Wetland-dependent birds are considered to be at particularly high risk for negative climate change effects. Current and future distributions of American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), American Coot (Fulica americana), Black Tern (Chlidonias niger), Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) and Sora (Porzana carolina), five waterbird species common in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), were predicted using species distribution models (SDMs) in combination with climate data that projected a drier future for the PPR. Regional-scale SDMs were created for the U.S. PPR using breeding bird survey occurrence records for 1971-2000 and wetland and climate parameters. For each waterbird species, current distribution and four potential future distributions were predicted: all combinations of two Global Circulation Models and two emissions scenarios. Averaged for all five species, the ensemble range reduction was 64%. However, projected range losses for individual species varied widely with Sora and Black Tern projected to lose close to 100% and American Bittern 29% of their current range. Future distributions were also projected to a hypothetical landscape where wetlands were numerous and constant to highlight areas suitable as conservation reserves under a drier future climate. The ensemble model indicated that northeastern North Dakota and northern Minnesota would be the best areas for conservation reserves within the U.S. PPR under the modeled conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.035.0204","usgsCitation":"Steen, V., and Powell, A., 2012, Potential effects of climate change on the distribution of waterbirds in the Prairie Pothole Region, U.S.A.: Waterbirds, v. 35, no. 2, p. 217-229, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0204.","startPage":"217","endPage":"229","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031024","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262638,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota;South Dakota;Minnesota;Iowa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 104.07,41.41 ], [ 104.07,49.03 ], [ 92.96,49.03 ], [ 92.96,41.41 ], [ 104.07,41.41 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee068e4b022001d87bb92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steen, Valerie vsteen@usgs.gov","contributorId":5598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steen","given":"Valerie","email":"vsteen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Abby N. abby_powell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby N.","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":351626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040318,"text":"ofr20121185 - 2012 - 2011 Year in review - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T14:26:49","indexId":"ofr20121185","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1185","title":"2011 Year in review - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center","docAbstract":"The USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center's 2011 Year in Review is an annual report recounting the broad scope of the Center's 2011 accomplishments. The report covers preparations for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) launch, the ever-increasing use of free Landsat data, monitoring the effects of natural hazards, and more to emphasize the importance of innovation in using satellite data to study change over time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121185","usgsCitation":"2012, 2011 Year in review - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1185, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121185.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1185.jpg"},{"id":262580,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262581,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1185/ofr2012-1185.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Sioux Falls","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.840384,43.465702 ], [ -96.840384,43.798528 ], [ -96.530628,43.798528 ], [ -96.530628,43.465702 ], [ -96.840384,43.465702 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4927e4b0b290850eeeba","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Johnson, Rebecca L. 0000-0002-8771-6161 rljohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-6161","contributorId":178874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Rebecca","email":"rljohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730608,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040317,"text":"ofr20121168 - 2012 - waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:25:21","indexId":"ofr20121168","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1168","title":"waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0","docAbstract":"Hydrologic time series data and associated anomalies (multiple components of the original time series representing variability at longer-term and shorter-term time scales) are useful for modeling trends in hydrologic variables, such as streamflow, and for modeling water-quality constituents. An R package, called waterData, has been developed for importing daily hydrologic time series data from U.S. Geological Survey streamgages into the R programming environment. In addition to streamflow, data retrieval may include gage height and continuous physical property data, such as specific conductance, pH, water temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. The package allows for importing daily hydrologic data into R, plotting the data, fixing common data problems, summarizing the data, and the calculation and graphical presentation of anomalies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121168","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Ryberg, K.R., and Vecchia, A.V., 2012, waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0 (Version 1.0 - October 12, 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1168, Report: iv, 8 p.; Appendixes 1-2, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121168.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 8 p.; Appendixes 1-2","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1168.gif"},{"id":262582,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1168/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262583,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1168/of12-1168.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0 - October 12, 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507d2380e4b0905c2a76c029","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryberg, Karen R. 0000-0002-9834-2046 kryberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-2046","contributorId":1172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"Karen","email":"kryberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040324,"text":"ds716 - 2012 - High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:26:28","indexId":"ds716","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"716","title":"High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000","docAbstract":"Crater Lake partially fills the caldera that formed approximately 7,700 years ago during the eruption of a 12,000-foot volcano known as Mount Mazama. The caldera-forming or climactic eruption of Mount Mazama devastated the surrounding landscape, left a thick deposit of pumice and ash in adjacent valleys, and spread a blanket of volcanic ash as far away as southern Canada. Because the Crater Lake region is potentially volcanically active, knowledge of past events is important to understanding hazards from future eruptions. Similarly, because the area is seismically active, documenting and evaluating geologic faults is critical to assessing hazards from earthquakes. As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey was awarded funding for high-precision airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data collection at several volcanoes in the Cascade Range through the Oregon LiDAR Consortium, administered by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI). The Oregon LiDAR Consortium contracted with Watershed Sciences, Inc., to conduct the data collection surveys. Collaborating agencies participating with the Oregon LiDAR Consortium for data collection in the Crater Lake region include Crater Lake National Park (National Park Service) and the Federal Highway Administration. In the immediate vicinity of Crater Lake National Park, 798 square kilometers of LiDAR data were collected, providing a digital elevation dataset of the ground surface beneath forest cover with an average resolution of 1.6 laser returns/m2 and both vertical and horizontal accuracies of ±5 cm. The LiDAR data were mosaicked in this report with bathymetry of the lake floor of Crater Lake, collected in 2000 using high-resolution multibeam sonar in a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey, Crater Lake National Park, and the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire. The bathymetric survey collected 16 million soundings with a spatial resolution of 2 meters using an EM1002 system owned and operated by C&C Technologies, Inc. The combined LiDAR and bathymetric dataset has a cell size of 1 meter and will contribute to understanding past volcanic events and their deposits, recognizing of faults and volcanic landforms, and quantifying landscape modification during and after the next volcanic eruption at Crater Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds716","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., 2012, High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 716, Elevation Data Zip File; FGDC Metadata Files; CraterLakeDeliveryReport: 18 p.; CraterLakeAcceptanceReport: 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds716.","productDescription":"Elevation Data Zip File; FGDC Metadata Files; CraterLakeDeliveryReport: 18 p.; CraterLakeAcceptanceReport: 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_716.gif"},{"id":262575,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262574,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/DS716-CraterLake_LiDAR.zip"},{"id":262576,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/CraterLakeDeliveryReport.