San Francisco is a heavily built up city in a region of active faults and is subject to earthquakes and landslides. In such an area careful selection of building sites and foundations is imperative. This geologic investigation of the San Francisco North quadrangle was carried out to obtain basic geologic data to aid in construction and other civil engineering problems. The study also contributes to a better understanding of the geology of this part of the Coast Ranges in general and of the Franciscan Formation and surficial deposits in particular.
On the geologic map (pl. 1) , consolidated rocks are delineated by their composition, age, and origin. Such a classification also gives an approximate indication of the engineering properties of each formation. To make the map more useful to the civil engineer, unconsolidated deposits are shown where thick enough to be depicted. This report and the accompanying map should be a useful guide for planning foundation studies necessary in engineering design.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp782","usgsCitation":"Schlocker, J., 1974, Geology of the San Francisco North quadrangle, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 782, Report: vii, 109 p.; 3 Plates: 41.96 x 27.10 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp782.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 109 p.; 3 Plates: 41.96 x 27.10 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0782/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33748,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0782/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109060,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19768.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"19768"},{"id":465885,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0782/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465886,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0782/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465887,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0782/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco North quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5,\n 37.758333\n ],\n [\n -122.375,\n 37.758333\n ],\n [\n -122.375,\n 37.875\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 37.875\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 37.758333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n },\n \"id\": 0\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e65b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlocker, Julius","contributorId":47357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlocker","given":"Julius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12585,"text":"ofr74338 - 1974 - Sedimentology of the Simmler and Vaqueros formations in the Caliente Range-Carrizo Plain area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-18T21:53:48","indexId":"ofr74338","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-338","title":"Sedimentology of the Simmler and Vaqueros formations in the Caliente Range-Carrizo Plain area, California","docAbstract":"The Simmler and Vaqueros Formations in the Caliente Range-Carrizo Plain area make up a large part of the thick Tertiary sedimentary sequence that was .deposited in a basin which lay along the southwest side of the present-day San Andreas fault. The evolution of this basin during Oligocene and early Miocene time and the relationship of its sedimentary record to the tectonic history is an important chapter in the Tertiary history of California. \r\n\r\nThe Simmler Formation, of provincial Oligocene to early Miocene age, unconformably overlies basement rocks and an Upper Cretaceous-lower Tertiary marine sequence. It consists of a sandstone facies, which is mostly a variegated sequence of sandstone and mudstone occurring in fining-upward cycles, and a conglomerate facies, which occurs around the southwest and southeast margins of the basin. \r\n\r\nThe conformably overlying Vaqueros Formation, of provincial early to middle Miocene age, is subdivided from base upward ,into the Quail Canyon Sandstone, Soda Lake Shale, and Painted Rock Sandstone Members. The Vaqueros intertongues eastward, southeastward, and northward with the continental Caliente Formation and is conformably overlain by the Monterey Shale. In the Caliente Range, northeast of major thrust faults, the Vaqueros may reach a thickness of 8,700 feet (2,650 m). Around the margin of the basin, the formation is much thinner--locally only 200 feet (60 m) thick--and is generally undivided. The Quail Canyon Sandstone Member is composed of cross-bedded or planar-stratified sandstone. The Soda Lake Shale Member consists mostly of siltstone and platy shale with a few thin sandstone interbeds. The Painted Rock Sandstone Member, the thickest and coarsest member, consists mostly of large lenticular bodies of thick-bedded coarse-grained sandstone and thinner units of siltstone. Petrology and paleocurrent studies indicate that, in a given subarea, the Simmler and Vaqueros Formations were derived from the same source terrane and that the sediments were usually transported in the same general direction. Crystalline basement terranes to the north and south were the primary sources, but the Upper Cretaceous-lower Tertiary marine sequence made substantial contributions along the southwest side of the basin. \r\n\r\nThe sandstone facies of the Simmler Formation is interpreted as an alluvial plain depositional complex formed by through-flowing low-sinuosity streams, and the conglomerate facies is interpreted as alluvial fan deposits. The Vaqueros Formation in the Caliente Range forms a transgressive-regressive sequence. The Quail Canyon Sandstone and lowermost Soda Lake Shale Members represent the transgressive phase, are interpreted as beach-nearshore and offshore deposits, and are locally the marine \r\nequivalents of the upper part of the Simmler conglomerate facies. The remainder of the Soda Lake Shale Member and the Painted Rock Sandstone Member represent the regressive phase and are interpreted as a complex of deltaic and shelf-slope deposits that prograded over basinal shales and turbidites. \r\n\r\nThe reconstructed basin history began in the Oligocene with alluvial plain sedimentation in an area of relatively low relief. This was interrupted in the early Miocene (ca. 25 m.y. B.P.) by the beginning of a period of crustal extension, probably related to the first interaction of the Pacific and North American plates, resulting in the formation of a rapidly subsiding marine basin. This crustal extension was followed by a period of north-south compression in the Pliocene and Pleistocene, which caused the thick accumulation of sediments in the basin to be folded and thrust over the thinner basin-margin section. The Red Hills-Chimineas-Russell fault trend, along which Cretaceous granitic and Precambrian(?) gneissic rocks had been juxtaposed in Cretaceous time, was reactivated in the Pliocene, when 8 to 9 miles (13-14.5 km) of additional right-lateral slip occurred, The pattern of north-south thrusting and rig","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74338","usgsCitation":"Bartow, J.A., 1974, Sedimentology of the Simmler and Vaqueros formations in the Caliente Range-Carrizo Plain area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-338, xiii, 163 leaves :ill., maps ;29 cm.; (6 sheets, scale 1:125,000 - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74338.","productDescription":"xiii, 163 leaves :ill., maps ;29 cm.; (6 sheets, scale 1:125,000 - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95094,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0338/plate-1.pdf","size":"7129","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95095,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0338/plate-2.pdf","size":"1268","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95096,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0338/plate-3.pdf","size":"1565","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95097,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0338/plate-4.pdf","size":"738","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95098,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0338/plate-5.pdf","size":"1093","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95099,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0338/plate-6.pdf","size":"1307","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0338/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40975,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0338/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"25000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb89e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartow, J. Alan","contributorId":84373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14345,"text":"ofr7438 - 1974 - Floods of January 15-17, 1974, in Northwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:07","indexId":"ofr7438","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-38","title":"Floods of January 15-17, 1974, in Northwestern Montana","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nRain and snowmelt caused several streams in northwestern Montana to flood during January 15-17, 1974. The flooding was caused by a major rainstorm that extended from Montana through Idaho and Washington. The most damage occurred in the Kootenai River drainage, centering around the town of Libby. Also unusually high flows occurred on some streams in the Clark Fork basin. Throughout the area, ice jams contributed to much of the overbank flooding.