in Western Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Y-K Delta) in western Alaska is an immense and important breeding ground for waterfowl. Migratory birds from the Pacific Americas, Central Pacific, and East Asian-Australasian flyways converge in this region, providing opportunities for intermixing of North American- and Eurasian-origin hosts and infectious agents, such as avian influenza virus (AIV). We characterized the genomes of 90 low pathogenic (LP) AIV isolates from 11 species of waterfowl sampled on the Y-K Delta between 2006 and 2009 as part of an interagency surveillance program for the detection of the H5N1 highly pathogenic (HP) strain of AIV. We found evidence for subtype and genetic differences between viruses from swans and geese, dabbling ducks, and sea ducks. At least one gene segment in 39% of all isolates was Eurasian in origin. Target species (those ranked as having a relatively high potential to introduce HP H5N1 AIV to North America) were no more likely than nontarget species to carry viruses with genes of Eurasian origin. These findings provide evidence that the frequency at which viral gene segments of Eurasian origin are detected does not result from a strong species effect, but rather we suspect it is linked to the geographic location of the Y-K Delta in western Alaska where flyways from different continents overlap. This study provides support for retaining the Y-K Delta as a high priority region for the surveillance of Asian avian pathogens such as HP H5N1 AIV.","language":"English","publisher":"WDA","doi":"10.7589/2012-04-108","usgsCitation":"Reeves, A.B., Pearce, J.M., Ramey, A.M., Ely, C.R., Schmutz, J.A., Flint, P.L., Derksen, D.V., Ip, S., and Trust, K.A., 2013, Genomic analysis of avian influenza viruses from waterfowl in Western Alaska, USA: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 49, no. 3, p. 600-610, https://doi.org/10.7589/2012-04-108.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"610","ipdsId":"IP-041234","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274132,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2012-04-108"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c95c59e4b0a50a6e8f57a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, Andrew B. 0000-0002-7526-0726 areeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-0726","contributorId":167362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Andrew","email":"areeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Trust, Kimberly A.","contributorId":42503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trust","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70045751,"text":"70045751 - 2013 - Linking geology and health sciences to assess childhood lead poisoning from artisanal gold mining in Nigeria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-24T09:58:06","indexId":"70045751","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking geology and health sciences to assess childhood lead poisoning from artisanal gold mining in Nigeria","docAbstract":"Background: In 2010, Médecins Sans Frontières discovered a lead poisoning outbreak linked to artisanal gold processing in northwestern Nigeria. The outbreak has killed approximately 400 young children and affected thousands more.\n\nObjectives: Our aim was to undertake an interdisciplinary geological- and health-science assessment to clarify lead sources and exposure pathways, identify additional toxicants of concern and populations at risk, and examine potential for similar lead poisoning globally.\n\nMethods: We applied diverse analytical methods to ore samples, soil and sweep samples from villages and family compounds, and plant foodstuff samples.\n\nResults: Natural weathering of lead-rich gold ores before mining formed abundant, highly gastric-bioaccessible lead carbonates. The same fingerprint of lead minerals found in all sample types confirms that ore processing caused extreme contamination, with up to 185,000 ppm lead in soils/sweep samples and up to 145 ppm lead in plant foodstuffs. Incidental ingestion of soils via hand-to-mouth transmission and of dusts cleared from the respiratory tract is the dominant exposure pathway. Consumption of water and foodstuffs contaminated by the processing is likely lesser, but these are still significant exposure pathways. Although young children suffered the most immediate and severe consequences, results indicate that older children, adult workers, pregnant women, and breastfed infants are also at risk for lead poisoning. Mercury, arsenic, manganese, antimony, and crystalline silica exposures pose additional health threats.\n\nConclusions: Results inform ongoing efforts in Nigeria to assess lead contamination and poisoning, treat victims, mitigate exposures, and remediate contamination. Ore deposit geology, pre-mining weathering, and burgeoning artisanal mining may combine to cause similar lead poisoning disasters elsewhere globally.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Health Perspectives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi":"10.1289/ehp.1206051","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Durant, J.T., Morman, S.A., Neri, A., Wolf, R.E., Dooyema, C.A., Hageman, P.L., Lowers, H., Fernette, G., Meeker, G.P., Benzel, W., Driscoll, R.L., Berry, C.J., Crock, J.G., Goldstein, H., Adams, M., Bartrem, C.L., Tirima, S., Behrooz, B., von Lindern, I., and Brown, M.J., 2013, Linking geology and health sciences to assess childhood lead poisoning from artisanal gold mining in Nigeria: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 121, p. 744-750, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206051.","productDescription":"7 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Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durant, James T.","contributorId":26213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durant","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and 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,{"id":70046671,"text":"70046671 - 2013 - Environmental DNA as a new method for early detection of New Zealand mudsnails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-20T13:29:40","indexId":"70046671","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental DNA as a new method for early detection of New Zealand mudsnails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum)","docAbstract":"<p>Early detection of aquatic invasive species is a critical task for management of aquatic ecosystems. This task is hindered by the difficulty and cost of surveying aquatic systems thoroughly. The New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) is a small, invasive parthenogenic mollusk that can reach very high population densities and severely affects ecosystem functioning. To assist in the early detection of this invasive species, we developed and validated a highly sensitive environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (eDNA) assay. We used a dose&ndash;response laboratory experiment to investigate the relationship between New Zealand mudsnail density and eDNA detected through time. We documented that as few as 1 individual in 1.5 L of water for 2 d could be detected with this method, and that eDNA from this species may remain detectable for 21 to 44 d after mudsnail removal. We used the eDNA method to confirm the presence of New Zealand mudsnail eDNA at densities as low as 11 to 144 snails/m<sup>2</sup> in a eutrophic 5<sup>th</sup>-order river. Combined, these results demonstrate the high potential for eDNA surveys to assist with early detection of a widely distributed invasive aquatic invertebrate.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1899/13-046.1","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, C.S., Sepulveda, A., Ray, A., Baumgardt, J.A., and Waits, L.P., 2013, Environmental DNA as a new method for early detection of New Zealand mudsnails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum): Freshwater Science, v. 32, no. 3, p. 792-800, https://doi.org/10.1899/13-046.