{"pageNumber":"619","pageRowStart":"15450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70045773,"text":"ds745 - 2013 - Classifications for Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) site-specific projects: 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-05T16:05:08","indexId":"ds745","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"745","title":"Classifications for Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) site-specific projects: 2010","docAbstract":"The Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) funds over 100 wetland restoration projects across Louisiana. Integral to the success of CWPPRA is its long-term monitoring program, which enables State and Federal agencies to determine the effectiveness of each restoration effort. One component of this monitoring program is the classification of high-resolution, color-infrared aerial photography at the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Wetlands Research Center in Lafayette, Louisiana.\n\nColor-infrared aerial photography (9- by 9-inch) is obtained before project construction and several times after construction. Each frame is scanned on a photogrametric scanner that produces a high-resolution image in Tagged Image File Format (TIFF). By using image-processing software, these TIFF files are then orthorectified and mosaicked to produce a seamless image of a project area and its associated reference area (a control site near the project that has common environmental features, such as marsh type, soil types, and water salinities.) The project and reference areas are then classified according to pixel value into two distinct classes, land and water. After initial land and water ratios have been established by using photography obtained before and after project construction, subsequent comparisons can be made over time to determine land-water change.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds745","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Jones, W.R., and Garber, A., 2013, Classifications for Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) site-specific projects: 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 745, Pamphlet: iv, 8 p.; 2010 CWPPRA Maps: 10 Sheets: 58 x 47 inches; Data and Metadata Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds745.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 8 p.; 2010 CWPPRA Maps: 10 Sheets: 58 x 47 inches; Data and Metadata Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-037884","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds745.gif"},{"id":271805,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/"},{"id":271806,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/DS745.pdf"},{"id":271807,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/cs27_2010l_Black%20Bayou%20Hydrologic%20Restoration_letter.pdf"},{"id":271808,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/cs27_2010l_Black%20Bayou%20Hydrologic%20Restoration_poster.pdf"},{"id":271809,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/cs27_2010l_Black%20Bayou%20Hydrologic%20Restoration_mosaic_ltr.pdf"},{"id":271810,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/cs30_2005_2010l_GIWW-Perry%20Ridge%20West%20Bank%20Stabilization_poster.pdf"},{"id":271811,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/cs30_2005_2010l_GIWW-Perry%20Ridge%20West%20Bank%20Stabilization_tabloid.pdf"},{"id":271812,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/cs30_2010_GIWW-Perry%20Ridge%20West%20Bank%20Stabilization_mosaic_letter.pdf"},{"id":271813,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/cs30_2010l_GIWW-Perry%20Ridge%20West%20Bank%20Stabilization_letter.pdf"},{"id":271814,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/tv18_2010_Four%20Mile%20Canal%20Terracing%20and%20Sediment%20Trapping_letter.pdf"},{"id":271815,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/tv18_2010_Four%20Mile%20Canal%20Terracing%20and%20Sediment%20Trapping_poster.pdf"},{"id":271816,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/po06_2010lpr_Fritchie%20Marsh%20Restoration_letter.pdf"},{"id":271817,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/downloads2010/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0,28.9 ], [ -94.0,33.0 ], [ -88.8,33.0 ], [ -88.8,28.9 ], [ -94.0,28.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51877151e4b078fc9c244b4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, William R. 0000-0002-5493-4138 jonesb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5493-4138","contributorId":463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"William","email":"jonesb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garber, Adrienne 0000-0003-1139-8256 garbera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1139-8256","contributorId":464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garber","given":"Adrienne","email":"garbera@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045775,"text":"sir20135037 - 2013 - Plankton communities and summertime declines in algal abundance associated with low dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-05T16:03:22","indexId":"sir20135037","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5037","title":"Plankton communities and summertime declines in algal abundance associated with low dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon","docAbstract":"Phytoplankton populations in the Tualatin River in northwestern Oregon are an important component of the dissolved oxygen (DO) budget of the river and are critical for maintaining DO levels in summer. During the low-flow summer period, sufficient nutrients and a long residence time typically combine with ample sunshine and warm water to fuel blooms of cryptophyte algae, diatoms, green and blue-green algae in the low-gradient, slow-moving reservoir reach of the lower river. Algae in the Tualatin River generally drift with the water rather than attach to the river bottom as a result of moderate water depths, slightly elevated turbidity caused by suspended colloidal material, and dominance of silty substrates. Growth of algae occurs as if on a “conveyor belt” of streamflow, a dynamic system that is continually refreshed with inflowing water. Transit through the system can take as long as 2 weeks during the summer low-flow period. Photosynthetic production of DO during algal blooms is important in offsetting oxygen consumption at the sediment-water interface caused by the decomposition of organic matter from primarily terrestrial sources, and the absence of photosynthesis can lead to low DO concentrations that can harm aquatic life. \n\nThe periods with the lowest DO concentrations in recent years (since 2003) typically occur in August following a decline in algal abundance and activity, when DO concentrations often decrease to less than State standards for extended periods (nearly 80 days). Since 2003, algal populations have tended to be smaller and algal blooms have terminated earlier compared to conditions in the 1990s, leading to more frequent declines in DO to levels that do not meet State standards. This study was developed to document the current abundance and species composition of phytoplankton in the Tualatin River, identify the possible causes of the general decline in algae, and evaluate hypotheses to explain why algal blooms diminish in midsummer. \n\nPlankton and water-quality sample data from 2006 to 2008 were combined with parts of a larger discrete-sample and continuous water-quality monitoring dataset and examined to identify patterns in water-quality and algal conditions since 1991, with a particular emphasis on 2003–08. Longitudinal plankton surveys were conducted in 2006–08 at six sites between river miles (RM) 24.5 and 3.4 at 2- to 3-week intervals, or 5–6 per season, and in-situ bioassay experiments were conducted in 2008 to examine the potential effects of wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) effluent and phosphorus additions on phytoplankton biomass and algal photosynthesis. Phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition, streamflow, and water-quality data were analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques to gain insights into plankton dynamics to determine what factors might be most tied to the abundance and characteristics of the phytoplankton assemblages, and identify possible causes of their declines.\n\nThe connection between low-DO events and algal declines was clearly evident, as bloom crashes were nearly always followed by periods of low DO. Algal blooms occurred each year during 2006–08, producing maximum chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) values in June or July generally in the range of 50–80 micrograms per liter (µg/L). Bloom crashes and absence of sufficient algal photosynthesis in mid- to late-summer contributed to minimum DO concentrations that were less than the State standard of 6.5 milligrams per liter (mg/L) based on the 30-day mean daily concentration, for 62–74 days each year. At times, the absolute minimum State standard (4 mg/L DO) also was not met. To learn more about why low-DO events occurred, specific algal declines during 2003–08 were scrutinized to determine their likely causal factors. From this information, a series of hypotheses were formulated and evaluated in terms of their ability to explain recent declines in algal populations in the river in late summer.\n\nMeteorological, streamflow, turbidity, water temperature, and conductance conditions in the Tualatin River during the 2006–08 summer seasons were not atypical. Natural flow comprised the majority (70–80 percent) of flow each year during spring, but then reduced to 38–40 percent during midsummer when WWTF effluent—which contributed as much as 36 percent—and flow augmentation releases comprised a greater fraction of the flow. Summer 2008 was unusual, however, in the prolonged influence from the Wapato Lake agricultural area near Gaston in the upper part of the basin. The previous winter flooding and levee breach at Wapato Lake caused a much greater area of inundation. As a result, drainage from this area continued into July, much later than normal. A subsequent algal bloom in Wapato Lake then seeded the upper Tualatin River, and this drainage had a profound effect on the downstream plankton community. A large blue-green algae bloom developed—the largest in recent memory—prompting a public health advisory for recreational contact for about two weeks.\n\nAlgal growths and surface blooms are a common feature of the Tualatin River. Most of the dominant algae have growth forms and morphologies that are well suited for planktonic life, employing spines and gas vacuoles to resist settling, forming colonies, and producing mucilage (or toxins) to resist zooplankton grazing. In 2006–08, 143 algal taxa were identified in 117 main-stem samples; diatoms and green algae were more diverse than blue-green, golden, and cryptophyte algae, although these later groups sometimes dominated the overall volumetric abundance (biovolume). The most frequently occurring taxa, occurring in 97–99 percent of samples, were flagellated cryptophytes Cryptomonas erosa and Rhodomonas minuta. Other important algal taxa included centric diatoms Stephanodiscus, Cyclotella, and Melosira species and colonial green algae Scenedesmus and Actinastrum. These taxa comprised the majority of the algal biovolume during much of the growing season. A general seasonal trend in the phytoplankton assemblages was observed, with dominance by filamentous centric diatoms Stephanodiscus and Melosira in spring and early summer, and flagellated cryptophytes and green algae, particularly Chlamydomonas sp., in late-summer; or, in 2008, dominance by blue-green algae Anabaena flos-aquae and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae during the Wapato Lake bloom event.\n\nThere were 99 zooplankton taxa identified from the Tualatin River in 2006–08, composed primarily of cladocerans, copepods, and rotifers. A seasonal increase in zooplankton abundance was observed in early summer just as or shortly after the phytoplankton population began to increase, with populations growing to 15,000−120,000 organisms per cubic meter in the lower river. Zooplankton abundance showed a predictable and distinct longitudinal downstream increase, particularly downstream of Highway 99W (RM 11.6). Although grazing rates were not measured, the data suggest that, at times, zooplankton grazing may affect algal abundance and species composition in the Tualatin River, with diatoms becoming relatively less abundant and flagellated cryptophytes and green algae relatively more abundant during periods when zooplankton densities were highest.\n\nMultivariate statistical analyses identified soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), natural flow, flow augmentation, and WWTF effluent as important factors influencing Tualatin River phytoplankton populations, with zooplankton density (particularly rotifers and copepods), specific conductance, chloride, and water temperature also having an important influence. Although SRP was highly correlated with the plankton communities, that correlation was likely the result of high or low algal activity (uptake) as SRP concentrations were often reduced to low levels during blooms. While previous studies have already established that phosphorus, among other factors such as flow, places a theoretical cap on the size of the phytoplankton population in the river, sometimes algal declines occur when SRP concentrations are apparently sufficient. To identify alternative causal factors, additional analyses were performed without SRP to focus on other water-quality parameters, zooplankton density, and flow factors. Considering data for all 3 years and including just those samples from the lower Tualatin River not affected by the 2008 Wapato Lake drainage event, three factors (percentage of reservoir flow augmentation, total natural flow, and rotifer density) best explained variations in the phytoplankton assemblages.\n\nAnalyses focusing on the possible causes of algal declines included the above multivariate analyses, scrutiny of 10 specific instances of declines in algal populations during 2003–08 including several bloom–crash sequences, and analyses of historic routine watershed monitoring data from Clean Water Services. Six factors were hypothesized to be important in causing bloom crashes or impeding blooms from rebounding in August: (1) light limitation from cloudy weather, (2) a reduction in the plankton inocula or “seed” entering the lower river from upstream sources, (3) increased summer streamflows, (4) changes in the dominant sources of flow as the percentage of flow augmentation and WWTF discharges have increased, (5) zooplankton grazing, and (6) low concentrations of bioavailable phosphorus (<0.015 milligram per liter). All of these hypotheses are supported in some fashion by the available data and statistical analyses. Zooplankton grazing, short-term declines in photosynthesis from cloudy weather, total flow as it affects residence time, and the dominant source of flow are primary factors responsible for the low-DO events caused by declines in algae in the lower Tualatin River during late summer.