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In this manner, 1,318 sampling sites were chosen, and the results of the sample analyses for 50 elements were plotted on maps. The arithmetic and geometric mean, the geometric deviation, and a histogram showing frequencies of analytical values are given for 47 elements.\r\n\r\nThe lower concentrations of some elements (notable, aluminum, barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and strontium) in most samples of surficial materials from the Eastern United States, and the greater abundance of heavy metals in the same materials of the Western United States, indicates a regional geochemical pattern of the largest scale. The low concentrations of many elements in soils characterize the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Souls of the Pacific Northwest generally have high concentrations of aluminum, cobalt, iron, scandium, and vanadium, but are low in boron. Soils of the Rocky Mountain region tend to have high concentrations of copper, lead, and zinc. High mercury concentrations in surficial materials are characteristic of Gulf Coast sampling sites and the Atlantic coast sites of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Maine. At the State level, Florida has the most striking geochemical pattern by having soils that are low in concentrations of most elements considered in this study. Some smaller patterns of element abundance can be noted, but the degree of confidence in the validity of these patterns decreases as the patterns become less extensive.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1270","usgsCitation":"Shacklette, H.T., and Boerngen, J.G., 1984, Element concentrations in soils and other surficial materials of the conterminous United States (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1270, iv, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1270.","productDescription":"iv, 105 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1270.jpg"},{"id":9098,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1270/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":405953,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Whitlow, J.W., and Annis, M., 1984, Gold in stream sediments from the Orange County copper district, east-central Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-889, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84889.","productDescription":"22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0889/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38956,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0889/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db6749cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitlow, J. W.","contributorId":63810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Annis, M.P.","contributorId":62220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annis","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1696,"text":"wsp2192 - 1984 - Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes produced by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9187,"text":"ofr81541 - 1981 - Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes created by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida","indexId":"ofr81541","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes created by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1696,"text":"wsp2192 - 1984 - Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes produced by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida","indexId":"wsp2192","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes produced by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp2192","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2192","title":"Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes produced by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"Turbidity plumes in Tampa Bay, Florida, produced during ship-channel dredging operations from February 1977 to August 1978, were monitored in order to document plume appearance and water quality, evaluate plume influence on the characteristics of Tampa Bay water, and provide a data base for comparison with other areas that have similar sediment, dredge, placement, containment, and tide conditions. The plumes investigated originated from the operation of one hopper dredge and three cutterhead-pipeline dredges. \r\n\r\nComposition of bottom sediment was found to vary from 85 percent sand and shell fragments to 60 percent silt and clay. Placement methods for dredged sediment included beach nourishment, stationary submerged discharge, oscillating surface discharge, and construction of emergent dikes. Tidal currents ranged from slack water to flow velocities of 0.60 meter per second. \r\n\r\nPlumes were monitored simultaneously by (1) oblique and vertical 35-millimeter aerial photography and (2) water-quality sampling to determine water clarity and concentrations of nutrients, metals, pesticides, and industrial compounds. Forty-nine photographs depict plumes ranging in length from a few tens of meters to several kilometers and ranging in turbidity level from <10 to 200,000 nephelometric turbidity units. \r\n\r\nThe most visible turbidity plumes were produced by surface discharge of material with high sand content into unconfined placement areas during times of strong tidal currents. The least visible turbidity plumes were produced by discharge of material with high silt and clay content into areas enclosed by floating turbidity barriers during times of weak tidal currents. Beach nourishment from hopper-dredge unloading operations also produced plumes of low visibility. \r\n\r\nPrimary turbidity plumes were produced directly by dredging and placement operations; secondary plumes were produced indirectly by resuspension of previously deposited material. Secondary plumes were formed both by erosion, in areas of high-velocity tidal currents, and by turbulence from vessels passing over fine material deposited in shallow areas. \r\n\r\nWhere turbidity barriers were not used, turbidity plumes visible at the surface were good indicators of the location of turbid water at depth. Where turbidity barriers were used, turbid bottom water was found at locations having no visible surface plumes.\r\n\r\nA region of rapidly accelerating then decelerating flow near the mouth of Tampa Bay produced a two-part or separated plume. Flow acceleration contracted the width of the visible plume, and subsequent flow deceleration caused plume expansion. The two wide segments of the plume appeared to be separated from each other because of the intervening narrow part. \r\n\r\nWaters ambient to the plumes were tested for clarity in two sections of Tampa Bay. Ambient-water transparency in Tampa Bay was about three times greater near its mouth, in South Tampa Bay, than near its head, in Hillsborough Bay. Two other measures of water clarity, turbidity and suspended solids, showed no statistically significant difference between the two areas, however, indicating that transparency is a more sensitive measure of ambient water clarity than either turbidity or suspended solids. \r\n\r\nThe nutrient and metal concentrations for samples of plume water and water ambient to the plumes in Tampa Bay were statistically equivalent, indicating no detectable changes due to dredging. The concentrations of dissolved copper, lead, mercury, and total mercury, however, were greater in plumes in Hillsborough Bay than in South Tampa Bay. In Hillsborough Bay, six occurrences of the herbicide 2,4-D at concentrations near the detection limit, 0.01 to 0.05 micrograms per liter, were unrelated to dredging activity. \r\n\r\nData recorded for longer than the study period indicate that from 1976 through 1979 few average turbidity characteristics in South Tampa and Hillsborough Bays can be directly attributed to dredging operation","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2192","usgsCitation":"Goodwin, C., and Michaelis, D., 1984, Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes produced by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2192, vi, 66 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2192.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2192/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26778,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2192/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67add0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodwin, Carl R.","contributorId":76284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"Carl R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michaelis, D.M.","contributorId":44896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelis","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18745,"text":"ofr84382 - 1984 - Reconnaissance geology of the Al Mukhul Quadrangle, sheet 26/42 B, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-07T16:51:10","indexId":"ofr84382","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-382","title":"Reconnaissance geology of the Al Mukhul Quadrangle, sheet 26/42 B, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"

