Distribution patterns for biotitic alteration, sericitic alteration, and distinctive fluid-inclusion types in igneous host rocks of the porphyry copper ore body at Bingham, Utah, have been determined by petrographic examination of about 300 samples. These patterns are related to differences in original rock composition, variations in physical-chemical conditions during periods of intrusion and mineralization, and spatial position within the ore body.
The distribution of biotitic (potassium-silicate) alteration assemblages and high-salinity fluid inclusions generally follows the crudely triangular form of the disseminated copper ore zone. Variations in abundance of hydrothermal biotite are attributed to differences in original mafic mineral content of the igneous host rocks. Biotitic alteration and initial copper mineralization were accomplished by high-salinity fluids concentrated during final crystallization of the monzonitic parent magma; genetic continuity between magmatic and hydrothermal stages is indicated.
Pervasive sericitic alteration of plagioclase is confined to rocks in the northern one-third of the Bingham stock; a subzone of argillic alteration in the north-central part of the ore body occurs within the broader area of sericitic alteration. Fluids responsible for sericitic and argillic alteration were channeled by a broad zone of northeast-trending fractures.
Hydrothermal minerals and high-salinity fluid inclusions occur within a large volume of shattered rock. Boiling of fluids during crystallization of the aplitic porphyry may account for the shattering. Sericitic (and argillic) alteration were apparently super-imposed on the earlier biotitic assemblage as the hydrothermal system cooled. Cooling and hydrolytic alteration were promoted by progressive introduction of meteoric waters. The many generations of inclusions trapped from boiling fluids in the temperature range 400 degrees to 600 degrees C suggest that the system was recharged repeatedly during the period of mineralization. Estimated fluid pressures of about 800 bars in the early stages of mineralization correspond to a lithostatic load of about 3 km; pressures were even lower (less than 200 bars) in the later stages and were probably controlled by hydrostatic conditions.Distribution patterns for biotitic alteration, sericitic alteration, and distinctive fluid-inclusion types in igneous host rocks of the porphyry copper ore body at Bingham, Utah, have been determined by petrographic examination of about 300 samples. These patterns are related to differences in original rock composition, variations in physical-chemical conditions during periods of intrusion and mineralization, and spatial position within the ore body.The distribution of biotitic (potassium-silicate) alteration assemblages and high-salinity fluid inclusions generally follows the crudely triangular form of the disseminated copper ore zone. Variations in abundance of hydrothermal biotite are attributed to differences in original mafic mineral content of the igneous host rocks. Biotitic alteration and initial copper mineralization were accomplished by high-salinity fluids concentrated during final crystallization of the monzonitic parent magma; genetic continuity between magmatic and hydrothermal stages is indicated.Pervasive sericitic alteration of plagioclase is confined to rocks in the northern one-third of the Bingham stock; a subzone of argillic alteration in the north-central part of the ore body occurs within the broader area of sericitic alteration. Fluids responsible for sericitic and argillic alteration were channeled by a broad zone of northeast-trending fractures.Hydrothermal minerals and high-salinity fluid inclusions occur within a large volume of shattered rock. Boiling of fluids during crystallization of the aplitic porphyry may account for the shattering. Sericitic (and argillic) alteration were apparently super-imposed on the earlier biotitic assemblage as the hydrothermal system cooled. Cooling and hydrolytic alteration were promoted by progressive introduction of meteoric waters. The many generations of inclusions trapped from boiling fluids in the temperature range 400 degrees to 600 degrees C suggest that the system was recharged repeatedly during the period of mineralization. Estimated fluid pressures of about 800 bars in the early stages of mineralization correspond to a lithostatic load of about 3 km; pressures were even lower (less than 200 bars) in the later stages and were probably controlled by hydrostatic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.69.5.631","usgsCitation":"Moore, W.J., and Nash, J.T., 1974, Alteration and fluid inclusion studies of the porphyry copper ore body at Bingham, Utah: Economic Geology, v. 69, no. 5, p. 631-645, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.69.5.631.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"631","endPage":"645","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bingham","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.23907470703124,\n 40.455307212131494\n ],\n [\n -112.02690124511719,\n 40.455307212131494\n ],\n [\n -112.02690124511719,\n 40.61551614707256\n ],\n [\n -112.23907470703124,\n 40.61551614707256\n ],\n [\n -112.23907470703124,\n 40.455307212131494\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1974-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, W. J.","contributorId":84334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208821,"text":"70208821 - 1974 - Stratigraphic value of silicoflagellates in nontropical regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T13:38:18","indexId":"70208821","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-02T13:25:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic value of silicoflagellates in nontropical regions","docAbstract":"Silicoflagellates are important biostratigraphic markers for age determination in nontropical regions because age-diagnostic calcareous microfossils are sparse. Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic biostratigraphic zonation is proposed, based on silicoflagellates from Deep Sea Drilling Project sites in the subantarctic region.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<1905:SVOSIN>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bukry, D., 1974, Stratigraphic value of silicoflagellates in nontropical regions: GSA Bulletin, v. 85, no. 12, p. 1905-1906, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<1905:SVOSIN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1905","endPage":"1906","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223631,"text":"5223631 - 1974 - Karyotypic analyses of twenty-one species of molossid bats (Molossidae: Chiroptera)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-01T16:20:00.135486","indexId":"5223631","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T12:17:58","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1171,"text":"Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Karyotypic analyses of twenty-one species of molossid bats (Molossidae: Chiroptera)","docAbstract":"Examination of 135 specimens representing 21 species from seven genera of the family Molossidae revealed diploid numbers ranging from 34 to 48. Seventeen species from six genera have diploid numbers of 48. Geographic variation and polymorphism were found only in Eumops glaucinus. Chromosomal variation within the family is presumed to be primarily due to changes in diploid number resulting from Robertsonian translocations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/g74-016","usgsCitation":"Warner, J.W., Patton, J.L., Gardner, A., and Baker, R.J., 1974, Karyotypic analyses of twenty-one species of molossid bats (Molossidae: Chiroptera): Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 165-176, https://doi.org/10.1139/g74-016.