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/CraterLakeAcceptanceReport.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crate Lake;Mount Mazama","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.303132,42.767484 ], [ -122.303132,43.089087 ], [ -121.967386,43.089087 ], [ -121.967386,42.767484 ], [ -122.303132,42.767484 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507c6695e4b0f026455bc94e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Joel E. 0000-0002-5193-3666 jrobins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3666","contributorId":2757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Joel E.","email":"jrobins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156665,"text":"70156665 - 2012 - Dark and background response stability for the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:31:21","indexId":"70156665","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Dark and background response stability for the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor","docAbstract":"The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) is a pushbroom sensor that will be a part of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), which is a joint mission between NASA and the USGS. The TIRS instrument will continue to collect the thermal infrared data that are currently being collected by the Thematic Mapper and the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus on Landsats 5 and 7, respectively. One of the key requirements of the new sensor is that the dark and background response be stable to ensure proper data continuity from the legacy Landsat instruments. Pre launch testing of the instrument has recently been completed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), which included calibration collects that mimic those that will be performed on orbit. These collects include images of a cold plate meant to simulate the deep space calibration source as viewed by the instrument in flight. The data from these collects give insight into the stability of the instrument’s dark and background response, as well as factors that may cause these responses to vary. This paper quantifies the measured background and dark response of TIRS as well as its stability.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE volume 8510","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XVII","conferenceDate":"August 13-16, 2012","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, California","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.930139","usgsCitation":"Vanderwerff, K., and Montanaro, M., 2012, Dark and background response stability for the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor, in Proceedings of SPIE volume 8510, San Diego, California, August 13-16, 2012, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/12.930139.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039642","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91b0e4b0518e354dd147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vanderwerff, Kelly kvanderwerff@usgs.gov","contributorId":4617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderwerff","given":"Kelly","email":"kvanderwerff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montanaro, Matthew","contributorId":147004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montanaro","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040282,"text":"ds687 - 2012 - Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-12T17:16:08","indexId":"ds687","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"687","title":"Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Population growth and changes in land use have the potential to affect water quality and quantity in the upper Gunnison River Basin. In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, City of Gunnison, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Crested Butte South Metropolitan District, Gunnison County, Hinsdale County, Mount Crested Butte Water and Sanitation District, National Park Service, Town of Crested Butte, U.S. Forest Service, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, and Western State College, established a water-quality monitoring program in the upper Gunnison River Basin to characterize current water-quality conditions and to assess the effects of increased urban development and other land-use changes on water quality. The monitoring network has evolved into two groups of sites: (1) sites that are considered long term and (2) sites that are considered rotational. Data from the long-term sites assist in defining temporal changes in water quality (how conditions may change over time). The rotational sites assist in the spatial definition of water-quality conditions (how conditions differ throughout the basin) and address local and short-term concerns. Biannual summaries of the water-quality data from the monitoring network provide a point of reference for stakeholder discussions regarding the location and purpose of water-quality monitoring sites in the upper Gunnison River Basin. This report compares and summarizes the data collected during water years 2008 and 2009 to the historical data available at these sites. The introduction provides a map of the sampling sites, definitions of terms, and a one-page summary of selected water-quality conditions at the network sites. The remainder of the report is organized around the data collected at individual sites. Data collected during water years 2008 and 2009 are compared to historical data, State water-quality standards, and Federal water-quality guidelines. A seasonal Kendall test for trend analysis is completed when there is sufficient data (typically >5 years) at the station. Data were collected following USGS protocols.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds687","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, City of Gunnison, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Crested Butte South Metropolitan District, Gunnison County, Hinsdale County, Mount Crested Butte Water and Sanitation District, National Park Service, Town of Crested Butte, U.S. Forest Service, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, and Western State College","usgsCitation":"Solberg, P.A., Moore, B., and Blacklock, T.D., 2012, Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 687, vi, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds687.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_687.gif"},{"id":262541,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/687/DS687.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262540,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/687/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Gunnison River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,37.9167 ], [ -107.5,39.00 ], [ -106.5,39.00 ], [ -106.5,37.9167 ], [ -107.5,37.9167 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507995bce4b008dc419c53de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solberg, Patricia A. psolberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":2418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solberg","given":"Patricia","email":"psolberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Bryan bmoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Bryan","email":"bmoore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blacklock, Ty D. tblacklo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blacklock","given":"Ty","email":"tblacklo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171528,"text":"70171528 - 2012 - Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T13:57:35","indexId":"70171528","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Material exports by rivers, particularly carbon exports, provide insight to basin geology, weathering, and ecological processes within the basin. Accurate accounting of those exports is valuable to understanding present, past, and projected basin-wide changes in those processes. We calculated lateral export of inorganic and organic carbon (IC and OC) from rivers draining the conterminous United States using stream gaging and water quality data from more than 100 rivers. Approximately 90% of land area and 80% of water export were included, which enabled a continental-scale estimate using minor extrapolation. Total carbon export was 41–49 Tg C yr−1. IC was >75% of export and exceeded OC export in every region except the southeastern Atlantic seaboard. The 10 largest rivers, by discharge, accounted for 66% of water export and carried 74 and 62% of IC and OC export, respectively. Watershed carbon yield for the conterminous United States was 4.2 and 1.3 g C m−2 yr−1 for IC and OC, respectively. The dominance of IC export was unexpected but is consistent with geologic models suggesting high weathering rates in the continental United States due to the prevalence of easily weathered sedimentary rock.
