We describe a low-cost application of digital photogrammetry using commercially available photogrammetric software and oblique photographs taken with an off-the-shelf digital camera to create sequential digital elevation models (DEMs) of a lava dome that grew during the 2004–2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens (MSH) volcano. Renewed activity at MSH provided an opportunity to devise and test this method, because it could be validated against other observations of this well-monitored volcano. The datasets consist of oblique aerial photographs (snapshots) taken from a helicopter using a digital single-lens reflex camera. Twelve sets of overlapping digital images of the dome taken during 2004–2007 were used to produce DEMs and to calculate lava dome volumes and extrusion rates. Analyses of the digital images were carried out using photogrammetric software to produce three-dimensional coordinates of points identified in multiple photos. The evolving morphology of the dome was modeled by comparing successive DEMs. Results were validated by comparison to volume measurements derived from traditional vertical photogrammetric surveys by the US Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory. Our technique was significantly less expensive and required less time than traditional vertical photogrammetric techniques; yet, it consistently yielded volume estimates within 5% of the traditional method. This technique provides an inexpensive, rapid assessment tool for tracking lava dome growth or other topographic changes at restless volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00445-011-0548-y","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, A., Crider, J.G., Schilling, S.P., and Dzurisin, D., 2012, Rapid, low-cost photogrammetry to monitor volcanic eruptions: An example from Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 74, no. 2, p. 579-587, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0548-y.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"587","ipdsId":"IP-029276","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.22993850708006,\n 46.166754488708506\n ],\n [\n -122.14702606201172,\n 46.166754488708506\n ],\n [\n -122.14702606201172,\n 46.231034280827245\n ],\n [\n -122.22993850708006,\n 46.231034280827245\n ],\n [\n -122.22993850708006,\n 46.166754488708506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85622e4b03bc63bd679b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Angela K. 0000-0003-0214-7818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-7818","contributorId":36650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Angela K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crider, Juliet G.","contributorId":78580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crider","given":"Juliet","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70041742,"text":"sir20125260 - 2012 - Water-level altitudes and continuous and discrete water quality at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, June 2004-September 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T16:24:25","indexId":"sir20125260","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5260","title":"Water-level altitudes and continuous and discrete water quality at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, June 2004-September 2011","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System (SAWS), collected data during 2004–11 to characterize the quality of native groundwater from the San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer (hereinafter, Edwards aquifer) and preinjection and postinjection water from the Carrizo aquifer (informal name commonly applied to the upper part of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in the area) at and near an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site in Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas. Daily mean water-level altitude, water temperature, and specific conductance were measured continuously in a monitoring well on the ASR site to determine how injection and withdrawal at the ASR site might affect local groundwater. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for selected physical properties and constituents to characterize the quality of native groundwater from the Edwards aquifer and preinjection and postinjection water from the Carrizo aquifer near the ASR site to provide a better understanding of possible changes in the quality of groundwater near an active ASR site that might result from the mixing of water from different aquifers. During injection periods, the water-level altitude in the monitoring well generally increased as the amount of water being injected into all wells at the ASR site increased and decreased as the amount of water being injected into all wells at the ASR site decreased. During withdrawal periods, the water-level altitude in the monitoring well generally increased as the total volume of water being withdrawn from all wells at the ASR site decreased and generally decreased as the total volume of water being withdrawn from all wells increased. Daily mean water temperature fluctuated by less than 1 degree Celsius and was determined to be independent of injection or withdrawal conditions at the ASR site. Changes in daily mean specific-conductance values measured at four depths in the monitoring well at the ASR site occurred without regard to total ASR site injection or withdrawal volumes. No substantial differences were measured over time in major-ion, trace-element, or isotope chemistry of water samples collected from the wells that supplied water from the Edwards aquifer. Little variation in water chemistry was detected in the samples collected from four wells designed to inject and withdraw water at the ASR site, regardless of whether the ASR site was injecting or withdrawing water. The similarity of major-ion and isotope chemistry between the Edwards aquifer source wells and the four ASR wells indicates that little, if any, migration of injected water away from the ASR wells has occurred. In a well located closest to the ASR site in the direction of regional flow for the Carrizo aquifer, a greater alkalinity value and a smaller concentration of chloride were measured in the most recent sample than in all other samples collected at this well. Substantial increases in dissolved iron and manganese concentrations also were observed in this well. The increased alkalinity value and dissolved iron and manganese concentrations and the decreased chloride concentration in the well could indicate that the injected water from the Edwards aquifer had begun to move into at least a part of the strata supplying these wells and might be causing iron and manganese mobilization in the Carrizo aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125260","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Crow, C.L., 2012, Water-level altitudes and continuous and discrete water quality at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, June 2004-September 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5260, vii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125260.