{"pageNumber":"620","pageRowStart":"15475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46883,"records":[{"id":70040448,"text":"sir20125081 - 2012 - South Fork Shenandoah River habitat-flow modeling to determine ecological and recreational characteristics during low-flow periods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-22T17:16:26","indexId":"sir20125081","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5081","title":"South Fork Shenandoah River habitat-flow modeling to determine ecological and recreational characteristics during low-flow periods","docAbstract":"The ecological habitat requirements of aquatic organisms and recreational streamflow requirements of the South Fork Shenandoah River were investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Central Shenandoah Valley Planning District Commission, the Northern Shenandoah Valley Regional Commission, and Virginia Commonwealth University. Physical habitat simulation modeling was conducted to examine flow as a major determinant of physical habitat availability and recreation suitability using field-collected hydraulic habitat variables such as water depth, water velocity, and substrate characteristics. Fish habitat-suitability criteria specific to the South Fork Shenandoah River were developed for sub-adult and adult smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), juvenile and sub-adult redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus), spotfin or satinfin shiner (Cyprinella spp), margined madtom (Noturus insignis),and river chub (Nocomis micropogon). Historic streamflow statistics for the summer low-flow period during July, August, and September were used as benchmark low-flow conditions and compared to habitat simulation results and water-withdrawal scenarios based on 2005 withdrawal data. \r\nTo examine habitat and recreation characteristics during droughts, daily fish habitat or recreation suitability values were simulated for 2002 and other selected drought years. Recreation suitability during droughts was extremely low, because the modeling demonstrated that suitable conditions occur when the streamflows are greater than the 50th percentile flow for July, August, and September. Habitat availability for fish is generally at a maximum when streamflows are between the 75th and 25th percentile flows for July, August, and September. Time-series results for drought years, such as 2002, showed that extreme low-flow conditions less than the 5th percentile of flow for July, August, and September corresponded to below-normal habitat availability for both game and nongame fish in the upper section of the river. For the middle section near Luray, margined madtom and river chub habitat area were below normal, whereas adult and sub-adult smallmouth bass habitat area remained near the median expected available habitat. In the lower section near Front Royal, time-series results for adult smallmouth bass, sub-adult smallmouth bass, and margined madtom habitat were below normal when streamflows were below the 10th percentile flow for July, August, and September. All other species of fish had habitat availability within the normal range for July, August, and September. \r\nWater-conservation scenarios representing a 50 percent water-withdrawal reduction resulted in game fish habitat availability within the normal range for habitat in upper and middle river sections, instead of below normal conditions which were observed during the 2002 drought. The 50 percent water-withdrawal reduction had no measurable effect on recreation. For nongame fish such as river chub, a 20 percent withdrawal reduction resulted in habitat availability within the normal range for habitat in the upper and middle river sections. Increased water-use scenarios representing a 5 percent increase in water withdrawals resulted in a slight reduction in habitat availability; however, increased withdrawals of 20 and 50 percent resulted in habitat availability substantially less than the 25th habitat percentile, or below normal. Habitat reductions were more pronounced when flows were lower than the 10th percentile flow for July, August, and September. \r\nThe results show that for normal or wet years, increased water withdrawals are not likely to correspond with extensive habitat loss for game fish or nongame fish. During drought years, however, a 20 to 50 percent increase in water withdrawals may result in below normal habitat availability for game fish throughout the river and nongame fish in the upper and middle sections of the river. These simulations of rare historic drought conditions, such as those observed in 2002, serve as a baseline for development of ecological flow thresholds for drought planning.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northern Shenandoah Valley Regional Commission, Central Shenandoah Valley Planning District Commission, and Virginia Commonwealth University","usgsCitation":"Krstolic, J.L., and Ramey, R.C., 2012, South Fork Shenandoah River habitat-flow modeling to determine ecological and recreational characteristics during low-flow periods: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5081, x, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125081.","productDescription":"x, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"78","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5081.gif"},{"id":262743,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262744,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5081/pdf/sir2012-5081.