Effects of a plunging water flow on the behavior of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) 7.1 to 9.7 cm in total length were studied at the outflow of a 1.6‐ha pond. Jumping ability and behavior were measured at 12‐hr intervals using a fishˈs position in a 0.9 m2‐vertical grid or in the discharge pipe. Activity was influenced by flow rate, time of day, and time of year. Fish jumped up to 10 times their body length and traversed a horizontal distance of 0.6 m. Fish with the greatest mean length jumped the highest. The majority of the fish were captured during the 0600‐hr tending period: 79.9% pipe only study and 82.4% pipe and grid combined study.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<620:TJAABO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ellis, J.E., 1974, The jumping ability and behavior of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) at the outflow of a 1.6-ha pond: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 103, no. 3, p. 620-623, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<620:TJAABO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"620","endPage":"623","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d240","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, James E.","contributorId":6390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"James","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224120,"text":"5224120 - 1974 - Seasonal variation of the upper digestive tract yeast flora of feral pigeons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-07T16:02:14.696338","indexId":"5224120","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variation of the upper digestive tract yeast flora of feral pigeons","docAbstract":"Feral pigeons were sampled over a 16-month period to determine whether their normal yeast flora varied according to season. Candida albicans and Saccharomyces telluris occurred during the entire sampling period, with C. albicans reaching its highest levels between August and January and S. telluris peaking from March through May. Candida krusei was present for 10 months but exhibited no predictable variation in density. Candida tropicalis, C. guilliermondii and Geotrichum were isolated on several occasions while C. lusitaniae, C. pseudotropicalis and Torulopsis glabrata were each isolated once. The high levels of infection and frequency of occurrence of some yeast species make the feral pigeon highly suspect as a carrier and disseminator of potentially pathogenic yeast.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-10.3.263","usgsCitation":"Kocan, R.M., and Hasenclever, H., 1974, Seasonal variation of the upper digestive tract yeast flora of feral pigeons: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 10, no. 3, p. 263-266, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-10.3.263.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"266","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201924,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636335","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocan, R. M.","contributorId":41783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hasenclever, H.F.","contributorId":37027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasenclever","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014254,"text":"1014254 - 1974 - Disinfection of contaminated water by ultraviolet irradiation, with emphasis on whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis) and its effect on fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-14T18:01:59.830286","indexId":"1014254","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disinfection of contaminated water by ultraviolet irradiation, with emphasis on whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis) and its effect on fish","docAbstract":"Rainbow trout fry developed whirling disease upon exposure to water contaminated with Myxosoma cerebralis. When similarly contaminated water was irradiated with 2537 Angstrom units of ultraviolet light at dosages of 35,000, 43,000, and 112,000 microwatt sec/cm2, infection of fry was prevented. The minimum effective dosage was not determined in the present experiments. High mortality and a 61% growth inhibition of survivors occurred in the infected fry.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<541:DOCWBU>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, G.L., 1974, Disinfection of contaminated water by ultraviolet irradiation, with emphasis on whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis) and its effect on fish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 103, no. 3, p. 541-550, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<541:DOCWBU>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"550","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131864,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003219,"text":"1003219 - 1974 - Effects of TFM and Bayer 73 on in vivo oxygen consumption of the aquatic midge Chironomus tentans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-14T18:08:35.9249","indexId":"1003219","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of TFM and Bayer 73 on in vivo oxygen consumption of the aquatic midge Chironomus tentans","docAbstract":"Exposure of fourth instar larvae of Chironomus tentans to 2.0‐8.0 mg/liter of TFM (3‐trifluormethyl‐4‐nitrophenol) for 6 hr at 22 ± 0.5 C in soft water resulted in a significantly increased rate of larval oxygen consumption compared to that of control larvae, as measured with the Warburg respirometer. Maximum stimulation of oxygen consumption occurred with 8.0 mg/liter of TFM, and 1.0 mg/liter of TFM had no measurable effect on basal respiration. When hardness of exposure water was progressively increased, the effect of TFM on oxygen consumption was diminished.
Bayer 73 (5,2′‐dichloro‐4′‐nitrosalicylanilide) stimulated oxygen consumption at 0.75 and 1.0 mg/liter, had no significant effect at concentrations less that 0.75 mg/liter, and inhibited oxygen consumption at concentrations of 1.20 mg/liter or greater.
