Vertical one-dimensional shear wave velocity (Vs) profiles are presented for 25 strong-motion instrument sites along the Mid-Atlantic eastern seaboard, Piedmont region, and Appalachian region, which surround the epicenter of the M5.8 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake of August 23, 2011. Testing was performed at sites in Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, the District of Columbia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. The purpose of the study is to determine the detailed site velocity profile, the average velocity in the upper 30 meters of the profile (VS,30), the average velocity for the entire profile (VS,Z), and the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classification. The Vs profiles are estimated using a non-invasive continuous-sine-wave method for gathering the dispersion characteristics of surface waves. A large trailer-mounted active source was used to shake the ground during the testing and produce the surface waves. Shear wave velocity profiles were inverted from the averaged dispersion curves using three independent methods for comparison, and the root-mean square combined coefficient of variation (COV) of the dispersion and inversion calculations are estimated for each site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151099","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R.E., Carkin, B., Corbett, S.C., Zangwill, A., Estevez, I., and Lai, L., 2015, Shear Wave Velocity and Site Amplification Factors for 25 Strong-Motion Instrument Stations Affected by the M5.8 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake of August 23, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1099, iii, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151099.","productDescription":"iii, 66 p.","numberOfPages":"69","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-12-08","temporalEnd":"2012-06-27","ipdsId":"IP-061815","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305496,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1099/"},{"id":305520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1099/images/coverthb.gif"},{"id":305512,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1099/downloads/ofr2015-1099.pdf","text":"Report","size":"45.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Pennslyvannia, Tennesee, West Virginia, Virginia","city":"Washington, D.C.","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 40.41349604970198\n ],\n [\n -74.915771484375,\n 40.41349604970198\n ],\n [\n -74.915771484375,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 38.993572058209466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.49731445312499,\n 37.37888785004527\n ],\n [\n -78.49731445312499,\n 38.98503278695909\n ],\n [\n -77.0086669921875,\n 38.98503278695909\n ],\n [\n -77.0086669921875,\n 37.37888785004527\n ],\n [\n -78.49731445312499,\n 37.37888785004527\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.726806640625,\n 35.191766965947394\n ],\n [\n -83.726806640625,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -77.6513671875,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -77.6513671875,\n 35.191766965947394\n ],\n [\n -83.726806640625,\n 35.191766965947394\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950122e4b0b6d21dd6cbbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. 0000-0002-0356-072X rkayen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-072X","contributorId":140764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carkin, Brad A. 0000-0001-8318-4535 bcarkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8318-4535","contributorId":140937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carkin","given":"Brad A.","email":"bcarkin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corbett, Skye C. 0000-0003-3277-1021 scorbett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-1021","contributorId":5436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbett","given":"Skye","email":"scorbett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zangwill, Aliza","contributorId":145425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zangwill","given":"Aliza","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Estevez, Ivan","contributorId":145426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Estevez","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lai, Lena","contributorId":145427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lai","given":"Lena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16120,"text":"Pathways Careers Intern, USGS, Lawrenceville, NJ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70143171,"text":"ofr20151048 - 2015 - National assessment of shoreline change: historical change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T09:23:27","indexId":"ofr20151048","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1048","title":"National assessment of shoreline change: historical change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape","docAbstract":"Beach erosion is a persistent problem along most open-ocean shores of the United States. Along the Arctic coast of Alaska, coastal erosion is widespread, may be accelerating, and is threatening defense and energy-related infrastructure, coastal habitats, and Native communities. As coastal populations continue to expand and infrastructure and habitat are increasingly threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present trends and rates of shoreline movement. There also is a need for a comprehensive analysis of shoreline change with metrics that are consistent from one coastal region to another. To meet these national needs, the U.S. Geological Survey is conducting an analysis of historical shoreline changes along the open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Hawaii, Alaska, and the Great Lakes. One purpose of this work is to develop standard, repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing shoreline change so that periodic, systematic, and internally consistent updates regarding coastal erosion and land loss can be made nationally.
\nThis report on shoreline change along the north coast of Alaska, between the U.S.-Canadian border and Icy Cape, is one in a series of regionally focused reports on historical shoreline change. Previous investigations include analyses and descriptive reports for the coasts of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, the Southeast Atlantic, California, the New England and Mid-Atlantic, portions of Hawaii, and the Pacific Northwest coasts of Oregon and Washington.
\nSimilar to the earlier reports in this series, this report summarizes the methods of analysis, documents and describes the results of the analysis, and explains historical trends and rates of shoreline change. This Alaska shoreline change assessment differs from previously published shoreline change assessments in that: (1) only two historical shorelines (from the 1940s and 2000s eras) were available for the Alaska study area whereas four or more shorelines (from 1850 to 2002) were available for the other assessments and, thus, only end-point rates for one long-term analysis period are reported here, compared to a combination of long-term and short-term rates as reported in other studies; (2) modern (2000s era) shorelines in this study represent a visually derived land-water interface position versus an elevation based, tidally referenced shoreline position; and (3) both exposed open-ocean and sheltered mainland-lagoon shorelines and rates of change are included in this study compared to other locations where only exposed open-ocean sandy shorelines or bluff edges were evaluated. No distinction was made between sand or gravel beaches, and the base of the unconsolidated coastal bluff was considered the shoreline where no fronting beach existed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151048","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, A.E., and Richmond, B.M., 2015, National assessment of shoreline change: historical change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1048, ix, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151048.","productDescription":"ix, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050947","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151048.jpg"},{"id":305506,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1048/pdf/ofr2015-1048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":305507,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1030","description":"Open-File Report 2015-1030"},{"id":305493,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1048/"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Icy Cape","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950122e4b0b6d21dd6cbba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141189,"text":"ofr20151030 - 2015 - National assessment of shoreline change: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T09:29:11","indexId":"ofr20151030","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1030","title":"National assessment of shoreline change: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape","docAbstract":"The Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska is an area of strategic economic importance to the United States, is home to remote Native communities, and encompasses unique habitats of global significance. Coastal erosion along the Arctic coast is chronic, widespread, and may be accelerating, which threatens defense- and energy-related infrastructure, natural shoreline habitats, and Native communities. There is an increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes across the United States. To meet these national needs, the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey is compiling existing reliable historical shoreline data along sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Alaska and Hawaii under the National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project (hereafter referred to as the \"National Assessment project\";http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/shoreline-change/). A comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines and rates of shoreline change for Alaska, from the U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape, is presented in this report as part of the National Assessment project.
\nThere is no widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change. Existing shoreline data measurements and rate calculation methods vary from study to study and prevent combining results into state-wide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment project was to develop a standardized method of measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the results in an internally consistent manner. A detailed report on shoreline change for the north coast of Alaska that contains a discussion of the data presented here is available and cited in section, \"Geospatial Data.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151030","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, A.E., Ohman, K.A., and Richmond, B.M., 2015, National assessment of shoreline change: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1030, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151030.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053360","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151030.jpg"},{"id":305509,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/html/ofr2015-1030_title.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Report"},{"id":305510,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1048/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1048","description":"Open-File Report 2015-1048"},{"id":305494,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Icy Cape","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950122e4b0b6d21dd6cbb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohman, Karen A.","contributorId":139262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohman","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12712,"text":"Michael Baker International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70150412,"text":"ofr20151122 - 2015 - Trench logs, terrestrial lidar system imagery, and radiocarbon data from the kilometer-62 site on the Greenville Fault, southeastern Alameda County, California, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T09:14:40","indexId":"ofr20151122","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1122","title":"Trench logs, terrestrial lidar system imagery, and radiocarbon data from the kilometer-62 site on the Greenville Fault, southeastern Alameda County, California, 2014","docAbstract":"In 2014, we investigated an abrupt 8.5-meter (m), right-laterally deflected stream channel located near the Greenville Fault in southeastern Alameda County, California (-121.56224° E, 37.53430° N) that we discovered using 0.5-m resolution, 2011 aerial lidar imagery flown along the active fault trace. Prior to trenching we surveyed the site using a terrestrial lidar system (TLS) to document the exact geomorphic expression of this deflected stream channel before excavating a trench adjacent to it. We trenched perpendicular to the fault hoping to document the prehistoric history of earthquake ruptures along the fault. However, the alluvial stratigraphy that we document in these trench logs shows conclusively that this trench did not expose any active fault trace. Using other local geomorphic evidence for the fault location, a straight fault scarp immediately north of this stream projects slightly upslope of the west end of our trench and may be the actual location of the active fault trace. Five radiocarbon samples establish age control for the alluvial sequence documented in the trench, which may in the future be useful in constraining the long-term slip rate of the Greenville Fault. The deflection had been caused by an abrupt nontectonic termination of unit u30, a relatively thick (0.15–0.35 m) silt that is more erosion resistant than the adjacent cohesionless sand and gravel.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151122","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., DeLong, S.B., Avdievitch, N.N., Pickering, A.J., and Guilderson, T.P., 2015, Trench logs, terrestrial lidar system imagery, and radiocarbon data from the kilometer-62 site on the Greenville Fault, southeastern Alameda County, California, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1122, 1 Sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151122.","productDescription":"1 Sheet","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-065482","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151122.gif"},{"id":305472,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1122/"},{"id":305504,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1122/pdf/ofr20151122.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda County","otherGeospatial":"Greenville Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.7449951171875,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -121.7449951171875,\n 37.64468458716586\n ],\n [\n -121.3604736328125,\n 37.64468458716586\n ],\n [\n -121.3604736328125,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -121.7449951171875,\n 37.41816326969145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950124e4b0b6d21dd6cbc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLong, Stephen B. 0000-0002-0945-2172 sdelong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2172","contributorId":5240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Stephen","email":"sdelong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avdievitch, Nikita N.","contributorId":143693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avdievitch","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":15304,"text":"University of Tubingen, Wilhelmstrasse 56, Tugingen, GER 72076","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":563990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pickering, Alexandra J. 0000-0002-1281-6117 apickering@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-6117","contributorId":5990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"Alexandra","email":"apickering@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guilderson, Thomas P.","contributorId":59121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guilderson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":563992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148461,"text":"ofr20151113 - 2015 - Chemical mixtures and environmental effects: a pilot study to assess ecological exposure and effects in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T08:56:34","indexId":"ofr20151113","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1113","title":"Chemical mixtures and environmental effects: a pilot study to assess ecological exposure and effects in streams","docAbstract":"Assessment and management of the risks of exposure to complex chemical mixtures in streams are priorities for human and environmental health organizations around the world. The current lack of information on the composition and variability of environmental mixtures and a limited understanding of their combined effects are fundamental obstacles to timely identification and prevention of adverse human and ecological effects of exposure. This report describes the design of a field-based study of the composition and biological activity of chemical mixtures in U.S. stream waters affected by a wide range of human activities and contaminant sources. The study is a collaborative effort by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Scientists sampled 38 streams spanning 24 States and Puerto Rico. Thirty-four of the sites were located in watersheds impacted by multiple contaminant sources, including industrial and municipal wastewater discharges, crop and animal agricultural runoff, urban runoff, and other point and nonpoint contaminant sources. The remaining four sites were minimally development reference watersheds. All samples underwent comprehensive chemical and biological characterization, including sensitive and specific direct analysis for over 700 dissolved organic and inorganic chemicals and field parameters, identification of unknown contaminants (environmental diagnostics), and a variety of bioassays to evaluate biological activity and toxicity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151113","usgsCitation":"Buxton, H.T., Reilly, T.J., Kuivila, K., Kolpin, D.W., Bradley, P.M., Villeneuve, D.L., and Mills, M.A., 2015, Chemical mixtures and environmental effects: a pilot study to assess ecological exposure and effects in streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1113, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151113.