{"pageNumber":"614","pageRowStart":"15325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46679,"records":[{"id":70040212,"text":"ds650 - 2012 - Geodatabase of sites, basin boundaries, and topology rules used to store drainage basin boundaries for the U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-25T17:16:18","indexId":"ds650","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"650","title":"Geodatabase of sites, basin boundaries, and topology rules used to store drainage basin boundaries for the U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center","docAbstract":"This geodatabase and its component datasets are part of U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series 650 and were generated to store basin boundaries for U.S. Geological Survey streamgages and other sites in Colorado. The geodatabase and its components were created by the U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center, and are used to derive the numeric drainage areas for Colorado that are input into the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Information System (NWIS) database and also published in the Annual Water Data Report and on NWISWeb. The foundational dataset used to create the basin boundaries in this geodatabase was the National Watershed Boundary Dataset. This geodatabase accompanies a U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods report (Book 11, Section C, Chapter 6) entitled \"Digital Database Architecture and Delineation Methodology for Deriving Drainage Basins, and Comparison of Digitally and Non-Digitally Derived Numeric Drainage Areas.\" The Techniques and Methods report details the geodatabase architecture, describes the delineation methodology and workflows used to develop these basin boundaries, and compares digitally derived numeric drainage areas in this geodatabase to non-digitally derived areas.  1. COBasins.gdb: This geodatabase contains site locations and basin boundaries for Colorado. It includes a single feature dataset, called BasinsFD, which groups the component feature classes and topology rules. 2. BasinsFD: This feature dataset in the \"COBasins.gdb\" geodatabase is a digital container that holds the feature classes used to archive site locations and basin boundaries as well as the topology rules that govern spatial relations within and among component feature classes. This feature dataset includes three feature classes: the sites for which basins have been delineated (the \"Sites\" feature class), basin bounding lines (the \"BasinLines\" feature class), and polygonal basin areas (the \"BasinPolys\" feature class). The feature dataset also stores the topology rules (the \"BasinsFD_Topology\") that constrain the relations within and among component feature classes. The feature dataset also forces any feature classes inside it to have a consistent projection system, which is, in this case, an Albers-Equal-Area projection system. 3. BasinsFD_Topology: This topology contains four persistent topology rules that constrain the spatial relations within the \"BasinLines\" feature class and between the \"BasinLines\" feature class and the \"BasinPolys\" feature classes. 4. Sites: This point feature class contains the digital representations of the site locations for which Colorado Water Science Center basin boundaries have been delineated. This feature class includes point locations for Colorado Water Science Center active (as of September 30, 2009) gages and for other sites. 5. BasinLines: This line feature class contains the perimeters of basins delineated for features in the \"Sites\" feature class, and it also contains information regarding the sources of lines used for the basin boundaries. 6. BasinPolys: This polygon feature class contains the polygonal basin areas delineated for features in the \"Sites\" feature class, and it is used to derive the numeric drainage areas published by the Colorado Water Science Center.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds650","usgsCitation":"Dupree, J.A., and Crowfoot, R.M., 2012, Geodatabase of sites, basin boundaries, and topology rules used to store drainage basin boundaries for the U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 650, HTML Document; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds650.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_650.jpg"},{"id":262405,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/650/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.05,36.983333333333334 ], [ -109.05,41 ], [ -102.03333333333333,41 ], [ -102.03333333333333,36.983333333333334 ], [ -109.05,36.983333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508a5f71e4b07fc5688448cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dupree, Jean A. dupree@usgs.gov","contributorId":2563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"Jean","email":"dupree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowfoot, Richard M. crowfoot@usgs.gov","contributorId":4516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowfoot","given":"Richard","email":"crowfoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040207,"text":"tm11C6 - 2012 - Digital database architecture and delineation methodology for deriving drainage basins, and a comparison of digitally and non-digitally derived numeric drainage areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-05T17:16:22","indexId":"tm11C6","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"11-C6","title":"Digital database architecture and delineation methodology for deriving drainage basins, and a comparison of digitally and non-digitally derived numeric drainage areas","docAbstract":"The drainage basin is a fundamental hydrologic entity used for studies of surface-water resources and during planning of water-related projects. Numeric drainage areas published by the U.S. Geological Survey water science centers in Annual Water Data Reports and on the National Water Information Systems (NWIS) Web site are still primarily derived from hard-copy sources and by manual delineation of polygonal basin areas on paper topographic map sheets. To expedite numeric drainage area determinations, the Colorado Water Science Center developed a digital database structure and a delineation methodology based on the hydrologic unit boundaries in the National Watershed Boundary Dataset. This report describes the digital database architecture and delineation methodology and also presents the results of a comparison of the numeric drainage areas derived using this digital methodology with those derived using traditional, non-digital methods. (Please see report for full Abstract)","largerWorkTitle":"Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data (Book 11)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm11C6","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 6 of Section C in Book 11, Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data, of the USGS Techniques and Methods series.","usgsCitation":"Dupree, J.A., and Crowfoot, R.M., 2012, Digital database architecture and delineation methodology for deriving drainage basins, and a comparison of digitally and non-digitally derived numeric drainage areas: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11-C6, viii, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11C6.","productDescription":"viii, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_11_C6.gif"},{"id":262301,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11c6/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262302,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11c6/tm-11c-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50da388ae4b07a5aecdf24fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dupree, Jean A. dupree@usgs.gov","contributorId":2563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"Jean","email":"dupree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowfoot, Richard M. crowfoot@usgs.gov","contributorId":4516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowfoot","given":"Richard","email":"crowfoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040215,"text":"sir20125224 - 2012 - Simulation of groundwater and surface-water resources and evaluation of water-management alternatives for the Chamokane Creek basin, Stevens County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-05T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20125224","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5224","title":"Simulation of groundwater and surface-water resources and evaluation of water-management alternatives for the Chamokane Creek basin, Stevens County, Washington","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional, transient numerical model of groundwater and surface-water flow was constructed for Chamokane Creek basin to better understand the groundwater-flow system and its relation to surface-water resources. The model described in this report can be used as a tool by water-management agencies and other stakeholders to quantitatively evaluate the effects of potential increases in groundwater pumping on groundwater and surface-water resources in the basin. The Chamokane Creek model was constructed using the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) integrated model, GSFLOW. GSFLOW was developed to simulate coupled groundwater and surface-water resources. The model uses 1,000-foot grid cells that subdivide the model domain by 102 rows and 106 columns. Six hydrogeologic units in the model are represented using eight model layers. Daily precipitation and temperature were spatially distributed and subsequent groundwater recharge was computed within GSFLOW. Streamflows in Chamokane Creek and its major tributaries are simulated in the model by routing streamflow within a stream network that is coupled to the groundwater-flow system. Groundwater pumpage and surface-water diversions and returns specified in the model were derived from monthly and annual pumpage values previously estimated from another component of this study and new data reported by study partners. The model simulation period is water years 1980-2010 (October 1, 1979, to September 30, 2010), but the model was calibrated to the transient conditions for water years 1999-2010 (October 1, 1998, to September 30, 2010). Calibration was completed by using traditional trial-and-error methods and automated parameter-estimation techniques. The model adequately reproduces the measured time-series groundwater levels and daily streamflows. At well observation points, the mean difference between simulated and measured hydraulic heads is 7 feet with a root-mean-square error divided by the total difference in water levels of 4.7 percent. Simulated streamflow was compared to measured streamflow at the USGS streamflow-gaging station-Chamokane Creek below Falls, near Long Lake (12433200). Annual differences between measured and simulated streamflow for the site ranged from -63 to 22 percent. Calibrated model output includes a 31-year estimate of monthly water budget components for the hydrologic system. Five model applications (scenarios) were completed to obtain a better understanding of the relation between groundwater pumping and surface-water resources. The calibrated transient model was used to evaluate: (1) the connection between the upper- and middle-basin groundwater systems, (2) the effect of surface-water and groundwater uses in the middle basin, (3) the cumulative impacts of claims registry use and permit-exempt wells on Chamokane Creek streamflow, (4) the frequency of regulation due to impacted streamflow, and (5) the levels of domestic and stockwater use that can be regulated. The simulation results indicated that streamflow is affected by existing groundwater pumping in the upper and middle basins. Simulated water-management scenarios show streamflow increased relative to historical conditions as groundwater and surface-water withdrawals decreased.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125224","usgsCitation":"Ely, D.M., and Kahle, S.C., 2012, Simulation of groundwater and surface-water resources and evaluation of water-management alternatives for the Chamokane Creek basin, Stevens County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5224, viii; 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125224.","productDescription":"viii; 74 p.","numberOfPages":"86","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5224.jpg"},{"id":262413,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5224/pdf/sir20125224.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262412,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5224/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 11","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Stevens County","otherGeospatial":"Chamokane Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.16666666666667,47.75 ], [ -118.16666666666667,48.18333333333333 ], [ -117.58333333333333,48.18333333333333 ], [ -117.58333333333333,47.75 ], [ -118.16666666666667,47.