Mixtures of TFM and Bayer 73, in the ratio of 98:2, had no greater effect on oxygen consumption than TFM alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<551:EOTABO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kawatski, J., Dawson, V.K., and Reuvers, M., 1974, Effects of TFM and Bayer 73 on in vivo oxygen consumption of the aquatic midge Chironomus tentans: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 103, no. 3, p. 551-556, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<551:EOTABO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"556","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624e95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kawatski, J.A.","contributorId":101241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kawatski","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reuvers, M.L.","contributorId":87512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuvers","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011057,"text":"70011057 - 1974 - Variation of P-wave velocity before the Bear Valley, California, earthquake of 24 February 1972","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T23:10:27.564738","indexId":"70011057","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation of P-wave velocity before the Bear Valley, California, earthquake of 24 February 1972","docAbstract":"Residuals for P-wave traveltimes at a seismograph station near Bear Valley, California, for small, precisely located local earthquakes at distances of 20 to 70 kilometers show a sharp increase of nearly 0.3 second about 2 months before a magnitude 5.0 earthquake that occurred within a few kilometers of the station. This indicates that velocity changes observed elsewhere premonitory to earthquakes, possibly related to dilatancy, occur along the central section of the San Andreas fault system.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.184.4143.1281","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Robinson, R., Wesson, R.L., and Ellsworth, W., 1974, Variation of P-wave velocity before the Bear Valley, California, earthquake of 24 February 1972: Science, v. 184, no. 4143, p. 1281-1283, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.184.4143.1281.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1283","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220954,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bear Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.0718612189573,\n 38.48735887611156\n ],\n [\n -120.0718612189573,\n 38.43780040863717\n ],\n [\n -120.00672664440306,\n 38.43780040863717\n ],\n [\n -120.00672664440306,\n 38.48735887611156\n ],\n [\n -120.0718612189573,\n 38.48735887611156\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"184","issue":"4143","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc16de4b08c986b32a57d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, R.","contributorId":99694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wesson, R. L.","contributorId":51752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222561,"text":"5222561 - 1974 - Effects of low dietary levels of methyl mercury on mallard reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-24T10:59:06","indexId":"5222561","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of low dietary levels of methyl mercury on mallard reproduction","docAbstract":" Mallard ducks were fed a control diet or a diet containing 0.5 ppm or 3 ppm mercury (as methylmercury dicyandiamide). Health of adults and reproductive success were studied. The dietary level of 3 ppm mercury had harmful effects on reproduction, although it did not appear to affect the health of the adults during the 12 months of dosage. Ducks that were fed the diet containing 0.5 ppm mercury reproduced as well as controls, and ducklings from parents fed 0.5 ppm mercury grew faster in the first week of life than did controls....The greatest harm to reproduction associated with the diet containing 3 ppm mercury was an increase in duckling mortality, but reduced egg laying and increased embryonic mortality also occurred....During the peak of egg laying, eggs laid by controls tended to be heavier than eggs laid by ducks fed either level of mercury; however, there seemed to be no eggshell thinning associated with mercury treatment. Levels of mercury reached about 1 ppm in eggs from ducks fed a dietary dosage of 0.5 ppm mercury and between 6 and 9 ppm in the eggs from ducks fed 3 ppm mercury.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01684947","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G., 1974, Effects of low dietary levels of methyl mercury on mallard reproduction: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 11, no. 4, p. 386-392, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01684947.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"386","endPage":"392","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611c8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G.","contributorId":89239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221216,"text":"5221216 - 1974 - Plasma enzyme activities in coturnix quail fed graded doses of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyl, malathion, and mercuric chloride","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-13T13:26:21","indexId":"5221216","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3612,"text":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plasma enzyme activities in coturnix quail fed graded doses of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyl, malathion, and mercuric chloride","docAbstract":"Male Coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed diets for 12 weeks containing graded levels of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254), malathion, and mercuric chloride. Birds were bled prior to exposure and at 2, 4 and 12 weeks, and the plasma used to measure the activities of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase, fructose-diphosphate aldolase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Abnormal activity of certain plasma enzymes was noted in birds after 2 and 4 weeks, but these changes were not proportional to dose or exposure time. At 12 weeks increases in each of the activities of plasma enzymes of birds fed organochlorines, and decreases in cholinesterase activity of birds fed malathion or mercuric chloride, were proportional to the log dose of the respective agents. In addition, the pattern of enzyme responses in the 4 experimental groups had changed, and was illustrative of the specific type of substance that had been fed. The data suggest that qualitative and quantitative identification of environmental contaminants in birds, and perhaps a variety of wild animals, may be possible by utilization of multiple plasma enzyme assays. Residue analyses after 12 weeks of feeding showed that DDE accumulated in carcasses and livers at concentrations up to 4-fold higher than those in the diets. In contrast residues of Aroclor 1254 attained in carcasses were identical to, and in livers one-half of, the concentration in the feed. Mercury did not accumulate as much in the tissues; residues attained were one-twentieth or less of those in the feed. