In the U.S., 525,000 horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) per year have been captured during 2013–2017, brought to biomedical facilities, and bled to produce Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL), then mostly released to the area of capture. The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission estimates short-term bleeding-induced mortality to be 15% (4% to 30%), resulting in mortality of approximately 78,750 horseshoe crabs annually in recent years comprising a minor portion (<13%) of the up to one million annual coastwide landings dominated by harvest for bait. However, the long-term effect of bleeding for LAL on annual survival and spawning behavior is unknown; thus, results from short-term studies alone might underestimate bleeding effects at the population level. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife horseshoe crab tagging database to estimate the differences in survival and recapture rates of bled and not bled horseshoe crabs tagged in the same years and geographic area. Contrary to expectation, survival was not lower for bled crabs compared to unbled crabs. Differences varied, but survival estimates tended to be higher for bled crabs than for unbled crabs. However, biomedical culling and selection for younger or healthier animals could have resulted in biomedically tagged individuals representing a healthier subset of the overall population with subsequent higher survival. Furthermore, the tagging analysis revealed a post-bleeding reduction in capture probability, which could indicate decreased spawning activity, evident in males more than females. Continued tagging of bled and unbled crabs in the same geographic area while recording age class and sex will contribute to the further resolution of LAL production’s effect on horseshoe crab populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2020.607668","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.R., Newhard, J., McGowan, C.P., and Butler, C.A., 2020, The Long-term effect of bleeding for Limulus amebocyte lysate on annual survival and recapture of tagged horseshoe crabs: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 7, 607668, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.607668.","productDescription":"607668, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-115044","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.607668","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 37.09900294387622\n ],\n [\n -75.08056640625,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 38.496593518947584\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 38.950865400919994\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 39.172658670429946\n ],\n [\n -75.509033203125,\n 39.46164364205549\n ],\n [\n -75.421142578125,\n 39.257778150283364\n ],\n [\n -75.30029296875,\n 38.89958342598271\n ],\n [\n -75.12451171875,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 38.53097889440024\n ],\n [\n -75.135498046875,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -75.30029296875,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 37.55328764595765\n ],\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 37.09900294387622\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newhard, Joshua","contributorId":264675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newhard","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGowan, Conor P. 0000-0002-7330-9581 cmcgowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-9581","contributorId":167162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Conor","email":"cmcgowan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":821864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, C. Alyssa","contributorId":264748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alyssa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":821933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70216898,"text":"sim3458 - 2020 - Geologic map and borehole stratigraphy of Hinkley Valley and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-04T19:40:40.811178","indexId":"sim3458","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-18T06:45:39","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3458","displayTitle":"Geologic Map and Borehole Stratigraphy of Hinkley Valley and Vicinity, San Bernardino County, California","title":"Geologic map and borehole stratigraphy of Hinkley Valley and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"Hinkley Valley, in the central to western Mojave Desert of southeastern California, has a long historical record owing to its position as a crossroads for rail and road traffic and its position adjacent to the Mojave River. Subflow in the Mojave River provided groundwater recharge that maintained water consumption and demand by way of shallow wells for local agriculture in the valley. Its crossroads position led to construction of several power-transmission lines, pipeline, and communications cable routes that transect Hinkley Valley. One of these, a natural gas pipeline and its associated compressor station, was the locus of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), released into, and consequent contamination of, groundwater. Understanding the movement and fate of the contaminants is a complex hydrologic and geochemical problem. Geologic mapping of the Hinkley Valley area provides framework elements for use in resolving this problem. This report provides new information on surface and subsurface geology to better constrain the origin and geometry of hydrologically important deposits in the Hinkley Valley area and describes youthful faults that may control sediment distribution and groundwater flow. The geologic map (sheet 1) presents substantial new information on surficial geology, including Pliocene deposits, but does not contain significant new work on bedrock. Bedrock investigations were specific to identifying youthful faults and representative outcrops for rocks that were penetrated by boreholes in the valley. Special attention was placed on locating and describing youthful faults. In addition, we analyzed gravity data to (1) map horizontal gradients that we interpret to reflect long-term fault traces and to (2) estimate the depth to bedrock, which is defined as Miocene and older intrusive and metamorphic rocks for the purposes of this report. The subsurface geology of Hinkley Valley was investigated by examining borehole sediment cores and rock encountered at the base of the sediment section. We analyzed the core to determine depositional environments, provenance, and age of the sediment that infilled the valley. Valleys, mountains, and basins in the Hinkley Valley area are topographically complex and incompletely named. The nearly flat floored Hinkley Valley slopes gently northward. It is framed by Mount General and the informally named “Hinkley hills” (southeast of Mount General) on the northeast and by Iron Mountain and Lynx Cat Mountain on the southwest, although breaks in the western mountains allow stream connections between Hinkley Valley and another valley to the west that is herein referred to as Hawes valley. At its south end, Hinkley Valley is traversed by the entrenched Mojave River, which passes east out of the valley past Barstow. North of Hinkley Valley, a few low hills (including Red Hill) separate the valley from a broad west-sloping piedmont that is part of the physiographic Harper Basin (of which the Harper Lake playa is the center). The lower part of this piedmont, however, is referred to as Water Valley, although it is not a distinct valley. The name derives from groundwater sourced from subflow in the Mojave River, which caused shallow water and even artesian flow in Water Valley but not in other parts of the Harper Basin. When water filled the Harper Basin to form Pleistocene Lake Harper it not only submerged Water Valley but also northern Hinkley Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3458","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board and the State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Miller, D.M., Langenheim, V.E., and Haddon, E.K., 2020, Geologic map and borehole stratigraphy of Hinkley Valley and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3458, pamphlet 23 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3458.","productDescription":"Pamphlet,: iv, 23 p.; 2 Sheets ; 2 Tables; Database; Data Release; Metadata","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-102109","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381271,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3458/sim3458_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":381270,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3458/sim3458_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":381269,"rank":5,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3458/sim3458_database.zip","text":"Database","size":"7.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":381268,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3458/sim3458_base.zip","text":"Base","size":"1.25 GB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":381267,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3458/sim3458_metadata.txt","size":"10 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":381266,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3458/sim3458_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":381451,"rank":10,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FV5LG5","linkHelpText":"Gravity data of the Hinkley area, southern California"},{"id":381273,"rank":9,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3458/sim3458_table_7.xlsx","text":"Table 7","size":"60 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":381265,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3458/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":381272,"rank":8,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3458/sim3458_table_3.xlsx","text":"Table 3","size":"20 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernadino County","otherGeospatial":"Hinkley Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.26257324218749,\n 34.80647431931937\n ],\n [\n -117.06619262695312,\n 34.80647431931937\n ],\n [\n -117.06619262695312,\n 35.060352812431496\n ],\n [\n -117.26257324218749,\n 35.060352812431496\n ],\n [\n -117.26257324218749,\n 34.80647431931937\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
Mojave Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations continue to decline throughout their range. Head-starting—the captive rearing of offspring to a size where they are presumably more likely to survive post-release—is being explored as a potential recovery tool. Previous Desert Tortoise head-starting programs have reared neonates exclusively outdoors. Here, we explore using a combination of indoor and outdoor captive rearing to maximize post-release success and rearing efficiency. We assigned 68 neonates (2016 cohort) to one of two treatments: Outdoor HS (n = 38), where neonates were reared exclusively in outdoor predator-proof enclosures, and Combo HS (n = 30), where neonates were reared indoors for 1 y followed by outdoor rearing for 1 y. After 2 y of captive rearing, we randomly selected 24 Outdoor HS and 24 Combo HS juveniles for release in the Mojave National Preserve, CA on 25 September 2018. We compare pre-release size, body condition, and shell hardness as well as first year post-release movement and survival between the treatment groups. Pre-release body condition was not significantly different between groups. Outdoor HS tortoises, however, were significantly smaller and had significantly softer shells than Combo HS tortoises. Excluding two missing animals, released head-starts experienced 78.2% survival through their first year after release. Combo HS tortoises on average dispersed significantly shorter distances after 1 y than Outdoor HS animals. Our findings that Combo HS animals were larger and had harder shells at release, and exhibited high survival but low dispersal following release, support the implementation of combination head-starting as part of the recovery effort for the Mojave Desert Tortoise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"McGovern, P., Buhlmann, K.A., Todd, B.D., Moore, C.T., Peaden, J.M., Hepinstall-Cymerman, J., Daly, J.A., and Tuberville, T.D., 2020, Comparing husbandry techniques for optimal head-starting of the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii): Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 626-641.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"641","ipdsId":"IP-115675","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol15_issue3.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Ivanpah Valley, Mojave National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.4608154296875,\n 35.110921809704756\n ],\n [\n -115.10925292968749,\n 35.110921809704756\n ],\n [\n -115.10925292968749,\n 35.50987173838399\n ],\n [\n -115.4608154296875,\n 35.50987173838399\n ],\n [\n -115.4608154296875,\n 35.110921809704756\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGovern, P. A.","contributorId":275620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGovern","given":"P. A.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhlmann, K. A.","contributorId":275621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buhlmann","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Todd, B. D.","contributorId":275623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Todd","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, Clinton T. 0000-0002-6053-2880 cmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-2880","contributorId":3643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Clinton","email":"cmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peaden, J. M.","contributorId":275626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peaden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hepinstall-Cymerman, J.","contributorId":275628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hepinstall-Cymerman","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Daly, J. A.","contributorId":275632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daly","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":56868,"text":"Directorate of Public Works, Environmental Division, Dublin, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tuberville, T. D.","contributorId":275634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuberville","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70219092,"text":"70219092 - 2020 - Environmental contamination and unusual snake mortality in an urban national wildlife refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-23T13:02:13.658097","indexId":"70219092","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-16T07:58:14","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental contamination and unusual snake mortality in an urban national wildlife refuge","docAbstract":"The National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) System protects ~150 million acres of land and water in the United States and provides habitat for >2,000 native vertebrates species. Although legally protected, wildlife populations within these refuges can be threatened by anthropogenic activities. The lack of knowledge about such threats has the potential to undermine biodiversity conservation. \nWe investigated patterns of wildlife mortality among three NWRs in the northern U.S. Gulf Coast. Visual surveys (958 total search-hours) were conducted for live or dead amphibians and reptiles at Big Branch, Bogue Chitto, and Bayou Sauvage NWRs. An exceptionally high incidence of snake mortality (>800% above background, P < 0.001) was observed at one site (Haul Road, Bayou Sauvage NWR). Mortality affected seven species and recurred for 29 months. Intact carcasses were subject to histopathological examination and diagnostic testing. Cause of death was undetermined (n = 9) or attributed to various pathogens (n = 5). \nTo investigate possible underlying causes of this unusual mortality, water exposure challenges and soil toxicological analyses (n = 6 and 11 sites, respectively) were conducted on samples from Bayou Sauvage NWR, given the known potential for anthropogenic contamination in the refuge.\nIn a controlled experiment, survival of Anaxyrus fowlerii embryos exposed to water from Recovery Road (i.e., 250m from a landfill) and Haul Road was reduced 92% and 48%, respectively, compared to four reference sites in the refuge. \nSediment analyses suggested at least seven distinct sources of contaminants in Bayou Sauvage NWR. Potential sources included a landfill, illegal dumping, vehicle emissions, pesticide migration, and an active hydrocarbon pipeline leak discovered 600 m from Haul Road.\nSynthesis and applications: Although further research is needed to determine whether the observed mortality and contamination are related, these collective findings suggest that anthropogenic factors may threaten the ecological integrity of one of the United States largest urban wildlife refuges. More broadly, our study highlights the critical need for species inventories, baseline data, and systematic monitoring in NWRs. Such information is essential to detecting and mitigating anthropogenic threats to biodiversity conservation in protected areas.","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Terrell, K.A., Ballmann, A., Brown, A., Childers, C., Knowles, S., Meredith, A., and Sparks, D., 2020, Environmental contamination and unusual snake mortality in an urban national wildlife refuge: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 652-665.