\r\n\r\nBoth the towns of Troy and Libby were partly flooded, but damage was greatest in and near Libby. Flood damage was estimated to be $4.9 million. No flood fatalities were listed. Most of the smaller streams equaled or exceeded a 50-year flood. A summary of flood stages and discharges for 24 sites in the Kootenai River drainage and 8 sites in the Clark Fork drainage is tabulated. A map shows the extent of flooding in the Libby area. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr7438","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M.V., and Omang, R.J., 1974, Floods of January 15-17, 1974, in Northwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-38, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7438.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":148978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0038/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43014,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0038/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43015,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0038/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43016,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0038/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfc95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, M. V.","contributorId":95476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Omang, R. J.","contributorId":31365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omang","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69285,"text":"mr49 - 1974 - Reported occurrences of selected minerals in the southern third of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-17T21:14:02.067498","indexId":"mr49","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":324,"text":"Mineral Investigations Resource Map","code":"MR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49","title":"Reported occurrences of selected minerals in the southern third of California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mr49","usgsCitation":"Smith, M.B., Engler, V.L., Lee, D.I., Horn, K.J., and Wayland, R.G., 1974, Reported occurrences of selected minerals in the southern third of California: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Investigations Resource Map 49, 1 Plate: 56.86 × 37.79 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mr49.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 56.86 × 37.79 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":388066,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_1781.htm"},{"id":261147,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/49/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75083333333333,32.1175 ], [ -121.75083333333333,36.75083333333333 ], [ -114.25,36.75083333333333 ], [ -114.25,32.1175 ], [ -121.75083333333333,32.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f271","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Merritt B.","contributorId":6942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Merritt","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engler, V. L.","contributorId":56301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engler","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, D. I.","contributorId":100473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horn, K. J.","contributorId":107370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wayland, R. G.","contributorId":12027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayland","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":69286,"text":"mr65 - 1974 - Tin occurrences in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T13:42:13.912372","indexId":"mr65","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":324,"text":"Mineral Investigations Resource Map","code":"MR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"65","title":"Tin occurrences in Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mr65","usgsCitation":"Cobb, E.H., 1974, Tin occurrences in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Investigations Resource Map 65, Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 47.93 x 37.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mr65.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 47.93 x 37.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":485629,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_1795.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/65/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":485795,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/65/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":261148,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/65/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"2500000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -172,52.25 ], [ -172,70.11749999999999 ], [ -129.5,70.11749999999999 ], [ -129.5,52.25 ], [ -172,52.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b48d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cobb, Edward Huntington","contributorId":13629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Huntington","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42043,"text":"ofr741102 - 1974 - Aeromagnetic map of eastern half of the Beaver quadrangle, northeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-01T20:10:01.397291","indexId":"ofr741102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-1102","title":"Aeromagnetic map of eastern half of the Beaver quadrangle, northeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr741102","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Aeromagnetic map of eastern half of the Beaver quadrangle, northeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-1102, 1 Plate: 25.26 x 25.86 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr741102.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 25.26 x 25.86 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79795,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1102/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate"},{"id":404600,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8857.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaver quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 66\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":63426,"text":"gq1111 - 1974 - Geologic map of the Pickett Peak quadrangle, Trinity County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T09:54:47","indexId":"gq1111","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1111","title":"Geologic map of the Pickett Peak quadrangle, Trinity County, California","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/gq1111","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., Blake, M.C., and Cunningham, C.G., 1974, Geologic map of the Pickett Peak quadrangle, Trinity County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1111, Map: 48.3 x 72.4 cm, https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1111.","productDescription":"Map: 48.3 x 72.4 cm","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":101975,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_324.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"324"},{"id":249519,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1111/report.pdf","size":"35","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":253001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1111/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,40.25 ], [ -123.5,40.5 ], [ -123.25,40.5 ], [ -123.25,40.25 ], [ -123.5,40.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db692010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake, M. 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