Anthropogenic alterations have caused sandbar habitats in rivers and the biota dependent on them to decline. Restoring large river sandbars may be needed as these habitats are important components of river ecosystems and provide essential habitat to terrestrial and aquatic organisms. We quantified factors within the riparian zone of the Kansas River, USA, and within its tributaries that influenced sandbar size and density using aerial photographs and land use/land cover (LULC) data. We developed, a priori, 16 linear regression models focused on LULC at the local, adjacent upstream river bend, and the segment (18–44 km upstream) scales and used an information theoretic approach to determine what alterations best predicted the size and density of sandbars. Variation in sandbar density was best explained by the LULC within contributing tributaries at the segment scale, which indicated reduced sandbar density with increased forest cover within tributary watersheds. Similarly, LULC within contributing tributary watersheds at the segment scale best explained variation in sandbar size. These models indicated that sandbar size increased with agriculture and forest and decreased with urban cover within tributary watersheds. Our findings suggest that sediment supply and delivery from upstream tributary watersheds may be influential on sandbars within the Kansas River and that preserving natural grassland and reducing woody encroachment within tributary watersheds in Great Plains rivers may help improve sediment delivery to help restore natural river function.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, West Sussex, UK","doi":"10.1002/rra.2811","usgsCitation":"Fischer, J., Paukert, C.P., and Daniels, M., 2014, Influence of riparian and watershed alterations on sandbars in a Great Plains river: River Research and Applications, v. 31, no. 9, p. 1140-1150, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2811.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1140","endPage":"1150","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044525","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a0ecb2e4b0183d66e43043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey M.","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daniels, M.L.","contributorId":52689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157380,"text":"70157380 - 2014 - Effects of native herbs and light on garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) invasion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:06:15","indexId":"70157380","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2100,"text":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of native herbs and light on garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) invasion","docAbstract":"The degree to which invasive species drive or respond to environmental change has important implications for conservation and invasion management. Often characterized as a driver of change in North American woodlands, the invasive herb garlic mustard may instead respond to declines in native plant cover and diversity. We tested effects of native herb cover, richness, and light availability on garlic mustard invasion in a Minnesota oak woodland. We planted 50 garlic mustard seeds into plots previously planted with 0 to 10 native herb species. We measured garlic mustard seedling establishment, survival to rosette and adult stages, and average (per plant) and total (per plot) biomass and silique production. With the use of structural equation models, we analyzed direct, indirect, and net effects of native cover, richness, and light on successive garlic mustard life stages. Native plant cover had a significant negative effect on all life stages. Species richness had a significant positive effect on native cover, resulting in indirect negative effects on all garlic mustard stages, and net negative effects on adult numbers, total biomass, and silique production. Light had a strong negative effect on garlic mustard seedling establishment and a positive effect on native herb cover, resulting in significant negative net effects on garlic mustard rosette and adult numbers. However, light's net effect on total garlic mustard biomass and silique production was positive; reproductive output was high even in low-light/high-cover conditions. Combined effects of cover, richness, and light suggest that native herbs provide biotic resistance to invasion by responding to increased light availability and suppressing garlic mustard responses, although this resistance may be overwhelmed by high propagule pressure. Garlic mustard invasion may occur, in part, in response to native plant decline. Restoring native herbs and controlling garlic mustard seed production may effectively reduce garlic mustard spread and restore woodland diversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Weed Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00003.1","usgsCitation":"Phillips-Mao, L., Larson, D.L., and Jordan, N.R., 2014, Effects of native herbs and light on garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) invasion: Invasive Plant Science and Management, v. 7, no. 2, p. 257-268, https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00003.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"268","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043088","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5603cd39e4b03bc34f544afa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips-Mao, Laura","contributorId":26913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips-Mao","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jordan, Nicholas R.","contributorId":39629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155263,"text":"70155263 - 2014 - Using constructed analogs to improve the skill of National Multi-Model Ensemble March–April–May precipitation forecasts in equatorial East Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T11:36:42","indexId":"70155263","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using constructed analogs to improve the skill of National Multi-Model Ensemble March–April–May precipitation forecasts in equatorial East Africa","docAbstract":"In this study we implement and evaluate a simple 'hybrid' forecast approach that uses constructed analogs (CA) to improve the National Multi-Model Ensemble's (NMME) March–April–May (MAM) precipitation forecasts over equatorial eastern Africa (hereafter referred to as EA, 2°S to 8°N and 36°E to 46°E). Due to recent declines in MAM rainfall, increases in population, land degradation, and limited technological advances, this region has become a recent epicenter of food insecurity. Timely and skillful precipitation forecasts for EA could help decision makers better manage their limited resources, mitigate socio-economic losses, and potentially save human lives. The 'hybrid approach' described in this study uses the CA method to translate dynamical precipitation and sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts over the Indian and Pacific Oceans (specifically 30°S to 30°N and 30°E to 270°E) into terrestrial MAM precipitation forecasts over the EA region. In doing so, this approach benefits from the post-1999 teleconnection that exists between precipitation and SSTs over the Indian and tropical Pacific Oceans (Indo-Pacific) and EA MAM rainfall. The coupled atmosphere-ocean dynamical forecasts used in this study were drawn from the NMME. We demonstrate that while the MAM precipitation forecasts (initialized in February) skill of the NMME models over the EA region itself is negligible, the ranked probability skill score of hybrid CA forecasts based on Indo-Pacific NMME precipitation and SST forecasts reach up to 0.45.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Physics","publisherLocation":"Bristol, UK","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/094009","usgsCitation":"Shukla, S., Funk, C.C., and Hoell, A., 2014, Using constructed analogs to improve the skill of National Multi-Model Ensemble March–April–May precipitation forecasts in equatorial East Africa: Environmental Research Letters, v. 9, no. 9, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/094009.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058648","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/094009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f184e4b0bc0bec09fe22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shukla, Shraddhanand","contributorId":145802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"Shraddhanand","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoell, Andrew","contributorId":145805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoell","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159893,"text":"70159893 - 2014 - Survival estimates of wild and captive-bred released Puaiohi, an endangered Hawaiian thrush","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:50:55","indexId":"70159893","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival estimates of wild and captive-bred released Puaiohi, an endangered Hawaiian thrush","docAbstract":"Estimating and monitoring adult and juvenile survival are vital to understanding population status, informing recovery planning for endangered species, and quantifying the success of management. We used mark–recapture models to estimate apparent annual survival of the Puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri), an endangered thrush endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai, from 2005 to 2011. Our sample included 87 wild birds and 123 captive-bred birds that were released at various ages. Survival was higher for wild adult males (0.71 ± 0.09) than for wild adult females (0.46 ± 0.12). Survival of wild juveniles (0.23 ± 0.06) was lower than that of wild adults of both sexes, indicating that recruitment may limit population growth. Captive-bred birds released when <1 yr old had survival (0.26 ± 0.21) comparable with that of wild juveniles, but captive-bred birds released at 1–3 yr old had very low survival (0.05 ± 0.06). Only 8 of 123 (7%) captive birds were seen again after release. Two wild birds resighted five years after marking are the oldest known individuals, being at least six years of age. Malarial infection did not affect survival of wild Puaiohi, unlike many Hawaiian forest birds. The difference between adult male and adult female survival is consistent with rat (Rattusspp.) predation of females on the nest as a major source of mortality. As such, attempting to reduce nest predation by controlling rats may be the best available management option. Releasing captive-bred birds has had little effect on the wild population in recent years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Club","publisherLocation":"Santa Clara, CA","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-14-18.1","collaboration":"Hawaii State Division of Forestry and Wildlife; FWS","usgsCitation":"VanderWerf, E., Crampton, L., Diegmann, J., Atkinson, C.T., and Leonard, D., 2014, Survival estimates of wild and captive-bred released Puaiohi, an endangered Hawaiian thrush: The Condor, v. 116, no. 4, p. 609-618, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-14-18.