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4c737e4b0e8fec6ce1174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, D. Matthew","contributorId":100052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kahle, Sue C. 0000-0003-1262-4446 sckahle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-4446","contributorId":3096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"Sue","email":"sckahle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040189,"text":"70040189 - 2012 - Development and application of downscaled hydroclimatic predictor variables for use in climate vulnerability and assessment studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-04T17:16:38","indexId":"70040189","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":293,"text":"Technical Paper","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Development and application of downscaled hydroclimatic predictor variables for use in climate vulnerability and assessment studies","docAbstract":"This paper outlines the production of 270-meter grid-scale maps for 14 climate and derivative hydrologic variables for a region that encompasses the State of California and all the streams that flow into it. The paper describes the Basin Characterization Model (BCM), a map-based, mechanistic model used to process the hydrological variables. Three historic and three future time periods of 30 years (1911–1940, 1941–1970, 1971–2000, 2010–2039, 2040–2069, and 2070–2099) were developed that summarize 180 years of monthly historic and future climate values. These comprise a standardized set of fine-scale climate data that were shared with 14 research groups, including the U.S. National Park Service and several University of California groups as part of this project. We present three analyses done with the outputs from the Basin Characterization Model: trends in hydrologic variables over baseline, the most recent 30-year period; a calibration and validation effort that uses measured discharge values from 139 streamgages and compares those to Basin Characterization Model-derived projections of discharge for the same basins; and an assessment of the trends of specific hydrological variables that links historical trend to projected future change under four future climate projections. Overall, increases in potential evapotranspiration dominate other influences in future hydrologic cycles. Increased potential evapotranspiration drives decreasing runoff even under forecasts with increased precipitation, and drives increased climatic water deficit, which may lead to conversion of dominant vegetation types across large parts of the study region as well as have implications for rain-fed agriculture. The potential evapotranspiration is driven by air temperatures, and the Basin Characterization Model permits it to be integrated with a water balance model that can be derived for landscapes and summarized by watershed. These results show the utility of using a process-based model with modules representing different hydrological pathways that can be inter-linked.","language":"English","publisher":"California Energy Commission's California Climate Change Center","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA","collaboration":"Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program White Paper","usgsCitation":"Thorne, J., Boynton, R., Flint, L., Flint, A., and N’goc Le, T., 2012, Development and application of downscaled hydroclimatic predictor variables for use in climate vulnerability and assessment studies: Technical Paper, vii, 84 p.","productDescription":"vii, 84 p.","numberOfPages":"95","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262295,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://uc-ciee.org/climate-change/3/667/101/nested","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50da2331e4b07a5aecdf1805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorne, James","contributorId":52444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boynton, Ryan","contributorId":36403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boynton","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":97753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, Alan","contributorId":58503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"N’goc Le, Thuy","contributorId":94536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"N’goc Le","given":"Thuy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040192,"text":"sir20125201 - 2012 - Aquifer test at well SMW-1 near Moenkopi, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-04T17:16:38","indexId":"sir20125201","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5201","title":"Aquifer test at well SMW-1 near Moenkopi, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Hopi villages of Lower Moencopi and Upper Moenkopi are on the Hopi Indian Reservation south of Tuba City in northern Arizona. These adjacent Hopi villages, located west and north of the confluence of Pasture Canyon Wash and Moenkopi Wash, are dependent on groundwater withdrawals from three wells that penetrate the N aquifer and from two springs that discharge from the N aquifer. The N aquifer is the principal aquifer in this region of northern Arizona and is composed of thick beds of sandstone between less permeable layers of siltstone and mudstone. The fine-grained character of the N aquifer inhibits rapid movement of water and large yields to wells; however, the aquifer is moderately productive at yields generally less than 25 gallons per minute in the study area. In recent years, the water level has declined in the three public-supply wells and the flow from the springs has decreased, causing concern that the current water supply will not be able to accommodate peak demand and allow for residential and economic growth. In addition to the challenge imposed by declining groundwater levels, the water-supply wells and springs are located about 2 miles downgradient from the Tuba City Landfill site where studies are ongoing to determine if uranium and other metals in groundwater beneath the landfill are higher than regional concentrations in the N aquifer. In August 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Hopi Tribe, conducted an aquifer test on well SMW-1, designed to help the Hopi Tribe determine the potential yield and water quality of the N aquifer south of Moenkopi Wash as a possible source of additional water supply. Well SMW-1 was drilled south of Moenkopi Wash to a depth of 760 feet below land surface before being backfilled and cased to about 300 feet. The well penetrates, in descending order, the Navajo Sandstone and the Kayenta Formation, both units of the N aquifer. The pre-test water level in the well was 99.15 feet below land surface. A 9.25-hour step-drawdown test and a 72-hour constant-rate test followed by recovery tests were used to investigate the performance of the test well and to estimate the transmissivity and potential yield of the N aquifer south of Moenkopi Wash. The test data were analyzed using the Cooper-Jacob method adjusted for confined conditions, the Papadopulos-Cooper method that accounts for wellbore storage, and the Theis method on the recovery data. Results of the tests indicate that in the vicinity of the well, the N aquifer has a transmissivity of about 50 feet squared per day. The test well, as completed, should yield about 15 gallons per minute with about 75 feet of drawdown (less than half of the available saturated thickness of the aquifer at the well).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hopi Tribe","usgsCitation":"Carruth, R., and Bills, D., 2012, Aquifer test at well SMW-1 near Moenkopi, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5201, 11 p.; col. ill.; map (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125201.","productDescription":"11 p.; col. ill.; map (col.)","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5201.gif"},{"id":262282,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5201/sir2012-5201.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262281,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5201/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Moenkopi","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506dba96e4b002b5ec71a847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carruth, Rob 0000-0001-7008-2927 rlcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-2927","contributorId":1162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carruth","given":"Rob","email":"rlcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bills, Donald J. djbills@usgs.gov","contributorId":4180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Donald J.","email":"djbills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040170,"text":"sir20125176B - 2012 - Eruption probabilities for the Lassen Volcanic Center and regional volcanism, northern California, and probabilities for large explosive eruptions in the Cascade Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:10:56","indexId":"sir20125176B","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5176","chapter":"B","title":"Eruption probabilities for the Lassen Volcanic Center and regional volcanism, northern California, and probabilities for large explosive eruptions in the Cascade Range","docAbstract":"Chronologies for eruptive activity of the Lassen Volcanic Center and for eruptions from the regional mafic vents in the surrounding area of the Lassen segment of the Cascade Range are here used to estimate probabilities of future eruptions. For the regional mafic volcanism, the ages of many vents are known only within broad ranges, and two models are developed that should bracket the actual eruptive ages. These chronologies are used with exponential, Weibull, and mixed-exponential probability distributions to match the data for time intervals between eruptions. For the Lassen Volcanic Center, the probability of an eruption in the next year is 1.4x10<sup>-4</sup> for the exponential distribution and 2.3x10<sup>-4</sup> for the mixed exponential distribution. For the regional mafic vents, the exponential distribution gives a probability of an eruption in the next year of 6.5x10<sup>-4</sup>, but the mixed exponential distribution indicates that the current probability, 12,000 years after the last event, could be significantly lower. For the exponential distribution, the highest probability is for an eruption from a regional mafic vent. Data on areas and volumes of lava flows and domes of the Lassen Volcanic Center and of eruptions from the regional mafic vents provide constraints on the probable sizes of future eruptions. Probabilities of lava-flow coverage are similar for the Lassen Volcanic Center and for regional mafic vents, whereas the probable eruptive volumes for the mafic vents are generally smaller. Data have been compiled for large explosive eruptions (>&#8776; 5 km<sup>3</sup> in deposit volume) in the Cascade Range during the past 1.2 m.y. in order to estimate probabilities of eruption. For erupted volumes >&#8776;5 km<sup>3</sup>, the rate of occurrence since 13.6 ka is much higher than for the entire period, and we use these data to calculate the annual probability of a large eruption at 4.6x10<sup>-4</sup>. For erupted volumes &ge;10 km<sup>3</sup>, the rate of occurrence has been reasonably constant from 630 ka to the present, giving more confidence in the estimate, and we use those data to calculate the annual probability of a large eruption in the next year at 1.4x10<sup>-5</sup>.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125176B","collaboration":"See also: SIR 2012-5176-A","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., Clynne, M.A., and Muffler, L.P., 2012, Eruption probabilities for the Lassen Volcanic Center and regional volcanism, northern California, and probabilities for large explosive eruptions in the Cascade Range: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5176, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125176B.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5176_B.gif"},{"id":262239,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5176/b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262240,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5176/b/sir2012-5176-b.