The chemical and isotopic compositions of hot-spring water and gas are used to estimate subsurface temperatures. The basic assumptions inherent in the methods are seldom stipulated. These assumptions include (1) a temperature-dependent reaction at depth, (2) a supply of the solid phase involved in the reaction to permit saturation of the constituent used for geothermometry, (3) water-rock equilibrium at depth, (4) negligible re-equilibration as the water flows to the surface, and (5) no dilution or mixing of hot and cold water. The first three assumptions are probably good for a few reactions that occur in many places. The last two assumptions probably are not valid for many hot-spring systems; information obtained is therefore for the shallower parts of those systems, or a limiting temperature (generally a minimum) is indicated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R., White, D., and Truesdell, A.H., 1974, Geochemical indicators of subsurface temperature: Part 1, basic assumptions: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 3, p. 259-262.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"262","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue3/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, R.O.","contributorId":73584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, D. E.","contributorId":20729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Truesdell, A. H.","contributorId":140646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70247389,"text":"70247389 - 1974 - Adsorption of MBAS from wastewaters and secondary effluents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T13:40:43.818053","indexId":"70247389","displayToPublicDate":"1974-05-01T08:37:14","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2573,"text":"Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adsorption of MBAS from wastewaters and secondary effluents","docAbstract":"On the basis of adsorption behavior, there seems to be three groups of methylene blue active substances (MBAS) in wastewaters and secondary effluents. The first group is observed at low dosages of activated carbon, contains the bulk of the total MBAS, and is readily adsorbable. The second is noted at intermediate dosages, contains a small part of the total, and is poorly adsorbable. The third occurs at very high dosages, contains a small part, and is essentially nonadsorbable. Analysis by the Freundlich adsorption model indicates that organic materials in wastewaters and effluents exert a strong competitive effect on the adsorption of MBAS. When competitive effects are normalized, however, the MBAS in wastewaters are slightly more adsorbable than those in effluents.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Rickert, D.A., and Hunter, J.V., 1974, Adsorption of MBAS from wastewaters and secondary effluents: Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, v. 46, no. 5, p. 911-919.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"911","endPage":"919","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":419489,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25038733","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rickert, David A.","contributorId":80247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickert","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, Joseph V.","contributorId":317838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70246989,"text":"70246989 - 1974 - The \"consanguineous\" origin of a tourmaline-bearing gold deposit: Passagem de Mariana (Brazil); discussion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-21T13:28:49.560244","indexId":"70246989","displayToPublicDate":"1974-05-01T08:19:07","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The \"consanguineous\" origin of a tourmaline-bearing gold deposit: Passagem de Mariana (Brazil); discussion","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.69.3.416","usgsCitation":"Barbosa, A.L., Grossi Sad, J.H., and Dorr, J.V., 1974, The \"consanguineous\" origin of a tourmaline-bearing gold deposit: Passagem de Mariana (Brazil); discussion: Economic Geology, v. 69, no. 3, p. 416-419, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.69.3.416.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"419","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Passagem de Mariana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -43.46420282628881,\n -20.38174605136831\n ],\n [\n -43.46420282628881,\n -20.407563106243074\n ],\n [\n -43.42661864488153,\n -20.407563106243074\n ],\n [\n -43.42661864488153,\n -20.38174605136831\n ],\n [\n -43.46420282628881,\n -20.38174605136831\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1974-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbosa, A. L. M.","contributorId":66325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbosa","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grossi Sad, J. H.","contributorId":316830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grossi Sad","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorr, John Van N.","contributorId":18730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Van N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156685,"text":"70156685 - 1974 - Stabilities of calcite and aragonite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T16:08:31","indexId":"70156685","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-27T15:45:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stabilities of calcite and aragonite","docAbstract":"A revaluation of the 25° C activity-product constants of calcite (KC) and aragonite (KA) was made on the basis of the known solubilities of these phases for which the activity of total dissolved calcium was corrected for the presence of the ion pair CaHCO3+ in the aqueous phase. The value of the dissociation constant of CaHCO3+ was taken to be 10-1.225±0.02. This value, combined with values of the analytical concentrations in solutions with partial pressure PCO2 =0.97 atmosphere, leads to KC=l0-8.52±0.04 and KA= 10-8.36±0.04. Based on these K values, standard free energies of formation of calcite and aragonite were calculated to be -270,144±375 and -269,926±375 calories mole-1, (-1,130,282±1,569 and -1,129,370±1,569 joules mole-1), respectively. From the 25°C K values, using appropriate entropy and heat capacity data, values of KC and KA were calculated over the temperature range 0° to 200°C. Possible errors in interpretation of measured pH values and inferred PCO2values and the bearing of these errors on calculations of K values are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Christ, C., Hostetler, P.B., and Siebert, R.M., 1974, Stabilities of calcite and aragonite: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 175-184.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307491,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91bee4b0518e354dd1c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christ, C. L.","contributorId":53906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christ","given":"C. 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Many features are closely similar to those on the moon, but significant structural differences exist. Major chemical differentiation before termination of accretion is implied.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.184.4135.459","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Murray, B.C., Belton, M.J., Danielson, G., Davies, M.E., Gault, D., Hapke, B., O'Leary, B., Strom, R., Suomi, V., and Trask, N., 1974, Mariner 10 pictures of Mercury: First results: Science, v. 184, no. 4135, p. 459-461, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.184.4135.459.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"461","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mercury","volume":"184","issue":"4135","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a51f5e4b0c8380cd6c062","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, B. 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Because no undesirable effects of feeding were noted, and because condor production is now critically low, an expanded supplemental feeding program is recommended.
