No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01685020","usgsCitation":"Haegele, M.A., Tucker, R.K., and Hudson, R.H., 1974, Effects of dietary mercury and lead on eggshell thickness in mallards: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 11, no. 1, p. 5-11, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01685020.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615fc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haegele, M. A.","contributorId":107010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haegele","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, R. K.","contributorId":96383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, R. H.","contributorId":29534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221207,"text":"5221207 - 1974 - The effect of sublethal dosages of five pesticides and a polychlorinated biphenyl on the avoidance response of coturnix quail chicks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:37","indexId":"5221207","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of sublethal dosages of five pesticides and a polychlorinated biphenyl on the avoidance response of coturnix quail chicks","docAbstract":"Coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix) chicks were given sublethal amounts of chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, DDE, Ceresan M, or Aroclor 1254 (a polychlorinated biphenyl) in their feed, beginning at seven days of age, and their avoidance response to a moving silhouette was measured daily for fourteen days. The birds were on dosage for eight days, and on untreated feed for six days immediately thereafter. Group avoidance response was significantly suppressed (P from 0?01 to <0?001) by chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, Ceresan M, and Aroclor 1254. No effect of DDE on the birds' behaviour could be detected. The behaviour of the endrin-treated birds returned to normal after two days on untreated feed. The data indicated partial recovery for birds treated with dieldrin and chlordane, but none for those Ceresan M, or Aroclor 1254. The percentage of controls responding to the silhouette dropped from an average of 84 for the first four days to 70 on the sixth day; then it increased until the end of the test when it was almost 80. This apparently aberrant behaviour of healthy birds is tentatively attributed to a daily decrease in the discrepancy between the moving silhouette and the birds' schema for the silhouette, followed by maturation of the central nervous system, beginning at about the fourteenth day of age. We believe this maturation effected revival of interest and hence a heightened reaction to the stimulus.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0013-9327(74)90043-3","usgsCitation":"Kreitzer, J., and Heinz, G.H., 1974, The effect of sublethal dosages of five pesticides and a polychlorinated biphenyl on the avoidance response of coturnix quail chicks: Environmental Pollution, v. 6, no. 1, p. 21-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9327(74)90043-3.","productDescription":"21-29","startPage":"21","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16227,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-9327(74)90043-3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":193989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635e21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreitzer, J.F.","contributorId":57170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreitzer","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221219,"text":"5221219 - 1974 - Relations of the brown pelican to certain environmental pollutants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T13:10:18","indexId":"5221219","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations of the brown pelican to certain environmental pollutants","docAbstract":"Nearly all brown pelican eggs collected from 13 colonies in South Carolina, Florida, and California in 1969 and from 17 colonies in South Carolina and Florida in 1970 exhibited eggshell thinning. Of the 100 eggs analyzed for residues of pollutants, all eggs contained measurable quantities of DDE; most eggs contained measurable quantities of p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, dieldrin, or PCB's (polychlorinated biphenyls). All eggs contained measurable quantities of mercury. DDE appears to have been responsible for virtually all the eggshell thinning. There is strong evidence that DDE played a major role in lowered reproductive success in South Carolina and California, and this pollutant appears to be intimately related to the population decline in South Carolina. Other pollutants, particularly dieldrin, may have had deleterious effect on reproductive success in South Carolina. Carcasses of pelicans collected by shooting in Florida and South Carolina in 1970 varied in residue load according to age and geographic location. Birds under 1 year of age contained smaller quantities of residues than did birds I year or older.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Belisle, A.A., and Prouty, R.M., 1974, Relations of the brown pelican to certain environmental pollutants: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 7, no. 3/4, p. 181-194.","productDescription":"181-194","startPage":"181","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269755,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26095491"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3/4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6348fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belisle, A. A.","contributorId":77897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belisle","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prouty, R. M.","contributorId":31349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221206,"text":"5221206 - 1974 - Effects of DDT on bobwhite quail adrenal gland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-01T12:04:40.90244","indexId":"5221206","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of DDT on bobwhite quail adrenal gland","docAbstract":"A wide range of responses to sublethal levels of DDT exist, many of which are species specific and vary within each species depending upon age, sex, and physiological state. Sublethal levels of DDT do cause an increase in the adrenal cortical tissue of bobwhite quail, which may cause increased secretion of corticosteroids, and in turn affect reproduction. A delicate homeostatic balance exists within the avian endocrine system which may be disturbed by feeding sublethal levels of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. This adverse effect on the endocrine system may cause subtle reproductive failures which go unnoticed until the population is greatly reduced.