The Al Makhul quadrangle (26/42 B) lies in the northern part of the Arabian Shield between lat 26°30' and 27°00' N. and long 42°30' and 43°00' E. Amphibolite, the oldest metamorphic rock exposed in the quadrangle, crops out in a restricted area in the south-central part of the quadrangle. Younger, weakly metamorphosed rhyolite, basalt, and graywacke sandstone on the west edge of the quadrangle are correlated with lithologically similar rocks exposed to the southwest that comprise the Hibshi formation. The Turmus formation, located in the north-central part of the quadrangle, is composed of weakly metamorphosed andesite flow rocks, andesitic agglomerate, and related volcanic graywacke and is similar in metamorphic grade, age relations with intrusive rocks, and structural character to the rocks on the west edge of the quadrangle; it is thought to be approximately coeval with them.

\n

Seven plutonic units, ranging in composition from gabbro and diorite to alkali-feldspar granite, intrude the weakly metamorphosed rocks. Some of these plutons are offset along a northwest-trending fault of the Najd fault system but their emplacement postdates all other major tectonic episodes in the area. The weakly metamorphosed rocks were deposited on an erosional surface underlain by a pluton composed of quartz diorite.

\n

Quaternary alkali basalt crops out in the northwest part of the quadrangle. These rocks are at the southeast edge of Harrat al Hutaymah, a basalt field composed of flow rocks, tuff rings, and cinder cones.

\n

Mineral potential in the quadrangle is low. At a very small prospect pit in the north-central part of the quadrangle, massive, milky quartz veins cutting weakly metamorphosed volcanogenic sedimentary rocks are stained blue and green by copper minerals. A previously reported mine site in the southern part of the quadrangle was not relocated.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr84382","usgsCitation":"Du Bray, E., 1984, Reconnaissance geology of the Al Mukhul Quadrangle, sheet 26/42 B, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-382, ii, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84382.","productDescription":"ii, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":48105,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0382/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48106,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0382/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0382/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 43,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 43,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640fc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Du Bray, E. A.","contributorId":22333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du Bray","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":35806,"text":"b1550 - 1984 - Precambrian deposits of zinc-copper-lead sulfides and zinc spinel (gahnite) in Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11127,"text":"ofr77607 - 1977 - Preliminary data on some Precambrian deposits of zinc-copper-lead sulfides and zinc spinel (granite) in Colorado","indexId":"ofr77607","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary data on some Precambrian deposits of zinc-copper-lead sulfides and zinc spinel (granite) in Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35806,"text":"b1550 - 1984 - Precambrian deposits of zinc-copper-lead sulfides and zinc spinel (gahnite) in Colorado","indexId":"b1550","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Precambrian deposits of zinc-copper-lead sulfides and zinc spinel (gahnite) in Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:40","indexId":"b1550","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1550","title":"Precambrian deposits of zinc-copper-lead sulfides and zinc spinel (gahnite) in Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1550","usgsCitation":"Sheridan, D.M., and Raymond, W.H., 1984, Precambrian deposits of zinc-copper-lead sulfides and zinc spinel (gahnite) in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1550, iv, 31 p. ill., maps ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1550.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. ill., maps ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1550/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63727,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1550/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db6810a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheridan, Douglas M.","contributorId":13966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raymond, William H.","contributorId":48555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221920,"text":"5221920 - 1984 - Contaminant concentrations in manatees in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T15:26:03.773312","indexId":"5221920","displayToPublicDate":"1984-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminant concentrations in manatees in Florida","docAbstract":"

The status of the endangered manatee (Trichehus manatus) in relation to organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, lead, cadmium, copper, iron, and selenium was investigated in Florida from 1977 to 1981. Concentrations of organochlorines in blubber, mercury in muscle and liver, lead in liver, and lead and cadmium in kidneys did not indicate high exposure to these contaminants. Only cadmium in kidneys showed a positivde correlation with relative age. Copper concentrations in livers of these aquatic herbivores were significantly elevated in areas of high herbicidal copper usage after adjustment for significant age-related effects. Liver copper concentrations comparable to those associated with toxic effects in some domestic species were found in manatees from areas of high copper herbicide use. The use of copper herbicides for control of aquatic plants should be carefully managed in areas used intensively by manatees.