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia;West Virginia","county":"Augusta","city":"Lynwood;Front Royal;Luray","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.4652,37.8018 ], [ -79.4652,39.5081 ], [ -77.7355,39.5081 ], [ -77.7355,37.8018 ], [ -79.4652,37.8018 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50866d1be4b0a1435286d65a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krstolic, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-2253-9886 jkrstoli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2253-9886","contributorId":3677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krstolic","given":"Jennifer","email":"jkrstoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramey, R. Clay","contributorId":98161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70173604,"text":"70173604 - 2012 - Summer temperature metrics for predicting brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distribution in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T15:03:20","indexId":"70173604","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer temperature metrics for predicting brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distribution in streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>We developed a methodology to predict brook trout (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>) distribution using summer temperature metrics as predictor variables. Our analysis used long-term fish and hourly water temperature data from the Dog River, Vermont (USA). Commonly used metrics (e.g., mean, maximum, maximum 7-day maximum) tend to smooth the data so information on temperature variation is lost. Therefore, we developed a new set of metrics (called event metrics) to capture temperature variation by describing the frequency, area, duration, and magnitude of events that exceeded a user-defined temperature threshold. We used 16, 18, 20, and 22&deg;C. We built linear discriminant models and tested and compared the event metrics against the commonly used metrics. Correct classification of the observations was 66% with event metrics and 87% with commonly used metrics. However, combined event and commonly used metrics correctly classified 92%. Of the four individual temperature thresholds, it was difficult to assess which threshold had the &ldquo;best&rdquo; accuracy. The 16&deg;C threshold had slightly fewer misclassifications; however, the 20&deg;C threshold had the fewest extreme misclassifications. Our method leveraged the volumes of existing long-term data and provided a simple, systematic, and adaptable framework for monitoring changes in fish distribution, specifically in the case of irregular, extreme temperature events.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10750-012-1336-1","usgsCitation":"Parrish, D.L., Butryn, R.S., and Rizzo, D.M., 2012, Summer temperature metrics for predicting brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distribution in streams: Hydrobiologia, v. 703, no. 1, p. 47-57, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-012-1336-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024699","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"703","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9337e4b04f417c27518a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrish, Donna L. 0000-0001-9693-6329 dparrish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9693-6329","contributorId":138661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Donna","email":"dparrish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butryn, Ryan S.","contributorId":87042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butryn","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rizzo, Donna M.","contributorId":171679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rizzo","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040432,"text":"sir20105090E - 2012 - Sandstone copper assessment of the Chu-Sarysu Basin, Central Kazakhstan: Chapter E in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70040432,"text":"sir20105090E - 2012 - Sandstone copper assessment of the Chu-Sarysu Basin, Central Kazakhstan: Chapter E in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>","indexId":"sir20105090E","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Sandstone copper assessment of the Chu-Sarysu Basin, Central Kazakhstan: Chapter E in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T11:13:59","indexId":"sir20105090E","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"E","title":"Sandstone copper assessment of the Chu-Sarysu Basin, Central Kazakhstan: Chapter E in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>","docAbstract":"<p>Mineral resource assessments represent a synthesis of available information to estimate the location, quality, and quantity of undiscovered mineral resources in the upper part of the Earth&rsquo;s crust. This report presents a probabilistic mineral resource assessment of undiscovered sandstone copper deposits within the late Paleozoic Chu-Sarysu Basin in central Kazakhstan by the U.S. Geological Survey as a contribution to a global assessment of mineral resources. The purposes of this study are to: (1) provide a database of known sandstone copper deposits and significant prospects in this area, (2) delineate permissive areas (tracts) for undiscovered sandstone copper deposits within 2 km of the surface at a scale of 1:1,000,000, (3) estimate numbers of undiscovered deposits within these permissive tracts at several levels of confidence, and (4) provide probabilistic estimates of amounts of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and mineralized rock that could be contained in undiscovered deposits within each tract. The assessment uses the three-part form of mineral resource assessment based on mineral deposit models (Singer, 1993; Singer and Menzie, 2010).</p>\n<p>Delineation of permissive tracts for resources is based on the distribution of a Carboniferous oxidized nonmarine clastic (red bed) stratigraphic sequence that lies between overlying Permian and underlying Devonian evaporite-bearing sequences. Subsurface information on the extent and depth of this red bed sequence and structural features that divide the basin into sub-basins was used to define four permissive tracts. Structure contour maps, mineral occurrence databases, drill hole lithologic logs, geophysical maps, soil geochemical maps, locations of producing gas fields, and evidence for former gas accumulations were considered in conjunction with descriptive deposit models and grade and tonnage models to guide the assessment team&rsquo;s estimates of undiscovered deposits in each tract.</p>\n<p>The four permissive tracts are structural sub-basins of the Chu-Sarysu Basin and range in size from 750 to 65,000 km&sup2;. Probabilistic estimates of numbers of undiscovered sandstone copper deposits were made for the four tracts by a group of experts. Using these probabilistic estimates, Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the amount of metal contained within each tract. The results of the simulation serve as the basis for estimates of the metal endowment.