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We made concomitant estimates of grazing intensity, channel stabilization and incision, gradient, sediment particle size, and nearby planting of Russian olive. The purpose of this publication is to describe the data set and make it available to other investigators in an electronic format.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds708","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Friedman, J.M., Shafroth, P.B., Merigliano, M.F., and Scott, M.L., 2012, Woody riparian vegetation near selected streamgages in the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 708, Report: iv, 8 p.; Description File; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds708.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 8 p.; Description File; Data Files","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_708.gif"},{"id":262536,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/708/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262537,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/708/DS708.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona;California;Colorado;Idaho;Kansas;Montana;Nebraska;Nevada;New Mexio;North Dakota;Oklahoma;Oregon;South Dakota;Texas;Utah;Washington;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0000,25.7500 ], [ -123.0000,49.0000 ], [ -100.0000,49.0000 ], [ -100.0000,25.7500 ], [ -123.0000,25.7500 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e587bfe4b0a4aa5bb0a0f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merigliano, Michael F.","contributorId":24211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merigliano","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157551,"text":"70157551 - 2012 - Quantification of water-level variability effect on plant species populations using paleoecological and hydrological time series data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:07:25","indexId":"70157551","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Quantification of water-level variability effect on plant species populations using paleoecological and hydrological time series data","docAbstract":"Soil cores provide valuable data on historical changes in vegetation and hydrologic conditions. Empirical models were developed to quantify the effect of meteorological and hydrologic forcing on plant species distributions over a 110-year period in Water Conservation Area 1 (WCA1) in the Florida Everglades, also known as the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. Empirical models that predict plant species distributions at sites within WCA1 were developed by linking temporally sparse seed bank data from soil cores with continuous multi-decadal daily meteorological and hydrologic time series data. The meteorological data included rainfall and maximum daily temperatures that spanned the entire study period of 110 years. The hydrologic data included stage data from two gages in WCA1 established in 1954. These stage data were hindcasted to be concurrent with the meteorological data by using correlation models that fit measured stages as a function of the meteorological parameters. The historical plant species data came from seven peat cores from WCA1. Different depths from each core were carbon-dated and assayed for relative percentages of 83 plant species using pollen counts. The oldest dates were more than 1,000 years old; however, only core data that overlapped the study period were used, for a total of 67 assays among the seven cores. Twenty-three of the species had ratios of at least 5 percent for one or more of the 67 assays, hereafter referred to as the \"top23\". Using the assays as input vectors, the top23 were grouped using the k-means clustering into four plant classes that represented the extent to which the various species have historically appeared together. This reduced the modeling problem to one of predicting the relative ratios of the four plant classes from the hindcasted stage time-series data. A separate empirical model was developed for each class using a multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network, which provides multivariate, nonlinear curve fitting. The models predicted the relative ratios of the classes, and the sums of the predictions are near 1. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the models varied from 0.87 to 0.96, indicating that the relative ratios of the plant classes are predictable, and therefore controllable, from stage forcing. Similar soil cores are available for the Coastal Plain of North Carolina and are planned for the Congaree National Park in South Carolina.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceTitle":"2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 10-11 2012","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, South Carolina","language":"English","publisher":"Clemson University Center for Watershed Excellence","usgsCitation":"Roehl, E.A., Conrads, P., and Bernhardt, C., 2012, Quantification of water-level variability effect on plant species populations using paleoecological and hydrological time series data, in Proceedings of the 2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, South Carolina, October 10-11 2012, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Arthur R. 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56067038e4b058f706e5194c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernhardt, Christopher","contributorId":148001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003750,"text":"70003750 - 2012 - Resource selection models are useful in predicting fine-scale distributions of black-footed ferrets in prairie dog colonies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-12T17:16:08","indexId":"70003750","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T14:17:08","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource selection models are useful in predicting fine-scale distributions of black-footed ferrets in prairie dog colonies","docAbstract":"Wildlife-habitat relationships are often conceptualized as resource selection functions (RSFs)—models increasingly used to estimate species distributions and prioritize habitat conservation. We evaluated the predictive capabilities of 2 black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) RSFs developed on a 452-ha colony of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in the Conata Basin, South Dakota. We used the RSFs to project the relative probability of occurrence of ferrets throughout an adjacent 227-ha colony. We evaluated performance of the RSFs using ferret space use data collected via postbreeding spotlight surveys June–October 2005–2006. In home ranges and core areas, ferrets selected the predicted \"very high\" and \"high\" occurrence categories of both RSFs. Count metrics also suggested selection of these categories; for each model in each year, approximately 81% of ferret locations occurred in areas of very high or high predicted occurrence. These results suggest usefulness of the RSFs in estimating the distribution of ferrets throughout a black-tailed prairie dog colony. The RSFs provide a fine-scale habitat assessment for ferrets that can be used to prioritize releases of ferrets and habitat restoration for prairie dogs and ferrets. A method to quickly inventory the distribution of prairie dog burrow openings would greatly facilitate application of the RSFs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0210","usgsCitation":"Eads, D., Jachowski, D.S., Biggins, D.E., Livieri, T., Matchett, M.R., and Millspaugh, J.J., 2012, Resource selection models are useful in predicting fine-scale distributions of black-footed ferrets in prairie dog colonies: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 206-215, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0210.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"215","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487964,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/10","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0210","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Conata Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0600,42.4800 ], [ -104.0600,45.9500 ], [ -96.4400,45.9500 ], [ -96.4400,42.4800 ], [ -104.0600,42.4800 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788ef7e4b0cfc2d59f5b27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A.","contributorId":70234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachowski, David S.","contributorId":82966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livieri, Travis M.","contributorId":16265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livieri","given":"Travis M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matchett, Marc R.","contributorId":35581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":22082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040255,"text":"70040255 - 2012 - Importance of lunar and temporal conditions for spotlight surveys of adult black-footed ferrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"70040255","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of lunar and temporal conditions for spotlight surveys of adult black-footed ferrets","docAbstract":"Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) spend most daylight hours underground in prairie dog (Cynomys) burrows and exhibit aboveground movements primarily at night. Moonlight can influence the activity patterns of ferrets and, consequently, might influence the efficiency of spotlight surveys used by biologists to monitor ferret populations. We related detection of adult ferrets during postbreeding spotlight surveys to lunar and temporal conditions. We most frequently located ferrets during surveys in which the moon breached the horizon. The data suggested intersexual differences in response to moonlight. We located male ferrets most frequently during nights with greater moon illumination, but we did not detect a correlation between moon illumination and spotlight detection of female ferrets. In general, moonlight could facilitate aboveground navigation by ferrets. However, it seems activity under bright moonlight could be costly for female ferrets while they raise young. Detection of ferrets also varied among months. We detected female ferrets most frequently in August–September, when mothers increase hunting efforts to acquire prey for growing offspring (kits). Detection of adult female ferrets declined in October, when kits were likely independent of their mother. We located male ferrets most frequently in September–October, when males might increase activity to monitor female ferrets and male competitors. Consideration of lunar and temporal influences and standardization of postbreeding surveys could enhance site-specific assessment of reintroduction success and across-site assessment of species recoveiy progress. We suggest that postbreeding surveys for ferrets should be enhanced by concentrating efforts in August–September during moonlit nights when the moon is above the horizon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0207","usgsCitation":"Eads, D., Jachowski, D.S., Millspaugh, J.J., and Biggins, D.E., 2012, Importance of lunar and temporal conditions for spotlight surveys of adult black-footed ferrets: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 179-190, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0207.