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064390","costCenters":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151113.jpg"},{"id":305502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1113/pdf/ofr2015-1113.pdf","text":"Report","size":"880 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":305501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1113/"}],"country":"Puerto Rico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.03125,\n 25.958044673317843\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 28.14950321154457\n ],\n [\n -94.21875,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 27.839076094777816\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 25.562265014427492\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 25.005972656239187\n ],\n [\n -79.716796875,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -73.47656249999999,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -69.697265625,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -70.6640625,\n 42.94033923363183\n ],\n [\n -68.818359375,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -66.97265625,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -67.5,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -67.763671875,\n 47.69497434186282\n ],\n [\n -69.2578125,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -79.27734374999999,\n 43.70759350405294\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -83.3203125,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -86.923828125,\n 44.08758502824518\n ],\n [\n -86.220703125,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -87.802734375,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 47.100044694025215\n ],\n [\n -89.47265625,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 49.32512199104001\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -123.31054687499999,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -120.58593749999999,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -110.91796875,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -107.9296875,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -104.58984375,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -103.095703125,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -101.865234375,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -100.37109375,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -99.052734375,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 25.958044673317843\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -65.972900390625,\n 17.942154735291453\n ],\n [\n -65.841064453125,\n 18.01530387941711\n ],\n [\n -65.63232421875,\n 18.250219977065594\n ],\n [\n -65.6268310546875,\n 18.391017613499066\n ],\n [\n -65.9344482421875,\n 18.48481889407345\n ],\n [\n -66.7144775390625,\n 18.521283325496288\n ],\n [\n -67.203369140625,\n 18.521283325496288\n ],\n [\n -67.2857666015625,\n 18.36495262653916\n ],\n [\n -67.21435546875,\n 18.265869811558165\n ],\n [\n -67.2198486328125,\n 18.03619806341487\n ],\n [\n -67.2198486328125,\n 17.926475979176438\n ],\n [\n -66.7803955078125,\n 17.947380678685217\n ],\n [\n -65.972900390625,\n 17.942154735291453\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5595011de4b0b6d21dd6cbb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, Timothy J. 0000-0002-2939-3050 tjreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-3050","contributorId":1858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Timothy","email":"tjreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Villeneuve, Daniel L.","contributorId":141084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villeneuve","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mills, Marc A.","contributorId":141085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70148460,"text":"ofr20151114 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Point Reyes, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:56:05.493853","indexId":"ofr20151114","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-30T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1114","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Point Reyes, California","docAbstract":"This publication about the Offshore of Point Reyes map area includes ten map sheets that contain explanatory text, in addition to this descriptive pamphlet and a data catalog of geographic information system (GIS) files. Sheets 1, 2, and 3 combine data from four different sonar surveys to generate comprehensive high-resolution bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter coverage of the map area. These data reveal a range of physiographic features (highlighted in the perspective views on sheet 4) such as the flat, sediment-covered seafloor in Drakes Bay, as well as abundant “scour depressions” on the Bodega Head–Tomales Point shelf (see sheet 9) and local, tectonically controlled bedrock uplifts. To validate geological and biological interpretations of the sonar data shown in sheets 1, 2, and 3, the U.S. Geological Survey towed a camera sled over specific offshore locations, collecting both video and photographic imagery; these “ground-truth” surveying data are summarized on sheet 6. Sheet 5 is a “seafloor character” map, which classifies the seafloor on the basis of depth, slope, rugosity (ruggedness), and backscatter intensity and which is further informed by the ground-truth-survey imagery. Sheet 7 is a map of “potential habitats,” which are delineated on the basis of substrate type, geomorphology, seafloor process, or other attributes that may provide a habitat for a specific species or assemblage of organisms. Sheet 8 compiles representative seismic-reflection profiles from the map area, providing information on the subsurface stratigraphy and structure of the map area. Sheet 9 shows the distribution and thickness of young sediment (deposited over the last about 21,000 years, during the most recent sea-level rise) in both the map area and the larger Salt Point to Drakes Bay region, interpreted on the basis of the seismic-reflection data, and it identifies the Offshore of Point Reyes map area as lying within the Bodega Head–Tomales Point shelf, Point Reyes bar, and Bolinas shelf domains. Sheet 10 is a geologic map that merges onshore geologic mapping (compiled from existing maps by the California Geological Survey) and new offshore geologic mapping that is based on integration of high-resolution bathymetry and backscatter imagery (sheets 1, 2, 3), seafloor-sediment and rock samples (Reid and others, 2006), digital camera and video imagery (sheet 6), and high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles (sheet 8), as well as aerial-photographic interpretation of nearshore areas. The information provided by the map sheets, pamphlet, and data catalog have a broad range of applications. High-resolution bathymetry, acoustic backscatter, ground-truth-surveying imagery, and habitat mapping all contribute to habitat characterization and ecosystem-based management by providing essential data for delineation of marine protected areas and ecosystem restoration. Many of the maps provide high-resolution baselines that will be critical for monitoring environmental change associated with climate change, coastal development, or other forcings. High-resolution bathymetry is a critical component for modeling coastal flooding caused by storms and tsunamis, as well as inundation associated with longer term sea-level rise. Seismic-reflection and bathymetric data help characterize earthquake and tsunami sources, critical for natural-hazard assessments of coastal zones. Information on sediment distribution and thickness is essential to the understanding of local and regional sediment transport, as well as the development of regional sediment-management plans. In addition, siting of any new offshore infrastructure (for example, pipelines, cables, or renewable-energy facilities) will depend on high-resolution mapping. Finally, this mapping will both stimulate and enable new scientific research and also raise public awareness of, and education about, coastal environments and issues.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151114","usgsCitation":"Watt, J., Dartnell, P., Golden, N., Greene, H., Erdey, M.D., Cochrane, G.R., Johnson, S.Y., Hartwell, S., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M., Endris, C.A., Dieter, B.E., Sliter, R.W., Krigsman, L., Lowe, E., and Chinn, J.L., 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Point Reyes, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1114, Pamphlet: iv, 39 p.; 10 Sheets: 52 x 36 inches or smaller ; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151114.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 39 p.; 10 Sheets: 52 x 36 inches or smaller ; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055336","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305464,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/pdf/ofr20151114_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California By Janet T. Watt, Samuel Y. Johnson, John L. Chin, and Ray W. Sliter"},{"id":305458,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/pdf/ofr20151114_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":305457,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/pdf/ofr20151114_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":305459,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/pdf/ofr20151114_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Mercedes D. Erdey, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":305456,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/pdf/ofr20151114_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"},{"id":305455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/"},{"id":305467,"rank":13,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/ofr20151114_metadata.html"},{"id":305468,"rank":14,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/data_catalog_OffshorePointReyes.html","text":"Data Catalog-Offshore of Point Reyes, California","description":"Data Catalog-Offshore of Point Reyes, California","linkHelpText":"Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":305460,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/pdf/ofr20151114_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":305461,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/pdf/ofr20151114_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":305462,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/pdf/ofr20151114_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman"},{"id":305463,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/pdf/ofr20151114_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California By Charles A. Endris, H. Gary Greene, Bryan E. Dieter, Erik N. Lowe, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":305465,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/pdf/ofr20151114_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Salt Point to Drakes Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Janet T. Watt, Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Ray W. Sliter"},{"id":305466,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/pdf/ofr20151114_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California By Janet T. Watt, Michael W. Manson, and H. Gary Greene"},{"id":305469,"rank":15,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":399004,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_102082.htm"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 10N","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Point Reyes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.0936,\n 37.9389\n ],\n [\n -123.0936,\n 38.0981\n ],\n [\n -122.8931,\n 38.0981\n ],\n [\n -122.8931,\n 37.9389\n ],\n [\n -123.0936,\n 37.9389\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5593afa7e4b0b6d21dd6821e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":146222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564023,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A. 0000-0002-2442-8787 scochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8787","contributorId":2062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","email":"scochran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564024,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":146222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E. ngolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":140878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","email":"ngolden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Erdey, Mercedes D. merdey@usgs.gov","contributorId":5411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdey","given":"Mercedes","email":"merdey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hartwell, Stephen R. shartwell@usgs.gov","contributorId":140879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"Stephen R.","email":"shartwell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kvitek, Rikk G.","contributorId":107804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"Rikk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Manson, Michael W.","contributorId":48503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manson","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Endris, Charles A.","contributorId":87824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Dieter, Bryan E.","contributorId":108043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Krigsman, Lisa M.","contributorId":43642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krigsman","given":"Lisa M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lowe, Erik eriklowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":140880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"Erik","email":"eriklowe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Chinn, John L.","contributorId":97497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chinn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70148010,"text":"ofr20151093 - 2015 - Assessment of interim flow water-quality data of the San Joaquin River restoration program and implications for fishes, California, 2009-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-29T13:48:16","indexId":"ofr20151093","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-29T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1093","title":"Assessment of interim flow water-quality data of the San Joaquin River restoration program and implications for fishes, California, 2009-11","docAbstract":"After more than 50 years of extensive water diversion for urban and agriculture use, a major settlement was reached among the U.S. Departments of the Interior and Commerce, the Natural Resources Defense Council, and the Friant Water Users Authority in an effort to restore the San Joaquin River. The settlement received Federal court approval in October 2006 and established the San Joaquin River Restoration Program, a multi-agency collaboration between State and Federal agencies to restore and maintain fish populations, including Chinook salmon, in the main stem of the river between Friant Dam and the confluence with the Merced River. This is to be done while avoiding or minimizing adverse water supply effects to all of the Friant Division contractors that could result from restoration flows required by the settlement. The settlement stipulates that water- and sediment-quality data be collected to help assess the restoration goals. This report summarizes and evaluates water-quality data collected in the main stem of the San Joaquin River between Friant Dam and the Merced River by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation for the San Joaquin River Restoration Program during 2009-11. This summary and assessment consider sampling frequency for adequate characterization of variability, sampling locations for sufficient characterization of the San Joaquin River Restoration Program restoration reach, sampling methods for appropriate media (water and sediment), and constituent reporting limits. After reviewing the water- and sediment-quality results for the San Joaquin River Restoration Program, several suggestions were made to the Fisheries Management Work Group, a division of the San Joaquin River Restoration Program that focuses solely on the reintroduction strategies and health of salmon and other native fishes in the river. Water-quality results for lead and total organic carbon exceeded the Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program Basin Plan Objectives for the San Joaquin Basin, and results for copper exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs' aquatic-life chronic and acute benchmarks for invertebrates. One sediment sample contained detections of pyrethroid pesticides bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and total permethrin at concentrations above published chronic toxicity thresholds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151093","usgsCitation":"Wulff, M.L., and Brown, L.R., 2015, Assessment of interim flow water-quality data of the San Joaquin River restoration program and implications for fishes, California, 2009-11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1093, Report: iii, 25; 2 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151093.