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, J. W.","contributorId":42996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patton, James L.","contributorId":192534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, Alfred 0000-0002-4945-1641 agardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-1641","contributorId":166760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Alfred","email":"agardner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baker, Robert J.","contributorId":114178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70232380,"text":"70232380 - 1974 - Hydrogeology of Antietam Creek basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T16:56:36.980516","indexId":"70232380","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T11:49:43","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeology of Antietam Creek basin","docAbstract":"The Antictam Creek basin in the Great Valley of Maryland and Pennsylvania is underlain almost entirely by intensely folded and faulted lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks. The ground-water discharge of the basin is about 85 percent of the total discharge, in contrast with less than 70 percent of the total discharge in two small basins underlain by igneous and mctamorphic rocks in the Maryland Piedmont. Large quantities of ground water are stored in a thick residual mantle, which overlies the carbonate rocks in the valley and adjacent rnetamorphic rocks in mountain areas on the east edge of the basin. Streams that flow off the mountain areas are major sources of recharge to the carbonate-rock aquifers. Several streams lose a large part of their flow within a mile after reaching the carbonate rocks in the valley, and a few flow directly into swallow holes (sinkholes). The low density of perennial streams in the basin is a result of subsurface drainage through solution cavities along joints, faults, and bedding in the carbonate rocks. The major orientations of straight stream reaches along Antietam Creek and the strikes of major joint sets in quarries are nearly coincident, suggesting that the stream network throughout the basin is joint controlled.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Nutter, L.J., 1974, Hydrogeology of Antietam Creek basin: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 249-252.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"252","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Antietam Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.69805908203125,\n 39.403305486149264\n ],\n [\n -77.54287719726562,\n 39.77265852521458\n ],\n [\n -77.59368896484375,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -77.70355224609375,\n 39.7240885773337\n ],\n [\n -77.79556274414061,\n 39.53158493558714\n ],\n [\n -77.7227783203125,\n 39.39693836884292\n ],\n [\n -77.69805908203125,\n 39.403305486149264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nutter, Larry J.","contributorId":292648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nutter","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232379,"text":"70232379 - 1974 - WATEQ, a computer program for calculating chemical equilibria of natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T16:47:32.05893","indexId":"70232379","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T11:43:01","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"WATEQ, a computer program for calculating chemical equilibria of natural waters","docAbstract":"The computer program, WATEQ, calculates the equilibrium distribution of inorganic aqueous species of major and important minor elements in natural waters using the chemical analysis and in situ measurements of temperature, pH, and redox potential. From this model, the states of reaction of the water with solid and gaseous phases are calculated. Thermodynamic stabilities of aqueous species, minerals, and gases have been selected from a careful consideration of all available experimental data. The program is written in PL-1 for IBM 360 computers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A.H., and Jones, B.F., 1974, WATEQ, a computer program for calculating chemical equilibria of natural waters: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 233-248.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, A. H.","contributorId":140646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Blair F. bfjones@usgs.gov","contributorId":2784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Blair","email":"bfjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232378,"text":"70232378 - 1974 - Phosphatic zone in the lower part of the Maquoketa Shale in northeastern Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T16:07:16.235802","indexId":"70232378","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T11:02:24","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphatic zone in the lower part of the Maquoketa Shale in northeastern Iowa","docAbstract":"The basal beds of the Maquoketa Shale in northeastern Iowa include a basal silty phosphorite layer that is thickest near Dubuque. In Clayton County, Iowa, the bed averages about 1 foot thick (30 centimeters) and contains 22.5 percent P205 . Phosphatic dolomite that is 8 10 feet (2.4 3 meters) thick and occurs higher in the Maquoketa was observed only in Dubuque County. The thickest and most phosphatic rock in the Maquoketa appears to be coextensive with dark-brown shale, which also occurs mainly in Dubuque County. Rare-earth content of the phosphatic rock decreases southeastward across the area, ranging from 2,000 to about 120 parts per million. The thin low-grade phosphorite is typical of the platform-type phosphorite facies and may be' genetically related to the emergence of the Ozark uplift as an island late in the Ordovician period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Brown, C., 1974, Phosphatic zone in the lower part of the Maquoketa Shale in northeastern Iowa: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 219-232.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"232","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Clayton County, Dubuque County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.8843994140625,\n 42.216313604344776\n ],\n [\n -90.4339599609375,\n 42.216313604344776\n ],\n [\n -90.4339599609375,\n 42.56117285531808\n ],\n [\n -90.8843994140625,\n 42.56117285531808\n ],\n [\n -90.8843994140625,\n 42.216313604344776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.549072265625,\n 42.54093947168063\n ],\n [\n -90.8843994140625,\n 42.54093947168063\n ],\n [\n -90.8843994140625,\n 43.08894918346591\n ],\n [\n -91.549072265625,\n 43.08894918346591\n ],\n [\n -91.549072265625,\n 42.54093947168063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. Ervin","contributorId":58616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C. Ervin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232377,"text":"70232377 - 1974 - Garrelsite, NaBa3Si2B7O16(OH)4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T15:56:22.916588","indexId":"70232377","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T10:41:37","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Garrelsite, NaBa3Si2B7O16(OH)4","title":"Garrelsite, NaBa3Si2B7O16(OH)4","docAbstract":"Garrelsite, NaBa3Si2B7O16(OH)4, originally described in 1955, has recently been reexamined by Charles Milton and Adolf Pabst and by Subrata Ghose and Horst H. Ulbrich. The latter have reanalyzed the mineral and determined the structure; the powder pattern is indexed on the basis of their 1972 cell constants. These were refined in 1973 to ɑ=14.639 A, b=8.466 A, c=13.438 A, β=114.21°, space group C2/c. Garrelsite has been found in two drill cores penetrating the Green River Formation (Eocene) at two localities in Uintah County, Utah, and in the borate deposits of the Kramer district, Kern County, Calif. The original description of the morphology has been corrected, and the optical orientation has been redetermined.