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"792","endPage":"800","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274050,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/13-046.1"}],"country":"New Zealand","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[173.02037,-40.91905],[173.24723,-41.332],[173.95841,-40.9267],[174.24759,-41.34916],[174.24852,-41.77001],[173.87645,-42.23318],[173.22274,-42.97004],[172.71125,-43.37229],[173.08011,-43.85334],[172.30858,-43.86569],[171.45293,-44.24252],[171.18514,-44.8971],[170.6167,-45.90893],[169.83142,-46.35577],[169.33233,-46.64124],[168.41135,-46.61994],[167.76374,-46.2902],[166.67689,-46.21992],[166.50914,-45.8527],[167.04642,-45.11094],[168.30376,-44.12397],[168.94941,-43.93582],[169.66781,-43.55533],[170.52492,-43.03169],[171.12509,-42.51275],[171.56971,-41.76742],[171.94871,-41.51442],[172.09723,-40.9561],[172.79858,-40.49396],[173.02037,-40.91905]]],[[[174.61201,-36.1564],[175.33662,-37.2091],[175.3576,-36.52619],[175.80889,-36.79894],[175.95849,-37.55538],[176.7632,-37.88125],[177.43881,-37.96125],[178.01035,-37.57982],[178.51709,-37.69537],[178.27473,-38.58281],[177.97046,-39.16634],[177.20699,-39.14578],[176.93998,-39.44974],[177.03295,-39.87994],[176.88582,-40.06598],[176.50802,-40.60481],[176.01244,-41.28962],[175.23957,-41.68831],[175.0679,-41.42589],[174.65097,-41.28182],[175.22763,-40.45924],[174.90016,-39.90893],[173.82405,-39.50885],[173.85226,-39.1466],[174.5748,-38.79768],[174.74347,-38.02781],[174.69702,-37.38113],[174.29203,-36.71109],[174.319,-36.53482],[173.841,-36.12198],[173.05417,-35.23713],[172.63601,-34.52911],[173.00704,-34.45066],[173.5513,-35.00618],[174.32939,-35.2655],[174.61201,-36.1564]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New Zealand\"}}]}","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c567cee4b0c89b8f120df7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldberg, Caren S.","contributorId":76879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Caren","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5132,"text":"Washington State University, Pullman","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":479976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam","contributorId":18659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ray, Andrew","contributorId":101972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baumgardt, Jeremy A.","contributorId":48853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumgardt","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waits, Lisette P.","contributorId":87673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"Lisette","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045411,"text":"70045411 - 2013 - Eruptions at Lone Star Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA, part 1: energetics and eruption dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T17:09:06","indexId":"70045411","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruptions at Lone Star Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA, part 1: energetics and eruption dynamics","docAbstract":"<p>Geysers provide a natural laboratory to study multiphase eruptive processes. We present results from a four&ndash;day experiment at Lone Star Geyser in Yellowstone National Park, USA. We simultaneously measured water discharge, acoustic emissions, infraredintensity, and visible and infrared video to quantify the energetics and dynamics of eruptions, occurring approximately every three hours. We define four phases in the eruption cycle: 1) a 28&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;3 minute phase with liquid and steam fountaining, with maximum jet velocities of 16&ndash;28&thinsp;m s<sup>&minus;&thinsp;1</sup>, steam mass fraction of less than &sim;&thinsp;0.01. Intermittently choked flow and flow oscillations with periods increasing from 20 to 40&thinsp;s are coincident with a decrease in jet velocity and an increase of steam fraction; 2) a 26&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;8 minute post&ndash;eruption relaxation phase with no discharge from the vent, infrared (IR) and acoustic power oscillations gliding between 30 and 40&thinsp;s; 3) a 59&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;13 minute recharge period during which the geyser is quiescent and progressively refills, and 4) a 69&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;14 minute pre&ndash;play period characterized by a series of 5&ndash;10&thinsp;minute&ndash;long pulses of steam, small volumes of liquid water discharge and 50&ndash;70&thinsp;s flow oscillations. The erupted waters ascend froma 160&thinsp;&minus;&thinsp;170&deg; C reservoir and the volume discharged during the entire eruptive cycle is 20.8&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;4.1 m<sup>3</sup>. Assuming isentropic expansion, we calculate a heat output from the geyser of 1.4&ndash;1.5&thinsp;MW, which is &lt;&thinsp;0.1% of the total heat output from Yellowstone Caldera.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/jgrb.50251","usgsCitation":"Karlstrom, L., Hurwitz, S., Sohn, R., Vandemeulebrouck, J., Murphy, F., Rudolph, M., Johnston, M.J., Manga, M., and McCleskey, R.B., 2013, Eruptions at Lone Star Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA, part 1: energetics and eruption dynamics: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 118, no. 8, p. 4048-4062, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50251.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4048","endPage":"4062","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045112","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50251","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274059,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50251"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.05804443359375,\n              44.39454219215587\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05804443359375,\n              44.69013547299005\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.57189941406249,\n              44.69013547299005\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.57189941406249,\n              44.39454219215587\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05804443359375,\n              44.39454219215587\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c567d3e4b0c89b8f120dfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karlstrom, Leif","contributorId":23048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlstrom","given":"Leif","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sohn, Robert","contributorId":51629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohn","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vandemeulebrouck, Jean","contributorId":101973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandemeulebrouck","given":"Jean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, Fred fmurphy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Fred","email":"fmurphy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rudolph, Maxwell L.","contributorId":42122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudolph","given":"Maxwell L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnston, Malcolm J.S.","contributorId":105171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Manga, Michael","contributorId":66559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manga","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70046165,"text":"70046165 - 2013 - Emergence flux declines disproportionately to larval density along a stream metals gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T09:33:00","indexId":"70046165","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emergence flux declines disproportionately to larval density along a stream metals gradient","docAbstract":"Effects of contaminants on adult aquatic insect emergence are less well understood than effects on insect larvae. We compared responses of larval density and adult emergence along a metal contamination gradient. Nonlinear threshold responses were generally observed for larvae and emergers. Larval densities decreased significantly at low metal concentrations but precipitously at concentrations of metal mixtures above aquatic life criteria (Cumulative Criterion Accumulation Ratio (CCAR) ≥ 1). In contrast, adult emergence declined precipitously at low metal concentrations (CCAR ≤ 1), followed by a modest decline above this threshold. Adult emergence was a more sensitive indicator of the effect of low metals concentrations on aquatic insect communities compared to larvae, presumably because emergence is limited by a combination of larval survival and other factors limiting successful emergence. Thus effects of exposure to larvae are not manifest until later in life (during metamorphosis and emergence). This loss in emergence reduces prey subsidies to riparian communities at concentrations considered safe for aquatic life. Our results also challenge the widely held assumption that adult emergence is a constant proportion of larval densities in all streams.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es3051857","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, T., Kraus, J.M., Walters, D., and Wanty, R.B., 2013, Emergence flux declines disproportionately to larval density along a stream metals gradient: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 15, p. 8784-8792, https://doi.org/10.1021/es3051857.