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 25; 2 Appendices","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-036179","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151093.jpg"},{"id":305420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1093/"},{"id":305421,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1093/pdf/ofr2015-1093.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1093 Report"},{"id":305422,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1093/downloads/ofr2015-1093_appendix_a.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"658 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1093 Appendix A"},{"id":305423,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1093/downloads/ofr2015-1093_appendix_c.xlsx","text":"Appendix C","size":"116 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1093 Appendix C"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.62850952148436,\n 37.45142216912853\n ],\n [\n -120.62850952148436,\n 37.47976234695507\n ],\n [\n -120.47470092773436,\n 37.47976234695507\n ],\n [\n -120.47470092773436,\n 37.45142216912853\n ],\n [\n -120.62850952148436,\n 37.45142216912853\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55925e30e4b0b6d21dd67619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wulff, Marissa L. 0000-0003-0121-9066 mwulff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-9066","contributorId":1719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulff","given":"Marissa","email":"mwulff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148587,"text":"ofr20151112 - 2015 - Geology and assessment of unconventional oil and gas resources of northeastern Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-24T14:57:36","indexId":"ofr20151112","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1112","title":"Geology and assessment of unconventional oil and gas resources of northeastern Mexico","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of State, quantitatively assessed the potential for unconventional oil and gas resources within the onshore portions of the Tampico-Misantla Basin, Burgos Basin, and Sabinas Basin provinces of northeastern Mexico. Unconventional resources of the Veracruz Basin were not quantitatively assessed because of a current lack of required geological information. Unconventional resources include shale gas, shale oil, tight gas, tight oil, and coalbed gas. Undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources were assessed in Mexico in 2012.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151112","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Mexico Assessment Team, 2015, Geology and assessment of unconventional oil and gas resources of northeastern Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1112, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151112.","productDescription":"1 sheet","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059410","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151112.jpg"},{"id":302312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1112/pdf/ofr2015-1112.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":302311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1112/"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Burgos Basin, Sabinas Basin, Tampico-Misantla Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.14111328125,\n 25.918526162075153\n ],\n [\n -97.31689453125,\n 25.3241665257384\n ],\n [\n -97.62451171875,\n 25.264568475331583\n ],\n [\n -97.7783203125,\n 24.10664717920179\n ],\n [\n -97.84423828125,\n 22.553147478403194\n ],\n [\n -97.42675781249999,\n 20.981956742832327\n ],\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 19.993998469485504\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 19.993998469485504\n ],\n [\n -98.1298828125,\n 20.220965779522313\n ],\n [\n -100.08544921874999,\n 22.044913300245675\n ],\n [\n -100.61279296875,\n 23.079731762449878\n ],\n [\n -99.68994140625,\n 23.200960808078566\n ],\n [\n -98.6572265625,\n 23.32208001137843\n ],\n [\n -98.4375,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -99.2724609375,\n 25.005972656239187\n ],\n [\n -100.70068359374999,\n 25.50278454875533\n ],\n [\n -102.83203125,\n 26.47057302237511\n ],\n [\n -103.6669921875,\n 26.80446076654616\n ],\n [\n -103.82080078125,\n 27.89734922968426\n ],\n [\n -103.35937499999999,\n 29.017748018496047\n ],\n [\n -101.14013671875,\n 28.246327971048842\n ],\n [\n -100.81054687499999,\n 28.57487404744697\n ],\n [\n -101.05224609374999,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -100.8984375,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 27.46928747369202\n ],\n [\n -99.11865234374999,\n 26.41155054662258\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 26.07652055985697\n ],\n [\n -97.27294921875,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -97.14111328125,\n 25.918526162075153\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558bc6b1e4b0b6d21dd65292","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Mexico Assessment Team","contributorId":143703,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Mexico Assessment Team","id":548763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70150299,"text":"ofr20151076 - 2015 - Oil-particle interactions and submergence from crude oil spills in marine and freshwater environments: review of the science and future research needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-24T12:45:52","indexId":"ofr20151076","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1076","title":"Oil-particle interactions and submergence from crude oil spills in marine and freshwater environments: review of the science and future research needs","docAbstract":"Oil-particle interactions and oil submergence are of much interest to oil spill responders and scientists, especially as transportation of light and heavy crude oils increases in North America’s coastal marine and freshwater environments. This report contains an up-to-date review of the state of the science for oil-particle aggregates (OPAs), in terms of their formation and stability which may alter the transport, fate, and toxicity of the residual oil and, hence, its level of ecological risk. Operational considerations—detection, containment, and recovery—are discussed.
\nAlthough much is known about oil-particle interactions in coastal marine environments, there remains a need for additional science on methods to detect and quantify the presence of OPAs and to understand their effects on containment and recovery of oil spilled under various temperature regimes and in different aquatic habitats including freshwater environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151076","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., Boufadel, M.C., Johnson, R., Lee, K.W., Graan, T.P., Bejarano, A.C., Zhu, Z., Waterman, D., Capone, D.M., Hayter, E., Hamilton, S.K., Dekker, T., Garcia, M., and Hassan, J.S., 2015, Oil-particle interactions and submergence from crude oil spills in marine and freshwater environments: review of the science and future research needs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1076, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151076.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059436","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151076.jpg"},{"id":302288,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1076/pdf/ofr2015-1076.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.49 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":302287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1076/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558bc6b2e4b0b6d21dd65298","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. 0000-0002-9748-7075 fafitzpa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":127794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith A.","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":556667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boufadel, Michael C.","contributorId":143663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boufadel","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":15288,"text":"Center for Natural Resources Development and Protection, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark NJ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Rex","contributorId":104374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Rex","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Kenneth W.","contributorId":16099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Graan, Thomas P.","contributorId":97021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graan","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bejarano, Adriana C.","contributorId":143667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bejarano","given":"Adriana","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":15292,"text":"Research Planning, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhu, Zhenduo","contributorId":83828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhenduo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Waterman, David","contributorId":143664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waterman","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":15289,"text":"University of Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Capone, Daniel M.","contributorId":64167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capone","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hayter, Earl","contributorId":143665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayter","given":"Earl","affiliations":[{"id":15290,"text":"USACE, Coastal and Hydraulic Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hamilton, Stephen K.","contributorId":143690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Dekker, Timothy","contributorId":143666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dekker","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":15291,"text":"Limno Tech, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Garcia, Marcelo H.","contributorId":74236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Marcelo H.","affiliations":[{"id":33106,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hassan, Jacob S.","contributorId":143668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassan","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":15293,"text":"USEPA Region V","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70148599,"text":"ofr20151116 - 2015 - NGA-West 2 GMPE average site coefficients for use in earthquake-resistant design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-22T11:48:07","indexId":"ofr20151116","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-22T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1116","title":"NGA-West 2 GMPE average site coefficients for use in earthquake-resistant design","docAbstract":"Site coefficients corresponding to those in tables 11.4–1 and 11.4–2 of Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures published by the American Society of Civil Engineers (Standard ASCE/SEI 7-10) are derived from four of the Next Generation Attenuation West2 (NGA-W2) Ground-Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs). The resulting coefficients are compared with those derived by other researchers and those derived from the NGA-West1 database. The derivation of the NGA-W2 average site coefficients provides a simple procedure to update site coefficients with each update in the Maximum Considered Earthquake Response MCER maps. The simple procedure yields average site coefficients consistent with those derived for site-specific design purposes. The NGA-W2 GMPEs provide simple scale factors to reduce conservatism in current simplified design procedures.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151116","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., 2015, NGA-West 2 GMPE average site coefficients for use in earthquake-resistant design: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1116, v, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151116.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062975","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151116.gif"},{"id":301551,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1116/pdf/ofr2015-1116.pdf","text":"Report","size":"346 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301550,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1116/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558923a4e4b0b6d21dd61a49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70146883,"text":"ofr20151079 - 2015 - Carbon dioxide storage in unconventional reservoirs workshop: summary of recommendations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-17T09:31:13","indexId":"ofr20151079","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-17T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1079","title":"Carbon dioxide storage in unconventional reservoirs workshop: summary of recommendations","docAbstract":"“Unconventional reservoirs” for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage—that is, geologic reservoirs in which changes to the rock trap CO2 and therefore contribute to CO2 storage—including coal, shale, basalt, and ultramafic rocks, were the focus of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) workshop held March 28 and 29, 2012, at the National Conservation Training Center in Shepherdstown, West Virginia. The goals of the workshop were to determine whether a detailed assessment of CO2 storage capacity in unconventional reservoirs is warranted, and if so, to build a set of recommendations that could be used to develop a methodology to assess this storage capacity. Such an assessment would address only the technically available resource, independent of economic or policy factors. At the end of the workshop, participants agreed that sufficient knowledge exists to allow an assessment of the potential CO2 storage resource in coals, organic-rich shales, and basalts. More work remains to be done before the storage resource in ultramafic rocks can be meaningfully assessed.
\nIn order to assess the CO2 storage capacity of coals and organic-rich shales, the workshop participants agreed that the following several factors are key: sorption mechanisms and capacity, pore fluid composition and saturation, thermal maturity, formation thickness, and whether hydrocarbons have been extracted from the formation previously (for example, by enhanced gas or oil recovery).
\nIn order to assess the CO2 storage capacity of basalts, the workshop participants agreed that key factors include temperature, pressure, pH, water chemistry, mineral chemistry, organic content, mineralogy, porosity, permeability, relative permeabilities, and CO2 phase.