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Milton, C., and Pabst, A., 1974, Garrelsite, NaBa3Si2B7O16(OH)4: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 213-218.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"218","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milton, Charles","contributorId":13616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pabst, Adolf","contributorId":67584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pabst","given":"Adolf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232376,"text":"70232376 - 1974 - Distribution of copper in biotite and biotite alteration products in intrusive rocks near two Arizona porphyry copper deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T15:38:40.308572","indexId":"70232376","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T10:29:41","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of copper in biotite and biotite alteration products in intrusive rocks near two Arizona porphyry copper deposits","docAbstract":"Biotite and its alteration products (primarily chlorite) from igneous rocks around the Ray and Esperanza (Esperanza-Sierrita) porphyry copper deposits, Arizona, were analyzed for copper by electron microprobe. The copper occurs in amounts >90 p/m (limit of detection) in most of the chlorites analyzed, is concentrated at the optical and chemical boundary of chlorite and biotite, and is not associated with sulfur. Most unaltered igneous and hydrothermal biotites analyzed contain <90 p/m Cu, and except for one sample, all copper that was detected can be explained as contamination by copper from chlorite grains. The paucity of detectable copper in igneous and hydrothermal biotite and its presence in daughter chlorite suggest that the positive association noted by some workers between the proximity of an ore deposit and the copper content of biotite might be partly the result: of increased amounts of chloritization of biotite near a deposit coupled with difficulty in physically cleaning the biotite separates. Additionally, previous speculations that (1) part of the copper in a deposit may come from altered biotite, and (2) copper in biotite indicates how copper behaves in a differentiating magma, are of doubtful value if based on data derived from analyses of bulk mineral separates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Banks, N.G., 1974, Distribution of copper in biotite and biotite alteration products in intrusive rocks near two Arizona porphyry copper deposits: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 195-211.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"211","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402690,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Ray and Esperanza (Esperanza-Sierrita) porphyry copper deposits","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.170654296875,\n 33.0178760185549\n ],\n [\n -110.6597900390625,\n 33.0178760185549\n ],\n [\n -110.6597900390625,\n 33.35347332342168\n ],\n [\n -111.170654296875,\n 33.35347332342168\n ],\n [\n -111.170654296875,\n 33.0178760185549\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.9674072265625,\n 31.84956532831343\n ],\n [\n -110.8026123046875,\n 31.84956532831343\n ],\n [\n -110.8026123046875,\n 31.966143862120095\n ],\n [\n -110.9674072265625,\n 31.966143862120095\n ],\n [\n -110.9674072265625,\n 31.84956532831343\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Norman G.","contributorId":89524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232375,"text":"70232375 - 1974 - Preliminary study of rock alteration in the Catheart Mountain molybdenum-copper deposit, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T15:24:23.924947","indexId":"70232375","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T10:11:51","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary study of rock alteration in the Catheart Mountain molybdenum-copper deposit, Maine","docAbstract":"Studies of drill cores from the Catheart Mountain molybdenum-copper deposit indicate that the deposit is of the porphyry type. Hydrothermal alteration and sulfide mineralization are probably distributed in complex but systematic alteration zones. Most or all mineralization at Catheart Mountain is in a medium-fine-grained quartz monzonite enclosed within a larger mass of Attean Quartz Monzonite; no ore and little hydrothermal alteration have been seen in the Attean. Much of the ore and hydrothermal alteration seem to be and presumably are spatially related to irregular intrusive masses of porphyry. Only certain porphyry intrusives are mineral bearing, however, and many have no associated ore and alteration. Studies of hydrothermal alterations in surface exposures supplemented by rock analyses of bulk samples indicate that alteration features and sulfide zone characteristics of an area northwest of the mountain crest are, when measured against accepted porphyry models, very favorable for the occurrence of ore. Even though this favorable area has already been tested by some drilling, the presence together here of the strong center of potassic enrichment, the well-developed pyrite zone, and the strong and extensive phyllic alteration suggest that some further evaluation may be warranted.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, R.G., 1974, Preliminary study of rock alteration in the Catheart Mountain molybdenum-copper deposit, Maine: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 189-194.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"194","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","county":"Somerset County","otherGeospatial":"Catheart Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.25,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -70.1667,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -70.1667,\n 45.583333\n ],\n [\n -70.25,\n 45.583333\n ],\n [\n -70.25,\n 45.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Robert G.","contributorId":19243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232374,"text":"70232374 - 1974 - Thermal conductimetric determination of submilligram amounts of total water in silicate and carbonate minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T15:10:31.054411","indexId":"70232374","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T09:47:49","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal conductimetric determination of submilligram amounts of total water in silicate and carbonate minerals","docAbstract":"A simple and rapid method was developed for determining sub milligram amounts of total water in silicate and carbonate minerals. Powdered samples are fused by heating with sodium tungstate vanadium pentoxide flux in a Vycor combustion tube, and the evolved water vapor is absorbed on silica gel. After the water collection, the silica gel is heated at a controlled rate, and the released water vapor, carried by helium, is detected by thermal conductivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Marinenko, J., 1974, Thermal conductimetric determination of submilligram amounts of total water in silicate and carbonate minerals: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 185-187.