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"8784","endPage":"8792","ipdsId":"IP-045570","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274041,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es3051857"}],"volume":"47","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42211e4b03c77dce65a0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraus, Johanna M. 0000-0002-9513-4129 jkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-4129","contributorId":4834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Johanna","email":"jkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, David M.","contributorId":76590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046210,"text":"70046210 - 2013 - Landscape factors and hydrology influence mercury concentrations in wading birds breeding in the Florida Everglades, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T17:25:24","indexId":"70046210","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape factors and hydrology influence mercury concentrations in wading birds breeding in the Florida Everglades, USA","docAbstract":"The hydrology of wetland ecosystems is a key driver of both mercury (Hg) methylation and waterbird foraging ecology, and hence may play a fundamental role in waterbird exposure and risk to Hg contamination. However, few studies have investigated hydrological factors that influence waterbird Hg exposure. We examined how several landscape-level hydrological variables influenced Hg concentrations in great egret and white ibis adults and chicks in the Florida Everglades. The great egret is a visual “exploiter” species that tolerates lower prey densities and is less sensitive to hydrological conditions than is the white ibis, which is a tactile “searcher” species that pursues higher prey densities in shallow water. Mercury concentrations in adult great egrets were most influenced by the spatial region that they occupied in the Everglades (higher in the southern region); whereas the number of days a site was dry during the previous dry season was the most important factor influencing Hg concentrations in adult ibis (Hg concentrations increased with the number of days dry). In contrast, Hg concentrations in egret chicks were most influenced by calendar date (increasing with date), whereas Hg concentrations in ibis chicks were most influenced by chick age, region, and water recession rate (Hg concentrations decreased with age, were higher in the southern regions, and increased with positive water recession rates). Our results indicate that both recent (preceding two weeks) hydrological conditions, and those of the prior year, influence Hg concentrations in wading birds. Further, these results suggest that Hg exposure in wading birds is driven by complex relationships between wading bird behavior and life stage, landscape hydrologic patterns, and biogeochemical processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.036","usgsCitation":"Herring, G., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Ackerman, J., Gawlik, D.E., and Beerens, J., 2013, Landscape factors and hydrology influence mercury concentrations in wading birds breeding in the Florida Everglades, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 458-460, p. 637-646, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.036.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"637","endPage":"646","ipdsId":"IP-044906","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274021,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.036"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5183,24.85 ], [ -81.5183,25.8899 ], [ 80.3887,25.8899 ], [ 80.3887,24.85 ], [ -81.5183,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"458-460","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42213e4b03c77dce65a23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gawlik, Dale E.","contributorId":88055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gawlik","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beerens, James M. 0000-0001-8143-916X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-916X","contributorId":25440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beerens","given":"James M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046670,"text":"sir20125280 - 2013 - Streamflow and water-quality conditions including geologic sources and processes affecting selenium loading in the Toll Gate Creek watershed, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T10:39:11","indexId":"sir20125280","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5280","title":"Streamflow and water-quality conditions including geologic sources and processes affecting selenium loading in the Toll Gate Creek watershed, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, 2007","docAbstract":"<p>Toll Gate Creek is a perennial stream draining a suburban area in Aurora, Colorado, where selenium concentrations have consistently exceeded the State of Colorado aquatic-life standard for selenium of 4.6 micrograms per liter since the early 2000s. In cooperation with the City of Aurora, Colorado, Utilities Department, a synoptic water-quality study was performed along an 18-kilometer reach of Toll Gate Creek extending from downstream from Quincy Reservoir to the confluence with Sand Creek to develop a detailed understanding of streamflow and concentrations and loads of selenium in Toll Gate Creek. Streamflow and surface-water quality were characterized for summer low-flow conditions (July–August 2007) using four spatially overlapping synoptic-sampling subreaches. Mass-balance methods were applied to the synoptic-sampling and tracer-injection results to estimate streamflow and develop spatial profiles of concentration and load for selenium and other chemical constituents in Toll Gate Creek surface water. Concurrent groundwater sampling determined concentrations of selenium and other chemical constituents in groundwater in areas surrounding the Toll Gate Creek study reaches. Multivariate principal-component analysis was used to group samples and to suggest common sources for dissolved selenium and major ions. Hydrogen and oxygen stable-isotope ratios, groundwater-age interpretations, and chemical analysis of water-soluble paste extractions from core samples are presented, and interpretation of the hydrologic and geochemical data support conclusions regarding geologic sources of selenium and the processes affecting selenium loading in the Toll Gate Creek watershed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125280","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Aurora, Colorado, Utilities Department","usgsCitation":"Paschke, S.S., Runkel, R.L., Walton-Day, K., Kimball, B.A., and Schaffrath, K.R., 2013, Streamflow and water-quality conditions including geologic sources and processes affecting selenium loading in the Toll Gate Creek watershed, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5280, ix, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125280.","productDescription":"ix, 108 p.","numberOfPages":"121","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-07-01","temporalEnd":"2007-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125280.gif"},{"id":274043,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5280/"},{"id":274044,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5280/SIR12-5280_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Arapahoe County","city":"Aurora","otherGeospatial":"Toll Gate Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.8848,39.551 ], [ -104.8848,39.8267 ], [ -104.4889,39.8267 ], [ -104.4889,39.551 ], [ -104.8848,39.551 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42213e4b03c77dce65a2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaffrath, Keelin R.","contributorId":7552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffrath","given":"Keelin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046667,"text":"ofr20131050 - 2013 - Characterization of major lithologic units underlying the lower American River using water-borne continuous resistivity profiling, Sacramento, California, June 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-20T08:43:21","indexId":"ofr20131050","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1050","title":"Characterization of major lithologic units underlying the lower American River using water-borne continuous resistivity profiling, Sacramento, California, June 2008","docAbstract":"The levee system of the lower American River in Sacramento, California, is situated above a mixed lithology of alluvial deposits that range from clay to gravel. In addition, sand deposits related to hydraulic mining activities underlie the floodplain and are preferentially prone to scour during high-flow events. In contrast, sections of the American River channel have been observed to be scour resistant. In this study, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, explores the resistivity structure of the American River channel to characterize the extent and thickness of lithologic units that may impact the scour potential of the area. Likely lithologic structures are interpreted, but these interpretations are non-unique and cannot be directly related to scour potential. Additional geotechnical data would provide insightful data on the scour potential of certain lithologic units. Additional interpretation of the resistivity data with respect to these results may improve interpretations of lithology and scour potential throughout the American River channel and floodplain.\n\nResistivity data were collected in three profiles along the American River using a water-borne continuous resistivity profiling technique. After processing and modeling these data, inverted resistivity profiles were used to make interpretations about the extent and thickness of possible lithologic units. In general, an intermittent high-resistivity layer likely indicative of sand or gravel deposits extends to a depth of around 30 feet (9 meters) and is underlain by a consistent low-resistivity layer that likely indicates a high-clay content unit that extends below the depth of investigation (60 feet or 18 meters). Immediately upstream of the Watt Avenue Bridge, the high-resistivity layer is absent, and the low-resistivity layer extends to the surface where a scour-resistant layer has been previously observed in the river bed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sacramento District","usgsCitation":"Ball, L.B., and Teeple, A., 2013, Characterization of major lithologic units underlying the lower American River using water-borne continuous resistivity profiling, Sacramento, California, June 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1050, iv, 13 p.; Maps: 5 Sheets: 45 x 22 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131050.