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0041-008X(74)90175-6","usgsCitation":"Dieter, M.P., 1974, Plasma enzyme activities in coturnix quail fed graded doses of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyl, malathion, and mercuric chloride: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 86-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(74)90175-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16216,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(74)90175-6","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683c76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieter, M. P.","contributorId":89626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221218,"text":"5221218 - 1974 - Organochlorine residues in brown pelican eggs: Relation to reproductive success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-27T06:39:47","indexId":"5221218","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine residues in brown pelican eggs: Relation to reproductive success","docAbstract":"This study was conducted to determine the influence of residues of organochlorine pollutants on reproductive success in the brown pelican. A sample egg was taken from each of 93 marked nests in the nesting colony in South Carolina. Periodic visits were made to determine the fate of marked nests. Each sample egg was analysed for residues of organochlorine pollutants. Nest success in the brown pelican was related to residues of DDE and dieldrin in sample eggs. DDE seemed primarily responsible for nest failure; however, deleterious effects of this pollutant on nest success were not satisfactorily separated from those induced by dieldrin. Significant intercorrelation of all five organochlorine residues identified in the eggs complicated the relationship of residues to nest success. Maximum DDE residues in an egg from a successful nest were 2·37 μg/g and 8·48 μg/g in an egg from an unsuccessful nest. Comparable maximum residues for dieldrin in sample eggs were 0·54 μg/g (successful) and 0·99 μg/g (unsuccessful). Nineteen of the 26 eggs from unsuccessful nests contained DDE residues that exceeded 2·37 μg/g, and 14 of these 26 eggs contained dieldrin residues that exceeded 0·54 μg/g. Residues of DDD, DDT or PCBs in sample eggs were not significantly related to nest success. Reproductive success in the brown pelican colony was subnormal in the year of study—1971 and 1972—but reproductive success was normal in those nests in which the sample egg contained either ≤2·5 μg/g of DDE or ≤0·54 μg/g of dieldrin.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01685112","usgsCitation":"Ludke, J., 1974, Interaction of dieldrin and DDE residues in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 11, no. 3, p. 297-302, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01685112.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0dec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludke, J. Larry","contributorId":29033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludke","given":"J. Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211092,"text":"70211092 - 1974 - Estimating the “thickness” of the Boulder Batholith, Montana, from heat-flow and heat-productivity data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-14T16:47:54.546602","indexId":"70211092","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-13T11:14:25","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the “thickness” of the Boulder Batholith, Montana, from heat-flow and heat-productivity data","docAbstract":"Estimates of minimum thickness of the Boulder batholith, computed using the linear relation between heat flow and heat productivity and assuming constant heat productivity with depth, are highly nonspecific. They can vary between about 3 and 20 km, depending on values of surface-rock heat productivity and values of assumed contribution of nonbatholith heat sources (such as lower crustal and upper mantle) to the measured surface heat flow used in the calculations. Models involving radiogenic heat sources decreasing with depth in the batholith lead to significantly greater estimates of thickness by as much as a factor of two or more. A reappraisal of data and arguments related to earlier conflicting estimates, based only on one heat-flow determination and within the context of several newly published additional heat-flow measurements, indicates that the previous differences of opinion are negligible and acceptable, in view of the enormous uncertainties inherent in the method of estimation.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<457:ETTOTB>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., 1974, Estimating the “thickness” of the Boulder Batholith, Montana, from heat-flow and heat-productivity data: Geology, v. 2, no. 9, p. 457-460, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<457:ETTOTB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"460","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":792756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175787,"text":"70175787 - 1974 - Status of projects in Minnesota, 1974-75 fiscal years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:55:32","indexId":"70175787","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-11T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Status of projects in Minnesota, 1974-75 fiscal years","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/70175787","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Status of projects in Minnesota, 1974-75 fiscal years, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70175787.","productDescription":"49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82de7e4b03fd6b7da39d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":152492,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":646359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156688,"text":"70156688 - 1974 - The calculation of aquifer chemistry in hot-water geothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T16:12:09","indexId":"70156688","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-11T09:15:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The calculation of aquifer chemistry in hot-water geothermal systems","docAbstract":"The temperature and chemical conditions (pH, gas pressure, and ion activities) in a geothermal aquifer supplying a producing bore can be calculated from the enthalpy of the total fluid (liquid + vapor) produced and chemical analyses of water and steam separated and collected at known pressures. Alternatively, if a single water phase exists in the aquifer, the complete analysis (including gases) of a sample collected from the aquifer by a downhole sampler is sufficient to determine the aquifer chemistry without a measured value of the enthalpy. The assumptions made are that the fluid is produced from a single aquifer and is homogeneous in enthalpy and chemical composition. These calculations of aquifer chemistry involving large amounts of ancillary information and many iterations require computer methods. A computer program in PL-1 to perform these calculations is available from the National Technical Information Service as document PB-219 376.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A.H., and Singers, W., 1974, The calculation of aquifer chemistry in hot-water geothermal systems: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 3, p. 271-278.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"278","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307495,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue3/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91c0e4b0518e354dd1cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, Alfred H.","contributorId":33448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truesdell","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singers, Wendy","contributorId":147021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singers","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175801,"text":"70175801 - 1974 - The natural quality of ground water in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:06:32","indexId":"70175801","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-10T11:30:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"26","title":"The natural quality of ground water in Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1974, The natural quality of ground water in Minnesota: Bulletin 26, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dece4b03fd6b7da3a32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210568,"text":"70210568 - 1974 - Nature of the angular unconformity between the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks and the mesozoic metavolcanic rocks in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-09T18:51:03.61903","indexId":"70210568","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-09T13:35:47","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nature of the angular unconformity between the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks and the mesozoic metavolcanic rocks in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"Two major wall-rock sequences, the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks and the Mesozoic metavolcanic rocks, in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, are separated by an angular unconformity rather than by a fault as has been proposed by other investigators. The unconformity is parallel to formation contacts in the younger metavolcanic rocks and crosscuts formation contacts in the older metasedimentary rocks. Locally, basal conglomerate with pebbles derived from the older metasedimentary rocks occurs just above the unconformity. The older metasedimentary rocks consist mostly of former marl, chert, and mudstone; they contain three generations of superposed structures. The younger metavolcanic rocks consist mostly of former andesite flows, tuff, and graywacke; these contain only the younger two generations of superposed structures. The sinuous trace of the unconformity is primarily the result of superposed deformations of regional scale which occur in most roof pendants of the eastern Sierra Nevada.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<571:NOTAUB>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Brook, C., Nokleberg, W.J., and Kistler, R., 1974, Nature of the angular unconformity between the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks and the mesozoic metavolcanic rocks in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California: GSA Bulletin, v. 85, no. 4, p. 571-576, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<571:NOTAUB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"576","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":375475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.68505859375,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -118.43261718749999,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -118.43261718749999,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -119.68505859375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -119.68505859375,\n 37.64903402157866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brook, C.A.","contributorId":82699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brook","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kistler, Ronald W.","contributorId":56969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"Ronald W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011097,"text":"70011097 - 1974 - Meteoric water in magmas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T23:24:03.327636","indexId":"70011097","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meteoric water in magmas","docAbstract":"Oxygen isotope analyses of sanidine phenocrysts from rhyolitic sequences in Nevada, Colorado, and the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field show that δ18O decreased in these magmas as a function of time. This decrease in δ18O may have been caused by isotopic exchange between the magma and groundwater low in 18O. For the Yellowstone Plateau rhyolites, 7000 cubic kilometers of magma could decrease in δ18O by 2 per mil in 600,000 years by reacting with water equivalent to 3 millimeters of precipitation per year, which is only 0.3 percent of the present annual precipitation in this region. The possibility of reaction between large magmatic bodies and meteoric water at liquidus temperatures has major implications in the possible differentiation history of the magma and in the generation of ore deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.184.4141.1069","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., Lipman, P.W., Obradovich, J.D., Gleason, J., and Christiansen, R., 1974, Meteoric water in magmas: Science, v. 184, no. 4141, p. 1069-1072, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.184.4141.1069.