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"187","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402686,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marinenko, John","contributorId":102861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinenko","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232373,"text":"70232373 - 1974 - Classification and new genera of noncystimorph colonial rugose corals from the Onesquethaw stage in New York and adjacent areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T14:46:12.027117","indexId":"70232373","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T09:43:27","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification and new genera of noncystimorph colonial rugose corals from the Onesquethaw stage in New York and adjacent areas","docAbstract":"A. proposed classification is outlined for 39 species of colonial rugose corals in 10 genera belonging to the families Stauriidae, Craspcdophyllidae (including Cylindrophyllinae new subfamily and Craspedophyllinac), Disphyllidae?, and Zaphrentidae, from the Onesquethaw and lower Cazenovia Stages in New York and adjacent areas. These corals are described or redescribed in another report now in press. Three new genera, Asterobillingsa, Grewgiphyllum, and Cyathocylindrium, are described in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Oliver, W.A., 1974, Classification and new genera of noncystimorph colonial rugose corals from the Onesquethaw stage in New York and adjacent areas: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 165-174.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"174","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"New York, Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.662109375,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -73.85009765625,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -73.85009765625,\n 45.38301927899065\n ],\n [\n -78.662109375,\n 45.38301927899065\n ],\n [\n -78.662109375,\n 42.09822241118974\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oliver, William Albert Jr.","contributorId":44521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Albert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70247304,"text":"70247304 - 1974 - Tectonic significance of the Kodiak-Bowie seamount chain, northeastern Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T14:42:00.238579","indexId":"70247304","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T09:36:37","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic significance of the Kodiak-Bowie seamount chain, northeastern Pacific","docAbstract":"The hypothesis of a fixed melting spot reference frame (M) for relative plate motion is tested in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, where the Kodiak-Bowie seamount chain intersects the northern triple junction between the Pacific, American, and Juan de Fuca plates. Available age determinations on Kodiak and Giacomini Seamounts provide an estimated average rate of volcanic propagation along the chain of 6.5 cm per yr and allow estimates of plate movements relative to the melting spot. The inferred motion of the American plate relative to M is close to that observed along the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain volcanic trend and broadly supports the concept of a fixed melting spot reference frame. However, the convex northward curvature of the Kodiak-Bowie chain and of several chains to the south does not support the hypothesis. The lack of parallelism between these seamounts and the Hawaiian chain suggests slow relative movement between the Kodiak-Bowie and Hawaiian melting spots.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2%3C147:TSOTKS%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Silver, E.A., von Huene, R.E., and Crouch, J.K., 1974, Tectonic significance of the Kodiak-Bowie seamount chain, northeastern Pacific: Geology, v. 2, no. 3, p. 147-150, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2%3C147:TSOTKS%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"150","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Kodiak-Bowie seamount chain, Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -134.847531065539,\n 41.76735754531839\n ],\n [\n -125.05687906473207,\n 46.75104904580948\n ],\n [\n -132.21813950032163,\n 52.31678892191826\n ],\n [\n -137.1730896585206,\n 57.832386493153194\n ],\n [\n -142.78471461883075,\n 59.57625577569166\n ],\n [\n -148.31997370142352,\n 59.39169636332289\n ],\n [\n -153.25321357204515,\n 56.34155103997551\n ],\n [\n -159.92408950176485,\n 53.48913248223167\n ],\n [\n -145.47348351058045,\n 46.27882055116666\n ],\n [\n -134.847531065539,\n 41.76735754531839\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silver, Eli A.","contributorId":83505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silver","given":"Eli","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":879164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crouch, James K.","contributorId":56645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crouch","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70232372,"text":"70232372 - 1974 - Dendritic dry valleys in the cone karst of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T14:39:10.987405","indexId":"70232372","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T09:26:10","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dendritic dry valleys in the cone karst of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The depressions in the cone karst (Kegelkarst) of the area west of Ciales in the Lares Limestone are alined in dry valleys that have dendritic patterns. These valleys apparently record the former existence of a cover of noncalcareous clastic material that was deposited on the limestone in late Tertiary time. One system of dendritic dry valleys ends at an abandoned meander of the Rio Grande de Manati, which is about 60 m above the present floor of the river. Another system leads to large masses of \"blanket sand\" near the town of Florida. These valleys were apparently eroded during the late Pliocene or very early Pleistocene when sea level was at least 80 m higher than it is today.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Monroe, W., 1974, Dendritic dry valleys in the cone karst of Puerto Rico: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 159-163.