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.25,40 ], [ -122.25,41.166666666666664 ], [ -120.91666666666667,41.166666666666664 ], [ -120.91666666666667,40 ], [ -122.25,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d5195e4b002b5ec71a82d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muffler, L.J. Patrick","contributorId":72739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muffler","given":"L.J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040167,"text":"sir20125145 - 2012 - Assessment of the Coal-Bed Gas Total Petroleum System in the Cook Inlet-Susitna region, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:16","indexId":"sir20125145","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5145","title":"Assessment of the Coal-Bed Gas Total Petroleum System in the Cook Inlet-Susitna region, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The Cook Inlet-Susitna region of south-central Alaska contains large quantities of gas-bearing coal of Tertiary age. The U.S. Geological Survey in 2011 completed an assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable coal-bed gas resources underlying the Cook Inlet-Susitna region based on the total petroleum system (TPS) concept. The Cook Inlet Coal-Bed Gas TPS covers about 9,600,000 acres and comprises the Cook Inlet basin, Matanuska Valley, and Susitna lowland. The TPS contains one assessment unit (AU) that was evaluated for coal-bed gas resources between 1,000 and 6,000 feet in depth over an area of about 8,500,000 acres. Coal beds, which serve as both the source and reservoir for natural gas in the AU, were deposited during Paleocene-Pliocene time in mires associated with a large trunk-tributary fluvial system. Thickness of individual coal beds ranges from a few inches to more than 50 feet, with cumulative coal thickness of more than 800 feet in the western part of the basin. Coal rank ranges from lignite to subbituminous, with vitrinite reflectance values less than 0.6 percent throughout much of the AU. The AU is considered hypothetical because only a few wells in the Matanuska Valley have tested the coal-bed reservoirs, so the use of analog coal-bed gas production data was necessary for this assessment. In order to estimate reserves that might be added in the next 30 years, coal beds of the Upper Fort Union Formation in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana were selected as the production analog for Tertiary coal beds in the Cook Inlet-Susitna region. Upper Fort Union coal beds have similar rank (lignite to subbituminous), range of thickness, and coal-quality characteristics as coal beds of the Tertiary Kenai Group. By use of this analog, the mean total estimate of undiscovered coal-bed gas in the Tertiary Coal-Bed Gas AU is 4.674 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of gas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125145","collaboration":"Energy Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Rouse, W.A., and Houseknecht, D.W., 2012, Assessment of the Coal-Bed Gas Total Petroleum System in the Cook Inlet-Susitna region, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5145, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125145.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5145.png"},{"id":262229,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5145/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262230,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5145/pdf/SIR_CookInlet_20125145.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet-susitna","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -154,59 ], [ -154,63 ], [ -148,63 ], [ -148,59 ], [ -154,59 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d5160e4b002b5ec71a81e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rouse, William A. 0000-0002-0790-370X wrouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0790-370X","contributorId":4172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rouse","given":"William","email":"wrouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040141,"text":"70040141 - 2012 - Effects of a non-native biocontrol weevil, Larinus planus, and other emerging threats on populations of the federally threatened Pitcher's thistle, Cirsium pitcheri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:16","indexId":"70040141","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of a non-native biocontrol weevil, Larinus planus, and other emerging threats on populations of the federally threatened Pitcher's thistle, Cirsium pitcheri","docAbstract":"Larinus planus Frabicius (Curculionidae), is a seed-eating weevil that was inadvertently introduced into the US and was subsequently distributed in the US and Canada for the control of noxious thistle species of rangelands. It has been detected recently in the federally threatened Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitcheri). We assayed weevil damage in a natural population of Pitcher's thistle at Whitefish Dunes State Park, Door County, WI and quantified the impact on fecundity. We then estimated the impact of this introduced weevil and other emerging threats on two natural, uninvaded populations of Pitcher's thistle for which we have long-term demographic data for 16 yr (Wilderness State Park, Emmet County, MI) and 23 yr (Miller High Dunes, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter County, IN). We used transition matrices to determine growth rates and project the potential effects of weevil damage, inbreeding, goldfinch predation, and vegetative succession on Pitcher's thistle population viability. Based on our models, weevil seed predation reduced population growth rate by 10&ndash;12%, but this reduction was enough to reduce time to extinction from 24 yr to 13 yr and 8 yr to 5 yr in the MI and IN population, respectively. This impact is particularly severe, given most populations of Pitcher's thistle throughout its range hover near or below replacement. This is the first report of unanticipated ecological impacts from a biocontrol agent on natural populations of Cirsium pitcheri.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.010","usgsCitation":"Havens, K., Jolls, C.L., Marik, J.E., Vitt, P., McEachern, A.K., and Kind, D., 2012, Effects of a non-native biocontrol weevil, Larinus planus, and other emerging threats on populations of the federally threatened Pitcher's thistle, Cirsium pitcheri: Biological Conservation, no. 155, p. 202-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.010.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"211","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262243,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.010"}],"country":"United States","issue":"155","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d5185e4b002b5ec71a827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Havens, Kayri","contributorId":103768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havens","given":"Kayri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jolls, Claudia L.","contributorId":36000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolls","given":"Claudia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marik, Julie E.","contributorId":86214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marik","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vitt, Pati","contributorId":81602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitt","given":"Pati","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McEachern, A. Kathryn","contributorId":30165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kathryn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kind, Darcy","contributorId":92908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kind","given":"Darcy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040166,"text":"sir20125134 - 2012 - Water quality, hydrology, and simulated response to changes in phosphorus loading of Mercer Lake, Iron County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of wastewater discharges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:26:32","indexId":"sir20125134","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5134","title":"Water quality, hydrology, and simulated response to changes in phosphorus loading of Mercer Lake, Iron County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of wastewater discharges","docAbstract":"Mercer Lake is a relatively shallow drainage lake in north-central Wisconsin. The area near the lake has gone through many changes over the past century, including urbanization and industrial development. To try to improve the water quality of the lake, actions have been taken, such as removal of the lumber mill and diversion of all effluent from the sewage treatment plant away from the lake; however, it is uncertain how these actions have affected water quality. Mercer Lake area residents and authorities would like to continue to try to improve the water quality of the lake; however, they would like to place their efforts in the actions that will have the most beneficial effects. To provide a better understanding of the factors affecting the water quality of Mercer Lake, a detailed study of the lake and its watershed was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in collaboration with the Mercer Lake Association. The purposes of the study were to describe the water quality of the lake and the composition of its sediments; quantify the sources of water and phosphorus loading to the lake, including sources associated with wastewater discharges; and evaluate the effects of past and future changes in phosphorus inputs on the water quality of the lake using eutrophication models (models that simulate changes in phosphorus and algae concentrations and water clarity in the lake). Based on analyses of sediment cores and monitoring data collected from the lake, the water quality of Mercer Lake appears to have degraded as a result of the activities in its watershed over the past 100 years. The water quality appears to have improved, however, since a sewage treatment plant was constructed in 1965 and its effluent was routed away from the lake in 1995. Since 2000, when a more consistent monitoring program began, the water quality of the lake appears to have changed very little. During the two monitoring years (MY) 2008-09, the average summer near-surface concentration of total phosphorus was 0.023 mg/L, indicating the lake is borderline mesotrophic-eutrophic, or has moderate to high concentrations of phosphorus, whereas the average summer chlorophyll a concentration was 3.3 mg/L and water clarity, as measured with a Secchi depth, was 10.4 ft, both indicating mesotrophic conditions or that the lake has a moderate amount of algae and water clarity. Although actions have been taken to eliminate the wastewater discharges, the bottom sediment still has slightly elevated concentrations of several pollutants from wastewater discharges, lumber operations, and roadway drainage, and a few naturally occurring metals (such as iron). None of the concentrations, however, were high enough above the defined thresholds to be of concern. Based on nitrogen to phosphorus ratios, the productivity (algal growth) in Mercer Lake should typically be limited by phosphorus; therefore, understanding the phosphorus input to the lake is important when management efforts to improve or prevent degradation of the lake water quality are considered. Total inputs of phosphorus to Mercer Lake were directly estimated for MY 2008-09 at about 340 lb/yr and for a recent year with more typical hydrology at about 475 lb/yr. During these years, the largest sources of phosphorus were from Little Turtle Inlet, which contributed about 45 percent, and the drainage area near the lake containing the adjacent urban and residential developments, which contributed about 24 percent. Prior to 1965, when there was no sewage treatment plant and septic systems and other untreated systems contributed nutrients to the watershed, phosphorus loadings were estimated to be about 71 percent higher than during around 2009. In 1965, a sewage treatment plant was built, but its effluent was released in the downstream end of the lake. Depending on various assumptions on how much effluent was retained in the lake, phosphorus inputs from wastewater may have ranged from 0 to 342 lb. Future highway and stormwater improvements have been identified in the Mercer Infrastructure Improvement Project, and if they are done with the proposed best management practices, then phosphorus inputs to the lake may decrease by about 40 lb. Eutrophication models [Canfield and Bachman model (1981) and Carlson Trophic State Index equations (1977)] were used to predict how the water quality of Mercer Lake should respond to changes in phosphorus loading. A relatively linear response was found between phosphorus loading and phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations in the lake, with changes in phosphorus concentrations being slightly less (about 80 percent) and changes in chlorophyll a concentrations being slightly more (about 120 percent) than the changes in phosphorus loadings to the lake. Water clarity, indicated by Secchi depths, responded more to decreases in phosphorus loading than to increases in loading. Results from the eutrophication models indicated that the lake should have been negatively affected by the wastewater discharges. Prior to 1965, when there was no sewage treatment plant effluent and inputs from the septic systems and other untreated systems were thought to be high, the lake should have been eutrophic; near the surface, average phosphorus concentrations were almost 0.035 mg/L, chlorophyll a concentrations were about 7 &mu;g/L, and Secchi depths were about 6 ft, which agreed with the shallower Secchi depths during this time estimated from the sediment-core analysis. The models indicated that between 1965 and 1995, when the lake retained some of the effluent from the new sewage treatment plant, water quality should have been between the conditions estimated prior to 1965 and what was expected during typical hydrologic conditions around MY 2008-09. The models also indicated that if the future Mercer Infrastructure Improvement Project is conducted with the best management practices as proposed, the water quality in the lake could improve slightly from that measured during 2006-10. Because of the small amount of phosphorus that is presently input into Mercer Lake any additional phosphorus added to the lake could degrade water quality; therefore, management actions can usefully focus on minimizing future phosphorus inputs. Phosphorus released from the sediments of a degraded lake often delays its response to decreases in external phosphorus loading, especially in shallow, frequently mixed systems. Mercer Lake, however, remains stratified throughout most of the summer, and phosphorus released from the sediments represents only about 6 percent, or a small fraction, of the total phosphorus load to the lake. Therefore, the phosphorus trapped in the sediments should minimally affect the long-term water quality of the lake and should not delay the response in its productivity to future changes in nutrient loading from its watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mercer School District","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Garn, H.S., Rose, W., Juckem, P.F., and Reneau, P.C., 2012, Water quality, hydrology, and simulated response to changes in phosphorus loading of Mercer Lake, Iron County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of wastewater discharges: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5134, viii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125134.","productDescription":"viii, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5134.png"},{"id":262227,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262228,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5134/pdf/MercerLake_SIR20125134.