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01685295","usgsCitation":"Lehman, J., Peterle, T., and Mulls, C., 1974, Effects of DDT on bobwhite quail adrenal gland: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 11, no. 5, p. 407-414, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01685295.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"414","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194112,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6251c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehman, J.W.","contributorId":74467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterle, T.J.","contributorId":10108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterle","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulls, C.M.","contributorId":39477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulls","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221209,"text":"5221209 - 1974 - Avian eggshell thickness: Variability and sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:37","indexId":"5221209","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian eggshell thickness: Variability and sampling","docAbstract":"Measurements of shell thickness of the eggs of five species were subjected to nested analyses of variance. The analyses separated variation into two or three levels for which variances and percentages of the total variation were derived. The results show that differences among measurements of the same egg contribute little to the sample variance whereas differences among eggs within clutches contribute nearly as much as differences among clutches. It is more efficient and less costly to collect entire clutches of eggs in most studies of shell thickness. Using entire clutches, sample sizes needed to detect differences of 10 percent in shell thickness (at given significance levels and power) were estimated to be eight to 11 clutches for the species studied. For differences of five percent, 26 to 38 clutches are required. Guidelines are presented which may assist other workers in evaluating the efficiency of their sampling designs, and in estimating sample sizes for detecting differences in eggshell thickness in wild birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Klaas, E., Ohlendorf, H.M., and Heath, R., 1974, Avian eggshell thickness: Variability and sampling: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 86, no. 2, p. 156-164.","productDescription":"156-164","startPage":"156","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16223,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v086n02/p0156-p0164.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":193988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klaas, Erwin E.","contributorId":21487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaas","given":"Erwin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heath, R.G.","contributorId":104999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heath","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221212,"text":"5221212 - 1974 - Nationwide organochlorine and mercury residues in wings of adult mallard and black ducks during the 1969-70 hunting season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T13:09:36","indexId":"5221212","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nationwide organochlorine and mercury residues in wings of adult mallard and black ducks during the 1969-70 hunting season","docAbstract":"Nationwide monitoring of organochlorine and mercury residues in wings of approximately 5,200 adult mallards and black (ducks bagged during the 1969-70 hunting season showed DDE, as in 1965 and 1966, to be the predominant residue. PCB's were next in overall prevalence, followed by mercury, DDT, dieldrin, DDD, and heptachlor epoxide. There was no indication of a decrease in levels from 1966. Residues were generally highest in the Atlantic and Pacific Flyways and lowest in the Central Flyway; PCB's, however, were highest in the Atlantic Flyway and diminished westward across the Nation. Mercury residues were highest in A tlantic Flyway black ducks. Monitoring results were consistent: States with high residues in 1965 and 1966 were again high in 1969. Analyses of individual wings of mallards from California and black ducks from New Jersey and New York revealed DDE residues as high as 41 ppm and certain regional and seasonal differences in levels within States. They also revealed an apparent tendency for DDE residues to be more variable and to attain higher levels in male than in female wings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Heath, R., and Hill, S., 1974, Nationwide organochlorine and mercury residues in wings of adult mallard and black ducks during the 1969-70 hunting season: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 7, no. 3/4, p. 153-164.","productDescription":"153-164","startPage":"153","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269754,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26095463"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3/4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69824b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heath, R.G.","contributorId":104999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heath","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, S.A.","contributorId":14916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221208,"text":"5221208 - 1974 - Residues of organochlorine pesticides, mercury, and PCB's in mourning doves from eastern United States--1970-71","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T12:42:49","indexId":"5221208","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residues of organochlorine pesticides, mercury, and PCB's in mourning doves from eastern United States--1970-71","docAbstract":"Mourning dove (Zenaidura macroura) breast muscle samples from birds collected in 1970-71 from Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Florida were found to contain residues of DDT, DDE, DDD, polychlorinated biphenyls, dieldrin, mirex, mercury, and heptachlor epoxide in amounts not considered hazardous to consumers, human or nonhuman. There were 145 birds involved, 7 to 10 from each State. Residues of DDT plus DDE plus DDD averaged 5.83 ppm lipid weight (0.068 ppm wet weight); those of PCB's, 9.75 ppm lipid weight (0.121 ppm wet weight); compounds were found in all birds. Heptachlor epoxide and dieldrin were found in little more than trace amounts: heptachlor in all birds, dieldrin in 73. Mirex was found only in birds from South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, averaging 4.32 ppm lipid weight (0.046 ppm wet weight) in eight birds. Less than 0.05 ppm (wet weight) mercury was found in all birds except 10, in which it ranged from 0.07 to 0.67 ppm. The 10 were from Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Tennessee, and Alabama.