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\"}}]}","volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a29e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J. osheat@usgs.gov","contributorId":2327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"osheat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, John F.","contributorId":30185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kochman, Howard I. hkochman@usgs.gov","contributorId":4693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochman","given":"Howard","email":"hkochman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013854,"text":"70013854 - 1984 - Copper transport along a Sierra Nevada stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T19:25:19","indexId":"70013854","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper transport along a Sierra Nevada stream","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1984)110:3(646)","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Leland, H., and Bencala, K.E., 1984, Copper transport along a Sierra Nevada stream: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 110, no. 3, p. 646-655, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1984)110:3(646).","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"655","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc00e4b0c8380cd4e08e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leland, H.V.","contributorId":82455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"H.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013383,"text":"70013383 - 1984 - Effects of copper on composition species of periphyton in a Sierra Nevada, California, stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T19:37:11","indexId":"70013383","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of copper on composition species of periphyton in a Sierra Nevada, California, stream","docAbstract":"

An oligotrophic stream was continuously dosed for 1 yr at 2.5, 5 and 10 mu g l-1 CuT; c12, 25 and 50 ng l-1 Cu2+. The numerically most abundant taxa were Bacillariophyceae (Achnanthes minutissima, Cocconeis placentula, Cymbella microcephala, C. sinuata, Fragilaria construens, F. crotonensis, Navicula spp., Synedra acus and S. rumpens), and the Cyanophyta Lyngbya spp., a co-dominant during spring and summer. Population densities of Lyngbya spp. were markedly reduced at all Cu concentrations. Population densities of the principal Chlorophyta (Spirogyra spp., Cladophora spp.) and the diatom Amphipleura pellucida were reduced at 5 mu g l-1 CuT. Of the 22 most abundant taxa, 16 were reduced in abundance by continuous exposure to 10 mu g l-1 CuT. There was no commensurate reduction in standing crop. Achnanthes minutissima was the primary replacement species. Other taxa more abundant at 5 mu g l-1 CuT than in the control were Ceratoneis arcus, Cocconeis placentula, Navicula spp. and Synedra rumpens. Only A. minutissima and Calothrix spp. were more abundant at 10 mu g l-1 than in the control. Three resemblance measures (Canberra metric, Bray-Curtis and Dice) and diversity (Brillouin's) were evaluated for detecting differences in species composition among stream sections. The Canberra metric, an index sensitive to proportional rather than absolute differences, was the most informative. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.1984.tb00041.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Leland, H., and Carter, J., 1984, Effects of copper on composition species of periphyton in a Sierra Nevada, California, stream: Freshwater Biology, v. 14, no. 3, p. 281-296, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1984.tb00041.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06bee4b0c8380cd513cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leland, H.V.","contributorId":82455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"H.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013317,"text":"70013317 - 1984 - Uplift and submarine formation of some Melanesian porphyry copper deposits: Stable isotope evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:59:19.772362","indexId":"70013317","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uplift and submarine formation of some Melanesian porphyry copper deposits: Stable isotope evidence","docAbstract":"

Hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses of sericites and kaolinites from four young porphyry copper deposits (Ok Tedi (1.2 Ma) and Yandera (6.5 Ma), Papua New Guinea; Koloula (1.5 Ma), Solomon Islands; and Waisoi (<5 Ma), Fiji) indicate that the fluids from which these minerals precipitated were of mixed magmatic and non-magmatic sources. The non-magmatic component of the fluid from the island arc deposits (Koloula, Waisoi) was ocean water.

For Ok Tedi, the non-magmatic component was a meteoric water with an isotopic composition different from that of the present meteoric water in the region. The isotopic signature of the former meteoric water is consistent with a surface elevation of 200 m a.s.l. or less at the time of mineralization. The deposit was later exposed and supergene kaolinitization commenced at approximately 1200 m a.s.l. Uplift and erosion has continued to the present at which time the elevation of the exposed deposit is 1800 m a.s.l. This rate of uplift is consistent with that known from other geological evidence. If the rate of uplift were approximately constant during the last 1.2 Ma, the age of supergene enrichment can be dated at approximately 0.4 Ma B.P.