\n\nCloudy weather and increased turbidity are known to inhibit algal growth in the Tualatin River, and slight increases in turbidity in recent years may be a problem. Upstream sources of algae are critical in determining the characteristics and size of downstream populations, as illustrated by the Wapato Lake bloom in 2008, but more data are needed from upstream to fully define the importance of this connection. The sources of flow, through their differential contribution of plankton inocula (quality and amount), were, at times, important factors affecting phytoplankton populations. While SRP concentrations were often most highly correlated with phytoplankton species community, the bioavailability of phosphorus is still somewhat unknown and there are several sources to consider. Preliminary bioassay tests suggested that while treated wastewater effluent may stimulate algae at 30 percent concentrations, negative effects (or decreased stimulation) on Chl-a and DO production may occur at concentrations of 50 percent. Targeted data collection and future research will be needed to further understand the importance of these factors on Tualatin River phytoplankton.\n\nWhile the data and analysis completed for this report provide insights into future research and monitoring that would be useful to continue, additional monitoring of turbidity, Chl-a, and plankton abundance and species composition in the upper part of the basin would enhance our understanding of plankton dynamics and factors affecting phytoplankton abundance in the lower river. Assessment of the key upstream sources of algal inocula via surveys of the major flow sources as well as tributaries and wetlands would provide useful information for the management of river water quality. Other studies that could prove useful for developing management strategies include targeted experiments to evaluate the bioavailability of phosphorus from a variety of sources. New research on phytoplankton–zooplankton interactions, and studies of planktivorous fish, might also provide insight about food web dynamics and potential “top-down” effects of fish predation on the plankton communities. In addition, further development of neural-network or other water-quality models would help to evaluate management strategies and provide forecasts of water-quality conditions. Finally, periodic future reassessments of the available data with the multivariate statistical tools used in this study would be helpful to assess whether and how plankton communities are changing, and to continue to shed light on the importance of factors shaping the plankton. Although certain types and sizes of algal blooms are undesirable, minimum phytoplankton populations are an important part of aquatic food webs and are needed to maintain healthy levels of DO in the river. By understanding the sources, characteristics, causal factors, and responses of the plankton communities, management strategies can be developed to improve DO conditions in the lower Tualatin River during the important summer low-flow period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Clean Water Services","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, K., and Rounds, S.A., 2013, Plankton communities and summertime declines in algal abundance associated with low dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5037, x, 78 p.; Appendixes A-C; Table 10, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135037.","productDescription":"x, 78 p.; Appendixes A-C; Table 10","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135037.jpg"},{"id":271821,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5037/appendixes/sir20135037_appendixA.xlsx"},{"id":271822,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5037/appendixes/sir20135037_appendixB.xlsx"},{"id":271823,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5037/appendixes/sir20135037_appendixC.xlsx"},{"id":271824,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5037/appendixes/sir20135037_table10.pdf"},{"id":271819,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5037/"},{"id":271820,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5037/pdf/sir20135037.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.6,42.0 ], [ -124.6,46.3 ], [ -116.5,46.3 ], [ -116.5,42.0 ], [ -124.6,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5187716ce4b078fc9c244b63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. kdcar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt D.","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045768,"text":"70045768 - 2013 - Floral ecology and insect visitation in riparian Tamarix sp. (saltcedar)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-05T16:11:37","indexId":"70045768","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floral ecology and insect visitation in riparian Tamarix sp. (saltcedar)","docAbstract":"Climate change projections for semiarid and arid North America include reductions in stream discharge that could adversely affect riparian plant species dependent on stream-derived ground water. In order to better understand this potential impact, we used a space-for-time substitution to test the hypotheses that increasing depth-to-groundwater (DGW) is inversely related to Tamarix sp. (saltcedar) flower abundance (F) and nectar production per flower (N). We also assessed whether DGW affected the richness or abundance of insects visiting flowers. We examined Tamarix floral attributes and insect visitation patterns during 2010 and 2011 at three locations along a deep DWG gradient (3.2–4.1 m) on a floodplain terrace adjacent to Las Vegas Wash, an effluent-dominated Mojave Desert stream. Flower abundance and insect visitation patterns differed between years, but no effect from DGW on either F or N was detected. An eruption of a novel non-native herbivore, the splendid tamarisk weevil (Coniatus splendidulus), likely reduced flower production in 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.03.009","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., and Nelson, S.M., 2013, Floral ecology and insect visitation in riparian Tamarix sp. (saltcedar): Journal of Arid Environments, v. 94, p. 1-5-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.03.009.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1-5","endPage":"112","ipdsId":"IP-045358","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271826,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.03.009"},{"id":271827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5187716ae4b078fc9c244b53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, S. M.","contributorId":81853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043044,"text":"70043044 - 2013 - Use of general purpose graphics processing units with MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-29T13:46:18","indexId":"70043044","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of general purpose graphics processing units with MODFLOW","docAbstract":"To evaluate the use of general-purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs) to improve the performance of MODFLOW, an unstructured preconditioned conjugate gradient (UPCG) solver has been developed. The UPCG solver uses a compressed sparse row storage scheme and includes Jacobi, zero fill-in incomplete, and modified-incomplete lower-upper (LU) factorization, and generalized least-squares polynomial preconditioners. The UPCG solver also includes options for sequential and parallel solution on the central processing unit (CPU) using OpenMP. For simulations utilizing the GPGPU, all basic linear algebra operations are performed on the GPGPU; memory copies between the central processing unit CPU and GPCPU occur prior to the first iteration of the UPCG solver and after satisfying head and flow criteria or exceeding a maximum number of iterations. The efficiency of the UPCG solver for GPGPU and CPU solutions is benchmarked using simulations of a synthetic, heterogeneous unconfined aquifer with tens of thousands to millions of active grid cells. Testing indicates GPGPU speedups on the order of 2 to 8, relative to the standard MODFLOW preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) solver, can be achieved when (1) memory copies between the CPU and GPGPU are optimized, (2) the percentage of time performing memory copies between the CPU and GPGPU is small relative to the calculation time, (3) high-performance GPGPU cards are utilized, and (4) CPU-GPGPU combinations are used to execute sequential operations that are difficult to parallelize. Furthermore, UPCG solver testing indicates GPGPU speedups exceed parallel CPU speedups achieved using OpenMP on multicore CPUs for preconditioners that can be easily parallelized.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12004","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.D., and White, J., 2013, Use of general purpose graphics processing units with MODFLOW: Ground Water, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12004.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-039567","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272967,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12004"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a7236ce4b09db86f875d37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Jeremy T. jwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045769,"text":"sir20135084 - 2013 - Groundwater conditions in Georgia, 2010–2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T20:46:02","indexId":"sir20135084","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5084","title":"Groundwater conditions in Georgia, 2010–2011","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collects groundwater data and conducts studies to monitor hydrologic conditions, better define groundwater resources, and address problems related to water supply, water use, and water quality. In Georgia, water levels were monitored continuously at 186 wells during calendar year 2010 and at 181 wells during calendar year 2011. Because of missing data or short periods of record (less than 3 years) for several of these wells, a total of 168 wells are discussed in this report. These wells include 17 in the surficial aquifer system, 19 in the Brunswick aquifer system and equivalent sediments, 70 in the Upper Floridan aquifer, 16 in the Lower Floridan aquifer and underlying units, 10 in the Claiborne aquifer, 1 in the Gordon aquifer, 11 in the Clayton aquifer, 14 in the Cretaceous aquifer system, 2 in Paleozoic-rock aquifers, and 8 in crystalline-rock aquifers. Data from the well network indicate that water levels generally declined during the 2010 through 2011 calendar-year period, with water levels declining in 158 wells and rising in 10. Water levels declined over the period of record at 106 wells, increased at 56 wells, and remained relatively constant at 6 wells.  In addition to continuous water-level data, periodic water-level measurements were collected and used to construct potentiometric-surface maps for the Upper Floridan aquifer in Camden, Charlton, and Ware Counties, Georgia, and adjacent counties in Florida during May–June 2010, and in the following areas in Georgia: the Brunswick area during August 2010 and August 2011, in the Albany–Dougherty County area during November 2010 and November 2011, and in the Augusta–Richmond County area during October 2010 and August 2011. In general, water levels in these areas were lower during 2011 than during 2010; however, the configuration of the potentiometric surfaces in each of the areas showed little change.  Groundwater quality in the Floridan aquifer system is monitored in the Albany, Savannah, and Brunswick areas of Georgia. In the Albany area, nitrate as nitrogen concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer during 2011 generally decreased from 2010; however, concentrations in two wells remained above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 10-milligrams-per-liter (mg/L) drinking-water standard. In the Savannah area, specific conductance and chloride concentrations were measured in water samples from discrete depths in two wells completed in the Upper Floridan aquifer. Data from the two wells indicate that chloride concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer showed little change during calendar years 2010 through 2011 and remained below the 250 mg/L USEPA secondary drinking-water standard. During calendar years 2010 through 2011, chloride concentrations in the Lower Floridan aquifer increased slightly at Tybee Island and Skidaway Island, remaining above the drinking-water standard. In the Brunswick area, maps showing the chloride concentration of water in the Upper Floridan aquifer constructed using data collected from 32 wells during August 2010 and from 30 wells during August 2011 indicate that chloride concentrations remained above the USEPA secondary drinking-water standard in an approximately 2-square-mile area. During calendar years 2010 through 2011, chloride concentrations generally decreased in over 70 percent of the wells sampled during 2011, with a maximum decrease of 200 mg/L in a well located in the north-central part of the Brunswick area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135084","usgsCitation":"Peck, M., Gordon, D., and Painter, J.A., 2013, Groundwater conditions in Georgia, 2010–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5084, iv, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135084.