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.; Maps: 5 Sheets: 45 x 22 inches","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-06-01","temporalEnd":"2008-07-01","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131050.gif"},{"id":274006,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1050/"},{"id":274007,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1050/OF13-1050.pdf"},{"id":274008,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1050/plate1.pdf"},{"id":274009,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1050/plate2.pdf"},{"id":274010,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1050/plate3.pdf"},{"id":274011,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1050/plate4.pdf"},{"id":274012,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1050/plate5.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Sacramento","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.433333,38.55 ], [ -121.433333,38.591667 ], [ -121.333333,38.591667 ], [ -121.333333,38.55 ], [ -121.433333,38.55 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42210e4b03c77dce65a03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teeple, Andrew   0000-0003-1781-8354 apteeple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-8354","contributorId":1399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeple","given":"Andrew  ","email":"apteeple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046463,"text":"70046463 - 2013 - Endozoochory of seeds and invertebrates by migratory waterbirds in Oklahoma, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-20T13:28:31","indexId":"70046463","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2619,"text":"Limnetica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Endozoochory of seeds and invertebrates by migratory waterbirds in Oklahoma, USA","docAbstract":"Given their abundance and migratory behavior, waterbirds have major potential for dispersing plants and invertebrates within North America, yet their role as vectors remains poorly understood. We investigated the numbers and types of invertebrates and seeds within freshly collected faecal samples (n = 22) of migratory dabbling ducks and shorebirds in November 2008 in two parts of Lake Texoma in southern Oklahoma. Killdeer Charadrius vociferus were transporting a higher number and diversity of both plants and invertebrates than the green-winged teal Anas carolinensis. Ten plant taxa and six invertebrate taxa were identified to at least genus level, although viability was not confirmed for most of these taxa. Bryozoan statoblasts (from four species not previously recorded from Oklahoma) were especially abundant in killdeer faeces, while the ostracod Candona simpsoni was detected as a live adult in torpor in the teal faeces. Cyperaceae and Juncaceae were the most abundant plant families represented and Cyperus strigosus seeds germinated after extraction from killdeer faeces. This snapshot study underlines the importance of waterbirds as vectors of passive dispersal of many organisms and the need for more research in this discipline.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnetica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Asociación Ibérica de Limnología","usgsCitation":"Green, A.J., Frisch, D., Michot, T.C., Allain, L.K., and Barrow, W., 2013, Endozoochory of seeds and invertebrates by migratory waterbirds in Oklahoma, USA: Limnetica, v. 32, no. 1, p. 39-46.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"46","ipdsId":"IP-035870","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274046,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.limnetica.com/fulltext/Limnetica_32v1_2013.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.0,33.62 ], [ -103.0,37.0 ], [ -94.43,37.0 ], [ -94.43,33.62 ], [ -103.0,33.62 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42211e4b03c77dce65a13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Andy J.","contributorId":30531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Andy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frisch, Dagmar","contributorId":91004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisch","given":"Dagmar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michot, Thomas C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":57935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allain, Larry K. 0000-0002-7717-9761 allainl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-9761","contributorId":2414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allain","given":"Larry","email":"allainl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":1988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046668,"text":"ofr20131128 - 2013 - Internal nutrient sources and nutrient distributions in Alviso Pond A3W, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:14:48","indexId":"ofr20131128","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1128","title":"Internal nutrient sources and nutrient distributions in Alviso Pond A3W, California","docAbstract":"Within the Alviso Salt Pond complex, California, currently undergoing avian-habitat restoration, pore-water profilers (U.S. Patent 8,051,727 B1) were deployed in triplicate at two contrasting sites in Pond A3W (“Inlet”, near the inflow, and “Deep”, near the middle of the pond; figs. 1 and 2; table 1, note that tables in this report are provided online only as a .xlsx workbook at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1128/). Deployments were conducted in 2010 and 2012 during the summer algal-growth season. Specifically, three deployments, each about 7 weeks apart, were undertaken each summer. This study provides the first measurements of the diffusive flux of nutrients across the interface between the pond bed and water column (that is, benthic nutrient flux). These nutrient fluxes are crucial to pond restoration efforts because they typically represent a major (if not the greatest) source of nutrients to the water column in both ponds and other lentic systems.\n\nFor soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP, the most biologically available form in solution), benthic flux was positive both years (that is, out of the sediment into the water column; table 2), with the exception of the August 2010 deployment, which exhibited nearly negligible but negative flux. Overall, the average SRP flux was significantly greater at Deep (23.9 ± 8.6 micromoles per square meter per hour (µmol-m<sup>-2</sup>-h<sup>-1</sup>); all errors shown reflect the 95-percent confidence interval) than Inlet (12.6 ± 4.9 µmol-m<sup>-2</sup>-h<sup>-1</sup>). There was much greater temporal variability in SRP flux in the pond than reported for the lower estuary (Topping and others, 2001).\n\nFor dissolved ammonia, benthic flux was consistently positive on all six sampling trips, and similar to SRP, the fluxes at Deep (258 ± 49 µmol-m<sup>-2</sup>-h<sup>-1</sup>) were consistently greater than those at Inlet (28 ± 11 µmol-m<sup>-2</sup>-h<sup>-1</sup>). Dissolved ammonia fluxes reported for South San Francisco Bay by Topping and others (2001) fall in between these values. Once again, greater variability for benthic fluxes determined in the pond was observed relative to adjacent South San Francisco Bay. With the near absence of any measurable concentration gradient, dissolved-nitrate fluxes were consistently negligible in the pond.\n\nSilica fluxes are often used to represent sediment diagenetic processes that biogeochemically cycle silica (an important algal macronutrient) between biogenic and inorganic phases (Fanning and Pilson, 1974; Emerson and others, 1984). For South San Francisco Bay, those values are consistently positive from core-incubation experiments. In Pond A3W, dissolved-silica fluxes averaged 49 ± 25 µmol-m<sup>-2</sup>-h<sup>-1</sup> at Inlet and were much higher at Deep (482 ± 370 µmol-m<sup>-2</sup>-h<sup>-1</sup>), similar to the spatially variability observed for SRP and dissolved ammonia. An elevated silica flux can stimulate diatom production and subsequent eutrophication effects. Variability in these silica fluxes is consistent with season patterns in pond primary productivity.\n\nOn the basis of comparisons of dissolved-oxygen flux measurements by profilers and core incubations, it appears that diffusive flux estimates for the sediment in this pond, as one might expected in such benthically productive environments, result in a significant underestimation of true sediment oxygen demand. Therefore, a core incubation experiment was conducted to better quantify the demand.\n\nTo complement these benthic-flux studies, a diurnal study of nutrient advective flux into and out of the pond was measured during neap and spring tides to provide comparative estimates for allochthonous solute transport (Garret, 2012). Using the two different tides as the probable upper and lower boundaries, we can estimate a range of probable values throughout the year. After converting this advective flux into kg/yr, we can compare it directly to benthic flux estimates for the pond extrapolated over the 2.27 square kilometer (km<sup>2</sup>) pond surface. Benthic flux of nitrogen species, averaged over all sites and dates, was about 80,000 kilograms per year (kg/yr), well above the adjective flux range of -50 to 1,500 kg/yr. By contrast, the average benthic flux of orthophosphate was about 12,000 kg/yr, well below the advective flux range of 21,500 to 30,000 kg/yr.