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"98","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-06-01","temporalEnd":"2011-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-041166","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5260.gif"},{"id":263954,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5260/"},{"id":263955,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5260/pdf/sir2012-5260.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Atascosa County, Bexar County, Wilson County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.51,25.84 ], [ -93.51,36.5 ], [ -106.65,36.5 ], [ -106.65,25.84 ], [ -93.51,25.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85642e4b03bc63bd679ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crow, Cassi L. 0000-0002-1279-2485 ccrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-2485","contributorId":1666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","email":"ccrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70041736,"text":"70041736 - 2012 - Bioenergy potential of the United States constrained by satellite observations of existing productivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-11T20:46:43","indexId":"70041736","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioenergy potential of the United States constrained by satellite observations of existing productivity","docAbstract":"United States (U.S.) energy policy includes an expectation that bioenergy will be a substantial future energy source. In particular, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) aims to increase annual U.S. biofuel (secondary bioenergy) production by more than 3-fold, from 40 to 136 billion liters ethanol, which implies an even larger increase in biomass demand (primary energy), from roughly 2.9 to 7.4 EJ yr–1. However, our understanding of many of the factors used to establish such energy targets is far from complete, introducing significgant uncertainty into the feasibility of current estimates of bioenergy potential. Here, we utilized satellite-derived net primary productivity (NPP) data—measured for every 1 km2 of the 7.2 million km2 of vegetated land in the conterminous U.S.—to estimate primary bioenergy potential (PBP). Our results indicate that PBP of the conterminous U.S. ranges from roughly 5.9 to 22.2 EJ yr–1, depending on land use. The low end of this range represents the potential when harvesting residues only, while the high end would require an annual biomass harvest over an area more than three times current U.S. agricultural extent. While EISA energy targets are theoretically achievable, we show that meeting these targets utilizing current technology would require either an 80% displacement of current crop harvest or the conversion of 60% of rangeland productivity. Accordingly, realistically constrained estimates of bioenergy potential are critical for effective incorporation of bioenergy into the national energy portfolio.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es203935d","usgsCitation":"Smith, W., Cleveland, C.C., Reed, S.C., Miller, N., and Running, S.W., 2012, Bioenergy potential of the United States constrained by satellite observations of existing productivity: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 6, p. 3536-3544, https://doi.org/10.1021/es203935d.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3536","endPage":"3544","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-034254","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263957,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es203935d"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -172.5,18.9 ], [ -172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ -172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c855eae4b03bc63bd6798a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, W. Kolby","contributorId":9933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"W. Kolby","affiliations":[{"id":7089,"text":"University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cleveland, Cory C.","contributorId":10264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Norman L.","contributorId":87830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Norman L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Running, Steven W. 0000-0001-6906-3841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-3841","contributorId":53258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Running","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7089,"text":"University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041730,"text":"sir20125238 - 2012 - Characterization of the hydrologic resources of San Miguel County, New Mexico, and identification of hydrologic data gaps, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-11T14:46:08","indexId":"sir20125238","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5238","title":"Characterization of the hydrologic resources of San Miguel County, New Mexico, and identification of hydrologic data gaps, 2011","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with San Miguel County, New Mexico, conducted a study to assess publicly available information regarding the hydrologic resources of San Miguel County and to identify data gaps in that information and hydrologic information that could aid in the management of available water resources. The USGS operates four continuous annual streamgages in San Miguel County. Monthly discharge at these streamgages is generally bimodally distributed, with most runoff corresponding to spring runoff and to summer monsoonal rains. Data compiled since 1951 on the geology and groundwater resources of San Miguel County are generally consistent with the original characterization of depth and availability of groundwater resources and of source aquifers. Subsequent exploratory drilling identified deep available groundwater in some locations. Most current (2011) development of groundwater resources is in western San Miguel County, particularly in the vicinity of El Creston hogback, the hogback ridge just