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"71","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135084.gif"},{"id":271796,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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mfpeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Michael F.","email":"mfpeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, Debbie W. 0000-0002-5195-6657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-6657","contributorId":79591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Debbie W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science 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,{"id":70045765,"text":"tm6A45 - 2013 - MODFLOW–USG version 1: An unstructured grid version of MODFLOW for simulating groundwater flow and tightly coupled processes using a control volume finite-difference formulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-03T09:00:59","indexId":"tm6A45","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A45","title":"MODFLOW–USG version 1: An unstructured grid version of MODFLOW for simulating groundwater flow and tightly coupled processes using a control volume finite-difference formulation","docAbstract":"A new version of MODFLOW, called MODFLOW–USG (for UnStructured Grid), was developed to support a wide variety of structured and unstructured grid types, including nested grids and grids based on prismatic triangles, rectangles, hexagons, and other cell shapes. Flexibility in grid design can be used to focus resolution along rivers and around wells, for example, or to subdiscretize individual layers to better represent hydrostratigraphic units. MODFLOW–USG is based on an underlying control volume finite difference (CVFD) formulation in which a cell can be connected to an arbitrary number of adjacent cells. To improve accuracy of the CVFD formulation for irregular grid-cell geometries or nested grids, a generalized Ghost Node Correction (GNC) Package was developed, which uses interpolated heads in the flow calculation between adjacent connected cells. MODFLOW–USG includes a Groundwater Flow (GWF) Process, based on the GWF Process in MODFLOW–2005, as well as a new Connected Linear Network (CLN) Process to simulate the effects of multi-node wells, karst conduits, and tile drains, for example. The CLN Process is tightly coupled with the GWF Process in that the equations from both processes are formulated into one matrix equation and solved simultaneously. This robustness results from using an unstructured grid with unstructured matrix storage and solution schemes. MODFLOW–USG also contains an optional Newton-Raphson formulation, based on the formulation in MODFLOW–NWT, for improving solution convergence and avoiding problems with the drying and rewetting of cells. Because the existing MODFLOW solvers were developed for structured and symmetric matrices, they were replaced with a new Sparse Matrix Solver (SMS) Package developed specifically for MODFLOW–USG. The SMS Package provides several methods for resolving nonlinearities and multiple symmetric and asymmetric linear solution schemes to solve the matrix arising from the flow equations and the Newton-Raphson formulation, respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Ground Water in Book 6 <i> Modeling Techniques </i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A45","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program  Prepared in collaboration with AMEC; This report is Chapter 45 of Section A: Ground Water in Book 6: <i>Modeling Techniques</i>","usgsCitation":"Panday, S., Langevin, C.D., Niswonger, R., Ibaraki, M., and Hughes, J.D., 2013, MODFLOW–USG version 1: An unstructured grid version of MODFLOW for simulating groundwater flow and tightly coupled processes using a control volume finite-difference formulation: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A45, Report: vii, 68 p.; Available Software, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A45.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 68 p.; Available Software","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm6A45.gif"},{"id":271786,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a45/pdf/tm6-A45.pdf"},{"id":271787,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/mfusg/"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5184ce62e4b04d6ec94d62a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panday, Sorab","contributorId":100513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panday","given":"Sorab","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ibaraki, Motomu","contributorId":81235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ibaraki","given":"Motomu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045747,"text":"sir20135026 - 2013 - Hydrogeology and water quality of the Dublin and Midville aquifer systems at Waynesboro, Burke County, Georgia, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T20:37:46","indexId":"sir20135026","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5026","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of the Dublin and Midville aquifer systems at Waynesboro, Burke County, Georgia, 2011","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology and water quality of the Dublin and Midville aquifer systems were characterized in the City of Waynesboro area in Burke County, Georgia, based on geophysical and drillers’ logs, flowmeter surveys, a 24-houraquifer test, and the collection and chemical analysis of water samples in a newly constructed well. At the test site, the Dublin aquifer system consists of interlayered sands and clays between depths of 396 and 691 feet, and the Midville aquifer system consists of a sandy clay layer overlying a sand and gravel layer between depths of 728 and 936 feet. The new well was constructed with three screened intervals in the Dublin aquifer system and four screened intervals in the Midville aquifer system. Wellbore-flowmeter testing at a pumping rate of 1,000 gallons per minute indicated that 52.2 percent of the total flow was from the shallower Dublin aquifer system with the remaining 47.8 percent from the deeper Midville aquifer system. The lower part of the lower Midville aquifer (900 to 930 feet deep), contributed only 0.1 percent of the total flow.\n\nHydraulic properties of the two aquifer systems were estimated using data from two wellbore-flowmeter surveys and a 24-hour aquifer test. Estimated values of transmissivity for the Dublin and Midville aquifer systems were 2,000 and 1,000 feet squared per day, respectively. The upper and lower Dublin aquifers have a combined thickness of about 150 feet and the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the Dublin aquifer system averages 10 feet per day. The upper Midville aquifer, lower Midville confining unit, and lower Midville aquifer have a combined thickness of about 210 feet, and the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the Midville aquifer system averages 6 feet per day. Storage coefficient of the Dublin aquifer system, computed using the Theis method on water-level data from one observation well, was estimated to be 0.0003. With a thickness of about 150 feet, the specific storage of the Dublin aquifer system averages about 2×10-6 per foot.\n\nWater quality of the Dublin and Midville aquifer systems was characterized during the aquifer test on the basis of water samples collected from composite well flow originating from five depths in the completed production well during the aquifer test. Samples were analyzed for total dissolved solids, specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, and major ions. Water-quality results from composite samples, known flow contribution from individual screens, and a mixing equation were used to calculate water-quality values for sample intervals between sample depths or below the bottom sample depth. With the exception of iron and manganese, constituent concentrations of water from each of the sampled intervals and total flow from the well were within U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary and secondary drinking-water standards. Water from the bottommost sample interval in the lower part of the lower Midville aquifer (900 to 930 feet) contained manganese and iron concentrations of 59.1 and 1,160 micrograms per liter, respectively, which exceeded secondary drinking-water standards. Because this interval contributed only 0.1 percent of the total flow to the well, water quality of this interval had little effect on the composite well water quality. Two other sample intervals from the Midville aquifer system and the total flow from both aquifer systems contained iron concentrations that slightly exceeded the secondary drinking-water standard of 300 micrograms per liter.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Waynesboro, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Gonthier, G., 2013, Hydrogeology and water quality of the Dublin and Midville aquifer systems at Waynesboro, Burke County, Georgia, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5026, vii, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135026.","productDescription":"vii, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271738,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135026.gif"},{"id":271736,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5026/"},{"id":271737,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5026/pdf/sir2013-5026.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Burke County","city":"Waynesboro","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.037295,33.072069 ], [ -82.037295,33.117787 ], [ -81.991343,33.117787 ], [ -81.991343,33.072069 ], [ -82.037295,33.072069 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51837ce7e4b0a21483941a55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonthier, Gerard  0000-0003-4078-8579 gonthier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4078-8579","contributorId":3141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonthier","given":"Gerard ","email":"gonthier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045761,"text":"ds763 - 2013 - High-water marks from flooding in Lake Champlain from April through June 2011 and Tropical Storm Irene in August 2011 in Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-02T16:17:14","indexId":"ds763","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"763","title":"High-water marks from flooding in Lake Champlain from April through June 2011 and Tropical Storm Irene in August 2011 in Vermont","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, identified high-water marks after two floods in Vermont during 2011. Following a snowy winter, new monthly precipitation records were set in Burlington, Vermont, in April and May 2011, causing extensive flooding from April through June. The spring 2011 flooding resulted in a new record for stage (103.27 feet, referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929) at the Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt., gaging station (04294500). During August 28 and 29, 2011, tropical storm Irene delivered rainfall totals of 3 to more than 7 inches throughout Vermont, which resulted in extensive flooding and new streamflow records at nine streamgaging stations. Four presidential declarations of disaster were made following the 2011 flood events in Vermont.\n\nThirty-nine high-water marks were identified and flagged to mark the highest levels of Lake Champlain from the May 2011 flooding, and 1,138 high-water marks were identified and flagged along Vermont rivers after flooding from tropical storm Irene in August 2011. Seventy-four percent of the high-water marks that were flagged were later found and surveyed to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds763","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Medalie, L., and Olson, S., 2013, High-water marks from flooding in Lake Champlain from April through June 2011 and Tropical Storm Irene in August 2011 in Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 763, iv, 11 p.; Appendix Readme File; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds763.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.; Appendix Readme File; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds763.gif"},{"id":271777,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/763/pdf/ds763.pdf"},{"id":271778,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/763/appendixes_final/README.txt"},{"id":271779,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/763/appendixes_final/ds763_appendix1_Dewberry.pdf"},{"id":271776,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/763/"},{"id":271780,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/763/appendixes_final/ds763_appendix2.xls"},{"id":271781,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/763/appendixes_final/ds763_appendix3.kmz"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.4305,42.7268 ], [ -73.4305,45.0167 ], [ -71.465,45.0167 ], [ -71.465,42.7268 ], [ -73.4305,42.7268 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51837ce7e4b0a21483941a51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Medalie, Laura 0000-0002-2440-2149 lmedalie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-2149","contributorId":3657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medalie","given":"Laura","email":"lmedalie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, S.A.","contributorId":58681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045790,"text":"70045790 - 2013 - Restoring a stream, restoring a community-urban watershed restoration fosters community improvement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T19:39:23","indexId":"70045790","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Restoring a stream, restoring a community-urban watershed restoration fosters community improvement","docAbstract":"The Anacostia Watershed lies within the Chesapeake By drainage basin, and is one of the most urban watersheds within the basin. According to the Fish and Wildlife Service, the watershed spans over 175 square miles\tbetween Maryland and the District of Columbia and is considered by many to be one of the most\tdegraded waterways in the United States. Watts Branch is a tributary stream\tof the Anacostia River, and flows\tinto the Potomac River which eventually\tempties into  the Chesapeake Bay","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70045790","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C.C., and Myrick, E., 2013, Restoring a stream, restoring a community-urban watershed restoration fosters community improvement, https://doi.org/10.3133/70045790.","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Anacostia Watershed;Chesapeake Bay;Potomac River;Watts Branch","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.250717,39.038262 ], [ -77.250717,39.045917 ], [ -77.233672,39.045917 ], [ -77.233672,39.038262 ], [ -77.250717,39.038262 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5188d4e5e4b023d2d75b9a8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Catherine Cullinane","contributorId":44015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"Cullinane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myrick, Elizabeth","contributorId":17118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myrick","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045682,"text":"70045682 - 2013 - Detecting drawdowns masked by environmental stresses with water-level models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T13:48:22","indexId":"70045682","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting drawdowns masked by environmental stresses with water-level models","docAbstract":"<p>Detecting and quantifying small drawdown at observation wells distant from the pumping well greatly expands the characterized aquifer volume. However, this detection is often obscured by water level fluctuations such as barometric and tidal effects. A reliable analytical approach for distinguishing drawdown from nonpumping water-level fluctuations is presented and tested here. Drawdown is distinguished by analytically simulating all pumping and nonpumping water-level stresses simultaneously during the period of record. Pumping signals are generated with Theis models, where the pumping schedule is translated into water-level change with the Theis solution. This approach closely matched drawdowns simulated with a complex three-dimensional, hypothetical model and reasonably estimated drawdowns from an aquifer test conducted in a complex hydrogeologic system. Pumping-induced changes generated with a numerical model and analytical Theis model agreed (RMS as low as 0.007 m) in cases where pumping signals traveled more than 1 km across confining units and fault structures. Maximum drawdowns of about 0.05 m were analytically estimated from field investigations where environmental fluctuations approached 0.2&thinsp;m during the analysis period.