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"40000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Iron","otherGeospatial":"Mercer Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.11666666666666,46.15 ], [ -90.11666666666666,46.25 ], [ -89.96666666666667,46.25 ], [ -89.96666666666667,46.15 ], [ -90.11666666666666,46.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d51d2e4b002b5ec71a842","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garn, Herbert S. hsgarn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garn","given":"Herbert","email":"hsgarn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juckem, Paul F. 0000-0002-3613-1761 pfjuckem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-1761","contributorId":1905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"Paul","email":"pfjuckem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reneau, Paul C. 0000-0002-1335-7573 pcreneau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1335-7573","contributorId":4385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reneau","given":"Paul","email":"pcreneau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040161,"text":"ofr20121191 - 2012 - Measurement of near-surface seismic compressional wave velocities using refraction tomography at a proposed construction site on the Presidio of Monterey, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr20121191","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1191","title":"Measurement of near-surface seismic compressional wave velocities using refraction tomography at a proposed construction site on the Presidio of Monterey, California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is determining the feasibility of constructing a new barracks building on the U.S. Army Presidio of Monterey in Monterey, California. Due to the presence of an endangered orchid in the proposed area, invasive techniques such as exploratory drill holes are prohibited. To aid in determining the feasibility, budget, and design of this building, a compressional-wave seismic refraction survey was proposed by the U.S. Geological Survey as an alternative means of investigating the depth to competent bedrock. Two sub-parallel profiles were acquired along an existing foot path and a fence line to minimize impacts on the endangered flora. The compressional-wave seismic refraction tomography data for both profiles indicate that no competent rock classified as non-rippable or marginally rippable exists within the top 30 feet beneath the ground surface.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121191","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Powers, M.H., and Burton, B., 2012, Measurement of near-surface seismic compressional wave velocities using refraction tomography at a proposed construction site on the Presidio of Monterey, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1191, iii; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121191.","productDescription":"iii; 17 p.","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1191.gif"},{"id":262220,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262221,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1191/OF12-1191.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Monterey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.9,36.56666666666667 ], [ -121.9,36.6 ], [ -121.86666666666666,36.6 ], [ -121.86666666666666,36.56666666666667 ], [ -121.9,36.56666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d51b7e4b002b5ec71a839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040152,"text":"70040152 - 2012 - Geogenic sources of benzene in aquifers used for public supply, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T14:13:26","indexId":"70040152","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geogenic sources of benzene in aquifers used for public supply, California","docAbstract":"Statistical evaluation of two large statewide data sets from the California State Water Board's Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program (1973 wells) and the California Department of Public Health (12417 wells) reveals that benzene occurs infrequently (1.7%) and at generally low concentrations (median detected concentration of 0.024 &mu;g/L) in groundwater used for public supply in California. When detected, benzene is more often related to geogenic (45% of detections) than anthropogenic sources (27% of detections). Similar relations are evident for the sum of 17 hydrocarbons analyzed. Benzene occurs most frequently and at the highest concentrations in old, brackish, and reducing groundwater; the detection frequency was 13.0% in groundwater with tritium &#60;1 pCi/L, specific conductance &#62;1600 &mu;S/cm, and anoxic conditions. This groundwater is typically deep (&#62;180 m). Benzene occurs somewhat less frequently in recent, shallow, and reducing groundwater; the detection frequency was 2.6% in groundwater with tritium &#8805;1 pCi/L, depth &#60;30 m, and anoxic conditions. Evidence for geogenic sources of benzene include: higher concentrations and detection frequencies with increasing well depth, groundwater age, and proximity to oil and gas fields; and higher salinity and lower chloride/iodide ratios in old groundwater with detections of benzene, consistent with interactions with oil-field brines.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es302024c","usgsCitation":"Landon, M.K., and Belitz, K., 2012, Geogenic sources of benzene in aquifers used for public supply, California: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 16, p. 8689-8697, https://doi.org/10.1021/es302024c.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"8689","endPage":"8697","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262214,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es302024c"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"46","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d519de4b002b5ec71a830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70118530,"text":"70118530 - 2012 - Fault geometry and cumulative offsets in the central Coast Ranges, California: Evidence for northward increasing slip along the San Gregorio-San Simeon-Hosgri fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T09:39:35","indexId":"70118530","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T09:38:16","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2626,"text":"Lithosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault geometry and cumulative offsets in the central Coast Ranges, California: Evidence for northward increasing slip along the San Gregorio-San Simeon-Hosgri fault","docAbstract":"Estimates of the dip, depth extent, and amount of cumulative displacement along the major faults in the central California Coast Ranges are controversial. We use detailed aeromagnetic data to estimate these parameters for the San Gregorio–San Simeon–Hosgri and other faults. The recently acquired aeromagnetic data provide an areally consistent data set that crosses the onshore-offshore transition without disruption, which is particularly important for the mostly offshore San Gregorio–San Simeon–Hosgri fault. Our modeling, constrained by exposed geology and in some cases, drill-hole and seismic-reflection data, indicates that the San Gregorio–San Simeon–Hosgri and Reliz-Rinconada faults dip steeply throughout the seismogenic crust. Deviations from steep dips may result from local fault interactions, transfer of slip between faults, or overprinting by transpression since the late Miocene. Given that such faults are consistent with predominantly strike-slip displacement, we correlate geophysical anomalies offset by these faults to estimate cumulative displacements. We find a northward increase in right-lateral displacement along the San Gregorio–San Simeon–Hosgri fault that is mimicked by Quaternary slip rates. Although overall slip rates have decreased over the lifetime of the fault, the pattern of slip has not changed. Northward increase in right-lateral displacement is balanced in part by slip added by faults, such as the Reliz-Rinconada, Oceanic–West Huasna, and (speculatively) Santa Ynez River faults to the east.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lithosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/L233.1","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Graymer, R., Colgan, J., Wentworth, C., and Stanley, R., 2012, Fault geometry and cumulative offsets in the central Coast Ranges, California: Evidence for northward increasing slip along the San Gregorio-San Simeon-Hosgri fault: Lithosphere, v. 5, no. 1, p. 29-48, https://doi.org/10.1130/L233.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/l233.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291248,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/L233.1"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f47fe4b0bc0bec0a0ff9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graymer, R. W.","contributorId":21174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colgan, J.P.","contributorId":71678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wentworth, C. M. 0000-0003-2569-569X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":106466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stanley, R. G. 0000-0001-6192-8783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":77123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040156,"text":"fs20123113 - 2012 - Understanding beach health throughout the Great Lakes -- continuing research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:16","indexId":"fs20123113","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3113","title":"Understanding beach health throughout the Great Lakes -- continuing research","docAbstract":"The overall mission of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Beach Health Initiative is to provide science-based information and methods that will allow beach managers to more accurately make beach closure and advisory decisions, understand the sources and physical processes affecting beach contaminants, and understand how science-based information can be used to mitigate and restore beaches and protect the public. \nThe USGS, in collaboration with many Federal, State, and local agencies and universities, has conducted research on beach-health issues in the Great Lakes Region for more than a decade. The work consists of four science elements that align with the initiative's mission: real-time assessments of water quality; coastal processes; pathogens and source tracking; and data analysis, interpretation, and communication. The ongoing or completed research for each of these elements is described in this fact sheet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123113","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012, Understanding beach health throughout the Great Lakes -- continuing research: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3113, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123113.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3113.jpg"},{"id":262200,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262201,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3113/pdf/fs2012-3113.