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"652","endPage":"665","ipdsId":"IP-099236","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":384568,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/Volume_15/Issue_3/Terrell_etal_2020.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge, Big Branch Marsh National Wildlife Refuge, Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 28.94086176940557\n ],\n [\n -88.9617919921875,\n 28.94086176940557\n ],\n [\n -88.9617919921875,\n 30.585908257485578\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 30.585908257485578\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 28.94086176940557\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terrell, Kimberly A.","contributorId":255639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Terrell","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":51622,"text":"School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballmann, Anne 0000-0002-0380-056X aballmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-056X","contributorId":140319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballmann","given":"Anne","email":"aballmann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Ashli","contributorId":255640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Ashli","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51623,"text":"Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory, P.O. Box CR, Mississippi State, MS 39762","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Childers, Christina","contributorId":255641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Childers","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51623,"text":"Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory, P.O. Box CR, Mississippi State, MS 39762","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knowles, Susan 0000-0002-0254-6491 sknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-6491","contributorId":5254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Susan","email":"sknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meredith, Ashley","contributorId":255642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meredith","given":"Ashley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51623,"text":"Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory, P.O. Box CR, Mississippi State, MS 39762","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sparks, Darrell","contributorId":255643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"Darrell","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51623,"text":"Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory, P.O. Box CR, Mississippi State, MS 39762","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70262421,"text":"70262421 - 2020 - The ghosts of propagation past: Haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-23T14:32:14.022314","indexId":"70262421","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1601,"text":"Evolutionary Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The ghosts of propagation past: Haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus)","title":"The ghosts of propagation past: Haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus)","docAbstract":"Stocking of fish is an important tool for maintaining fisheries but can also significantly alter population genetic structure and erode the portfolio of within-species diversity that is important for promoting resilience and adaptability. Walleye (Sander vitreus) are a highly valued sportfish in the midwestern United States, a region characterized by postglacial recolonization from multiple lineages and an extensive history of stocking. We leveraged genomic data and recently developed analytical approaches to explore the population structure of walleye from two midwestern states, Minnesota and Wisconsin. We genotyped 954 walleye from 23 populations at ~20,000 loci using genotyping by sequencing and tested for patterns of population structure with single-SNP and microhaplotype data. Populations from Minnesota and Wisconsin were highly differentiated from each other, with additional substructure found in each state. Population structure did not consistently adhere to drainage boundaries, as cases of high intra-drainage and low inter-drainage differentiation were observed. Low genetic structure was observed between populations from the upper Wisconsin and upper Chippewa river watersheds, which are found as few as 50 km apart and were likely homogenized through historical stocking. Nevertheless, we were able to differentiate these populations using microhaplotype-based co-ancestry analysis, providing increased resolution over previous microsatellite studies and our other single SNP-based analyses. Although our results illustrate that walleye population structure has been influenced by past stocking practices, native ancestry still exists in most populations and walleye populations may be able to purge non-native alleles and haplotypes in the absence of stocking. Our study is one of the first to use genomic tools to investigate the influence of stocking on population structure in a nonsalmonid fish and outlines a workflow leveraging recently developed analytical methods to improve resolution of complex population structure that will be highly applicable in many species and systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eva.13186","usgsCitation":"Bootsma, M., Miller, L., Sass, G., Euclide, P., and Larson, W., 2020, The ghosts of propagation past: Haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus): Evolutionary Applications, v. 14, no. 4, p. 1124-1144, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13186.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1124","endPage":"1144","ipdsId":"IP-119896","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481105,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13186","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480943,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-91.217706,43.50055],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.453067,45.298115],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.731396,45.45702],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.857751,45.605962],[-96.835769,45.649648],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.627778,45.786239],[-96.57974,45.82582],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.576569,46.021846],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.587408,46.178164],[-96.584372,46.204155],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.590369,46.249515],[-96.599761,46.330386],[-96.62079,46.347607],[-96.645959,46.353532],[-96.666028,46.374566],[-96.678507,46.404823],[-96.715495,46.436153],[-96.715557,46.463232],[-96.735123,46.478897],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.770226,46.598148],[-96.796767,46.653363],[-96.779252,46.727429],[-96.801446,46.810401],[-96.780398,46.841189],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.767358,46.883663],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.763557,46.909463],[-96.761757,46.934663],[-96.786845,46.928921],[-96.801316,46.965933],[-96.819558,46.967453],[-96.833504,47.01011],[-96.819416,47.024914],[-96.824479,47.059682],[-96.818175,47.104193],[-96.830114,47.146793],[-96.822377,47.162744],[-96.83766,47.201141],[-96.83489,47.246416],[-96.844088,47.289981],[-96.832884,47.30449],[-96.842531,47.312418],[-96.836609,47.338684],[-96.853754,47.373405],[-96.840621,47.389881],[-96.864261,47.420972],[-96.851367,47.509037],[-96.866363,47.524893],[-96.85471,47.535973],[-96.859057,47.558591],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.873671,47.613654],[-96.888573,47.63845],[-96.882376,47.649025],[-96.887126,47.666369],[-96.920119,47.710383],[-96.936909,47.764536],[-96.980579,47.805614],[-97.002456,47.868677],[-97.023156,47.873978],[-97.018054,47.918078],[-97.055554,47.949079],[-97.053537,47.987948],[-97.071911,48.021395],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.104483,48.072428],[-97.10395,48.096184],[-97.119773,48.105381],[-97.131956,48.139563],[-97.141401,48.14359],[-97.146013,48.18459],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.140815,48.232032],[-97.127967,48.251474],[-97.131921,48.266023],[-97.11657,48.279661],[-97.128862,48.292882],[-97.122072,48.300865],[-97.131921,48.312728],[-97.131722,48.341123],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.132746,48.459942],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.138864,48.494362],[-97.153076,48.524148],[-97.149122,48.532305],[-97.162717,48.546765],[-97.137504,48.612268],[-97.125887,48.629076],[-97.109515,48.631453],[-97.097337,48.685186],[-97.134229,48.725167],[-97.153256,48.781031],[-97.178611,48.815839],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.198857,48.899831],[-97.212706,48.908143],[-97.238882,48.966573],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.15335,49.383079],[-95.058404,49.35317],[-94.957465,49.370186],[-94.854245,49.324154],[-94.816222,49.320987],[-94.82516,49.294283],[-94.797527,49.197791],[-94.774228,49.124994],[-94.750221,49.099763],[-94.750218,48.999992],[-94.718932,48.999991],[-94.683069,48.883929],[-94.692527,48.86895],[-94.685681,48.840119],[-94.704284,48.824284],[-94.694312,48.789352],[-94.690889,48.778066],[-94.645083,48.744143],[-94.591018,48.719494],[-94.549069,48.714653],[-94.533057,48.701262],[-94.452332,48.692444],[-94.418919,48.710172],[-94.290737,48.707747],[-94.252753,48.686325],[-94.250497,48.656654],[-94.224276,48.649527],[-93.844008,48.629395],[-93.822644,48.609067],[-93.80527,48.570299],[-93.818253,48.530046],[-93.794454,48.516021],[-93.656652,48.515731],[-93.628865,48.53121],[-93.60587,48.522472],[-93.467504,48.545664],[-93.456675,48.561834],[-93.466007,48.587291],[-93.40856,48.608415],[-93.371156,48.605085],[-93.349095,48.624935],[-93.254854,48.642784],[-93.207398,48.642474],[-93.178095,48.623339],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.954876,48.631493],[-92.949839,48.608269],[-92.728046,48.53929],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.627237,48.503383],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.712562,48.463013],[-92.687998,48.443889],[-92.656027,48.436709],[-92.507285,48.447875],[-92.475585,48.418793],[-92.456325,48.414204],[-92.456389,48.401134],[-92.47675,48.37176],[-92.469948,48.351836],[-92.437825,48.309839],[-92.416285,48.295463],[-92.372802,48.223717],[-92.269742,48.248241],[-92.294541,48.27156],[-92.301451,48.288608],[-92.294527,48.306454],[-92.306309,48.316442],[-92.288994,48.342991],[-92.26228,48.354933],[-92.216983,48.345114],[-92.145049,48.365651],[-92.143583,48.356121],[-92.055228,48.359213],[-92.046562,48.33474],[-92.000133,48.321355],[-92.01298,48.297391],[-92.006577,48.265421],[-91.975809,48.244535],[-91.97024,48.253594],[-91.954397,48.251199],[-91.959166,48.236296],[-91.953398,48.232978],[-91.89347,48.237699],[-91.867882,48.219095],[-91.864382,48.207031],[-91.815772,48.211748],[-91.789011,48.196549],[-91.760874,48.204789],[-91.714931,48.19913],[-91.71243,48.1875],[-91.724584,48.170657],[-91.709383,48.172717],[-91.698174,48.141643],[-91.712226,48.116883],[-91.682845,48.122118],[-91.687623,48.111698],[-91.665208,48.107011],[-91.653261,48.114137],[-91.640175,48.096926],[-91.559272,48.108268],[-91.552962,48.103012],[-91.569746,48.093348],[-91.575471,48.066294],[-91.575672,48.048791],[-91.567254,48.043719],[-91.488646,48.068065],[-91.45033,48.068806],[-91.429642,48.048608],[-91.370872,48.06941],[-91.26638,48.078713],[-91.082731,48.180756],[-91.024208,48.190072],[-90.976955,48.219452],[-90.914971,48.230603],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.875107,48.237784],[-90.839176,48.239511],[-90.836313,48.176963],[-90.819304,48.182699],[-90.804207,48.177833],[-90.796596,48.159373],[-90.776279,48.161927],[-90.778031,48.148723],[-90.796809,48.139521],[-90.751608,48.090968],[-90.641596,48.103515],[-90.582217,48.123784],[-90.55929,48.121683],[-90.569763,48.106951],[-90.556838,48.096008],[-90.489873,48.099012],[-90.465495,48.108659],[-90.443462,48.100575],[-90.403219,48.105114],[-90.374542,48.090942],[-90.305634,48.105117],[-90.293326,48.099131],[-90.136191,48.112136],[-90.023595,48.084708],[-90.015057,48.067188],[-89.997852,48.057567],[-89.99305,48.028404],[-89.968255,48.014482],[-89.934489,48.015628],[-89.915341,47.994866],[-89.886528,47.986305],[-89.847571,47.992442],[-89.841673,48.0029],[-89.834049,47.999516],[-89.807445,48.017224],[-89.763967,48.022969],[-89.717102,48.017172],[-89.702528,48.006325],[-89.673798,48.01151],[-89.639833,48.003964],[-89.614161,48.015495],[-89.582117,47.996314],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-89.491739,48.005212],[-89.551555,47.987305],[-89.555015,47.974849],[-89.572315,47.967238],[-89.58823,47.9662],[-89.624559,47.983153],[-89.640129,47.96793],[-89.638285,47.954275],[-89.697619,47.941288],[-89.793539,47.891358],[-89.923649,47.862062],[-89.933899,47.84676],[-89.974296,47.830514],[-90.072025,47.811105],[-90.075559,47.803303],[-90.16079,47.792807],[-90.187636,47.77813],[-90.248794,47.772763],[-90.437712,47.731612],[-90.537105,47.703055],[-90.551291,47.690266],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-91.045646,47.456525],[-91.156513,47.378816],[-91.188772,47.340082],[-91.262512,47.27929],[-91.477351,47.125667],[-91.573817,47.089917],[-91.591508,47.068684],[-91.626824,47.049953],[-91.644564,47.026491],[-91.704649,47.005246],[-91.780675,46.945881],[-91.883238,46.905728],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-92.094089,46.787839],[-92.088289,46.773639],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-91.961889,46.682539],[-91.790473,46.694624],[-91.593442,46.753345],[-91.511077,46.757453],[-91.411799,46.78964],[-91.369387,46.793745],[-91.315061,46.826729],[-91.256873,46.836833],[-91.226796,46.86361],[-91.207524,46.865835],[-91.178292,46.844259],[-91.134668,46.87249],[-91.136512,46.860975],[-91.107323,46.857469],[-91.090916,46.88267],[-91.050153,46.883037],[-91.034518,46.903053],[-90.998848,46.915975],[-90.968419,46.94391],[-90.92204,46.931372],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.855874,46.962232],[-90.786595,46.927019],[-90.751031,46.887963],[-90.77017,46.876296],[-90.798545,46.823922],[-90.835008,46.790366],[-90.854916,46.788952],[-90.862333,46.768135],[-90.885021,46.756341],[-90.853644,46.694464],[-90.885869,46.670374],[-90.911281,46.663083],[-90.924487,46.625417],[-90.949532,46.603019],[-90.942101,46.588573],[-90.909815,46.582703],[-90.772455,46.635097],[-90.755381,46.646225],[-90.756312,46.66182],[-90.739565,46.689943],[-90.558141,46.586384],[-90.538346,46.581182],[-90.505909,46.589614],[-90.440085,46.562365],[-90.418136,46.566094],[-90.387228,46.533663],[-90.350121,46.537337],[-90.336921,46.554076],[-90.310859,46.539365],[-90.316983,46.517319],[-90.272599,46.521127],[-90.263018,46.502777],[-90.230363,46.509705],[-90.188996,46.469015],[-90.193294,46.463143],[-90.180336,46.456746],[-90.17786,46.440548],[-90.163422,46.434605],[-90.152936,46.401293],[-90.118827,46.359241],[-90.119468,46.3397],[-89.09163,46.138505],[-88.837991,46.030176],[-88.815427,46.022954],[-88.784411,46.032709],[-88.776187,46.015931],[-88.730675,46.026535],[-88.718397,46.013284],[-88.698716,46.017903],[-88.674606,46.010567],[-88.664802,45.989835],[-88.616405,45.9877],[-88.598093,46.017623],[-88.589755,46.005602],[-88.514601,46.019926],[-88.492495,45.992157],[-88.458658,45.999391],[-88.416914,45.975323],[-88.384318,45.988113],[-88.334628,45.968808],[-88.330296,45.956625],[-88.30952,45.959369],[-88.295264,45.951253],[-88.249117,45.963663],[-88.239672,45.948982],[-88.209585,45.94428],[-88.191991,45.95274],[-88.121864,45.92075],[-88.104686,45.922121],[-88.096496,45.917273],[-88.106136,45.900811],[-88.101814,45.883504],[-88.073944,45.875593],[-88.075146,45.864832],[-88.13364,45.823128],[-88.131834,45.811312],[-88.072091,45.780261],[-87.989831,45.794827],[-87.98087,45.776977],[-87.989829,45.772945],[-87.963452,45.75822],[-87.875813,45.753888],[-87.85548,45.726943],[-87.812338,45.711303],[-87.804993,45.695796],[-87.782226,45.683053],[-87.780737,45.675458],[-87.823164,45.662732],[-87.824102,45.647138],[-87.780845,45.614599],[-87.777199,45.588499],[-87.792372,45.563055],[-87.829346,45.568776],[-87.833591,45.562529],[-87.80339,45.538272],[-87.793447,45.498372],[-87.805773,45.473139],[-87.861697,45.434473],[-87.849322,45.403872],[-87.887828,45.358122],[-87.88517,45.351736],[-87.865675,45.358213],[-87.849899,45.344651],[-87.800464,45.353608],[-87.754104,45.349442],[-87.693956,45.389893],[-87.657349,45.368752],[-87.648126,45.339396],[-87.687498,45.298055],[-87.712184,45.239014],[-87.724156,45.233236],[-87.726175,45.21264],[-87.741732,45.198201],[-87.735135,45.171538],[-87.683902,45.144135],[-87.657135,45.107568],[-87.587147,45.089495],[-87.610395,45.075617],[-87.625748,45.045157],[-87.630298,44.976865],[-87.76262,44.965796],[-87.817713,44.951914],[-87.837647,44.933091],[-87.844299,44.918524],[-87.827751,44.891229],[-87.832764,44.880939],[-87.865898,44.840988],[-87.902166,44.824708],[-87.941453,44.75608],[-87.964714,44.74357],[-87.983065,44.72073],[-87.990081,44.669791],[-88.00334,44.65963],[-88.009766,44.637081],[-88.001943,44.603909],[-88.012395,44.602438],[-88.042261,44.567344],[-88.005518,44.539216],[-87.970702,44.530292],[-87.929001,44.535993],[-87.901206,44.568887],[-87.903689,44.581317],[-87.867941,44.607606],[-87.809076,44.636189],[-87.756048,44.649117],[-87.71978,44.693246],[-87.721252,44.722361],[-87.611852,44.836743],[-87.581635,44.851638],[-87.534723,44.85625],[-87.515142,44.869596],[-87.478489,44.863572],[-87.433128,44.892741],[-87.421007,44.887869],[-87.405658,44.860098],[-87.384821,44.865532],[-87.385396,44.889964],[-87.405361,44.909626],[-87.398368,44.925226],[-87.322117,45.034201],[-87.264877