west of Las Vegas, where USGS groundwater-monitoring wells indicate that groundwater levels are declining. \n\nRegarding future studies to address identified data gaps, the ability to evaluate and quantify surface-water resources, both as runoff and as potential groundwater recharge, could be enhanced by expanding the network of streamgages and groundwater-monitoring wells throughout the county. A series of seepage surveys along the lengths of the rivers could help to determine locations of surface-water losses to and gains from the local groundwater system and could help to quantify the component of streamflow attributable to irrigation return flow; associated synoptic water-quality sampling could help to identify potential effects to water quality attributable to irrigation return flow. Effects of groundwater withdrawals on streamflow could be assessed by constructing monitoring wells along transects between production wells and stream reaches of interest to monitor decline or recovery of the water table, to quantify the timing and extent of water-table response, and to identify the spatial extent of capture zones. Assessment of groundwater potential could be aided by a county-wide distribution of water-level information and by a series of maps of groundwater potential, compiled for each individual aquifer, including saline aquifers, for which the potential for municipal use through desalination could be explored. A county-wide geographic information system hydrologic geodatabase could provide a comprehensive picture of water use in San Miguel County and could be used by San Miguel County as a decision-support tool for future management decisions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125238","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with San Miguel County, New Mexico","usgsCitation":"Matherne, A.M., and Stewart, A.M., 2012, Characterization of the hydrologic resources of San Miguel County, New Mexico, and identification of hydrologic data gaps, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5238, Report: viii, 44 p.; XLSX Table 5, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125238.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 44 p.; XLSX Table 5","numberOfPages":"56","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263943,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5238/sir2012-5238.pdf"},{"id":263944,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5238/sir2012-5238_table5.xlsx"},{"id":263945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5238.gif"},{"id":263942,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5238/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"San Miguel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.7222,35.0416 ], [ -105.7222,35.871 ], [ -103.637,35.871 ], [ -103.637,35.0416 ], [ -105.7222,35.0416 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c855fce4b03bc63bd67992","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matherne, Anne Marie 0000-0002-5873-2226 matherne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-2226","contributorId":303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matherne","given":"Anne","email":"matherne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Anne M. astewart@usgs.gov","contributorId":3938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Anne","email":"astewart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041723,"text":"sir20115118 - 2012 - Low-flow characteristics of streams under natural and diversion conditions, Waipiʻo Valley, Island of Hawaiʻi, Hawaiʻi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-11T14:34:07","indexId":"sir20115118","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5118","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams under natural and diversion conditions, Waipiʻo Valley, Island of Hawaiʻi, Hawaiʻi","docAbstract":"Over the past 100 years, natural streamflow in Waipiʻo Valley has been reduced by the transfer of water out of the valley by Upper and Lower Hāmākua Ditches. The physical condition and diversion practices along the two ditch systems have varied widely over the years, and as a result, so have their effects on natural streamflow in Waipiʻo Valley. Recent renovation and improvements to Lower Hāmākua Ditch system, along with proposals for its future operation and water-diversion strategies, have unknown implications. The purpose of this report is to quantify the availability of streamflow and to determine the effects of current and proposed diversion strategies on the low-flow hydrology in Waipiʻo Valley. In this report, the low-flow hydrology of Waipiʻo Valley is described in terms of flow-duration statistics. Flow-duration statistics were computed for three locations in the Waipiʻo Valley study area where long-term surface-water gaging stations have been operated. Using a variety of streamflow record-extension techniques, flow-duration statistics were estimated at an additional 13 locations where only few historical data are available or where discharge measurements were made as part of this study. Flow-duration statistics were computed to reflect natural conditions, current (2000-2005) diversion conditions, and proposed future diversion conditions at the 16 locations. At the downstream limit of the study area, on Wailoa Stream at an altitude of 190 feet, a baseline for evaluating the availability of streamflow is provided by computed flow-duration statistics that are representative of natural, no-diversion conditions. At the Wailoa gaging station, 95- and 50-percentile discharges under natural conditions were determined to be 86 and 112 cubic feet per second, respectively. Under 1965-1969 diversion conditions, natural 95- and 50-percentile discharges were reduced by 52 and 53 percent, to 41 and 53 cubic feet per second, respectively. Under current (2000-2005) diversion conditions, natural 95- and 50-percentile discharges were reduced by 21 and 24 percent, to 68 and 85 cubic feet per second, respectively. Under proposed future diversion conditions, natural 95- and 50-percentile discharges would be reduced by 33 and 24 percent, to 58 and 85 cubic feet per second, respectively. Compared to discharges that reflect current (2000-2005) diversion conditions, proposed future diversion conditions would reduce 95-percentile discharges, which are representative of moderate drought levels in the stream, by 15 percent. No change would be expected in 50-percentile discharges, which are representative of normal conditions. The effects of current (2000-2005) and proposed future diversion conditions on the natural flow of streams in the Waipiʻo Valley study area differ, depending on the location. Under current (2000-2005) diversion conditions, reductions in natural 95- or 50-percentile discharges of greater than 30 percent were found in Kawainui Stream downstream from Upper Hamakua Ditch to an altitude of about 1,435 feet and in the reach of Waimā Stream between Upper and Lower Hāmākua Ditches. Under proposed future diversion conditions, reductions in natural 95- or 50-percentile discharges of greater than 30 percent were found in Kawainui Stream downstream from Upper Hamakua Ditch to an altitude of about 1,435 feet, in the reach of Waimā Stream between Upper and Lower Hāmākua Ditches, and along most stream reaches downstream from Lower Hāmākua Ditch, except for Waimā Stream.