\n\nInitial benthic flux estimates were also made for trace metals, including copper, nickel, iron, and manganese. These analyses indicated that the two sites, Inlet and Deep, have different pore-water profiles, with Inlet exhibiting much higher benthic flux estimates for nickel, iron, and manganese.\n\nThese initial benthic-flux values reported for macronutrients are particularly impressive in magnitude when one considers that diffusive flux of dissolved solutes based on pore-water profiles provides a conservative determination that may be enhanced by other biogeochemical processes. These enhancement processes (Boudreau and Jorgensen, 2001) include bioturbation, bioirrigation, wind resuspension, and potential groundwater inflows, some of which are captured in core-incubation experiments (Kuwabara and others, 2009). Hence, the values reported herein represent lower bounds to indicate the potential importance of such internal solute sources. The elevated diffusive fluxes for nutrients in the pond relative to the adjacent estuary indicate that vertical nutrient transport between the pond bed and water column is consistently an important (and at times the most important) source of nutrients that stimulate phytoplankton growth in the water column. One might therefore reasonably hypothesize that this benthic transport of biologically reactive solutes (both nutrients and toxicants) represents the most important step at the base of the food web for trophic transfer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Topping, B.R., Kuwabara, J.S., Garrett, K.K., Takekawa, J.Y., Parcheso, F., Piotter, S., Clearwater, I., and Shellenbarger, G., 2013, Internal nutrient sources and nutrient distributions in Alviso Pond A3W, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1128, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131128.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":633,"text":"Water Resources National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131128.gif"},{"id":274016,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1128/of2013-1128_tables.xlsx"},{"id":274014,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1128/"},{"id":274015,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1128/of2013-1128_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Jose","otherGeospatial":"Alviso","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0912,37.3685 ], [ -122.0912,37.5088 ], [ -121.8669,37.5088 ], [ -121.8669,37.3685 ], [ -122.0912,37.3685 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42212e4b03c77dce65a1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrett, Krista K.","contributorId":54094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Krista","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Piotter, Sara","contributorId":43464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piotter","given":"Sara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clearwater, Iris","contributorId":97406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clearwater","given":"Iris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shellenbarger, Gregory gshellen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellenbarger","given":"Gregory","email":"gshellen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70046666,"text":"sir20135114 - 2013 - A model for evaluating effects of climate, water availability, and water management on wetland impoundments--a case study on Bowdoin, Long Lake, and Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-19T09:25:29","indexId":"sir20135114","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5114","title":"A model for evaluating effects of climate, water availability, and water management on wetland impoundments--a case study on Bowdoin, Long Lake, and Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuges","docAbstract":"Many wetland impoundments managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wildlife Refuge System throughout the northern Great Plains rely on rivers as a primary water source. A large number of these impoundments currently are being stressed from changes in water supplies and quality, and these problems are forecast to worsen because of projected changes to climate and land use. For example, many managed wetlands in arid regions have become degraded owing to the long-term accumulation of salts and increased salinity associated with evapotranspiration. A primary goal of the USFWS is to provide aquatic habitats for a diversity of waterbirds; thus, wetland managers would benefit from a tool that facilitates evaluation of wetland habitat quality in response to current and anticipated impacts of altered hydrology and salt balances caused by factors such as climate change, water availability, and management actions.\n\nA spreadsheet model that simulates the overall water and salinity balance (WSB model) of managed wetland impoundments is presented. The WSB model depicts various habitat metrics, such as water depth, salinity, and surface areas (inundated, dry), which can be used to evaluate alternative management actions under various water-availability and climate scenarios. The WSB model uses widely available spreadsheet software, is relatively simple to use, relies on widely available inputs, and is readily adaptable to specific locations. The WSB model was validated using data from three National Wildlife Refuges with direct and indirect connections to water resources associated with rivers, and common data limitations are highlighted. The WSB model also was used to conduct simulations based on hypothetical climate and management scenarios to demonstrate the utility of the model for evaluating alternative management strategies and climate futures. The WSB model worked well across a range of National Wildlife Refuges and could be a valuable tool for USFWS staff when evaluating system state and management alternatives and establishing long-term goals and objectives.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135114","usgsCitation":"Tangen, B., Gleason, R.A., and Stamm, J., 2013, A model for evaluating effects of climate, water availability, and water management on wetland impoundments--a case study on Bowdoin, Long Lake, and Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuges: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5114, vi, 37 p.; WSB Model, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135114.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.; WSB Model","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135114.jpg"},{"id":273994,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5114/WSB%20Model.xlsx"},{"id":273992,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5114/"},{"id":273993,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5114/sir2013-5114.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge;Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge;Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.8,45.6 ], [ -107.8,48.533333 ], [ -98.0,48.533333 ], [ -98.0,45.6 ], [ -107.8,45.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c2c4cde4b08857aac42378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tangen, Brian A.","contributorId":78419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gleason, Robert A. 0000-0001-5308-8657 rgleason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-8657","contributorId":2402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Robert","email":"rgleason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamm, John F. 0000-0002-3404-2933 jstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":2859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John F.","email":"jstamm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046665,"text":"sir20135110 - 2013 - Methods and results of peak-flow frequency analyses for streamgages in and bordering Minnesota, through water year 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T16:20:48","indexId":"sir20135110","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5110","title":"Methods and results of peak-flow frequency analyses for streamgages in and bordering Minnesota, through water year 2011","docAbstract":"Peak-flow frequency analyses were completed for 409 streamgages in and bordering Minnesota having at least 10 systematic peak flows through water year 2011. Selected annual exceedance probabilities were determined by fitting a log-Pearson type III probability distribution to the recorded annual peak flows. A detailed explanation of the methods that were used to determine the annual exceedance probabilities, the historical period, acceptable low outliers, and analysis method for each streamgage are presented. The final results of the analyses are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135110","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Kessler, E.W., Lorenz, D.L., and Sanocki, C.A., 2013, Methods and results of peak-flow frequency analyses for streamgages in and bordering Minnesota, through water year 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5110, Report: iv, 46 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135110.