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\"}}]}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69766a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilbur, S.R.","contributorId":53908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilbur","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carrier, W.D.","contributorId":89238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrier","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borneman, J.C.","contributorId":11715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borneman","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176804,"text":"70176804 - 1974 - Hydrology and trout populations of cold-water rivers of Michigan and Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T15:36:50","indexId":"70176804","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3644,"text":"Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrology and trout populations of cold-water rivers of Michigan and Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Statistical multiple-regression analyses showed significant relationships between trout populations and hydrologic parameters. Parameters showing the higher levels of significance were temperature, hardness of water, percentage of gravel bottom, percentage of bottom vegetation, variability of streamflow, and discharge per unit drainage area. Trout populations increase with lower levels of annual maximum water temperatures, with increase in water hardness, and with increase in percentage of gravel and bottom vegetation. Trout populations also increase with decrease in variability of streamflow, and with increase in discharge per unit drainage area. Most hydrologic parameters were significant when evaluated collectively, but no parameter, by itself, showed a high degree of correlation with trout populations in regression analyses that included all the streams sampled. Regression analyses of stream segments that were restricted to certain limits of hardness, temperature, or percentage of gravel bottom showed improvements in correlation. Analyses of trout populations, in pounds per acre and pounds per mile and hydrologic parameters resulted in regression equations from which trout populations could be estimated with standard errors of 89 and 84 per cent, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","usgsCitation":"Hendrickson, G.E., and Knutilla, R., 1974, Hydrology and trout populations of cold-water rivers of Michigan and Wisconsin: Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, v. 62, p. 181-193.","startPage":"181","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, 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\"}}]}","volume":"62","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c08be4b0bc0bec09c7eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendrickson, G. E.","contributorId":99958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendrickson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knutilla, R. L.","contributorId":65451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutilla","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001507,"text":"1001507 - 1974 - Upland duck nesting related to land use and predator reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-26T21:44:14.036944","indexId":"1001507","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upland duck nesting related to land use and predator reduction","docAbstract":"Duck nesting was studied during 1971 in north-central South Dakota under four conditions: in idle, five or six year old fields of domestic grass-legume mixtures in an area where predators including the red fox (Vulpes fulva), raccoon (Procyon lotor), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), and badger (Taxidea taxus) were (1) reduced and (2) not reduced. Nesting was also studied in tracts of active agricultural land (primarily croplands and pastures) where predators were (3) reduced, and (4) not reduced. Under condition (1), 260 nests were found on 0.87 km2 (299 nests/km2), eggs hatched in 92 percent of the nests and production was 22.0 ducklings/hectare. Under condition (2), 187 nests were found on 2.22 km2 (84 nests/km2), nest success was 68 percent and 4.7 ducklings/hectare were produced. On active agricultural land subject to predator reduction (condition 3), 64 nests were found on 5.14 km2 (12 nests/km2). Eggs in 85 percent of the nests hatched and production was 0.7 duckling/hectare. On active agricultural land not subject to predator reduction (condition 4), 58 nests were found on 4.01 km2 (14 nests/km2), nest success was 51 percent and 0.5 duckling/hectare was produced. Idle, 16 to 65-hectare (40 to 160-acre) stands of cool-season, introduced grasses in combination with legumes produced maximum numbers of upland nesting ducks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800732","usgsCitation":"Duebbert, H., and Kantrud, H., 1974, Upland duck nesting related to land use and predator reduction: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 38, no. 2, p. 257-265, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800732.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"265","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"north-central South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.0302734375,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -99.052734375,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -99.052734375,\n 45.767522962149876\n ],\n [\n -101.0302734375,\n 45.767522962149876\n ],\n [\n -101.0302734375,\n 44.69989765840318\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duebbert, Harold F.","contributorId":11544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duebbert","given":"Harold F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kantrud, H.A.","contributorId":28553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001661,"text":"1001661 - 1974 - Effects of radio packages on wild ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-26T21:50:45.308265","indexId":"1001661","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of radio packages on wild ducks","docAbstract":"A total of 211 wild, free-flying mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and wood ducks (Aix sponsa) were equipped with breast-mounted radio packages during the breeding seasons of 1968-72. Known predation loss was 7.6 and 12.0 percent for mallards and wood ducks respectively, 60 percent occurred within 3 weeks of instrumentation. The highest predation rate for mallards was 0.0048 kills per tracking day and 0.0136 for wood ducks. A higher direct recovery rate for instrumented birds (19.5 percent) than noninstrumented birds (8.1 percent) was probably due to the novelty of the transmitter to hunters. Departure patterns and locations of direct recoveries were similar between radio-equipped and normal-banded birds. Among female wood ducks with radios, recovery rates were lower than expected. Hunters indicated that 84 percent of the instrumented ducks recovered were in good or excellent condition. Recaptures of ducks as long as 1 year after being equipped with radio packages indicated that feather wear and skin abrasion were not serious. A high rate for feeding on land by instrumented mallards was probably due to our ability to more easily locate and observe these birds in cover. Preening rates were higher for instrumented ducks. As the birds became adjusted to the package, preening decreased and feeding on water increased. Social and breeding behavior of instrumented ducks did not appear to be adversely affected by the radio package.