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaiʻi Office of Hawaiian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Fontaine, R.A., 2012, Low-flow characteristics of streams under natural and diversion conditions, Waipiʻo Valley, Island of Hawaiʻi, Hawaiʻi: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5118, ix, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115118.","productDescription":"ix, 80 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5118.gif"},{"id":263939,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5118/"},{"id":263940,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5118/sir2011-5118.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","city":"Hawai?i","otherGeospatial":"Waipi?o Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 155.70,20.00 ], [ 155.70,20.15 ], [ 155.56,20.15 ], [ 155.56,20.00 ], [ 155.70,20.00 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85615e4b03bc63bd679a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fontaine, Richard A. rfontain@usgs.gov","contributorId":2379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Richard","email":"rfontain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70041619,"text":"70041619 - 2012 - Redox reaction rates in shallow aquifers: Implications for nitrate transport in groundwater and streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T19:52:58","indexId":"70041619","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Redox reaction rates in shallow aquifers: Implications for nitrate transport in groundwater and streams","docAbstract":"Groundwater age and water chemistry data along flow paths from recharge areas to streams were used to evaluate the trends and transformations of agricultural chemicals. Results from this analysis indicate that median nitrate recharge concentrations in these agricultural areas have increased markedly over the last 50 years from 4 mg N/L in samples collected prior to 1983 to 7.5 mg N/L in samples collected since 1983. The effect that nitrate accumulation in shallow aquifers will have on drinking water quality and stream ecosystems is dependent on the rate of redox reactions along flow paths and on the age distribution of nitrate discharging to supply wells and streams.","largerWorkTitle":"Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America Annual Meeting","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A., 2012, Redox reaction rates in shallow aquifers: Implications for nitrate transport in groundwater and streams, in Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, v. 44, no. 7, p. 208-208.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"208","endPage":"208","ipdsId":"IP-025488","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263924,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2012AM/finalprogram/abstract_210158.htm"}],"volume":"44","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85626e4b03bc63bd679b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J.","contributorId":40207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70041048,"text":"70041048 - 2012 - The utility of harvest recoveries of marked individuals to assess polar bear (Ursus maritimus) survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T16:59:56.53923","indexId":"70041048","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T13:11:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The utility of harvest recoveries of marked individuals to assess polar bear (Ursus maritimus) survival","title":"The utility of harvest recoveries of marked individuals to assess polar bear (Ursus maritimus) survival","docAbstract":"Management of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) populations requires the periodic assessment of life history metrics such as survival rate. This information is frequently obtained during short-term capture and marking efforts (e.g., over the course of three years) that result in hundreds of marked bears remaining in the population after active marking is finished. Using 10 additional years of harvest recovery subsequent to a period of active marking, we provide updated estimates of annual survival for polar bears in the Baffin Bay population of Greenland and Canada. Our analysis suggests a decline in survival of polar bears since the period of active marking that ended in 1997; some of the decline in survival can likely be attributed to a decline in springtime ice concentration over the continental shelf of Baffin Island. The variance around the survival estimates is comparatively high because of the declining number of marks available; therefore, results must be interpreted with caution. The variance of the estimates of survival increased most substantially in the sixth year post-marking. When survival estimates calculated with recovery-only and recapture-recovery data sets from the period of active marking were compared, survival rates were indistinguishable. However, for the period when fewer marks were available, survival estimates were lower using the recovery-only data set, which indicates that part of the decline we detected for 2003 – 09 may be due to using only harvest recovery data. Nevertheless, the decline in the estimates of survival is consistent with population projections derived from harvest numbers and earlier vital rates, as well as with an observed decline in the extent of sea ice habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic4237","usgsCitation":"Peacock, E.L., Laake, J., Laidre, K., Born, E.W., and Atkinson, S.N., 2012, The utility of harvest recoveries of marked individuals to assess polar bear (Ursus maritimus) survival: Arctic, v. 65, no. 4, p. 391-400, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4237.