\nThe storage capacity for all unconventional reservoirs may be modeled using a volumetric equation starting with the extent of the rock unit and adjusted using these key factors and reaction terms. The ideas that were developed during this workshop can be used by USGS scientists to develop a methodology to assess the CO2 storage resource in unconventional reservoirs. This methodology could then be released for public comment and peer review. After completing this development process, the USGS could then use the methodology to assess the CO2 storage resource in unconventional reservoirs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151079","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.B., and Blondes, M., 2015, Carbon dioxide storage in unconventional reservoirs workshop: summary of recommendations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1079, iii, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151079.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059685","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301263,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1079/pdf/ofr2015-1079.pdf","text":"Report","size":"213 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151079.jpg"},{"id":301262,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1079/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55828c20e4b023124e8f3f96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Kevin B. 0000-0002-6386-2623 kevinjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-2623","contributorId":565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Kevin","email":"kevinjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148337,"text":"ofr20151062 - 2015 - Framework for a hydrologic climate-response network in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-17T09:22:03","indexId":"ofr20151062","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-17T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1062","title":"Framework for a hydrologic climate-response network in New England","docAbstract":"Many climate-related hydrologic variables in New England have changed in the past century, and many are expected to change during the next century. It is important to understand and monitor these changes because they can affect human water supply, hydroelectric power generation, transportation infrastructure, and stream and riparian ecology. This report describes a framework for hydrologic monitoring in New England by means of a climate-response network. The framework identifies specific inland hydrologic variables that are sensitive to climate variation; identifies geographic regions with similar hydrologic responses; proposes a fixed-station monitoring network composed of existing streamflow, groundwater, lake ice, snowpack, and meteorological data-collection stations for evaluation of hydrologic response to climate variation; and identifies streamflow basins for intensive, process-based studies and for estimates of future hydrologic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151062","usgsCitation":"Lent, R.M., Hodgkins, G.A., Dudley, R.W., and Schalk, L., 2015, Framework for a hydrologic climate-response network in New England: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1062, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151062.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058608","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151062.jpg"},{"id":301243,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1062/"},{"id":301258,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1062/pdf/ofr2015-1062.pdf","text":"Report","size":"24.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Conecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.6578369140625,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -73.7347412109375,\n 41.09591205639546\n ],\n [\n -73.4930419921875,\n 41.22411753058293\n ],\n [\n -73.553466796875,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -73.4930419921875,\n 42.04113400940809\n ],\n [\n -73.5150146484375,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -73.27880859375,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -73.30078125,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -73.45458984375,\n 43.628123412124616\n ],\n [\n -73.47656249999999,\n 44.15068115978091\n ],\n [\n -73.41064453125,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -73.45458984375,\n 44.63739123445585\n ],\n [\n -73.4326171875,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -71.54296874999999,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -71.43310546875,\n 45.321254361171476\n ],\n [\n -70.8837890625,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -70.72998046875,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -70.29052734375,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -70.3564453125,\n 46.2102496001872\n ],\n [\n -70.09277343749999,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -70.048828125,\n 46.694667307773116\n ],\n [\n -69.2138671875,\n 47.44294999517949\n ],\n [\n -68.97216796875,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -68.994140625,\n 47.26432008025478\n ],\n [\n -68.8623046875,\n 47.18971246448421\n ],\n [\n -68.31298828125,\n 47.35371061951363\n ],\n [\n -67.78564453125,\n 46.99524110694596\n ],\n [\n -67.82958984375,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -67.412109375,\n 45.598665689820656\n ],\n [\n -67.4560546875,\n 45.27488643704894\n ],\n [\n -67.21435546875,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -66.90673828125,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -69.3896484375,\n 43.94537239244209\n ],\n [\n -70.09277343749999,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n -70.83984375,\n 42.87596410238254\n ],\n [\n -70.59814453125,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -70.55419921875,\n 42.114523952464246\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -70.224609375,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -70.3125,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -70.07080078125,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -69.85107421874999,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -69.8291015625,\n 41.19518982948959\n ],\n [\n -70.8837890625,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -71.279296875,\n 41.42625319507272\n ],\n [\n -71.87255859375,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -72.6416015625,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -73.10302734375,\n 41.16211393939692\n ],\n [\n -73.6578369140625,\n 40.98819156349393\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55828c22e4b023124e8f3fa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lent, Robert M. rmlent@usgs.gov","contributorId":284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"Robert","email":"rmlent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schalk, Luther 0000-0003-3957-1794 lschalk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-1794","contributorId":4366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Luther","email":"lschalk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148016,"text":"ofr20151098 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Salt Point, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:29:14.829189","indexId":"ofr20151098","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-17T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1098","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Salt Point, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Salt Point map area is located in northern California, about 110 km north of San Francisco and 50 km south of Point Arena. The map area includes three California Marine Protected Areas: the southern portion of the Stewarts Point State Marine Reserve, the Salt Point State Marine Conservation Area, and the Gerstle Cove State Marine Reserve. The coast and shoreline are rugged and scenic, characterized by rocky promontories, steep bluffs capped by bare to forested marine terraces, kelp-rich coves, and nearshore rocks and pinnacles. The largely undeveloped onshore part of the map area is used primarily for grazing and recreation. U.S. Highway 1 extends along the coast through the map area, passing through Salt Point State Park, Kruse Rhododendron State Natural Reserve, and Stillwater Cove Regional Park. Sandy beaches are uncommon, present only in relatively protected coves.
\nThe seafloor in the map area extends from the shoreline to water depths of about 90 to 100 m. The nearshore to inner shelf area (to water depths of about 50 to 60 m) typically dips seaward about 1.0° to 1.5° and is underlain by bedrock and sand-sized to coarser grained sediment. The midshelf, underlain predominantly by muddy sediments, slopes more gently (less than 0.5°). Surficial and shallow sediments were deposited in the last about 21,000 years during the approximately 125-m sea-level rise that followed the last major lowstand associated with the Last Glacial Maximum, at which time the entire Offshore of Salt Point map area was emergent and the shoreline was about 20 km west of the present-day shoreline.
\nTectonic influences that impact the shelf morphology and geology in the map area are related to local faulting, folding, uplift, and subsidence. The onshore part of the map area is cut by the northwest-striking San Andreas Fault—the right-lateral transform boundary between the North American and Pacific tectonic plates with an estimated slip rate of about 17 to 25 mm/yr in this area. The region between Fort Ross and Point Arena, west of the San Andreas Fault, is the known as the “Gualala Block” on the basis of its distinctive geology. The Gualala Block consists of a thick, discontinuous Upper Cretaceous to Miocene stratigraphic section, however, only the submarine fan deposits of the Paleocene and Eocene German Rancho Formation are exposed along the coast in the Offshore of Salt Point map area. The German Rancho Formation also forms all of the rugged seafloor bedrock outcrops in the map area. The western boundary of the Gualala Block lies 3 to 5 km offshore, perhaps at the shore-parallel Gualala Fault. High-resolution seismic-reflection data reveal shallow folding and faulting in inferred upper Pleistocene strata along the Gualala Fault trend, suggesting this structure is now or has been recently active. The last ground rupture in the map area occurred during the devastating great 1906 California earthquake (M7.8, 4/18/1906), thought to have nucleated on the San Andreas Fault about 100 kilometers to the south offshore of San Francisco.
\nCirculation over the continental shelf in the map area is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific Gyre. Associated upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, resulting in high biological productivity. The current flow generally is southeastward during the spring and summer; however, during the fall and winter, the otherwise persistent northwest winds are sometimes weak or absent, causing the California Current to move farther offshore and the Davidson Current, a weaker, northward-flowing countercurrent, to become active.
\nThroughout the year, this part of the central California coast is exposed to four wave climate regimes: the north Pacific swell, the southern swell, northwest wind waves, and local wind waves. The north Pacific swell dominates in winter months, with wave heights at offshore buoys ranging from 2 to 10 m and wave periods ranging from 10 to 25 s. During summer months, the largest waves come from the southern swell, generated by storms in the south Pacific and offshore Central America. Characteristically, these swells have smaller wave heights (0.3 to 3 m) and similarly long periods (range 10 to 25 s). Northwest wind waves affect the coast throughout the year, while local wind waves are most common from October to April. These two wind-wave regimes typically have wave heights of 1 to 4 m and short periods (3 to 10 s).
\nPotential marine benthic habitats in the Offshore of Salt Point map area include unconsolidated continental shelf sediments, mixed continental shelf substrate, and hard continental shelf substrate. Rocky-shelf outcrops and rubble are considered to be promising potential habitats for rockfish and lingcod, both of which are recreationally and commercially important species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151098","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Golden, N., Hartwell, S., Erdey, M.D., Greene, H., Cochrane, G.R., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M., Endris, C.A., Dieter, B.E., Watt, J., Krigsman, L.M., Sliter, R.W., Lowe, E.N., and Chinn, J.L., 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Salt Point, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1098, Pamphlet: iv, 37 p.; 10 Sheets: 52 x 36 inches or smaller; Metadata, Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151098.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 37 p.; 10 Sheets: 52 x 36 inches or smaller; Metadata, Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057589","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151098.jpg"},{"id":399001,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_102031.htm"},{"id":301255,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/pdf/ofr20151098_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Salt Point Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Salt Point to Drakes Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Janet T. Watt (45.5\" x 36\", 6.8 MB)"},{"id":301256,"rank":12,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/pdf/ofr20151098_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Salt Point Map Area, California By Stephen R. Hartwell, Samuel Y. Johnson, and Michael W. Manson (47\" x 36\", 12.8 MB)"},{"id":301261,"rank":14,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSaltPoint/data_catalog_OffshoreSaltPoint.html","text":"Data Catalog - Offshore Salt Point and Vicinity, California","description":"Data Catalog - Offshore Salt Point and Vicinity, California","linkHelpText":"Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":301249,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/pdf/ofr20151098_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Salt Point Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Mercedes D. Erdey, and Rikk G. Kvitek (39\" x 36\", 19.4 MB)"},{"id":301253,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/pdf/ofr20151098_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Salt Point Map Area, California By Charles A. Endris, H. Gary Greene, Bryan E. Dieter, Mercedes D. Erdey, and Erik N. Lowe (46\" x 36\", 6.2 MB)"},{"id":301254,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/pdf/ofr20151098_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Salt Point Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Ray W. Sliter, Stephen R. Hartwell, and John L. Chin (52\" x 36\", 21.1 MB)"},{"id":301250,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/pdf/ofr20151098_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Salt Point Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell (46\" x 36\", 12.8 MB)"},{"id":301251,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/pdf/ofr20151098_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Salt Point Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane (46\" x 36\", 20.8 MB)"},{"id":301252,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/pdf/ofr20151098_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Salt Point Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman (46\" x 36\", 24 MB)"},{"id":301236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/"},{"id":301246,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/pdf/ofr20151098_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"},{"id":301248,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/pdf/ofr20151098_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Salt Point Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek (39\" x 36\", 19 MB)"},{"id":301247,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/pdf/ofr20151098_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Salt Point Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek (39\" x 36\", 16.7 MB)"},{"id":301260,"rank":13,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/ofr20151098_metadata.html","text":"Metadata","description":"Metadata"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Salt Point","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.4794,\n 38.48\n ],\n [\n -123.2781,\n 38.48\n ],\n [\n -123.2781,\n 38.6394\n ],\n [\n -123.4794,\n 38.6394\n ],\n [\n -123.4794,\n 38.48\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55828c1fe4b023124e8f3f94","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548789,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A. 0000-0002-2442-8787 scochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8787","contributorId":2062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","email":"scochran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548790,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E. ngolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":140878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","email":"ngolden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartwell, Stephen R. shartwell@usgs.gov","contributorId":140879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"Stephen R.","email":"shartwell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Erdey, Mercedes D. merdey@usgs.gov","contributorId":5411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdey","given":"Mercedes","email":"merdey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kvitek, Rikk G.","contributorId":107804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"Rikk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Manson, Michael W.","contributorId":48503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manson","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Endris, Charles A.","contributorId":87824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dieter, Bryan E.","contributorId":108043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":146222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Krigsman, Lisa M.","contributorId":140757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krigsman","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lowe, Erik N. eriklowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":5288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"Erik","email":"eriklowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Chinn, John L.","contributorId":97497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chinn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70148563,"text":"ofr20141237 - 2015 - Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, water year 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T18:40:25","indexId":"ofr20141237","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-15T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1237","title":"Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, water year 2014","docAbstract":"An analysis of total-dissolved-gas (TDG) and water-temperature data collected at eight fixed monitoring stations on the lower Columbia River in Oregon and Washington in water year 2014 indicated the following:
\nPark management of the Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, in northwestern California, identified a critical need to determine if mercury (Hg) or other elements originating from abandoned mines within the Upper Clear Creek watershed were present at concentrations that might adversely affect aquatic biota living within the park. During 2002–03, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, collected aquatic invertebrates, amphibians, and fish, and analyzed them for Hg, cadmium, zinc, copper, and other metals and trace elements. The data from the biota, in conjunction with data from concurrent community bioassessments, habitat analyses, water quality, and concentrations of metals and trace elements in water and sediment, were used to identify contamination “hot spots.”