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800730","usgsCitation":"Gilmer, D., Ball, I., Cowardin, L., and Riechmann, J.H., 1974, Effects of radio packages on wild ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 38, no. 2, p. 243-252, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800730.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Chippewa National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.81067795601568,\n 47.35790612339392\n ],\n [\n -94.81067795601568,\n 46.96697371400404\n ],\n [\n -93.92509802195744,\n 46.96697371400404\n ],\n [\n -93.92509802195744,\n 47.35790612339392\n ],\n [\n -94.81067795601568,\n 47.35790612339392\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f7cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilmer, D.S.","contributorId":22270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, I.J.","contributorId":104427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riechmann, J. H.","contributorId":20690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riechmann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001455,"text":"1001455 - 1974 - Estimating survival rates from banding of adult and juvenile birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-26T21:33:17.735325","indexId":"1001455","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating survival rates from banding of adult and juvenile birds","docAbstract":"The restrictive assumptions required by most available methods for estimating survival probabilities render them unsuitable for analyzing real banding data. A model is proposed which allows survival rates and recovery rates to vary with the calendar year, and also allows juveniles to have rates different from adults. In addition to survival rates and recovery rates, the differential vulnerability factors of juveniles relative to adults are estimated. Minimum values of the variances of the estimators are also given. The new procedure is applied to sets of duck and goose data in which reasonably large numbers of adult and juvenile birds were banded. The results are shown to be generally comparable to those procured by other methods, but, in addition, insight into the extent of annual variation is gained. Combining data from adults and juveniles also increases the effective sample size, since the juveniles are assumed to enter the adult age class after surviving their initial year.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800735","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1974, Estimating survival rates from banding of adult and juvenile birds: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 38, no. 2, p. 290-297, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800735.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221008,"text":"5221008 - 1974 - A computer program for estimating survival and recovery rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-24T17:18:53.741572","indexId":"5221008","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A computer program for estimating survival and recovery rates","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800750","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., Kimball, C., and Fiehrer, F., 1974, A computer program for estimating survival and recovery rates: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 38, no. 2, p. 369-370, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800750.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"370","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487091,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3800750","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":197523,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b098f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, C.F.","contributorId":26782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiehrer, F.R.","contributorId":9745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiehrer","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001666,"text":"1001666 - 1974 - Remote sensing for identification and classification of wetland vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-24T17:43:27.984335","indexId":"1001666","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing for identification and classification of wetland vegetation","docAbstract":"Multispectral photography and ground truth were obtained on an area 12 miles (19.3 km) east of Bemidji, Minnesota, to identify and map wetlands less than 2 acres (0.8 hectare) in size, to map emergent vegetation in lakes, and to explore the feasibility of classifying vegetation from aerial photographs. Wetlands less than 2 acres in size were identified on photography taken in May 1971, and emergent vegetation was recorded on purposely overexposed infrared black and white photography from a flight in September 1971. Several vegetation types and species groups were recognizable with the aid of color, color infrared, and black and white infrared photography. Proper timing of flights, use of multispectral photography, and knowledge of the ecology of the area are considered essential for wetland mapping by remote sensing.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800738","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., and Myers, V., 1974, Remote sensing for identification and classification of wetland vegetation: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 38, no. 2, p. 308-314, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800738.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"308","endPage":"314","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489956,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3800738","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130346,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Ten Lake Township","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.81252935212346,\n 47.52033739552675\n ],\n [\n -94.81252935212346,\n 47.40564561947275\n ],\n [\n -94.61683477858452,\n 47.40564561947275\n ],\n [\n -94.61683477858452,\n 47.52033739552675\n ],\n [\n -94.81252935212346,\n 47.52033739552675\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bfa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, V.I.","contributorId":52115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"V.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221007,"text":"5221007 - 1974 - Population dynamics of molting pintail drakes banded in south-central Saskatchewan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-26T21:38:37.921","indexId":"5221007","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population dynamics of molting pintail drakes banded in south-central Saskatchewan","docAbstract":"A total of 18,820 adult male pintails (Anas acuta) were trapped, banded, and released on Pel and Kutawagan marshes in south-central Saskatchewan in July 1955-58. Two hundred and fortyeight of these banded birds were recaptured on the same marshes during subsequent trapping operations, and 1,440 were recovered (shot or found dead) during legal hunting seasons, 1955-70. The size of the adult drake pintail population associated with Pel and Kutawagan marshes was estimated to have been approximately 313,600 in July 1956 and 232,800 in July 1957. Estimates of annual survival varied from approximately 60 percent to 85 percent with an average of 73 percent. Between July 1956 and July 1957, approximately 71,100 birds joined the population segment associated with Pel and Kutawagan marshes and 25,400 birds left the population segment for other areas. Indices to harvest pressure were low, varying from 2.26 in 1958 to 3.54 in 1956. Estimates of harvest rates varied from 5.6 percent to 8.8 percent, and kill rates varied from approximately 7.0 to 11.0 percent. The index to harvest pressure was highest in 1956, while survival during the 1956-57 period was the lowest, suggesting the possibility of an inverse relationship between harvest rate and total survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800733","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., and Sterling, R., 1974, Population dynamics of molting pintail drakes banded in south-central Saskatchewan: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 38, no. 2, p. 266-274, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800733.