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"190","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487971,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262517,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0207"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df156fe4b0dfbe79e69067","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A.","contributorId":70234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachowski, David S.","contributorId":82966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":22082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038500,"text":"70038500 - 2012 - Patterns of surface burrow plugging in a colony of black-tailed prairie dogs occupied by black-footed ferrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T13:31:38","indexId":"70038500","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of surface burrow plugging in a colony of black-tailed prairie dogs occupied by black-footed ferrets","docAbstract":"Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) can surface-plug openings to a burrow occupied by a black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). At a coarse scale, surface plugs are more common in colonies of prairie dogs occupied by ferrets than in colonies without ferrets. However, little is known about spatial and temporal patterns of surface plugging in a colony occupied by ferrets. In a 452-ha colony of black-tailed prairie dogs in South Dakota, we sampled burrow openings for surface plugs and related those data to locations of ferrets observed during spotlight surveys. Of 67,574 burrow openings in the colony between June and September 2007, 3.7% were plugged. In a colony-wide grid of 80 m × 80 m cells, the occurrence of surface plugging (≥1 opening plugged) was greater in cells used by ferrets (93.3% of cells) than in cells not observably used by ferrets (70.6%). Rates of surface plugging (percentages of openings plugged) were significantly higher in cells used by ferrets (median = 3.7%) than in cells without known ferret use (median = 3.2%). Also, numbers of ferret locations in cells correlated positively with numbers of mapped surface plugs in the cells. To investigate surface plugging at finer temporal and spatial scales, we compared rates of surface plugging in 20-m-radius circle-plots centered on ferret locations and in random plots 1–4 days after observing a ferret (Jun–Oct 2007 and 2008). Rates of surface plugging were greater in ferret-plots (median = 12.0%) than in random plots (median = 0%). For prairie dogs and their associates, the implications of surface plugging could be numerous. For instance, ferrets must dig to exit or enter plugged burrows (suggesting energetic costs), and surface plugs might influence microclimates in burrows and consequently influence species that cannot excavate soil (e.g., fleas that transmit the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis).
","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0206","usgsCitation":"Eads, D.E., and Biggins, D.E., 2012, Patterns of surface burrow plugging in a colony of black-tailed prairie dogs occupied by black-footed ferrets: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 172-178, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0206.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"178","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0600,42.4800 ], [ -104.0600,45.9500 ], [ -96.4400,45.9500 ], [ -96.4400,42.4800 ], [ -104.0600,42.4800 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e0f3c4e4b0fec3206f1bbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David E.","contributorId":40089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040254,"text":"70040254 - 2012 - Information on black-footed ferret biology collected within the framework of ferret conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"70040254","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Information on black-footed ferret biology collected within the framework of ferret conservation","docAbstract":"Once feared to be extinct, black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) were rediscovered near Meeteetse, Wyoming, in 1981, resulting in renewed conservation and research efforts for this highly endangered species. A need for information directly useful to recovery has motivated much monitoring of ferrets since that time, but field activities have enabled collection of data relevant to broader biological themes. This special feature is placed in a context of similar books and proceedings devoted to ferret biology and conservation. Articles include general observations on ferrets, modeling of potential impacts of ferrets on prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.), discussions on relationships of ferrets to prairie dog habitats at several spatial scales (from individual burrows to patches of burrow systems) and a general treatise on the status of black-footed ferret recovery.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0201","usgsCitation":"Biggins, D.E., 2012, Information on black-footed ferret biology collected within the framework of ferret conservation: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 129-133, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0201.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487994,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262514,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0201"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Meeteetse","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.8764,44.1467 ], [ -108.8764,44.1614 ], [ -108.8482,44.1614 ], [ -108.8482,44.1467 ], [ -108.8764,44.1467 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df2a51e4b0dfbe79e69cc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040239,"text":"sir20125177 - 2012 - Saturated thickness and water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 2009, and water-level changes and changes in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-25T13:14:53.744265","indexId":"sir20125177","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5177","title":"Saturated thickness and water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 2009, and water-level changes and changes in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer underlies about 112 million acres (about 175,000 square miles) in parts of eight States—Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Water levels declined in parts of the High Plains aquifer soon after the onset of substantial irrigation with groundwater (about 1950). This report presents the volume of saturated aquifer material and drainable water in storage in the High Plains aquifer in 2009; water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer from 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009; and changes in the volume of drainable water in storage in the aquifer from 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009. The volume data were calculated from raster files with a cell size of about 0.6 acres. The volume of water in storage in the High Plains aquifer in 2009 is estimated at about 3.0 billion acre-feet. Area-weighted, average water-level changes for the aquifer were declines of 2.0 feet from 1980 to 1995, 1.3 feet from 1995 to 2000, 2.8 feet from 2000 to 2005, and 1.0 foot from 2005 to 2009. Estimated changes in water in storage were declines of 36.0 million acre-feet from 1980 to 1995, 23.5 million acre-feet from 1995 to 2000, 46.7 million acre-feet from 2000 to 2005, and 18.3 million acre-feet from 2005 to 2009.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency","usgsCitation":"McGuire, V.L., Lund, K.D., and Densmore, B.K., 2012, Saturated thickness and water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 2009, and water-level changes and changes in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5177, Report: v, 28 p.; 6 Data Releases, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125177.","productDescription":"Report: v, 28 p.; 6 Data Releases","startPage":"i","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":483726,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L0DLVQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 1980 to 1995"},{"id":483727,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96WJ8R7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 1995 to 2000"},{"id":483728,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91B856T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 2000 to 2005"},{"id":483729,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90Q1CG1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 2005 to 2009"},{"id":262510,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5177.gif"},{"id":262503,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262506,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5177/sir12-5177.