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"163","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.55860900878906,\n 18.25934921857089\n ],\n [\n -66.37390136718749,\n 18.25934921857089\n ],\n [\n -66.37390136718749,\n 18.37212089062611\n ],\n [\n -66.55860900878906,\n 18.37212089062611\n ],\n [\n -66.55860900878906,\n 18.25934921857089\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monroe, Watson H.","contributorId":63468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"Watson H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232371,"text":"70232371 - 1974 - Thermal inertia mapping from satellite – Discrimination of geologic units in Oman","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T14:25:06.955886","indexId":"70232371","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T09:21:11","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal inertia mapping from satellite – Discrimination of geologic units in Oman","docAbstract":"The Nimbus III and IV satellites provide reflectance and emittance data from the earth's surface at 8-km resolution. These data have been used to derive a physical property of geologic materials termed '\"thermal inertia\" which appears to have great promise for discriminating surficial units. A thermal inertia map of part of Oman was produced from the Nimbus satellite measurements. Correlation of this map with a reconnaissance geologic map showed gross agreement with the major units but also suggested the need for some modifications of the reconnaissance map. Some of the anomalies were verified by comparison with a later, more detailed map; others remain unexplained and may indicate previously undiscriminated geologic units.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Pohn, H., Offield, T., and Watson, K., 1974, Thermal inertia mapping from satellite – Discrimination of geologic units in Oman: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 147-158.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402678,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Oman","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 55.953369140625,\n 22.61401087437029\n ],\n [\n 58.32641601562499,\n 22.61401087437029\n ],\n [\n 58.32641601562499,\n 25.31423555219758\n ],\n [\n 55.953369140625,\n 25.31423555219758\n ],\n [\n 55.953369140625,\n 22.61401087437029\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pohn, H. A.","contributorId":6912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohn","given":"H. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Offield, Terry W.","contributorId":64217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Offield","given":"Terry W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watson, Kenneth","contributorId":91109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70232368,"text":"70232368 - 1974 - Ancient solution phenomena in the Madison Limestone (Mississippian) of north-central Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T14:03:34.378044","indexId":"70232368","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T08:50:43","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient solution phenomena in the Madison Limestone (Mississippian) of north-central Wyoming","docAbstract":"A karst topography was developed on the Madison Limestone of north-central Wyoming during the middle Meramecian early Chesterian time interval. Ancient karst features include enlarged joints, sinkholes, caves, and solution breccias that resulted from leaching of evaporitic beds in the upper 400 ft of the Madison bedrock. These features are predominantly phreatic rather than vadose. Most of the open spaces are fdled by sand and residual products reworked by the early Amsden sea, which transgressed the area during the Chesterian.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Sando, W.J., 1974, Ancient solution phenomena in the Madison Limestone (Mississippian) of north-central Wyoming: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 133-141.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"141","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402674,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Madison Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.4345703125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -108.5009765625,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -108.43505859374999,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -106.25976562499999,\n 42.97250158602597\n ],\n [\n -106.23779296875,\n 45.13555516012536\n ],\n [\n -110.63232421875,\n 45.13555516012536\n ],\n [\n -110.4345703125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, William J.","contributorId":47851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232382,"text":"70232382 - 1974 - Rates of salt solution in the Permian basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-30T13:39:49.762113","indexId":"70232382","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T08:32:52","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rates of salt solution in the Permian basin","docAbstract":"For safe, long-term storage of radioactive materials in salt beds, rates of solution of salt which might imperil such storage must be known. For solution to continue, fluid must move through the system. Major fluid discharge from the system is by surface streams. Using U.S. Geological Survey records of streamflow and chemical quality of water, computations of sodium chloride discharges of numerous subbasins have been made. A map has been constructed showing tons of sodium chloride discharged per day and tons of sodium chloride discharged per square mile per year. Also shown are locations of major saline springs and their rate of discharge of sodium chloride in tons per day.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Swenson, F., 1974, Rates of salt solution in the Permian basin: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 253-257.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"257","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402738,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Permian basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.87597656249999,\n 29.954934549656144\n ],\n [\n -99.052734375,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -98.701171875,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -99.5361328125,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -102.12890625,\n 39.06184913429154\n ],\n [\n -104.19433593749999,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -105.4248046875,\n 36.13787471840729\n ],\n [\n -105.5126953125,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -106.0400390625,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -102.87597656249999,\n 29.954934549656144\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swenson, Frank A.","contributorId":30272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156687,"text":"70156687 - 1974 - Lunar highlands volcanism implications from Luna 20 and Apollo 16","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T16:00:42","indexId":"70156687","displayToPublicDate":"1974-02-27T18:30:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lunar highlands volcanism implications from Luna 20 and Apollo 16","docAbstract":"Highlands materials sampled at the Apollo 16 and Luna 20 sites represent units of distinctive morphology that are widespread on the lunar nearside. Samples from the Apollo 16 site represent hilly and furrowed materials of the Descartes highlands and Cayley Formation. Materials were collected by Luna 20 from terrain resembling the Descartes terrain. Most photogeologic interpretations of these units favored volcanic origins, but the samples fail to support this interpretation. Luna 20 soil fragments are mainly glassy microbreccia with lithic inclusions of fine-grained hornfels; less than 3 percent of the fragments have textures of volcanic rocks, and most of these are likely crystalline products of impact melting. Apollo 16 soils formed on ejecta derived from a plutonic anorthosite-norite-troctolite suite. The similarity of Luna 20 soils indicates that these too formed as regolith on ejecta of anorthosite-norite-troctolitc composition. Interpretation of the samples from the two locations now suggests that hilly and furrowed terrains, previously thought to be of volcanic origin, are impact ejecta; in view of the plutonic nature of the source rocks and their extensive fusion and metamorphism, it is likely that the ejecta were derived from multiring basins. At one point, the Apollo 16 site, the Cayley Formation is composed of basin ejecta.