,45.081361],[-87.257449,45.121644],[-87.240813,45.137559],[-87.238426,45.166492],[-87.224065,45.174551],[-87.200385,45.163819],[-87.147709,45.190711],[-87.119887,45.193242],[-87.122708,45.221786],[-87.109541,45.255397],[-87.078316,45.265723],[-87.057627,45.292838],[-87.043895,45.284767],[-87.015797,45.29919],[-86.994112,45.298061],[-86.970355,45.278455],[-86.983597,45.264971],[-86.976711,45.246146],[-86.985973,45.215872],[-87.002806,45.211773],[-87.00754,45.222127],[-87.032521,45.222274],[-87.040909,45.211535],[-87.045242,45.158798],[-87.030225,45.147382],[-87.054282,45.120074],[-87.05078,45.088663],[-87.079552,45.070783],[-87.081866,45.059103],[-87.121156,45.058311],[-87.138024,45.015327],[-87.163477,45.004913],[-87.187585,44.971606],[-87.188582,44.952193],[-87.1717,44.931476],[-87.215808,44.906744],[-87.204815,44.877199],[-87.267061,44.847025],[-87.282561,44.814729],[-87.313363,44.794237],[-87.353789,44.701915],[-87.401629,44.631191],[-87.435766,44.606472],[-87.467089,44.553557],[-87.517597,44.375696],[-87.545382,44.321385],[-87.541382,44.294018],[-87.508457,44.229755],[-87.512903,44.192808],[-87.563181,44.144195],[-87.6458,44.105222],[-87.656062,44.051919],[-87.683361,44.020139],[-87.736178,43.880421],[-87.726772,43.812885],[-87.700251,43.76735],[-87.709885,43.735795],[-87.702685,43.687596],[-87.789105,43.564844],[-87.797608,43.52731],[-87.793239,43.492783],[-87.807799,43.461136],[-87.872504,43.380178],[-87.911787,43.250406],[-87.881085,43.170609],[-87.900496,43.126],[-87.866487,43.074419],[-87.894813,43.042497],[-87.896836,43.02053],[-87.889342,43.003647],[-87.845181,42.962015],[-87.847745,42.889595],[-87.824,42.836649],[-87.766675,42.784896],[-87.780782,42.752973],[-87.782023,42.710008],[-87.802377,42.676651],[-87.819407,42.617327],[-87.810873,42.58732],[-87.812273,42.52982],[-87.800477,42.49192],[-88.786681,42.491983],[-90.640927,42.508302],[-90.643927,42.540401],[-90.685487,42.589614],[-90.709204,42.636078],[-90.921155,42.685406],[-90.949213,42.685573],[-91.06468,42.750914],[-91.060129,42.759986],[-91.069549,42.769628],[-91.078665,42.827678],[-91.095114,42.834966],[-91.100565,42.883078],[-91.144706,42.905964],[-91.14655,42.963345],[-91.179457,43.067427],[-91.177003,43.131846],[-91.1462,43.152405],[-91.119115,43.200366],[-91.05791,43.253968],[-91.107237,43.313645],[-91.20662,43.352524],[-91.21477,43.365874],[-91.19767,43.395334],[-91.201224,43.415903],[-91.233187,43.457784],[-91.216035,43.481142],[-91.217706,43.50055]]],[[[-90.403306,47.026693],[-90.413133,47.013533],[-90.464079,46.994636],[-90.455502,47.051331],[-90.437271,47.073483],[-90.393848,47.075956],[-90.403306,47.026693]]],[[[-90.730883,46.873096],[-90.677989,46.897527],[-90.667776,46.890037],[-90.718547,46.864531],[-90.756052,46.830595],[-90.760991,46.838277],[-90.749816,46.861806],[-90.730883,46.873096]]],[[[-90.764857,46.946524],[-90.741417,46.9636],[-90.717456,46.957966],[-90.694487,46.93671],[-90.689302,46.918563],[-90.737107,46.914712],[-90.764857,46.946524]]],[[[-90.568938,46.847391],[-90.683356,46.813275],[-90.685753,46.805003],[-90.65531,46.799173],[-90.656358,46.789745],[-90.716456,46.785418],[-90.763647,46.754927],[-90.787751,46.753301],[-90.783086,46.772939],[-90.791517,46.784713],[-90.736609,46.799654],[-90.712381,46.820743],[-90.656946,46.843476],[-90.622048,46.872872],[-90.602619,46.872715],[-90.568938,46.847391]]],[[[-90.572383,46.958835],[-90.530597,46.968099],[-90.50988,46.959108],[-90.545105,46.917287],[-90.569169,46.920309],[-90.637124,46.906724],[-90.654796,46.919249],[-90.634507,46.942944],[-90.572383,46.958835]]],[[[-87.335299,45.211327],[-87.33622,45.173174],[-87.327284,45.157363],[-87.376777,45.177298],[-87.375569,45.196633],[-87.335299,45.211327]]],[[[-90.962901,46.962028],[-90.980316,46.971578],[-90.98222,46.985417],[-90.93104,47.000857],[-90.92474,46.990532],[-90.931127,46.965334],[-90.962901,46.962028]]],[[[-90.757147,47.03372],[-90.643623,47.041177],[-90.608824,47.007558],[-90.560936,47.037013],[-90.544875,47.017383],[-90.552867,46.999686],[-90.609715,46.991208],[-90.667685,46.951261],[-90.712032,46.98526],[-90.767985,47.002327],[-90.776921,47.024324],[-90.757147,47.03372]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.899488,45.322588],[-86.896922,45.298521],[-86.904362,45.296662],[-86.925681,45.3242],[-86.956054,45.342202],[-86.946791,45.361845],[-86.95497,45.383194],[-86.943041,45.41525],[-86.937393,45.420966],[-86.917686,45.40789],[-86.877502,45.413981],[-86.855993,45.407777],[-86.830353,45.410852],[-86.828731,45.428461],[-86.810055,45.422619],[-86.805415,45.407324],[-86.822083,45.406868],[-86.841432,45.389601],[-86.863367,45.365],[-86.869031,45.333244],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Minnesota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bootsma, Matthew L.","contributorId":349232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bootsma","given":"Matthew L.","affiliations":[{"id":17717,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Loren","contributorId":349233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Loren","affiliations":[{"id":34923,"text":"Minnesota DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sass, Greg G.","contributorId":349235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sass","given":"Greg G.","affiliations":[{"id":16117,"text":"Wisconsin DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Euclide, Peter T.","contributorId":349234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euclide","given":"Peter T.","affiliations":[{"id":17717,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, Wesley 0000-0003-4473-3401 wlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-3401","contributorId":199509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Wesley","email":"wlarson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70217335,"text":"70217335 - 2020 - Tidal wetland resilience to increased rates of sea level rise in the Chesapeake Bay: Introduction to the special feature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-18T17:16:31.373834","indexId":"70217335","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-09T11:13:53","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidal wetland resilience to increased rates of sea level rise in the Chesapeake Bay: Introduction to the special feature","docAbstract":"The papers in this Special Feature are the result of the first Marsh Resilience Summit in the Chesapeake Bay region, which occurred in February 2019. The Chesapeake Bay region has one of the highest rates of relative sea level rise in the U.S., jeopardizing over 1000 km2 of tidal wetlands along with other coastal lands. The goal of the Summit and this collection of articles is to analyze tidal wetland response to accelerating sea level rise and the effect their response will have on adaptation planning for surrounding communities. Ten Summit presenters share their research in this Special Feature. In this Introduction, we summarize their findings on evaluating restoration potential at the site-specific level, measuring and projecting marsh migration and erosions rates, describing impacts of wetland migration on a marsh dependent animal, effects on human communities, and finally the roles of property owners and government on future tidal wetland extent. These contributions demonstrate that tidal marsh distribution is dynamic in response to sea level rise, and that social, legal, and policy tools can be used and further developed to enable opportunities for restoring or conserving wetlands when stakeholders are engaged effectively. The papers here and feedback from Summit participants illuminate diverse priorities, research unknowns, and next steps for land use planning toward resilience of the Chesapeake Bay region that also can inform global communities.
The northern long‐eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) is one of the bat species most affected by white‐nose syndrome. Population declines attributed to white‐nose syndrome contributed to the species’ listing as federally threatened under the 1973 Endangered Species Act. Although one of the most abundant Myotine bats in eastern North America prior to white‐nose syndrome, little is known about northern long‐eared bats in the upper Midwest, USA. We assessed the habitat associations of the northern long‐eared bats on a regional scale using occupancy models that accounted for uncertainty in nightly detection to provide needed information on the distribution as white‐nose syndrome has recently arrived in this area. We monitored bat activity using zero‐crossing frequency‐division bat detectors for 10–15 nights at 20 detector sites at each of 3 sampling areas in Michigan, USA, and 6 sampling areas in Wisconsin, USA, stratified by mesic and xeric habitat types. We constructed northern long‐eared bat nightly detection histories for our occupancy analysis using maximum likelihood estimates from 2 commercially‐available automated identification programs: Kaleidoscope and Echoclass. We sampled for a total of 2,174 detector‐nights. Both Kaleidoscope and Echoclass identified northern long‐eared bat passes on 110 detector‐nights, whereas on 1,968 detector‐nights neither program identified a northern long‐eared bat call. Only one program or the other identified northern long‐eared bat calls on 206 detector‐nights, indicating an overall agreement rate of 35% on nights when calls were detected. We analyzed these data using an occupancy analysis accounting for the potential for false positives to assess the relationship between northern long‐eared bat presence and habitat characteristics. Our analyses indicated that the probability of a false positive at a site was low (0.015; 95% CI 0.009–0.021), and detection probability, but not occupancy, declined from 2015 to 2016 for sites in Wisconsin sampled in both years. Occupancy was positively associated with distance into the forest interior (distance from nearest road).
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1138","usgsCitation":"Hyzy, B.A., Russell, R., Silvis, A., Ford, W., Riddle, J.D., and Russell, K.R., 2020, Occupancy and detectability of northern long-eared bats in the Lake States Region: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 44, no. 4, p. 732-740, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1138.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"732","endPage":"740","ipdsId":"IP-095702","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 42.53689200787315\n ],\n [\n -87.802734375,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 44.574817404670306\n ],\n [\n -87.802734375,\n 45.042478050891546\n ],\n [\n -87.03369140625,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -85.4736328125,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -85.869140625,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -86.7041015625,\n 46.45299704748289\n ],\n [\n -88.00048828124999,\n 46.9502622421856\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 46.965259400349275\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -90.76904296874999,\n 46.9052455464292\n ],\n [\n -91.97753906249999,\n 46.7248003746672\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 45.321254361171476\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 42.53689200787315\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyzy, Brenna A.","contributorId":171457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hyzy","given":"Brenna","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, Robin E. 0000-0001-8726-7303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7303","contributorId":219536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Robin E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silvis, Alexander","contributorId":171585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silvis","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26923,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":806606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riddle, Jason D.","contributorId":146462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riddle","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Russell, Kevin R.","contributorId":150351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70228595,"text":"70228595 - 2020 - Beyond neonicotinoids – Wild pollinators are exposed to a range of pesticides while foraging in agroecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T12:14:59.08284","indexId":"70228595","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-01T13:19:57","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beyond neonicotinoids – Wild pollinators are exposed to a range of pesticides while foraging in agroecosystems","docAbstract":"Pesticide exposure is a growing global concern for pollinator conservation. While most current pesticide studies have specifically focused on the impacts of neonicotinoid insecticides toward honeybees and some native bee species, wild pollinators may be exposed to a broader range of agrochemicals. In 2016 and 2017 we collected a total of 637 wild bees and butterflies from the margins of cultivated agricultural fields situated on five Conservation Areas in mid-northern Missouri. Pollinators were composited by individual genera (90 samples) and whole tissues were then analyzed for the presence of 168 pesticides and degradation products. At least one pesticide was detected (% frequency) in the following wild bee genera: Bombus (96%), Eucera (75%), Melissodes (73%), Ptilothrix (50%), Xylocopa (50%), and Megachile (17%). Similarly, at least one pesticide was detected in the following lepidopteran genera: Hemaris (100%), Hylephila (75%), Danaus (60%), and Colias (50%). Active ingredients detected in >2% of overall pollinator samples were as follows: metolachlor (24%), tebuconazole (22%), atrazine (18%), imidacloprid desnitro (13%), bifenthrin (9%), flumetralin (9%), p, p'-DDD (6%), tebupirimfos (4%), fludioxonil (4%), flutriafol (3%), cyproconazole (2%), and oxadiazon (2%). Concentrations of individual pesticides ranged from 2 to 174 ng/g. Results of this pilot field study indicate that wild pollinators are exposed to and are potentially bioaccumulating a wide variety of pesticides in addition to neonicotinoids. Here, we provide evidence that wild bee and butterfly genera may face exposure to a wide range of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides despite being collected from areas managed for conservation. Therefore, even with the presence of extensive habitat, minimal agricultural activity on Conservation Areas may expose pollinators to a range of pesticides.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140436","usgsCitation":"Main, A., Hladik, M.L., Webb, E.B., Goyne, K., and Mengel, D., 2020, Beyond neonicotinoids – Wild pollinators are exposed to a range of pesticides while foraging in agroecosystems: Science of the Total Environment, v. 742, 140436, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140436.","productDescription":"140436, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118458","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140436","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TZLDZ2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Pesticides in pollinator tissue collected from margins near agricultural fields in Conservation Areas of