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"274","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194124,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"south-central Saskatchewan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.27515590965263,\n 52.42586875943772\n ],\n [\n -108.27515590965263,\n 50.98361554242763\n ],\n [\n -103.41793131717804,\n 50.98361554242763\n ],\n [\n -103.41793131717804,\n 52.42586875943772\n ],\n [\n -108.27515590965263,\n 52.42586875943772\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sterling, R.T.","contributorId":20848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sterling","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227370,"text":"70227370 - 1974 - The Bright Angel and Mesa Butte fault systems of northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T19:44:12.236012","indexId":"70227370","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-01T12:30:54","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Bright Angel and Mesa Butte fault systems of northern Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of northern Arizona with notes on archaeology and paleoclimate: Part I — Regional studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"27th Annual Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Section","conferenceDate":"1974","conferenceLocation":"Flagstaff, Arizona, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, E.M., Squires, R.L., and Abrams, M.J., 1974, The Bright Angel and Mesa Butte fault systems of northern Arizona, chap. of Geology of northern Arizona with notes on archaeology and paleoclimate: Part I — Regional studies, p. 355-392.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"392","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Bright Angel fault system, Mesa Butte fault system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 36.1822249804225\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -109.610595703125,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -109.654541015625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 37.020098201368114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Karlstrom, Thor Nels Vincent","contributorId":35183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlstrom","given":"Thor","email":"","middleInitial":"Nels Vincent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830626,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swann, Gordon Alfred","contributorId":51834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swann","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830627,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eastwood, Raymond L.","contributorId":271059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eastwood","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830628,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, Eugene Merle","contributorId":20342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"Merle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Squires, R. L.","contributorId":270733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Squires","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abrams, M. J.","contributorId":29859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209345,"text":"70209345 - 1974 - Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-03T13:57:08.435761","indexId":"70209345","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-01T12:16:16","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Lyell Collection","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.36","usgsCitation":"Lathram, E., Grantz, A., Barnes, D., Brew, D.A., Ovenshine, A.T., Plafker, G., Detterman, R.L., Foster, H., Churkin, M., Patton, W.W., Hoare, J., Tailleur, I., Brosge, W., Miller, T.P., and Sainsbury, C., 1974, Alaska: Geological Society Special Publication, v. 4, p. 563-589, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.36.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"589","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373713,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.46484375,\n 56.84897198026975\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 56.84897198026975\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 70.8446726342528\n ],\n [\n -166.46484375,\n 70.8446726342528\n ],\n [\n -166.46484375,\n 56.84897198026975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lathram, E. H.","contributorId":8912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lathram","given":"E. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, D.F.","contributorId":48960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brew, David A. dbrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":3244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"David","email":"dbrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ovenshine, A. Thomas","contributorId":28989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ovenshine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Plafker, George 0000-0003-3972-0390","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-0390","contributorId":36603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Detterman, R. L.","contributorId":71525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Foster, H.L.","contributorId":34894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Churkin, M. Jr.","contributorId":46682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churkin","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Patton, W. W. Jr.","contributorId":11231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hoare, J. M.","contributorId":52143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoare","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tailleur, I.L.","contributorId":59027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tailleur","given":"I.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Brosge, W. P.","contributorId":58248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosge","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":121029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sainsbury, C.L.","contributorId":99968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sainsbury","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70247402,"text":"70247402 - 1974 - Tectonic evolution of the southern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T15:42:05.803613","indexId":"70247402","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-01T10:37:56","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic evolution of the southern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"A detailed magnetic survey in the southern Gulf of Mexico shows subdued irregular magnetic anomalies that are similar in wave length to those attributed to sea-floor spreading on present-day oceanic rises. The small amplitude of these anomalies, about 75γ, would be compatible with an oceanic basalt source at a depth of 10 km, and previous seismic refraction studies in this area have shown that layer 2 of the oceanic crust (presumed to be basalt) does indeed lie at approximately that depth.