Similarly, influx of meteoric water at Yandera occurred when the ground surface above the deposit was at an elevation of approximately 600 m a.s.l. The deposit's present elevation is 1600 m a.s.l. In this case a total uplift of approximately 2.2 km is indicated, with removal of 1.2 km of overburden by erosion.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(84)90163-8","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Chivas, A., O’Neil, J.R., and Katchan, G., 1984, Uplift and submarine formation of some Melanesian porphyry copper deposits: Stable isotope evidence: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 68, no. 2, p. 326-334, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(84)90163-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"334","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd26e4b08c986b328ee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chivas, A.R.","contributorId":16573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chivas","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katchan, G.","contributorId":101009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katchan","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013308,"text":"70013308 - 1984 - Copper and cobalt in aquatic mosses and stream sediments from the Idaho Cobalt Belt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T16:51:07.788742","indexId":"70013308","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper and cobalt in aquatic mosses and stream sediments from the Idaho Cobalt Belt","docAbstract":"

Samples of stream sediments and aquatic mosses were collected from nine sites across several mineralized zones at the southeasternmost extension of the Idaho Cobalt Belt. Because the steepness of the terrain and the attendant high flow rate of the streams made it difficult to obtain adequate sediment samples, mosses were considered as an alternative sampling medium. The results not only showed that the Cu and Co content of the mosses correlated almost perfectly with that of the sediments, but that the contrast between samples taken from mineralized and background areas was greater in mosses, especially for Co. Maximum concentrations of 35,000 μg/g Cu and 2000 μg/g Co were observed in the ash of mosses, compared to maximum concentrations of 1700 μg/g and 320 μg/g, respectively, in the associated sediments. Species identification was considered unimportant, which should dispel some reluctance to use mosses in mineral exploration.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(84)90091-8","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Erdman, J.A., and Modreski, P., 1984, Copper and cobalt in aquatic mosses and stream sediments from the Idaho Cobalt Belt: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 20, no. 1, p. 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(84)90091-8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbf6e4b0c8380cd4e05c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdman, J. A.","contributorId":59786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modreski, P.J.","contributorId":98335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modreski","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013156,"text":"70013156 - 1984 - Santaclaraite, a new calcium-manganese silicate hydrate from California.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:26","indexId":"70013156","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Santaclaraite, a new calcium-manganese silicate hydrate from California.","docAbstract":"Santaclaraite, ideally CaMn4(Si5O14(OH))(OH).H2O, occurs as pink and tan veins and masses in Franciscan chert in the Diablo Range, Santa Clara and Stanislaus counties, California. It is associated with four unidentified Mn silicates, Mn-howieite, quartz, braunite, calcite, rhodochrosite, kutnahorite, baryte, harmotome, chalcopyrite and native copper. Santaclaraite is triclinic, space group B1, a 15.633(1), b 7.603(1) , c 12.003(1) A, alpha 109.71(1)o, beta 88.61(1)o, gamma 99.95(1) o, V 1322.0(3) A3; Z = 4. The strongest lines of the X-ray pattern are 7.04(100), 3.003(84), 3.152(80), 7.69(63), 3.847(57) A. Crystals are lamellar to prismatic (flattened on (100)), with good cleavage on (100) and (010); H. 61/2 Dcalc. 3.398 g/cm3, Dmeas. 3.31 (+ or -0.01); optically biaxial negative, alpha 1.681, beta 1.696, gamma 1.708 (all + or - 0.002), 2Valpha 83 (+ or -1)o. Although chemically a hydrated rhodonite, santaclaraite dehydrates to Mn-bustamite at approx 550oC (in air) . Santaclaraite is a five-tetrahedral-repeat single-chain silicate and has structural affinities with rhodonite, nambulite, marsturite, babingtonite and inesite.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Erd, R.C., and Ohashi, Y., 1984, Santaclaraite, a new calcium-manganese silicate hydrate from California.: American Mineralogist, v. 69, no. 1-2, p. 200-206.","startPage":"200","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86bbe4b08c986b3160d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erd, Richard C.","contributorId":89899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erd","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohashi, Y.","contributorId":64382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohashi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013150,"text":"70013150 - 1984 - Gases and trace elements in soils at the North Silver Bell deposit, Pima County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T16:35:25.785604","indexId":"70013150","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gases and trace elements in soils at the North Silver Bell deposit, Pima County, Arizona","docAbstract":"
Soil samples were collected over the North Silver Bell porphyry copper deposit near Tucson, Arizona. Volatile elements and compounds in gases derived from the soils and metallic elements in the soils were analyzed in order: (1) to see which volatile constituents of the soils might be indicative of the ore body or the alteration zones; and (2) to distinguish the ore and alteration zones by comparison of trace elements in the soil.
Plots of analytical data on trace elements in soils indicated a typical distribution pattern for metals around a porphyry copper deposit, with copper, molybdenum, and arsenic concentrations higher over the ore body, and zinc, lead, and silver concentrations higher over the alteration zones.
Higher than average concentrations of helium, carbon disulfide, and sulfur dioxide adsorbed on soils were found over the ore body, whereas higher concentrations of carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulfide were found over the alteration zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(84)90074-8","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, M.E., and Dilbert, C., 1984, Gases and trace elements in soils at the North Silver Bell deposit, Pima County, Arizona: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 20, no. 3, p. 323-336, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(84)90074-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220573,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14e1e4b0c8380cd54bec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, M. E.","contributorId":11612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dilbert, C.A.","contributorId":84633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dilbert","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012837,"text":"70012837 - 1984 - Proton and metal ion binding to natural organic polyelectrolytes—II. Preliminary investigation with a peat and a humic acid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-19T15:25:39.008455","indexId":"70012837","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proton and metal ion binding to natural organic polyelectrolytes—II. Preliminary investigation with a peat and a humic acid","docAbstract":"