\nIn 2002, we selected collection sites within the study area based on the presence of historical mines and results from sampling of bed sediment in 2001. In 2003, collection sites were selected based on sediment data as well as data on water and biota from this study in 2002. Eleven sites were sampled in both 2002 and 2003, 11 sites were sampled only in 2002, and 14 sites were sampled only in 2003.
\nComparisons of sites within the Upper Clear Creek watershed indicated that most of the more contaminated sites were outside of the park boundaries, especially at sites within the French Gulch, Cline Gulch, and Whiskey Creek watersheds. The site with the highest overall contamination within the park, based on both fish and invertebrate data, was WLCC, a site on Willow Creek impacted by acid mine drainage and listed as impaired under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act.
\nCompared with other recently evaluated mine-impacted watersheds in northern California, invertebrates, amphibians, and fish from sites within the Upper Clear Creek watershed tended to have significantly lower concentrations of Hg than at most other sites. For other metals and trace elements, Upper Clear Creek sites were only compared with the Deer Creek watershed, Nevada County, California. Copper from both Willow Creek sites (WLCC and WLTH) in the Clear Creek watershed was the only metal with concentrations in biota that were significantly higher than biota from Deer Creek
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151077","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Hothem, R.L., May, J.T., Gibson, J.K., and Brussee, B.E., 2015, Concentrations of metals and trace elements in aquatic biota associated with abandoned mine lands in the Whiskeytown National Recreation Area and nearby Clear Creek watershed, Shasta County, northwestern California, 2002-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1077, Report: x, 64 p.; 6 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151077.","productDescription":"Report: x, 64 p.; 6 Appendices","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-062279","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151077.jpg"},{"id":301206,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1077/download/ofr2015-1077_appendix6.xlsx","text":"Appendix 6. Metals and trace elements in individual and composite samples of riffle sculpin, rainbow trout, and California roach","size":"87 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 6. Metals and trace elements in individual and composite samples of riffle sculpin, rainbow trout, and California roach"},{"id":301205,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1077/download/ofr2015-1077_appendix5.xlsx","text":"Appendix 5. Metals and trace elements in individual bullfrogs, Pacific chorus frogs, and foothill yellow-legged frogs","size":"50 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 5. Metals and trace elements in individual bullfrogs, Pacific chorus frogs, and foothill yellow-legged frogs"},{"id":301199,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1077/"},{"id":301200,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1077/pdf/ofr20151077.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301201,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1077/download/ofr2015-1077_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1. Metals and trace elements in invertebrate composites","size":"45 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1. Metals and trace elements in invertebrate composites"},{"id":301202,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1077/download/ofr2015-1077_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3. Metals and trace elements in filtered and raw water samples","size":"52 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 3. Metals and trace elements in filtered and raw water samples"},{"id":301203,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1077/download/ofr2015-1077_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2. Water-quality parameters","size":"79 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2. Water-quality parameters"},{"id":301204,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1077/download/ofr2015-1077_appendix4.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4. Metals and trace elements in sediment samples","size":"115 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 4. Metals and trace elements in sediment samples"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Shasta County","otherGeospatial":"Whiskeytown National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.92053222656249,\n 40.45948689837198\n ],\n [\n -122.92053222656249,\n 41.072104440201606\n ],\n [\n -122.01141357421875,\n 41.072104440201606\n ],\n [\n -122.01141357421875,\n 40.45948689837198\n ],\n [\n -122.92053222656249,\n 40.45948689837198\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557bf4a5e4b023124e8edde5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112 jasonmay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason","email":"jasonmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibson, Jennifer K.","contributorId":140892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7237,"text":"NPS, Olympic National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brussee, Brianne E. 0000-0002-2452-7101 bbrussee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-7101","contributorId":4249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brussee","given":"Brianne","email":"bbrussee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148417,"text":"ofr20151111 - 2015 - First steps of integrated spatial modeling of titanium, zirconium, and rare earth element resources within the Coastal Plain sediments of the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-12T09:37:02","indexId":"ofr20151111","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-12T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1111","title":"First steps of integrated spatial modeling of titanium, zirconium, and rare earth element resources within the Coastal Plain sediments of the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"The Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States has extensive, unconsolidated sedimentary deposits that are enriched in heavy minerals containing titanium, zirconium, and rare earth element resources. Areas favorable for exploration and development of these resources are being identified by geochemical data, which are supplemented with geological, geophysical, hydrological, and geographical data. The first steps of this analysis have been completed. The concentrations of lanthanum, yttrium, and titanium tend to decrease as distance from the Piedmont (which is the likely source of these resources) increases and are moderately correlated with airborne measurements of equivalent thorium concentration. The concentrations of lanthanum, yttrium, and titanium are relatively high in those watersheds that adjoin the Piedmont, south of the Cape Fear Arch. Although this relation suggests that the concentrations are related to the watersheds, it may be simply an independent regional trend. The concentration of zirconium is unrelated to the distance from the Piedmont, the equivalent thorium concentration, and the watershed. These findings establish a foundation for more sophisticated analyses using integrated spatial modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151111","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J., Van Gosen, B.S., Fey, D.L., Budahn, J.R., Smith, S.M., and Shah, A.K., 2015, First steps of integrated spatial modeling of titanium, zirconium, and rare earth element resources within the Coastal Plain sediments of the southeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1111, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151111.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","startPage":"40","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063270","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151111.jpg"},{"id":301159,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1111/"},{"id":301174,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1111/pdf/ofr2015-1111.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 25.12539261151203\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 25.18505888358067\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 26.843677401113002\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 30.41078179084589\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 31.914867503276223\n ],\n [\n -79.189453125,\n 33.22949814144951\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -76.37695312499999,\n 34.867904962568716\n ],\n [\n -75.43212890625,\n 35.29943548054545\n ],\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 36.721273880045004\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 37.474858084971046\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -74.90478515625,\n 38.976492485539424\n ],\n [\n -74.42138671875,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -73.89404296875,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -74.267578125,\n 40.53050177574321\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -77.255859375,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -78.64013671875,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -80.7275390625,\n 34.831841149828655\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -85.14404296875,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -87.56103515625,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -88.2861328125,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 35.8356283888737\n ],\n [\n -90.10986328125,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 34.687427949314845\n ],\n [\n -90.54931640625,\n 34.470335121217495\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 34.016241889667015\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 32.32427558887655\n ],\n [\n -91.318359375,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -91.5380859375,\n 31.409912194070973\n ],\n [\n -91.60400390625,\n 31.034108344903512\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 31.015278981711266\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 29.973970240516614\n ],\n [\n -89.36279296875,\n 30.35391637229704\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -85.18798828125,\n 29.66896252599253\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -83.60595703125,\n 29.859701442126756\n ],\n [\n -83.29833984375,\n 29.34387539941801\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -82.59521484375,\n 28.497660832963472\n ],\n [\n -82.85888671875,\n 28.07198030177986\n ],\n [\n -82.72705078125,\n 27.566721430409707\n ],\n [\n -82.24365234375,\n 26.78484736105119\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 26.62781822639305\n ],\n [\n -81.71630859375,\n 26.05678288577881\n ],\n [\n -81.54052734375,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 25.62171595984575\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 25.12539261151203\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557bf4a9e4b023124e8edde9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":548595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Steven M. 0000-0003-3591-5377 smsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377","contributorId":1460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"smsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shah, Anjana K. 0000-0002-3198-081X ashah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":2297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Anjana","email":"ashah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":57210,"text":"ofr9416 - 2015 - Geologic map of the Julian 7.5' quadrangle, San Diego County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-07T20:54:55.742707","indexId":"ofr9416","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-10T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-16","title":"Geologic map of the Julian 7.5' quadrangle, San Diego County, California","docAbstract":"The Julian 7.5' quadrangle lies within the Jurassic-Cretaceous Peninsular Ranges batholith of southern California and Baja California. Four granitic plutonic units and one gabbroic unit, most comprising a number of individual plutons, have been mapped in the Julian quadrangle and informal names have been assigned. The formal name Cuyamaca Gabbro has been retained. In addition to these plutonic units, metasedimentary and minor metavolcanic rocks occur in steeply dipping tabular bodies, or screens, within and between plutons.
\nJurassic plutons in the Julian quadrangle underwent synkinematic metamorphism with the result that plutonic contacts and foliation are concordant with those in the surrounding metamorphosed country rocks. Foliation in Jurassic plutons consists of the planar orientation of recrystallized mineral grains and aggregates; deformation textures include augen gneiss, mylonitic gneiss, and mylonite. Structural studies indicate that a significant part of this deformation took place in the Cretaceous and, therefore, the regional foliation in this part of the batholith clearly postdates intrusion of many Cretaceous plutons.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9416","usgsCitation":"Todd, V., 2015, Geologic map of the Julian 7.5' quadrangle, San Diego County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-16, Pamphlet: ii, 18 p.; 1 Plate: 31.99 × 32.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database; Shapefile, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9416.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: ii, 18 p.; 1 Plate: 31.99 × 32.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database; Shapefile","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr9416.jpg"},{"id":398355,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_103698.htm"},{"id":301122,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0016/downloads/ofr94-16_readme.txt","text":"Readme","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Readme"},{"id":301121,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0016/pdf/ofr94-16_map.pdf","text":"Map","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map"},{"id":301120,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0016/pdf/ofr94-16_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"},{"id":301119,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0016/"},{"id":301128,"rank":10,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0016/downloads/topo_base_Julian.tif","text":"Julian 7.5' quadrangle topographic map","description":"Julian 7.5' quadrangle topographic map"},{"id":301127,"rank":9,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0016/downloads/Julian.style","text":"ESRI Styles","description":"ESRI Styles"},{"id":301126,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0016/downloads/ofr94-16_shape.zip","text":"Shapefile","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Shapefile"},{"id":301125,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0016/downloads/ofr94-16_database.zip","text":"Database","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Database","linkHelpText":"ESRI ArcGIS 10.2 File Geodatabase"},{"id":301124,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0016/downloads/ofr94-16_metadata.xml","text":"Metadata","description":"Metadata"},{"id":301123,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0016/downloads/ofr94-16_metadata.txt","text":"Metadata","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Metadata"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","otherGeospatial":"Julian quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.72973632812499,\n 32.95797741405952\n ],\n [\n -116.72973632812499,\n 33.17664043594348\n ],\n [\n -116.51550292968749,\n 33.17664043594348\n ],\n [\n -116.51550292968749,\n 32.95797741405952\n ],\n [\n -116.72973632812499,\n 32.95797741405952\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557951b2e4b032353cc173f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Victoria R.","contributorId":87544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Victoria R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148001,"text":"ofr20151085 - 2015 - Simulation of nitrogen attenuation in a subterranean estuary, representative of the southern coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-09T14:59:54","indexId":"ofr20151085","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-09T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1085","title":"Simulation of nitrogen attenuation in a subterranean estuary, representative of the southern coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional model was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to assess flow and chemical reaction associated with groundwater discharge through the subterranean estuary representative of coastal salt ponds of southern Cape Cod. The model simulated both the freshwater and saltwater flow systems and accounted for density-dependent flow, tidal fluctuation, and chemical reactivity among oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, nitrate, and ammonia. Not previously incorporated into one model, the interaction of these effects can now be simulated in the subterranean estuary context.