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1069","endPage":"1072","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Nevada, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.23999132013498,\n 45.935773758631285\n ],\n [\n -124.60793917262012,\n 42.266999426720005\n ],\n [\n -119.86043547304212,\n 42.18852352976382\n ],\n [\n -119.8492859795918,\n 38.98572686499257\n ],\n [\n -114.49187923620231,\n 34.91906133553974\n ],\n [\n -114.00849170821404,\n 41.77835564058566\n ],\n [\n -116.71273433742026,\n 42.16814937162346\n ],\n [\n -116.70389621084311,\n 44.13504673205051\n ],\n [\n -116.19727117082506,\n 45.880401950645734\n ],\n [\n -124.23999132013498,\n 45.935773758631285\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.10277921821981,\n 45.01547774018505\n ],\n [\n -111.10277921821981,\n 43.10666268509371\n ],\n [\n -108.92492441836777,\n 43.10666268509371\n ],\n [\n -108.92492441836777,\n 45.01547774018505\n ],\n [\n -111.10277921821981,\n 45.01547774018505\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"184","issue":"4141","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5510e4b0c8380cd6d0fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obradovich, J. D.","contributorId":48966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gleason, J.D.","contributorId":27072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christiansen, R.L. 0000-0002-8017-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":25565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047583,"text":"70047583 - 1974 - Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17559,"text":"ofr73191 - 1973 - Preliminary report on the geology along the Atlantic Continental margin of the northeastern United States","indexId":"ofr73191","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary report on the geology along the Atlantic Continental margin of the northeastern United States"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047583,"text":"70047583 - 1974 - Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States","indexId":"70047583","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T17:02:42.071905","indexId":"70047583","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T15:39:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a geologic and geophysical study of the northeastern United States outer continental shelf and the adjacent slope from Georges Bank to Cape Hatteras. The study also includes the adjacent coastal plain because it is a more accessible extension of the shelf. The total study area is about 324,000 sq km, of which the shelf and slope constitute about 181,000 sq km and the coastal plain constitutes 143,000 sq km. The shelf width ranges from about 30 km at Cape Hatteras to about 195 km off Raritan Bay and on Georges Bank. Analyses of bottom samples make if possible to construct a preliminary geologic map of the shelf and slope to a water depth of 2,000 m. The oldest beds cropping out in the submarine canyons and on the slope are of early Late Cretaceous age. Beds of Early Cretaceous and Jurassic age are present in deep wells onshore and probably are present beneath the shelf in the area of this study. Such beds are reported beneath the Scotian shelf on the northeast where they include limestone, salt, and anhydrite. Preliminary conclusions suggest a considerably thicker Mesozoic sedimentary sequence than has been described previously. The region is large; the sedimentary wedge is thick; structures seem favorable; and the hydrocarbon potential may be considerable.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/83D9163C-16C7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Minard, J.P., Perry, W.J., Weed, E.G., Rhodehamel, E., Robbins, E.I., and Mixon, R.B., 1974, Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 58, no. 6, p. 1169-1178, https://doi.org/10.1306/83D9163C-16C7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1169","endPage":"1178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic continental margin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.98837832966728,\n 34.812181314867246\n ],\n [\n -74.00721595053707,\n 34.747145614653704\n ],\n [\n -67.01182798064679,\n 40.574291170461464\n ],\n [\n -70.46054215433553,\n 41.726809748008094\n ],\n [\n -73.74976919871233,\n 40.72629404099882\n ],\n [\n -75.5615838343083,\n 38.28044893285855\n ],\n [\n -76.29904069823598,\n 36.46920899694598\n ],\n [\n -76.01650388398812,\n 34.7425665714845\n ],\n [\n -75.98837832966728,\n 34.812181314867246\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520a03f7e4b0026c2bc11c56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minard, J. P.","contributorId":8065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, W. J.","contributorId":24752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weed, Elaine G. A.","contributorId":91496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weed","given":"Elaine","email":"","middleInitial":"G. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rhodehamel, E. C.","contributorId":91517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodehamel","given":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robbins, E. I.","contributorId":101269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mixon, R. B.","contributorId":11235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mixon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70247299,"text":"70247299 - 1974 - An optimum reduction of gauges to meet data program constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-26T16:51:46.005908","indexId":"70247299","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T11:49:27","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1926,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An optimum reduction of gauges to meet data program constraints","docAbstract":"Budget or manpower constraints may force a reduction in data collection activities. However, information may be transferred from continued gauge sites to discontinued gauge sites provided there is ‘sufficient’ correlation between flow sequences. Information defined as the reciprocal of variance (of the parameter estimator for which the gauge has been established) is provided at ungauged sites by regression techniques. A set of gauge sites is chosen to satisfy the budget constraint and to maximize the information content. The information content based on regression is a function of the correlations between flow sequences and is subject to the errors in their estimators. Post optimal analysis gives estimates of correlation error effects on the decision process as to which gauges to continue and which to discontinue.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626667409493920","usgsCitation":"Maddock, T., 1974, An optimum reduction of gauges to meet data program constraints: Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, v. 19, no. 3, p. 337-345, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667409493920.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"345","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maddock, Thomas III","contributorId":32983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70247298,"text":"70247298 - 1974 - Why not an extraterrestrial geography?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-26T16:47:24.136691","indexId":"70247298","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T11:44:44","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3191,"text":"Professional Geographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why not an extraterrestrial geography?","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1111/j.0033-0124.1974.00258.x","usgsCitation":"Pike, R.J., 1974, Why not an extraterrestrial geography?: Professional Geographer, v. 26, no. 3, p. 258-261, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1974.00258.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"261","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, Richard J. rpike@usgs.gov","contributorId":5753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"Richard","email":"rpike@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":879155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70246986,"text":"70246986 - 1974 - Changes in oxygen and primary production of the Patuxent estuary, Maryland, 1963 through 1969","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-20T16:18:38.375696","indexId":"70246986","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T11:09:21","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1228,"text":"Chesapeake Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in oxygen and primary production of the Patuxent estuary, Maryland, 1963 through 1969","docAbstract":"From 1963 through 1969, the U.S. Geological Survey operated a water-quality monitor system in the upper-middle Patuxent estuary, near Benedict, Maryland. Over the period of record, a pronounced change occurred in the diel (24 hr.) oxygen measurement, particularly during the months of July, August, and September. Annual variations of dissolved oxygen ranged from 3.6 to 15.0 mg liter−1 in 1964 and from 2.3 to 16.5 mg liter−1 in 1969 with percentage saturation varying from 60 to 130 percent in 1964 and from 30 to 184 percent in 1969. The magnitude of diel summer oxygen variation changed from about 3 to 7 mg liter−1 day−1 over the same period.
From hourly values of temperature, oxygen, and conductivity, gross primary production (GP) and respiration (R) were estimated. Data representing greatest daily change for spring, summer, and autumn of each year and “average” values for each month of years 1964 and 1969 were analyzed for GP and R. From the seasonal data, GP ranged from about 3 to 25 g O2 m−2 day−1, and R ranged from about 4 to 32 g O2m−2 day−1. From the “average” days, GP ranged from 2 to 10 g O2m−2 day−1 in 1964 and from 1 to 16 in 1969. In 1964, daily average GP was 5.2 g O2m−2 day−1 as compared to 6.1 in 1969, and respiration was 6.1 g O2m−2 day−1 in 1964 versus 10.2 g O2m−2 day−1 in 1969, increases of 20 and 16 percent, respectively. Ratios of GP/R averaged 0.84 in 1964 versus 0.60 in 1969, reflecting a larger respiration in 1969 and suggesting a trend towards community instability.
Productivity estimates by other investigators showed a two-to threefold increase in production over the same period of time. The increases in production were attributed to upstream domestic waste loading. If the present trend increases, metabolic imbalance and anaerobic conditions may develop.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.2307/1351265","usgsCitation":"Cory, R.L., 1974, Changes in oxygen and primary production of the Patuxent estuary, Maryland, 1963 through 1969: Chesapeake Science, v. 15, p. 78-83, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351265.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"83","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.42098575358602,\n 38.32186234744975\n ],\n [\n -76.51137745504842,\n 38.42440915694752\n ],\n [\n -76.61134004254791,\n 38.49602219424773\n ],\n [\n -76.63904898062022,\n 38.92978259156996\n ],\n [\n -76.75732875538374,\n 38.91686809103828\n ],\n [\n -76.69545919721367,\n 38.416077445984826\n ],\n [\n -76.53796324959583,\n 38.35606076419032\n ],\n [\n -76.47096704733552,\n 38.29098650590859\n ],\n [\n -76.42098575358602,\n 38.32186234744975\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cory, R. L.","contributorId":49456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cory","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70246983,"text":"70246983 - 1974 - Pesticides in selected western streams, 1968-71","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-20T15:53:04.121802","indexId":"70246983","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T10:43:31","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in