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":483724,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WMRZBN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Saturated thickness, High Plains aquifer, 2009"},{"id":483725,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XWB5JH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Specific yield, High Plains aquifer"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.3500,35.1900 ], [ -110.3500,49.4100 ], [ -99.3200,49.4100 ], [ -99.3200,35.1900 ], [ -110.3500,35.1900 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4b621e4b0e8fec6cde85c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Virginia L. 0000-0002-3962-4158 vlmcguir@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Virginia","email":"vlmcguir@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lund, Kris D. kdlund@usgs.gov","contributorId":1958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Kris","email":"kdlund@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Densmore, Brenda K. 0000-0003-2429-638X bdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-638X","contributorId":4896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Brenda","email":"bdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040243,"text":"ds552 - 2012 - Seafloor geology and benthic habitats, San Pedro Shelf, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"ds552","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"552","title":"Seafloor geology and benthic habitats, San Pedro Shelf, southern California","docAbstract":"Seafloor samples, videography, still photography, and real-time descriptions of geologic and biologic constituents at or near the seafloor of the San Pedro Shelf, southern California, advance the study of natural and man-made processes on this coastal area off the metropolitan Los Angeles area. Multibeam echo-sounder data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1998 and 1999 guided sampling and camera work in 2004 resulting in a new seafloor character map that shows possible benthic habitats in much higher resolution (4- and 16-m pixels) than previously available. The seafloor is characterized by primarily muddy sand and sand with outcrops of Miocene and Pliocene bedrock along the Palos Verdes Fault Zone. Observed benthic populations indicate low abiotic complexity, low biotic complexity, and low biotic coverage. The data are provided for use in geographic information systems (GIS).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds552","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County and the Orange County Sanitation District","usgsCitation":"Wong, F.L., Dartnell, P., Edwards, B.D., and Phillips, E., 2012, Seafloor geology and benthic habitats, San Pedro Shelf, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 552, Report: iv, 29 p.; Appendixes A-F, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds552.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 29 p.; Appendixes A-F","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_552.gif"},{"id":262500,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/552/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262501,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/552/ds552.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro Shelf","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.3667,33.7500 ], [ -118.3667,33.5167 ], [ -117.9167,33.5167 ], [ -117.9167,33.7500 ], [ -118.3667,33.7500 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4b842e4b0e8fec6cded1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Eleyne L.","contributorId":104289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Eleyne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040244,"text":"sim3177 - 2012 - Geologic map of the north polar region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-16T18:53:06.432986","indexId":"sim3177","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3177","title":"Geologic map of the north polar region of Mars","docAbstract":"The north polar region of Mars occurs within the central and lowest part of the vast northern plains of Mars and is dominated by the roughly circular north polar plateau, Planum Boreum. The northern plains formed very early in Martian time and have collected volcanic flows and sedimentary materials shed from highland sources. Planum Boreum has resulted from the accumulation of water ice and dust particles. Extensive, uncratered dune fields adjacent to Planum Boreum attest to the active and recent transport and accumulation of sand. Our geologic map of Planum Boreum is the first to record its entire observable stratigraphic record using the various post-Viking image and topography datasets released before 2009. We also provide much more detail in the map than previously published, including some substantial revisions based on new data and observations. The available data have increased and improved immensely in quantity, resolution, coverage, positional accuracy, and spectral range, enabling us to resolve previously unrecognized geomorphic features, stratigraphic relations, and compositional information. We also employ more carefully prescribed and effective mapping methodologies and digital techniques, as well as formatting guidelines. The foremost aspect to our mapping approach is how geologic units are discriminated based primarily on their temporal relations with other units as expressed in unit contacts by unconformities or by gradational relations. Whereas timing constraints of such activity in the north polar region are now better defined stratigraphically, they remain poorly constrained chronologically. The end result is a new reconstruction of the sedimentary, erosional, and structural histories of the north polar region and how they may have been driven by climate conditions, available geologic materials, and eolian, periglacial, impact, magmatic, hydrologic, and tectonic activity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3177","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., and Fortezzo, C.M., 2012, Geologic map of the north polar region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3177, Pamphlet: i, 11 p.; 1 Sheet: 60 x 44 inches; Readme File; Metadata Folder; GIS Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3177.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: i, 11 p.; 1 Sheet: 60 x 44 inches; Readme File; Metadata Folder; GIS Database","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414294,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92HAU5N","text":"Interactive map","linkHelpText":"- Web App: SIM 3177 Geologic Map of the North Polar Region of Mars, 1:2M. Tanaka and Fortezzo (2012)"},{"id":262511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3177.jpg"},{"id":262505,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3177/sim3177_sheet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262504,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3177/sim3177_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Polar Stereographic projection","otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dde219e4b0e31bb0285c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fortezzo, Corey M. 0000-0001-8188-5530 cfortezzo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-5530","contributorId":25383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortezzo","given":"Corey","email":"cfortezzo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":130,"text":"Astrogeology Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040217,"text":"ofr20121199 - 2012 - Hydrological information products for the Off-Project Water Program of the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T10:59:41","indexId":"ofr20121199","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1199","title":"Hydrological information products for the Off-Project Water Program of the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement","docAbstract":"The Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement (KBRA) was developed by a diverse group of stakeholders, Federal and State resource management agencies, Tribal representatives, and interest groups to provide a comprehensive solution to ecological and water-supply issues in the Klamath Basin. The Off-Project Water Program (OPWP), one component of the KBRA, has as one of its purposes to permanently provide an additional 30,000 acre-feet of water per year on an average annual basis to Upper Klamath Lake through \"voluntary retirement of water rights or water uses or other means as agreed to by the Klamath Tribes, to improve fisheries habitat and also provide for stability of irrigation water deliveries.\" The geographic area where the water rights could be retired encompasses approximately 1,900 square miles. The OPWP area is defined as including the Sprague River drainage, the Sycan River drainage downstream of Sycan Marsh, the Wood River drainage, and the Williamson River drainage from Kirk Reef at the southern end of Klamath Marsh downstream to the confluence with the Sprague River. Extensive, broad, flat, poorly drained uplands, valleys, and wetlands characterize much of the study area. Irrigation is almost entirely used for pasture. To assist parties involved with decisionmaking and implementation of the OPWP, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Klamath Tribes and other stakeholders, created five hydrological information products. These products include GIS digital maps and datasets containing spatial information on evapotranspiration, subirrigation indicators, water rights, subbasin streamflow statistics, and return-flow indicators. The evapotranspiration (ET) datasets were created under contract for this study by Evapotranspiration, Plus, LLC, of Twin Falls, Idaho. A high-resolution remote sensing technique known as Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution and Internalized Calibration (METRIC) was used to create estimates of the spatial distribution of ET. The METRIC technique uses thermal infrared Landsat imagery to quantify actual evapotranspiration at a 30-meter resolution that can be related to individual irrigated fields. Because evaporation uses heat energy, ground surfaces with large ET rates are left cooler as a result of ET than ground surfaces that have less ET. As a consequence, irrigated fields appear in the Landsat images as cooler than nonirrigated fields. Products produced from this study include total seasonal and total monthly (April-October) actual evapotranspiration maps for 2004 (a dry year) and 2006 (a wet year). Maps showing indicators of natural subirrigation were also provided by this study. \"Subirrigation\" as used here is the evapotranspiration of shallow groundwater by plants with roots that penetrate to or near the water table. Subirrigation often occurs at locations where the water table is at or above the plant rooting depth. Natural consumptive use by plants diminishes the benefit of retiring water rights in subirrigated areas. Some agricultural production may be