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"618","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056246","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-14-18.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695ee6e4b08895842a1c9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanderWerf, Eric","contributorId":150183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanderWerf","given":"Eric","affiliations":[{"id":17933,"text":"Pacific Rim Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crampton, Lisa H.","contributorId":101188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crampton","given":"Lisa H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diegmann, Julia","contributorId":150184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diegmann","given":"Julia","affiliations":[{"id":17934,"text":"Kauai Forest Bird Recovery Project, Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leonard, David L.","contributorId":105191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"David L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148188,"text":"70148188 - 2014 - Reconstructing historical habitat data with predictive models Read More: http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/13-0327.1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T10:03:40","indexId":"70148188","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing historical habitat data with predictive models Read More: http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/13-0327.1","docAbstract":"Historical vegetation data are important to ecological studies, as many structuring processes operate at long time scales, from decades to centuries. Capturing the pattern of variability within a system (enough to declare a significant change from past to present) relies on correct assumptions about the temporal scale of the processes involved. Sufficient long-term data are often lacking, and current techniques have their weaknesses. To address this concern, we constructed multistate and artificial neural network models (ANN) to provide fore- and hindcast vegetation communities considered critical foraging habitat for an endangered bird, the Florida Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis). Multistate models were not able to hindcast due to our data not satisfying a detailed balance requirement for time reversibility in Markovian dynamics. Multistate models were useful for forecasting and providing environmental variables for the ANN. Results from our ANN hindcast closely mirrored the population collapse of the Snail Kite population using only environmental data to inform the model. The parallel between the two gives us confidence in the hindcasting results and their use in future demographic models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Tempe, AZ","doi":"10.1890/13-0327.1","usgsCitation":"Zweig, C.L., and Kitchens, W.M., 2014, Reconstructing historical habitat data with predictive models Read More: http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/13-0327.1: Ecological Applications, v. 24, no. 1, p. 196-203, https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0327.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"196","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045474","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300772,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659951e4b0d9246a9eb63c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zweig, Christa L.","contributorId":99767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zweig","given":"Christa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitchens, Wiley M. kitchensw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"Wiley","email":"kitchensw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":547547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135676,"text":"70135676 - 2014 - A Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) for synthesising high-frequency sensor data for validation of deterministic ecological models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-16T11:02:08","indexId":"70135676","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) for synthesising high-frequency sensor data for validation of deterministic ecological models","docAbstract":"A Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON; www.gleon.org) has formed to provide a coordinated response to the need for scientific understanding of lake processes, utilising technological advances available from autonomous sensors. The organisation embraces a grassroots approach to engage researchers from varying disciplines, sites spanning geographic and ecological gradients, and novel sensor and cyberinfrastructure to synthesise high-frequency lake data at scales ranging from local to global. The high-frequency data provide a platform to rigorously validate process- based ecological models because model simulation time steps are better aligned with sensor measurements than with lower-frequency, manual samples. Two case studies from Trout Bog, Wisconsin, USA, and Lake Rotoehu, North Island, New Zealand, are presented to demonstrate that in the past, ecological model outputs (e.g., temperature, chlorophyll) have been relatively poorly validated based on a limited number of directly comparable measurements, both in time and space. The case studies demonstrate some of the difficulties of mapping sensor measurements directly to model state variable outputs as well as the opportunities to use deviations between sensor measurements and model simulations to better inform process understanding. Well-validated ecological models provide a mechanism to extrapolate high-frequency sensor data in space and time, thereby potentially creating a fully 3-dimensional simulation of key variables of interest.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart","doi":"10.5268/IW-5.1.566","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.P., Carey, C.C., Arvola, L., Arzberger, P., Brewer, C.A., Cole, J.J., Gaiser, E., Hanson, P.C., Ibelings, B.W., Jennings, E., Kratz, T.K., Lin, F., McBride, C.G., de Motta Marques, D., Muraoka, K., Nishri, A., Qin, B., Read, J.S., Rose, K., Ryder, E., Weathers, K.C., Zhu, G., Trolle, D., and Brookes, J.D., 2014, A Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) for synthesising high-frequency sensor data for validation of deterministic ecological models: Inland Waters, v. 5, no. 1, p. 49-56, https://doi.org/10.5268/IW-5.1.566.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061713","costCenters":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5268/iw-5.1.566","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296690,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fba.org.uk/journals/index.php/IW/article/view/566/441"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"549165bae4b0d0759afaad7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David P. 0000-0002-9341-8777 hamiltond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9341-8777","contributorId":130968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7184,"text":"Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":536729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carey, Cayelan C.","contributorId":130969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carey","given":"Cayelan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7185,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arvola, Lauri","contributorId":130970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arvola","given":"Lauri","affiliations":[{"id":7186,"text":"Lammi Biological Station, Lammi, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arzberger, Peter","contributorId":130971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arzberger","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7187,"text":"University of California-San Diego, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology, La Jolla, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brewer, Carol A.","contributorId":79777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cole, Jon J","contributorId":130972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":7188,"text":"Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gaiser, Evelyn","contributorId":61727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaiser","given":"Evelyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hanson, Paul C.","contributorId":35634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ibelings, Bas W","contributorId":130973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ibelings","given":"Bas","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":7189,"text":"Institut F.A. 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The loss seems to be the combined result of natural and anthropogenic causes that are behind primarily land subsidence averaging about 10 mm/y (0.4 in/y) coinciding with a sea level rise now at 3 mm/y (0.1 in/y), both contributing to coastal inundation. Upon completing extensive review of often controversial and conflicting views only synoptically reported here, conclusions reached by applying Monte Carlo simulation include: (1) geodetic measurements are consistent with independently postulated causes of regional subsidence; (2) ranking of subsidence factors shows that the main contributor to the regional subsidence is adjustment to sediment load in the form of lithosphere flexure followed by normal faulting dipping basinward, which combined, account on average for 70% of the subsidence, with compaction accounting for another 23%; and (3) production of oil and gas plays a tertiary role. The literature supports the historical view that before experiencing engineering modifications across the catchment area, sedimentation from the Mississippi River system was able to build a prograding coastline by overcoming subsidence rates of similar magnitude with more generous sediment loads of coarser particle size. Sea level rise will become an increasingly dominant factor in land loss only if the acceleration predicted by simulation model scenarios materializes. Wetland losses most likely will continue for as long as there is no compensation to counterbalance the negative effects of land subsidence and sea level rise, with the latter determining the pace of future losses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00046.1","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., and Coleman, J., 2014, A synoptic examination of causes of land loss in southern Louisiana as related to the exploitation of subsurface geologic resources: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 30, no. 5, p. 1025-1044, https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00046.