selected western streams, 1968-71","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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L.","contributorId":91486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Freeman","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70247306,"text":"70247306 - 1974 - Channel changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T15:08:32.887753","indexId":"70247306","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T10:06:33","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel changes","docAbstract":"Environmental impacts may alter the quantities of water and sediment carried in a stream and thus may increase or diminish naturally occurring rates of channel changes and the pre-impact frequency of flows. Repetitive cross-channel surveys to determine changes in channel size or location are a measure of the response of stream to environmental impact and may provide data necessary before corrective measures can be taken to minimize the effects of the impact. One effect on stream channels from the impact of urbanization can be shown, by example from one stream, to be a loss in channel size due to deposition of sediment. After 17 years of urbanization encroaching on the area, the channel was only 66 percent of the size it was at the beginning of that period.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2%3C271:CC%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Emmett, W.W., 1974, Channel changes: Geology, v. 2, no. 6, p. 271-272, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2%3C271:CC%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"272","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmett, William W.","contributorId":68715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37414,"text":"ssrw179 - 1974 - The literature of the California black rail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T18:09:10","indexId":"ssrw179","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"179","title":"The literature of the California black rail","docAbstract":"Few birds have remained so little known as the California black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus). Although first collected in 1859 or before and reported in 1874 (Ridgway 1874), its life history, distribution, and status have remained so obscure that even a sight record of the bird is deemed worthy of a report in some ornithological publications. Because degradation and loss of freshwater and saltwater marshlands in California may be detrimentally affecting the black rail, both the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife (1973) and the California Department of Fish and Game (1972) have classified it as rare and worthy of further study.
The 84 papers and notes both summarized in this report and included in its bibliography include essentially all that is currently known about the California black rail. Only 11 of these papers consider the life history of this rail in any detail. The rest are distribution notes and some of the more important papers on the closely related eastern black rail (L. j. jamaicensis). The latter are included for comparative purposes, or because they may lend clues to currently unknown facets of the life history of the western race.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Wilbur, S.R., 1974, The literature of the California black rail: Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 179, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":167442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ssrw179.JPG"},{"id":94650,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015077581091?urlappend=%3Bseq=3"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilbur, Sanford R.","contributorId":34188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilbur","given":"Sanford","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70261446,"text":"70261446 - 1974 - Selected chlorinated hydrocarbons in bottom material from streams tributary to San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-11T17:30:16.58425","indexId":"70261446","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selected chlorinated hydrocarbons in bottom material from streams tributary to San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"As part of a study of the environmental quality of San Francisco Bay, bottom material from 26 streams tributary to the Bay were analyzed for chlordane, DDD, DDE, DDT, and PCB residues. These compounds were present in essentially all streams tested. Chlordane proved to be ubiquitous, with a concentration range similar to that of the other compounds. Noteworthy was the occurrence in one stream of polychlorinated naphthalene residues. Compounds occurring in concentrations above 20 μg/kg were identified in most instances by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Law, L.M., and Goerlitz, D.F., 1974, Selected chlorinated hydrocarbons in bottom material from streams tributary to San Francisco Bay: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 8, no. 1, p. 33-36.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":465028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.53014916518325,\n 37.85087332942885\n ],\n [\n -122.53014916518325,\n 37.41269423080945\n ],\n [\n -121.93161333337619,\n 37.41269423080945\n ],\n [\n -121.93161333337619,\n 37.85087332942885\n ],\n [\n -122.53014916518325,\n 37.85087332942885\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Law, LeRoy M.","contributorId":104603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":920587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goerlitz, Donald F.","contributorId":10780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goerlitz","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":920588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224971,"text":"5224971 - 1974 - Relationships among three criteria of puberty in Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-10T15:37:29.036932","indexId":"5224971","displayToPublicDate":"1974-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships among three criteria of puberty in Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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