We summarize here experimental studies of proton and metal ion binding to a peat and a humic acid. Data analysis is based on a unified physico-chemical model for reaction of simple ions with polyelectrolytes employing a modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Peat exhibited an apparent intrinsic acid dissociation constant of 10−4.05, and an apparent intrinsic metal ion binding constant of: 400 for cadmium ion; 600 for zinc ion; 4000 for copper ion; 20000 for lead ion. A humic acid was found to have an apparent intrinsic proton binding constant of 10−2.6. Copper ion binding to this humic acid sample occurred at two types of sites. The first site exhibited reaction characteristics which were independent of solution pH and required the interaction of two ligands on the humic acid matrix to simultaneously complex with each copper ion. The second complex species is assumed to be a simple monodentate copper ion-carboxylate species with a stability constant of 18.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(84)90117-7","usgsCitation":"Marinsky, J., and Reddy, M., 1984, Proton and metal ion binding to natural organic polyelectrolytes—II. Preliminary investigation with a peat and a humic acid: Organic Geochemistry, v. 7, no. 3-4, p. 215-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(84)90117-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"221","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f95e4b0c8380cd7f84a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marinsky, J.A.","contributorId":42706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinsky","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013609,"text":"70013609 - 1984 - Determination of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver and zinc in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T16:00:25.509124","indexId":"70013609","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3541,"text":"The Analyst","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver and zinc in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrometry","docAbstract":"Arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver and zinc are very useful elements in geochemical exploration. In the proposed method, geological samples are fused with potassium pyrosulphate and the fusate is dissolved in a solution of hydrochloric acid, ascorbic acid and potassium iodide. When this solution is shaken with a 10% V/V Aliquat 336 - isobutyl methyl ketone organic phase, the nine elements of interest are selectively partitioned in the organic phase. All nine elements can then be determined in the organic phase using flame atomic-absorption spectrometry. The method is rapid and allows the determination of Ag and Cd at levels down to 0.1 p.p.m., Cu, Mo, and Zn down to 0.5 p.p.m., Pb, Bi and Sb down to 1 p.p.m. and As down to 5 p.p.m. in geological materials.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/AN9840901589","issn":"00032654","usgsCitation":"Viets, J., O’Leary, R.M., and Clark, R.J., 1984, Determination of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver and zinc in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrometry: The Analyst, v. 109, no. 12, p. 1589-1592, https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9840901589.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1589","endPage":"1592","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff94e4b0c8380cd4f282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Viets, J.G.","contributorId":82300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viets","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Leary, R. M.","contributorId":44894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Robert J.","contributorId":12192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194896,"text":"70194896 - 1984 - Animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air emissions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T16:36:48","indexId":"70194896","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air emissions","docAbstract":"