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12042","usgsCitation":"Garcia, C., Halford, K.J., and Fenelon, J., 2013, Detecting drawdowns masked by environmental stresses with water-level models: Ground Water, v. 51, no. 3, p. 322-332, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12042.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"332","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033308","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473844,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12042","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271727,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271726,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12042"}],"volume":"51","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51837ce4e4b0a21483941a41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, C.A.","contributorId":90128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenelon, J.M.","contributorId":100430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048817,"text":"70048817 - 2013 - Great Lakes rivermouths: a primer for managers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T14:08:32","indexId":"70048817","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T12:58:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Great Lakes rivermouths: a primer for managers","docAbstract":"<p>Between the North American Great Lakes and their tributaries are the places where the confluence of river and lake waters creates a distinct ecosystem: the rivermouth ecosystem. Human development has often centered around these rivermouths, in part, because they provide a rich array of ecosystem services. Not surprisingly, centuries of intense human activity have led to substantial pressures on, and alterations to, these ecosystems, often diminishing or degrading their ecological functions and associated ecological services. Many Great Lakes rivermouths are the focus of intense restoration efforts. For example, 36 of the active Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs) are rivermouths or areas that include one or more rivermouths.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Historically, research of rivermouth ecosystems has been piecemeal, focused on the Great Lakes proper or on the upper reaches of tributaries, with little direct study of the rivermouth itself. Researchers have been divided among disciplines, agencies and institutions; and they often work independently and use disparate venues to communicate their work. Management has also been fragmented with a focus on smaller, localized, sub-habitat units and socio-political or economic elements, rather than system-level consideration.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This Primer presents the case for a more holistic approach to rivermouth science and management that can enable restoration of ecosystem services with multiple benefits to humans and the Great Lakes ecosystem. A conceptual model is presented with supporting text that describes the structures and processes common to all rivermouths, substantiating the case for treating these ecosystems as an identifiable class.<sup>1</sup> Ecological services provided by rivermouths and changes in how humans value those services over time are illustrated through case studies of two Great Lakes rivermouths—the St. Louis River and the Maumee River. Specific ecosystem services are identified in italics throughout this Primer and follow definitions described by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Table1). Collectively, this primer synthesizes existing information in a new way that aims to support management of rivermouths as distinct and important ecosystems. The development and management decisions made around rivermouths today will shape the future of these ecosystems, and the human communities within them, well into the future.</p>\n<br/>\n<p><sup>1</sup> The information presented in this paper was derived from discussions and draft documents of the Great Lakes Rivermouth Collaboratory. The Great Lakes Rivermouth Collaboratory was established by the U.S. Geological Survey's Great Lakes Science Center (USGS-GLSC) in collaboration with the Great Lakes Commission to engage the Great Lakes scientific community in sharing and documenting knowledge about freshwater rivermouth ecosystems. For more information, see http://www.glc.org/habitat/Rivermouth-Collaboratory.html.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Commission","usgsCitation":"Pebbles, V., Larson, J., and Seelbach, P., 2013, Great Lakes rivermouths: a primer for managers, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-045290","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada;United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528c96afe4b0c629af44ddb6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Pebbles, Victoria vpebbles@usgs.gov","contributorId":5633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pebbles","given":"Victoria","email":"vpebbles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509625,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, James","contributorId":50440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509627,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelbach, Paul","contributorId":8756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelbach","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509626,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Pebbles, Victoria vpebbles@usgs.gov","contributorId":5633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pebbles","given":"Victoria","email":"vpebbles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, James","contributorId":50440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelbach, Paul","contributorId":8756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelbach","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047207,"text":"70047207 - 2013 - Martian fluvial conglomerates at Gale Crater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:49:28","indexId":"70047207","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T12:01:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Martian fluvial conglomerates at Gale Crater","docAbstract":"Observations by the Mars Science Laboratory Mast Camera (Mastcam) in Gale crater reveal isolated outcrops of cemented pebbles (2 to 40 millimeters in diameter) and sand grains with textures typical of fluvial sedimentary conglomerates. Rounded pebbles in the conglomerates indicate substantial fluvial abrasion. ChemCam emission spectra at one outcrop show a predominantly feldspathic composition, consistent with minimal aqueous alteration of sediments. Sediment was mobilized in ancient water flows that likely exceeded the threshold conditions (depth 0.03 to 0.9 meter, average velocity 0.20 to 0.75 meter per second) required to transport the pebbles. Climate conditions at the time sediment was transported must have differed substantially from the cold, hyper-arid modern environment to permit aqueous flows across several kilometers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1237317","usgsCitation":"Williams, R.M., Grotzinger, J., Dietrich, W.E., Gupta, S., Sumner, D., Wiens, R.C., Mangold, N., Malin, M.C., Edgett, K., Maurice, S., Forni, O., Gasnault, O., Ollila, A., Newsom, H.E., Dromart, G., Palucis, M., Yingst, R., Anderson, R.B., Herkenhoff, K.E., Le Mouélic, S., Goetz, W., Madsen, M., Koefoed, A., Jensen, J., Bridges, J., Schwenzer, S., Lewis, K., Stack, K., Rubin, D., Kah, L., Bell, J., Farmer, J., Sullivan, R., Van Beek, T., Blaney, D., Pariser, O., and Deen, R., 2013, Martian fluvial conglomerates at Gale Crater: Science, v. 340, no. 6136, p. 1068-1072, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1237317.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1068","endPage":"1072","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-044465","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/129756","text":"External Repository"},{"id":275399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275398,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1237317"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"340","issue":"6136","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f25421e4b0279fe2e1c009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Rebecca M.E.","contributorId":34020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grotzinger, J.P.","contributorId":76053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietrich, W. E.","contributorId":47538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gupta, S.","contributorId":18652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sumner, D.Y.","contributorId":84143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wiens, R. C.","contributorId":101893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiens","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mangold, N.","contributorId":101164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangold","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Malin, M. C.","contributorId":68830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Edgett, K.S.","contributorId":66028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgett","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Maurice, S.","contributorId":18144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurice","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Forni, O.","contributorId":102354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forni","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Gasnault, O.","contributorId":31277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasnault","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ollila, A.","contributorId":30119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ollila","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Newsom, Horton E.","contributorId":67689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newsom","given":"Horton","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13339,"text":"University of New Mexico, Albuquerque","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Dromart, G.","contributorId":7153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dromart","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Palucis, 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kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Le Mouélic, S.","contributorId":77819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le Mouélic","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Goetz, W.","contributorId":104258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Madsen, M.B.","contributorId":97291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Koefoed, A.","contributorId":21440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koefoed","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Jensen, J.K.","contributorId":57347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Bridges, J.C.","contributorId":51968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Schwenzer, S.P.","contributorId":68201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwenzer","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Lewis, K.W.","contributorId":101784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Stack, K.M.","contributorId":20628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stack","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Rubin, D.","contributorId":73095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Kah, L.C.","contributorId":101543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kah","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Farmer, J.D.","contributorId":79671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Sullivan, R.","contributorId":63134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Van Beek, T.","contributorId":17896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Beek","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Blaney, D.L.","contributorId":43477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaney","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Pariser, O.","contributorId":34803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pariser","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Deen, R.G.","contributorId":46373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deen","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37}]}}