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin;New York;Michigan;Ohio;Indiana","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506c020ae4b05073318eeadf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040155,"text":"sir20125151 - 2012 - Spatial and temporal trends in runoff at long-term streamgages within and near the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-06T23:08:07.748441","indexId":"sir20125151","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5151","title":"Spatial and temporal trends in runoff at long-term streamgages within and near the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","docAbstract":"Long-term streamflow data within the Chesapeake Bay watershed and surrounding area were analyzed in an attempt to identify trends in streamflow. Data from 30 streamgages near and within the Chesapeake Bay watershed were selected from 1930 through 2010 for analysis. Streamflow data were converted to runoff and trend slopes in percent change per decade were calculated. Trend slopes for three runoff statistics (the 7-day minimum, the mean, and the 1-day maximum) were analyzed annually and seasonally. The slopes also were analyzed both spatially and temporally. The spatial results indicated that trend slopes in the northern half of the watershed were generally greater than those in the southern half. The temporal analysis was done by splitting the 80-year flow record into two subsets; records for 28 streamgages were analyzed for 1930 through 1969 and records for 30 streamgages were analyzed for 1970 through 2010. The mean of the data for all sites for each year were plotted so that the following datasets were analyzed: the 7-day minimum runoff for the north, the 7-day minimum runoff for the south, the mean runoff for the north, the mean runoff for the south, the 1-day maximum runoff for the north, and the 1-day maximum runoff for the south. Results indicated that the period 1930 through 1969 was statistically different from the period 1970 through 2010. For the 7-day minimum runoff and the mean runoff, the latter period had significantly higher streamflow than did the earlier period, although within those two periods no significant linear trends were identified. For the 1-day maximum runoff, no step trend or linear trend could be shown to be statistically significant for the north, although the south showed a mixture of an upward step trend accompanied by linear downtrends within the periods. In no case was a change identified that indicated an increasing rate of change over time, and no general pattern was identified of hydrologic conditions becoming \"more extreme\" over time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125151","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Office of Surface Water Investigations","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., and Hirsch, R.M., 2012, Spatial and temporal trends in runoff at long-term streamgages within and near the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5151, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125151.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"66","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science 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rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040150,"text":"70040150 - 2012 - Sources of fecal indicator bacteria to groundwater, Malibu Lagoon and the near-shore ocean, Malibu, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-02T17:16:14","indexId":"70040150","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":791,"text":"Annals of Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of fecal indicator bacteria to groundwater, Malibu Lagoon and the near-shore ocean, Malibu, California, USA","docAbstract":"Onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) used to treat residential and commercial sewage near Malibu, California have been implicated as a possible source of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) to Malibu Lagoon and the near-shore ocean. For this to occur, treated wastewater must first move through groundwater before discharging to the Lagoon or ocean. In July 2009 and April 2010, &delta;<sup>18</sup>O and &delta;D data showed that some samples from water-table wells contained as much as 70% wastewater; at that time FIB concentrations in those samples were generally less than the detection limit of 1 Most Probable Number (MPN) per 100 milliliters (mL). In contrast, Malibu Lagoon had total coliform, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and enterococci concentrations as high as 650,000, 130,000, and 5,500 MPN per 100 mL, respectively, and as many as 12% of samples from nearby ocean beaches exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency single sample enterococci standard for marine recreational water of 104 MPN per 100 mL. Human-associated <i>Bacteroidales</i>, an indicator of human-fecal contamination, were not detected in water from wells, Malibu Lagoon, or the near-shore ocean. Similarly, microarray (PhyloChip) data show <i>Bacteroidales</i> and <i>Fimicutes</i> Operational Taxanomic Units (OTUs) present in OWTS were largely absent in groundwater; in contrast, 50% of <i>Bacteroidales</i> and <i>Fimicutes</i> OTUs present in the near-shore ocean were also present in gull feces. Terminal-Restriction Length Fragment Polymorphism (T-RFLP) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) data showed that microbial communities in groundwater were different and less abundant than communities in OWTS, Malibu Lagoon, or the near-shore ocean. However, organic compounds indicative of wastewater (such as fecal sterols, bisphenol-A and cosmetics) were present in groundwater having a high percentage of wastewater and were present in groundwater discharging to the ocean. FIB in the near-shore ocean varied with tides, ocean swells, and waves. Movement of water from Malibu Lagoon through the sand berm at the mouth of the Lagoon contributed FIB to the adjacent beach at low tide. Similar increases in FIB concentrations did not occur at beaches adjacent to unsewered residential development, although wastewater indicator compounds and radon-222 (indicative of groundwater discharge) were present. High FIB concentrations at high tide were not related to groundwater discharge, but may be related to FIB associated with debris accumulated along the high-tide line.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Environmental Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern University","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Swarzenski, P.W., Burton, C., Van De Werfhorst, L., Holden, P.A., and Dubinsky, E.A., 2012, Sources of fecal indicator bacteria to groundwater, Malibu Lagoon and the near-shore ocean, Malibu, California, USA: Annals of Environmental Science, v. 6.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262185,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20002615","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262186,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://iris.lib.neu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1092&context=aes","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Malibu","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.7,34.0175 ], [ -118.7,34.034166666666664 ], [ -118.6675,34.034166666666664 ], [ -118.6675,34.0175 ], [ -118.7,34.0175 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506c01ebe4b05073318eead3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van De Werfhorst, Laurie","contributorId":101138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van De Werfhorst","given":"Laurie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holden, Patricia A.","contributorId":56090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holden","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dubinsky, Eric A.","contributorId":60069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubinsky","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040125,"text":"sir20125144 - 2012 - Preliminary assessment of water chemistry related to groundwater flooding in Wawarsing, New York, 2009-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-12T15:38:34","indexId":"sir20125144","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5144","title":"Preliminary assessment of water chemistry related to groundwater flooding in Wawarsing, New York, 2009-11","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality samples collected in an area prone to groundwater flooding in Wawarsing, New York, were analyzed and assessed to better understand the hydrologic system and to aid in the assessment of contributing water sources. Above average rainfall over the past decade, and the presence of a pressurized water tunnel that passes about 700 feet beneath Wawarsing, could both contribute to groundwater flooding. Water samples were collected from surface-water bodies, springs, and wells and analyzed for major and trace inorganic constituents, dissolved gases, age tracers, and stable isotopes. Distinct differences in chemistry exist between tunnel water and groundwater in unconsolidated deposits and in bedrock, and among groundwater samples collected from some bedrock wells during high head pressure and low head pressure of the Rondout-West Branch Tunnel. Samples from bedrock wells generally had relatively higher concentrations of sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and lower concentrations of calcium (Ca) and bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), as compared to unconsolidated wells. Differences in stable-isotope ratios among oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 (&delta;<sup>18</sup>O), hydrogen-2 to hydrogen-1 (&delta;<sup>2</sup>H), sulfur-34 to sulfur-32(&delta;<sup>34</sup>S) of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, Sr-87 to Sr-86 (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr), and C-13 to C-12 (&delta;<sup>13</sup>C) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) indicate a potential for distinguishing water in the Delaware-West Branch Tunnel from native groundwater. For example, <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios were more depleted in groundwater samples from most bedrock wells, as compared to samples from surface-water sources, springs, and wells screened in unconsolidated deposits in the study area. Age-tracer data provided useful information on pathways of the groundwater-flow system, but were limited by inherent problems with dissolved gases in bedrock wells. The sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) and (or) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) apparent recharge years of most water samples from wells screened in unconsolidated deposits and springs ranged from 2003 to 2010 (current) and indicate short flow paths from the point of groundwater recharge. All but three of the samples from bedrock wells had interference problems with dissolved gases, mainly caused by excess air from degassing of hydrogen sulfide and methane. The SF<sub>6</sub> and (or) CFC apparent recharge years of samples from three of the bedrock wells ranged from the 1940s to the early 2000s; the sample with the early 2000s recharge year was from a flowing artesian well that was chemically similar to water samples collected at the influent to the tunnel at Rondout Reservoir and the most hydraulically responsive to water tunnel pressure compared to other bedrock wells. Data described in this report can be used, together with hydrogeologic data, to improve the understanding of source waters and groundwater-flow patterns and pathways, and to help assess the mixing of different source waters in water samples. Differences in stable isotope ratios, major and trace constituent concentrations, saturation indexes, tritium concentrations, and apparent groundwater ages will be used to estimate the proportion of water that originates from Rondout-West Branch Tunnel leakage.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Brown, C., Eckhardt, D.A., Stumm, F., and Chu, A., 2012, Preliminary assessment of water chemistry related to groundwater flooding in Wawarsing, New York, 2009-11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5144, x, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125144.","productDescription":"x, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5144.gif"},{"id":262195,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5144/pdf/sir2012-5144.