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"400","ipdsId":"IP-036229","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4237","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381727,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada;Greenland","otherGeospatial":"Baffin Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.86,63.91 ], [ -99.86,81.64 ], [ -48.67,81.64 ], [ -48.67,63.91 ], [ -99.86,63.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd78c1e4b0b2908510c5e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peacock, Elizabeth L. 0000-0001-7279-0329 lpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-0329","contributorId":3361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Elizabeth","email":"lpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laake, Jeff","contributorId":81444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laake","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laidre, Kristin L.","contributorId":37646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laidre","given":"Kristin L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Born, Erik W.","contributorId":8379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Born","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Atkinson, Stephen N.","contributorId":12365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041421,"text":"70041421 - 2012 - Improving the accuracy of S02 column densities and emission rates obtained from upward-looking UV-spectroscopic measurements of volcanic plumes by taking realistic radiative transfer into account","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:56:47","indexId":"70041421","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving the accuracy of S02 column densities and emission rates obtained from upward-looking UV-spectroscopic measurements of volcanic plumes by taking realistic radiative transfer into account","docAbstract":"Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is monitored using ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy at numerous volcanoes around the world due to its importance as a measure of volcanic activity and a tracer for other gaseous species. Recent studies have shown that failure to take realistic radiative transfer into account during the spectral retrieval of the collected data often leads to large errors in the calculated emission rates. Here, the framework for a new evaluation method which couples a radiative transfer model to the spectral retrieval is described. In it, absorption spectra are simulated, and atmospheric parameters are iteratively updated in the model until a best match to the measurement data is achieved. The evaluation algorithm is applied to two example Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements conducted at Kilauea volcano (Hawaii). The resulting emission rates were 20 and 90% higher than those obtained with a conventional DOAS retrieval performed between 305 and 315 nm, respectively, depending on the different SO2 and aerosol loads present in the volcanic plume. The internal consistency of the method was validated by measuring and modeling SO2 absorption features in a separate wavelength region around 375 nm and comparing the results. Although additional information about the measurement geometry and atmospheric conditions is needed in addition to the acquired spectral data, this method for the first time provides a means of taking realistic three-dimensional radiative transfer into account when analyzing UV-spectral absorption measurements of volcanic SO2 plumes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2012JD017936","usgsCitation":"Kern, C., Deutschmann, T., Werner, C., Sutton, A.J., Elias, T., and Kelly, P., 2012, Improving the accuracy of S02 column densities and emission rates obtained from upward-looking UV-spectroscopic measurements of volcanic plumes by taking realistic radiative transfer into account: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 117, 23 p.; D20302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017936.","productDescription":"23 p.; D20302","numberOfPages":"23","ipdsId":"IP-037318","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264053,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017936"}],"country":"United States","volume":"117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc58ece4b00ab7c548c6ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kern, Christoph 0000-0002-8920-5701 ckern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-5701","contributorId":3387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Christoph","email":"ckern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deutschmann, Tim","contributorId":57742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutschmann","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, Cynthia 0000-0003-3311-6694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3311-6694","contributorId":11444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cynthia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutton, A. Jeff","contributorId":45605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelly, Peter J.","contributorId":72685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70041641,"text":"70041641 - 2012 - Linking the historic 2011 Mississippi River flood to coastal wetland sedimentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-10T11:27:29","indexId":"70041641","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking the historic 2011 Mississippi River flood to coastal wetland sedimentation","docAbstract":"Wetlands in the Mississippi River deltaic plain are deteriorating in part because levees and control structures starve them of sediment. In Spring of 2011 a record-breaking flood brought discharge on the lower Mississippi River to dangerous levels, forcing managers to divert up to 3500 m3/s-1 of water to the Atchafalaya River Basin. Here we quantify differences between the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River inundation and sediment-plume patterns using field-calibrated satellite data, and assess the impact these outflows had on wetland sedimentation. We characterize hydrodynamics and suspended sediment patterns of the Mississippi River plume using in-situ data collected during the historic flood. We show that the focused, high-momentum jet from the leveed Mississippi delivered sediment far offshore. In contrast, the plume from the Atchafalaya was more diffuse; diverted water inundated a large area; and sediment was trapped within the coastal current. Maximum sedimentation (up to several centimetres) occurred in the Atchafalaya Basin despite the larger sediment load carried by the Mississippi. Minimum accumulation occurred along the shoreline between these river sources. Our findings provide a mechanistic link between river-mouth dynamics and wetland sedimentation patterns that is relevant for plans to restore deltaic wetlands using artificial diversions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1038/ngeo1615","usgsCitation":"Falcini, F., Khan, N., Macelloni, L., Horton, B.P., Lutken, C.B., McKee, K.L., Santoleri, R., Colella, S., Li, C., Volpe, G., D’Emidio, M., Salusti, A., and Jerolmack, D.J., 2012, Linking the historic 2011 Mississippi River flood to coastal wetland sedimentation: Nature Geoscience, v. 5, p. 803-807, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1615.