,{"id":70056365,"text":"70056365 - 2013 - Assessing factors affecting the thermal properties of a passive thermal refuge using three-dimensional hydrodynamic flow and transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T09:56:10","indexId":"70056365","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T09:48:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2505,"text":"Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing factors affecting the thermal properties of a passive thermal refuge using three-dimensional hydrodynamic flow and transport modeling","docAbstract":"Everglades restoration activities may cause changes to temperature and salinity stratification at the Port of the Islands (POI) marina, which could affect its suitability as a cold weather refuge for manatees. To better understand how the Picayune Strand Restoration Project (PSRP) may alter this important resource in Collier County in southwestern Florida, the USGS has developed a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the marina and canal system at POI. Empirical data suggest that manatees aggregate at the site during winter because of thermal inversions that provide warmer water near the bottom that appears to only occur in the presence of salinity stratification. To study these phenomena, the environmental fluid dynamics code simulator was used to represent temperature and salinity transport within POI. Boundary inputs were generated using a larger two-dimensional model constructed with the flow and transport in a linked overland-aquifer density-dependent system simulator. Model results for a representative winter period match observed trends in salinity and temperature fluctuations and produce temperature inversions similar to observed values. Modified boundary conditions, representing proposed PSRP alterations, were also tested to examine the possible effect on the salinity stratification and temperature inversion within POI. Results show that during some periods, salinity stratification is reduced resulting in a subsequent reduction in temperature inversion compared with the existing conditions simulation. This may have an effect on POI’s suitability as a passive thermal refuge for manatees and other temperature-sensitive species. Additional testing was completed to determine the important physical relationships affecting POI’s suitability as a refuge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000165","usgsCitation":"Decker, J.D., Swain, E.D., Stith, B., and Langtimm, C.A., 2013, Assessing factors affecting the thermal properties of a passive thermal refuge using three-dimensional hydrodynamic flow and transport modeling: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Engineering, v. 139, no. 3, p. 209-220, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000165.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-016534","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279309,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000165"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Faka Union Canal;Port Of The Islands Marina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.234287,25.627031 ], [ -81.234287,26.139366 ], [ -80.658594,26.139366 ], [ -80.658594,25.627031 ], [ -81.234287,25.627031 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"139","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528f53efe4b0660d392bed8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Decker, Jeremy D. 0000-0002-0700-515X jdecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-515X","contributorId":514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Jeremy","email":"jdecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stith, Bradley bstith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"Bradley","email":"bstith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048003,"text":"70048003 - 2013 - Hydrogen isotope investigation of amphibole and glass in dacite magmas erupted in 1980-1986 and 2005 at Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T08:50:54","indexId":"70048003","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T08:26:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogen isotope investigation of amphibole and glass in dacite magmas erupted in 1980-1986 and 2005 at Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"In active, shallow, sub-volcanic magma conduits the extent of the dehydrogenation–oxidation reaction in amphibole phenocrysts is controlled by energetic processes that cause crystal lattice damage or conditions that increase hydrogen diffusivity in magmatic phases. Amphibole phenocrysts separated from dacitic volcanic rocks erupted from 1980 to 1986 and in 2005 at Mount St. Helens (MSH) were analyzed for δD, water content and Fe<sup>3</sup>+/Fe<sup>2</sup>+, and fragments of glassy groundmass were analyzed for δD and water content. Changes in amphibole δD values through time are evaluated within the context of carefully observed volcanic eruption behavior and published petrological and geochemical investigations. Driving forces for amphibole dehydrogenation include increase in magma oxygen fugacity, decrease in amphibole hydrogen fugacity, or both. The phenocryst amphibole (δD value c. –57‰ and 2 wt % H<sub>2</sub>O) in the white fallout pumice of the May 18, 1980 plinian eruptive phase is probably little modified during rapid magma ascent up an ∼7 km conduit. Younger volcanic rocks incorporate some shallowly degassed dacitic magma from earlier pulses, based on amphibole phenocryst populations that exhibit varying degrees of dehydrogenation. Pyroclastic rocks from explosive eruptions in June–October 1980 have elevated abundances of mottled amphibole phenocrysts (peaking in some pyroclastic rocks erupted on July 22, 1980), and extensive amphibole dehydrogenation is linked to crystal damage from vesiculation and pyroclastic fountain collapse that increased effective hydrogen diffusion in amphibole. Multiple amphibole δD populations in many 1980 pyroclastic rocks combined with their groundmass characteristics (e.g. mixed pumice textures) support models of shallow mixing prior to, or during, eruption as new, volatile-rich magma pulses blended with more oxidized, degassed magma. Amphibole dehydrogenation is quenched at the top surface of MSH dacite lava lobes, but the diversity in the δD<sub>amph</sub> populations in original fresh lava flow surfaces may occur from blending magma domains with different ascent histories in the sub-volcanic environment immediately before eruption. Multi-stage open-system magma degassing operated in each parcel of magma rising toward the surface, whereas the magma below ∼7 km was a relatively closed system, at least to the October 1986 eruption based on the large population of minimally dehydrogenated, rim-free amphibole in the lavas. Magma degassing and possibly H isotope exchange with low-δD fluids around the roof zone may have accompanied the ∼1·5 km upward migration of the 1980 magma body. The low-δDamph (c. –188 to –122‰) oxy-amphibole phenocrysts in lava spines extruded in May 2005 reflect dehydrogenation as ascending viscous magma degassed and crystallized, and fractures that admitted oxygen into the hot solidified lava spine interior facilitated additional iron oxidation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egt005","usgsCitation":"Underwood, S., Feeley, T., and Clynne, M., 2013, Hydrogen isotope investigation of amphibole and glass in dacite magmas erupted in 1980-1986 and 2005 at Mount St. Helens, Washington: Journal of Petrology, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egt005.","productDescription":"24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-026724","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277328,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egt005"},{"id":277351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.2501,45.5578 ], [ -122.2501,46.3892 ], [ -121.5148,46.3892 ], [ -121.5148,45.5578 ], [ -122.2501,45.5578 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522af966e4b08fd0132e79ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Underwood, S.J.","contributorId":101734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feeley, T.C.","contributorId":17793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feeley","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70154966,"text":"70154966 - 2013 - Seasonal comparison of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a flooded coastal freshwater marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-22T10:49:58","indexId":"70154966","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2949,"text":"Open Journal Of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal comparison of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a flooded coastal freshwater marsh","docAbstract":"<p><span>Marsh flooding and drying may be important factors affecting aquatic macroinvertebrate density and distribution in coastal freshwater marshes. Limited availability of water as a result of drying in emergent marsh may decrease density, taxonomic diversity, and taxa richness. The principal objectives of this study are to characterize the seasonal aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblage in a freshwater emergent marsh and compare aquatic macroinvertebrate species composition, density, and taxonomic diversity to that of freshwater marsh ponds. We hypothesize that 1) freshwater emergent marsh has lower seasonal density and taxonomic diversity compared to that of freshwater marsh ponds; and 2) freshwater emergent marsh has lower taxa richness than freshwater marsh ponds. Seasonal aquatic macroinvertebrate density in freshwater emergent marsh ranged from 0 organisms/m</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>&nbsp;(summer 2009) to 91.1 &plusmn; 20.53 organisms/m</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>&nbsp;(mean &plusmn; SE; spring 2009). Density in spring was higher than in all other seasons. Taxonomic diversity did not differ and there were no unique species in the freshwater emergent marsh. Our data only partially support our first hypothesis as aquatic macroinvertebrate density and taxonomic diversity between freshwater emergent marsh and ponds did not differ in spring, fall, and winter but ponds supported higher macroinvertebrate densities than freshwater emergent marsh during summer. However, our data did not support our second hypothesis as taxa richness between freshwater emergent marsh and ponds did not statistically differ.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Research","doi":"10.4236/oje.2013.32011","usgsCitation":"Kang, S., and King, S.L., 2013, Seasonal comparison of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a flooded coastal freshwater marsh: Open Journal Of Ecology, v. 3, no. 2, p. 94-101, https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2013.32011.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"101","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042386","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2013.32011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"White Lakes Wetlands Conservation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.63397216796875,\n              29.766761583985765\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.63397216796875,\n              29.99300228455108\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.36480712890625,\n              29.99300228455108\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.36480712890625,\n              29.766761583985765\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.63397216796875,\n              29.766761583985765\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b0beaee4b09a3b01b530a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kang, Sung-Ryong","contributorId":140927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kang","given":"Sung-Ryong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189218,"text":"70189218 - 2013 - Colloid transport in saturated porous media: Elimination of attachment efficiency in a new colloid transport model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:50:16","indexId":"70189218","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colloid transport in saturated porous media: Elimination of attachment efficiency in a new colloid transport model","docAbstract":"<p><span>A colloid transport model is introduced that is conceptually simple yet captures the essential features of colloid transport and retention in saturated porous media when colloid retention is dominated by the secondary minimum because an electrostatic barrier inhibits substantial deposition in the primary minimum. This model is based on conventional colloid filtration theory (CFT) but eliminates the empirical concept of attachment efficiency. The colloid deposition rate is computed directly from CFT by assuming all predicted interceptions of colloids by collectors result in at least temporary deposition in the secondary minimum. Also, a new paradigm for colloid re-entrainment based on colloid population heterogeneity is introduced. To accomplish this, the initial colloid population is divided into two fractions. One fraction, by virtue of physiochemical characteristics (e.g., size and charge), will always be re-entrained after capture in a secondary minimum. The remaining fraction of colloids, again as a result of physiochemical characteristics, will be retained “irreversibly” when captured by a secondary minimum. Assuming the dispersion coefficient can be estimated from tracer behavior, this model has only two fitting parameters: (1) the fraction of the initial colloid population that will be retained “irreversibly” upon interception by a secondary minimum, and (2) the rate at which reversibly retained colloids leave the secondary minimum. These two parameters were correlated to the depth of the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) secondary energy minimum and pore-water velocity, two physical forces that influence colloid transport. Given this correlation, the model serves as a heuristic tool for exploring the influence of physical parameters such as surface potential and fluid velocity on colloid transport.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/wrcr.20195","usgsCitation":"Landkamer, L.L., Harvey, R.W., Scheibe, T.D., and Ryan, J.N., 2013, Colloid transport in saturated porous media: Elimination of attachment efficiency in a new colloid transport model: Water Resources Research, v. 49, no. 5, p. 2952-2965, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20195.