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262194,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Wawarsing","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.25,41 ], [ -76.25,42 ], [ -73,42 ], [ -73,41 ], [ -76.25,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506c01e1e4b05073318eead0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Craig J.","contributorId":104450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Craig J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eckhardt, David A. daeckhar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhardt","given":"David","email":"daeckhar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chu, Anthony 0000-0001-8623-2862 achu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-2862","contributorId":2517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Anthony","email":"achu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048660,"text":"70048660 - 2012 - Modelling ecological flow regime: an example from the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-11T15:02:31","indexId":"70048660","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T14:56:33","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling ecological flow regime: an example from the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins","docAbstract":"Predictive equations were developed for 19 ecologically relevant streamflow characteristics within five major groups of flow variables (magnitude, ratio, frequency, variability, and date) for use in the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins using stepbackward regression. Basin characteristics explain 50% or more of the variation for 12 of the 19 equations. Independent variables identified through stepbackward regression were statistically significant in 78 of 304 cases (α > 0.0001) and represent four major groups: climate, physical landscape features, regional indicators, and land use. Of these groups, the regional and climate variables were the most influential for determining hydrologic response. Daily temperature range, geologic factor, and rock depth were major factors explaining the variability in 17, 15, and 13 equations, respectively. The equations and independent datasets were used to explore the broad relation between basin properties and streamflow and the implication of streamflow to the study of ecological flow requirements. Key results include a high degree of hydrologic variability among least disturbed Blue Ridge streams, similar hydrologic behaviour for watersheds with widely varying degrees of forest cover, and distinct hydrologic profiles for streams in different geographic regions. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecohydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.246","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., Gain, W.S., and Wolfe, W., 2012, Modelling ecological flow regime: an example from the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins: Ecohydrology, v. 5, no. 5, p. 613-627, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.246.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"627","ipdsId":"IP-023745","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282282,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.246"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Georgia;Kentucky;Mississippi;North Carolina;Tennessee;Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Tennessee And Cumberland River Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.31,34.44 ], [ -90.31,37.06 ], [ -80.86,37.06 ], [ -80.86,34.44 ], [ -90.31,34.44 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd67f3e4b0b29085101b79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, Rodney R. rrknight@usgs.gov","contributorId":2272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rodney R.","email":"rrknight@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gain, W. Scott wsgain@usgs.gov","contributorId":346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gain","given":"W.","email":"wsgain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":485321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William J.","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70102821,"text":"70102821 - 2012 - Seeing the light: the effects of particles, dissolved materials, and temperature on in situ measurements of DOM fluorescence in rivers and streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-13T16:05:15","indexId":"70102821","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T13:38:14","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seeing the light: the effects of particles, dissolved materials, and temperature on in situ measurements of DOM fluorescence in rivers and streams","docAbstract":"Field-deployable sensors designed to continuously measure the fluorescence of colored dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in situ are of growing interest. However, the ability to make FDOM measurements that are comparable across sites and over time requires a clear understanding of how instrument characteristics and environmental conditions affect the measurements. In particular, the effects of water temperature and light attenuation by both colored dissolved material and suspended particles may be significant in settings such as rivers and streams. Using natural standard reference materials, we characterized the performance of four commercially-available FDOM sensors under controlled laboratory conditions over ranges of temperature, dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations, and turbidity that spanned typical environmental ranges. We also examined field data from several major rivers to assess how often attenuation artifacts or temperature effects might be important. We found that raw (uncorrected) FDOM values were strongly affected by the light attenuation that results from dissolved substances and suspended particles as well as by water temperature. Observed effects of light attenuation and temperature agreed well with theory. Our results show that correction of measured FDOM values to account for these effects is necessary and feasible over much of the range of temperature, DOM concentration, and turbidity commonly encountered in surface waters. In most cases, collecting high-quality FDOM measurements that are comparable through time and between sites will require concurrent measurements of temperature and turbidity, and periodic discrete sample collection for laboratory measurement of DOM.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lom.2012.10.767","usgsCitation":"Downing, B.D., Pellerin, B., Bergamaschi, B., Saraceno, J., and Kraus, T., 2012, Seeing the light: the effects of particles, dissolved materials, and temperature on in situ measurements of DOM fluorescence in rivers and streams: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 10, p. 767-775, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.767.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"775","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-032741","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.767","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286535,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.767"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535a326ee4b0d08644962750","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A.","contributorId":58385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":71686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":92410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70074266,"text":"70074266 - 2012 - Direct geoelectrical evidence of mass transfer at the laboratory scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-29T11:19:14","indexId":"70074266","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct geoelectrical evidence of mass transfer at the laboratory scale","docAbstract":"Previous field-scale experimental data and numerical modeling suggest that the dual-domain mass transfer (DDMT) of electrolytic tracers has an observable geoelectrical signature. Here we present controlled laboratory experiments confirming the electrical signature of DDMT and demonstrate the use of time-lapse electrical measurements in conjunction with concentration measurements to estimate the parameters controlling DDMT, i.e., the mobile and immobile porosity and rate at which solute exchanges between mobile and immobile domains. We conducted column tracer tests on unconsolidated quartz sand and a material with a high secondary porosity: the zeolite clinoptilolite. During NaCl tracer tests we collected nearly colocated bulk direct-current electrical conductivity (σ<sub>b</sub>) and fluid conductivity (σ<sub>f</sub>) measurements. Our results for the zeolite show (1) extensive tailing and (2) a hysteretic relation between σ<sub>f</sub> and σ<sub>b</sub>, thus providing evidence of mass transfer not observed within the quartz sand. To identify best-fit parameters and evaluate parameter sensitivity, we performed over 2700 simulations of σ<sub>f</sub>, varying the immobile and mobile domain and mass transfer rate. We emphasized the fit to late-time tailing by minimizing the Box-Cox power transformed root-mean square error between the observed and simulated σ<sub>f</sub>. Low-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements provide an independent quantification of the volumes of the mobile and immobile domains. The best-fit parameters based on σ<sub>f</sub> match the NMR measurements of the immobile and mobile domain porosities and provide the first direct electrical evidence for DDMT. Our results underscore the potential of using electrical measurements for DDMT parameter inference.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2012WR012431","usgsCitation":"Swanson, R.D., Singha, K., Day-Lewis, F.D., Binley, A., Keating, K., and Haggerty, R., 2012, Direct geoelectrical evidence of mass transfer at the laboratory scale: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 10, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012431.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041013","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281607,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012431"}],"volume":"48","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5522e4b0b290850f625d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Ryan D.","contributorId":39284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binley, Andrew","contributorId":83022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binley","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keating, Kristina","contributorId":34018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"Kristina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haggerty, Roy","contributorId":102631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggerty","given":"Roy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040325,"text":"pp1650F - 2012 - Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America&mdash;<i>Modern data for climatic estimation from vegetation inventories</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T14:10:11.854947","indexId":"pp1650F","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T08:42:33","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1650","chapter":"F","title":"Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America&mdash;<i>Modern data for climatic estimation from vegetation inventories</i>","docAbstract":"Vegetation inventories (plant taxa present in a vegetation assemblage at a given site) can be used to estimate climatic parameters based on the identification of the range of a given parameter where all taxa in an assemblage overlap (\"Mutual Climatic Range\"). For the reconstruction of past climates from fossil or subfossil plant assemblages, we assembled the data necessary for such analyses for 530 woody plant taxa and eight climatic parameters in North America. Here we present examples of how these data can be used to obtain paleoclimatic estimates from botanical data in a straightforward, simple, and robust fashion. We also include matrices of climate parameter versus occurrence or nonoccurrence of the individual taxa. These relations are depicted graphically as histograms of the population distributions of the occurrences of a given taxon plotted against a given climatic parameter. This provides a new method for quantification of paleoclimatic parameters from fossil plant assemblages.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1650F","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.S., Anderson, K.H., Pelltier, R.T., Strickland, L.E., Shafer, S., and Bartlein, P.J., 2012, Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America&mdash;<i>Modern data for climatic estimation from vegetation inventories</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1650, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1650F.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262579,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1650-f/Introduction.