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1044","ipdsId":"IP-045667","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.9935302734375,\n 28.806173508854776\n ],\n [\n -88.8629150390625,\n 28.806173508854776\n ],\n [\n -88.8629150390625,\n 31.00115451727899\n ],\n [\n -93.9935302734375,\n 31.00115451727899\n ],\n [\n -93.9935302734375,\n 28.806173508854776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc038fae4b0fc368eb53b1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":47873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, James L.","contributorId":208106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"James L.","affiliations":[{"id":37715,"text":"Ex-USGS, now retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70136279,"text":"70136279 - 2014 - Managing harvest and habitat as integrated components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:47:11","indexId":"70136279","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing harvest and habitat as integrated components","docAbstract":"In 2007, several important initiatives in the North American waterfowl management community called for an integrated approach to habitat and harvest management. The essence of the call for integration is that harvest and habitat management affect the same resources, yet exist as separate endeavours with very different regulatory contexts. A common modelling framework could help these management streams to better understand their mutual effects. Particularly, how does successful habitat management increase harvest potential? Also, how do regional habitat programmes and large-scale harvest strategies affect continental population sizes (a metric used to express habitat goals)? In the ensuing five years, several projects took on different aspects of these challenges. While all of these projects are still on-going, and are not yet sufficiently developed to produce guidance for management decisions, they have been influential in expanding the dialogue and producing some important emerging lessons. The first lesson has been that one of the more difficult aspects of integration is not the integration across decision contexts, but the integration across spatial and temporal scales. Habitat management occurs at local and regional scales. Harvest management decisions are made at a continental scale. How do these actions, taken at different scales, combine to influence waterfowl population dynamics at all scales? The second lesson has been that consideration of the interface of habitat and harvest management can generate important insights into the objectives underlying the decision context. Often the objectives are very complex and trade-off against one another. The third lesson follows from the second – if an understanding of the fundamental objectives is paramount, there is no escaping the need for a better understanding of human dimensions, specifically the desires of hunters and nonhunters and the role they play in conservation. In the end, the compelling question is how to better understand, guide and justify decisions about conservation investments in waterfowl management. Future efforts to integrate harvest and habitat management will include completion of the species-specific case-studies, initiation of policy discussions around how to integrate the decision contexts and governing institutions, and possible consideration of a new level of integration – integration of harvest and habitats management decisions across waterfowl stocks.
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Special Issue No. 4, p. 305-328.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"328","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054497","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296897,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/2610/0"}],"volume":"Special Issue No. 4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bece4b08de9379b3575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osnas, Erik E. 0000-0001-9528-0866 eosnas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9528-0866","contributorId":5586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osnas","given":"Erik","email":"eosnas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattsson, Brady J.","contributorId":84205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattsson","given":"Brady J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Austin, Jane E. jaustin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boomer, G. 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V.","affiliations":[{"id":7247,"text":"Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tavernia, Brian G. btavernia@usgs.gov","contributorId":5876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tavernia","given":"Brian G.","email":"btavernia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70147975,"text":"70147975 - 2014 - Reviving common standards in point-count surveys for broad inference across studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T20:14:56","indexId":"70147975","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reviving common standards in point-count surveys for broad inference across studies","docAbstract":"We revisit the common standards recommended by Ralph et al. (1993, 1995a) for conducting point-count surveys to assess the relative abundance of landbirds breeding in North America. The standards originated from discussions among ornithologists in 1991 and were developed so that point-count survey data could be broadly compared and jointly analyzed by national data centers with the goals of monitoring populations and managing habitat. Twenty years later, we revisit these standards because (1) they have not been universally followed and (2) new methods allow estimation of absolute abundance from point counts, but these methods generally require data beyond the original standards to account for imperfect detection. Lack of standardization and the complications it introduces for analysis become apparent from aggregated data. For example, only 3% of 196,000 point counts conducted during the period 1992-2011 across Alaska and Canada followed the standards recommended for the count period and count radius. Ten-minute, unlimited-count-radius surveys increased the number of birds detected by >300% over 3-minute, 50-m-radius surveys. This effect size, which could be eliminated by standardized sampling, was ≥10 times the published effect sizes of observers, time of day, and date of the surveys. We suggest that the recommendations by Ralph et al. (1995a) continue to form the common standards when conducting point counts. This protocol is inexpensive and easy to follow but still allows the surveys to be adjusted for detection probabilities. Investigators might optionally collect additional information so that they can analyze their data with more flexible forms of removal and time-of-detection models, distance sampling, multiple-observer methods, repeated counts, or combinations of these methods. Maintaining the common standards as a base protocol, even as these study-specific modifications are added, will maximize the value of point-count data, allowing compilation and analysis by regional and national data centers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Club","publisherLocation":"Santa Clara, CA","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-14-108.1","usgsCitation":"Matsuoka, S.M., Mahon, C., Handel, C.M., Solymos, P., Bayne, E.M., Fontaine, P.C., and Ralph, C., 2014, Reviving common standards in point-count surveys for broad inference across studies: Condor, v. 116, no. 4, p. 599-608, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-14-108.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"608","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058008","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-14-108.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2b8e4b0a92fa7e93c09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matsuoka, Steven M. 0000-0001-6415-1885 smatsuoka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-1885","contributorId":184173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuoka","given":"Steven","email":"smatsuoka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahon, C. Lisa","contributorId":140673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahon","given":"C. Lisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solymos, Peter","contributorId":140674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solymos","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bayne, Erin M.","contributorId":140675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bayne","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fontaine, Patricia C.","contributorId":140676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ralph, C.J.","contributorId":38252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70145465,"text":"70145465 - 2014 - Transport and retention of vertically migrating adult mysid and decapod shrimp in the tidal front on Georges Bank","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-07T09:36:09","indexId":"70145465","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and retention of vertically migrating adult mysid and decapod shrimp in the tidal front on Georges Bank","docAbstract":"Vertical profiles of the adult epibenthic shrimp Neomysis americana and Crangon septemspinosus obtained during June 1985 were used to simulate possible rates of ascent from bottom (40 to 50 m) to near surface at night and return by day, and the consequence of these rates on their horizontal distribution. Numerical particles were released at the sampling site using archived model current fields with specified vertical rates (from no swim behavior to 20 mm s(-1)) and tracked for up to 30 d. The best match between observed and modeled vertical profiles was with a vertical swimming speed of 10 mm s(-1) for N. americana and 2 mm s(-1) for C. septemspinosus. Whereas N. americana rapidly swims towards the surface at dusk and descends to bottom by dawn, C. septemspinosus tends to only swim up to the middle of the water column at night. After 16 d, the simulation with 10 mm s(-1) swim speed showed most particles were concentrated in an area centered around the 60 m isobath, where the tidal front was located. At 2 mm s(-1) swim speed particles were concentrated more shoalward onto the western end of Georges Bank. N. americana are expected to be more closely associated with the tidal front, since they spend more time near the front surface convergence, but are more likely to be transported off the bank due to the south-westward-flowing surface tidal jet, whereas C. septemspinosus would be retained primarily on the bank, since they are found deeper in the water column during both day and night.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps10977","usgsCitation":"Lough, R.G., and Aretxabaleta, A.L., 2014, Transport and retention of vertically migrating adult mysid and decapod shrimp in the tidal front on Georges Bank: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 514, p. 119-135, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10977.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057875","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10977","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"514","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5524ffb5e4b027f0aee3d491","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lough, R. Gregory","contributorId":74777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lough","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. 