With existing and proposed air-quality regulations, ecological disasters resulting from air emissions such as those observed at Copperhill, Tennessee, and Sudbury, Ontario, are unlikely. Current air-quality standards, however, may not protect ecosystems from subacute and chronic exposure to air emissions. The encouragement of the use of coal for energy production and the development of the fossil-fuel industries, including oil shales, tar sands, and coal liquification, point to an increase and spread of fossil-fuel emissions and the potential to influence a number of natural ecosystems. This paper reviews the reported responses of ecosystems to air-borne pollutants and discusses the use of animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to these pollutants. Animal species and populations can act as important indicators of biotic and abiotic responses of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. These responses can indicate long-term trends in ecosystem health and productivity, chemical cycling, genetics, and regulation. For short-term trends, fish and wildlife also serve as monitors of changes in community structure, signaling food-web contamination, as well as providing a measure of ecosystem vitality. Information is presented to show not only the importance of animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air-quality degradation, but also their value as air-pollution indices, that is, as air-quality-related values (AQRV), required in current air-pollution regulation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01868030","usgsCitation":"Newman, J.R., and Schreiber, R.K., 1984, Animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air emissions: Environmental Management, v. 8, no. 4, p. 309-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01868030.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"324","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":350726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4ca1e4b06e28e9cabb48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newman, James R.","contributorId":91907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreiber, R. Kent","contributorId":58145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221939,"text":"5221939 - 1984 - Molybdenum and copper levels in white-tailed deer near uranium mines in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T15:19:10.764751","indexId":"5221939","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molybdenum and copper levels in white-tailed deer near uranium mines in Texas","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808486","usgsCitation":"King, K.A., LeLeux, J., and Mulhern, B.M., 1984, Molybdenum and copper levels in white-tailed deer near uranium mines in Texas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 48, no. 1, p. 267-270, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808486.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193500,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Atascosa County, Karnes County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.4083,29.1104],[-98.2809,28.9878],[-98.1879,28.8807],[-97.7292,29.224],[-97.6145,29.1096],[-97.755,29.0056],[-97.5693,28.8157],[-97.7706,28.6717],[-97.7743,28.669],[-97.7812,28.6646],[-97.7847,28.6688],[-97.7882,28.6716],[-97.7929,28.6721],[-97.8267,28.6715],[-97.8276,28.6742],[-97.8291,28.6761],[-97.8353,28.679],[-97.8461,28.6824],[-97.8538,28.6839],[-97.859,28.6845],[-97.8637,28.6841],[-97.8641,28.6874],[-97.8682,28.6902],[-97.8795,28.6932],[-97.8913,28.6998],[-97.8954,28.7013],[-97.8975,28.7032],[-97.8995,28.7055],[-97.8989,28.7073],[-97.8999,28.7092],[-97.9035,28.7116],[-97.9127,28.7168],[-97.9189,28.7187],[-98.0037,28.6896],[-98.099,28.7882],[-98.3363,28.6117],[-98.3372,28.6443],[-98.8035,28.645],[-98.8039,29.0884],[-98.8042,29.2513],[-98.4083,29.1104]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Atascosa\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae157","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Kirk A.","contributorId":9203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeLeux, John","contributorId":60731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeLeux","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulhern, Bernard M.","contributorId":105177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulhern","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003164,"text":"1003164 - 1984 - Effects of twenty-five compounds on four species of aquatic fungi (Saprolegniales) pathogenic to fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T14:42:11.396172","indexId":"1003164","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of twenty-five compounds on four species of aquatic fungi (Saprolegniales) pathogenic to fish","docAbstract":"