</p>\n<p>The team estimates that 26 undiscovered deposits occur within the Chu-Sarysu Basin, and that these deposits contain an arithmetic mean of at least 21.5 million metric tons (Mt) of copper and 21,900 metric tons (t) of silver. The undiscovered deposits are in addition to the 7 known deposits that contain identified resources of 27.6 Mt of copper. Sixty percent of the estimated mean undiscovered copper resources are associated with the two permissive tracts that contain the identified resources; the remaining estimated resources are associated with the two tracts that have no known deposits. For the three tracts that contain 95 percent of the estimated undiscovered copper resources, the probability that each tract contains its estimated mean or more is about 40 percent. For the tract with 5 percent of the estimated undiscovered cop-per resources, the probability that it contains that amount or more is 25 percent.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090E","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Centre for Russian and Central EurAsian Mineral Studies—Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, and Mining and Economic Consulting, Ltd., Almaty, Kazakhstan","usgsCitation":"Box, S.E., Syusyura, B., Hayes, T.S., Taylor, C.D., Zientek, M.L., Hitzman, M., Seltmann, R., Chechetkin, V., Dolgopolova, A., Cossette, P.M., and Wallis, J., 2012, Sandstone copper assessment of the Chu-Sarysu Basin, Central Kazakhstan: Chapter E in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090, Report: vi, 63 p.; Metadata Folder; GIS Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090E.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 63 p.; Metadata Folder; GIS Data","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262731,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5090_e.gif"},{"id":301359,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/e/sir2010-5090e_metadata","size":"193 kB"},{"id":262724,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/e/"},{"id":262725,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/e/sir2010-5090e_text.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301360,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/e/sir2010-5090e_gis.zip","text":"GIS data zip package","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"GIS data zip package"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection","country":"Kazakhstan","otherGeospatial":"Chu-Sarysu Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5094ec01e4b0e5cfc2acdcf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":514669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Syusyura, Boris","contributorId":72104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syusyura","given":"Boris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, Timothy S. thayes@usgs.gov","contributorId":1547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Timothy","email":"thayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":514668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Cliff D. 0000-0001-6376-6298 ctaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":1283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Cliff","email":"ctaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":514666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zientek, Michael L. 0000-0002-8522-9626 mzientek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9626","contributorId":2420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"Michael","email":"mzientek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":514670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hitzman, Murray W.","contributorId":14682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitzman","given":"Murray W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Seltmann, Reimar","contributorId":73450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seltmann","given":"Reimar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chechetkin, Vladimir","contributorId":71821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chechetkin","given":"Vladimir","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dolgopolova, Alla","contributorId":96943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolgopolova","given":"Alla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cossette, Pamela M. 0000-0002-9608-6595 pcossette@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-6595","contributorId":1458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cossette","given":"Pamela","email":"pcossette@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":514667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wallis, John C.","contributorId":45755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallis","given":"John C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70040405,"text":"ofr20121187 - 2012 - Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Tillamook Bay tributaries and Nehalem River basin, northwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-25T10:08:31","indexId":"ofr20121187","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1187","title":"Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Tillamook Bay tributaries and Nehalem River basin, northwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>This report summarizes a preliminary study of bed-material transport, vertical and lateral channel changes, and existing datasets for the Tillamook (drainage area 156 square kilometers [km<sup>2</sup>]), Trask (451 km<sup>2</sup>), Wilson (500 km<sup>2</sup>), Kilchis (169 km<sup>2</sup>), Miami (94 km<sup>2</sup>), and Nehalem (2,207 km<sup>2</sup>) Rivers along the northwestern Oregon coast. This study, conducted in coopera-tion with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Oregon Department of State Lands to inform permitting decisions regarding instream gravel mining, revealed that:</p><ul><li><p>Study areas along the six rivers can be divided into reaches based on tidal influence and topography. The fluvial (nontidal or dominated by riverine processes) reaches vary in length (2.4-9.3 kilometer [km]), gradient (0.0011-0.0075 meter of elevation change per meter of channel length [m/m]), and bed-material composition (a mixture of alluvium and intermittent bedrock outcrops to predominately alluvium). In fluvial reaches, unit bar area (square meter of bar area per meter of channel length [m<sup>2</sup>/m]) as mapped from 2009 photographs ranged from 7.1 m<sup>2</sup>/m on the Tillamook River to 27.9 m<sup>2</sup>/m on the Miami River.