0000-0002-9914-8018 aaretxabaleta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-8018","contributorId":5464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aretxabaleta","given":"Alfredo","email":"aaretxabaleta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045681,"text":"70045681 - 2014 - A bootstrap estimation scheme for chemical compositional data with nondetects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T11:01:48","indexId":"70045681","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T10:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2210,"text":"Journal of Chemometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A bootstrap estimation scheme for chemical compositional data with nondetects","docAbstract":"The bootstrap method is commonly used to estimate the distribution of estimators and their associated uncertainty when explicit analytic expressions are not available or are difficult to obtain. It has been widely applied in environmental and geochemical studies, where the data generated often represent parts of whole, typically chemical concentrations. This kind of constrained data is generically called compositional data, and they require specialised statistical methods to properly account for their particular covariance structure. On the other hand, it is not unusual in practice that those data contain labels denoting nondetects, that is, concentrations falling below detection limits. Nondetects impede the implementation of the bootstrap and represent an additional source of uncertainty that must be taken into account. In this work, a bootstrap scheme is devised that handles nondetects by adding an imputation step within the resampling process and conveniently propagates their associated uncertainly. In doing so, it considers the constrained relationships between chemical concentrations originated from their compositional nature. Bootstrap estimates using a range of imputation methods, including new stochastic proposals, are compared across scenarios of increasing difficulty. They are formulated to meet compositional principles following the log-ratio approach, and an adjustment is introduced in the multivariate case to deal with nonclosed samples. Results suggest that nondetect bootstrap based on model-based imputation is generally preferable. A robust approach based on isometric log-ratio transformations appears to be particularly suited in this context. Computer routines in the R statistical programming language are provided.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/cem.2621","usgsCitation":"Palarea-Albaladejo, J., Martin-Fernandez, J., and Olea, R., 2014, A bootstrap estimation scheme for chemical compositional data with nondetects: Journal of Chemometrics, v. 28, no. 7, p. 585-599, https://doi.org/10.1002/cem.2621.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"599","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044452","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","volume":"28","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5777942ee4b07dd077c905be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier","contributorId":120518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palarea-Albaladejo","given":"Javier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin-Fernandez, J.A","contributorId":116812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin-Fernandez","given":"J.A","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808 rolea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":1401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","email":"rolea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70107378,"text":"70107378 - 2014 - Distribution of soil organic carbon in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-02T10:34:40","indexId":"70107378","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T10:30:03","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Distribution of soil organic carbon in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database provides detailed soil mapping for most of the conterminous United States (CONUS). These data have been used to formulate estimates of soil carbon stocks, and have been useful for environmental models, including plant productivity models, hydrologic models, and ecological models for studies of greenhouse gas exchange. The data were compiled by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) from 1:24,000-scale or 1:12,000-scale maps. It was found that the total soil organic carbon stock in CONUS to 1 m depth is 57 Pg C and for the total profile is 73 Pg C, as estimated from SSURGO with data gaps filled from the 1:250,000-scale Digital General Soil Map. We explore the non-linear distribution of soil carbon on the landscape and with depth in the soil, and the implications for sampling strategies that result from the observed soil carbon variability.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Carbon","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_9","isbn":"978-3-319-04083-7","usgsCitation":"Bliss, N.B., Waltman, S., West, L.T., Neale, A., and Mehaffey, M., 2014, Distribution of soil organic carbon in the conterminous United States, chap. of Soil Carbon, p. 85-93, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_9.","productDescription":"p. 85-93","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-054429","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287316,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_9"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b7b101e4b0388651d916cb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hartemink, Alfred E.","contributorId":111952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartemink","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509850,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McSweeney, Kevin M.","contributorId":113219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSweeney","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509851,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waltman, Sharon","contributorId":96596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltman","given":"Sharon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"West, Larry T.","contributorId":18681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neale, Anne","contributorId":43275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neale","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mehaffey, Megan","contributorId":58568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehaffey","given":"Megan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148075,"text":"70148075 - 2014 - Temperature sensitivity of organic-matter decay in tidal marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T09:19:29","indexId":"70148075","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature sensitivity of organic-matter decay in tidal marshes","docAbstract":"Approximately half of marine carbon sequestration takes place in coastal wetlands, including tidal marshes, where organic matter contributes to soil elevation and ecosystem persistence in the face of sea-level rise. The long-term viability of marshes and their carbon pools depends, in part, on how the balance between productivity and decay responds to climate change. Here, we report the sensitivity of labile soil organic-matter decay in tidal marshes to seasonal and latitudinal variations in temperature measured over a 3-year period. We find a moderate increase in decay rate at warmer temperatures (3-6% per °C, Q10 = 1.3-1.5). Despite the profound differences between microbial metabolism in wetlands and uplands, our results indicate a strong conservation of temperature sensitivity. Moreover, simple comparisons with organic-matter production suggest that elevated atmospheric CO2 and warmer temperatures will accelerate carbon accumulation in marsh soils, and potentially enhance their ability to survive sea-level rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","publisherLocation":"Katlenberg-Lindau, Germany","doi":"10.5194/bg-11-4801-2014","usgsCitation":"Kirwan, M., Guntenspergen, G.R., and Langley, J., 2014, Temperature sensitivity of organic-matter decay in tidal marshes: Biogeosciences, v. 11, p. 4801-4808, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4801-2014.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4801","endPage":"4808","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058767","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4801-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c5ebae4b0a92fa7eacc11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirwan, Matthew L. 0000-0002-0658-3038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-3038","contributorId":84060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"Matthew L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langley, J.A.","contributorId":89246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langley","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141773,"text":"70141773 - 2014 - The role of defensible space for residential structure protection during wildfires","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-23T09:16:33","indexId":"70141773","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of defensible space for residential structure protection during wildfires","docAbstract":"With the potential for worsening fire conditions, discussion is escalating over how to best reduce effects on urban communities. A widely supported strategy is the creation of defensible space immediately surrounding homes and other structures. Although state and local governments publish specific guidelines and requirements, there is little empirical evidence to suggest how much vegetation modification is needed to provide significant benefits. We analysed the role of defensible space by mapping and measuring a suite of variables on modern pre-fire aerial photography for 1000 destroyed and 1000 surviving structures for all fires where homes burned from 2001 to 2010 in San Diego County, CA, USA. Structures were more likely to survive a fire with defensible space immediately adjacent to them. The most effective treatment distance varied between 5 and 20 m (16–58 ft) from the structure, but distances larger than 30 m (100 ft) did not provide additional protection, even for structures located on steep slopes. The most effective actions were reducing woody cover up to 40% immediately adjacent to structures and ensuring that vegetation does not overhang or touch the structure. Multiple-regression models showed landscape-scale factors, including low housing density and distances to major roads, were more important in explaining structure destruction. The best long-term solution will involve a suite of prevention measures that include defensible space as well as building design approach, community education and proactive land use planning that limits exposure to fire.