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262578,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1650-f/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262588,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1650_F.gif"},{"id":419974,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FPD80E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"A gridded database of the modern distributions of climate, woody plant taxa, and ecoregions for the continental United States and Canada"}],"country":"Canada;United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0000,21.9000 ], [ 173.0000,80.3000 ], [ -51.5000,80.3000 ], [ -51.5000,21.9000 ], [ 173.0000,21.9000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d85b65e4b0064e695a1419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Katherine H. 0000-0003-2677-6109","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-6109","contributorId":52556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pelltier, Richard T. 0000-0001-8322-7961 rtpelltier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8322-7961","contributorId":4683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pelltier","given":"Richard","email":"rtpelltier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strickland, Laura E. 0000-0002-1958-7273 lstrickland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-7273","contributorId":4682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"Laura","email":"lstrickland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah L.","contributorId":32623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bartlein, Patrick J.","contributorId":106879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlein","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70043949,"text":"70043949 - 2012 - Genetic differences between hatchery and wild steelhead for survival, growth, dispersal, and male maturation in a natural stream (Study site: Twenty-Mile Creek; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery and Selway River wild; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T15:19:29.551622","indexId":"70043949","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"chapter":"3","title":"Genetic differences between hatchery and wild steelhead for survival, growth, dispersal, and male maturation in a natural stream (Study site: Twenty-Mile Creek; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery and Selway River wild; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","docAbstract":"<p>This study was initiated in the early 1990s to provide managers with data comparing genetic fitness for natural rearing, as measured by survival of juveniles in freshwater, between steelhead <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery and wild steelhead from the Clearwater River, Idaho. We artificially spawned hatchery steelhead and wild steelhead from the Selway River, a Clearwater River tributary, released the resulting genetically marked (at the PEPA allozyme locus) progeny (HxH, HxW from hatchery females and wild males, and WxW) as unfed fry in a second order tributary of the South Fork Clearwater River, and monitored fish residing in the stream or emigrating from it for five years. Barrier falls prevented access to the stream by naturally produced steelhead. Over 90% of the emigrants were one or two years of age and too small to be smolts (mean fork length at age-2 = 103 mm). Per fry released, the HxH cross produced 0.64-0.83 times as many emigrants as the WxW cross (P&lt;0.05). The HxH cross produced 0.63 times as many age-4 residuals as the WxW cross for one year-class (P=0.051) and 0.68 times as many for the other (ns). Survival from age-1 to age-4 was lower for HxH than for WxW residuals of one year-class (P&lt;0.05) and survival from age-2 to age-4 may have been lower for HxH than for WxW residuals of the other (P=0.062). Collectively, these results indicate lower survival for HxH than for WxW fish. Size was often greater for HxH than for WxW fish indicating faster growth for the former, and condition factor was also usually greater for HxH than for WxW fish. Dispersal of fry from release sites and emigration of one- and two-year olds from the study stream were greater for WxW than for HxH fish, and apparently neither was from competitive displacement of small by larger fish. Incidence of flowing milt was higher for HxH than for WxW fish at age-2. Peak incidence of flowing milt for older residuals was similar among crosses (about 50%), but the peak occurred at greater size and age for WxW than for HxH residuals. HxW fish were intermediate between HxH and WxW fish, not similar to HxH fish, in survival, growth, condition, dispersal, and maturation, so differences among crosses likely resulted from additive genetic differences between the hatchery and wild populations rather than from maternal differences between hatchery and wild females. During our study, local managers decided against supplementing most wild steelhead populations in the Clearwater basin. Our study indicates that supplementing with Dworshak Hatchery fish is likely to reduce the fitness of wild populations through interbreeding and therefore supports that decision.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S.P., Reisenbichler, R.R., Hensleigh, J.E., Wetzel, L.A., Baker, B.M., Leonetti, F., Stenberg, K.D., and Slatton, S.L., 2012, Genetic differences between hatchery and wild steelhead for survival, growth, dispersal, and male maturation in a natural stream (Study site: Twenty-Mile Creek; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery and Selway River wild; Year classes: 1994 and 1995), 49 p.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"173","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-06-01","ipdsId":"IP-029916","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Twenty-Mile Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.2408447265625,\n              44.98811302615805\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2408447265625,\n              46.50973514453879\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.2740478515625,\n              46.50973514453879\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.2740478515625,\n              44.98811302615805\n            ],\n            [\n              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lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628674,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628675,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hensleigh, Jay E.","contributorId":118799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensleigh","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, Bruce M. bakerb@usgs.gov","contributorId":116696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Bruce","email":"bakerb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leonetti, Frank Frank","contributorId":119970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonetti","given":"Frank","suffix":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stenberg, Karl D. 0000-0001-9802-2707 kstenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9802-2707","contributorId":3747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenberg","given":"Karl","email":"kstenberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Slatton, Stacey L.","contributorId":169151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slatton","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70155227,"text":"70155227 - 2012 - Determining the source and genetic fingerprint of natural gases using noble gas geochemistry: a northern Appalachian Basin case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T11:20:15","indexId":"70155227","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining the source and genetic fingerprint of natural gases using noble gas geochemistry: a northern Appalachian Basin case study","docAbstract":"<p><span>Silurian and Devonian natural gas reservoirs present within New York state represent an example of unconventional gas accumulations within the northern Appalachian Basin. These unconventional energy resources, previously thought to be noneconomically viable, have come into play following advances in drilling (i.e., horizontal drilling) and extraction (i.e., hydraulic fracturing) capabilities. Therefore, efforts to understand these and other domestic and global natural gas reserves have recently increased. The suspicion of fugitive mass migration issues within current Appalachian production fields has catalyzed the need to develop a greater understanding of the genetic grouping (source) and migrational history of natural gases in this area. We introduce new noble gas data in the context of published hydrocarbon carbon (C</span><span>1</span><span>,C</span><span>2+</span><span>) (</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C) data to explore the genesis of thermogenic gases in the Appalachian Basin. This study includes natural gases from two distinct genetic groups: group 1, Upper Devonian (Marcellus shale and Canadaway Group) gases generated in situ, characterized by early mature (</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA2.JPG\" alt=\"Delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C[</span><span>C1&nbsp;<img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" />&nbsp;C2</span><span>][</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>1</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" /><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>2</span><span>]:&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/LT.JPG\" alt=\"lt\" /><span>&ndash;9</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/PERMIL.JPG\" alt=\"permil\" /><span>), isotopically light methane, with low (</span><span>4</span><span>He) (average, 1&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/TIMES.JPG\" alt=\"times\" /><span>&nbsp;10</span><span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" />3</span><span>&nbsp;cc/cc) elevated&nbsp;</span><span>4</span><span>He/</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span>21</span><span>Ne</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>/</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>&nbsp;(where the asterisk denotes excess radiogenic or nucleogenic production beyond the atmospheric ratio), and a variable, atmospherically (air-saturated&ndash;water) derived noble gas component; and group 2, a migratory natural gas that emanated from Lower Ordovician source rocks (i.e., most likely, Middle Ordovician Trenton or Black River group) that is currently hosted primarily in Lower Silurian sands (i.e., Medina or Clinton group) characterized by isotopically heavy, mature methane (</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA2.JPG\" alt=\"Delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>[C1 &ndash; C2]</span><span>&nbsp;[</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>1</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" /><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>2</span><span>]:&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/GT.JPG\" alt=\"gt\" /><span>3</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/PERMIL.JPG\" alt=\"permil\" /><span>), with high (</span><span>4</span><span>He) (average, 1.85&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/TIMES.JPG\" alt=\"times\" /><span>&nbsp;10</span><span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" />3</span><span>&nbsp;cc/cc)&nbsp;</span><span>4</span><span>He/</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span>21</span><span>Ne</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>/</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>&nbsp;near crustal production levels and elevated crustal noble gas content (enriched&nbsp;</span><span>4</span><span>He,</span><span>21</span><span>Ne</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>,&nbsp;</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>). Because the release of each crustal noble gas (i.e., He, Ne, Ar) from mineral grains in the shale matrix is regulated by temperature, natural gases obtain and retain a record of the thermal conditions of the source rock. Therefore, noble gases constitute a valuable technique for distinguishing the genetic source and post-genetic processes of natural gases.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03161211093","usgsCitation":"Hunt, A.G., Darrah, T.H., and Poreda, R.J., 2012, Determining the source and genetic fingerprint of natural gases using noble gas geochemistry: a northern Appalachian Basin case study: AAPG Bulletin, v. 96, no. 10, p. 1785-1811, https://doi.org/10.1306/03161211093.