</p></li><li><p>In tidal reaches, all six rivers flow over alluvial deposits, but have varying gradients (0.0001-0.0013 m/m) and lengths affected by tide (1.3-24.6 km). The Miami River has the steepest and shortest tidal reach and the Nehalem River has the flattest and longest tidal reach. Bars in the tidal reaches are generally composed of sand and mud. Unit bar area was greatest in the Tidal Nehalem Reach, where extensive mud flats flank the lower channel.</p></li><li><p>Background factors such as valley and channel confinement, basin geology, channel slope, and tidal extent control the spatial variation in the accumulation and texture of bed material. Presently, the Upper Fluvial Wilson and Miami Reaches and Fluvial Nehalem Reach have the greatest abundance of gravel bars, likely owing to local bed-material sources in combination with decreasing channel gradient and valley confinement.</p></li><li><p>Natural and human-caused disturbances such as mass movements, logging, fire, channel modifications for navigation and flood control, and gravel mining also have varying effects on channel condition, bed-material transport, and distribution and area of bars throughout the study areas and over time.</p></li><li><p>Existing datasets include at least 16 and 18 sets of aerial and orthophotographs that were taken of the study areas in the Tillamook Bay tributary basins and Nehalem River basin, respectively, from 1939 to 2011. These photographs are available for future assessments of long-term changes in channel condition, bar area, and vegetation establishment patterns. High resolution Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) surveys acquired in 2007-2009 could support future quantitative analyses of channel morphology and bed-material transport in all study areas.</p></li><li><p>A review of deposited and mined gravel volumes reported for instream gravel mining sites shows that bed-material deposition tends to rebuild mined bar surfaces in most years. Mean annual deposition volumes on individual bars exceeded 3,000 cubic meters (m<sup>3</sup>) on Donaldson Bar on the Wilson River, Dill Bar on the Kilchis River, and Plant and Winslow Bars on the Nehalem River. Cumulative reported volumes of bed-material deposition were greatest at Donaldson and Dill Bars, totaling over 25,000 m<sup>3</sup> per site from 2004 to 2011. Within this period, reported cumulative mined volumes were greatest for the Donaldson, Plant, and Winslow Bars, ranging from 24,470 to 33,940 m<sup>3</sup>.</p></li><li><p>Analysis of historical stage-streamflow data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey on the Wilson River near Tillamook (14301500) and Nehalem River near Foss (14301000) shows that these rivers have episodically aggraded and incised, mostly following high flow events, but they do not exhibit systematic, long-term trends in bed elevation.</p><p>Multiple cross sections show that channels near bridge crossings in all six study areas are dynamic with many subject to incision and aggradation as well as lateral shifts in thalweg position and bank deposition and erosion.</p></li><li><p>In fluvial reaches, unit bar area declined a net 5.3-83.6 percent from 1939 to 2009. The documented reduction in bar area may be attributable to several factors, including vegetation establishment and stabilization of formerly active bar surfaces, lateral channel changes and resulting alterations in sediment deposition and erosion patterns, and streamflow and/or tide differences between photographs. Other factors that may be associated with the observed reduction in bar area but not assessed in this reconnaissance level study include changes in the sediment and hydrology regimes of these rivers over the analysis period.</p></li><li><p>In tidal reaches, unit bar area increased on the Tillamook and Nehalem Rivers (98.0 and 14.7 percent, respectively), but declined a net 24.2 to 83.1 percent in the other four tidal reaches. Net increases in bar area in the Tidal Tillamook and Nehalem Reaches were possibly attributable to tidal differences between the photographs as well as sediment deposition behind log booms and pile structures on the Tillamook River between 1939 and 1967.</p></li><li><p>The armoring ratio (ratio of the median grain sizes of a bar's surface and subsurface layers) was 1.6 at Lower Waldron Bar on the Miami River, tentatively indicating a relative balance between transport capacity and sediment supply at this location. Armoring ratios, however, ranged from 2.4 to 5.5 at sites on the Trask, Wilson, Kilchis, and Nehalem Rivers; these coarse armor layers probably reflect limited bed-material supply at these sites.</p></li><li><p>On the basis of mapping results, measured armoring ratios, and channel cross section surveys, preliminary conclusions are that the fluvial reaches on the Tillamook, Trask, Kilchis, and Nehalem Rivers are currently sediment supply-limited in terms of bed material - that is, the transport capacity of the channel generally exceeds the supply of bed material. The relation between transport capacity and sediment is more ambiguous for the fluvial reaches on the Wilson and Miami Rivers, but transport-limited conditions are likely for at least parts of these reaches. Some of these reaches have possibly evolved from sediment supply-limited to transport-limited over the last several decades in response to changing basin and climate conditions.</p></li><li><p>Because of exceedingly low gradients, all the tidal reaches are transport-limited. Bed material in these reaches, however, is primarily sand and finer grain-size material and probably transported as suspended load from upstream reaches. These reaches will be most susceptible to watershed conditions affecting the supply and transport of fine sediment.</p></li><li><p>Compared to basins on the southwestern Oregon coast, such as the Chetco and Rogue River basins, these six basins likely transport overall less gravel bed material. Although tentative in the absence of actual transport measurements, this conclusion is supported by the much lower area and frequency of bars and longer tidal reaches along all the northcoast rivers examined in this study.