Missouri"},{"id":395911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.545006,36.336809],[-89.605668,36.342234],[-89.615841,36.336085],[-89.620255,36.323006],[-89.611819,36.309088],[-89.578492,36.288317],[-89.554289,36.277751],[-89.539487,36.277368],[-89.534507,36.261802],[-89.539229,36.248821],[-89.562206,36.250909],[-89.577544,36.242262],[-89.602374,36.238106],[-89.642182,36.249486],[-89.678046,36.248284],[-89.695235,36.252766],[-89.705328,36.239898],[-89.69263,36.224959],[-89.607004,36.171179],[-89.591605,36.144096],[-89.59307,36.129699],[-89.601936,36.11947],[-89.666598,36.095802],[-89.678821,36.084636],[-89.688577,36.029238],[-89.706932,36.000981],[-90.37789,35.995683],[-90.351732,36.025347],[-90.34909,36.040131],[-90.339343,36.047112],[-90.333261,36.067504],[-90.320746,36.071326],[-90.320662,36.087138],[-90.29991,36.098236],[-90.294492,36.112949],[-90.266256,36.120559],[-90.235585,36.139474],[-90.231386,36.147348],[-90.23537,36.159153],[-90.220425,36.184764],[-90.21128,36.183392],[-90.188189,36.20536],[-90.152497,36.215582],[-90.14224,36.227522],[-90.126366,36.229367],[-90.130114,36.240307],[-90.118219,36.253491],[-90.114922,36.265595],[-90.086471,36.271531],[-90.06398,36.303038],[-90.081961,36.322097],[-90.074074,36.342895],[-90.077695,36.348478],[-90.066297,36.3593],[-90.064514,36.382085],[-90.078671,36.399116],[-90.138512,36.413952],[-90.134231,36.422827],[-90.143743,36.424433],[-90.143798,36.428483],[-90.134136,36.436602],[-90.137323,36.455411],[-90.141101,36.461791],[-90.155804,36.463555],[-90.152888,36.47093],[-90.142222,36.470554],[-90.143683,36.476029],[-90.158838,36.479558],[-90.159305,36.492446],[-90.152481,36.497952],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.617975,37.722176],[-94.607354,39.113444],[-94.589933,39.140403],[-94.591933,39.155003],[-94.608834,39.160503],[-94.640035,39.153103],[-94.662435,39.157603],[-94.663835,39.179103],[-94.680336,39.184303],[-94.714137,39.170403],[-94.741938,39.170203],[-94.763138,39.179903],[-94.781518,39.206146],[-94.811663,39.206594],[-94.831679,39.215938],[-94.835056,39.220658],[-94.825663,39.241729],[-94.831471,39.256273],[-94.84632,39.268481],[-94.887056,39.28648],[-94.905329,39.311952],[-94.910017,39.352543],[-94.88136,39.370383],[-94.879281,39.37978],[-94.885026,39.389801],[-94.901823,39.392798],[-94.92311,39.384492],[-94.942039,39.389499],[-94.946293,39.405646],[-94.972952,39.421705],[-94.982144,39.440552],[-95.0375,39.463689],[-95.045716,39.472459],[-95.052177,39.499996],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-95.109304,39.542285],[-95.113077,39.559133],[-95.103228,39.577783],[-95.089515,39.581028],[-95.064519,39.577115],[-95.049277,39.589583],[-95.046361,39.599557],[-95.055152,39.621657],[-95.053367,39.630347],[-95.027644,39.665454],[-95.018318,39.672869],[-94.984149,39.67785],[-94.971317,39.68641],[-94.971206,39.729305],[-94.965318,39.739065],[-94.948726,39.745593],[-94.902612,39.724202],[-94.875643,39.730494],[-94.862943,39.742994],[-94.860743,39.763094],[-94.869644,39.772894],[-94.912293,39.759338],[-94.934262,39.773642],[-94.935206,39.78313],[-94.929654,39.788282],[-94.884084,39.794234],[-94.875944,39.813294],[-94.878677,39.826522],[-94.886933,39.833098],[-94.916918,39.836138],[-94.942567,39.856602],[-94.928466,39.876344],[-94.929574,39.888754],[-94.95154,39.900533],[-94.986975,39.89667],[-95.00844,39.900596],[-95.024389,39.891202],[-95.027931,39.871522],[-95.037767,39.865542],[-95.085003,39.861883],[-95.128166,39.874165],[-95.140601,39.881688],[-95.143802,39.901918],[-95.149657,39.905948],[-95.179453,39.900062],[-95.199347,39.902709],[-95.206326,39.912121],[-95.20069,39.928155],[-95.204428,39.938949],[-95.250254,39.948644],[-95.269886,39.969396],[-95.302507,39.984357],[-95.315271,40.01207],[-95.356876,40.031522],[-95.387195,40.02677],[-95.40726,40.033112],[-95.416824,40.043235],[-95.42164,40.058952],[-95.409856,40.07432],[-95.407591,40.09803],[-95.394216,40.108263],[-95.39284,40.115887],[-95.398667,40.126419],[-95.428749,40.135577],[-95.436348,40.15872],[-95.460746,40.169173],[-95.479193,40.185652],[-95.482757,40.197346],[-95.469718,40.227908],[-95.477501,40.24272],[-95.490333,40.248966],[-95.521925,40.24947],[-95.552473,40.261904],[-95.556325,40.267714],[-95.550966,40.285947],[-95.562157,40.297359],[-95.581787,40.29958],[-95.610439,40.31397],[-95.642262,40.306025],[-95.657328,40.310856],[-95.653729,40.322582],[-95.625204,40.334288],[-95.623728,40.346567],[-95.641027,40.366399],[-95.643934,40.386849],[-95.659134,40.40869],[-95.65819,40.44188],[-95.693133,40.469396],[-95.699969,40.505275],[-95.661687,40.517309],[-95.652262,40.538114],[-95.655848,40.546609],[-95.671754,40.562626],[-95.678718,40.56256],[-95.694147,40.556942],[-95.69505,40.533124],[-95.708591,40.521551],[-95.722444,40.528118],[-95.75711,40.52599],[-95.769281,40.536656],[-95.763366,40.550797],[-95.773549,40.578205],[-95.765645,40.585208],[-94.632035,40.571186],[-94.080463,40.572899],[-92.689854,40.589884],[-91.729115,40.61364],[-91.716769,40.59853],[-91.686357,40.580875],[-91.690804,40.559893],[-91.681714,40.553035],[-91.6219,40.542292],[-91.618028,40.53403],[-91.621353,40.510072],[-91.590817,40.492292],[-91.574746,40.465664],[-91.52509,40.457845],[-91.524053,40.448437],[-91.533623,40.43832],[-91.519935,40.433673],[-91.526555,40.419872],[-91.522333,40.409648],[-91.498093,40.401926],[-91.489816,40.404317],[-91.484507,40.3839],[-91.465116,40.385257],[-91.465009,40.376223],[-91.452458,40.375501],[-91.441243,40.386255],[-91.419422,40.378264],[-91.444833,40.36317],[-91.46214,40.342414],[-91.492727,40.278217],[-91.490524,40.259498],[-91.505828,40.238839],[-91.505495,40.195606],[-91.512974,40.181062],[-91.508224,40.157665],[-91.510322,40.127994],[-91.489606,40.057435],[-91.494878,40.036453],[-91.465315,39.983995],[-91.41936,39.927717],[-91.41988,39.916533],[-91.443513,39.893583],[-91.446922,39.883034],[-91.436051,39.84551],[-91.377971,39.811273],[-91.361571,39.787548],[-91.370009,39.732524],[-91.3453,39.709402],[-91.27614,39.665759],[-91.229317,39.620853],[-91.181936,39.602677],[-91.174651,39.593313],[-91.168419,39.564928],[-91.153628,39.548248],[-91.100307,39.538695],[-91.079769,39.507728],[-91.064305,39.494643],[-91.059439,39.46886],[-91.03827,39.448436],[-90.993789,39.422959],[-90.940766,39.403984],[-90.928745,39.387544],[-90.904862,39.379403],[-90.893777,39.367343],[-90.8475,39.345272],[-90.816851,39.320496],[-90.793461,39.309498],[-90.751599,39.265432],[-90.72996,39.255894],[-90.717113,39.213912],[-90.707902,39.15086],[-90.686051,39.117785],[-90.681086,39.10059],[-90.681994,39.090066],[-90.712541,39.057064],[-90.71158,39.046798],[-90.678193,38.991851],[-90.675949,38.96214],[-90.657254,38.92027],[-90.639917,38.908272],[-90.625122,38.888654],[-90.583388,38.86903],[-90.555693,38.870785],[-90.500117,38.910408],[-90.486974,38.925982],[-90.482419,38.94446],[-90.472122,38.958838],[-90.440078,38.967364],[-90.395816,38.960037],[-90.309454,38.92412],[-90.250248,38.919344],[-90.109407,38.843548],[-90.123107,38.798048],[-90.166409,38.772649],[-90.176309,38.754449],[-90.20991,38.72605],[-90.20921,38.70275],[-90.18641,38.67475],[-90.181325,38.660381],[-90.17801,38.63375],[-90.18451,38.611551],[-90.196011,38.594451],[-90.222112,38.576451],[-90.260314,38.528352],[-90.285215,38.443453],[-90.295316,38.426753],[-90.349743,38.377609],[-90.368219,38.340254],[-90.373929,38.281853],[-90.353902,38.213855],[-90.331554,38.18758],[-90.290765,38.170453],[-90.274928,38.157615],[-90.243116,38.112669],[-90.218708,38.094365],[-90.17222,38.069636],[-90.158533,38.074735],[-90.130788,38.062341],[-90.126612,38.043981],[-90.11052,38.026547],[-90.08826,38.015772],[-90.059367,38.015543],[-90.051357,38.003584],[-90.03241,37.995258],[-90.00011,37.964563],[-89.978919,37.962791],[-89.942099,37.970121],[-89.933797,37.959143],[-89.925085,37.960021],[-89.932467,37.947497],[-89.959646,37.940196],[-89.974918,37.926719],[-89.952499,37.883218],[-89.923185,37.870672],[-89.901832,37.869822],[-89.844786,37.905572],[-89.799333,37.881517],[-89.796087,37.859505],[-89.786369,37.851734],[-89.782035,37.855092],[-89.739873,37.84693],[-89.71748,37.825724],[-89.669644,37.799922],[-89.660227,37.781032],[-89.667993,37.759484],[-89.665546,37.752095],[-89.64953,37.745498],[-89.617278,37.74972],[-89.612478,37.740036],[-89.596566,37.732886],[-89.583316,37.713261],[-89.516685,37.692762],[-89.51204,37.680985],[-89.517718,37.641217],[-89.478399,37.598869],[-89.47603,37.590226],[-89.486062,37.580853],[-89.519808,37.582748],[-89.521925,37.560735],[-89.517051,37.537278],[-89.475525,37.471388],[-89.439769,37.4372],[-89.421054,37.387668],[-89.432836,37.347056],[-89.489005,37.333368],[-89.511842,37.310825],[-89.51834,37.285497],[-89.489915,37.251315],[-89.470525,37.253357],[-89.458827,37.248661],[-89.467631,37.2182],[-89.456105,37.18812],[-89.42558,37.138235],[-89.37871,37.094586],[-89.375712,37.080505],[-89.384681,37.048251],[-89.362397,37.030156],[-89.322982,37.01609],[-89.29213,36.992189],[-89.278628,36.98867],[-89.263527,37.00005],[-89.257608,37.015496],[-89.260003,37.023288],[-89.304752,37.047565],[-89.310819,37.057897],[-89.30829,37.068371],[-89.259936,37.064071],[-89.25493,37.072014],[-89.234053,37.037277],[-89.200793,37.016164],[-89.192097,36.979995],[-89.185491,36.973518],[-89.170008,36.970298],[-89.125069,36.983499],[-89.109498,36.976563],[-89.099594,36.964543],[-89.100762,36.944002],[-89.117567,36.887356],[-89.131944,36.857437],[-89.137969,36.847349],[-89.1704,36.841522],[-89.178888,36.831368],[-89.179229,36.812915],[-89.171069,36.798119],[-89.155891,36.789126],[-89.12353,36.785309],[-89.116563,36.767557],[-89.126134,36.751735],[-89.166888,36.759633],[-89.184523,36.753638],[-89.197808,36.739412],[-89.19948,36.716045],[-89.169522,36.688878],[-89.169467,36.674596],[-89.15908,36.666352],[-89.197654,36.628936],[-89.202607,36.601576],[-89.217447,36.576159],[-89.236542,36.566824],[-89.258318,36.564948],[-89.278935,36.577699],[-89.326731,36.632186],[-89.365548,36.625059],[-89.375453,36.615719],[-89.382762,36.583603],[-89.41977,36.493896],[-89.448468,36.46442],[-89.464153,36.457189],[-89.486215,36.46162],[-89.494248,36.475972],[-89.465888,36.529946],[-89.467761,36.546847],[-89.479093,36.568206],[-89.500076,36.576305],[-89.542459,36.580566],[-89.566817,36.564216],[-89.571241,36.547343],[-89.560344,36.525436],[-89.519501,36.475419],[-89.523427,36.456572],[-89.543406,36.43877],[-89.545255,36.427079],[-89.509722,36.373626],[-89.519,36.3486],[-89.545006,36.336809]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Missouri\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"742","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Main, A.R.","contributorId":244517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Main","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hladik, Michelle L. 0000-0002-0891-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":203857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goyne, K. W.","contributorId":273205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goyne","given":"K. W.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mengel, D.","contributorId":244519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mengel","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70228587,"text":"70228587 - 2020 - Bioaccumulation of the pesticide imidacloprid in stream organisms and sublethal effects on salamanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T17:54:47.967867","indexId":"70228587","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-01T11:40:52","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioaccumulation of the pesticide imidacloprid in stream organisms and sublethal effects on salamanders","docAbstract":"Neonicotinoids are one of the most widely used classes of insecticides in the world. The neonicotinoid imidacloprid is commonly applied to hemlock (Tsuga spp.) stands in eastern North America to reduce tree mortality from infestations of the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae). While laboratory and mesocosm studies have determined that imidacloprid can bioaccumulate in anurans and cause sublethal effects, no field studies have investigated whether salamanders or insects in streams adjacent to HWA treatments bioaccumulate imidacloprid or if sublethal effects are detectable in wild salamanders. We assessed relationships between imidacloprid exposure and stream salamander health in West Virginia, USA, using concentration of the stress hormone corticosterone and body condition indices (BCI) as response variables. Of 107 Desmognathus salamanders from 11 sites tested for bioaccumulation, we detected imidacloprid in 47 salamanders. Of 15 benthic macroinvertebrate samples tested, we detected imidacloprid, imidacloprid-urea, and imidacloprid-olefin in 15, 13, and 1 sample, respectively. Based on 115 Desmognathus salamanders sampled at 11 sites for stress hormone responses, corticosterone concentration increased with imidacloprid concentration in stream water. For 802 salamanders sampled at 48 sites, BCI decreased as concentration of imidacloprid in stream water increased, but explanatory power was low. Our study suggests that chronic leaching of imidacloprid from treated hemlock stands into adjacent streams has the potential to negatively affect aquatic organisms and may provide a route of exposure to higher trophic levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01292","usgsCitation":"Crayton, S.M., Wood, P.B., Brown, D., Millikin, A., McManus, T.J., Simpson, T.J., Ku, K., and Park, Y., 2020, Bioaccumulation of the pesticide imidacloprid in stream organisms and sublethal effects on salamanders: Global Ecology and Conservation, v. 24, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01292.","productDescription":"e01292, 15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-112478","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01292","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Gauley River National Recreational Area, Monongahela National Forest, New River Gorge National River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 37.779398571318765\n ],\n [\n -79.98046875,\n 38.0091482264894\n ],\n [\n -79.9420166015625,\n 38.043765107439675\n ],\n [\n -79.9200439453125,\n 38.16479533621134\n ],\n [\n -79.7772216796875,\n 38.25974980039479\n ],\n [\n -79.78271484375,\n 38.315801006824984\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 38.39764411353178\n ],\n [\n -79.6563720703125,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -79.55749511718749,\n 38.543869175876154\n ],\n [\n -79.4805908203125,\n 38.45789034424927\n ],\n [\n -79.27734374999999,\n 38.41916639395372\n ],\n [\n -79.0850830078125,\n 38.655488159953\n ],\n [\n -78.9971923828125,\n 38.843986129756615\n ],\n [\n -78.870849609375,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -78.7115478515625,\n 38.90385833966778\n ],\n [\n -78.64013671875,\n 38.9807627650163\n ],\n [\n -78.59619140625,\n 38.97222194853654\n ],\n [\n -78.55224609374999,\n 39.01064750994083\n ],\n [\n -78.5577392578125,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -78.475341796875,\n 39.11727568585598\n ],\n [\n -78.5357666015625,\n 39.18117526158749\n ],\n [\n -78.8653564453125,\n 39.00637903337455\n ],\n [\n -79.1400146484375,\n 38.950865400919994\n ],\n [\n -79.332275390625,\n 39.3130504637139\n ],\n [\n -79.486083984375,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -79.4915771484375,\n 39.342794408952365\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 39.33429742980725\n ],\n [\n -79.8980712890625,\n 39.172658670429946\n ],\n [\n -79.8760986328125,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -80.1947021484375,\n 38.66835610151506\n ],\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -80.44189453125,\n 38.47079371120379\n ],\n [\n -80.6011962890625,\n 38.42777351132902\n ],\n [\n -80.6781005859375,\n 38.27700093565902\n ],\n [\n -80.6121826171875,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -80.474853515625,\n 38.190704293996504\n ],\n [\n -80.3924560546875,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 38.16047628099622\n ],\n [\n -80.3045654296875,\n 38.06106741381201\n ],\n [\n -80.3704833984375,\n 37.92253448828906\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 37.779398571318765\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 37.680559803205114\n ],\n [\n -80.89920043945312,\n 37.66099365286694\n ],\n [\n -80.8648681640625,\n 37.68273350145476\n ],\n [\n -80.87722778320312,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -80.88272094726561,\n 37.81737834565083\n ],\n [\n -80.84976196289062,\n 37.84232584933158\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 37.86509663749013\n ],\n [\n -80.91293334960938,\n 37.85100126460795\n ],\n [\n -80.92117309570312,\n 37.8867765629102\n ],\n [\n -80.9967041015625,\n 37.88786039168385\n ],\n [\n -80.92529296875,\n 37.95394377350263\n ],\n [\n -80.92941284179686,\n 38.00698412839117\n ],\n [\n -81.12442016601561,\n 38.1399572748485\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 38.112949789189614\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 37.98317483351337\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 37.92903406232562\n ],\n [\n -81.1724853515625,\n 37.896530447543\n ],\n [\n -81.14639282226562,\n 37.84341033205656\n ],\n [\n -81.05300903320312,\n 37.803273851858656\n ],\n [\n -81.06124877929688,\n 37.76202988573211\n ],\n [\n -80.97198486328125,\n 37.74900069437069\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 37.680559803205114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.02108001708984,\n 38.176401529241815\n ],\n [\n -80.86040496826172,\n 38.176401529241815\n ],\n [\n -80.86040496826172,\n 38.24519096811476\n ],\n [\n -81.02108001708984,\n 38.24519096811476\n ],\n [\n -81.02108001708984,\n 38.176401529241815\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crayton, Sara M.","contributorId":244780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crayton","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":48971,"text":"West Virginia University, Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, Morgantown, WV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra B. 0000-0002-8575-1705 pbwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":199090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Donald J.","contributorId":264847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Donald J.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Millikin, Alice R.","contributorId":276266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millikin","given":"Alice R.