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Wilshire, H.G., Wilhelms, D., and Howard, K.A., 1974, Lunar highlands volcanism implications from Luna 20 and Apollo 16: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 1, p. 1-6.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue1/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":307494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91bae4b0518e354dd19d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilshire, H. G.","contributorId":36125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilshire","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilhelms, D.E.","contributorId":82302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelms","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70121301,"text":"70121301 - 1974 - Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Leg 22","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T09:36:36","indexId":"70121301","displayToPublicDate":"1974-02-01T16:06:40","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Leg 22","docAbstract":"Interstitial waters from Leg 22 in the Indian Ocean revealed two unique results: Site 214, on the Ninetyeast Ridge, penetrated through a 30-meter sequence of fine-grained basalt and reentered hard, silty clay containing carbonate skeletal debris. Such a basalt layer may well have been impervious and extensive enough to seal off underlying (fossil) seawater of Paleocene age. However, except for a marked increase in calcium and a slight increase in chloride, no appreciable changes in pore fluid chemistry could be confirmed. Site 217, at the northernmost end of the Ninetyeast Ridge, demonstrated record concentrations of interstitial calcium in clayey nannofossil oozes and a relatively small but significant increment in chloride with depth. Presumably, these increments signal the existence of evaporitic sediments or evaporite-influenced brines at considerably greater depth than penetrated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.22.131.1974","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., Waterman, L.S., and Sayles, F.L., 1974, Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Leg 22: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 22, p. 657-662, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.22.131.1974.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"657","endPage":"662","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.22.131.1974","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":292717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292716,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.deepseadrilling.org/22/dsdp_toc.htm"},{"id":292715,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.22.131.1974"}],"otherGeospatial":"Indian Ocean","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 20.0,-71.4 ], [ 20.0,10.4 ], [ 147.5,10.4 ], [ 147.5,-71.4 ], [ 20.0,-71.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b655e4b09d12e0e8e6ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":45294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank T.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waterman, Lee S.","contributorId":30151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waterman","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sayles, Frederick L.","contributorId":96778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayles","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70121298,"text":"70121298 - 1974 - Diffusimetry (diffusion constant estimation) on sediment cores by resistivity probe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T14:08:52","indexId":"70121298","displayToPublicDate":"1974-02-01T15:53:59","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diffusimetry (diffusion constant estimation) on sediment cores by resistivity probe","docAbstract":"Measurement of formation factor (ratio of rock resistivity to interstitial water resistivity) from sediment cores provides an indirect measurment of the tortuosity of the fluid channels in the sediments. From these measurements one can estimate the diffusion coefficient of the sediment with depth. The F (formation factor) values for Indian Ocean sediments varied from 1.6 for a clayey diatom ooze having 87% porosity (70% water content) to 13.6 for a cemented limestone having 25% porosity (11% water content). These formation factors would yield diffusion coefficients for chloride ions in the corresponding sediments of 6.4 x 10-6 to 1.5 x 10-6 cm2/sec. In general, surficial sediments showed diffusion coefficients about one-half to one-third of those for free solution, values decreasing with depth and porosity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.22.132.1974","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., and Waterman, L.S., 1974, Diffusimetry (diffusion constant estimation) on sediment cores by resistivity probe: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 22, p. 663-670, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.22.132.1974.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"663","endPage":"670","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Indian Ocean","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 20.0,-71.4 ], [ 20.0,10.4 ], [ 147.5,10.4 ], [ 147.5,-71.4 ], [ 20.0,-71.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b64ee4b09d12e0e8e68f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":45294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank T.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waterman, Lee S.","contributorId":30151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waterman","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70247301,"text":"70247301 - 1974 - Geologic interpretation of gravity profiles in the western Marquette district, northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-26T17:00:10.669086","indexId":"70247301","displayToPublicDate":"1974-02-01T11:56:58","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic interpretation of gravity profiles in the western Marquette district, northern Michigan","docAbstract":"The presence of elongate troughs of Precambrian X (middle Precambrian) rocks in Precambrian W (lower Precambrian) rocks in the western Marquette district of northern Michigan has been known since the late 1800s. However, little data can be brought to bear on estimates of the depth and cross-sectional configuration of these features. For this reason, gravity models and geologic interpretations were made from gravity profiles measured over the Marquette Trough, Republic Trough, and Mitchigan River Trough.
Gravity-model studies, combined with geologic studies, indicate that near Humboldt, Michigan, the Marquette Trough is ∼2,438 m deep and asymetrically shaped, the deepest section being near the southern edge; near the west end of Lake Michigamme, the Marquette Trough is about 1,097 m deep at its northern edge; the Republic Trough is about 1,524 m deep at a point ∼2.4 km northwest of its southeastern end; and the Mitchigan River Trough is probably a fault-bounded westward-dipping monocline ∼610 m deep.