Palynomorphs in Deep Sea Drilling Project samples of cap-rock material from the Sigsbee Knolls have shown the associated salt to be Jurassic. A crustal model, based on seismic refraction evidence and on new gravity data, suggests that, whereas the salt-dome belt of the southern gulf is underlain by a thick layer with a density of 2.2 g per cm3 (presumed to be halite rock), adjacent deeper areas of the basin seem to lack this low density layer.
In northeastern Mexico, Triassic red beds fill grabens that are correlative with the Newark Group of the Atlantic Coast and suggest that the Gulf of Mexico originated at the time of the initial rifting of the North Atlantic. When the gulf was about half-opened during the Jurassic, oceanic circulation was restricted; and thick deep-basin evaporite deposits, analogous to those found in the Mediterranean Sea by the Deep Sea Drilling Project, were laid down. Further opening established normal salinity and led to the development of salt-free areas of oceanic crust that separated the Sigsbee Escarpment (together with adjacent ridges of offshore Mexico) from the Sigsbee Knolls and salt domes of Cuba.
The subsequent structural evolution of the Gulf of Mexico basin is believed to have been mainly a result of interaction between it and tectonic plates of the Pacific area. After opening of the gulf, subduction began along the Cuban arc, where Atlantic rifting had created a nearly uninterrupted tract of oceanic crust extending from the Pacific between Yucatán and Colombia. Then, folding and gravity sliding associated with Laramide deformation on the west side of the gulf led to salt anticlines that underlie the ridges offshore from Mexico. Except for continued diapirism and subsidence associated with sediment loading, present tectonic activity is confined to the southwestern corner of the gulf, where volcanism and intermediate-focus earthquakes are a distant manifestation of subduction along the Middle America Trench on the Pacific side of Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85%3C607:TEOTSG%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Moore, G.W., and Del Castillo, L., 1974, Tectonic evolution of the southern Gulf of Mexico: GSA Bulletin, v. 85, no. 4, p. 607-618, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85%3C607:TEOTSG%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"618","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.45840699357132,\n 20.93832815004201\n ],\n [\n -97.45840699357132,\n 17.8318866571838\n ],\n [\n -93.70532521202199,\n 17.8318866571838\n ],\n [\n -93.70532521202199,\n 20.93832815004201\n ],\n [\n -97.45840699357132,\n 20.93832815004201\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, George W.","contributorId":21625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Del Castillo, Luis","contributorId":317849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Del Castillo","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70247305,"text":"70247305 - 1974 - Oceanic crust forms basement of eastern Panamá","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T14:53:56.325508","indexId":"70247305","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-01T09:43:22","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oceanic crust forms basement of eastern Panamá","docAbstract":"Basement rocks of parts of eastern Panamá include tholeiitic pillow basalt and diabase overlain by sedimentary rocks typical of deep oceanic environments. Both paleontologic and stratigraphic evidence indicate that some of these rocks are of Late Cretaceous age or older. Regional Bouguer anomalies over the basement terrane exceed +120 mgal, indicating that eastern Panamá is a raised block of oceanic crust. Age relations in the Caribbean region apparently preclude an “Atlantic” or single intra-Caribbean origin for eastern Panamá and the southern Caribbean basin, but multiple intra-Caribbean origins of the basaltic basement rocks are permitted by the age data. An in situ origin of the oceanic basement of Panamá at a position which later became a Cenozoic island arc is likewise consistent with the available geologic and geophysical data.