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"803","endPage":"807","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-037659","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263900,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1615"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c70468e4b0ebb3997466d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falcini, Federico","contributorId":10305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcini","given":"Federico","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Khan, Nicole S.","contributorId":52466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"Nicole S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macelloni, Leonardo","contributorId":78621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macelloni","given":"Leonardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":63641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lutken, Carol B.","contributorId":69433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutken","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McKee, Karen L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":8927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Santoleri, Rosalia","contributorId":69434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santoleri","given":"Rosalia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Colella, Simone","contributorId":61309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colella","given":"Simone","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Li, Chunyan","contributorId":101163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Chunyan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Volpe, Gianluca","contributorId":86656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volpe","given":"Gianluca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"D’Emidio, Marco","contributorId":94564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Emidio","given":"Marco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Salusti, Alessandro","contributorId":68618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salusti","given":"Alessandro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Jerolmack, Douglas J.","contributorId":78622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jerolmack","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70041645,"text":"sir20125155 - 2012 - Yield of bedrock wells in the Nashoba terrane, central and eastern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:29:07","indexId":"sir20125155","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5155","title":"Yield of bedrock wells in the Nashoba terrane, central and eastern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The yield of bedrock wells in the fractured-bedrock aquifers of the Nashoba terrane and surrounding area, central and eastern Massachusetts, was investigated with analyses of existing data. Reported well yield was compiled for 7,287 wells from Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection and U.S. Geological Survey databases. Yield of these wells ranged from 0.04 to 625 gallons per minute. In a comparison with data from 103 supply wells, yield and specific capacity from aquifer tests were well correlated, indicating that reported well yield was a reasonable measure of aquifer characteristics in the study area.\n\nStatistically significant relations were determined between well yield and a number of cultural and hydrogeologic factors. Cultural variables included intended water use, well depth, year of construction, and method of yield measurement. Bedrock geology, topography, surficial geology, and proximity to surface waters were statistically significant hydrogeologic factors. Yield of wells was higher in areas of granites, mafic intrusive rocks, and amphibolites than in areas of schists and gneisses or pelitic rocks; higher in valleys and low-slope areas than on hills, ridges, or high slopes; higher in areas overlain by stratified glacial deposits than in areas overlain by till; and higher in close proximity to streams, ponds, and wetlands than at greater distances from these surface-water features. Proximity to mapped faults and to lineaments from aerial photographs also were related to well yield by some measures in three quadrangles in the study area. Although the statistical significance of these relations was high, their predictive power was low, and these relations explained little of the variability in the well-yield data.\n\nSimilar results were determined from a multivariate regression analysis. Multivariate regression models for the Nashoba terrane and for a three-quadrangle subarea included, as significant variables, many of the cultural and hydrogeologic factors that were individually related to well yield, in ways that are consistent with conceptual understanding of their effects, but the models explained only 21 percent (regional model for the entire terrane) and 30 percent (quadrangle model) of the overall variance in yield. Moreover, most of the explained variance was due to well characteristics rather than hydrogeologic factors. Hydrogeologic factors such as topography and geology are likely important. However, the overall high variability in the well-yield data, which results from the high variability in aquifer hydraulic properties as well as from limitations of the dataset, would make it difficult to use hydrogeologic factors to predict well yield in the study area.