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 46 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135110.gif"},{"id":273985,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5110/sir2013-5110.pdf"},{"id":273986,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5110/"},{"id":273987,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5110/downloads/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -98,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -91,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -91,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -98,0.0011111111111111111 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c1735ae4b0dd0e00d9219b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kessler, Erich W. 0000-0002-0869-4743 ekessler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0869-4743","contributorId":2871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kessler","given":"Erich","email":"ekessler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanocki, Christopher A.","contributorId":100432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanocki","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044048,"text":"70044048 - 2013 - Multi-temporal maps of the Montaguto earth flow in southern Italy from 1954 to 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T15:14:03","indexId":"70044048","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2375,"text":"Journal of Maps","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-temporal maps of the Montaguto earth flow in southern Italy from 1954 to 2010","docAbstract":"Historical movement of the Montaguto earth flow in southern Italy has periodically destroyed residences and farmland, and damaged the Italian National Road SS90 and the Benevento-Foggia National Railway. This paper provides maps from an investigation into the evolution of the Montaguto earth flow from 1954 to 2010. We used aerial photos, topographic maps, LiDAR data, satellite images, and field observations to produce multi-temporal maps. The maps show the spatial and temporal distribution of back-tilted surfaces, flank ridges, and normal, thrust, and strike-slip faults. Springs, creeks, and ponds are also shown on the maps. The maps provide a basis for interpreting how basal and lateral boundary geometries influence earth-flow behavior and surface-water hydrology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Maps","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/17445647.2013.765812","usgsCitation":"Guerriero, L., Revellino, P., Coe, J.A., Focareta, M., Grelle, G., Albanese, V., Corazza, A., and Guadagno, F.M., 2013, Multi-temporal maps of the Montaguto earth flow in southern Italy from 1954 to 2010: Journal of Maps, v. 9, no. 1, p. 135-145, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2013.765812.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"145","ipdsId":"IP-040890","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2013.765812","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273948,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2013.765812"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Montaguto Earth Flow","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 6.63,35.29 ], [ 6.63,47.09 ], [ 18.78,47.09 ], [ 18.78,35.29 ], [ 6.63,35.29 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c1735ae4b0dd0e00d9219f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guerriero, Luigi","contributorId":105205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guerriero","given":"Luigi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Revellino, Paola","contributorId":62509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revellino","given":"Paola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Focareta, Mariano","contributorId":26607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focareta","given":"Mariano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grelle, Gerardo","contributorId":102365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grelle","given":"Gerardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Albanese, Vincenzo","contributorId":100723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albanese","given":"Vincenzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Corazza, Angelo","contributorId":92957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corazza","given":"Angelo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Guadagno, Francesco M.","contributorId":102366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guadagno","given":"Francesco","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70045025,"text":"70045025 - 2013 - Development of MODFLOW-USG: an un-structured grid version of MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T15:58:12","indexId":"70045025","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2015,"text":"International Association of Hydrogeologists Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of MODFLOW-USG: an un-structured grid version of MODFLOW","docAbstract":"MODFLOW was revolutionary when it was first unveiled by the USGS in 1988, and since then it has been the most widely used groundwater flow modeling program in the world. MODFLOW’s simulation capabilities have evolved substantially since its initial release and it has been an inspiration for more comprehensive analysis simulators including surface-water/groundwater interaction models (e.g., GSFLOW, SWF, MODHMS, ISGW), flow and transport analysis simulators (e.g., MT3D, MODFLOWSURFACT, MODFLOW-T), and saltwater intrusion models (e.g., SEAWAT).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Association of Hydrogeologists Newsletter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrogeologists","usgsCitation":"Panday, S., 2013, Development of MODFLOW-USG: an un-structured grid version of MODFLOW: International Association of Hydrogeologists Newsletter, v. 42, no. 1, p. 4-5.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"5","ipdsId":"IP-044827","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273964,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.iah.org/usa/spring2013.pdf"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c17356e4b0dd0e00d92177","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panday, Sorab","contributorId":100513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panday","given":"Sorab","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046645,"text":"ofr20131126 - 2013 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Somerset and Westmoreland Counties, Pennsylvania,2004--2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T17:40:08","indexId":"ofr20131126","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1126","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Somerset and Westmoreland Counties, Pennsylvania,2004--2010","docAbstract":"<p>Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Somerset County and Westmoreland County in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131126","usgsCitation":"Milheim, L., Slonecker, E., Roig-Silva, C., and Malizia, A., 2013, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Somerset and Westmoreland Counties, Pennsylvania,2004--2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1126, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131126.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131126.gif"},{"id":273898,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1126"},{"id":273899,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1126/ofr2013-1126.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.25 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A.R.","contributorId":98991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malizia","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046638,"text":"sir20135085 - 2013 - Baseline groundwater quality from 20 domestic wells in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T12:20:56","indexId":"sir20135085","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5085","title":"Baseline groundwater quality from 20 domestic wells in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, 2012","docAbstract":"<p>Water samples were collected from 20 domestic wells during August and September 2012 and analyzed for 47&nbsp;constituents and properties, including nutrients, major ions, metals and trace elements, radioactivity, and dissolved gases, including methane and radon-222. This study, done in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey (Pennsylvania Geological Survey), provides a groundwater-quality baseline for central and southern Sullivan County prior to drilling for natural gas in the Marcellus&nbsp;Shale.</p>\n<p>The analytical results for the 20&nbsp;groundwater samples collected during this study indicate that only one constituent (gross-alpha radioactivity) in one sample was found to exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) primary drinking water maximum contaminant level (MCL). Water samples from 85&nbsp;percent of the sampled wells exceeded the proposed USEPA MCL of 300&nbsp;picocuries per liter (pCi/L) for radon-222; however, only two water samples (10&nbsp;percent of sampled wells) exceeded the proposed USEPA alternate maximum contaminant level (AMCL) of 4,000&nbsp;pCi/L for radon-222. In a few samples, the concentrations of total dissolved solids, iron, manganese, and chloride exceeded USEPA secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCL). In addition, water samples from two wells contained methane concentrations greater than 1&nbsp;milligram per liter&nbsp;(mg/L).