Seismic horizon B″ in the Caribbean is correlative with or overlain by deep-sea sedimentary rocks of Coniacian to Campanian age. This horizon forms the top of the apparent basement of eastern Panamá and, thus, the eastern isthmus is a horstlike block that has been elevated or obducted a minimum of 6 km since Coniacian-Maastrichtian time, partly caused by northeastward underflow of the Pacific plate but possibly related to southwestward movement of the Caribbean plate beneath the isthmus.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<645:OCFBOE>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Case, J.E., 1974, Oceanic crust forms basement of eastern Panamá: GSA Bulletin, v. 85, no. 4, p. 645-652, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<645:OCFBOE>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"645","endPage":"652","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Panama","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.9935425994404,\n 9.384769036705421\n ],\n [\n -79.2180925353447,\n 8.073286895312066\n ],\n [\n -77.90844353820502,\n 7.193700941303078\n ],\n [\n -77.53795072980415,\n 7.595289533217283\n ],\n [\n -77.15022569775577,\n 7.9709053414433555\n ],\n [\n -77.46040572339449,\n 8.491072243640332\n ],\n [\n -77.37424460516156,\n 8.71257115837642\n ],\n [\n -78.59773248406836,\n 9.605718583462192\n ],\n [\n -79.64028201468602,\n 9.733124128987654\n ],\n [\n -79.9935425994404,\n 9.384769036705421\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Case, J. E.","contributorId":56625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007689,"text":"1007689 - 1974 - Growth responses of Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora by means of a two dimensional factorial design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-15T17:41:15.654258","indexId":"1007689","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth responses of Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora by means of a two dimensional factorial design","docAbstract":"Growth of Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora was compared under identical greenhouse conditions. Mature plants were grown in quartz sand and watered with the following solutions: (1) full Hoagland's solution; (2) Hoagland's minus iron; (3) Hoagland's minus nitrogen; (4) Hoagland's with NaCl added to 28 o/oo; (5) sea water of 28 o/oo. S. patens showed improved growth in Hoagland's solution and Hoagland's minus iron, but showed significantly less growth in solutions 3, 4 and 5. S. alterniflora showed no significant difference in growth in the treatment cultures. General trends which were shown are: (1) S. patens grew better under low iron levels while S. alterniflora's growth was only slightly enhanced under low iron conditions, and (2) growth of both species was reduced more due to saline conditions than to a lack of nitrogen.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.2307/2424336","usgsCitation":"Halvorson, W.L., and Singer, A.C., 1974, Growth responses of Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora by means of a two dimensional factorial design: American Midland Naturalist, v. 91, p. 444-449, https://doi.org/10.2307/2424336.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"444","endPage":"449","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130544,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655666","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, A. C.","contributorId":27403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222348,"text":"5222348 - 1974 - Salmonellosis in a captive heron colony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-07T16:08:04.685323","indexId":"5222348","displayToPublicDate":"1974-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salmonellosis in a captive heron colony","docAbstract":"Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella typhimurium was one of several factors responsible for losses among young herons being held at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. The infection was demonstrated in five black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax), three common egrets (Casmerodius albus), two little blue herons (Florida caerulea), one cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), one snowy egret (Leucophoyx thula) and one Louisiana heron (Hydranassa tricolor). The disease was characterized by emaciation, focal liver necrosis, and frequently by a caseo-necrotic enteritis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-10.2.143","usgsCitation":"Locke, L.N., Ohlendorf, H.M., Shillinger, R., and Jareed, T., 1974, Salmonellosis in a captive heron colony: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 10, no. 2, p. 143-145, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-10.2.143.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"145","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488609,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-10.2.143","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":196810,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.82775758877499,\n 39.06596261327482\n ],\n [\n -76.82775758877499,\n 39.00414490586016\n ],\n [\n -76.73345455745333,\n 39.00414490586016\n ],\n [\n -76.73345455745333,\n 39.06596261327482\n ],\n [\n -76.82775758877499,\n 39.06596261327482\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locke, L. N.","contributorId":73539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shillinger, R.B.","contributorId":75647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shillinger","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jareed, T.","contributorId":7379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jareed","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011056,"text":"70011056 - 1974 - Venus: Atmospheric motion and structure from Mariner 10 pictures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-23T15:57:48.880779","indexId":"70011056","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Venus: Atmospheric motion and structure from Mariner 10 pictures","docAbstract":"The Mariner 10 television cameras imaged the planet Venus in the visible and near ultraviolet for a period of 8 days at resolutions ranging from 100 meters to 130 kilometers. The general pattern of the atmospheric circulation in the upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric region is displayed in the pictures. Atmospheric flow is symmetrical between north and south hemispheres. The equatorial motions are zonal (east-west) at approximately 100 meters per second, consistent with the previously inferred 4-day retrograde rotation. Angular velocity increases with latitude. The subsolar region, and the region downwind from it, show evidence of large-scale convection that persists in spite of the main zonal motion. Dynamical interaction between the zonal motion and the relatively stationary region of convection is evidenced by bowlike waves.