\n\nGeostatistical analysis (variograms), on the other hand, indicated that, although highly variable, the well-yield data are spatially correlated. The spatial continuity appears greater in the northeast-southwest direction and less in the southeast-northwest direction, directions that are parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the regional geologic structural trends. Geostatistical analysis (kriging), used to estimate yield values throughout the study area, identified regional-scale areas of higher and lower yield that may be related to regional structural features—in particular, to a northeast-southwest trending regional fault zone within the Nashoba terrane. It also would be difficult to use kriging to predict yield at specific locations, however, because of the spatial variability in yield, particularly at small scales. The regional-scale analyses in this study, both with hydrogeologic variables and geostatistics, provide a context for understanding the variability in well yield, rather a basis for precise predictions, and site-specific information would be needed to understand local conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"DeSimone, L., and Barbaro, J.R., 2012, Yield of bedrock wells in the Nashoba terrane, central and eastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5155, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125155.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"86","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PV6HTP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Bedrock well yield, lineaments, and ancillary data in the Nashoba Terrane, central and eastern Massachusetts"},{"id":263904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5155.jpg"},{"id":263902,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5155/"},{"id":263903,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5155/pdf/sir2012-5155_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Webster;Dudley;Newbury;Rowley;Salisbury;Worcester","otherGeospatial":"Sudbury River;Assabet River;Concord River;Blackstone River;Ipswich River;Parker River;French River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.0209,41.9962 ], [ -72.0209,42.8921 ], [ -70.675,42.8921 ], [ -70.675,41.9962 ], [ -72.0209,41.9962 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c70477e4b0ebb3997466d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-6107-2142 jrbarbar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2142","contributorId":1626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrbarbar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041622,"text":"ofr20121242 - 2012 - Geomorphic analysis of the river response to sedimentation downstream of Mount Rainier, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-08T15:28:14","indexId":"ofr20121242","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1242","title":"Geomorphic analysis of the river response to sedimentation downstream of Mount Rainier, Washington","docAbstract":"A study of the geomorphology of rivers draining Mount Rainier, Washington, was completed to identify sources of sediment to the river network; to identify important processes in the sediment delivery system; to assess current sediment loads in rivers draining Mount Rainier; to evaluate if there were trends in streamflow or sediment load since the early 20th century; and to assess how rates of sedimentation might continue into the future using published climate-change scenarios.\n\nRivers draining Mount Rainier carry heavy sediment loads sourced primarily from the volcano that cause acute aggradation in deposition reaches as far away as the Puget Lowland. Calculated yields ranged from 2,000 tonnes per square kilometer per year [(tonnes/km2)/yr] on the upper Nisqually River to 350 (tonnes/km2)/yr on the lower Puyallup River, notably larger than sediment yields of 50–200 (tonnes/km2)/yr typical for other Cascade Range rivers. These rivers can be assumed to be in a general state of sediment surplus. As a result, future aggradation rates will be largely influenced by the underlying hydrology carrying sediment downstream. The active-channel width of rivers directly draining Mount Rainier in 2009, used as a proxy for sediment released from Mount Rainier, changed little between 1965 and 1994 reflecting a climatic period that was relatively quiet hydrogeomorphically. From 1994 to 2009, a marked increase in geomorphic disturbance caused the active channels in many river reaches to widen. Comparing active-channel widths of glacier-draining rivers in 2009 to the distance of glacier retreat between 1913 and 1994 showed no correlation, suggesting that geomorphic disturbance in river reaches directly downstream of glaciers is not strongly governed by the degree of glacial retreat. In contrast, there was a correlation between active-channel width and the percentage of superglacier debris mantling the glacier, as measured in 1971. A conceptual model of sediment delivery processes from the mountain indicates that rockfalls, glaciers, debris flows, and main-stem flooding act sequentially to deliver sediment from Mount Rainier to river reaches in the Puget Lowland over decadal time scales. Greater-than-normal runoff was associated with cool phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Streamflow-gaging station data from four unregulated rivers directly draining Mount Rainier indicated no statistically significant trends of increasing peak flows over the course of the 20th century.\n\nThe total sediment load of the upper Nisqually River from 1945 to 2011 was determined to be 1,200,000±180,000 tonnes/yr. The suspended-sediment load in the lower Puyallup River at Puyallup, Washington, was 860,000±300,000 tonnes/yr between 1978 and 1994, but the long-term load for the Puyallup River likely is about 1,000,000±400,000 tonnes/yr. Using a coarse-resolution bedload transport relation, the long-term average bedload was estimated to be about 30,000 tonnes/yr in the lower White River near Auburn, Washington, which was four times greater than bedload in the Puyallup River and an order of magnitude greater than bedload in the Carbon River. Analyses indicate a general increase in the sediment loads in Mount Rainier rivers in the 1990s and 2000s relative to the time period from the 1960s to 1980s. Data are insufficient, however, to determine definitively if post-1990 increases in sediment production and transport from Mount Rainier represent a statistically significant increase relative to sediment-load values typical from Mount Rainier during the entire 20th century.