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2952","endPage":"2965","ipdsId":"IP-014563","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20195","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c43e4b0d1f9f057e368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landkamer, Lee L.","contributorId":65679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landkamer","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scheibe, Timothy D.","contributorId":194243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheibe","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70187305,"text":"70187305 - 2013 - Assessing the potential of reservoir outflow management to reduce sedimentation using continuous turbidity monitoring and reservoir modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T14:31:57","indexId":"70187305","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the potential of reservoir outflow management to reduce sedimentation using continuous turbidity monitoring and reservoir modelling","docAbstract":"<p><span>In-stream sensors are increasingly deployed as part of ambient water quality-monitoring networks. Temporally dense data from these networks can be used to better understand the transport of constituents through streams, lakes or reservoirs. Data from existing, continuously recording in-stream flow and water quality monitoring stations were coupled with the two-dimensional hydrodynamic CE-QUAL-W2 model to assess the potential of altered reservoir outflow management to reduce sediment trapping in John Redmond Reservoir, located in east-central Kansas. Monitoring stations upstream and downstream from the reservoir were used to estimate 5.6 million metric tons of sediment transported to John Redmond Reservoir from 2007 through 2010, 88% of which was trapped within the reservoir. The two-dimensional model was used to estimate the residence time of 55 equal-volume releases from the reservoir; sediment trapping for these releases varied from 48% to 97%. Smaller trapping efficiencies were observed when the reservoir was maintained near the normal operating capacity (relative to higher flood pool levels) and when average residence times were relatively short. An idealized, alternative outflow management scenario was constructed, which minimized reservoir elevations and the length of time water was in the reservoir, while continuing to meet downstream flood control end points identified in the reservoir water control manual. The alternative scenario is projected to reduce sediment trapping in the reservoir by approximately 3%, preventing approximately 45 000 metric tons of sediment from being deposited within the reservoir annually. This article presents an approach to quantify the potential of reservoir management using existing in-stream data; actual management decisions need to consider the effects on other reservoir benefits, such as downstream flood control and aquatic life. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.9284","usgsCitation":"Lee, C.J., and Foster, G.M., 2013, Assessing the potential of reservoir outflow management to reduce sedimentation using continuous turbidity monitoring and reservoir modelling: Hydrological Processes, v. 27, no. 10, p. 1426-1439, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9284.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1426","endPage":"1439","ipdsId":"IP-026625","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030329e4b0e862d230f753","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Casey J. 0000-0002-5753-2038 cjlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5753-2038","contributorId":2627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Casey","email":"cjlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, Guy M. 0000-0002-9581-057X gfoster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9581-057X","contributorId":149145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Guy","email":"gfoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045741,"text":"sir20135024 - 2013 - Estimated rates of groundwater recharge to the Chicot, Evangeline and Jasper aquifers by using environmental tracers in Montgomery and adjacent counties, Texas, 2008 and 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T14:04:03","indexId":"sir20135024","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5024","title":"Estimated rates of groundwater recharge to the Chicot, Evangeline and Jasper aquifers by using environmental tracers in Montgomery and adjacent counties, Texas, 2008 and 2011","docAbstract":"<p>Montgomery County is in the northern part of the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area, the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the United States. As populations have increased since the 1980s, groundwater has become an important resource for public-water supply and industry in the rapidly growing area of Montgomery County. Groundwater availability from the Gulf Coast aquifer system is a primary concern for water managers and community planners in Montgomery County and requires a better understanding of the rate of recharge to the system. The Gulf Coast aquifer system in Montgomery County consists of the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, the Burkeville confining unit, and underlying Catahoula confining system. The individual sand and clay sequences of the aquifers composing the Gulf Coast aquifer system are not laterally or vertically continuous on a regional scale; however, on a local scale, individual sand and clay lenses can extend over several miles. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, collected groundwater-quality samples from selected wells within or near Montgomery County in 2008 and analyzed these samples for concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>), tritium (3H), helium-3/tritium (<sup>3</sup>He/<sup>3</sup>H), helium-4 (<sup>4</sup>He), and dissolved gases (DG) that include argon, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen and oxygen. Groundwater ages, or apparent age, representing residence times since time of recharge, were determined by using the assumption of a piston-flow transport model. Most of the environmental tracer data indicated the groundwater was recharged prior to the 1950s, limiting the usefulness of CFCs, SF<sub>6</sub>, and <sup>3</sup>H concentrations as tracers. In many cases, no tracer was usable at a well for the purpose of estimating an apparent age. Wells not usable for estimating an apparent age were resampled in 2011 and analyzed for concentrations of major ions and carbon-14 (<sup>14</sup>C). At six of these wells, additional <sup>4</sup>He and DG samples were collected and analyzed.</p>\n<p>Recharge rates estimated from environmental tracer data are dependent upon several hydrogeologic variables and have inherent uncertainties. By using the recharge estimates derived from samples collected from 14 wells completed in the Chicot aquifer for which apparent groundwater ages could be determined, recharge to the Chicot aquifer ranged from 0.2 to 7.2 inches (in.) per year (yr). Based on data from one well, estimated recharge to the unconfined zone of the Evangeline aquifer (outcrop) was 0.1 in./yr. Based on data collected from eight wells, estimated rates of recharge to the confined zone of the Evangeline aquifer ranged from less than 0.1 to 2.8 in./yr. Based on data from one well, estimated recharge to the unconfined zone of the Jasper aquifer (outcrop) was 0.5 in./yr. Based on data collected from nine wells, estimated rates of recharge to the confined zone of the Jasper aquifer ranged from less than 0.1 to 0.1 in./yr. The complexity of the hydrogeology in the area, uncertainty in the conceptual model, and numerical assumptions required in the determination of the recharge rates all pose limitations and need to be considered when evaluating these data on a countywide or regional scale. The estimated recharge rates calculated for this study are specific to each well location and should not be extrapolated or inferred as a countywide average. Local variations in the hydrogeology and surficial conditions can affect the recharge rate at a local scale.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Oden, T., and Truini, M., 2013, Estimated rates of groundwater recharge to the Chicot, Evangeline and Jasper aquifers by using environmental tracers in Montgomery and adjacent counties, Texas, 2008 and 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5024, Document: viii, 50 p.; Appendixes 1-5, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135024.","productDescription":"Document: viii, 50 p.; Appendixes 1-5","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042849","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135024.gif"},{"id":271693,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5024/SIR2013-5024.pdf"},{"id":271694,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5024/Appendixes/Appendix%202.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2"},{"id":271695,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5024/Appendixes/Appendix%201.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1"},{"id":271692,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5024/"},{"id":271696,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5024/Appendixes/Appendix%203.pdf","text":"Appendix 3"},{"id":271697,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5024/Appendixes/Appendix%204.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4"},{"id":271698,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5024/Appendixes/Appendix%205.xlsx","text":"Appendix 5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.6,25.8 ], [ -106.6,36.5 ], [ -93.5,36.5 ], [ -93.5,25.8 ], [ -106.6,25.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51822b53e4b04bbc6ead26f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oden, Timothy D. toden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"Timothy D.","email":"toden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045736,"text":"sir20135045 - 2013 - Investigations of groundwater system and simulation of regional groundwater flow for North Penn Area 7 Superfund site, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-01T08:11:34","indexId":"sir20135045","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5045","title":"Investigations of groundwater system and simulation of regional groundwater flow for North Penn Area 7 Superfund site, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater in the vicinity of several industrial facilities in Upper Gwynedd Township and vicinity, Montgomery County, in southeast Pennsylvania has been shown to be contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the most common of which is the solvent trichloroethylene (TCE). The 2-square-mile area was placed on the National Priorities List as the North Penn Area 7 Superfund site by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 1989. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted geophysical logging, aquifer testing, and water-level monitoring, and measured streamflows in and near North Penn Area 7 from fall 2000 through fall 2006 in a technical assistance study for the USEPA to develop an understanding of the hydrogeologic framework in the area as part of the USEPA Remedial Investigation. In addition, the USGS developed a groundwater-flow computer model based on the hydrogeologic framework to simulate regional groundwater flow and to estimate directions of groundwater flow and pathways of groundwater contaminants. The study area is underlain by Triassic- and Jurassic-age sandstones and shales of the Lockatong Formation and Brunswick Group in the Mesozoic Newark Basin. Regionally, these rocks strike northeast and dip to the northwest. The sequence of rocks form a fractured-sedimentary-rock aquifer that acts as a set of confined to partially confined layers of differing permeabilities. Depth to competent bedrock typically is less than 20 ft below land surface. The aquifer layers are recharged locally by precipitation and discharge locally to streams. The general configuration of the potentiometric surface in the aquifer is similar to topography, except in areas affected by pumping. The headwaters of Wissahickon Creek are nearby, and the stream flows southwest, parallel to strike, to bisect North Penn Area 7. Groundwater is pumped in the vicinity of North Penn Area 7 for industrial use, public supply, and residential supply. Results of field investigations by USGS at the site and results from other studies support, and are consistent with, a conceptual model of a layered leaky aquifer where the dip of the beds has a strong control on hydraulic connections in the groundwater system. Connections within and (or) parallel to bedding tend to be greater than across bedding. Transmissivities of aquifer intervals isolated by packers ranged over three orders of magnitude [from about 2.8 to 2,290 square feet per day (ft<sup>2</sup>/d) or 0.26 to 213 square meters per day (m<sup>2</sup>/d)], did not appear to differ much by mapped geologic unit, but showed some relation to depth being relatively smaller in the shallowest and deepest intervals (0 to 50 ft and more than 250 ft below land surface, respectively) compared to the intermediate depth intervals (50 to 250 ft below land surface) tested. Transmissivities estimated from multiple-observation well aquifer tests ranged from about 700 to 2,300 ft<sup>2</sup>/d (65 to 214 m<sup>2</sup>/d). Results of chemical analyses of water from isolated intervals or monitoring wells open to short sections of the aquifer show vertical differences in concentrations; chloride and silica concentrations generally were greater in shallow intervals than in deeper intervals. Chloride concentrations greater than 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L), combined with distinctive chloride/bromide ratios, indicate a different source of chloride in the western part of North Penn Area 7 than elsewhere in the site. Groundwater flow at a regional scale under steady-state conditions was simulated by use of a numerical model (MODFLOW-2000) for North Penn Area 7 with different layers representing saprolite/highly weathered rock near the surface and unweathered competent bedrock. The sedimentary formations that underlie the study area were modeled using dipping model layers for intermediate and deep zones of unweathered, fractured rock. Horizontal cell model size was 100 meters (m) by 100 meters (328 ft by 328 ft), and model layer thickness ranged from 6 m (19.7 ft) representing shallow weathered rock and saprolite up to 200 m (656 ft) representing deeper dipping bedrock. The model did not include detailed structure to account for local-scale differences in hydraulic properties, with the result that local-scale groundwater flow may not be well simulated. Additional detailed multi-well aquifer tests would be needed to establish the extent of interconnection between intervals at the local scale to address remediation of contamination at each source area. This regional groundwater-flow model was calibrated against measured groundwater