On an aeromagnetic map of the Chesapeake Bay area, the northeastern part of the bay coincides well with a deep, “flat” magnetic low, and the upper part of the Delmarva Peninsula east of the bay coincides with detailed magnetic highs; the two areas are separated by a steep, straight gradient that matches the eastern shore of the bay. On the basis of magnetic and geologic evidence, we interpret the Chesapeake Bay magnetic low as a buried Baltimore Gneiss dome, bounded on the southeast by a normal or reverse fault marked by the steep, straight gradient; mafic and ultramafic plutonic rocks probably underlie the southeast side of the fault zone. The flatness of the Chesapeake Bay magnetic low, as opposed to the detail of the anomalies on either side, however, suggests that an abnormal thickness of nonmagnetic sedimentary rocks also coincides with the low. This could reflect a buried Triassic basin or, more probably, a thickened section of Coastal Plain sedimentary rocks deposited in the fault-bounded basin. The present course of the upper part of Chesapeake Bay is probably inherited from the pre-Pleistocene course of the Susquehanna River, but the river's course may have been determined by the fault zone. Thus, this zone and similar en echelon fault zones along strike may explain the sudden change in course of major rivers in the central Atlantic Seaboard region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<73:IOAABO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Higgins, M.W., Zietz, I., and Fisher, G.W., 1974, Interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies bearing on the origin of upper Chesapeake Bay and river course changes in the Central Atlantic Seaboard Region: Speculations: Geology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 73-76, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<73:IOAABO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"76","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Unites States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.62208413380793,\n 41.66470473029685\n ],\n [\n -77.62208413380793,\n 36.64779764868278\n ],\n [\n -74.36581028054306,\n 36.64779764868278\n ],\n [\n -74.36581028054306,\n 41.66470473029685\n ],\n [\n -77.62208413380793,\n 41.66470473029685\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, Michael W.","contributorId":12459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zietz, Isidore","contributorId":76708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zietz","given":"Isidore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, George Wescott","contributorId":51356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Wescott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70247297,"text":"70247297 - 1974 - Garnet-clinopyroxenite from the Red Mountain pluton, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-26T16:42:46.58411","indexId":"70247297","displayToPublicDate":"1974-02-01T11:34:44","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Garnet-clinopyroxenite from the Red Mountain pluton, Alaska","docAbstract":"Several lens-shaped and irregular masses of garnet-clinopyroxenite occur along the north margin of the Red Mountain pluton, near Seldovia, Alaska. The pluton is composed of intercalated dunite, clinopyroxenite, and banded chromite layers. The chromite layers appear to dip toward the center of the mass, but they have been deformed, and in some places display isoclinal overturned folds. The garnet-clinopyroxenite bodies are compositionally layered and appear to have been deformed along with the host peridotite.
The garnet-clinopyroxenite bodies have whole-rock compositions analogous to alkali-poor anorthite gabbro or mafic anorthosite. Garnet compositions are dominated by the pyrope, grossularite, and almandine components, and the clinopyroxene bodies are rich in Ca-Tschermaks molecule (CaAl2SiO6).
Although crystallization from the liquidus is a possibility, textures, structures, and the chemical composition of the constituent mineral phases indicate that the garnet-clinopyroxenite has equilibrated in the solid state at pressures of 15 to 25 kb and temperatures of 1100°C to 1300°C. Such P-T parameters suggest an upper-mantle origin for the garnet-clinopyroxenite and the enclosing pluton.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85%3C285:GFTRMP%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Forbes, R.B., and Swainbank, R.C., 1974, Garnet-clinopyroxenite from the Red Mountain pluton, Alaska: GSA Bulletin, v. 85, no. 2, p. 285-292, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85%3C285:GFTRMP%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"292","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Seldovia","otherGeospatial":"Red Mountain pluton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.59504414058836,\n 59.40418520588247\n ],\n [\n -151.59504414058836,\n 59.33027468373584\n ],\n [\n -151.41098236599433,\n 59.33027468373584\n ],\n [\n -151.41098236599433,\n 59.40418520588247\n ],\n [\n -151.59504414058836,\n 59.40418520588247\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forbes, R. B.","contributorId":12848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forbes","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swainbank, R. C.","contributorId":96707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swainbank","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70247403,"text":"70247403 - 1974 - Buried Triassic basin in the central Savannah River area, South Carolina and Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T16:02:09.145798","indexId":"70247403","displayToPublicDate":"1974-02-01T10:57:43","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Buried Triassic basin in the central Savannah River area, South Carolina and Georgia","docAbstract":"A basin filled with Triassic red beds, located on the South Carolina–Georgia line ∼32 km southeast of Augusta, Georgia, is buried beneath ∼350 m of Coastal Plain sediments. An extensive aeromagnetic survey, seismic refraction and reflection surveys, and geophysical logs and samples from three wells define the extent and character of the basin. This basin, herein named the Dunbarton Triassic basin, is ∼50 km long, 10 km wide, and trends northeast.
The northwest margin of the basin is well defined by the aeromagnetic survey, a seismic reflection traverse, and a well that passed through 485 m of Triassic fanglomerate before entering the crystalline metamorphic rocks below. Near the center of the Triassic basin, a well passed through 902 m of maroon Triassic mudstone and sandstone of fluvial origin without penetrating the bottom of the basin.
The permeability of the Triassic rock is extremely low, and water-transmitting fractures were not penetrated. Even slight water-level disturbances in the Triassic wells require many years to recover. Total dissolved solids of the water from the Triassic basin are about twice that in the crystalline metamorphic rocks that surround it.