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kreitzer, J., 1974, Residues of organochlorine pesticides, mercury, and PCB's in mourning doves from eastern United States--1970-71: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 7, no. 3/4, p. 195-199.","productDescription":"195-199","startPage":"195","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269737,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26095505"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3/4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605d69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreitzer, J.F.","contributorId":57170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreitzer","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221217,"text":"5221217 - 1974 - Chlorinated hydrocarbon and mercury residues in woodcock in the United States, 1970-71","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T13:11:02","indexId":"5221217","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorinated hydrocarbon and mercury residues in woodcock in the United States, 1970-71","docAbstract":"During Late 1970 and early 1971, 229 woodcock (Philohela minor) were collected from 23 Eastern and Midwestern States. Analyses for chlorinated hydrocarbons and mercury in these migratory birds showed generally low levels which are not considered dangerous to human consumers. In this survey, Louisiana woodcock had lower residues of heptachlor epoxide and DDE than those tested in a 1965 survey. PCB levels, however, may have increased. Mirex levels were greatest in Mississipi and Louisiana woodcock. Pooling of birds and averaging of individually analyzed birds did not provide equivalent estimates of equivalent residues; pool values tended to be larger and more variable. Levels of six chlorinated hydrocarbons and mercury were negatively correlated with the latitude of the collection site. However, this relationship seemed weakest for PCB's. Among eight chemical residues, PCB levels were most often correlated with levels of the other seven. Levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons in wings were correlated with levels in breast muscle and in carcass; however, mean levels of certain residues differed significantly among wing, muscle, and carcass even when compared on a lipid basis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., and McLane, M.A., 1974, Chlorinated hydrocarbon and mercury residues in woodcock in the United States, 1970-71: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 8, no. 1, p. 15-22.","productDescription":"15-22","startPage":"15","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269756,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26095565"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2165","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLane, M. Anne Ross","contributorId":107799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLane","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne Ross","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222911,"text":"5222911 - 1974 - The seventy-fourth Christmas bird count. [Untitled. Summary for Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Virginia]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:45","indexId":"5222911","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The seventy-fourth Christmas bird count. [Untitled. Summary for Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Virginia]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bystrak, D., 1974, The seventy-fourth Christmas bird count. [Untitled. Summary for Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Virginia]: American Birds, v. 28, no. 2, p. 154-156.","productDescription":"154-156","startPage":"154","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e6c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bystrak, D.R.","contributorId":46188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bystrak","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221204,"text":"5221204 - 1974 - Aspergillosis in a royal tern from Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:51","indexId":"5221204","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1207,"text":"Chat","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspergillosis in a royal tern from Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chat","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Locke, L.N., Blus, L.J., and Cromartie, E., 1974, Aspergillosis in a royal tern from Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina: Chat, v. 38, no. 1, p. 24-25.","productDescription":"24-25","startPage":"24","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locke, L. N.","contributorId":73539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cromartie, E.","contributorId":13926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromartie","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220965,"text":"5220965 - 1974 - Range expansion and population increase of the gadwall in eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:40","indexId":"5220965","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range expansion and population increase of the gadwall in eastern North America","docAbstract":"A disjunct breeding population of Gadwall in eastern North America was first recorded in 1939 This population has extended its range during recent years to the point where it is now found breeding in more than thirty locations (primarily National Wildlife Refuges and Wildlife Management Areas). These are 1,600-2,000 km (1,000-1,200 miles) from the main breeding range in the west and midwest. The number of breeding birds and the harvest have both increased during the last decade. Approximately 40,000 Gadwall were harvested in the northern portion of the Atlantic Flyway between 1961 and 1970. The impoundment of water seems to be responsible for the increase, providing focal points for nesting activities,","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildfowl","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., and Holgersen, N., 1974, Range expansion and population increase of the gadwall in eastern North America: Wildfowl, v. 25, p. 95-101.","productDescription":"95-101","startPage":"95","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649500","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holgersen, N.E.","contributorId":10889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holgersen","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223471,"text":"5223471 - 1974 - Clapper rail in Tamaulipas, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223471","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clapper rail in Tamaulipas, Mexico","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., 1974, Clapper rail in Tamaulipas, Mexico: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 86, no. 1, p. 76-77.","productDescription":"76-77","startPage":"76","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16211,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v086n01/p0076-p0077.