</p>\n<p>In general, most of the water-quality problems involve aesthetic considerations, such as taste or odor from elevated concentrations of total dissolved solids, iron, manganese, and chloride that develop from natural interactions of water and rock minerals in the subsurface. The total dissolved solids concentration ranged from 31 to 664&nbsp;mg/L; the median was 130&nbsp;mg/L. The total dissolved solids concentration in one water sample exceeded the USEPA SMCL of 500&nbsp;mg/L. Chloride concentrations ranged from 0.59 to 342&nbsp;mg/L; the median was 12.9&nbsp;mg/L. The concentration of chloride in one water sample exceeded the USEPA SMCL of 250&nbsp;mg/L. Concentrations of dissolved iron ranged from less than 3.2 to 6,590&nbsp;micrograms per liter (&micro;g/L); the median was 11.5&nbsp;&micro;g/L. The iron concentration in samples from 20&nbsp;percent of the sampled wells exceeded the USEPA SMCL of 300&nbsp;&micro;g/L. Concentrations of dissolved manganese ranged from less than 0.13 to 1,710&nbsp;&micro;g/L; the median was 38.5&nbsp;&micro;g/L. The manganese concentration in samples from 35&nbsp;percent of the sampled wells exceeded the USEPA SMCL of&nbsp;50&nbsp;&micro;g/L.</p>\n<p>Activities of radon-222 ranged from 169 to 15,300&nbsp;picocuries per liter (pCi/L); the median was 990&nbsp;pCi/L. The gross alpha-particle radioactivity ranged from below detection to 33&nbsp;pCi/L; the median was 1.5&nbsp;pCi/L. The gross alpha-particle radioactivity of one water sample exceeded the USEPA MCL of&nbsp;15&nbsp;pCi/L.</p>\n<p>Concentrations of dissolved methane ranged from less than 0.001 to 51.1&nbsp;mg/L. Methane was not detected in water samples from 13&nbsp;wells, and the methane concentration was less than 0.07&nbsp;mg/L in samples from five wells. The highest dissolved methane concentrations were 4.1 and 51.1&nbsp;mg/L, and the pH of the water from both wells was greater than 8. Water samples from these wells were analyzed for isotopes of carbon and hydrogen in the methane. The isotopic ratio values fell in the range for a thermogenic (natural gas) source. The water samples from these two wells had the highest concentrations of arsenic, boron, bromide, chloride, fluoride, lithium, molybdenum, and sodium of the 20&nbsp;wells&nbsp;sampled.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135085","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., 2013, Baseline groundwater quality from 20 domestic wells in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5085, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135085.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-08-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135085.png"},{"id":273883,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5085/"},{"id":273884,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5085/support/sir2013-5085.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Sullivan County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-76.2217,41.5447],[-76.225,41.5312],[-76.2277,41.5203],[-76.2322,41.5058],[-76.2527,41.4552],[-76.2732,41.4045],[-76.2829,41.3778],[-76.2962,41.3485],[-76.3097,41.3109],[-76.4076,41.3095],[-76.4472,41.2772],[-76.4673,41.2805],[-76.4942,41.2848],[-76.5143,41.2882],[-76.5271,41.2914],[-76.5454,41.297],[-76.5587,41.3007],[-76.574,41.3027],[-76.5954,41.3069],[-76.6045,41.312],[-76.6154,41.3193],[-76.673,41.3578],[-76.7514,41.4087],[-76.7609,41.4373],[-76.7669,41.4546],[-76.7686,41.4605],[-76.7693,41.461],[-76.7722,41.4714],[-76.7746,41.4778],[-76.7782,41.4878],[-76.7817,41.5001],[-76.7901,41.5224],[-76.7913,41.5255],[-76.7919,41.5278],[-76.7931,41.531],[-76.8002,41.5519],[-76.8104,41.5801],[-76.811,41.5815],[-76.8133,41.5901],[-76.8103,41.5896],[-76.8005,41.5887],[-76.7949,41.5882],[-76.787,41.5872],[-76.7569,41.5839],[-76.7496,41.5834],[-76.6993,41.5795],[-76.6938,41.579],[-76.679,41.578],[-76.6619,41.5765],[-76.6478,41.5755],[-76.6367,41.5745],[-76.5975,41.5715],[-76.5,41.5649],[-76.4454,41.5608],[-76.3277,41.5526],[-76.2487,41.5468],[-76.2432,41.5463],[-76.2383,41.5458],[-76.2217,41.5447]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Sullivan\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c1734ee4b0dd0e00d92173","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046641,"text":"sir20135106 - 2013 - Hydraulic and water-quality data collection for the investigation of Great Lakes tributaries for Asian carp spawning and egg-transport suitability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-20T12:37:04","indexId":"sir20135106","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5106","title":"Hydraulic and water-quality data collection for the investigation of Great Lakes tributaries for Asian carp spawning and egg-transport suitability","docAbstract":"<p>If the invasive Asian carps (bighead carp&nbsp;<i>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</i>&nbsp;and silver carp&nbsp;<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>) migrate to the Great Lakes, in spite of the efforts to stop their advancement, these species will require the fast-flowing water of the Great Lakes tributaries for spawning and recruitment in order to establish a growing population. Two Lake Michigan tributaries (the Milwaukee and St. Joseph Rivers) and two Lake Erie tributaries (the Maumee and Sandusky Rivers) were investigated to determine if these tributaries possess the hydraulic and water-quality characteristics to allow successful spawning of Asian carps. To examine this issue, standard U.S.&nbsp;Geological Survey sampling protocols and instrumentation for discharge and water-quality measurements were used, together with differential global positioning system data for georeferencing. Non-standard data-processing techniques, combined with detailed laboratory analysis of Asian carp egg characteristics, allowed an assessment of the transport capabilities of each of these four tributaries. This assessment is based solely on analysis of observed data and did not utilize the collected data for detailed transport modeling.</p>\n<p>All four tributaries exhibited potential settling zones for Asian carp eggs both within the estuaries and river mouths and within the lower 100 kilometers (km) of the river. Dams played a leading role in defining these settling zones, with the exception of dams on the Sandusky River. The impoundments created by many of the larger dams on these rivers acted to sufficiently decelerate the flows and allowed the shear velocity to drop below the settling velocity for Asian carp eggs, which would allow the eggs to fall out of suspension and settle on the bottom where it is thought the eggs would perish. While three rivers exhibited these settling zones upstream of the larger dams, not all settling zones are likely to have such effects on egg transport. The Milwaukee River exhibited only a short settling zone upstream of the Grafton Dam, whereas the St. Joseph and Maumee Rivers both had extensive settling zones (&gt;5 km) behind major dams. These longer settling zones are likely to capture more eggs than shorter settling reaches. All four rivers exhibited settling zones at their river mouths, with the Lake Erie tributaries having much larger settling zones extending more than 10 km up the tributaries.</p>\n<p>While hydraulic data from all four rivers indicated settling of eggs is possible in some locations, all four rivers also exhibited sufficient temperatures, water-quality characteristics, turbulence, and transport times outside of settling zones for successful suspension and development of Asian carp eggs to the hatching stage before the threat of settlement. These observed data indicate that these four Great Lakes tributaries have sufficient hydraulic and water-quality characteristics to support successful spawning and recruitment of Asian carps. The data indicate that with the right temperature and flow conditions, river reaches as short as 25 km may allow Asian carp eggs sufficient time to develop to hatching. Additionally, examining the relation between critical shear velocity and mean velocity, egg settling appears to take place at mean velocities in the range of 15&ndash;25&nbsp;centimeters per second, a much lower value than is generally cited in the literature. A first-order estimate of the minimum transport velocity for Asian carp eggs in a river can be obtained by using mean flow depth and river substrate data, and curves were constructed to show this relation. These findings would expand the number of possible tributaries suitable for Asian carp spawning and contribute to the understanding of how hydraulic and water-quality information can be used to screen additional rivers in the future.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Murphy, E., and Jackson, P., 2013, Hydraulic and water-quality data collection for the investigation of Great Lakes tributaries for Asian carp spawning and egg-transport suitability: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5106, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135106.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273892,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5106/pdf/sir2013-5106_web.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.98 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":273888,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5106/"},{"id":273900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135106.