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McManus, Terence J.","contributorId":278590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McManus","given":"Terence","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Simpson, Tyler J.","contributorId":276267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simpson","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ku, Kang-Mo","contributorId":276268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ku","given":"Kang-Mo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56944,"text":"Chonnam National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Park, Yong-Lak","contributorId":276271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Park","given":"Yong-Lak","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70217289,"text":"70217289 - 2020 - Conservation genomics of the threatened western spadefoot, Spea hammondii, in urbanized southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T13:53:17.489772","indexId":"70217289","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-27T07:58:58","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Conservation genomics of the threatened western spadefoot, Spea hammondii, in urbanized southern California","title":"Conservation genomics of the threatened western spadefoot, Spea hammondii, in urbanized southern California","docAbstract":"Populations of the western spadefoot (Spea hammondii) in southern California occur in one of the most urbanized and fragmented landscapes on the planet and have lost up to 80% of their native habitat. Orange County is one of the last strongholds for this pond-breeding amphibian in the region, and ongoing restoration efforts targeting S. hammondii have involved habitat protection and the construction of artificial breeding ponds. These efforts have successfully increased breeding activity, but genetic characterization of the populations, including estimates of effective population size and admixture between the gene pools of constructed artificial and natural ponds, has never been undertaken. Using thousands of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms, we characterized the population structure, genetic diversity, and genetic connectivity of spadefoots in Orange County to guide ongoing and future management efforts. We identified at least two, and possibly three major genetic clusters, with additional substructure within clusters indicating that individual ponds are often genetically distinct. Estimates of landscape resistance suggest that ponds on either side of the Los Angeles Basin were likely interconnected historically but intense urban development has rendered them essentially isolated, and the resulting risk of interruption to natural metapopulation dynamics appears to be high. Resistance surfaces show that the existing artificial ponds were well-placed and connected to natural populations by low-resistance corridors. Toad samples from all ponds (natural and artificial) returned extremely low estimates of effective population size, possibly due to a bottleneck caused by a recent multi-year drought. Management efforts should focus on maintaining gene flow among natural and artificial ponds by both assisted migration and construction of new ponds to bolster the existing pond network in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jhered/esaa049","usgsCitation":"Neal, K.M., Fisher, R.N., Mitrovich, M.J., and Shaffer, H., 2020, Conservation genomics of the threatened western spadefoot, Spea hammondii, in urbanized southern California: Journal of Heredity, v. 111, no. 7, p. 613-627, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esaa049.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"627","ipdsId":"IP-124490","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esaa049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Orange County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":214,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Orange\",\"state\":\"CA\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-117.674,33.8737],[-117.664,33.8604],[-117.581,33.7676],[-117.536,33.7568],[-117.536,33.7113],[-117.473,33.703],[-117.414,33.6592],[-117.477,33.5789],[-117.499,33.5506],[-117.51,33.5344],[-117.51,33.5053],[-117.511,33.4835],[-117.511,33.4799],[-117.542,33.454],[-117.558,33.4511],[-117.569,33.4513],[-117.58,33.4533],[-117.595,33.3872],[-117.596,33.3872],[-117.596,33.3875],[-117.596,33.3878],[-117.596,33.3881],[-117.597,33.3892],[-117.598,33.3897],[-117.598,33.39],[-117.598,33.3911],[-117.598,33.3914],[-117.599,33.3931],[-117.599,33.3942],[-117.6,33.3956],[-117.6,33.3961],[-117.601,33.3967],[-117.601,33.3969],[-117.602,33.3975],[-117.603,33.3986],[-117.603,33.3989],[-117.603,33.3992],[-117.604,33.4006],[-117.604,33.4008],[-117.605,33.4019],[-117.605,33.4022],[-117.605,33.4025],[-117.605,33.4028],[-117.606,33.4047],[-117.606,33.405],[-117.613,33.4117],[-117.618,33.4161],[-117.622,33.4186],[-117.624,33.4167],[-117.623,33.4222],[-117.631,33.4289],[-117.631,33.4295],[-117.633,33.431],[-117.634,33.4313],[-117.641,33.4368],[-117.642,33.4381],[-117.645,33.44],[-117.648,33.4419],[-117.649,33.4423],[-117.649,33.4426],[-117.662,33.4508],[-117.664,33.4514],[-117.667,33.4531],[-117.672,33.4569],[-117.672,33.4572],[-117.679,33.4614],[-117.683,33.4616],[-117.685,33.4616],[-117.686,33.4614],[-117.686,33.4614],[-117.689,33.4607],[-117.689,33.4594],[-117.69,33.4594],[-117.691,33.4594],[-117.702,33.4592],[-117.704,33.4592],[-117.705,33.4625],[-117.706,33.4603],[-117.706,33.4594],[-117.715,33.4636],[-117.721,33.4731],[-117.722,33.4753],[-117.722,33.4756],[-117.724,33.4789],[-117.724,33.4792],[-117.727,33.4826],[-117.728,33.4829],[-117.728,33.483],[-117.73,33.4836],[-117.734,33.4842],[-117.734,33.4872],[-117.74,33.4936],[-117.739,33.4939],[-117.743,33.4986],[-117.743,33.4994],[-117.743,33.4997],[-117.744,33.4997],[-117.744,33.5],[-117.746,33.5011],[-117.751,33.5061],[-117.752,33.5083],[-117.757,33.5133],[-117.758,33.5137],[-117.759,33.5142],[-117.761,33.5137],[-117.761,33.5142],[-117.761,33.5144],[-117.764,33.5197],[-117.765,33.5209],[-117.766,33.5213],[-117.766,33.5219],[-117.767,33.5233],[-117.767,33.5237],[-117.768,33.5238],[-117.769,33.5242],[-117.77,33.5252],[-117.772,33.5272],[-117.783,33.5403],[-117.783,33.54],[-117.795,33.5444],[-117.795,33.5447],[-117.798,33.5453],[-117.799,33.5453],[-117.807,33.5492],[-117.812,33.5528],[-117.814,33.55],[-117.815,33.5504],[-117.815,33.5511],[-117.819,33.555],[-117.82,33.5564],[-117.826,33.5626],[-117.827,33.5632],[-117.833,33.5653],[-117.834,33.5675],[-117.837,33.5694],[-117.837,33.5697],[-117.839,33.5716],[-117.849,33.578],[-117.851,33.5786],[-117.854,33.5796],[-117.854,33.5802],[-117.855,33.5806],[-117.856,33.5811],[-117.856,33.5814],[-117.865,33.5847],[-117.866,33.5864],[-117.866,33.5866],[-117.867,33.5875],[-117.867,33.5878],[-117.868,33.5878],[-117.868,33.5881],[-117.886,33.6022],[-117.889,33.6033],[-117.89,33.6031],[-117.896,33.6042],[-117.896,33.6042],[-117.904,33.6114],[-117.888,33.6264],[-117.887,33.6264],[-117.873,33.6497],[-117.879,33.6494],[-117.88,33.6494],[-117.901,33.6214],[-117.903,33.6211],[-117.903,33.6208],[-117.914,33.6141],[-117.914,33.6144],[-117.92,33.6169],[-117.92,33.6172],[-117.925,33.6194],[-117.926,33.6197],[-117.927,33.62],[-117.924,33.6172],[-117.923,33.6172],[-117.92,33.6153],[-117.919,33.615],[-117.913,33.6086],[-117.916,33.6094],[-117.917,33.6086],[-117.908,33.6053],[-117.906,33.6066],[-117.906,33.6067],[-117.906,33.6061],[-117.905,33.6061],[-117.904,33.6056],[-117.889,33.6011],[-117.889,33.5966],[-117.889,33.5969],[-117.901,33.6014],[-117.923,33.6058],[-117.93,33.6083],[-117.932,33.6125],[-117.933,33.6128],[-117.936,33.6161],[-117.936,33.6164],[-117.959,33.63],[-117.96,33.6308],[-117.96,33.6311],[-117.994,33.6511],[-117.999,33.6542],[-118.001,33.6553],[-118.001,33.6553],[-118.003,33.6559],[-118.006,33.6529],[-118.006,33.6525],[-118.007,33.6527],[-118.007,33.6532],[-118.007,33.6537],[-118.005,33.6551],[-118.004,33.6563],[-118.004,33.657],[-118.003,33.6575],[-118.004,33.6581],[-118.004,33.6583],[-118.005,33.6581],[-118.006,33.6578],[-118.006,33.6586],[-118.007,33.6597],[-118.008,33.6608],[-118.008,33.6608],[-118.009,33.6614],[-118.009,33.6614],[-118.011,33.6636],[-118.013,33.6644],[-118.014,33.6648],[-118.015,33.6653],[-118.016,33.6663],[-118.019,33.6678],[-118.019,33.6683],[-118.02,33.6683],[-118.02,33.6689],[-118.022,33.6708],[-118.023,33.6714],[-118.024,33.6714],[-118.025,33.6725],[-118.025,33.6725],[-118.027,33.6747],[-118.027,33.675],[-118.028,33.6756],[-118.028,33.6756],[-118.03,33.6775],[-118.03,33.6781],[-118.031,33.6797],[-118.032,33.6803],[-118.033,33.6803],[-118.033,33.6806],[-118.045,33.6922],[-118.046,33.6933],[-118.047,33.6933],[-118.048,33.6936],[-118.049,33.6944],[-118.049,33.6947],[-118.049,33.6956],[-118.049,33.6958],[-118.052,33.6983],[-118.052,33.6992],[-118.053,33.6997],[-118.054,33.7014],[-118.055,33.7022],[-118.055,33.7025],[-118.061,33.7081],[-118.061,33.7081],[-118.063,33.7094],[-118.063,33.71],[-118.063,33.7106],[-118.063,33.7106],[-118.064,33.7111],[-118.064,33.7111],[-118.071,33.7161],[-118.071,33.7167],[-118.071,33.7167],[-118.073,33.7178],[-118.075,33.7194],[-118.078,33.7225],[-118.078,33.7231],[-118.08,33.7244],[-118.082,33.7261],[-118.082,33.7261],[-118.083,33.7267],[-118.083,33.7267],[-118.084,33.7275],[-118.086,33.7286],[-118.086,33.7289],[-118.088,33.73],[-118.089,33.73],[-118.089,33.7297],[-118.091,33.7294],[-118.093,33.7289],[-118.093,33.7286],[-118.097,33.7272],[-118.097,33.7272],[-118.098,33.7269],[-118.099,33.7267],[-118.099,33.7264],[-118.099,33.7264],[-118.1,33.7261],[-118.101,33.7267],[-118.101,33.7269],[-118.099,33.7278],[-118.099,33.7281],[-118.098,33.7281],[-118.098,33.7283],[-118.097,33.7283],[-118.096,33.7286],[-118.096,33.7286],[-118.096,33.7289],[-118.095,33.7289],[-118.093,33.7294],[-118.093,33.7297],[-118.091,33.7303],[-118.093,33.7322],[-118.093,33.7325],[-118.094,33.7336],[-118.091,33.7328],[-118.09,33.7319],[-118.089,33.7319],[-118.088,33.7314],[-118.088,33.7311],[-118.086,33.7314],[-118.084,33.7314],[-118.084,33.7308],[-118.084,33.7306],[-118.083,33.73],[-118.083,33.7297],[-118.082,33.7286],[-118.082,33.7283],[-118.081,33.7278],[-118.081,33.7278],[-118.08,33.7272],[-118.079,33.7267],[-118.079,33.7267],[-118.078,33.7258],[-118.077,33.7258],[-118.077,33.7261],[-118.074,33.725],[-118.074,33.725],[-118.073,33.7247],[-118.073,33.7244],[-118.071,33.7231],[-118.07,33.7231],[-118.07,33.7228],[-118.067,33.7219],[-118.067,33.7217],[-118.066,33.7211],[-118.066,33.7211],[-118.064,33.7197],[-118.064,33.7192],[-118.064,33.7189],[-118.064,33.7183],[-118.064,33.7181],[-118.064,33.7175],[-118.063,33.7172],[-118.063,33.7164],[-118.063,33.7161],[-118.063,33.7156],[-118.063,33.7153],[-118.061,33.7128],[-118.061,33.7125],[-118.061,33.7111],[-118.06,33.7092],[-118.06,33.7092],[-118.059,33.7081],[-118.059,33.7078],[-118.057,33.7058],[-118.057,33.7053],[-118.057,33.705],[-118.056,33.7042],[-118.055,33.7039],[-118.054,33.7031],[-118.054,33.7028],[-118.052,33.7011],[-118.052,33.7008],[-118.048,33.6969],[-118.048,33.6969],[-118.046,33.6958],[-118.046,33.6956],[-118.043,33.6914],[-118.042,33.6914],[-118.042,33.6911],[-118.041,33.6911],[-118.04,33.6897],[-118.039,33.6897],[-118.039,33.6903],[-118.037,33.6889],[-118.037,33.6886],[-118.036,33.6883],[-118.036,33.6886],[-118.036,33.6897],[-118.035,33.6903],[-118.036,33.6906],[-118.036,33.6911],[-118.036,33.6919],[-118.037,33.6919],[-118.037,33.6925],[-118.037,33.6928],[-118.038,33.6933],[-118.038,33.6933],[-118.039,33.6944],[-118.04,33.6944],[-118.041,33.6953],[-118.041,33.6956],[-118.041,33.6961],[-118.041,33.6964],[-118.042,33.6975],[-118.042,33.6972],[-118.043,33.6975],[-118.043,33.6981],[-118.044,33.6981],[-118.044,33.6983],[-118.046,33.6986],[-118.046,33.6989],[-118.046,33.6983],[-118.047,33.6983],[-118.048,33.6981],[-118.048,33.6983],[-118.05,33.7],[-118.05,33.7003],[-118.05,33.7008],[-118.05,33.7017],[-118.051,33.7028],[-118.051,33.7031],[-118.052,33.7033],[-118.052,33.7031],[-118.053,33.7033],[-118.055,33.705],[-118.055,33.7053],[-118.056,33.7064],[-118.056,33.7064],[-118.057,33.7072],[-118.057,33.7075],[-118.058,33.7086],[-118.058,33.7086],[-118.059,33.7094],[-118.059,33.7097],[-118.059,33.7103],[-118.06,33.7122],[-118.06,33.7128],[-118.06,33.7131],[-118.061,33.7139],[-118.061,33.7142],[-118.061,33.7156],[-118.062,33.7158],[-118.062,33.7164],[-118.062,33.7167],[-118.063,33.7175],[-118.063,33.7183],[-118.063,33.7186],[-118.063,33.7192],[-118.063,33.7194],[-118.064,33.7217],[-118.064,33.7219],[-118.065,33.7228],[-118.065,33.7228],[-118.066,33.7225],[-118.068,33.7236],[-118.069,33.7236],[-118.069,33.7239],[-118.073,33.7253],[-118.073,33.7256],[-118.077,33.7272],[-118.077,33.7272],[-118.078,33.7275],[-118.078,33.7278],[-118.079,33.7283],[-118.08,33.7286],[-118.081,33.7286],[-118.081,33.7289],[-118.081,33.73],[-118.081,33.7303],[-118.08,33.7306],[-118.079,33.7308],[-118.078,33.7314],[-118.078,33.7317],[-118.078,33.7322],[-118.078,33.7328],[-118.078,33.7331],[-118.076,33.7333],[-118.076,33.7336],[-118.075,33.7346],[-118.074,33.7353],[-118.074,33.7358],[-118.074,33.736],[-118.074,33.7367],[-118.074,33.7372],[-118.074,33.7372],[-118.075,33.7369],[-118.075,33.7369],[-118.076,33.7367],[-118.076,33.7367],[-118.076,33.7364],[-118.079,33.7344],[-118.079,33.7344],[-118.08,33.7355],[-118.08,33.7358],[-118.08,33.7364],[-118.079,33.7367],[-118.078,33.7383],[-118.078,33.7389],[-118.078,33.7392],[-118.077,33.7406],[-118.076,33.7406],[-118.076,33.7408],[-118.075,33.7417],[-118.076,33.7425],[-118.076,33.7425],[-118.077,33.7422],[-118.078,33.7419],[-118.078,33.7417],[-118.078,33.7403],[-118.079,33.74],[-118.08,33.7378],[-118.08,33.7375],[-118.081,33.7367],[-118.081,33.7364],[-118.082,33.7353],[-118.081,33.7344],[-118.081,33.7342],[-118.081,33.7333],[-118.082,33.7329],[-118.083,33.7322],[-118.084,33.7325],[-118.084,33.7322],[-118.086,33.7325],[-118.087,33.7322],[-118.088,33.7331],[-118.088,33.7333],[-118.088,33.7344],[-118.089,33.7349],[-118.089,33.7353],[-118.09,33.7349],[-118.091,33.7344],[-118.091,33.7344],[-118.091,33.7347],[-118.094,33.7361],[-118.096,33.7356],[-118.096,33.7353],[-118.096,33.7353],[-118.097,33.7356],[-118.097,33.7353],[-118.098,33.735],[-118.099,33.7347],[-118.1,33.7344],[-118.101,33.7331],[-118.101,33.7328],[-118.101,33.7319],[-118.101,33.7317],[-118.101,33.7281],[-118.102,33.7278],[-118.103,33.7281],[-118.103,33.7294],[-118.103,33.7297],[-118.103,33.7303],[-118.103,33.7306],[-118.102,33.7317],[-118.102,33.7319],[-118.102,33.7333],[-118.102,33.7336],[-118.102,33.7342],[-118.101,33.7344],[-118.103,33.7367],[-118.105,33.7369],[-118.105,33.7372],[-118.106,33.7372],[-118.106,33.7375],[-118.107,33.7375],[-118.107,33.7378],[-118.108,33.7386],[-118.109,33.7397],[-118.111,33.7414],[-118.111,33.7414],[-118.113,33.7417],[-118.113,33.7425],[-118.114,33.7425],[-118.114,33.7432],[-118.114,33.7443],[-118.092,33.7604],[-118.091,33.7631],[-118.097,33.7765],[-118.095,33.7832],[-118.091,33.79],[-118.089,33.7933],[-118.079,33.8103],[-118.072,33.8165],[-118.069,33.8174],[-118.063,33.8192],[-118.063,33.8337],[-118.061,33.8393],[-118.058,33.8464],[-118.046,33.8581],[-118.045,33.8587],[-118.042,33.8626],[-118.037,33.8625],[-118.036,33.8643],[-118.035,33.8652],[-118.032,33.8697],[-118.03,33.8699],[-118.027,33.8701],[-118.013,33.8726],[-118.012,33.8813],[-117.998,33.882],[-117.992,33.889],[-117.992,33.8896],[-117.99,33.8967],[-117.99,33.8983],[-117.986,33.9004],[-117.982,33.9032],[-117.981,33.9077],[-117.979,33.9113],[-117.978,33.9313],[-117.977,33.9459],[-117.881,33.9455],[-117.785,33.9455],[-117.785,33.9454],[-117.731,33.9073],[-117.7,33.8909],[-117.674,33.8737]]]}}]}","volume":"111","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Kevin M","contributorId":247759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neal","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitrovich, Milan J. 0000-0001-6053-1143","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6053-1143","contributorId":207272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitrovich","given":"Milan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37506,"text":"San Diego State University; former USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaffer, H. Bradley","contributorId":247762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"H. Bradley","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70216804,"text":"70216804 - 2020 - Geochemistry and age of groundwater in the Williston Basin, USA: Assessing potential effects of shale-oil production on groundwater quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-08T13:55:25.977909","indexId":"70216804","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-25T07:46:24","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and age of groundwater in the Williston Basin, USA: Assessing potential effects of shale-oil production on groundwater quality","docAbstract":"Thirty water wells were sampled in 2018 to understand the geochemistry and age of groundwater in the Williston Basin and assess potential effects of shale-oil production from the Three Forks-Bakken petroleum system (TBPS) on groundwater quality. Two geochemical groups are identified using hierarchical cluster analysis. Group 1 represents the younger (median 4He = 21.49 × 10−8 cm3 STP/g), less chemically evolved water. Group 2 represents the older (median 4He = 1389 × 10−8 cm3 STP/g), more chemically evolved water. At least two samples from each group contain elevated Cl concentrations (>70 mg/L). Br/Cl, B/Cl, and Li/Cl ratios indicate multiple sources account for the elevated Cl concentrations: septic-system leachate/road deicing salt, lignite beds in the aquifers, Pierre Shale beneath the aquifers, and water associated with the TBPS (one sample). 3H and 14C data indicate that 10.8, 21.6, and 67.6% of the samples are modern (post-1952), mixed age, and premodern (pre-1953), respectively. Lumped-parameter modeling of 3H, SF6, 3He, and 14C concentrations indicates mean ages of the modern and premodern fractions range from ~1 to 30 years and 1300 to >30,000 years, respectively. Group 2 contains the highest CH4 concentrations (0.0018–32 mg/L). δ13C–CH4 and C1/C2+C3 data in groundwater (−91.7 to −70.0‰ and 1280 to 13,600) indicate groundwater CH4 is biogenic in origin and not from thermogenic shale gas. Four volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in two samples. One mixed-age sample contains chloroform (0.25 μg/L) and dichloromethane (0.05 μg/L), which are probably associated with septic leachate. One premodern sample contains butane (0.082 μg/L) and n-pentane (0.032 μg/L), which are probably associated with thermogenic gas from a nearby oil well. The data indicate hydrocarbon production activities do not currently (2018) widely affect Cl, CH4, and VOC concentrations in groundwater. The predominance of premodern recharge in the aquifers indicates the groundwater moves relatively slowly, which could inhibit widespread chemical movement in groundwater overlying the TBPS. Comparison of groundwater-age data from five major unconventional hydrocarbon-production areas indicates aquifer zones used for water supply in the TBPS area have a lower risk of widespread chemical movement in groundwater than similar aquifer zones in the Fayetteville (Arkansas) and Marcellus (Pennsylvania) Shale production areas, but have a higher risk than similar aquifer zones in the Eagle Ford (Texas) and Haynesville (Texas, Louisiana) Shale production areas.