","language":"English","publisher":"Fire Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Rosyn, WA","doi":"10.1071/WF13158","usgsCitation":"Syphard, A.D., Brennan, T.J., and Keeley, J.E., 2014, The role of defensible space for residential structure protection during wildfires: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 23, p. 1165-1175, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF13158.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1165","endPage":"1175","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051439","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ec5d48e4b02d776a67dab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Syphard, Alexandra D.","contributorId":8977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Syphard","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brennan, Teresa J. 0000-0002-0646-3298 tjbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0646-3298","contributorId":4323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Teresa","email":"tjbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70101407,"text":"70101407 - 2014 - Southern San Andreas Fault evaluation field activity: approaches to measuring small geomorphic offsets--challenges and recommendations for active fault studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-11T10:27:41","indexId":"70101407","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T10:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Southern San Andreas Fault evaluation field activity: approaches to measuring small geomorphic offsets--challenges and recommendations for active fault studies","docAbstract":"In southern California, where fast slip rates and sparse vegetation contribute to crisp expression of faults and microtopography, field and high‐resolution topographic data (<1 m/pixel) increasingly are used to investigate the mark left by large earthquakes on the landscape (e.g., Zielke et al., 2010; Zielke et al., 2012; Salisbury, Rockwell, et al., 2012, Madden et al., 2013). These studies measure offset streams or other geomorphic features along a stretch of a fault, analyze the offset values for concentrations or trends along strike, and infer that the common magnitudes reflect successive surface‐rupturing earthquakes along that fault section. Wallace (1968) introduced the use of such offsets, and the challenges in interpreting their “unique complex history” with offsets on the Carrizo section of the San Andreas fault; these were more fully mapped by Sieh (1978) and followed by similar field studies along other faults (e.g., Lindvall et al., 1989; McGill and Sieh, 1991). Results from such compilations spurred the development of classic fault behavior models, notably the characteristic earthquake and slip‐patch models, and thus constitute an important component of the long‐standing contrast between magnitude–frequency models (Schwartz and Coppersmith, 1984; Sieh, 1996; Hecker et al., 2013). The proliferation of offset datasets has led earthquake geologists to examine the methods and approaches for measuring these offsets, uncertainties associated with measurement of such features, and quality ranking schemes (Arrowsmith and Rockwell, 2012; Salisbury, Arrowsmith, et al., 2012; Gold et al., 2013; Madden et al., 2013). In light of this, the Southern San Andreas Fault Evaluation (SoSAFE) project at the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) organized a combined field activity and workshop (the “Fieldshop”) to measure offsets, compare techniques, and explore differences in interpretation. A thorough analysis of the measurements from the field activity will be provided separately; this paper discusses the complications presented by such offset measurements using two channels from the San Andreas fault as illustrative cases. We conclude with best approaches for future data collection efforts based on input from the Fieldshop.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220130108","usgsCitation":"Scharer, K.M., Salisbury, J.B., Arrowsmith, J.R., and Rockwell, T.K., 2014, Southern San Andreas Fault evaluation field activity: approaches to measuring small geomorphic offsets--challenges and recommendations for active fault studies: Seismological Research Letters, v. 85, no. 1, p. 68-76, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220130108.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-049065","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286258,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220130108"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.76,32.53 ], [ -120.76,35.77 ], [ -115.21,35.77 ], [ -115.21,32.53 ], [ -120.76,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"85","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559565e4b0120853e8c1fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496 kscharer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":3385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine","email":"kscharer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salisbury, J. Barrett","contributorId":36852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salisbury","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Barrett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arrowsmith, J. Ramon","contributorId":101185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrowsmith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ramon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rockwell, Thomas K.","contributorId":53290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70125296,"text":"70125296 - 2014 - Uranium-series ages of corals, sea level history, and palaeozoogeography, Canary Islands, Spain: an exploratory study for two Quaternary interglacial periods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-18T10:01:01","indexId":"70125296","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T09:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium-series ages of corals, sea level history, and palaeozoogeography, Canary Islands, Spain: an exploratory study for two Quaternary interglacial periods","docAbstract":"We present the first U-series ages of corals from emergent marine deposits on the Canary Islands. Deposits at + 20 m are 481 ± 39 ka, possibly correlative to marine isotope stage (or MIS) 11, while those at + 12 and + 8 m are 120.5 ± 0.8 ka and 130.2 ± 0.8 ka, respectively, correlative to MIS 5.5. The age, elevations, and uplift rates derived from MIS 5.5 deposits on the Canary Islands allow calculations of hypothetical palaeo-sea levels during the MIS 11 high sea stand. Estimates indicate that the MIS 11 high sea stand likely was at least + 9 m (relative to present sea level) and could have been as high as + 24 m. The most conservative estimates of palaeo-sea level during MIS 11 would require an ice mass loss equivalent to all of the modern Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets; the more extreme estimates would require additional ice mass loss from the East Antarctic ice sheet. Extralimital southern species of mollusks, found in both MIS 11 and MIS 5.5 deposits on the Canary Islands, imply warmer-than-modern sea surface temperatures during at least a part of MIS 11 and much warmer sea surface temperatures during at least a part of MIS 5.5. Both MIS 11 and MIS 5.5 marine deposits on the Canary Islands contain extralimital northern species of mollusks as well, indicating cooler-than-present waters at times during these interglacial periods. We hypothesize that the co-occurrence of extralimital southern and northern species of marine invertebrates in the fossil record of the Canary Islands reflects its geographic location with respect to major synoptic-scale controls on climate and ocean currents. Previous interglacials may have been characterized by early, insolation-forced warming, along with northward migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), accompanied by weakened trade winds and diminished upwelling. This allowed the arrival of extralimital southern taxa from the tropical Senegalese faunal province. During later parts of the MIS 11 and 5.5 interglacials, decreased insolation may have resulted in southward migration of the ITCZ, strengthened trade winds, and re-establishment of upwelling. Such conditions may have brought about not only local extinction of the Senegalese fauna, but allowed southward migration of the cooler-water Mediterranean fauna to the Canary Islands in the later parts of interglacials, a complex palaeoclimate record that is mirrored in the deep-sea core record.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.11.015","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., Meco, J., and Simmons, K., 2014, Uranium-series ages of corals, sea level history, and palaeozoogeography, Canary Islands, Spain: an exploratory study for two Quaternary interglacial periods: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 394, p. 99-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.11.015.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"20","ipdsId":"IP-048991","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10553/17952","text":"External Repository"},{"id":294108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294107,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.11.015"}],"country":"Spain","otherGeospatial":"Canary Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -18.1612,27.6378 ], [ -18.1612,29.4165 ], [ -13.3336,29.4165 ], [ -13.3336,27.6378 ], [ -18.1612,27.6378 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"394","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541bf460e4b0e96537ddf8fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meco, Joaquin","contributorId":38485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meco","given":"Joaquin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, Kathleen R. ksimmons@usgs.gov","contributorId":4742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Kathleen R.","email":"ksimmons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70074794,"text":"70074794 - 2014 - Mountain plover nest survival in relation to prairie dog and fire dynamics in shortgrass steppe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T13:15:08","indexId":"70074794","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T09:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mountain plover nest survival in relation to prairie dog and fire dynamics in shortgrass steppe","docAbstract":"Disturbed xeric grasslands with short, sparse vegetation provide breeding habitat for mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) across the western Great Plains. Maintaining local disturbance regimes through prairie dog conservation and prescribed fire may contribute to the sustainability of recently declining mountain plover populations, but these management approaches can be controversial. We estimated habitat-specific mountain plover densities and nest survival rates on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies and burns in the shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado. Mountain plover densities were similar on prairie dog colonies (5.9 birds/km2; 95% CI = 4.7–7.4) and sites burned during the preceding dormant season (6.7 birds/km2; 95% CI = 4.6–9.6), whereas the 29-day nest survival rate was greater on prairie dog colonies (0.81 in 2011 and 0.39 in 2012) compared to the burned sites (0.64 in 2011 and 0.17 in 2012). Reduced nest survival in 2012 compared to 2011 was associated with higher maximum daily temperatures in 2012, consistent with a previous weather-based model of mountain plover nest survival in the southern Great Plains. Measurements of mountain plover density relative to time since disturbance showed that removal of prairie dog disturbance by sylvatic plague reduced mountain plover density by 70% relative to active prairie dog colonies after 1 year. Plover densities declined at a similar rate (by 78%) at burned sites between the first and second post-burn growing season. Results indicate that black-tailed prairie dog colonies are a particularly important nesting habitat for mountain plovers in the southern Great Plains. In addition, findings suggest that prescribed burning can be a valuable means to create nesting habitat in landscapes where other types of disturbances (such as prairie dog colonies) are limited in distribution and size.