</p></li><li><p>Previous studies suggest that the expansive and largely unvegetated bars visible in the 1939 photographs are primarily associated with voluminous sedimentation starting soon after the first Tillamook Burn fire in 1933. However, USGS studies of temporal bar trends in other Oregon coastal rivers unaffected by the Tillamook Burn show similar declines in bar area over approximately the same analysis period. In the Umpqua and Chetco River basins, historical declines in bar area are associated with long-term decreases in flood magnitude. Other factors may include changes in the type and volume of large wood and riparian vegetation. Further characterization of hydrology patterns in these basins and possible linkages with climate factors related to flood peaks, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, could support inferences of expected future changes in vegetation establishment and channel planform and profile.</p></li><li><p>More detailed investigations of bed-material transport rates and channel morphology would support assessments of lateral and vertical channel condition and longitudinal trends in bed material. Such assessments would be most practical for the fluvial study areas on the Wilson, Kilchis, Miami, and Nehalem Rivers and relevant to several ongoing management and ecological issues pertaining to sand and gravel transport. Tidal reaches may also be logical subjects for indepth analysis where studies would be more relevant to the deposition and transport of fine sediment (and associated channel and riparian conditions and processes) rather than coarse bed material.</p></li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121187","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Oregon Department of State Lands","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.L., Keith, M., O'Connor, J., Mangano, J.F., and Wallick, J., 2012, Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Tillamook Bay tributaries and Nehalem River basin, northwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1187, viii, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121187.","productDescription":"viii, 120 p.","numberOfPages":"131","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1187.bmp"},{"id":262708,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1187/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262709,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1187/pdf/ofr20121187.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 10 North","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Kilchis River, Miami River, Nehalem River, Tillamook River, Trask River, Wilson River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.000000,45.333333 ], [ -124.000000,45.666667 ], [ -123.333333,45.666667 ], [ -123.333333,45.333333 ], [ -124.000000,45.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508117dde4b00e5d41d20a84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Krista L. 0000-0002-0301-4497 kljones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-4497","contributorId":4550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Krista","email":"kljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K.","contributorId":16560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mangano, Joseph F. 0000-0003-4213-8406 jmangano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-8406","contributorId":4722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangano","given":"Joseph","email":"jmangano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallick, J. Rose 0000-0002-9392-272X rosewall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-272X","contributorId":3583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallick","given":"J. Rose","email":"rosewall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040312,"text":"70040312 - 2012 - Estimating pesticide sampling rates by the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) in the presence of natural organic matter and varying hydrodynamic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:16","indexId":"70040312","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating pesticide sampling rates by the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) in the presence of natural organic matter and varying hydrodynamic conditions","docAbstract":"The polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) was calibrated to monitor pesticides in water under controlled laboratory conditions. The effect of natural organic matter (NOM) on the sampling rates (<i>R<sub>s</sub></i>) was evaluated in microcosms containing <0.1&ndash;5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of total organic carbon (TOC). The effect of hydrodynamics was studied by comparing <i>R<sub>s</sub></i> values measured in stirred (SBE) and quiescent (QBE) batch experiments and a flow-through system (FTS). The level of NOM in the water used in these experiments had no effect on the magnitude of the pesticide sampling rates (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, flow velocity and turbulence significantly increased the sampling rates of the pesticides in the FTS and SBE compared to the QBE (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The calibration data generated can be used to derive pesticide concentrations in water from POCIS deployed in stagnant and turbulent environmental systems without correction for NOM.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.001","usgsCitation":"Charlestra, L., Amirbahman, A., Courtemanch, D.L., Alvarez, D., and Patterson, H., 2012, Estimating pesticide sampling rates by the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) in the presence of natural organic matter and varying hydrodynamic conditions: Environmental Pollution, v. 169, p. 98-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.001.