possible, however, on subirrigated lands for which water rights are retired. Because of the difficulty in precisely mapping and quantifying subirrigation, this study presents several sources of spatially mapped data that can be used as indicators of higher subirrigation probability. These include the floodplain boundaries defined by stream geomorphology, water-table depth defined in Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) soil surveys, and soil rooting depth defined in NRCS soil surveys. The two water-rights mapping products created in the study were \"points of diversion\" (POD) and \"place of use\" (POU) for surface-water irrigation rights. To create these maps, all surface-water rights data, decrees, certificates, permits, and unadjudicated claims within the entire 1,900 square mile study area were aggregated into a common GIS geodatabase. Surface-water irrigation rights within a 5-mile buffer of the study area were then selected and identified. The POU area was then totaled by water right for primary and supplemental water rights. The maximum annual volume (acre-feet) allowed under each water right also was calculated using the POU area and duty (allowable annual irrigation application in feet). In cases where a water right has more than one designated POD, the total volume for the water right was equally distributed to each POD listed for the water right. Because of this, mapped distribution of diversion rates for some rights may differ from actual practice. Water-right information in the map products was from digital datasets obtained from the Oregon Water Resources Department and was, at the time acquired, the best available compilation of water-right information available. Because the completeness and accuracy of the water-right data could not be verified, users are encouraged to check directly with the Oregon Water Resources Department where specific information on individual rights or locations is essential. A dataset containing streamflow statistics for 72 subbasins in the study area was created for the study area. The statistics include annual flow durations (5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 95-percent exceedances) and 7-day, 10-year (7Q10) and 7-day, 2-year (7Q2) low flows, and were computed using regional regression equations based on measured streamflow records in the region. Daily streamflow records used were adjusted as needed for crop consumptive use; therefore the statistics represent streamflow under more natural conditions as though irrigation diversions did not exist. Statistics are provided for flow rates resulting from streamflow originating from within the entire drainage area upstream of the subbasin pour point (referring to the outlet of the contributing drainage basin). The statistics were computed for the purpose of providing decision makers with the ability to estimate streamflow that would be expected after water conservation techniques have been implemented or a water right has been retired. A final product from the study are datasets of indicators of the potential for subsurface return flow of irrigation water from agricultural areas to nearby streams. The datasets contain information on factors such as proximity to surface-water features, geomorphic floodplain characteristics, and depth to water. The digital data, metadata, and example illustrations for the datasets described in this report are available on-line from the USGS Water Resources National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) Node Website http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getgislist or from the U.S. Government website DATA.gov at http://www.data.gov with links provided in a Microsoft® Excel® workbook in appendix A.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Klamath Tribes and in collaboration with Klamath Basin Rangeland Trust, Klamath Watershed Partnership, Sustainable Northwest, The Nature Conservancy, Upper Klamath Water Users Association, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., Risley, J.C., and Haynes, J.V., 2012, Hydrological information products for the Off-Project Water Program of the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1199, iv; 20 p.; Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121199.","productDescription":"iv; 20 p.; Appendix A","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1199.jpg"},{"id":262417,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262418,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1199/pdf/ofr20121199.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":273905,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_distance_to_gaining_streams_and_lakes.xml"},{"id":273906,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_distance_to_perennial_streams_and_lakes.xml"},{"id":273913,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_subbasin_analysis_pour_points_v3.xml"},{"id":273914,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_subbasin_analysis_v3.xml"},{"id":273915,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_water_rights_pod_20110909.xml"},{"id":273916,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_water_rights_pou_20110909.xml"},{"id":273911,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_sprague_river_oregon_geomorphology_return_flow.xml"},{"id":273912,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_sprague_river_oregon_geomorphology_subirrigation.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.33333333333333,42.166666666666664 ], [ -122.33333333333333,43.416666666666664 ], [ -120.5,43.416666666666664 ], [ -120.5,42.166666666666664 ], [ -122.33333333333333,42.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50defea8e4b0dfbe79e682c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haynes, Jonathan V. 0000-0001-6530-6252 jhaynes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6530-6252","contributorId":3113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynes","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhaynes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040225,"text":"ds700 - 2012 - Data resources for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) Integrated Assessment (IA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-08T12:58:23","indexId":"ds700","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"700","title":"Data resources for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) Integrated Assessment (IA)","docAbstract":"The data contained in this report were compiled, modified, and analyzed for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) Integrated Assessment (IA). The WLCI is a long-term science based effort to assess and enhance aquatic and terrestrial habitats at a landscape scale in southwest Wyoming while facilitating responsible energy development through local collaboration and partnerships. The IA is an integrated synthesis and analysis of WLCI resource values based on best available data and information collected from multiple agencies and organizations. It is a support tool for landscape-scale conservation planning and evaluation, and a data and analysis resource that can be used for addressing specific management questions. The IA analysis was conducted using a Geographic Information System in a raster (that is, a grid) environment using a cell size of 30 meters. To facilitate the interpretation of the data in a regional context, mean values were summarized and displayed at the subwatershed unit (WLCI subwatersheds were subset from the National Hydrography Dataset, Hydrologic Unit Code 12/Level 6). A dynamic mapping platform, accessed via the WLCI webpage at http://www.wlci.gov is used to display the mapped information, and to access underlying resource values that were combined to produce the final mapped results. The raster data used in the IA are provided here for use by interested parties to conduct additional analyses and can be accessed via the WLCI webpage. This series contains 74 spatial data sets: WLCI subwatersheds (vector) and 73 geotiffs (raster) that are segregated into the major categories of Multicriteria Index (including Resource Index and Condition), Change Agents, and Future Change. The Total Multicriteria Index is composed of the Aquatic Multicriteria Index and the Terrestrial Multicriteria Index. The Aquatic Multicriteria Index is composed of the Aquatic Resource Index and the Aquatic Condition. The Aquatic Resource Index is composed of the following components: Groundwater, Special Management Areas, and Priority Areas. The Aquatic Condition is composed of the following components: Focal Species, Species of Concern, Focal Ecosystems, and Proper Functioning Condition. The Terrestrial Multicriteria Index is composed of the Terrestrial Resource Index and the Terrestrial Condition. The Terrestrial Resource Index is composed of the following components: Special Management Areas, Agriculture, and Priority Areas. The Terrestrial Condition is composed of the following components: Focal Species, Big Game, Species of Concern, Rare Plants, and Focal Ecosystems. The Change Agents are composed the following components: Roads, Energy, Mines, and Urban. The Future Change is composed of the following components: Oil-Gas-Coal, Wind, Minerals, Climate-Temperature, Invasive Species, and Urban.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds700","usgsCitation":"Assal, T.J., Garman, S.L., Bowen, Z.H., Anderson, P.J., Manier, D.J., and McDougal, R., 2012, Data resources for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) Integrated Assessment (IA): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 700, Download Data: 1 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds700.","productDescription":"Download Data: 1 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262483,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/700/","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262485,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/700/downloads/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262484,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/700/downloads/DS700_links_for_webpage.