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.700","usgsCitation":"Augustine, D., and Skagen, S., 2014, Mountain plover nest survival in relation to prairie dog and fire dynamics in shortgrass steppe: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 4, p. 595-602, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.700.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"602","ipdsId":"IP-052363","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Weld County","volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6035e4b0b290850fcc62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Augustine, David J.","contributorId":36849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Augustine","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":167829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan K.","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":723574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70095528,"text":"70095528 - 2014 - A tetrapod-like repertoire of innate immune receptors and effectors for coelacanths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T15:47:47","indexId":"70095528","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2281,"text":"Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tetrapod-like repertoire of innate immune receptors and effectors for coelacanths","docAbstract":"The recent availability of both robust transcriptome and genome resources for coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) has led to unique discoveries for coelacanth immunity such as the lack of IgM, a central component of adaptive immunity. This study was designed to more precisely address the origins and evolution of gene families involved in the initial recognition and response to microbial pathogens, which effect innate immunity. Several multigene families involved in innate immunity are addressed, including: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid inducible gene 1 (RIG1)-like receptors (RLRs), the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing proteins (NLRs), diverse immunoglobulin domain-containing proteins (DICP) and modular domain immune-type receptors (MDIRs). Our analyses also include the tripartite motif-containing proteins (TRIM), which are involved in pathogen recognition as well as the positive regulation of antiviral immunity. Finally, this study addressed some of the downstream effectors of the antimicrobial response including IL-1 family members, type I and II interferons (IFN) and IFN-stimulated effectors (ISGs). Collectively, the genes and gene families in coelacanth that effect innate immune functions share characteristics both in content, structure and arrangement with those found in tetrapods but not in teleosts. The findings support the sister group relationship of coelacanth fish with tetrapods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.22559","usgsCitation":"Boudinot, P., Zou, J., Ota, T., Buonocore, F., Scapigliati, G., Canapa, A., Cannon, J., Litman, G., and Hansen, J.D., 2014, A tetrapod-like repertoire of innate immune receptors and effectors for coelacanths: Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, v. 322, no. 6, p. 415-437, https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.22559.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"437","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050912","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://ir.soken.ac.jp/records/5433","text":"External Repository"},{"id":283453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283361,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.22559"}],"volume":"322","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4ac1e4b0b290850eff67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boudinot, Pierre","contributorId":106013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boudinot","given":"Pierre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zou, Jun","contributorId":31676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zou","given":"Jun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ota, Tatsuya","contributorId":61336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ota","given":"Tatsuya","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buonocore, Francesco","contributorId":39693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buonocore","given":"Francesco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scapigliati, Giuseppe","contributorId":46419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scapigliati","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Canapa, Adriana","contributorId":64557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canapa","given":"Adriana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cannon, John","contributorId":98218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Litman, Gary","contributorId":94975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litman","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hansen, John D. 0000-0002-3006-2734 jhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-2734","contributorId":3440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"John","email":"jhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70045930,"text":"70045930 - 2014 - Diverse rupture modes for surface-deforming upper plate earthquakes in the southern Puget Lowland of Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T14:39:36","indexId":"70045930","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T08:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diverse rupture modes for surface-deforming upper plate earthquakes in the southern Puget Lowland of Washington State","docAbstract":"Earthquake prehistory of the southern Puget Lowland, in the north-south compressive regime of the migrating Cascadia forearc, reflects diverse earthquake rupture modes with variable recurrence. Stratigraphy and Bayesian analyses of previously reported and new 14C ages in trenches and cores along backthrust scarps in the Seattle fault zone restrict a large earthquake to 1040–910 cal yr B.P. (2σ), an interval that includes the time of the M 7–7.5 Restoration Point earthquake. A newly identified surface-rupturing earthquake along the Waterman Point backthrust dates to 940–380 cal yr B.P., bringing the number of earthquakes in the Seattle fault zone in the past 3500 yr to 4 or 5. Whether scarps record earthquakes of moderate (M 5.5–6.0) or large (M 6.5–7.0) magnitude, backthrusts of the Seattle fault zone may slip during moderate to large earthquakes every few hundred years for periods of 1000–2000 yr, and then not slip for periods of at least several thousands of years. Four new fault scarp trenches in the Tacoma fault zone show evidence of late Holocene folding and faulting about the time of a large earthquake or earthquakes inferred from widespread coseismic subsidence ca. 1000 cal yr B.P.; 12 ages from 8 sites in the Tacoma fault zone limit the earthquakes to 1050–980 cal yr B.P. Evidence is too sparse to determine whether a large earthquake was closely predated or postdated by other earthquakes in the Tacoma basin, but the scarp of the Tacoma fault was formed by multiple earthquakes. In the northeast-striking Saddle Mountain deformation zone, along the western limit of the Seattle and Tacoma fault zones, analysis of previous ages limits earthquakes to 1200–310 cal yr B.P. The prehistory clarifies earthquake clustering in the central Puget Lowland, but cannot resolve potential structural links among the three Holocene fault zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00967.1","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A.R., Personius, S.F., Sherrod, B.L., Kelsey, H.M., Johnson, S.Y., Bradley, L., and Wells, R.E., 2014, Diverse rupture modes for surface-deforming upper plate earthquakes in the southern Puget Lowland of Washington State: Geosphere, v. 10, no. 4, p. 769-796, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00967.1.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"769","endPage":"796","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045562","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00967.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":326745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 47\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58ac3e4b03bcb0104bb83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Personius, Stephen F. personius@usgs.gov","contributorId":1214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L.","contributorId":16874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelsey, Harvey M.","contributorId":101713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradley, Lee-Ann bradley@usgs.gov","contributorId":139003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"bradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":141072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70259459,"text":"70259459 - 2014 - The geobiology of sediment-hosted mineral deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-09T14:05:10.976611","indexId":"70259459","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T08:56:32","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"The geobiology of sediment-hosted mineral deposits","docAbstract":"The role of biological processes in the formation of sediment-hosted ore deposits has long been recognized. In this review, we focus on the biogeochemical cycling of C, Mn, Fe, and S as they relate to the formation of sediment-hosted Mn and Fe deposits, metalliferous black shales, clastic-dominated (CD) Pb-Zn deposits, and phosphorites. Biological mediation of ore-forming processes occurs over large spans of space and time. The most important step is oxygenic photosynthesis, a biological innovation dating from the Archean Eon that releases free oxygen into the surface oceans and atmosphere and delivers chemical potential, in the form of reduced carbon, to the seafloor. Photosynthetic oxygen is available to precipitate dissolved Fe2+ and Mn2+, and therefore it augments the formation of sedimentary Mn and Fe deposits, and drives oxidative weathering of exposed crust, thereby delivering sulfate and transition metals to the ocean. Where reduced carbon accumulates in the deep oceans and on the seafloor, bacterial sulfate reduction produces hydrogen sulfide thereby facilitating the formation of metalliferous black shales, sediment-hosted Pb and Zn sulfide deposits, and phosphorites. Thus, an understanding of major biogeochemical processes and how they have evolved over time is required in order to refine genetic models for sediment-hosted ore deposits and to guide future mineral exploration.