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.0,40.0 ], [ -90.0,43.0 ], [ -82.0,43.0 ], [ -82.0,40.0 ], [ -90.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c17359e4b0dd0e00d9218b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":69660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan","contributorId":68571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P. Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046524,"text":"70046524 - 2013 - Development of a Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator to evaluate the transport and dispersion of Asian carp eggs in rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T12:08:31","indexId":"70046524","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator to evaluate the transport and dispersion of Asian carp eggs in rivers","docAbstract":"Asian carp are migrating towards the Great Lakes and are threatening to invade this ecosystem, hence there is an immediate need to control their population. The transport of Asian carp eggs in potential spawning rivers is an important factor in its life history and recruitment success. An understanding of the transport, development, and fate of Asian carp eggs has the potential to create prevention, management, and control strategies before the eggs hatch and develop the ability to swim. However, there is not a clear understanding of the hydrodynamic conditions at which the eggs are transported and kept in suspension. This knowledge is imperative because of the current assumption that suspension is required for the eggs to survive. Herein, FluEgg (Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator), a three-dimensional Lagrangian model capable of evaluating the influence of flow velocity, shear dispersion and turbulent diffusion on the transport and dispersal patterns of Asian carp eggs is presented. The model's variables include not only biological behavior (growth rate, density changes) but also the physical characteristics of the flow field, such as mean velocities and eddy diffusivities. The performance of the FluEgg model was evaluated using observed data from published flume experiments conducted in China with water-hardened Asian carp eggs as subjects. FluEgg simulations show a good agreement with the experimental data. The model was also run with observed data from the Sandusky River in Ohio to provide a real-world demonstration case. This research will support the identification of critical hydrodynamic conditions (e.g., flow velocity, depth, and shear velocity) to maintain eggs in suspension, assist in the evaluation of suitable spawning rivers for Asian carp populations and facilitate the development of prevention, control and management strategies for Asian carp species in rivers and water bodies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.005","usgsCitation":"Garcia, T., Jackson, P., Murphy, E., Valocchi, A.J., and Garcia, M., 2013, Development of a Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator to evaluate the transport and dispersion of Asian carp eggs in rivers: Ecological Modelling, v. 263, p. 211-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.005.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"222","ipdsId":"IP-042130","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93UCQR2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"FluEgg"},{"id":273818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273688,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.005"}],"volume":"263","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c021d5e4b0ee1529ecdec6","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.005","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.005","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Garcia Tatiana, Jackson P. Ryan, Murphy Elizabeth A., Valocchi Albert J., Garcia Marcelo H.","journalName":"Ecological Modelling","publicationDate":"8/2013"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, Tatiana","contributorId":54870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Tatiana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan","contributorId":68571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P. 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,{"id":70046637,"text":"sir20135093 - 2013 - Vegetation map of the watersheds between Kawela and Kamalō Gulches, Island of Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T20:22:16","indexId":"sir20135093","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5093","title":"Vegetation map of the watersheds between Kawela and Kamalō Gulches, Island of Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi","docAbstract":"In this document we describe the methods and results of a project to produce a large-scale map of the dominant plant communities for an area of 5,118.5 hectares encompassing the Kawela and Kamalō watersheds on the island of Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi, using digital image analysis of multi-spectral satellite imagery. Besides providing a base map of the area for land managers to use, this vegetation map serves as spatial background for the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Molokaʻi Ridge-to-Reef project, which is an interdisciplinary study of erosion and sediment transport within these watersheds. A total of 14 mapping units were identified for the Kawela-Kamalō project area. The most widespread units were the ʻŌhiʻa montane wet or mesic forest and No vegetation or very sparse grasses/shrubs communities, each present in more than 800 hectares, or 16 percent of the mapping area. Next largest were the Kiawe woodland with alien grass understory and ʻAʻaliʻi dry shrubland units, each of which covered more than 500 hectares, or more than 12 percent of the area; followed by the Mixed native mesic shrubland, ʻIlima and mixed grass dry shrubland, Mixed alien grass with ʻilima shrubs, and the Mixed alien forest with alien shrub/grass understory communities, which ranged in size from approximately 391 to 491 hectares, or 7.6 to 9.6 percent of the project site. The other six mapped units covered less than 170 hectares of the landscape. Six of the map units were dominated by native vegetation, covering a total of 2,535.2 hectares combined, or approximately 50 percent of the project area. The remaining map units were dominated by nonnative species and represent vegetation types that have resulted from invasion and establishment of plant species that had been either purposely or accidently introduced into Hawaiʻi since humans arrived in these islands more than 1,500 years ago. The preponderance of mapping units that are dominated by alien species of plants is a strong indication of how much anthropogenic disturbance has occurred in this area. The native-dominated ʻŌhiʻa forest and uluhe fern communities are probably most similar to the vegetation that was originally found in the upper part of the project area this area. Portions of the mixed mesic native shrub community still persist in the lowland mesic zone, but below that area, the vegetation is either dominated by alien species, or artificially opened by animal grazing and erosion, even in the few units that are still dominated by native species. The map produced for the Kawela to Kamalō watersheds can be used as a baseline for assessing the distribution and abundance of the various plant communities found across this landscape at the time of the imagery (2004). It can also be used to help understand the dynamics of the vegetation and other attributes of this watershed—such as erosion and surface transport of sediment, relative to current and future habitat conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135093","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the Hawaiʻi Cooperative Studies, University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo","usgsCitation":"Jacobi, J.D., and Ambagis, S., 2013, Vegetation map of the watersheds between Kawela and Kamalō Gulches, Island of Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5093, vi, 22 p.; Map: 1 Sheet: 11 x 17 inches; GIS Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135093.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.; Map: 1 Sheet: 11 x 17 inches; GIS Data","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135093.gif"},{"id":273873,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5093/sir2013-5093_map.pdf"},{"id":273874,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5093/sir2013-5093_text.pdf"},{"id":273872,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5093/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Moloka'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157.3108,21.0462 ], [ -157.3108,21.2241 ], [ -156.7097,21.2241 ], [ -156.7097,21.0462 ], [ -157.3108,21.0462 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c021d6e4b0ee1529ecdece","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobi, James D. 0000-0003-2313-7862 jjacobi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-7862","contributorId":3705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"James","email":"jjacobi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ambagis, Stephen","contributorId":83430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambagis","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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