Four species of aquatic fungi (Achlya flagellata, A. racemosa, Saprolegnia hypogyna, and S. megasperma) were exposed to 25 chemicals representing seven classes of compounds for 15 and 60 min, in an effort to identify potential fungicidal agents for use in fish culture. The antifungal activity of each chemical was compared with that of malachite green, a reference compound with known fungicidal properties but not registered for fishery use. Six compounds which inhibited fungal growth on artificial media at concentrations of < 100 mg/l (listed in order of decreasing antifungal activity) were the cationics Du-ter® and copper oxychloride sulfate, the amine Lesan®, the amide BAS-389-O1F and the cationics Cuprimyxin® and Roccal® II. Certain chemicals from these classes of compounds may have promise as aquatic fungicides.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(84)90222-9","usgsCitation":"Bailey, T.A., 1984, Effects of twenty-five compounds on four species of aquatic fungi (Saprolegniales) pathogenic to fish: Aquaculture, v. 38, no. 2, p. 97-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(84)90222-9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131260,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6101b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Tom A.","contributorId":90281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223354,"text":"5223354 - 1983 - Toxicity of copper to Gastropoda with notes on the relation to the apple snail: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5223354","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:57","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2649,"text":"Malacological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of copper to Gastropoda with notes on the relation to the apple snail: A review","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Malacological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Imlay, M., and Winger, P.V., 1983, Toxicity of copper to Gastropoda with notes on the relation to the apple snail: A review: Malacological Review, v. 16, p. 11-15.","productDescription":"11-15","startPage":"11","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imlay, M.J.","contributorId":44637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imlay","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210308,"text":"5210308 - 1983 - Environmental contaminants in tissues, foods, and feces of California condors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5210308","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Environmental contaminants in tissues, foods, and feces of California condors","docAbstract":"Two wild California Condors contained moderate to high levels of DDE in their tissues. The levels found could be high enough to cause reproductive problems in adult condors, if the assumption is made that condors are as susceptible to DDE as many other species of birds of prey. Other organochlorines occurred at low levels and probably were not high enough to cause deleterious effects. Metal residues in tissues of one bird were generally low except for copper in liver and lead in bone. Normal background levels of these metals in cathartids are unknown, making interpretation of the results difficult. Organochlorine residues in biopsy samples from a captive condor were low and probably would not have an adverse effect on reproduction if the bird were used for captive breeding. Organochlorines were not detected in food items used in the supplemental feeding program, and mercury and lead residues in these items were generally low. Information is needed on current contaminant levels in natural condor prey throughout the condor range.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vulture Biology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley and Los Angeles","usgsCitation":"Wiemeyer, S.N., Krynitsky, A.J., and Wilbur, S., 1983, Environmental contaminants in tissues, foods, and feces of California condors, chap. of Vulture Biology and Management, p. 427-439.","productDescription":"xxii, 550","startPage":"427","endPage":"439","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602418","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wilbur, Sanford R.","contributorId":34188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilbur","given":"Sanford","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506259,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Jerome A.","contributorId":112944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506260,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilbur, S.R.","contributorId":53908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilbur","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":18184,"text":"ofr83778 - 1983 - Geophysical investigations in the Dhahar-Al Hajrah region, Wadi Malahah Quadrangle, southwestern Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:19","indexId":"ofr83778","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-778","title":"Geophysical investigations in the Dhahar-Al Hajrah region, Wadi Malahah Quadrangle, southwestern Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"Crone electromagnetic, self-potential, and induced polarization surveys were conducted in the Dhahar-Al Hajrah region, southwestern Saudi Arabia, in support of geological and geochemical exploration for volcanogenic sulfide deposits. Although a previous, airborne electromagnetic survey found no anomalies in the vicinity of the ancient mines in the region, surface indications of anomalous copper and zinc at both Dhahar and Al Hajrah are abundant. \r\n\r\nReconnaissance Crone electromagnetic traverses across the Dhahar prospect area delineated numerous conductive zones, but none had a dip-angle anomaly of more than 10?. Similar results were obtained at Al Hajrah. \r\n\r\nWith one or two encouraging exceptions, self-potential surveys at Al Hajrah showed only broad gradients and anomalies having amplitudes of less than 40 mV. Dipole-dipole induced polarization surveys at Al Hajrah delineated two nearly continuous polarizable zones having an aggregate strike length of almost 7 km. The two zones are symmetrically disposed on either side of a median aplitic dike and may lie on opposing limbs of a south-plunging antiform. Chargeabilities in the anomalous zones are weak to moderate but in most places are clearly associated with anomalous copper and (or) zinc concentrations found by surface sampling. \r\n\r\nGround electromagnetic traverses are recommended to determine the most conductive intervals of anomalous induced polarization effect in the anomalous zones; these conductive intervals should then be tested by drilling, where appropriate. Reconnaissance self-potential traverses are also recommended at Dhahar, and additional ground electromagnetic surveys are recommended across two airborne electromagnetic anomalies located immediately southeast of the Al Hajrah target.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83778","usgsCitation":"Blank, H., 1983, Geophysical investigations in the Dhahar-Al Hajrah region, Wadi Malahah Quadrangle, southwestern Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-778, ii, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83778.","productDescription":"ii, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0778/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47548,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0778/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47549,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0778/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47550,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0778/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47551,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0778/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47552,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0778/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47553,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0778/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c1b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blank, H. R.","contributorId":50516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blank","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9835,"text":"ofr83371 - 1983 - Geologic interpretation of geophysical data for the Wadi al Jarir and Al Jurdhawiyah quadrangles, sheets 25/42 C and D, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-22T17:47:50","indexId":"ofr83371","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-371","title":"Geologic interpretation of geophysical data for the Wadi al Jarir and Al Jurdhawiyah quadrangles, sheets 25/42 C and D, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"

Interpretations of aeromagnetic and gravity data made in support of geologic mapping clearly outline the near-surface shape of Proterozoic granitic units in the Wadi al Jarir (25/42 C) and Al Jurdhawiyah (25/42 D) 1:100,000-scale quadrangles of the northern part of the Arabian Shield. The aeromagnetic data show marked correlation with the surface geology, and the resulting interpretation defines nine magnetic provinces inferred to reflect bodies of granitic rock possessing homogeneous magnetic properties. Several magnetic lineations of possible structural significance are identified and probably relate to Najd faulting. Older structures of the Hijaz tectonic cycle cannot unequivocally be defined.

\n

Four of the younger granitic bodies are interpreted to be tabular in cross-section and of finite thickness on the basis of magnetic anomalies defined by high-amplitude, short-wavelength, positive anomalies along the southern margin of the body and counterpart negative anomalies along the northern margin. One of these bodies, a granodiorite porphyry in the northwestern part of the Al Jurdhawiyah quadrangle, is estimated to be from 4 to 7 km thick on the basis of calculations of gravity data. Older granites possess no edge anomalies and therefore are interpreted to extend to greater depth. Peralkaline granites are distinctively nonmagnetic and are identifiable in the aeromagnetic data as areas of little magnetic relief.