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_700.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0569,41.0000 ], [ -111.0569,45.0000 ], [ -104.0500,45.0000 ], [ -104.0500,41.0000 ], [ -111.0569,41.0000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d9ef1fe4b07a5aecdefbe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garman, Steven L. 0000-0002-9032-9074 slgarman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9074","contributorId":3741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garman","given":"Steven","email":"slgarman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick J. 0000-0003-2281-389X andersonpj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-389X","contributorId":3590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","email":"andersonpj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Manier, Daniel J. 0000-0002-1105-1327 manierd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-1327","contributorId":4589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manier","given":"Daniel","email":"manierd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McDougal, Robert R.","contributorId":53418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040108,"text":"70040108 - 2012 - A simple method for estimating basin-scale groundwater discharge by vegetation in the basin and range province of Arizona using remote sensing information and geographic information systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-08T17:16:12","indexId":"70040108","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple method for estimating basin-scale groundwater discharge by vegetation in the basin and range province of Arizona using remote sensing information and geographic information systems","docAbstract":"Groundwater is a vital water resource in the arid to semi-arid southwestern United States. Accurate accounting of inflows to and outflows from the groundwater system is necessary to effectively manage this shared resource, including the important outflow component of groundwater discharge by vegetation. A simple method for estimating basin-scale groundwater discharge by vegetation is presented that uses remote sensing data from satellites, geographic information systems (GIS) land cover and stream location information, and a regression equation developed within the Southern Arizona study area relating the Enhanced Vegetation Index from the MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite to measured evapotranspiration. Results computed for 16-day composited satellite passes over the study area during the 2000 through 2007 time period demonstrate a sinusoidal pattern of annual groundwater discharge by vegetation with median values ranging from around 0.3 mm per day in the cooler winter months to around 1.5 mm per day during summer. Maximum estimated annual volume of groundwater discharge by vegetation was between 1.4 and 1.9 billion m3 per year with an annual average of 1.6 billion m3. A simplified accounting of the contribution of precipitation to vegetation greenness was developed whereby monthly precipitation data were subtracted from computed vegetation discharge values, resulting in estimates of minimum groundwater discharge by vegetation. Basin-scale estimates of minimum and maximum groundwater discharge by vegetation produced by this simple method are useful bounding values for groundwater budgets and groundwater flow models, and the method may be applicable to other areas with similar vegetation types.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.02.010","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F., Callegary, J., Nagler, P., and Glenn, E.P., 2012, A simple method for estimating basin-scale groundwater discharge by vegetation in the basin and range province of Arizona using remote sensing information and geographic information systems: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 82, p. 44-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.02.010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262459,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.02.010"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50744f6ee4b090654e7b2637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillman, F.D.","contributorId":24620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Callegary, J.B.","contributorId":71769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callegary","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039109,"text":"70039109 - 2012 - Long-term demographic consequences of habitat fragmentation to a tropical understory bird community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T18:10:37","indexId":"70039109","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term demographic consequences of habitat fragmentation to a tropical understory bird community","docAbstract":"Tropical deforestation continues to cause population declines and local extinctions in centers of avian diversity and endemism. Although local species extinctions stem from reductions in demographic rates, little is known about how habitat fragmentation influences survival of tropical bird populations or the relative importance of survival and fecundity in ultimately shaping communities. We analyzed 22 years of mark-recapture data to assess how fragmentation influenced apparent survival, recruitment, and realized population growth rate within 22 forest understory bird species in the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. This represents the first such effort, in either tropical or temperate systems, to characterize the effect of deforestation on avian survival across such a broad suite of species. Long-term demographic analysis of this suite of species experiencing the same fragmented environment revealed considerable variability in species' responses to fragmentation, in addition to general patterns that emerged from comparison among species. Across the understory bird community as a whole, we found significantly lower apparent survival and realized population growth rate in small fragments relative to large, demonstrating fragmentation effects to demographic rates long after habitat loss. Demographic rates were depressed across five feeding guilds, suggesting that fragmentation sensitivity was not limited to insectivores. Seniority analyses, together with a positive effect of fragmentation on recruitment, indicated that depressed apparent survival was the primary driver of population declines and observed extinctions. We also found a landscape effect, with lower vital rates in one mountain range relative to another, suggesting that fragmentation effects may add to other large-scale drivers of population decline. Overall, realized population growth rate (λ) estimates were < 1 for most species, suggesting that future population persistence even within large forest fragments is uncertain in this biodiversity hotspot.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/11-1345.1","usgsCitation":"Korfanta, N., Newmark, W., and Kauffman, M.J., 2012, Long-term demographic consequences of habitat fragmentation to a tropical understory bird community: Ecology, v. 93, no. 12, p. 2548-2559, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1345.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2548","endPage":"2559","costCenters":[{"id":683,"text":"Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-1345.1"}],"country":"Tanzania","otherGeospatial":"Usambara Mountains","volume":"93","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df9f0de4b0dfbe79e6dff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Korfanta, N.M.","contributorId":105579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korfanta","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newmark, W.D.","contributorId":100644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newmark","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, M. J.","contributorId":44262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040355,"text":"70040355 - 2012 - Nitrogen limitation, 15N tracer retention, and growth response in intact and Bromus tectorum-invaded Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T11:51:22","indexId":"70040355","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen limitation, 15N tracer retention, and growth response in intact and Bromus tectorum-invaded Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis communities","docAbstract":"Annual grass invasion into shrub-dominated ecosystems is associated with changes in nutrient cycling that may alter nitrogen (N) limitation and retention. Carbon (C) applications that reduce plant-available N have been suggested to give native perennial vegetation a competitive advantage over exotic annual grasses, but plant community and N retention responses to C addition remain poorly understood in these ecosystems. The main objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the degree of N limitation of plant biomass in intact versus B. tectorum-invaded sagebrush communities, (2) determine if plant N limitation patterns are reflected in the strength of tracer 15N retention over two growing seasons, and (3) assess if the strength of plant N limitation predicts the efficacy of carbon additions intended to reduce soil N availability and plant growth. Labile C additions reduced biomass of exotic annual species; however, growth of native A. tridentata shrubs also declined. Exotic annual and native perennial plant communities had divergent responses to added N, with B. tectorum displaying greater ability to use added N to rapidly increase aboveground biomass, and native perennials increasing their tissue N concentration but showing little growth response. Few differences in N pools between the annual and native communities were detected. In contrast to expectations, however, more 15N was retained over two growing seasons in the invaded annual grass than in the native shrub community. Our data suggest that N cycling in converted exotic annual grasslands of the northern Intermountain West, USA, may retain N more strongly than previously thought.