Plague originated in Asia as a flea-borne zoonosis of mammalian hosts. Today, the disease is distributed nearly worldwide. In western United States of America, plague is maintained, transmitted, and amplified in diverse communities of rodents and fleas. We examined flea diversity on three species of prairie dogs (Cynomys spp., PDs) and six species of sympatric small rodents in Montana and Utah, United States of America. Among 2896 fleas, 19 species were identified; 13 were found on PDs and 9 were found on small rodents. In Montana, three flea species were found on PDs; the three species parasitize PDs and mice. In Utah, 12 flea species were found on PDs; the 12 species parasitize PDs, mice, voles, chipmunks, ground squirrels, rock squirrels, and marmots. Diverse flea communities and their willingness to parasitize many types of hosts, across multiple seasons and habitats, may favor plague maintenance and transmission. Flea parasitism on Peromyscus deer mice varied directly with elevation. Fleas are prone to desiccation, and might prosper at higher, mesic elevations; in addition, Peromyscus nest characteristics may vary with elevation. Effective management of plague is critical. Plague management is probably most effective when encompassing communities of rodents and fleas. Treatment of PD burrows with 0.05% deltamethrin dust, which suppressed fleas on PDs for >365 days, suppressed fleas on small rodents for at least 58 days. At one site, deltamethrin suppressed fleas on small rodents for at least 383 days. By simultaneously suppressing fleas on PDs and small rodents, deltamethrin should promote ecosystem resilience and One Health objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mary Ann Liebert Inc.","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2020.2625","usgsCitation":"Eads, D.A., Biggins, D.E., and Gage, K., 2020, Ecology and management of plague in diverse communities of rodents and fleas: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, v. 20, no. 12, p. 888-896, https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2020.2625.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"888","endPage":"896","ipdsId":"IP-116656","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Utah","county":"Phillips County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-107.2089,49.0012],[-107.2089,49],[-107.1758,49.0001],[-107.1753,48.971],[-107.1754,48.9562],[-107.1755,48.941],[-107.1756,48.9262],[-107.1755,48.9141],[-107.2002,48.9138],[-107.205,48.9139],[-107.2047,48.8399],[-107.2053,48.8279],[-107.2052,48.8158],[-107.2053,48.8006],[-107.2055,48.771],[-107.2056,48.7419],[-107.2039,48.6559],[-107.2039,48.6411],[-107.2049,48.569],[-107.1947,48.5692],[-107.1923,48.535],[-107.1949,48.5115],[-107.2005,48.5093],[-107.2188,48.5098],[-107.2302,48.5137],[-107.245,48.5168],[-107.2572,48.518],[-107.2584,48.4811],[-107.304,48.4813],[-107.3021,48.3953],[-107.2593,48.3948],[-107.2595,48.3796],[-107.2597,48.3343],[-107.2597,48.3062],[-107.3059,48.3063],[-107.3683,48.3064],[-107.3683,48.2916],[-107.3677,48.263],[-107.3671,48.2344],[-107.3664,48.221],[-107.3901,48.2206],[-107.4023,48.2204],[-107.4026,48.1581],[-107.4024,48.147],[-107.4025,48.1323],[-107.4024,48.1055],[-107.4031,48.0908],[-107.4031,48.0618],[-107.4032,48.0456],[-107.404,47.9728],[-107.404,47.9585],[-107.4041,47.9433],[-107.4046,47.889],[-107.4048,47.8715],[-107.4142,47.8717],[-107.4143,47.8279],[-107.4141,47.8178],[-107.4141,47.803],[-107.4139,47.7929],[-107.414,47.7335],[-107.4141,47.7192],[-107.4137,47.7128],[-107.4142,47.6917],[-107.4195,47.6886],[-107.423,47.6813],[-107.4285,47.6752],[-107.429,47.6729],[-107.4251,47.6687],[-107.4199,47.6645],[-107.4191,47.6609],[-107.4199,47.6567],[-107.422,47.6545],[-107.4234,47.6524],[-107.4262,47.651],[-107.4386,47.6491],[-107.4382,47.6466],[-107.437,47.6439],[-107.4342,47.6401],[-107.4334,47.6342],[-107.4365,47.6279],[-107.4407,47.624],[-107.4479,47.6219],[-107.4566,47.6227],[-107.4593,47.6228],[-107.461,47.6227],[-107.471,47.6229],[-107.4803,47.624],[-107.4911,47.6238],[-107.5057,47.6282],[-107.5096,47.6301],[-107.5135,47.6347],[-107.5176,47.6412],[-107.5201,47.6431],[-107.5279,47.6432],[-107.5326,47.6433],[-107.5427,47.6454],[-107.5526,47.6465],[-107.5626,47.6438],[-107.5681,47.6429],[-107.5736,47.6437],[-107.5861,47.6484],[-107.5961,47.65],[-107.6058,47.6494],[-107.6111,47.6473],[-107.6119,47.6428],[-107.613,47.6388],[-107.6163,47.6319],[-107.6193,47.6312],[-107.6237,47.6381],[-107.6306,47.6428],[-107.6368,47.6485],[-107.6417,47.6509],[-107.6494,47.6529],[-107.6544,47.6522],[-107.6541,47.6503],[-107.6485,47.6459],[-107.6448,47.6414],[-107.6448,47.6331],[-107.6474,47.6257],[-107.6528,47.6202],[-107.6591,47.6197],[-107.6629,47.6228],[-107.6665,47.6278],[-107.6719,47.6305],[-107.6832,47.6311],[-107.6928,47.6303],[-107.6953,47.6278],[-107.6945,47.6245],[-107.6942,47.6202],[-107.7015,47.6136],[-107.7082,47.6051],[-107.7156,47.5948],[-107.719,47.5906],[-107.7257,47.5873],[-107.7293,47.5857],[-107.7303,47.5813],[-107.7304,47.5736],[-107.7335,47.5701],[-107.7373,47.5688],[-107.7456,47.5685],[-107.755,47.5667],[-107.7616,47.5642],[-107.7594,47.5561],[-107.7588,47.5514],[-107.7607,47.5486],[-107.7656,47.5448],[-107.7722,47.543],[-107.7795,47.5461],[-107.7819,47.5499],[-107.7866,47.5534],[-107.7909,47.5542],[-107.7938,47.5487],[-107.7954,47.5462],[-107.7984,47.5447],[-107.7984,47.5444],[-107.8053,47.5425],[-107.811,47.5448],[-107.8131,47.5455],[-107.8133,47.5453],[-107.8161,47.5465],[-107.8245,47.5439],[-107.8277,47.5397],[-107.8302,47.5374],[-107.8386,47.5341],[-107.8416,47.5285],[-107.8412,47.5255],[-107.8451,47.5213],[-107.8503,47.5184],[-107.8594,47.5164],[-107.8653,47.5125],[-107.8603,47.5051],[-107.8525,47.4967],[-107.8498,47.4915],[-107.8527,47.4874],[-107.8635,47.4842],[-107.8673,47.4787],[-107.8649,47.4718],[-107.8638,47.4692],[-107.8628,47.4686],[-107.8606,47.467],[-107.8599,47.4633],[-107.8606,47.4613],[-107.859,47.4573],[-107.8682,47.4559],[-107.8693,47.4553],[-107.8808,47.4523],[-107.8916,47.4506],[-107.9063,47.4514],[-107.9119,47.4537],[-107.9106,47.4579],[-107.9119,47.4643],[-107.9096,47.4673],[-107.9059,47.4719],[-107.9047,47.4755],[-107.9075,47.4826],[-107.9068,47.487],[-107.9036,47.4913],[-107.895,47.5076],[-107.8972,47.5113],[-107.9098,47.5146],[-107.9173,47.52],[-107.917,47.533],[-107.9283,47.5444],[-107.9256,47.551],[-107.9226,47.5613],[-107.9294,47.5686],[-107.941,47.5661],[-107.9594,47.5696],[-107.9618,47.5764],[-107.9836,47.5886],[-107.9923,47.5856],[-108.0009,47.5847],[-108.0084,47.5839],[-108.0185,47.5822],[-108.0298,47.5838],[-108.0431,47.5873],[-108.055,47.5925],[-108.071,47.596],[-108.079,47.5962],[-108.094,47.5918],[-108.1006,47.5942],[-108.1161,47.5913],[-108.1335,47.5925],[-108.1539,47.5855],[-108.1662,47.5816],[-108.1755,47.5813],[-108.1863,47.581],[-108.2049,47.5854],[-108.2244,47.5853],[-108.2345,47.5827],[-108.2473,47.5825],[-108.2559,47.5849],[-108.2599,47.5859],[-108.2673,47.586],[-108.2741,47.5843],[-108.2863,47.5808],[-108.293,47.5809],[-108.3124,47.5807],[-108.3231,47.5827],[-108.3227,47.5735],[-108.3317,47.5672],[-108.339,47.5678],[-108.3443,47.5697],[-108.3454,47.5771],[-108.3494,47.579],[-108.3716,47.5766],[-108.3789,47.579],[-108.3801,47.5841],[-108.382,47.5892],[-108.3866,47.5915],[-108.3972,47.5945],[-108.4067,47.5923],[-108.4089,47.5873],[-108.4244,47.5843],[-108.4261,47.5921],[-108.4219,47.599],[-108.4245,47.6022],[-108.4271,47.605],[-108.4331,47.606],[-108.4405,47.6057],[-108.4409,47.6144],[-108.4435,47.6177],[-108.4542,47.6165],[-108.4611,47.6106],[-108.4653,47.6051],[-108.5104,47.6012],[-108.5075,47.6104],[-108.5126,47.6164],[-108.5259,47.6212],[-108.5355,47.6163],[-108.5443,47.6141],[-108.5578,47.6111],[-108.5739,47.6122],[-108.5925,47.6161],[-108.6011,47.6223],[-108.6111,47.6251],[-108.6226,47.6203],[-108.6528,47.622],[-108.6736,47.6209],[-108.6882,47.6299],[-108.7083,47.631],[-108.7101,47.6366],[-108.7167,47.6431],[-108.7286,47.6483],[-108.7548,47.6468],[-108.7642,47.6479],[-108.7809,47.6513],[-108.7921,47.6611],[-108.7829,47.6775],[-108.7954,47.6864],[-108.7959,47.6947],[-108.8038,47.7017],[-108.8171,47.707],[-108.8257,47.7117],[-108.8323,47.7154],[-108.8503,47.7221],[-108.8657,47.7269],[-108.891,47.7368],[-108.8915,47.7437],[-108.8911,47.7575],[-108.8913,47.7783],[-108.8907,47.8008],[-108.8917,47.8441],[-108.892,47.8579],[-108.8924,47.8708],[-108.8856,47.8703],[-108.8859,47.8873],[-108.8863,47.8984],[-108.8863,47.9237],[-108.6758,47.9257],[-108.6322,47.9187],[-108.6282,47.9191],[-108.6272,47.9278],[-108.6214,47.9646],[-108.6164,47.9747],[-108.6128,47.9829],[-108.6092,47.9912],[-108.6043,47.9948],[-108.5917,47.99],[-108.5789,47.9875],[-108.5742,47.9856],[-108.5655,47.9851],[-108.4549,47.9802],[-108.4374,47.98],[-108.4346,48.0463],[-108.4331,48.1348],[-108.4324,48.221],[-108.4087,48.2206],[-108.4086,48.3078],[-108.4087,48.4292],[-108.4101,48.4477],[-108.3899,48.4423],[-108.3784,48.4398],[-108.3725,48.4355],[-108.3631,48.4317],[-108.3577,48.4293],[-108.3516,48.4292],[-108.3475,48.4296],[-108.3471,48.5233],[-108.347,48.5672],[-108.3224,48.5677],[-108.3227,48.5816],[-108.3224,48.6102],[-108.3231,48.6684],[-108.3233,48.6851],[-108.3229,48.6971],[-108.323,48.7114],[-108.3232,48.7257],[-108.3234,48.741],[-108.2845,48.7413],[-108.2592,48.7418],[-108.2594,48.7557],[-108.2596,48.7696],[-108.26,48.8556],[-108.2607,48.9143],[-108.2415,48.9149],[-108.241,48.9279],[-108.2395,48.9699],[-108.2384,49.0003],[-108.2384,49.0009],[-108.1747,49.0008],[-108.1524,49.0007],[-108.1343,49.0006],[-108.1308,49.0006],[-108.1198,49.0006],[-108.1088,49.0006],[-108.1067,49.0006],[-108.0553,49.0003],[-108.021,49],[-108.0101,49.0001],[-108.0027,49.0001],[-107.9998,49.0001],[-107.949,49.0006],[-107.9263,49.0006],[-107.9051,49.0007],[-107.8391,49.0009],[-107.7294,49.0011],[-107.7041,49.001],[-107.6588,49.0011],[-107.5497,49.0011],[-107.5337,49.0011],[-107.5271,49.0011],[-107.4201,49.0011],[-107.3322,49.001],[-107.2929,49.0014],[-107.2897,49.0015],[-107.2444,49.0013],[-107.2089,49.0012]]],[[[-111.046551,41.251716],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-110.750727,40.996847],[-110.715026,40.996347],[-110.539819,40.996346],[-110.500718,40.994746],[-110.375714,40.994947],[-110.250709,40.996089],[-110.237848,40.995427],[-110.125709,40.99655],[-110.121639,40.997101],[-110.048476,40.997555],[-110.006495,40.997815],[-110.000708,40.997352],[-109.999838,40.99733],[-109.97553,40.997912],[-109.855299,40.997614],[-109.854302,40.997661],[-109.715409,40.998191],[-109.713877,40.998266],[-109.676421,40.998395],[-109.534926,40.998143],[-109.500694,40.999127],[-109.250735,41.001009],[-109.231985,41.002059],[-109.173682,41.000859],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-109.048455,40.826081],[-109.049088,40.714562],[-109.048373,40.662602],[-109.048249,40.653601],[-109.048044,40.619231],[-109.050074,40.540358],[-109.049955,40.539901],[-109.050698,40.499963],[-109.050314,40.495092],[-109.050946,40.444368],[-109.050969,40.222662],[-109.050973,40.180849],[-109.050944,40.180712],[-109.050813,40.059579],[-109.050873,40.058915],[-109.050615,39.87497],[-109.05104,39.660472],[-109.051363,39.497674],[-109.050765,39.366677],[-109.051512,39.126095],[-109.052436,38.999985],[-109.053292,38.942878],[-109.053233,38.942467],[-109.053797,38.905284],[-109.053943,38.904414],[-109.054189,38.874984],[-109.057388,38.795456],[-109.059541,38.719888],[-109.060253,38.599328],[-109.059962,38.499987],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.054648,38.244921],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.041837,38.153022],[-109.04282,37.999301],[-109.042819,37.997068],[-109.043121,37.97426],[-109.041058,37.907236],[-109.041653,37.88117],[-109.041844,37.872788],[-109.041723,37.842051],[-109.041754,37.835826],[-109.041461,37.800105],[-109.042098,37.74999],[-109.041636,37.74021],[-109.04176,37.713182],[-109.041732,37.711214],[-109.042269,37.666067],[-109.042089,37.623795],[-109.042131,37.617662],[-109.041806,37.604171],[-109.041865,37.530726],[-109.041915,37.530653],[-109.043137,37.499992],[-109.043464,37.484711],[-109.04581,37.374993],[-109.046039,37.249993],[-109.045584,37.249351],[-109.045487,37.210844],[-109.045978,37.201831],[-109.045995,37.177279],[-109.045156,37.112064],[-109.045203,37.111958],[-109.045173,37.109464],[-109.045189,37.096271],[-109.044995,37.086429],[-109.045058,37.074661],[-109.045166,37.072742],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.181196,36.999271],[-109.233848,36.999266],[-109.246917,36.999346],[-109.26339,36.999263],[-109.268213,36.999242],[-109.270097,36.999266],[-109.378039,36.999135],[-109.381226,36.999148],[-109.495338,36.999105],[-109.625668,36.998308],[-109.875673,36.998504],[-110.000677,36.997968],[-110.000876,36.998502],[-110.021778,36.998602],[-110.47019,36.997997],[-110.490908,37.003566],[-110.50069,37