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1785","endPage":"1811","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035235","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New  York","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.771728515625,\n              41.9921602333763\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.771728515625,\n              44.645208223744035\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.640869140625,\n              44.645208223744035\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.640869140625,\n              41.9921602333763\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.771728515625,\n              41.9921602333763\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333abe4b033ef52106a87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darrah, Thomas H.","contributorId":145769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darrah","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Poreda, Robert J.","contributorId":37797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70039757,"text":"70039757 - 2012 - Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T14:38:39","indexId":"70039757","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality","docAbstract":"<p>s the climate changes, drought may reduce tree productivity and survival across many forest ecosystems; however, the relative influence of specific climate parameters on forest decline is poorly understood. We derive a forest drought-stress index (FDSI) for the southwestern United States using a comprehensive tree-ring data set representing AD 1000-2007. The FDSI is approximately equally influenced by the warm-season vapour-pressure deficit (largely controlled by temperature) and cold-season precipitation, together explaining 82% of the FDSI variability. Correspondence between the FDSI and measures of forest productivity, mortality, bark-beetle outbreak and wildfire validate the FDSI as a holistic forest-vigour indicator. If the vapour-pressure deficit continues increasing as projected by climate models, the mean forest drought-stress by the 2050s will exceed that of the most severe droughts in the past 1,000 years. Collectively, the results foreshadow twenty-first-century changes in forest structures and compositions, with transition of forests in the southwestern United States, and perhaps water-limited forests globally, towards distributions unfamiliar to modern civilization.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nclimate1693","usgsCitation":"Williams, A.P., Allen, C.D., Macalady, A.K., Griffin, D., Woodhouse, C.A., Meko, D.M., Swetnam, T.W., Rauscher, S.A., Seager, R., Grissino-Mayer, H.D., Dean, J.S., Cook, E.R., Gangodagamage, C., Cai, M., and McDowell, N., 2012, Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality: Nature Climate Change, v. 3, p. 292-297, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1693.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"297","ipdsId":"IP-040354","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-b9ec-8z87","text":"External Repository"},{"id":268101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512b44c5e4b0523e997a81e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, A. Park","contributorId":200207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Park","affiliations":[{"id":27369,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macalady, Alison K.","contributorId":69855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, Daniel","contributorId":69026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodhouse, Connie A.","contributorId":187601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meko, David M.","contributorId":145887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meko","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Swetnam, Thomas W.","contributorId":191872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swetnam","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rauscher, Sara A.","contributorId":47653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauscher","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Seager, Richard","contributorId":102758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seager","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.","contributorId":88624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grissino-Mayer","given":"Henri","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dean, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":39258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cook, Edward R.","contributorId":37611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gangodagamage, Chandana","contributorId":60922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangodagamage","given":"Chandana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Cai, Michael","contributorId":52848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"McDowell, Nathan G.","contributorId":9176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"Nathan G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70040093,"text":"sir20125202 - 2012 - Estimation of evaporation from open water - A review of selected studies, summary of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers data collection and methods, and evaluation of two methods for estimation of evaporation from five reservoirs in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T08:24:42","indexId":"sir20125202","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5202","title":"Estimation of evaporation from open water - A review of selected studies, summary of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers data collection and methods, and evaluation of two methods for estimation of evaporation from five reservoirs in Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Organizations responsible for the management of water resources, such as the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), are tasked with estimation of evaporation for water-budgeting and planning purposes. The USACE has historically used Class A pan evaporation data (pan data) to estimate evaporation from reservoirs but many USACE Districts have been experimenting with other techniques for an alternative to collecting pan data. The energy-budget method generally is considered the preferred method for accurate estimation of open-water evaporation from lakes and reservoirs. Complex equations to estimate evaporation, such as the Penman, DeBruin-Keijman, and Priestley-Taylor, perform well when compared with energy-budget method estimates when all of the important energy terms are included in the equations and ideal data are collected. However, sometimes nonideal data are collected and energy terms, such as the change in the amount of stored energy and advected energy, are not included in the equations. When this is done, the corresponding errors in evaporation estimates are not quantifiable. Much simpler methods, such as the Hamon method and a method developed by the U.S. Weather Bureau (USWB) (renamed the National Weather Service in 1970), have been shown to provide reasonable estimates of evaporation when compared to energy-budget method estimates. Data requirements for the Hamon and USWB methods are minimal and sometimes perform well with remotely collected data. The Hamon method requires average daily air temperature, and the USWB method requires daily averages of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. Estimates of annual lake evaporation from pan data are frequently within 20 percent of energy-budget method estimates. Results of evaporation estimates from the Hamon method and the USWB method were compared against historical pan data at five selected reservoirs in Texas (Benbrook Lake, Canyon Lake, Granger Lake, Hords Creek Lake, and Sam Rayburn Lake) to evaluate their performance and to develop coefficients to minimize bias for the purpose of estimating reservoir evaporation with accuracies similar to estimates of evaporation obtained from pan data. The modified Hamon method estimates of reservoir evaporation were similar to estimates of reservoir evaporation from pan data for daily, monthly, and annual time periods. The modified Hamon method estimates of annual reservoir evaporation were always within 20 percent of annual reservoir evaporation from pan data. Unmodified and modified USWB method estimates of annual reservoir evaporation were within 20 percent of annual reservoir evaporation from pan data for about 91 percent of the years compared. Average daily differences between modified USWB method estimates and estimates from pan data as a percentage of the average amount of daily evaporation from pan data were within 20 percent for 98 percent of the months. Without any modification to the USWB method, average daily differences as a percentage of the average amount of daily evaporation from pan data were within 20 percent for 73 percent of the months. Use of the unmodified USWB method is appealing because it means estimates of average daily reservoir evaporation can be made from air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation data collected from remote weather stations without the need to develop site-specific coefficients from historical pan data. Site-specific coefficients would need to be developed for the modified version of the Hamon method.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125202","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District","usgsCitation":"Harwell, G.R., 2012, Estimation of evaporation from open water - A review of selected studies, summary of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers data collection and methods, and evaluation of two methods for estimation of evaporation from five reservoirs in Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5202, vii, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125202.","productDescription":"vii, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"107","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5202.gif"},{"id":262140,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5202/pdf/sir2012-5202.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262139,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5202/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin, Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, San Angelo, San Antonio, Waco","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.83333333333333,29 ], [ -100.83333333333333,34.333333333333336 ], [ -93.33333333333333,34.333333333333336 ], [ -93.33333333333333,29 ], [ -100.83333333333333,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50662510e4b053bff18e1bf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harwell, Glenn R. gharwell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwell","given":"Glenn","email":"gharwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156717,"text":"70156717 - 2012 - Design and implementation of a structural health monitoring and alerting system for hospital buildings in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T14:10:12.140253","indexId":"70156717","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Design and implementation of a structural health monitoring and alerting system for hospital buildings in the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper describes the current progress in the development of a structural health monitoring and alerting system to meet the needs of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to monitor hospital buildings instrumented in high and very high seismic hazard regions in the U.S. The system, using the measured vibration data, is primarily designed for post-earthquake condition assessment of the buildings. It has two essential components &ndash; sensing and analysis. The sensing component includes all necessary firmware and sensors to measure the response of the building; while the analysis component consists of several data processing modules integrated into an open source software package which compresses a large amount of measured data into useful information to assess the building&rsquo;s condition before and after an event. The information can be used for a rapid building safety assessment, and to support decisions for necessary repairs, replacements, and other maintenance and rehabilitation measures.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Portugal, 2012","conferenceTitle":"15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"September 24-28, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Lisbon, Portugal","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Earthquake Engineering","usgsCitation":"Ulusoy, H.S., Kalkan, E., Fletcher, J.P., Friberg, P.A., Leith, W.K., and Banga, K., 2012, Design and implementation of a structural health monitoring and alerting system for hospital buildings in the United States, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Portugal, 2012, Lisbon, Portugal, September 24-28, 2012, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037848","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307586,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iaee.or.jp/publications.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dee32fe4b0518e354e0805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulusoy, Hasan S. hulusoy@usgs.gov","contributorId":5360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulusoy","given":"Hasan","email":"hulusoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":570231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friberg, Paul A. 0000-0002-6914-3849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6914-3849","contributorId":147087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friberg","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leith, W. K.","contributorId":147088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leith","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Banga, Krishna","contributorId":33152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banga","given":"Krishna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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