A close secular relationship between deposit formation and trends in major biogeochemical cycles provides a potentially powerful tool for mineral resource assessment. Sedimentary basins that formed during a time that is known to lack deposits of a particular metal can be eliminated during exploration programs, whereas others of permissive ages should be considered priorities. For example, sedimentary basins older than ca. 1.8 Ga are unlikely to contain large CD Pb-Zn deposits, and basins that formed between 1.6 and 0.6 Ga are not prospective for phosphorites. Recent technological advances in the application of nanometer-, micron-, and bulk-scale analytical techniques allow for imaging of complex biological structures and have provided new insights into the role of bacteria, not only in direct formation of mineral deposits, but also in leaching of metals from ore and mineralized rocks. Future exploration for, and exploitation of, mineral deposits may include offshore or land-based, low-grade, high-tonnage targets; understanding the role of bacteria in mineral growth, mineral dissolution, and redox transformations will aid in predicting where such deposits exist, and how metal extraction from ores can be enhanced.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Building exploration capability for the 21st century","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/SP.18.02","usgsCitation":"Scott, C., Kelley, K.D., and Slack, J.F., 2014, The geobiology of sediment-hosted mineral deposits, chap. 2 of Building exploration capability for the 21st century, v. 18, p. 17-35, https://doi.org/10.5382/SP.18.02.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-056868","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Clint 0000-0003-2778-2711 clintonscott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2778-2711","contributorId":5332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Clint","email":"clintonscott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809 kdkelley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":179012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen","email":"kdkelley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188054,"text":"70188054 - 2014 - Earth observation based assessment of the water production and water consumption of Nile Basin agro-ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:11:56","indexId":"70188054","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earth observation based assessment of the water production and water consumption of Nile Basin agro-ecosystems","docAbstract":"The increasing competition for water resources requires a better understanding of flows, fluxes, stocks, and the services and benefits related to water consumption. This paper explains how public domain Earth Observation data based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Second Generation Meteosat (MSG), Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) and various altimeter measurements can be used to estimate net water production (rainfall (P) > evapotranspiration (ET)) and net water consumption (ET > P) of Nile Basin agro-ecosystems. Rainfall data from TRMM and the Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS-NET) RainFall Estimates (RFE) products were used in conjunction with actual evapotranspiration from the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) and ETLook models. Water flows laterally between net water production and net water consumption areas as a result of runoff and withdrawals. This lateral flow between the 15 sub-basins of the Nile was estimated, and partitioned into stream flow and non-stream flow using the discharge data. A series of essential water metrics necessary for successful integrated water management are explained and computed. Net water withdrawal estimates (natural and humanly instigated) were assumed to be the difference between net rainfall (Pnet) and actual evapotranspiration (ET) and some first estimates of withdrawals—without flow meters—are provided. Groundwater-dependent ecosystems withdraw large volumes of groundwater, which exceed water withdrawals for the irrigation sector. There is a strong need for the development of more open-access Earth Observation databases, especially for information related to actual ET. The fluxes, flows and storage changes presented form the basis for a global framework to describe monthly and annual water accounts in ungauged river basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs61110306","usgsCitation":"Bastiaanssen, W., Karimi, P., Rebelo, L., Duan, Z., Senay, G., Muthuwatte, L., and Smakhtin, V., 2014, Earth observation based assessment of the water production and water consumption of Nile Basin agro-ecosystems: Remote Sensing, v. 6, no. 11, p. 10306-10334, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61110306.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"10306","endPage":"10334","ipdsId":"IP-057431","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61110306","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341872,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Nile Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 23.818359375,\n -3.688855143147035\n ],\n [\n 37.6171875,\n -3.688855143147035\n ],\n [\n 37.6171875,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n 23.818359375,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n 23.818359375,\n -3.688855143147035\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c6e4b092b266f10da3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bastiaanssen, Wim","contributorId":192421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bastiaanssen","given":"Wim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karimi, Poolad","contributorId":192422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karimi","given":"Poolad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rebelo, Lisa-Maria","contributorId":192423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rebelo","given":"Lisa-Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duan, Zheng","contributorId":192424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duan","given":"Zheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muthuwatte, Lal","contributorId":192425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muthuwatte","given":"Lal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smakhtin, Vladimir","contributorId":192426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smakhtin","given":"Vladimir","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70047698,"text":"70047698 - 2014 - Stable occupancy by breeding hawks (Buteo spp.) over 25 years on a privately managed bunchgrass prairie in northeastern Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T10:47:13","indexId":"70047698","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable occupancy by breeding hawks (Buteo spp.) over 25 years on a privately managed bunchgrass prairie in northeastern Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Potential for large prairie remnants to provide habitat for grassland-obligate wildlife may be compromised by nonsustainable range-management practices. In 1979–1980, high nesting densities of 3 species of hawks in the genus Buteo—Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis), Red-tailed Hawk (B. jamaicensis), and Swainson's Hawk (B. swainsoni)—were documented on the Zumwalt Prairie and surrounding agricultural areas (34,361 ha) in northeastern Oregon, USA. This area has been managed primarily as livestock summer range since it was homesteaded. Unlike in other prairie remnants, land management on the Zumwalt Prairie was consistent over the past several decades; thus, we predicted that territory occupancy of these 3 species would be stable. We also predicted that territory occupancy would be positively related to local availability of nesting structures within territories. We evaluated these hypotheses using a historical dataset, current survey and habitat data, and occupancy models. In support of our predictions, territory occupancy of all 3 species has not changed over the study period of ∼25 yr, which suggests that local range-management practices are not negatively affecting these taxa. Probability of Ferruginous Hawk occupancy increased with increasing area of aspen, an important nest structure for this species in grasslands. Probability of Swainson's Hawk occupancy increased with increasing area of large shrubs, and probability of Red-tailed Hawk occupancy was weakly associated with area of conifers. In the study area, large shrubs and conifers are commonly used as nesting structures by Swainson's Hawks and Red-tailed Hawks, respectively. Availability of these woody species is changing (increases in conifers and large shrubs, and decline in aspen) throughout the west, and these changes may result in declines in Ferruginous Hawk occupancy and increases in Swainson's Hawk and Red-tailed Hawk occupancy in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-12-174.1","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, P.L., Bartuszevige, A.M., Houle, M., Humphrey, A.B., Dugger, K.M., and Williams, J., 2014, Stable occupancy by breeding hawks (Buteo spp.) over 25 years on a privately managed bunchgrass prairie in northeastern Oregon, USA: The Condor, v. 116, no. 3, p. 435-445, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-12-174.