.00426],[-110.599512,37.003448],[-110.625605,37.003416],[-110.62569,37.003721],[-110.75069,37.003197],[-111.066496,37.002389],[-111.133718,37.000779],[-111.254853,37.001077],[-111.278286,37.000465],[-111.405517,37.001497],[-111.405869,37.001481],[-111.412784,37.001478],[-112.35769,37.001025],[-112.368946,37.001125],[-112.534545,37.000684],[-112.538593,37.000674],[-112.540368,37.000669],[-112.545094,37.000734],[-112.558974,37.000692],[-112.609787,37.000753],[-112.899366,37.000319],[-112.966471,37.000219],[-113.965907,36.999976],[-113.965907,37.000025],[-114.0506,37.000396],[-114.051749,37.088434],[-114.051822,37.090976],[-114.052827,37.103961],[-114.051867,37.134292],[-114.052179,37.14711],[-114.051673,37.172368],[-114.051405,37.233854],[-114.051974,37.283848],[-114.051974,37.284511],[-114.0518,37.293044],[-114.0518,37.293548],[-114.051927,37.370459],[-114.051927,37.370734],[-114.051765,37.418083],[-114.052448,37.43144],[-114.052701,37.492014],[-114.052685,37.502513],[-114.052718,37.517264],[-114.052689,37.517859],[-114.052962,37.592783],[-114.052472,37.604776],[-114.051728,37.745997],[-114.051785,37.746249],[-114.05167,37.746958],[-114.051109,37.756276],[-114.049919,37.765586],[-114.048473,37.809861],[-114.049677,37.823645],[-114.049928,37.852508],[-114.049658,37.881368],[-114.050423,37.999961],[-114.049903,38.148601],[-114.050138,38.24996],[-114.049417,38.2647],[-114.05012,38.404536],[-114.050091,38.404673],[-114.050485,38.499955],[-114.049834,38.543784],[-114.049862,38.547764],[-114.050154,38.57292],[-114.049883,38.677365],[-114.049749,38.72921],[-114.049168,38.749951],[-114.049465,38.874949],[-114.048521,38.876197],[-114.048054,38.878693],[-114.049104,39.005509],[-114.047079,39.499943],[-114.047728,39.542742],[-114.047273,39.759413],[-114.047783,39.79416],[-114.047214,39.821024],[-114.047134,39.906037],[-114.046555,39.996899],[-114.046835,40.030131],[-114.046386,40.097896],[-114.046741,40.104231],[-114.046683,40.116931],[-114.046153,40.231971],[-114.046178,40.398313],[-114.045826,40.424823],[-114.045218,40.430282],[-114.045518,40.494474],[-114.045577,40.495801],[-114.045281,40.506586],[-114.043505,40.726292],[-114.043831,40.758666],[-114.043803,40.759205],[-114.043176,40.771675],[-114.042145,40.999926],[-114.041447,41.207752],[-114.042553,41.210923],[-114.041396,41.219958],[-114.040231,41.49169],[-114.040942,41.499921],[-114.040437,41.615377],[-114.039968,41.62492],[-114.039901,41.753781],[-114.041152,41.850595],[-114.041107,41.850573],[-114.039648,41.884816],[-114.041723,41.99372],[-113.993903,41.992698],[-113.893261,41.988057],[-113.822163,41.988479],[-113.796082,41.989104],[-113.76453,41.989459],[-113.500837,41.992799],[-113.496548,41.993305],[-113.431563,41.993799],[-113.40223,41.994161],[-113.396497,41.99425],[-113.357611,41.993859],[-113.340072,41.994747],[-113.250829,41.99561],[-113.249159,41.996203],[-113.000821,41.998223],[-113.00082,41.998223],[-112.979218,41.998263],[-112.909587,41.998791],[-112.882367,41.998922],[-112.880619,41.998921],[-112.833125,41.999345],[-112.833084,41.999305],[-112.788542,41.999681],[-112.709375,42.000309],[-112.648019,42.000307],[-112.450814,42.000953],[-112.450567,42.001092],[-112.38617,42.001126],[-112.264936,42.000991],[-112.239107,42.001217],[-112.192976,42.001167],[-112.173352,41.996568],[-112.163956,41.996708],[-112.109532,41.997598],[-112.01218,41.99835],[-111.915837,41.998519],[-111.915622,41.998496],[-111.876491,41.998528],[-111.750778,41.99933],[-111.507264,41.999518],[-111.471381,41.999739],[-111.425535,42.00084],[-111.420898,42.000793],[-111.415873,42.000748],[-111.046689,42.001567],[-111.045818,41.579845],[-111.045789,41.565571],[-111.046264,41.377731],[-111.0466,41.360692],[-111.046551,41.251716]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Phillips\",\"state\":\"MT\"}}]}","volume":"20","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A. 0000-0002-4247-017X deads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-017X","contributorId":173639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"deads@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":835713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gage, Kenneth L.","contributorId":279897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gage","given":"Kenneth L.","affiliations":[{"id":27265,"text":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70257085,"text":"70257085 - 2020 - Agricultural land-use change alters the structure and diversity of Amazon riparian forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-09T11:43:30.440477","indexId":"70257085","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-20T06:40:13","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agricultural land-use change alters the structure and diversity of Amazon riparian forests","docAbstract":"Riparian forests play key roles in protecting biodiversity and water resources, making them priorities for conservation in human-dominated landscapes, but fragmentation associated with expanding tropical croplands threatens their ecological integrity. We compared the structure of tropical riparian forests within intact and cropland catchments in a region of intensive soybean production in the southeastern Brazilian Amazon. We studied forest plots (varying from 120 to 210 m long) that bisected riparian zone forests and headwater streams in ten catchments. Four plots were within large areas of intact primary forest and six were in bands of protected riparian forest along streams within croplands as required by the Brazilian Forest Code. We found that riparian forests in croplands harbored fewer species of trees and seedlings/saplings, and had higher proportions of opportunistic, pioneer tree species. We also found greater variation in tree species composition, and higher internal dissimilarity in croplands compared with forests. The observed patterns in tree species composition were driven mainly by differences between riparian forest-cropland edges and those bordering intact upland forests. Forests nearest to streams in cropland and forested catchments were more similar to one another. Results suggest that wider buffers are needed at the edges of croplands to maintain riparian forest structure. The minimum 30-m riparian buffers now required by the Brazilian Forest Code may thus be insufficient to prevent long-term shifts in riparian forest species composition and structure.
Channel Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) live on six of the eight California Channel Islands, and each island is inhabited by a distinct subspecies. Until recently, four of these subspecies were listed under the Endangered Species Act as endangered. Although three of the four subspecies have been delisted, and one subspecies was downlisted to threatened, all subspecies are still vulnerable because of small population sizes and potential threats from predation and disease. Consequently, information on reproductive behavior for each subspecies, including the San Clemente Island fox (Urocyon littoralis clementae), is important for understanding fox population dynamics. We determined reproductive status of 28 island foxes through observations of radio collared yearlings and adults with or without juveniles between 25 February and 8 October 2009. We found a greater number of adult foxes than yearling foxes and a greater number of female foxes than male foxes observed with juveniles. Also, there was a significantly greater probability of observing adult female foxes with juveniles than yearling males with juveniles. Only 1 of 28 radio collared foxes exhibited either polygamous or “helper” behaviors. Parturition started approximately 2 months earlier than historically recorded for other Channel Island fox subspecies. Our results suggest that in future studies of reproductive success more effort should be placed on monitoring adult females than yearling males. If emergence from dens continues to occur earlier than previously recorded, the current recommended time period for trapping (20 June–31 January) might need revision to exclude January to reduce stress to pregnant females. If all foxes have similar probabilities of transmitting disease on a given contact with juveniles, our data suggest that it may be appropriate to focus more vaccination efforts on females than males and adults than yearlings because they contact juveniles more frequently.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-64.3-4.164","usgsCitation":"Hamblen, E.E., Andelt, W.F., and Stanley, T.R., 2020, Reproduction and denning by San Clemente Island Foxes: Age, sex, and polygamy: The Southwestern Naturalist, v. 64, no. 3-4, p. 164-172, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-64.3-4.164.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"172","ipdsId":"IP-095894","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380872,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Channel Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.33099365234375,\n 32.78958351251041\n ],\n [\n -118.25958251953124,\n 33.37182502950726\n ],\n [\n -118.63586425781249,\n 33.53452667616054\n ],\n [\n -119.40216064453126,\n 34.05265942137599\n ],\n [\n -119.94049072265625,\n 34.109530506665884\n ],\n [\n -120.46234130859376,\n 34.0822371521209\n ],\n [\n -120.47607421874999,\n 33.99119576995599\n ],\n [\n -120.06683349609374,\n 33.84076406581977\n ],\n [\n -119.55322265624999,\n 33.169743600216165\n ],\n [\n -118.36944580078124,\n 32.759562025650126\n ],\n [\n -118.33099365234375,\n 32.78958351251041\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamblen, Emily E.","contributorId":245310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamblen","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andelt, William F.","contributorId":49296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andelt","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70230646,"text":"70230646 - 2020 - Estimating and forecasting spatial population dynamics of apex predators using transnational genetic monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-20T11:49:11.923065","indexId":"70230646","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-16T06:42:08","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10567,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating and forecasting spatial population dynamics of apex predators using transnational genetic monitoring","docAbstract":"The implementation and monitoring of management strategies is integral to protect coastal marshes from increased inundation and submergence under sea-level rise. Sediment addition is one such strategy in which sediment is added to marshes to raise relative elevations, decrease tidal inundation, and enhance ecosystem processes. This study looked at the plant and invertebrate community responses over 12 months following a sediment addition project on a salt marsh located in an urbanized estuary in southern California, USA. This salt marsh is experiencing local subsidence, is sediment-limited from landscape modifications, has resident protected species, and is at-risk of submergence from sea-level rise. Abiotic measurements, invertebrate cores, and plant parameters were analyzed before and after sediment application in a before-after-control-impact (BACI) design. Immediately following the sediment application, plant cover and invertebrate abundance decreased significantly, with smothering of existing vegetation communities without regrowth, presumably creating resulting harsh abiotic conditions. At six months after the sediment application treatment, Salicornia bigelovii minimally colonized the sediment application area, and Spartina foliosa spread vegetatively from the edges of the marsh; however, at 12 months following sediment application overall plant recovery was still minimal. Community composition of infaunal invertebrates shifted from a dominance of marsh-associated groups like oligochaetes and polychaetes to more terrestrial and more mobile dispersers like insect larvae. In contrast to other studies, such as those with high organic deposition, that showed vegetation and invertebrate community recovery within one year of sediment application, our results indicated a much slower recovery following a sediment addition of 32 cm which resulted in a supratidal elevation with an average of 1.62 m (NAVD88) at our sampling locations. Our results indicate that the site did not recover after one year and that recovery may take longer which illustrates the importance of long-term monitoring to fully understand restoration trajectories and inform adaptive management. Testing and monitoring sea-level rise adaptation strategies like sediment addition for salt marshes is important to prevent the loss of important coastal ecosystems.