levels (1996, 2000, and 2005) and base flow estimated from selected streamflow measurements by use of nonlinear-regression parameter-estimation algorithms to determine hydraulic conductivity and anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity, streambed hydraulic conductivity, and recharge during calibration periods. Results of the simulation using the calibrated regional model indicate that the aquifer appears to be anisotropic where hydraulic conductivity is greatest parallel to the orientation of bedding of the formations underlying the area and least in the cross-bed direction. The maximum hydraulic conductivity is aligned with the average regional strike of the formations, which is &ldquo;subhorizontal&rdquo; in the model because the altitudes of the beds and model cells vary in the strike, as well as dip, direction. Estimated subhorizontal hydraulic conductivities (in strike direction parallel to dipping beds) range from 0.001 to 1.67 meters per day (0.0032 to 5.5 feet per day). The ratio of minimum (dip direction) to maximum (strike direction) subhorizontal hydraulic conductivity ranges from 1/3.1 to 1/8.6, and the ratio of vertical to horizontal hydraulic conductivity ranges from 1/1 to 1/478. However, limited available field data precluded rigorous calibration of vertical anisotropy in the model. Estimated recharge rates corresponding to calibration periods in 1996, 2000, and 2005 are 150, 109, and 124 millimeters per year (5.9, 4.3, and 4.9 inches per year), respectively. The calibrated groundwater-flow model was used to simulate groundwater flow under steady-state conditions during periods of relatively high withdrawals (pumpage) (1990) and relatively low withdrawals (2000 and 2005). Groundwater-flow paths originating from recharge areas near known areas of soil contamination (sources) were simulated. Pumped industrial and production wells captured more groundwater from several of these sources during 1990 than after 1990 when pumping declined or ceased and greater amounts of contaminated groundwater moved away from North Penn Area 7 Superfund site to surrounding areas. Uncertainty in simulated groundwater-flow paths from contaminant sources and contributing areas, resulting from uncertainty in estimated hydraulic properties of the model, was illustrated through Monte Carlo simulations. The effect of uncertainty in the vertical anisotropy was not included in the Monte Carlo simulations. Contributing areas indicating the general configuration of groundwater flow towards production well MG-202 (L-22) in the study area also were simulated for the different time periods; as simulated, the flow paths do not pass through any identified contaminant source in North Penn Area 7. However, contributing areas to wells, such as MG-202, located near many pumped wells are particularly complex and, in some cases, include areas that contribute flow to streams that subsequently recharge the aquifer through stream loss. In these cases, water-quality constituents, including contaminants that are present in surface water may be drawn into the aquifer to nearby pumped wells. Results of a simulated shutdown of well MG-202 under steady-state 2005 conditions showed that the area contributing recharge for nearby production well MG-76 (L-17), when MG-202 is not pumping, shifts downstream and is similar to the area contributing recharge for MG-202 when both wells are pumping. Concentrations of constituents in groundwater samples collected in fall 2005 or spring 2006 were compared to simulated groundwater-flow paths for the year 2005 to provide a qualitative assessment of model results. The observed spatial distribution of selected constituents, including TCE, CFC-11, and CFC-113 in groundwater in 2005 and the chloride/bromide mass ratios in 2006, generally were consistent with the model results of the simulated 2005 groundwater-flow paths at North Penn Area 7, indicating the presence of several separate sources of contaminants within North Penn Area 7.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135045","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., and Goode, D., 2013, Investigations of groundwater system and simulation of regional groundwater flow for North Penn Area 7 Superfund site, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania (Version 1: Originally posted April 30, 2013; Version 1.1: April 30, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5045, xii, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135045.","productDescription":"xii, 95 p.","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1990-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-07-01","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135045.jpg"},{"id":271689,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5045/"},{"id":271690,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5045/support/sir2013-5045.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 18","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Montgomery","city":"Upper Gwynedd","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.33050537109375,\n              40.17939793281656\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.33050537109375,\n              40.23079086353824\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.23162841796875,\n              40.23079086353824\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.23162841796875,\n              40.17939793281656\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.33050537109375,\n              40.17939793281656\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted April 30, 2013; Version 1.1: April 30, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5543522ee4b0a658d79414af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045895,"text":"70045895 - 2013 - Mineral resource of the month: diatomite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T16:36:11","indexId":"70045895","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: diatomite","docAbstract":"The article discusses the properties and applications of the mineral diatomite. According to the author, diatomite is a soft, friable and very fine-grained siliceous sedimentary rock made of the remains of fossilized diatoms. The author adds that its properties make diatomite very useful as a filtration medium and as a component in cement.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2013, Mineral resource of the month: diatomite: Earth, v. 58, no. 4, p. 57-57.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518b73eae4b0037667dbc836","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180385,"text":"70180385 - 2013 - Chromophoric dissolved organic matter export from U.S. rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T09:50:20","indexId":"70180385","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromophoric dissolved organic matter export from U.S. rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluxes and yields from 15 major U.S. rivers draining an assortment of terrestrial biomes are presented. A robust relationship between CDOM and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loads is established (e.g., </span><i>a</i><sub>350</sub><span> versus DOC; r</span><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.96, p &lt; 0.001). Calculated CDOM yields are also correlated to watershed percent wetland (e.g. </span><i>a</i><sub>350</sub><span>; r</span><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.81, p &lt; 0.001) providing a method for the estimation of CDOM export from ungauged watersheds. A large variation in CDOM yields was found across the rivers. The two rivers in the north-eastern U.S. (Androscoggin and Penobscot), the Edisto draining into the South Atlantic Bight, and some rivers draining into the Gulf of Mexico (Atchafalaya and Mobile) exhibit the highest CDOM yields, linked to extensive wetlands in these watersheds. If the Edisto CDOM yield is representative of other rivers draining into the South Atlantic Bight, this would result in a CDOM load equivalent to that of the Mississippi from a region of approximately 10% of the Mississippi watershed, indicating the importance of certain regions with respect to the role of terrigenous CDOM in ocean color budgets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/grl.50357","usgsCitation":"Spencer, R., Aiken, G.R., Dornblaser, M.M., Butler, K.D., Holmes, R.M., Fiske, G., Mann, P.J., and Stubbins, A., 2013, Chromophoric dissolved organic matter export from U.S. rivers: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 8, p. 1575-1579, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50357.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1575","endPage":"1579","ipdsId":"IP-036933","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef1e4b072a7ac0cad3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":139731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[{"id":12894,"text":"Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. kebutler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmes, R. Max","contributorId":7957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Max","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fiske, Greg","contributorId":178906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fiske","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mann, Paul J.","contributorId":178897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mann","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stubbins, Aron","contributorId":80949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stubbins","given":"Aron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70042887,"text":"70042887 - 2013 - Short-term variability of <sup>7</sup>Be atmospheric deposition and watershed response in a Pacific coastal stream, Monterey Bay, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-10T10:30:22","indexId":"70042887","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2263,"text":"Journal of Environmental Radioactivity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term variability of <sup>7</sup>Be atmospheric deposition and watershed response in a Pacific coastal stream, Monterey Bay, California, USA","docAbstract":"Beryllium-7 is a powerful and commonly used tracer for environmental processes such as watershed sediment provenance, soil erosion, fluvial and nearshore sediment cycling, and atmospheric fallout. However, few studies have quantified temporal or spatial variability of <sup>7</sup>Be accumulation from atmospheric fallout, and parameters that would better define the uses and limitations of this geochemical tracer. We investigated the abundance and variability of <sup>7</sup>Be in atmospheric deposition in both rain events and dry periods, and in stream surface-water samples collected over a ten-month interval at sites near northern Monterey Bay (37°N, 122°W) on the central California coast, a region characterized by a rainy winters, dry summers, and small mountainous streams with flashy hydrology. The range of <sup>7</sup>Be activity in rainwater samples from the main sampling site was 1.3–4.4 Bq L<sup>−1</sup>, with a mean (±standard deviation) of 2.2 ± 0.9 Bq L<sup>−1</sup>, and a volume-weighted average of 2.0 Bq L<sup>−1</sup>. The range of wet atmospheric deposition was 18–188 Bq m<sup>−2</sup> per rain event, with a mean of 72 ± 53 Bq m<sup>−2</sup>. Dry deposition fluxes of <sup>7</sup>Be ranged from less than 0.01 up to 0.45 Bq m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>, with an estimated dry season deposition of 7 Bq m<sup>−2</sup> month<sup>−1</sup>. Annualized <sup>7</sup>Be atmospheric deposition was approximately 1900 Bq m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>, with most deposition via rainwater (>95%) and little via dry deposition. Overall, these activities and deposition fluxes are similar to values found in other coastal locations with comparable latitude and Mediterranean-type climate. Particulate <sup>7</sup>Be values in the surface water of the San Lorenzo River in Santa Cruz, California, ranged from <0.01 Bq g<sup>−1</sup> to 0.6 Bq g<sup>−1</sup>, with a median activity of 0.26 Bq g<sup>−1</sup>. A large storm event in January 2010 characterized by prolonged flooding resulted in the entrainment of <sup>7</sup>Be-depleted sediment, presumably from substantial erosion in the watershed. There were too few particulate <sup>7</sup>Be data over the storm to accurately model a <sup>7</sup>Be load, but the results suggest enhanced watershed export of <sup>7</sup>Be from small, mountainous river systems compared to other watershed types.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Radioactivity","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.02.004","usgsCitation":"Conaway, C., Storlazzi, C., Draut, A.E., and Swarzenski, P.W., 2013, Short-term variability of <sup>7</sup>Be atmospheric deposition and watershed response in a Pacific coastal stream, Monterey Bay, California, USA: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, v. 120, p. 94-103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.02.004.","startPage":"94","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-041747","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272170,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.02.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay;San Lorenzo River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.3,36.9 ], [ -122.3,37.3 ], [ -122.9,37.3 ], [ -122.9,36.9 ], [ -122.3,36.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"120","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518e16e1e4b05ebc8f7cc2ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conaway, Christopher H.","contributorId":52620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Christopher H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189221,"text":"70189221 - 2013 - Community-based water-quality monitoring in the Yukon River Basin and the Kuskokwim Watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T09:44:47","indexId":"70189221","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5452,"text":"Witness the Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Community-based water-quality monitoring in the Yukon River Basin and the Kuskokwim Watershed","docAbstract":"The unique partnership between the USGS and the YRITWC provides mutual benefits by fostering outreach efforts that have been essential for community empowerment and by generating scientific data for prohibitively large and remote regions that would be challenging for USGS scientists to sample as robustly alone. The addition of a new partnership with the KRWC to create a community-based monitoring program will only increase these benefits by growing the spatial extent of data collection and empowering more people to take charge of important science in their own backyard.","language":"English","publisher":"ARCUS","usgsCitation":"Herman-Mercer, N.M., 2013, Community-based water-quality monitoring in the Yukon River Basin and the Kuskokwim Watershed: Witness the Arctic, v. 2, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-045234","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343384,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343382,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.arcus.org/witness-the-arctic/2013/2/article/19953"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon","otherGeospatial":"Kuskokwim River Basin. 