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.183.4131.1307","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Murray, B.C., Belton, M.J., Danielson, G.E., Davies, M.E., Gault, D., Hapke, B., O'Leary, B., Strom, R., Suomi, V., and Trask, N., 1974, Venus: Atmospheric motion and structure from Mariner 10 pictures: Science, v. 183, no. 4131, p. 1307-1315, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.183.4131.1307.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1307","endPage":"1315","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Venus","volume":"183","issue":"4131","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc213e4b08c986b32a8ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, B. C.","contributorId":49870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danielson, G. Edward","contributorId":58769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davies, M. E.","contributorId":26050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gault, D.","contributorId":46210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gault","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hapke, B.","contributorId":51447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O'Leary, B.","contributorId":80006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Leary","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Strom, R.G.","contributorId":45744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Suomi, V.","contributorId":7836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suomi","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Trask, N.","contributorId":20065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trask","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70209225,"text":"70209225 - 1974 - A prototype global volcano surveillance system monitoring seismic activity and tilt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-24T14:45:20","indexId":"70209225","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-24T14:43:17","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1093,"text":"Bulletin Volcanologique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A prototype global volcano surveillance system monitoring seismic activity and tilt","docAbstract":"The Earth Resources Technology Satellite makes it feasible for the first time to monitor the level of activity at widely separated volcanoes and to relay these data almost instantancously to one central office. This capability opens a new era in volcanology where the hundreds of normally quiescent but potentially dangerous volcanoes near populated regions around the world can be economically and reliably monitored. A prototype global volcano surveillance system has been established beginning in the fall of 1972 with the help of local scientists on 15 volcanoes in Alaska, Hawaii, Washington, California, Iceland. Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. Data on earthquake activity and ground tilt are received 6 to 10 times daily in Menlo Park, California, within 90 minutes of transmission from the sites. Seismic event counters were installed at 19 locations with biaxial borehole tiltineters with 1 microradian sensitivity installed at seven sites. Direct comparison of seismic events that are counted with records from nearby seismic stations show the event counters work quite reliably. An order of magnitude increase in seismic events was observed prior to the eruption of Volcán Fuego in Guatemala in February, 1973. Significant changes in tilt were observed on volcanoes Kilauea. Fuego, and Pacava. This study demonstrates the technological and economic feasibility of utilizing such a volcano surveillance system throughout the world.
Orange and red materials were observed and photographed in the dark mantle of the Sulpicius Gallus Formation on the southwestern rim of the Serenitatis basin. These materials occur only within the dark mantle that overlies old rilled mare and highland units and are absent on the younger mare unit in this area. Orange and red materials occur predominantly as halos, patches, or rays around fresh impact craters ranging in diameter from less than 50 to 250 m and in layers exposed at the base of the dark mantle deposit in the steep walls of a depression and a graben. Red material is present in the highland subsurface, possibly as dikes. We conclude that orange material, locally underlain by red material, occurs in the dark mantle to a depth of about 50 m as locally stratified but discontinuous pyroclastic deposits and that it may have been produced by multiple 'fire foundation' eruptions during the later stages of accumulation of the older mare basalt units.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, 5th Lunar Science Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Lunar Science Conference","conferenceDate":"March 18-22, 1974","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., and Schmitt, H., 1974, Orange material in the Sulpicius Gallus formation at the southwestern edge of Mare Serenitatis, in Proceedings, 5th Lunar Science Conference, v. 1, Houston, TX, March 18-22, 1974, p. 223-234.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"234","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":358648,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750055485"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":749366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, H.H.","contributorId":8559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202668,"text":"70202668 - 1974 - Effect of mine drainage on the quality of streams in Colorado, 1971-72","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-19T10:01:01","indexId":"70202668","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-15T15:12:59","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5817,"text":"Colorado Water Resources Circular","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Effect of mine drainage on the quality of streams in Colorado, 1971-72","docAbstract":"In July 1971, a study of the effects of mine drainage on Colorado's streams was begun in cooperation with the Colorado Water Pollution Control Commission. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent and magnitude of the problem as a whole, and to gain a greater understanding of the processes and their potential ramifications by detailed definition of problems in specific areas. In order to accomplish these objectives, a three-pronged approach was devised to include: (1) a reconnaissance of the entire State to locate problem areas, (2) the detailed study of selected problem areas on a short-term basis, and (3) the monitoring of selected problem areas on a long-term basis.
This report summarizes the results of the reconnaissance phase. It describes some basic physical, chemical, and biological water-quality characteristics of the streams, discusses observed effects of mine drainage on the surface-water environment, delineates problem areas, and provides a list of streams where intensive study and subsequent monitoring might provide further insight into the various problems encountered.