New, non-invasive methods for detecting and monitoring species presence are being developed to aid in fisheries and wildlife conservation management. The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) samples for detecting macrobiota is one such group of methods that is rapidly becoming popular and being implemented in national management programs. Here we focus on the development of species-specific targeted assays for probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) applications. Using probe-based qPCR offers greater specificity than is possible with primers alone. Furthermore, the ability to quantify the amount of DNA in a sample can be useful in our understanding of the ecology of eDNA and the interpretation of eDNA detection patterns in the field. Careful consideration is needed in the development and testing of these assays to ensure the sensitivity and specificity of detecting the target species from an environmental sample. In this protocol we will delineate the steps needed to design and test probe-based assays for the detection of a target species; including creation of sequence databases, assay design, assay selection and optimization, testing assay performance, and field validation. Following these steps will help achieve an efficient, sensitive, and specific assay that can be used with confidence. We demonstrate this process with our assay designed for populations of the mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina), a freshwater mussel species found in the Clinch River, USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"JoVE Journal","doi":"10.3791/61825","usgsCitation":"Klymus, K.E., Ruiz-Ramos, D.V., Thompson, N., and Richter, C.A., 2020, Development and testing of species-specific quantitative PCR assays for environmental DNA applications: JOVE Journal Of Visualized Experiments, v. 165, e61825, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3791/61825.","productDescription":"e61825, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120373","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454875,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3791/61825","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BIGOS5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mucket eDNA detection in Wallen's Bend, Clinch river, Tennessee, September 2019"},{"id":381495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klymus, Katy E. 0000-0002-8843-6241 kklymus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8843-6241","contributorId":5043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klymus","given":"Katy","email":"kklymus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruiz-Ramos, Dannise Vannesa 0000-0001-7282-0380","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7282-0380","contributorId":245827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiz-Ramos","given":"Dannise","email":"","middleInitial":"Vannesa","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Nathan 0000-0002-1372-6340 nthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1372-6340","contributorId":196133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Nathan","email":"nthompson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richter, Catherine A. 0000-0001-7322-4206 crichter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7322-4206","contributorId":138994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Catherine","email":"crichter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70226663,"text":"70226663 - 2020 - Understanding the storage conditions and fluctuating eruption style of a young monogenetic volcano: Blue Lake crater (<3 ka), High Cascades, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T17:51:23.701337","indexId":"70226663","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-04T10:20:14","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the storage conditions and fluctuating eruption style of a young monogenetic volcano: Blue Lake crater (<3 ka), High Cascades, Oregon","docAbstract":"Blue Lake crater (<3 ka) is monogenetic volcano that produced one of the youngest eruptions in the central Oregon Cascades. Understanding monogenetic volcano behavior – from storage through eruption – is imperative in planning for future eruptions. Here we combine physical volcanology and geochemistry to determine the pre-eruptive storage conditions, ascent rate, eruption style, and deposit distribution of this young eruption. We find that the eruption of Blue Lake was initially phreatomagmatic, producing lithic-rich fall deposits and thin surge deposits and excavating the maar crater, before transitioning rapidly to a final voluminous magmatic-volatile driven explosive eruption. The mapped fall deposit has an estimated volume of 3.9 × 107 m3 (2.2 × 107 m3 DRE) which suggests a VEI of 3. Although similar in magnitude (as measured by fall deposit volume) to many other recent cinder cone eruptions in the Cascades, the Blue Lake crater eruption lacks an effusive phase. The absence of lava flows may reflect the lack of evidence for syn-eruptive magma storage at shallow levels. Indeed, corrected volatile contents of olivine-hosted melt inclusions (2.9–4.2 wt% H2O, 910–1330 ppm CO2) are strikingly uniform and indicate storage and crystallization at a restricted pressure range (average ~ 235 MPa), equating to a depth of ~8.6 km. Melt inclusion geochemistry indicates that the basaltic andesite magma cooled and crystallized ~25% during storage at this pressure. Crystals in the Blue Lake magma show evidence of mixing with, or entrainment in, a more evolved magma. Feldspar crystals have large An-rich cores (An80–85) and abrupt An-poor rims (An60–70); olivine crystals have large, broad cores (~Fo82–84) and thin rims with lower Fo and NiO contents. Diffusion modeling of olivine zoning suggests that an intrusion event occurred ~10–60 days prior to eruption. Diffusive loss of H+ from melt inclusions was minimal (<1.3 wt% H2O) during magma ascent, from which we calculate minimum ascent times from 235 MPa of <1 day. Many inclusions indicate ascent times of <3 h, corresponding to ascent rates of ~1 to >13 m/s. This study illustrates the pre-eruptive and eruptive complexities of monogenetic volcanoes and highlights the minimal warning that may precede future eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.107103","usgsCitation":"Johnson, E.R., and Cashman, K., 2020, Understanding the storage conditions and fluctuating eruption style of a young monogenetic volcano: Blue Lake crater (<3 ka), High Cascades, Oregon: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 408, 107103, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.107103.","productDescription":"107103, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123764","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Blue Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.79752349853516,\n 44.40202390088682\n ],\n [\n -121.7233657836914,\n 44.40202390088682\n ],\n [\n -121.7233657836914,\n 44.451183121531336\n ],\n [\n -121.79752349853516,\n 44.451183121531336\n ],\n [\n -121.79752349853516,\n 44.40202390088682\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"408","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Emily Renee 0000-0002-7967-6913","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7967-6913","contributorId":269628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"Renee","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cashman, Katharine V.","contributorId":40097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cashman","given":"Katharine V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216761,"text":"70216761 - 2020 - An assessment of the thiamine status of Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Susquehanna River watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-04T14:50:36.985453","indexId":"70216761","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-04T08:47:12","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of the thiamine status of Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Susquehanna River watershed","docAbstract":"Unpredictable recruitment and physical abnormalities (sores and lesions) have been observed in populations of Micropterus dolomieu (Smallmouth Bass) throughout the Susquehanna River basin. Malnutrition has been proposed as one of among several potential stressors, yet little to no information was available to critically assess its feasibility as a causal factor. We measured thiamine profiles of Smallmouth Bass (free thiamine [T], thiamine monophosphate [TP], and thiamine pyrophosphate [TPP]) for 3 tissues (egg, liver, and muscle) collected at 13 sites in the Susquehanna River and compared the values to those in 2 neighboring drainages (Allegheny River and Delaware River). Mass-specific thiamine concentrations in eggs were comparable to published values for Micropterus salmoides (Largemouth Bass), but higher than those found in Sander vitreus (Walleye), and Salvelinus namaycush (Lake Trout) known to consume Alosa pseudoharengus (Alewife), a thiaminase positive forage fish. In general, Smallmouth Bass collected from sites within the Susquehanna River basin had thiamine concentrations comparable to fish at the site in the Allegheny River, yet average thiamine concentrations in fish from the Susquehanna and Allegheny sites were each considerably lower than the average value collected from the Smallmouth Bass in the Delaware River. Future studies should consider a more balanced sampling design among watersheds to assess spatial variability among sites and basins. Average site-specific thiamine concentrations measured in Smallmouth Bass exceeded published minimum threshold values for Lake Trout. Given that Smallmouth Bass appear to have distinct thiamine profiles, concentrations, and timing of egg development, threshold thiamine concentrations parameterized for salmonids may not apply to Smallmouth Bass. As such, empirical studies that parameterize species-specific thiamine thresholds are needed to formally evaluate if thiamine deficiency is an issue for Smallmouth Bass in the Susquehanna River basin. To our knowledge, these are the first data on thiamine concentrations published for Smallmouth Bass.
Earthquake early warning (EEW) can be used to detect earthquakes and provide advanced notification of strong shaking, allowing pre-emptive actions to be taken that not only benefit infrastructure but reduce injuries and fatalities. Currently Aotearoa New Zealand does not have a nationwide EEW system, so a survey of the public was undertaken to understand whether EEW was considered useful and acceptable by the public, as well as perceptions of how and when such warnings should be communicated, before making an investment in such technology. We surveyed the public’s perspectives (N = 3084) on the usefulness of EEW, preferred system attributes, and what people anticipated doing on receipt of a warning. We found strong support for EEW, for the purposes of being able to undertake actions to protect oneself and others (e.g. family, friends, and pets), and to mentally prepare for shaking. In terms of system attributes, respondents expressed a desire for being warned at a threshold of shaking intensity MM5–6. They suggested a preference for receiving a warning via mobile phone, supported by other channels. In addition to being warned about impending shaking, respondents wanted to receive messages that alerted them to other attributes of the earthquake (including the possibility of additional hazards such as tsunami), and what actions to take. People’s anticipated actions on receipt of a warning varied depending on the time available from the warning to arrival of shaking. People were more likely to undertake quicker and easier actions for shorter timeframes of <10 s (e.g., stop, mentally prepare, take protective action), and more likely to move to a nearby safe area, help others, look for more information, or take safety actions as timeframes increased. Given the public endorsement for EEW, information from this survey can be used to guide future development in Aotearoa New Zealand and internationally with respect to system attributes, sources, channels and messages, in ways that promote effective action.
Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are commonly used to control rodent pests. However, worldwide, their use is associated with secondary and tertiary poisoning of nontarget species, especially predatory and scavenging birds. No medical device can rapidly test for AR exposure of avian wildlife. Prothrombin time (PT) is a useful biomarker for AR exposure, and multiple commercially available point-of-care (POC) devices measure PT of humans, and domestic and companion mammals. We evaluated the potential of one commercially available POC device, the Coag-Sense® PT/INR Monitoring System, to rapidly detect AR exposure of living birds of prey. The Coag-Sense device delivered repeatable PT measurements on avian blood samples collected from four species of raptors trapped during migration (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient > 0.9; overall intra-sample variation CV: 5.7%). However, PT measurements reported by the Coag-Sense system from 81 ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) nestlings were not correlated to those measured by a one-stage laboratory avian PT assay (r = − 0.017, p = 0.88). Although precise, the lack of agreement in PT estimates from the Coag-Sense device and the laboratory assay indicates that this device is not suitable for detecting potential AR exposure of birds of prey. The lack of suitability may be related to the use of a mammalian reagent in the clotting reaction, suggesting that the device may perform better in testing mammalian wildlife
Plant productivity is central to numerous ecosystem functions in tidal wetlands. We examined how productivity of brackish marsh plants in northern California responded to abiotic stress gradients of inundation and salinity using two experimental approaches. In a greenhouse study with varying salinity, shoot production and biomass of Juncus balticus, Schoenoplectus acutus and S. americanus all declined monotonically with higher salinity, with evidence of differences in sensitivity among species by their varied functional responses. Salinity also negatively affected fecundity for the one species (S. americanus) that produced enough inflorescences during the experiment for analysis. In a field manipulation of inundation and initial pore water salinity, total end-of-season biomass and other metrics of growth in the high marsh species, J. balticus, had unimodal relationships with inundation. Root production tended to be greater strongly impacted by greater inundation than shoot production. The salinity treatment quickly dissipated for treatments that were flooded more frequently but persisted at a higher marsh elevation where it suppressed plant growth. These results suggest that both increased flooding and salinity associated with climate change and sea-level rise may negatively impact productivity of brackish marsh species, but with variable effects by species and stressor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-020-04419-3","usgsCitation":"Janousek, C.N., Dugger, B.D., Drucker, B.M., and Thorne, K., 2020, Salinity and inundation effects on productivity of brackish tidal marsh plants in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Hydrobiologia, v. 847, p. 4311-4323, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04419-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4311","endPage":"4323","ipdsId":"IP-122239","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -120.9814453125,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -120.9814453125,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 36.84446074079564\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"847","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janousek, Christopher N. 0000-0003-2124-6715","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-6715","contributorId":103951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janousek","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugger, Bruce D.","contributorId":176167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dugger","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drucker, Brandon M","contributorId":258214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drucker","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":204579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70267767,"text":"70267767 - 2020 - Ontogenetic shifts in mesohabitat use of young-of-year Rio Grande blue sucker in the Big Bend region of the Rio Grande","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-30T16:03:05.271414","indexId":"70267767","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogenetic shifts in mesohabitat use of young-of-year Rio Grande blue sucker in the Big Bend region of the Rio Grande","docAbstract":"Alteration of flow regimes by anthropogenic activities is one of the primary environmental problems in riverine systems. Understanding how hydrologic conditions can affect ontogenetic habitat shifts of imperiled fishes is important in order to develop conservation and management strategies for each life-history stage. We examined relationships between the abundance of young-of-the-year (YOY) Rio Grande Blue Sucker and various abiotic variables in the Trans-Pecos region of the Rio Grande in Texas, USA. We used open N-mixture modeling to better understand the factors affecting ontogenetic habitat shifts of the imperiled aridland river fish. In addition, we examined differences in Rio Grande Blue Sucker total length among three mesohabitat types (pool, riffle, and run). The results of open N-mixture modeling suggested that as pool area increased, the abundance of YOY Rio Grande Blue Sucker increased. Total length of YOY Rio Grande Blue Sucker also significantly differed among the three mesohabitat types. The total lengths of YOY Rio Grande Blue Sucker in pool habitats were lower than in other mesohabitats, suggesting that YOY Rio Grande Blue Sucker undergo ontogenetic habitat shifts into greater current velocity habitats as they grow. The habitat associations we documented support the growing body of research emphasizing the importance of maintaining sufficient and appropriately timed flows to avoid prolonged low flows that limit habitat availability for native fish species during sensitive life stages in the Rio Grande and other aridland rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s10641-020-01038-8","usgsCitation":"Miyazono, S., Pease, A., Fritts, S., and Grabowski, T.B., 2020, Ontogenetic shifts in mesohabitat use of young-of-year Rio Grande blue sucker in the Big Bend region of the Rio Grande: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 103, p. 1471-1480, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-020-01038-8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1471","endPage":"1480","ipdsId":"IP-118286","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489286,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande in the Big Bend region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.91886105019951,\n 29.728911907450694\n ],\n [\n -103.91886105019951,\n 28.965625411076672\n ],\n [\n -102.76942901752302,\n 28.965625411076672\n ],\n [\n -102.76942901752302,\n 29.728911907450694\n ],\n [\n -103.91886105019951,\n 29.728911907450694\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miyazono, Seiji","contributorId":356122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miyazono","given":"Seiji","affiliations":[{"id":37463,"text":"TTU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pease, Allison A.","contributorId":356124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pease","given":"Allison A.","affiliations":[{"id":37463,"text":"TTU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fritts, Sarah","contributorId":356126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fritts","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":84915,"text":"tsu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":938780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228390,"text":"70228390 - 2020 - Mitogenome of northern long-eared bat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-10T17:15:45.272543","indexId":"70228390","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-21T11:07:29","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5471,"text":"Mitochondrial DNA Part B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitogenome of northern long-eared bat","docAbstract":"The complete mitogenome of the northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) was determined to be 17,362 bp and contained 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and one control region. The whole genome base composition was 33.8% GC. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that M. septentrionalis be positioned next to M. auriculus in the Nearctic subclade of the Myotis genus. This complete mitochondrial genome provides essential molecular markers for resolving phylogeny and future conservation efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/23802359.2020.1830726","usgsCitation":"Gaughan, S.J., Pope, K.L., White, J.A., Lemen, C.A., and Freeman, P.W., 2020, Mitogenome of northern long-eared bat: Mitochondrial DNA Part B, v. 5, no. 3, p. 3592-3593, https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2020.1830726.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3592","endPage":"3593","ipdsId":"IP-115702","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2020.1830726","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaughan, S. J.","contributorId":275637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaughan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36892,"text":"University of Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":270762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, J. A.","contributorId":275639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36892,"text":"University of Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lemen, C. A.","contributorId":275640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36206,"text":"Retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, P. W.","contributorId":275642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36892,"text":"University of Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}