\nAn analysis of the flow system under mean-tide conditions was conducted first to provide the initial conditions for a subsequent analysis that included the effects of tidal fluctuations. Tidal fluctuations were simulated with a repeated couplet that represented a high tide-low tide sequence and alternating locations of head-dependent flux boundaries placed along the simulated seabed, above and below the levels of the respective high and low tides.
\nBoundary conditions for chemical species included nitrate in recharge, and oxygen and organic matter (including organic nitrogen) in infiltrating solutions of head-dependent boundaries. Reaction chemistry was limited to oxidative degradation of organic matter (including remineralization of ammonia) with oxygen or nitrate as electron acceptors and nitrification of ammonia in the presence of oxygen.
\nSimulations using the SEAWAT-2000 computer program resulted in two mixing zones-between freshwater and saltwater in a deep saltwater wedge and in an intertidal salt zone, which results from tidal fluctuation. The mixing zones are the principal locations where nitrogen attenuation reactions occurred-between organic matter in the saltwater zones of the aquifer and nitrate in the freshwater zone.
\nIn mean-tide PHT3D model simulations, 15 percent of nitrogen that is recharged was attenuated because of reaction with dissolved organic matter, a denitrification reaction that reduces nitrate to nitrogen gas. When a fluctuating tide was simulated, the amount of recharged nitrogen that was denitrified increased to 20 percent.
\nChemical reaction was controlled by the rate of mixing of freshwater and saltwater, which contained the reactants nitrate and dissolved organic matter, respectively, necessary for nitrogen attenuation reactions to take place. Reaction occurred in both the deep saltwater wedge and in an increased denitrification. However, mixing may also have been enhanced partly by numerical dispersion.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151085","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Colman, J.A., Carlson, C.S., and Robinson, C., 2015, Simulation of nitrogen attenuation in a subterranean estuary, representative of the southern coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1085, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151085.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056161","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151085.jpg"},{"id":301098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1085/"},{"id":301099,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1085/pdf/ofr2015-1085.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1085 Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.5377197265625,\n 41.80203073088394\n ],\n [\n -70.477294921875,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -70.29052734375,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -70.235595703125,\n 41.74467659677642\n ],\n [\n -70.191650390625,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -70.02685546875,\n 41.79384042311992\n ],\n [\n -70.01312255859375,\n 41.87365126992505\n ],\n [\n -70.0762939453125,\n 41.89205502378826\n ],\n [\n -70.0872802734375,\n 41.98807738309159\n ],\n [\n -70.14770507812499,\n 42.05541092308216\n ],\n [\n -70.24383544921875,\n 42.0227732629691\n ],\n [\n -70.26031494140625,\n 42.0615286181226\n ],\n [\n -70.1971435546875,\n 42.08191667830631\n ],\n [\n -70.13397216796875,\n 42.07783959017503\n ],\n [\n -70.0653076171875,\n 42.05745022024682\n ],\n [\n -69.99114990234375,\n 41.97991089691236\n ],\n [\n -69.96368408203125,\n 41.900232768420246\n ],\n [\n -69.9224853515625,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -69.93072509765625,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -69.9664306640625,\n 41.60312076451184\n ],\n [\n -69.98565673828125,\n 41.539421883822854\n ],\n [\n -70.01312255859375,\n 41.53736603550382\n ],\n [\n -70.02685546875,\n 41.5579215778042\n ],\n [\n -69.98565673828125,\n 41.64213096472801\n ],\n [\n -70.0103759765625,\n 41.66470503009207\n ],\n [\n -70.16693115234375,\n 41.64213096472801\n ],\n [\n -70.27679443359375,\n 41.599013054830216\n ],\n [\n -70.32073974609375,\n 41.61749568924243\n ],\n [\n -70.3564453125,\n 41.6257084937525\n ],\n [\n -70.36468505859375,\n 41.61338889474735\n ],\n [\n -70.43609619140624,\n 41.599013054830216\n ],\n [\n -70.46356201171875,\n 41.55997677258171\n ],\n [\n -70.53497314453125,\n 41.53736603550382\n ],\n [\n -70.61737060546875,\n 41.53736603550382\n ],\n [\n -70.653076171875,\n 41.51474739095224\n ],\n [\n -70.67779541015624,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -70.6475830078125,\n 41.572306568724365\n ],\n [\n -70.65582275390625,\n 41.6257084937525\n ],\n [\n -70.66131591796875,\n 41.64623592868676\n ],\n [\n -70.67230224609375,\n 41.68522004222073\n ],\n [\n -70.63934326171875,\n 41.72213058512578\n ],\n [\n -70.5377197265625,\n 41.80203073088394\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5578001fe4b032353cbeb6b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, John A. 0000-0001-9327-0779 jacolman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-0779","contributorId":2098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"John","email":"jacolman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Carl S. 0000-0001-7142-3519 cscarlso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-3519","contributorId":1694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Carl","email":"cscarlso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, C.","contributorId":70586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70147956,"text":"ofr20151092 - 2015 - Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: abstract volume, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-08T14:04:53","indexId":"ofr20151092","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-08T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1092","title":"Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: abstract volume, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015","docAbstract":"Limnogeology is the study of modern lakes and lake deposits in the geologic record. Limnogeologists have been active since the 1800s, but interest in limnogeology became prevalent in the early 1990s when it became clear that lake deposits contain continental environmental and climate records. A society that is focused on limnogeology would allow greater communication and access to research on these important subjects and contribute to providing sound science used to understand rapid global changes in our modern world; thus, the International Association of Limnogeology was founded in 1995 at the first International Limnogeology Congress (ILIC) held in Copenhagen, Denmark.
\nThe Sixth International Limnogeology Congress (ILIC6) was held in Reno, Nevada, from June 15–19, 2015. The ILIC meetings have been held every 4 years since the first meeting in1995 and were subsequently convened in Brest, France (1999), Tucson, Arizona, USA (2003), Barcelona, Spain (2007), and Konstanz, Germany (2011). The Congress in Reno, USA marks the second time the Congress has been held in the United States and more than 150 scientists from every part of the world participated. About one-half of the participants were from North America, together with scientists from Europe, South America, Asia, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The format of the Reno Congress followed the format originated at the Tucson Congress (ILIC3), which is unusual for scientific meetings. Nine keynote speakers spread throughout the Congress gave 1-hour talks, with the rest of the time available for viewing posters that were presented by the bulk of the participants. Keynote presentations were diverse and showed the breadth of research that is being done in lake systems worldwide. The abstracts of the keynote speakers and about 140 poster presentations are included in this volume. These posters cover a variety of limnologic, paleolimnologic, and limnogeologic topics including contaminant histories of lakes, the role of groundwater in lake processes, the formation of minerals in lake sediments, terminal lakes, how lakes reveal climate changes and paleohydrologic processes, the impact of volcanic emissions on lakes, as well as the biologic and chemical evolution of lake systems.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey has sponsored each ILIC that has been held in the United States because of the importance of understanding paleoclimate and contaminant histories of lakes, two main themes of the Congress. This volume provides a permanent record of the wide variety of studies that are being conducted in modern lakes and ancient lake deposits worldwide, and it provides a stepping stone for any one desiring further discussion of the work that was presented at ILIC6.
","conferenceTitle":"Sixth International Limnogeology Congress","conferenceDate":"June 15-19, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Association of Limnogeology","usgsCitation":"2015, Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: abstract volume, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1092, vi, 244 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151092.","productDescription":"vi, 244 p.","numberOfPages":"254","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064519","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151092.jpg"},{"id":301076,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1092/"},{"id":301078,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151108","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1108","description":"Open-File Report 2015-1108","linkHelpText":"Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: field trip guidebook, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015"},{"id":301077,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1092/pdf/ofr2015-1092.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5576ae9ae4b032353cb4a449","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548310,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, Andrew S.","contributorId":100989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548311,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, Matthew","contributorId":140654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirby","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":13544,"text":"California State University, Fullerton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548312,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gierlowski-Kordesch, Elizabeth","contributorId":140655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gierlowski-Kordesch","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12807,"text":"Ohio University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548313,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Starratt, Scott W. 0000-0001-9405-1746 sstarrat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-1746","contributorId":2891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"Scott","email":"sstarrat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548314,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Valero Garces, Blas L.","contributorId":140656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valero Garces","given":"Blas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13545,"text":"Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología-CSIC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548315,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Varekamp, Johan","contributorId":140657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varekamp","given":"Johan","affiliations":[{"id":13546,"text":"Wesleyan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548316,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70148286,"text":"ofr20151108 - 2015 - Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: field trip guidebook, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-08T11:58:36","indexId":"ofr20151108","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-08T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1108","title":"Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: field trip guidebook, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015","docAbstract":"Limnogeology is the study of modern lakes and lake deposits in the geologic record. Limnogeologists have been active since the 1800s, but interest in Limnogeology became prevalent in the early 1990s when it became clear that lake deposits contain continental environmental and climate records. A society that is focused on Limnogeology would allow greater communication and access to research on these important subjects and contribute to providing sound science used to understand rapid global changes in our modern world; thus the International Association of Limnogeology was founded in 1995 at the first International Limnogeology Congress (ILIC) held in Copenhagen, Denmark.
\nThe Sixth International Limnogeology Congress (ILIC6) was held in Reno, Nevada, from June 15–19, 2015. The ILIC meetings have been held every 4 years since the first meeting in1995 and were subsequently convened in Brest, France (1999), Tucson, USA (2003), Barcelona, Spain (2007), and Konstanz, Germany (2011). The Congress in Reno, USA marks the second time the Congress has been held in the United States and more than 150 scientists from every part of the world participated.
\nAs part of the Congress, ILIC6 included pre- and post- Congress field trips, the descriptions of which are included as separate trips in this Open-File Report. Trip 1 provides information on the pluvial and post-glacial Lakes of the eastern Great Basin, led by Paul Jewell, University of Utah, Ben Laabs, State University of New York-Geneseo, Jeff Munroe, Middlebury College, and Jack Oviatt, Kansas State University. Trip 2 contains information on the lake sequences of closed-basin lakes in the Eocene Green River Formation in Wyoming, led by Michael Smith, Northern Arizona University and Jennifer Scott, Mount Royal University. Trip 3 provides the background for the field trip to Pleistocene and modern lakes in the Great Basin of North America that was led by Susan Zimmerman, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Ken Adams, Desert Research Institute, and Michael Rosen, U.S. Geological Survey. Trip 4 contains the information for a trip to the modern lakes in Lassen National Park that was led by Paula Noble and Kerry Howard, both from the University of Nevada, Reno.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey has sponsored each ILIC that has been held in the United States because of the importance of understanding paleoclimate and contaminant histories of lakes, two main themes of the Congress. This field trip guide provides a permanent record of some of the wide variety of studies that are being conducted in modern lakes and ancient lake deposits in western North America, and it provides a starting point for any one desiring to visit these exceptional sites or begin work in these areas.