\n\nOne-dimensional river-hydraulic and sediment-transport models simulated the entrainment, transport, attrition, and deposition of bed material. Simulations showed that bed-material loads were largest for the Nisqually River and smallest for the Carbon River. The models were used to simulate how increases in sediment supply to rivers transport through the river systems and affect lowland reaches. For each simulation, the input sediment pulse evolved through a combination of translation, dispersion, and attrition as it moved downstream. The characteristic transport times for the median sediment-size pulse to arrive downstream for the Nisqually, Carbon, Puyallup, and White Rivers were approximately 70, 300, 80, and 60 years, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121242","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Pierce County Public Works and Utilities, Surface Water Management; and King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Water and Land Resources Division","usgsCitation":"Czuba, J., Magirl, C.S., Czuba, C.R., Curran, C.A., Johnson, K.H., Olsen, T.D., Kimball, H.K., and Gish, C.C., 2012, Geomorphic analysis of the river response to sedimentation downstream of Mount Rainier, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1242, xii, 134 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121242.","productDescription":"xii, 134 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"150","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040356","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1242.jpg"},{"id":263868,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1242/"},{"id":263869,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1242/pdf/ofr20121242.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.79,45.54 ], [ -124.79,49.0 ], [ -116.92,49.0 ], [ -116.92,45.54 ], [ -124.79,45.54 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c46187e4b0e44331d07168","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, Jonathan A.","contributorId":19917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Czuba, Christiana R. cczuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":4555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Christiana","email":"cczuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth H. johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olsen, Theresa D. 0000-0003-4099-4057 tdolsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-4057","contributorId":1644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Theresa","email":"tdolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kimball, Halley K.","contributorId":36431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Halley","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gish, Casey C.","contributorId":55245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gish","given":"Casey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70041597,"text":"70041597 - 2012 - Palynological composition of a Lower Cretaceous South American tropical sequence: Climatic implications and diversity comparisons with other latitudes.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T10:48:31","indexId":"70041597","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palynological composition of a Lower Cretaceous South American tropical sequence: Climatic implications and diversity comparisons with other latitudes.","docAbstract":"Premise of the study: Reconstruction of floristic patterns during the early diversification of angiosperms is impeded by the scarce fossil record, especially in tropical latitudes. Here we collected quantitative palynological data from a stratigraphic sequence in tropical South America to provide floristic and climatic insights into such tropical environments during the Early Cretaceous.\n\nMethods: We reconstructed the floristic composition of an Aptian-Albian tropical sequence from central Colombia using quantitative palynology (rarefied species richness and abundance) and used it to infer its predominant climatic conditions. Additionally, we compared our results with available quantitative data from three other sequences encompassing 70 floristic assemblages to determine latitudinal diversity patterns.\n\nKey results: Abundance of humidity indicators was higher than that of aridity indicators (61% vs. 10%). Additionally, we found an angiosperm latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) for the Aptian, but not for the Albian, and an inverted LDG of the overall diversity for the Albian. Angiosperm species turnover during the Albian, however, was higher in humid tropics.\n\nConclusions: There were humid climates in northwestern South America during the Aptian-Albian interval contrary to the widespread aridity expected for the tropical belt. The Albian inverted overall LDG is produced by a faster increase in per-sample angiosperm and pteridophyte diversity in temperate latitudes. However, humid tropical sequences had higher rates of floristic turnover suggesting a higher degree of morphological variation than in temperate regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Journal of Botany","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","publisherLocation":"St. Louis, MO","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1200135","usgsCitation":"Mejia-Velasquez, P., Dilcher, D.L., Jaramillo, C., Fortini, L., and Manchester, S., 2012, Palynological composition of a Lower Cretaceous South American tropical sequence: Climatic implications and diversity comparisons with other latitudes.: American Journal of Botany, v. 99, no. 11, p. 1819-1827, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200135.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1819","endPage":"1827","ipdsId":"IP-041295","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263886,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200135"}],"otherGeospatial":"South America","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0,-56.5 ], [ -94.0,13.1 ], [ -32.6,13.1 ], [ -32.6,-56.5 ], [ -94.0,-56.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"99","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c46194e4b0e44331d07174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mejia-Velasquez, Paula J.","contributorId":19447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mejia-Velasquez","given":"Paula J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dilcher, David L.","contributorId":32208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dilcher","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaramillo, Carlos A.","contributorId":76610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaramillo","given":"Carlos A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fortini, Lucas B.","contributorId":10693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortini","given":"Lucas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Manchester, Steven R.","contributorId":24657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manchester","given":"Steven R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}