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,{"id":70045710,"text":"ofr20131051 - 2013 - Water temperature and baseflow discharge of streams throughout the range of Rio Grande cutthroat trout in Colorado and New Mexico—2010 and 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-30T12:29:30","indexId":"ofr20131051","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1051","title":"Water temperature and baseflow discharge of streams throughout the range of Rio Grande cutthroat trout in Colorado and New Mexico—2010 and 2011","docAbstract":"This study characterized the thermal regime in a number of Colorado and New Mexico streams that contain populations of Rio Grande cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis) and had no previous record of continual temperature records. When compared to Colorado’s water temperature criteria (Cold Tier 1), a portion of these populations appeared to be at risk from elevated stream temperatures, as indicated by exceedance of both acute (17–22 percent) and chronic (2–9 percent) water quality metrics. Summer water temperature profiles recorded at sites within current Rio Grande cutthroat trout habitat indicated that although the majority of currently occupied conservation streams have temperatures that fall well below these biologically based acute and chronic thermal thresholds, several sites may be at or approaching water temperatures considered stressful to cutthroat trout. Further, water temperatures should be considered in decisions regarding the current and future thermal suitability of potential Rio Grande cutthroat trout restoration sites. Additionally, baseflow discharge sampling indicated that a majority of the sampled stream segments containing Rio Grande cutthroat trout have flows less than 1.0 cubic feet per second (cfs) in both 2010 (74 percent) and 2011 (77 percent). The relative drought sensitivity of these low baseflow streams containing Rio Grande cutthroat trout could be further evaluated to assess their probable sustainability under possible future drought conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131051","usgsCitation":"Zeigler, M., Todd, A., and Caldwell, C.A., 2013, Water temperature and baseflow discharge of streams throughout the range of Rio Grande cutthroat trout in Colorado and New Mexico—2010 and 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1051, Report: vi, 19 p.; Appendix A: Monitoring Site Data for Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout Populations Part 1 and Part 2 PDFs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131051.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 19 p.; Appendix A: Monitoring Site Data for Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout Populations Part 1 and Part 2 PDFs","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":205,"text":"Cooperative Research Units","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131051.gif"},{"id":271661,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1051/Appendix%20A_1.pdf"},{"id":271659,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1051/"},{"id":271662,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1051/Appendix%20A_2.pdf"},{"id":271660,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1051/ofr2013-1051.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;New Mexico;Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5180d9dde4b0df838b924d3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeigler, Matthew P.","contributorId":44401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigler","given":"Matthew P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, Andrew S.","contributorId":33162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Andrew S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, Colleen A. 0000-0002-4730-4867 ccaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-4867","contributorId":3050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Colleen","email":"ccaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045697,"text":"sir20135042 - 2013 - Simulation of groundwater flow, effects of artificial recharge, and storage volume changes in the Equus Beds aquifer near the city of Wichita, Kansas well field, 1935–2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-30T10:39:05","indexId":"sir20135042","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5042","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow, effects of artificial recharge, and storage volume changes in the Equus Beds aquifer near the city of Wichita, Kansas well field, 1935–2008","docAbstract":"The Equus Beds aquifer is a primary water-supply source for Wichita, Kansas and the surrounding area because of shallow depth to water, large saturated thickness, and generally good water quality. Substantial water-level declines in the Equus Beds aquifer have resulted from pumping groundwater for agricultural and municipal needs, as well as periodic drought conditions. In March 2006, the city of Wichita began construction of the Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery project to store and later recover groundwater, and to form a hydraulic barrier to the known chloride-brine plume near Burrton, Kansas. In October 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Wichita, began a study to determine groundwater flow in the area of the Wichita well field, and chloride transport from the Arkansas River and Burrton oilfield to the Wichita well field.  Groundwater flow was simulated for the Equus Beds aquifer using the three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater-flow model MODFLOW-2000. The model simulates steady-state and transient conditions. The groundwater-flow model was calibrated by adjusting model input data and model geometry until model results matched field observations within an acceptable level of accuracy. The root mean square (RMS) error for water-level observations for the steady-state calibration simulation is 9.82 feet. The ratio of the RMS error to the total head loss in the model area is 0.049 and the mean error for water-level observations is 3.86 feet. The difference between flow into the model and flow out of the model across all model boundaries is -0.08 percent of total flow for the steady-state calibration. The RMS error for water-level observations for the transient calibration simulation is 2.48 feet, the ratio of the RMS error to the total head loss in the model area is 0.0124, and the mean error for water-level observations is 0.03 feet. The RMS error calculated for observed and simulated base flow gains or losses for the Arkansas River for the transient simulation is 7,916,564 cubic feet per day (91.6 cubic feet per second) and the RMS error divided by (/) the total range in streamflow (7,916,564/37,461,669 cubic feet per day) is 22 percent. The RMS error calculated for observed and simulated streamflow gains or losses for the Little Arkansas River for the transient simulation is 5,610,089 cubic feet per day(64.9 cubic feet per second) and the RMS error divided by the total range in streamflow (5,612,918/41,791,091 cubic feet per day) is 13 percent. The mean error between observed and simulated base flow gains or losses was 29,999 cubic feet per day (0.34 cubic feet per second) for the Arkansas River and -1,369,250 cubic feet per day (-15.8 cubic feet per second) for the Little Arkansas River. Cumulative streamflow gain and loss observations are similar to the cumulative simulated equivalents. Average percent mass balance difference for individual stress periods ranged from -0.46 to 0.51 percent. The cumulative mass balance for the transient calibration was 0.01 percent.  Composite scaled sensitivities indicate the simulations are most sensitive to parameters with a large areal distribution. For the steady-state calibration, these parameters include recharge, hydraulic conductivity, and vertical conductance. For the transient simulation, these parameters include evapotranspiration, recharge, and hydraulic conductivity.  The ability of the calibrated model to account for the additional groundwater recharged to the Equus Beds aquifer as part of the Aquifer Storage and Recovery project was assessed by using the U.S. Geological Survey subregional water budget program ZONEBUDGET and comparing those results to metered recharge for 2007 and 2008 and previous estimates of artificial recharge. The change in storage between simulations is the volume of water that estimates the recharge credit for the aquifer storage and recovery system.  The estimated increase in storage of 1,607 acre-ft in the basin storage area compared to metered recharge of 1,796 acre-ft indicates some loss of metered recharge. Increased storage outside of the basin storage area of 183 acre-ft accounts for all but 6 acre-ft or 0.33 percent of the total. Previously estimated recharge credits for 2007 and 2008 are 1,018 and 600 acre-ft, respectively, and a total estimated recharge credit of 1,618 acre-ft. Storage changes calculated for this study are 4.42 percent less for 2007 and 5.67 percent more for 2008 than previous estimates. Total storage change for 2007 and 2008 is 0.68 percent less than previous estimates. The small difference between the increase in storage from artificial recharge estimated with the groundwater-flow model and metered recharge indicates the groundwater model correctly accounts for the additional water recharged to the Equus Beds aquifer as part of the Aquifer Storage and Recovery project. Small percent differences between inflows and outflows for all stress periods and all index cells in the basin storage area, improved calibration compared to the previous model, and a reasonable match between simulated and measured long-term base flow indicates the groundwater model accurately simulates groundwater flow in the study area.  The change in groundwater level through recent years compared to the August 1940 groundwater level map has been documented and used to assess the change of storage volume of the Equus Beds aquifer in and near the Wichita well field for three different areas. Two methods were used to estimate changes in storage from simulation results using simulated change in groundwater levels in layer 1 between stress periods, and using ZONEBUDGET to calculate the change in storage in the same way the effects of artificial recharge were estimated within the basin storage area. The three methods indicate similar trends although the magnitude of storage changes differ.  Information about the change in storage in response to hydrologic stresses is important for managing groundwater resources in the study area. The comparison between the three methods indicates similar storage change trends are estimated and each could be used to determine relative increases or decreases in storage. Use of groundwater level changes that do not include storage changes that occur in confined or semi-confined parts of the aquifer will slightly underestimate storage changes; however, use of specific yield and groundwater level changes to estimate storage change in confined or semi-confined parts of the aquifer will overestimate storage changes. Using only changes in shallow groundwater levels would provide more accurate storage change estimates for the measured groundwater levels method.  The value used for specific yield is also an important consideration when estimating storage. For the Equus Beds aquifer the reported specific yield ranges between 0.08 and 0.35 and the storage coefficient (for confined conditions) ranges between 0.0004 and 0.16. Considering the importance of the value of specific yield and storage coefficient to estimates of storage change over time, and the wide range and substantial overlap for the reported values for specific yield and storage coefficient in the study area, further information on the distribution of specific yield and storage coefficient within the Equus Beds aquifer in the study area would greatly enhance the accuracy of estimated storage changes using both simulated groundwater level, simulated groundwater budget, or measured groundwater level methods.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Wichita, Kansas, as part of the Equus Beds Groundwater Recharge Project","usgsCitation":"Kelly, B.P., Pickett, L.L., Hansen, C.V., and Ziegler, A., 2013, Simulation of groundwater flow, effects of artificial recharge, and storage volume changes in the Equus Beds aquifer near the city of Wichita, Kansas well field, 1935–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5042, Report: viii, 92 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135042.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 92 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"102","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042806","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/SIR20135042.gif"},{"id":271632,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5042/downloads/"},{"id":271630,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5042/"},{"id":271631,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5042/sir2013-5042.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Wichita","otherGeospatial":"Equus Beds Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.3,37.6 ], [ -98.3,38.05 ], [ -97.16,38.05 ], [ -97.16,37.6 ], [ -98.3,37.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5180d9dce4b0df838b924d35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Brian P. 0000-0001-6378-2837 bkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-2837","contributorId":897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Brian","email":"bkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pickett, Linda L.","contributorId":108377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickett","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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