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":199671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672bf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223472,"text":"5223472 - 1974 - The effects on systematics of proposed regulations on animal importations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223472","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":619,"text":"ASC Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects on systematics of proposed regulations on animal importations","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ASC Newsletter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., 1974, The effects on systematics of proposed regulations on animal importations: ASC Newsletter, v. 2, no. 3, p. 17-21.","productDescription":"17-21","startPage":"17","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65ddd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223383,"text":"5223383 - 1974 - Retraction of a longevity record for a 36-year-old herring gull","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-17T09:56:16","indexId":"5223383","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Retraction of a longevity record for a 36-year-old herring gull","docAbstract":"The longevity record for a 36-year-old Herring Gull, Larus argentatus (Pettingill 1967, Auk 84: 123), is erroneous. Herring Gull with band number A-676871, the basis of the record, was found dead on 20 June 1966 on the shore of Little Traverse Bay near Petoskey, Michigan, and reported to the Bird Banding Laboratory. The laboratory then mistakenly advised Pettingill that this gull was banded by him on 29 June 1930 on coastal Maine. He actually banded Herring Gull number A-676871 as a young bird on one of the Beaver Islands in Lake Michigan on 8 July 1948. The gull was thus 18 instead of 36 years old.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Jonkel, G., and Pettingill, O., 1974, Retraction of a longevity record for a 36-year-old herring gull: The Auk, v. 91, no. 2, p. 432-432.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"432","endPage":"432","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341413,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4084533"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonkel, G.M.","contributorId":55104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonkel","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pettingill, O.S. Jr.","contributorId":105016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettingill","given":"O.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223537,"text":"5223537 - 1974 - Albinism in the black noddy (Anous tenuirostris)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-28T00:24:31.974107","indexId":"5223537","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Albinism in the black noddy (Anous tenuirostris)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1365821","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., 1974, Albinism in the black noddy (Anous tenuirostris): Condor, v. 76, no. 4, p. 464-465, https://doi.org/10.2307/1365821.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"464","endPage":"465","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503082,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol76/iss4/15","text":"External Repository"},{"id":199935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68823f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220994,"text":"5220994 - 1974 - Willow flycatcher breeding on the coastal plain of Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:47","indexId":"5220994","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2687,"text":"Maryland Birdlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Willow flycatcher breeding on the coastal plain of Maryland","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Maryland Birdlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bystrak, D., 1974, Willow flycatcher breeding on the coastal plain of Maryland: Maryland Birdlife, v. 30, no. 3, p. 117-118.","productDescription":"117-118","startPage":"117","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e1e9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bystrak, D.R.","contributorId":46188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bystrak","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222231,"text":"5222231 - 1974 - Breeding red-winged blackbirds in captivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-17T09:50:00","indexId":"5222231","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding red-winged blackbirds in captivity","docAbstract":"Ability to establish and maintain self-sustaining breeding colonies of captive Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) would facilitate long-term studies designed to develop methods for alleviating blackbird depredations as well as provide basic life history data. To be most useful, the colonies should be established in pens near laboratory facilities; this frequently involves putting colonies in unnatural nesting habitat. This paper describes a 5-year effort at Gainesville, Florida, to induce captive Red-wings, most of them taken from the wild as nestlings and then hand-reared in our laboratory, to breed regularly under such conditions.
Except for an undocumented report of two young fully reared at the London Zoo in 1913 (Prestwick per. comm.), captive Red-wings have not been induced to breed successfully under avicultural conditions. In 1969, captive Red-wings, wild-trapped as adults, were induced to breed and to rear young successfully in large pens over normal marsh and hayfield nesting habitat in Ohio (Jackson pers. comm.). Earlier, a pair of Red-wings that had been caught as adults and kept together for a year hatched two young in a 40- X 20- X 6-foot cage in Massachusetts (Wetherbee 1960, Wilson Bull. 74: 90), but the nestlings died soon after hatching.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4084732","usgsCitation":"Know, C., and Stickley, A., 1974, Breeding red-winged blackbirds in captivity: The Auk, v. 91, no. 4, p. 808-816, https://doi.org/10.2307/4084732.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"808","endPage":"816","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4084732","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb40f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Know, C.J.","contributorId":31871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Know","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickley, A.R. Jr.","contributorId":14538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickley","given":"A.