","conferenceTitle":"Sixth International Limnogeology Congress","conferenceDate":"June 15-19, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Association of Limnogeology","usgsCitation":"2015, Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: field trip guidebook, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1108, vi, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151108.","productDescription":"vi, 100 p.","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064866","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151108.jpg"},{"id":301072,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1108/pdf/ofr2015-1108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301073,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151092","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1092","description":"Open-File Report 2015-1092","linkHelpText":"Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: abstract volume, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015"},{"id":301071,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1108/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin, Lassen Volcanic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.0872802734375,\n 41.04828819952275\n ],\n [\n -115.521240234375,\n 40.18516846826054\n ],\n [\n -115.48828125000001,\n 40.13899044275822\n ],\n [\n -115.24383544921875,\n 40.327701904195926\n ],\n [\n -115.10650634765625,\n 40.67647212850004\n ],\n [\n -114.02297973632812,\n 40.74517613004631\n ],\n [\n -113.65768432617188,\n 40.959159772134896\n ],\n [\n -113.84033203125,\n 41.00373905329032\n ],\n [\n -114.18228149414062,\n 40.826280356677124\n ],\n [\n -115.01586914062499,\n 40.950862628132775\n ],\n [\n -115.0872802734375,\n 41.04828819952275\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.54168701171875,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -110.54168701171875,\n 41.76926321969369\n ],\n [\n -109.10522460937499,\n 41.76926321969369\n ],\n [\n -109.10522460937499,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -110.54168701171875,\n 41.000629848685385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.47906494140624,\n 39.58240712203527\n ],\n [\n -119.59030151367188,\n 39.56970506644249\n ],\n [\n -119.84161376953125,\n 39.317300373271024\n ],\n [\n -119.84298706054688,\n 39.235444275770554\n ],\n [\n -119.14672851562499,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n -118.93798828125,\n 37.91170058826019\n ],\n [\n -118.72100830078125,\n 38.63189092902837\n ],\n [\n -118.740234375,\n 38.77549900381297\n ],\n [\n -118.8006591796875,\n 38.982897808179985\n ],\n [\n -118.795166015625,\n 39.26203141523749\n ],\n [\n -118.6248779296875,\n 39.3831409542565\n ],\n [\n -118.63037109375,\n 39.48920467334085\n ],\n [\n -118.87069702148436,\n 39.552765371831015\n ],\n [\n -119.47906494140624,\n 39.58240712203527\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.57745361328125,\n 40.550330732028456\n ],\n [\n -121.36974334716795,\n 40.550330732028456\n ],\n [\n -121.37042999267577,\n 40.5855387460858\n ],\n [\n -121.2839126586914,\n 40.583974338791805\n ],\n [\n -121.25198364257811,\n 40.540156079737145\n ],\n [\n -121.25164031982422,\n 40.5302408293016\n ],\n [\n -121.51359558105469,\n 40.42368991675518\n ],\n [\n -121.57814025878906,\n 40.529979881843865\n ],\n [\n -121.57745361328125,\n 40.550330732028456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5576ae9de4b032353cb4a453","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548270,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70139689,"text":"ofr20151010 - 2015 - Multi-elemental analysis of aqueous geochemical samples by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T11:58:22","indexId":"ofr20151010","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-05T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1010","title":"Multi-elemental analysis of aqueous geochemical samples by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)","docAbstract":"Typically, quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is used to determine as many as 57 major, minor, and trace elements in aqueous geochemical samples, including natural surface water and groundwater, acid mine drainage water, and extracts or leachates from geological samples. The sample solution is aspirated into the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) which is an electrodeless discharge of ionized argon gas at a temperature of approximately 6,000 degrees Celsius. The elements in the sample solution are subsequently volatilized, atomized, and ionized by the ICP. The ions generated are then focused and introduced into a quadrupole mass filter which only allows one mass to reach the detector at a given moment in time. As the settings of the mass analyzer change, subsequent masses are allowed to impact the detector. Although the typical quadrupole ICP-MS system is a sequential scanning instrument (determining each mass separately), the scan speed of modern instruments is on the order of several thousand masses per second. Consequently, typical total sample analysis times of 2–3 minutes are readily achievable for up to 57 elements.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151010","usgsCitation":"Wolf, R.E., and Adams, M., 2015, Multi-elemental analysis of aqueous geochemical samples by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1010, Report: iv, 34 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151010.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056063","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151010.jpg"},{"id":301047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1010/"},{"id":301048,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1010/pdf/ofr2015-1010.pdf","text":"Report","size":"700 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301049,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1010/downloads/ofr2015-1010_table1-2.xlsx","text":"Download","linkHelpText":"Contains table 1–2, a correction equations calculation worksheet with formulas used for calculations in the report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5572ba27e4b077dba76c1b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, Ruth E. rwolf@usgs.gov","contributorId":903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Ruth","email":"rwolf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Monique madams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Monique","email":"madams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147067,"text":"ofr20151082 - 2015 - Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T10:47:23","indexId":"ofr20151082","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1082","title":"Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2013","docAbstract":"Streamflow and concentrations of sodium and chloride estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate loads of sodium and chloride during water year (WY) 2013 (October 1, 2012, through September 30, 2013) for tributaries to the Scituate Reservoir, Rhode Island. Streamflow and water-quality data used in the study were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the Providence Water Supply Board (PWSB) in the cooperative study. Streamflow was measured or estimated by the USGS following standard methods at 23 streamgages; 14 of these streamgages are equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring water level, specific conductance, and water temperature. Water-quality samples were collected at 37 sampling stations by the PWSB and at 14 continuous-record streamgages by the USGS during WY 2013 as part of a long-term sampling program; all stations are in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Water-quality data collected by the PWSB are summarized by using values of central tendency and are used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2013.
\nThe largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the USGS) contributed a mean streamflow of 30 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) to the reservoir during WY 2013. For the same time period, annual mean1 streamflows measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.45 to about 19 ft3/s. Together, tributaries (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 1,300,000 kilograms (kg) of sodium and 2,100,000 kg of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2013; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 8,600 to 58,000 kilograms per square mile (kg/mi2) and from 14,000 to 97,000 kg/mi2, respectively.
\nAt the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the PWSB, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 18 milligrams per liter (mg/L), median nitrite concentration was 0.002 mg/L as nitrogen (N), median nitrate concentration was less than 0.01 mg/L as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.128 mg/L as phosphate, and median concentrations of total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were 330 and 15 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100mL), respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total coliform and E. coli bacteria were 100 kilograms per day (kg/d; 50 kilograms per day per square mile [kg/d/mi2]), 10 grams per day (g/d; 5.1 grams per day per square mile [g/d/mi2]), 73 g/d (28 g/d/mi2), 720 g/d (320 g/d/mi2), 21,000 colony-forming units per day (CFU×106/d; 8,700 CFU×106/d/mi2), and 1,000 CFU×106/d (510 CFU×106/d/mi2), respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151082","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., 2015, Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1082, Report: v, 31 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151082.","productDescription":"Report: v, 31 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-056176","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151082.jpg"},{"id":301012,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1082/attachments/ofr2015-1082_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"32 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Water-quality data collected by the Providence Water Supply Board at 37 monitoring stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2013."},{"id":301011,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1082/pdf/ofr2015-1082.pdf","text":"Report","size":"873 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1082/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Scituate Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.78947448730469,\n 41.74160260664948\n ],\n [\n -71.78947448730469,\n 41.92782492551717\n ],\n [\n -71.5484619140625,\n 41.92782492551717\n ],\n [\n -71.5484619140625,\n 41.74160260664948\n ],\n [\n -71.78947448730469,\n 41.74160260664948\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570171de4b0d9246a9fd151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70146944,"text":"ofr20151073 - 2015 - Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series: Admiralty Inlet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T08:29:44","indexId":"ofr20151073","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1073","subseriesTitle":"Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series","title":"Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series: Admiralty Inlet","docAbstract":"In 2010 the Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 initiated the Puget Sound Scientific Studies and Technical Investigations Assistance Program, designed to support research in support of implementing the Puget Sound Action Agenda. The Action Agenda was created in response to Puget Sound having been designated as one of 28 estuaries of national significance under section 320 of the U.S. Clean Water Act, and its overall goal is to restore the Puget Sound Estuary's environment by 2020. The Southern Salish Sea Mapping Project was funded by the Assistance Program request for proposals process, which also supports a large number of coastal-zone- and ocean-management issues. The issues include the recommendations of the Marine Protected Areas Work Group to the Washington State Legislature (Van Cleve and others, 2009), which endorses a Puget Sound and coast-wide marine conservation needs assessment, gap analysis of existing Marine Protected Areas (MPA) and recommendations for action. This publication is the first of four U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigation Maps that make up the Southern Salish Sea Mapping Project. The remaining three map blocks to be published in the future, located south of Admiralty Inlet, are shown in figure 1.
\nPuget Sound is a deep, fjord-type estuary covering an area of 2,330 km2 in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States (fig. 1). It is connected to the ocean by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, a turbulent passage approximately 160 km in length and 22 km wide at its west end, expanding to over 40 km wide at its east end (Thomson, 1994). During the Pleistocene, the area was occupied several times by lobes of continental ice, resulting in a complex basin-fill of glacial and interglacial deposits that are locally as thick as 1100 m (Johnson and others, 2001). The last glaciation, called the Fraser glaciation, began after 28,800±740 14C yr B.P. when ice started a slow expansion (Clague, 1981). At peak advance the westward Juan de Fuca lobe reached the edge of the continental shelf through the Juan de Fuca Strait shortly before 14,460±200 14C yr B.P. (Herzer and Bornhold, 1982). The southward Puget lobe advanced to its terminal position in Puget Sound by around 14,150 14C yr B.P. (Porter and Swanson, 1998). Ice retreated from its maximum to northern Whidbey Island by 13,650±350 14C yr B.P. (Dethier and others, 1995). Retreating glaciers resulted in a thick sequence of ice-contact, glacial-marine sediment, and early post-glacial sediments (Linden and Schurrer, 1988). These deposits have experienced the effects of a marine transgression followed by regression, resulting in a sea-level several tens of meters lower than the present day (Linden and Schurrer, 1988). A second transgression brought sea level to about the present level by around 5,470±120 14C yr B.P. (Clague and others, 1982) establishing the present oceanographic and geologic environment
\nPuget Sound is separated into four interconnected basins; Whidbey, Central (Main), Hood Canal, and South (Thomson, 1994). The Whidbey, Central, and Hood Canal basins are the three main branches of the Puget Sound estuary and are separated from the Strait of Juan de Fuca by a double sill at Admiralty Inlet. The Admiralty Inlet map area includes the Inlet and a portion of the Whidbey Basin (fig. 1). The shallower South Basin is separated by a sill at Tacoma Narrows and is highly branched with numerous finger inlets. Flow within Puget Sound is dominated by tidal currents of as much as 1 m/s at Admiralty Inlet, reducing to approximately 0.5 m/s in the Central Basin (Lavelle and others, 1988). The lack of silt and clay-sized sediments in the Admiralty Inlet map area is likely a result of the strong currents (see Ground-Truth Studies for the Admiralty Inlet Map Area, sheet 3). The subtidal component of flow reaches approximately 0.1 m/s and is driven by density gradients arising from the contrast in salty ocean water at the entrance and freshwater inputs from stream flow (Lavelle and others, 1988). The total freshwater input to Puget Sound is approximately 3.4 x 106 m3/day, primarily from the Skagit River (Cannon, 1983). The subtidal circulation mostly consists of a two-layered flow in the basins with fresher water exiting at the surface and saltier water entering at depth (Ebbesmeyer and Cannon, 2001). In general, surface waters flow north and deeper waters flow south; variations arise from wind effects that can drive a surface current in the same direction as the wind, and a baroclinic response in the lower layer to about 100-m depth (Matsuura and Cannon, 1997). Oceanographic properties are influenced by temporal forcing parameters such as reduced stream flow during the 2000-01 drought that increased surface salinity and decreased differences between surface and bottom waters (Newton and others, 2003).