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262681,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.001"}],"volume":"169","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50801846e4b0a0242ef285b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charlestra, Lucner","contributorId":21407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlestra","given":"Lucner","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amirbahman, Aria","contributorId":44031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amirbahman","given":"Aria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Courtemanch, David L.","contributorId":70639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courtemanch","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patterson, Howard","contributorId":26569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Howard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040311,"text":"70040311 - 2012 - Passive thermal refugia provided warm water for Florida manatees during the severe winter of 2009-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:16","indexId":"70040311","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Passive thermal refugia provided warm water for Florida manatees during the severe winter of 2009-2010","docAbstract":"Haloclines induced by freshwater inflow over tidal water have been identified as an important mechanism for maintaining warm water in passive thermal refugia (PTR) used by Florida manatees Trichechus manatus latirostris during winter in extreme southwestern Florida. Record-setting cold during winter 2009&ndash;2010 resulted in an unprecedented number of manatee deaths, adding to concerns that PTR may provide inadequate thermal protection during severe cold periods. Hydrological data from 2009&ndash;2010 indicate that 2 canal systems in the Ten Thousand Islands (TTI) region acted as PTR and maintained warm bottom-water temperatures, even during severe and prolonged cold periods. Aerial survey counts of live and dead manatees in TTI during the winter of 2009&ndash;2010 suggest that these PTR were effective at preventing mass mortality from hypothermia, in contrast to the nearby Everglades region, which lacks similar artificial PTR and showed high manatee carcass counts. Hydrological data from winter 2008&ndash;2009 confirmed earlier findings that without haloclines these artificial PTR may become ineffective as warm-water sites. Tidal pumping of groundwater appears to provide additional heat to bottom water during low tide cycles, but the associated thermal inversion is not observed unless salinity stratification is present. The finding that halocline-driven PTR can maintain warm water even under extreme winter conditions suggests that they may have significant potential as warm-water sites. However, availability and conflicting uses of freshwater and other management issues may make halocline-driven PTR unreliable or difficult to manage during winter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps09732","usgsCitation":"Stith, B., Slone, D., de Wit, M., Edwards, H., Langtimm, C., Swain, E., Soderqvist, L., and Reid, J., 2012, Passive thermal refugia provided warm water for Florida manatees during the severe winter of 2009-2010: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 462, p. 287-301, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09732.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"301","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474306,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09732","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262657,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09732","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"462","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee053e4b022001d87bb8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stith, B.M.","contributorId":53741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slone, D. H. 0000-0002-9903-9727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9903-9727","contributorId":33040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slone","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de Wit, M.","contributorId":43223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Wit","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, H.H.","contributorId":99924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langtimm, C.A. 0000-0001-8499-5743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":71133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langtimm","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swain, E.D. 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":29007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"E.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Soderqvist, L.E.","contributorId":16696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderqvist","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reid, J.P. 0000-0002-8497-1132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":59372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70040321,"text":"70040321 - 2012 - Rapid invasion of the Indo-Pacific lionfishes (Pterois volitans and Pterois miles) in the Florida Keys, USA: evidence from multiple pre-and post-invasion data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040321","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid invasion of the Indo-Pacific lionfishes (Pterois volitans and Pterois miles) in the Florida Keys, USA: evidence from multiple pre-and post-invasion data sets","docAbstract":"Over the past decade, Indo-Pacific lionfishes, Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) and Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828), venomous members of the scorpionfish family (Scorpaenidae), have invaded and spread throughout much of the tropical and subtropical northwestern Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. These species are generalist predators of fishes and invertebrates with the potential to disrupt the ecology of the invaded range. Lionfishes have been present in low numbers along the east coast of Florida since the 1980s, but were not reported in the Florida Keys until 2009. We document the appearance and rapid spread of lionfishes in the Florida Keys using multiple long-term data sets that include both pre- and post-invasion sampling. Our results are the first to quantify the invasion of lionfishes in a new area using multiple independent, ongoing monitoring data sets, two of which have explicit estimates of sampling effort. Between 2009 and 2011, lionfish frequency of occurrence, abundance, and biomass increased rapidly, increasing three- to six-fold between 2010 and 2011 alone. In addition, individuals were detected on a variety of reef and non-reef habitats throughout the Florida Keys. Because lionfish occurrence, abundance, and impacts are expected to continue to increase throughout the region, monitoring programs like those used in this study will be essential to document ecosystem changes that may result from this invasion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Marine Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Miami","publisherLocation":"Miami, FL","doi":"10.5343/bms.2011.1108","usgsCitation":"Ruttenberg, B.I., Schofield, P., Akins, J.L., Acosta, A., Feeley, M.W., Blondeau, J., Smith, S.G., and Ault, J.S., 2012, Rapid invasion of the Indo-Pacific lionfishes (Pterois volitans and Pterois miles) in the Florida Keys, USA: evidence from multiple pre-and post-invasion data sets: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 88, no. 4, p. 1051-1059, https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2011.1108.