","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Water Conservation Board","publisherLocation":"Denver, Colorado","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Colorado Water Pollution Control Commission","usgsCitation":"Wentz, D.A., 1974, Effect of mine drainage on the quality of streams in Colorado, 1971-72: Colorado Water Resources Circular 21, 117 p.","productDescription":"117 p.","numberOfPages":"134","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dnrweblink.state.co.us/cwcb/0/edoc/208972/Colorado%20Water%20Resources%20Circular%20No.%2021.pdf?searchid=b3c3f056-471b-40ae-935c-e1d338c5d42d","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":362119,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wentz, Dennis A. dawentz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"Dennis","email":"dawentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":759397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70202667,"text":"70202667 - 1974 - Effects of metal-mine drainage on water quality in selected areas of Colorado, 1972-73","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-19T10:09:25","indexId":"70202667","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-15T10:27:05","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5817,"text":"Colorado Water Resources Circular","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"25","title":"Effects of metal-mine drainage on water quality in selected areas of Colorado, 1972-73","docAbstract":"Colorado is a child of mining. In the past, towns such as Cripple Creek, Leadville, Creede, and many others were the lifeblood of the economy. While metal mining is still economically important to Colorado, another legacy of this past activity is attracting increasing attention—the detrimental effects of drainage from abandoned and active mines and tailings piles (waste rock piles) on streams. Concern with metal-mine drainage is due to the acid resulting from oxidation of pyritic material. The acid itself can be harmful to aquatic organisms, and can make the water unusable for various recreational and industrial needs. Just as importantly, however, the acid dissolves metals from ores and tailings piles and releases them into the streams. Many of the metals are toxic to aquatic organisms, humans, and livestock; and, like excess acidity, the metals can make streams unusable for some types of recreation and industry.
In July 1971, a study of the effects of both metal- and coal-mine drainage on surface-water quality in Colorado was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Colorado Water Pollution Control Commission. Based on the reconnaissance phase of this project (Wentz, 1974), 17 areas judged to be adversely affected by metal-mine drainage were chosen for further study. One additional area was included because it is the only place found in Colorado that potentially could be affected by coal-mine drainage. The present report summarizes the intensive study of these areas; it is the second product of the mine-drainage study. The first report was published as Colorado Water Resources Circular 21.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, Robert E.","contributorId":214088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wentz, Dennis A. dawentz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"Dennis","email":"dawentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":759393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208896,"text":"70208896 - 1974 - Fluid inclusion and light stable isotope study of the climax molybdenum deposits, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-04T13:14:56","indexId":"70208896","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-04T12:52:49","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusion and light stable isotope study of the climax molybdenum deposits, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Climax mine contains three molybdenite ore bodies and widespread late quartz-pyrite-sericite barren mineralization, each related to separate intrusive phases of the Climax stock. Alteration zones spatially related to each molybdenite ore body include a silica zone below, a potassium-silicate zone that approximately coincides with ore, and overlying quartz-sericite-pyrite-topaz, argillic, and propylite zones.
Delta 18 O values of quartz range from +8.4 to 10.9 per mil; delta 18 O values of muscovite and sericite range from --0.8 to +7.5 per mil. Eight of ten sericite values are between +5.8 and +7.5. All of the quartz and most of the sericite is in isotopic equilibrium with a calculated water at 350 degrees C with delta 18 O values of +3.0 to 5.5 per mil.
Delta 18 O values of K-feldspars range from --4.5 to +7.5 per mil. This wide range indicates partial reequilibration of the feldspar with later, isotopically light, waters.
Two muscovites have delta D values of --146 and --91 per mil; sericite ranges from --168 to --116 per mil. The calculated delta D values of water at 275 degrees C in equilibrium with sericite are --144 to --92. This range is the same as that of fluid inclusions in ore samples.Kaolinite in the argillic zone has delta 18 O values of --0.9 to --2.2 and delta D values of --162 per mil. Calculated water at 250 degrees C in equilibrium with kaolinite delta 18 O values of --4.7 to -6 and delta D of about -130 per mil.
The isotopic and fluid inclusion data best fit a model whereby the Climax ore bodies were formed from a hydrothermal fluid that originated by mixing light and heavy waters. The light water is isotopically similar to present-day meteoric water; the heavy water has the isotopic composition postulated for magmatic water, although it could be meteoric water that was heavier than present-day meteoric water.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.69.6.884","usgsCitation":"Hall, W., Friedman, I., and Nash, J.T., 1974, Fluid inclusion and light stable isotope study of the climax molybdenum deposits, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 69, no. 6, p. 88-901, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.69.6.884.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"901","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"69","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1974-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, W. E.","contributorId":6431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}