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222046,"text":"5222046 - 1974 - The winter bird survey of central Maryland, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:06","indexId":"5222046","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:56","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":641,"text":"Acta Ornithologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The winter bird survey of central Maryland, U.S.A","docAbstract":"A method for monitoring changes in winter bird populations was tested in central Maryland in the winters of 1970, 1971 and 1972. A systematic sample of 41 transects was established to sample an area of 6150 sq. km. Each transect, located at the center of a standard 7 1/2-minute topographic map, was 8 km in length and approximately square in shape. Coverage began at local sunrise on any one day from 15 January to 15 February, and was completed in exactly 4 hours. Birds seen or heard within one-fourth mile (0.40) km were recorded separately for each hour, and those identified at a greater distance were entered in a separate column. The mean number of species per route was 29. Ten species showed a statistically significant change from 1970 to 1971 and 8 from 1971 to 1972. The Winter Bird Survey results were compared with the results from the Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count in the same area. Close correlation was found between the two surveys, but in general the Winter Bird Survey totals are higher except for species that frequent feeding trays and those that are conspicuous along roadsides. The Winter Bird Survey method shows much promise as a means of world-wide monitoring of bird populations; it is urged that field tests be conducted on other continents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Ornithologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Proceedings of the fourth meeting of the International Bird Census Committee and second meeting of the European Ornithological Atlas Committee / editors, J. Pinowski and K. Williamson, held 1972, Warsaw, Poland","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., and Bystrak, D., 1974, The winter bird survey of central Maryland, U.S.A: Acta Ornithologica, v. 14, no. 17, p. 254-271.","productDescription":"254-271","startPage":"254","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e8f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bystrak, D.","contributorId":58220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bystrak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220946,"text":"5220946 - 1974 - The breeding bird atlas of Montgomery County, Maryland, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:00","indexId":"5220946","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:56","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":641,"text":"Acta Ornithologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The breeding bird atlas of Montgomery County, Maryland, USA","docAbstract":"A two-year Breeding Bird Atlas program for Montgomery County was undertaken by the Maryland Ornithological Society in 1971-1972. The county was divided into 65 5 km blocks and each block was assigned to an observer. Preliminary results show 46 to 93 species (mean 66) recorded per 5 km block and from 10 to 52 species (mean 28) confirmed per block. When the data are combined into 10 km block, the number of species recorded ranges from 74 to 97 (mean 88) and the number of confirmed species ranges from 36 to 62 (mean 49). The organizers underestimated the amount of time that would be required for sufficient coverage, and they plan to extend coverage for a third year in order to provide a much firmer basis for future comparisons. Specific suggestions for improving coverage are listed. The advantages of using as small a grid as possible are stressed, and it is recommended that in future Atlas projects each assigned block be subdivided into quarters for more detailed mapping, and especially to enable future changes in bird distribution to be detected more readily.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Ornithologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Proceedings of the fourth meeting of the International Bird Census Committee and second meeting of the European Ornithological Atlas Committee / editors, J. Pinowski and K. Williamson, held 1972, Warsaw, Poland","usgsCitation":"Klimkiewicz, M.K., and Robbins, C., 1974, The breeding bird atlas of Montgomery County, Maryland, USA: Acta Ornithologica, v. 14, no. 37, p. 446-458.","productDescription":"446-458","startPage":"446","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klimkiewicz, M. K.","contributorId":53490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimkiewicz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224970,"text":"5224970 - 1974 - Percutaneous absorption of several chemicals, some pesticides included, in the red-winged blackbird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T16:06:51","indexId":"5224970","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1554,"text":"Environmental Physiology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Percutaneous absorption of several chemicals, some pesticides included, in the red-winged blackbird","docAbstract":"Percutaneous absorption in vivo through the skin of the feet of the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) has been investigated. Absorption after 18-24 hours exposure to 0.01 M solutions of salicylic acid, caffeine, urea, 2,4-D, dieldrin, diethylstilbesterol, and DDT was measured. Of these, only DDT and diethylstilbesterol were not absorbed to a measurable degree. The solvents ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and vegetable oil were compared with water in their effects on the absorption ofcaffeine, urea, and salicylic acid. Ethanol, DMSO,and oil each decreased percutaneous absorption of salicylic acid. DMSO increased absorption of caffeine, and ethanol had no effect on it. Neither DMSO nor ethanol affected penetration of urea. Partition coefficients (K) (epidermis/water) were determined for all seven penetrants. Compounds with higher values of K showed lower percutaneous absorption. These findings suggest that K may be useful to predict percutaneous absorption in vivo. It appears unlikely that percutaneous absorption contributes greatly to the body burden of 2,4-D and dieldrin in A. phoeniceus.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Physiology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"7119_Rogers.pdf","usgsCitation":"Rogers, J., Cagan, R., and Kare, M., 1974, Percutaneous absorption of several chemicals, some pesticides included, in the red-winged blackbird: Environmental Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 4, no. 3, p. 104-111.","productDescription":"104-111","startPage":"104","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b41d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, J.G. 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