The inferred geologic history of this basin is similar to the history of Triassic basins that crop out in North Carolina.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85%3C311:BTBITC%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Marine, L.W., and Siple, G.E., 1974, Buried Triassic basin in the central Savannah River area, South Carolina and Georgia: GSA Bulletin, v. 85, no. 2, p. 311-320, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85%3C311:BTBITC%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"320","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolilna","otherGeospatial":"central Savannah River area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.96217947425264,\n 33.34351003351941\n ],\n [\n -81.96217947425264,\n 32.826827246593936\n ],\n [\n -81.27698678372104,\n 32.826827246593936\n ],\n [\n -81.27698678372104,\n 33.34351003351941\n ],\n [\n -81.96217947425264,\n 33.34351003351941\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marine, L. Wendell","contributorId":317850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marine","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wendell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siple, George E.","contributorId":94282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siple","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70247302,"text":"70247302 - 1974 - Configuration of Precambrian rocks in southeastern New York and adjacent New England from aeromagnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T14:20:04.839255","indexId":"70247302","displayToPublicDate":"1974-02-01T09:16:16","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Configuration of Precambrian rocks in southeastern New York and adjacent New England from aeromagnetic data","docAbstract":"Two aeromagnetic anomalies of regional extent outline two previously unknown buried masses of highly magnetic, probably Precambrian, rocks in southeastern New York and adjacent Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. The northern mass extends northeastward from Albany, New York, to Bennington, Vermont, where it appears to be buried beneath weakly magnetic Precambrian rocks of the Green Mountains. The southern mass extends north-northeastward from Beacon, New York, through Stissing Mountain, to Copake, New York, and appears to be the buried northeast extension of the Reading Prong. The shape of the Beacon-Copake magnetic anomaly indicates that the source is near the surface and has a sharp boundary, probably a fault, on its northwestern side; the shape also indicates that the source becomes deeply buried to the southeast and thus supports a parautochthonous interpretation for the northern part of the Reading Prong. In southwestern Massachusetts, the highly magnetic Beacon-Copake mass appears to be overstepped on the east by a buried slice of weakly magnetic Precambrian rocks which, in turn, is overstepped on the east by imbricate slices of weakly magnetic Precambrian rocks exposed along the western front of the Berkshire Highlands.
Precambrian rocks exposed in the Green Mountains, the Berkshire and Housatonic Highlands, the eastern part of the Hudson Highlands, and the Manhattan Prong have a remarkably lower amplitude magnetic pattern than those in the Adirondack Mountains and the Reading Prong. This difference in magnetic character appears to represent more than different thicknesses of Precambrian rocks and may reflect a different sequence of Precambrian rocks to the east, a lower grade of Precambrian metamorphism to the east, or possibly a reduction in magnetite content in the eastern Precambrian rocks because of Paleozoic metamorphism.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Harwood, D.S., and Zietz, I., 1974, Configuration of Precambrian rocks in southeastern New York and adjacent New England from aeromagnetic data: GSA Bulletin, v. 85, no. 2, p. 181-188.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"188","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.05826097754819,\n 41.10698859225988\n ],\n [\n -73.26750552005615,\n 41.11339495665467\n ],\n [\n -73.1824780515086,\n 41.90926188486546\n ],\n [\n -72.63830225280499,\n 41.896605081089206\n ],\n [\n -72.595788518531,\n 42.907440228552105\n ],\n [\n -74.05826097754819,\n 42.994568812271524\n ],\n [\n -74.05826097754819,\n 41.10698859225988\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harwood, David S.","contributorId":48153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zietz, Isidore","contributorId":90825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zietz","given":"Isidore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207917,"text":"70207917 - 1974 - Preliminary model for extrusion and rifting at the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 36°48′ North","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T07:25:01","indexId":"70207917","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-20T11:41:38","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary model for extrusion and rifting at the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 36°48′ North","docAbstract":"The inner rift valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 36°48′ N. is 1.5 to 3 km wide and 100 to 400 m deep. It is symmetrical in profile with a discontinuous medial ridge 100 to 240 m high and 800 to 1,300 m wide along its axis. The medial ridge is replaced every 1 to 3 km with a central trough 200 to 600 m wide.
The medial ridge is apparently built by eruptions of pillow basalt recurring at intervals of roughly 14,000 years at a given point. Between eruptions (and possibly during them), the ridge splits and divides along its axis and subsides, which produces the central trough. As the trough widens and deepens, it eventually taps magma in a shallow reservoir, initiating a new eruption that rebuilds the medial ridge.
Outward spreading of the inward-dipping shingled halves of the former medial ridge produces a layer of pillowed basalts about 400 m thick (oceanic layer 2A), in which resides the bulk of the remanant magnetization of the ocean floor. This layer overlies a layer of intrusive rock (layer 2B) composed of a dike complex that feeds eruptions building the medial ridge as well as the outward moving, solidified shells of a shallow magma chamber.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<437:PMFEAR>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Fleming, H., 1974, Preliminary model for extrusion and rifting at the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 36°48′ North: Geology, v. 2, no. 9, p. 437-440, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<437:PMFEAR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"440","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 36°48' North ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -38.67187499999999,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -35.947265625,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -35.947265625,\n 34.45221847282654\n ],\n [\n -38.67187499999999,\n 34.45221847282654\n ],\n [\n -38.67187499999999,\n 29.76437737516313\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, H.S.","contributorId":221679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleming","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}