\n

Correlation of aeromagnetic data and mineral deposit information provide justification for some prospecting guides. Small granodiorite-porphyry plutons with distinct edge anomalies in Murdama metasediments commonly are associated with copper-gold-bearing quartz veins. Vein orientations in these and most other known deposits in the northeastern Shield cannot be sensibly related to the stress field of the Najd fault system, and are believed to predate the Najd or to have been governed by local factors. Small, weakly magnetic targets such as the Bald al Jimalah West tungsten deposit are not indicated by the regional magnetic data.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr83371","usgsCitation":"Kleinkopf, M.D., and Cole, J., 1983, Geologic interpretation of geophysical data for the Wadi al Jarir and Al Jurdhawiyah quadrangles, sheets 25/42 C and D, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-371, Report: 32 p.; Maps: 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83371.","productDescription":"Report: 32 p.; Maps: 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":37620,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0371/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37621,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0371/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0371/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37622,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0371/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37623,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0371/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 25.5\n ],\n [\n 43,\n 25.5\n ],\n [\n 43,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a51cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleinkopf, M. Dean","contributorId":37723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinkopf","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":21539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9728,"text":"ofr83257 - 1983 - Background hydrologic information in potential lignite mining areas in Mississippi, July 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr83257","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-257","title":"Background hydrologic information in potential lignite mining areas in Mississippi, July 1982","docAbstract":"A water-quality sampling program was initiated in 1980 to determine background hydrologic data in potential lignite mining areas of Mississippi. This report is the third in a planned five-part series to provide data to assess future impacts of mining on small streams. The data indicates that most streams in the study area have a dissolved-solids concentration less than 100 mg/. The major ion concentrations were generally less than 10 mg/. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and selenium in bottom material samples were below detectable limits. Cobalt, lead, zinc, copper, and chromium concentrations exceeded 10 micro-/g at all sites and maganese exceeded 1000 micro-/g at five sites. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83257","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S.J., 1983, Background hydrologic information in potential lignite mining areas in Mississippi, July 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-257, 25 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83257.","productDescription":"25 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0257/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37473,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0257/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64adb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J. 0000-0003-4110-1716 sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":160198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9228,"text":"ofr83448 - 1983 - Reconnaissance geology of the Thaniyah Quadrangle, sheet 20/42 C, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:18","indexId":"ofr83448","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-448","title":"Reconnaissance geology of the Thaniyah Quadrangle, sheet 20/42 C, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"The Thaniyah quadrangle, sheet 20/42 C, is located in the transition zone between the Hijaz Mountains and the Najd Plateau of southwestern Saudi Arabia between lat 20?00' and 20?30' N., long 42?00' to 42?30' E. The quadrangle is underlain by Precambrian metavolcanic, metasedimentary, plutonic, and dike rocks. Metavolcanic rocks consist of metamorphosed basalt and andesite with minor dacite and rhyolite and underlie three discontinuous northwest-trending belts. Metasedimentary rocks are confined to small areas underlain by quartzite, metasandstone, marble, and calc-silicate rock. \r\n\r\nPlutonic rocks include an extensive unit of tonalite and quartz diorite and a smaller unit of diorite and quartz diorite, which occupy much of the central part of the quadrangle. A small body of diorite and gabbro and a two-part zone of tonalite gneiss are also present. All of these plutonic rocks are assigned to the An Nimas batholith. \r\n\r\nYounger plutonic rocks include extensive graphic granite and rhyolite in the northeastern part of the quadrangle and several smaller bodies of granitic rocks and of gabbro. \r\n\r\nThe metavolcanic rocks commonly have strong foliation with northwest strike and steep to vertical dip. Diorite and quartz diorite are sheared and brecciated and apparently syntectonic. Tonalite and quartz diorite are both foliate and nonfoliate and were intruded in episodes both preceding and following shearing. The granitic rocks and gabbro are post-tectonic. \r\n\r\nTrends of faults and dikes are mostly related to the Najd faulting episode. \r\n\r\nRadiometric ages, mostly from adjacent quadrangles, suggest that the An Nimas batholith is 835 to 800 Ma, gabbro and granite, except the graphic granite and rhyolite unit, are about 640 to 615 Ma, and the graphic granite and rhyolite 575 to 565 Ma old.\r\n\r\nMetavolcanic rocks similar to those hosting copper and gold mineralization in the Wadi Shuwas mining district adjacent to the southwestern part of the quadrangle are abundant. An ancient copper mine was discovered at the edge of the tonalite gneiss belt east of Wadi Ranyah. Granite and gabbro have economic potential as building stone.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83448","usgsCitation":"Greene, R.C., 1983, Reconnaissance geology of the Thaniyah Quadrangle, sheet 20/42 C, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-448, ii, 25 p., 1 over-size sheet, maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83448.","productDescription":"ii, 25 p., 1 over-size sheet, maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0448/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36865,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0448/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36866,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0448/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63ec01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, Robert C.","contributorId":36108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}