\nOn offshore seismic-reflection profiles, Pleistocene strata (excluding latest Pleistocene glacial and post-glacial deposits) form a distinct seismic unit, bounded below by pre-Tertiary or Tertiary basement and above by typically flat-lying latest Pleistocene to Holocene deposits that fill in erosional or depositional relief (Johnson and others, 2001). Cores from central Puget Sound have accumulation rates that range from 85 to 1200 mg/cm2/yr, or 0.12 to 2.4 cm/yr; the highest accumulation rates are near the southern end of central Puget Sound (Carpenter and others, 1985). Carpenter and others (1985) un-weighted arithmetic mean of accumulation rates for central Puget Sound deeper stations is 480±340 (± one standard deviation) mg/cm2/yr. Lavelle and others (1985) also found rates as high as 1200 mg/cm2/yr over the past approximately 70 years in cores in the Central Basin off of and north and south of Elliott Bay. Puget Sound basin rates are comparable to rates in midshelf silt deposits on the Washington coast north of the Columbia River (Nittrouer and others, 1979).
\nThe deep subtidal (in other words, below SCUBA depths) habitats of Puget Sound are relatively poorly known. A few subtidal surveys exist for several habitat types from the 1960s and 1970s (reviewed in Dethier, 1990), using grab and box core data. The Dethier (1990) review divides habitat up into Coast and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) substrate, water column energy, and depth zones but does not attempt to map these habitats, rather it is an inventory of habitats found in the area and the flora and fauna associated with each habitat.
\nThe approach of the Southern Salish Sea Mapping project is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data (the undersea equivalent of satellite remote-sensing data in terrestrial mapping), acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, and bottom-sediment sampling data. This approach is based in part on methods presented and data collection and product needs identified at the Washington State Seafloor Mapping Workshop (Washington State Seafloor Mapping Workshop Steering Committee, 2008), attended by coastal and marine managers and scientists. The map products display seafloor geomorphology and substrate, and identify potential marine benthic habitats. It is emphasized that the more interpretive habitat and geology maps rely on the integration of multiple, new high-resolution datasets and that mapping at small scales would not be possible without such data. Oceanographic current and wave data is not included in this analysis, however, the accompanying geographic information system (GIS) data set is designed and intended to be combined with oceanographic and biologic data sets assembled by others in the future and some of the GIS data has already been incorporated in the unpublished Nature Conservancy Benthic Habitats of Puget Sound database.
\nThis publication includes four map sheets, explanatory text, and a descriptive pamphlet. Each map sheet is published as a portable document format (PDF) file. ESRI ArcGIS compatible geotiffs (for example, bathymetry) and shapefiles (for example video observation points) will be available for download in the data catalog associated with this publication (Cochrane, 2015). An ArcGIS Project File with the symbology used to generate the map sheets is also provided. For those who do not own the full suite of ESRI GIS and mapping software, the data can be read using ESRI ArcReader, a free viewer that is available at http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcreader/index.html.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151073","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Dethier, M.N., Hodson, T.O., Kull, K.K., Golden, N., Ritchie, A.C., Moegling, C., and Pacunski, R.E., 2015, Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series: Admiralty Inlet: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1073, Report: iv, 34 p.; 4 Plates: 40 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151073.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; 4 Plates: 40 x 36 inches","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054193","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300998,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151073.jpg"},{"id":300985,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/"},{"id":300995,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/935/downloads/AdmiraltyInlet/ds935_AdmiraltyInlet.html","text":"Data Catalog—Admiralty Inlet, Washington","linkHelpText":"Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":300989,"rank":9,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/pdf/ofr20151073_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"2.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1073 Pamphlet"},{"id":300990,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/pdf/ofr20151073_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"159 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1073 Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Bathymetry Map of the of Admiralty Inlet Map Area, Washington By Andrew C. Ritchie, Guy R. Cochrane, and Crescent Moegling"},{"id":300991,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/pdf/ofr20151073_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"121 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1073 Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"CMECS Geoform Component Map of the Admiralty Inlet Map Area, Washington By Timothy O. Hodson, Guy R. Cochrane, Andrew C. Ritchie, and Crescent Moegling"},{"id":300994,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/ofr2015-1073_metadata.html","text":"Metadata"},{"id":300992,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/pdf/ofr20151073_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","size":"121 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1073 Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"CMECS Substrate Component Map of the Admiralty Inlet Map Area, Washington By Timothy O. Hodson, Guy R. Cochrane, Andrew C. Ritchie, and Crescent Moegling"},{"id":300993,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/pdf/ofr20151073_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","size":"112 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1073 Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"CMECS Biotope Component Map of the Admiralty Inlet Map Area, Washington By Megan N. Dethier, Guy R. Cochrane, Timothy O. Hodson, Kristine K. Kull"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Admiralty Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.95967102050781,\n 48.04136507445029\n ],\n [\n -122.95967102050781,\n 48.253026757626095\n ],\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 48.253026757626095\n ],\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 48.04136507445029\n ],\n [\n -122.95967102050781,\n 48.04136507445029\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570171ce4b0d9246a9fd14f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548148,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dethier, Megan N.","contributorId":48045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dethier","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodson, Timothy O. 0000-0003-0962-5130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-5130","contributorId":78634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kull, Kristine K.","contributorId":140404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kull","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E. ngolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","email":"ngolden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C. aritchie@usgs.gov","contributorId":4984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew","email":"aritchie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moegling, Crescent","contributorId":140405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moegling","given":"Crescent","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pacunski, Robert E.","contributorId":140406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pacunski","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13477,"text":"Washington Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70148367,"text":"ofr20151109 - 2015 - Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T08:27:05","indexId":"ofr20151109","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T17:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1109","title":"Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 2013","docAbstract":"The Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is part of the Natural Hazards activity, as funded by Congressional appropriation. Investigations are carried out by the USGS and with cooperators at the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, University of Hawaiʻi Mānoa and Hilo, University of Utah, and University of Washington Geophysics Program. This report lists publications from all of these institutions.
\nOnly published papers and maps are included here; abstracts presented at scientific meetings are omitted. Publication dates are based on year of issue, with no attempt to assign them to a fiscal year.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151109","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., 2015, Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1109, ii, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151109.","productDescription":"ii, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-064558","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151109.png"},{"id":300952,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1109/"},{"id":300953,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1109/downloads/ofr2015-1109.pdf","text":"Report","size":"240 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"556d7442e4b0d9246a9f9965","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148343,"text":"ofr20151102 - 2015 - Evaluating potential overlap between pack stock and Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae) in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T08:25:53","indexId":"ofr20151102","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1102","title":"Evaluating potential overlap between pack stock and Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae) in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California","docAbstract":"Pack stock (horses, mules, burros, llamas, and goats) are frequently assumed to have negative effects on public lands, but there is a general lack of data to be able to quantify the degree to which this is actually the case. Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks have received complaints that pack stock may affect Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae; SNBS), a federally endangered subspecies that occurs in largely disjunct herds in the Sierra Nevada Range of California. The potential effects are thought to be displacement of SNBS from meadows on their summer range (altered habitat use) or, more indirectly, through changes in SNBS habitat or forage quality. Our goals were to conduct an association analysis to quantify the degree of potential spatial overlap in meadow use between SNBS and pack stock and to compare differences in vegetation community composition, structure, and diversity among meadows with different levels of use by bighorn sheep and pack stock. For the association analysis, we used two approaches: (1) we quantified the proportion of meadows that were within the herd home ranges of bighorn sheep and were potentially open to pack stock, and, (2) we used Monte Carlo simulations and use-availability analyses to compare the proportion of meadows used by bighorn sheep relative to the proportional occurrence or area of meadows available to bighorn sheep that were used by pack stock. To evaluate potential effects of pack stock on meadow plant communities and SNBS forage, we sampled vegetation in 2011 and 2012 at 100 plots to generate data that allowed us to compare:
\n1. Herbaceous plant species composition, structure, and diversity in plots with different combinations of use by pack stock and SNBS;
\n2. Cover of bare ground in plots with different combinations of use by pack stock and SNBS; and,
\n3. Total cover, diversity, and species composition of SNBS forage species in plots with different combinations of use by pack stock and SNBS.
\nThe association analyses indicated the potential for overlap between pack stock and SNBS was minimal; only 1 percent of the potential meadow area in the SNBS herd home ranges overlapped that of pack stock meadows. There were no systematic differences in overall vegetation structure or composition, or in diversity, cover, or composition of forage species, that indicated pack stock were altering SNBS habitat or affecting their nutrition. Variation in plant species composition was influenced primarily by random differences among meadows and environmental gradients, and there was little evidence that pack stock use contributed in meaningful ways to this variation. The few differences among meadows with different levels of use by bighorn sheep and pack stock either were minor or were not in a direction consistent with negative effects of pack stock on SNBS. We conclude that the current plan for managing pack stock grazing has been successful in minimizing significant negative effects on Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep at Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151102","usgsCitation":"Klinger, R.C., Few, A.P., Knox, K.A., Hatfield, B.E., Clark, J., German, D.W., and Stephenson, T.R., 2015, Evaluating potential overlap between pack stock and Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae) in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1102, vi, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151102.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063428","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151102.png"},{"id":300950,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1102/pdf/ofr2015-1102.pdf","text":"Report","size":"545 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300949,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1102/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Kings Canyon National Parks, Sequoia National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.4708251953125,\n 37.02886944696474\n ],\n [\n -118.98193359375,\n 36.43454191900892\n ],\n [\n -118.83911132812499,\n 36.14231087352999\n ],\n [\n -118.01513671875,\n 36.146746777814364\n ],\n [\n -118.05908203124999,\n 36.230981283477924\n ],\n [\n -118.037109375,\n 36.46105407505434\n ],\n [\n -118.267822265625,\n 36.68163606561519\n ],\n [\n -118.311767578125,\n 36.804886560237236\n ],\n [\n -118.3172607421875,\n 37.02886944696474\n ],\n [\n -118.35571289062499,\n 37.068327517596586\n ],\n [\n -119.4708251953125,\n 37.02886944696474\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"556d741ce4b0d9246a9f9963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klinger, Robert C. 0000-0003-3193-3199 rcklinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-3199","contributorId":5395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"Robert","email":"rcklinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Few, Alexandra P.","contributorId":140965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Few","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13632,"text":"CDFW, Bishop, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knox, Kathleen A.","contributorId":140966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knox","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13632,"text":"CDFW, Bishop, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatfield, Brian E.","contributorId":140967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13632,"text":"CDFW, Bishop, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Jonathan","contributorId":139380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12456,"text":"former USGS scientist","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"German, David W.","contributorId":140968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"German","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13632,"text":"CDFW, Bishop, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stephenson, Thomas R.","contributorId":64114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}