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00442-012-2442-5","usgsCitation":"Witwicki, D.L., Doescher, P.S., Pyke, D.A., DeCrappeo, N.M., and Perakis, S., 2012, Nitrogen limitation, 15N tracer retention, and growth response in intact and Bromus tectorum-invaded Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis communities: Oecologia, v. 171, no. 4, p. 1013-1023, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2442-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1013","endPage":"1023","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2442-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;California;Colorado;Idaho;Nevada;Oregon;Utah;Washington;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Intermountain West","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.830000,31.300000 ], [ -124.830000,49.000000 ], [ -108.000000,49.000000 ], [ -108.000000,31.300000 ], [ -124.830000,31.300000 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"171","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e0a630e4b0fec3206ef169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witwicki, Dana L.","contributorId":72473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witwicki","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doescher, Paul S.","contributorId":11867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doescher","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeCrappeo, Nicole M.","contributorId":92383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCrappeo","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":16797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003871,"text":"70003871 - 2012 - Black-footed ferrets and recreational shooting influence the attributes of black-tailed prairie dog burrows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-06T17:16:14","indexId":"70003871","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Black-footed ferrets and recreational shooting influence the attributes of black-tailed prairie dog burrows","docAbstract":"Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) plug burrows occupied by black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes), and they also plug burrows to entomb dead prairie dogs. We further evaluated these phenomena by sampling connectivity and plugging of burrow openings on prairie dog colonies occupied by ferrets, colonies where recreational shooting was allowed, and colonies with neither shooting nor ferrets. We counted burrow openings on line surveys and within plots, classified surface plugging, and used an air blower to examine subsurface connectivity. Colonies with ferrets had lower densities of openings, fewer connected openings (suggesting increased subsurface plugging), and more surface plugs compared to colonies with no known ferrets. Colonies with recreational shooting had the lowest densities of burrow openings, and line-survey data suggested colonies with shooting had intermediate rates of surface plugging. The extent of surface and subsurface plugging could have consequences for the prairie dog community by changing air circulation and escape routes of burrow systems and by altering energetic relationships. Burrow plugging might reduce prairie dogs' risk of predation by ferrets while increasing risk of predation by American badgers (Taxidea taxus); however, the complexity of the trade-off is increased if plugging increases the risk of predation on ferrets by badgers. Prairie dogs expend more energy plugging and digging when ferrets or shooting are present, and ferrets increase their energy expenditures when they dig to remove those plugs. Microclimatic differences in plugged burrow systems may play a role in flea ecology and persistence of the flea-borne bacterium that causes plague (Yersinia pestis).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0205","usgsCitation":"Biggins, D.E., Ramakrishnan, S., Goldberg, A.R., and Eads, D., 2012, Black-footed ferrets and recreational shooting influence the attributes of black-tailed prairie dog burrows: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 158-171, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0205.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"171","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488006,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262424,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0205"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d8a7c2e4b0af4069e41d8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramakrishnan, Shantini","contributorId":82965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramakrishnan","given":"Shantini","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldberg, Amanda R.","contributorId":62067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eads, David A.","contributorId":70234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040202,"text":"70040202 - 2012 - Tracking climate impacts on the migratory monarch butterfly","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-05T17:16:22","indexId":"70040202","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking climate impacts on the migratory monarch butterfly","docAbstract":"Understanding the impacts of climate on migratory species is complicated by the fact that these species travel through several climates that may be changing in diverse ways throughout their complete migratory cycle. Most studies are not designed to tease out the direct and indirect effects of climate at various stages along the migration route. We assess the impacts of spring and summer climate conditions on breeding monarch butterflies, a species that completes its annual migration cycle over several generations. No single, broad-scale climate metric can explain summer breeding phenology or the substantial year-to-year fluctuations observed in population abundances. As such, we built a Poisson regression model to help explain annual arrival times and abundances in the Midwestern United States. We incorporated the climate conditions experienced both during a spring migration/breeding phase in Texas as well as during subsequent arrival and breeding during the main recruitment period in Ohio. Using data from a state-wide butterfly monitoring network in Ohio, our results suggest that climate acts in conflicting ways during the spring and summer seasons. High spring precipitation in Texas is associated with the largest annual population growth in Ohio and the earliest arrival to the summer breeding ground, as are intermediate spring temperatures in Texas. On the other hand, the timing of monarch arrivals to the summer breeding grounds is not affected by climate conditions within Ohio. Once in Ohio for summer breeding, precipitation has minimal impacts on overall abundances, whereas warmer summer temperatures are generally associated with the highest expected abundances, yet this effect is mitigated by the average seasonal temperature of each location in that the warmest sites receive no benefit of above average summer temperatures. Our results highlight the complex relationship between climate and performance for a migrating species and suggest that attempts to understand how monarchs will be affected by future climate conditions will be challenging.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02751.x","usgsCitation":"Zipkin, E., Ries, L., Reeves, R., Regetz, J., and Oberhauser, K.S., 2012, Tracking climate impacts on the migratory monarch butterfly: Global Change Biology, v. 18, no. 10, p. 3039-3049, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02751.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3039","endPage":"3049","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474326,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=monarch_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262402,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02751.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"18","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e554cfe4b0a4aa5bb0245d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F.","contributorId":70528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ries, Leslie","contributorId":50034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, Rick","contributorId":60492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regetz, James","contributorId":20596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regetz","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oberhauser, Karen S.","contributorId":27737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberhauser","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70040210,"text":"ofr20121203 - 2012 - Biotic, water-quality, and hydrologic metrics calculated for the analysis of temporal trends in National Water Quality Assessment Program Data in the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T10:33:37","indexId":"ofr20121203","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1203","title":"Biotic, water-quality, and hydrologic metrics calculated for the analysis of temporal trends in National Water Quality Assessment Program Data in the Western United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program was established by Congress in 1991 to collect long-term, nationally consistent information on the quality of the Nation's streams and groundwater. The NAWQA Program utilizes interdisciplinary and dynamic studies that link the chemical and physical conditions of streams (such as flow and habitat) with ecosystem health and the biologic condition of algae, aquatic invertebrates, and fish communities. This report presents metrics derived from NAWQA data and the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network for sampling sites in the Western United States, as well as associated chemical, habitat, and streamflow properties. The metrics characterize the conditions of algae, aquatic invertebrates, and fish. In addition, we have compiled climate records and basin characteristics related to the NAWQA sampling sites. 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