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"445","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042226","costCenters":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325089,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579dd03be4b0589fa1cbde45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Patricia L.","contributorId":172826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartuszevige, Anne M.","contributorId":172827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartuszevige","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houle, Marcy","contributorId":172828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houle","given":"Marcy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Humphrey, Ann B.","contributorId":172829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humphrey","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":36037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williams, John","contributorId":23842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70161753,"text":"70161753 - 2014 - Predicting the spatial extent of liquefaction from geospatial and earthquake specific parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-24T21:34:33","indexId":"70161753","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"chapter":"276","title":"Predicting the spatial extent of liquefaction from geospatial and earthquake specific parameters","docAbstract":"The spatially extensive damage from the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand earthquake events are a reminder of the need for liquefaction hazard maps for anticipating damage from future earthquakes. Liquefaction hazard mapping as traditionally relied on detailed geologic mapping and expensive site studies. These traditional techniques are difficult to apply globally for rapid response or loss estimation. We have developed a logistic regression model to predict the probability of liquefaction occurrence in coastal sedimentary areas as a function of simple and globally available geospatial features (e.g., derived from digital elevation models) and standard earthquake-specific intensity data (e.g., peak ground acceleration). Some of the geospatial explanatory variables that we consider are taken from the hydrology community, which has a long tradition of using remotely sensed data as proxies for subsurface parameters. As a result of using high resolution, remotely-sensed, and spatially continuous data as a proxy for important subsurface parameters such as soil density and soil saturation, and by using a probabilistic modeling framework, our liquefaction model inherently includes the natural spatial variability of liquefaction occurrence and provides an estimate of spatial extent of liquefaction for a given earthquake. To provide a quantitative check on how the predicted probabilities relate to spatial extent of liquefaction, we report the frequency of observed liquefaction features within a range of predicted probabilities. The percentage of liquefaction is the areal extent of observed liquefaction within a given probability contour. The regional model and the results show that there is a strong relationship between the predicted probability and the observed percentage of liquefaction. Visual inspection of the probability contours for each event also indicates that the pattern of liquefaction is well represented by the model.
Over the past decade, great progress has been made to develop national extent land cover mapping products to address natural resource issues. One of the core products of the GAP Program is range-wide species distribution models for nearly 2000 terrestrial vertebrate species in the U.S. We rely on deductive modeling of habitat affinities using these products to create models of habitat availability. That approach requires that we have a thematically rich and ecologically meaningful map legend to support the modeling effort. In this work, we tested the integration of the Multi-Resolution Landscape Characterization Consortium's National Land Cover Database 2011 and LANDFIRE's Disturbance Products to update the 2001 National GAP Vegetation Dataset to reflect 2011 conditions. The revised product can then be used to update the species models.
We tested the update approach in three geographic areas (Northeast, Southeast, and Interior Northwest). We used the NLCD product to identify areas where the cover type mapped in 2011 was different from what was in the 2001 land cover map. We used Google Earth and ArcGIS base maps as reference imagery in order to label areas identified as \"changed\" to the appropriate class from our map legend. Areas mapped as urban or water in the 2011 NLCD map that were mapped differently in the 2001 GAP map were accepted without further validation and recoded to the corresponding GAP class. We used LANDFIRE's Disturbance products to identify changes that are the result of recent disturbance and to inform the reassignment of areas to their updated thematic label. We ran species habitat models for three species including Lewis's Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) and the White-tailed Jack Rabbit (Lepus townsendii) and Brown Headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla). For each of three vertebrate species we found important differences in the amount and location of suitable habitat between the 2001 and 2011 habitat maps. Specifically, Brown headed nuthatch habitat in 2011 was −14% of the 2001 modeled habitat, whereas Lewis's Woodpecker increased by 4%. The white-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus townsendii) had a net change of −1% (11% decline, 10% gain). For that species we found the updates related to opening of forest due to burning and regenerating shrubs following harvest to be the locally important main transitions. In the Southeast updates related to timber management and urbanization are locally important.
The Cretaceous Green Acres layered igneous complex, northeast of Winchester, California, is composed of a suite of olivine- and hornblende-bearing gabbros in the Peninsular Ranges batholith within the Perris tectonic block. A consistent mineral assemblage is observed throughout the complex, but there is considerable textural and modal heterogeneity. Both preclude a consistent set of principles based on appearance and mineralogy on which to delineate map units. Distinct changes in the chemistry of olivine, pyroxene, and hornblende, however, serve to define discrete mappable units, and the complex has been divided into five geochemical map units on this basis.
Limited whole-rock data show the Green Acres complex is chemically comparable to other Peninsular Ranges batholith gabbroic rocks, and rare earth element (REE) concentrations and patterns are typical of magmas generated in convergent margin settings. For the complex as a whole, olivine is Fo80–35, plagioclase is An100–64, clinopyroxene is Wo49–41En48–38Fs18–6 and Wo36–26En65–42Fs30–8, and orthopyroxene is Wo5–0En78–42Fs50–21, where Fo is forsterite, An is anorthite, Wo is wollastonite, En is enstatite, and Fs is ferrosilite. The Mg/(Mg + ΣFe) atomic ratio in hornblende ranges from 0.84 to 0.50.
Magmatic lineations and modal and textural layering are prevalent throughout the complex. Mineral chemistry does not change in any systematic way within and between layers in any map unit. Although the strike of layering varies, in any map unit at any given location it is the same in all units irrespective of intrusive order. Thin dikes, typically late-stage hornblende gabbro, commonly intrude parallel to layering. The strikes of magmatic lineations and modal layers are consistent with the populations of strikes of fabrics in the metamorphic basement as well as tectonic features in surrounding, postgabbro granitic rocks. These relations imply that the regional state of stress at the time of gabbro emplacement played a role in layer formation in conjunction with thermal and hydraulic pressure perturbations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Peninsular Ranges Batholith, Baja California and Southern California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.1211(10)","usgsCitation":"Berger, B.R., 2014, Petrology and chemistry of the Green Acres gabbro complex near Winchester, Riverside County, California, chap. of Peninsular Ranges Batholith, Baja California and Southern California, v. 211, p. 365-394, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.1211(10).","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"394","ipdsId":"IP-026650","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","volume":"211","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c2e4b0d1f9f05067ba","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":702736,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Fred K.","contributorId":89503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702737,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}