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1059","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262678,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2011.1108"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Floria Keys","volume":"88","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee070e4b022001d87bb96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.","contributorId":46353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruttenberg","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":30306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akins, J. Lad","contributorId":102735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Akins","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Acosta, Alejandro","contributorId":9514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acosta","given":"Alejandro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feeley, Michael W.","contributorId":37590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feeley","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blondeau, Jeremiah","contributorId":98579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondeau","given":"Jeremiah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Steven G. sgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"sgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ault, Jerald S.","contributorId":59286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ault","given":"Jerald","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70040343,"text":"70040343 - 2012 - Revealing the appetite of the marine aquarium fish trade: the volume and biodiversity of fish imported into the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040343","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revealing the appetite of the marine aquarium fish trade: the volume and biodiversity of fish imported into the United States","docAbstract":"The aquarium trade and other wildlife consumers are at a crossroads forced by threats from global climate change and other anthropogenic stressors that have weakened coastal ecosystems. While the wildlife trade may put additional stress on coral reefs, it brings income into impoverished parts of the world and may stimulate interest in marine conservation. To better understand the influence of the trade, we must first be able to quantify coral reef fauna moving through it. Herein, we discuss the lack of a data system for monitoring the wildlife aquarium trade and analyze problems that arise when trying to monitor the trade using a system not specifically designed for this purpose. To do this, we examined an entire year of import records of marine tropical fish entering the United States in detail, and discuss the relationship between trade volume, biodiversity and introduction of non-native marine fishes. Our analyses showed that biodiversity levels are higher than previous estimates. Additionally, more than half of government importation forms have numerical or other reporting discrepancies resulting in the overestimation of trade volumes by 27%. While some commonly imported species have been introduced into the coastal waters of the USA (as expected), we also found that some uncommon species in the trade have also been introduced. This is the first study of aquarium trade imports to compare commercial invoices to government forms and provides a means to, routinely and in real time, examine the biodiversity of the trade in coral reef wildlife species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0035808","usgsCitation":"Rhyne, A.L., Tlusty, M.F., Schofield, P., Kaufman, L., Morris, J., and Bruckner, A.W., 2012, Revealing the appetite of the marine aquarium fish trade: the volume and biodiversity of fish imported into the United States: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 5, 9 p.; e35808, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035808.","productDescription":"9 p.; e35808","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474311,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035808","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262659,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035808"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee079e4b022001d87bb9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhyne, Andrew L.","contributorId":94910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhyne","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tlusty, Michael F.","contributorId":95745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tlusty","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":30306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaufman, Les","contributorId":50031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Les","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morris, James A. Jr.","contributorId":51898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"James A.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bruckner, Andrew W.","contributorId":92912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruckner","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040380,"text":"70040380 - 2012 - Bird populations on the Island of Tinian: persistence despite wholesale loss of native forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:51:41","indexId":"70040380","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird populations on the Island of Tinian: persistence despite wholesale loss of native forests","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bird habitat on the island of Tinian, Mariana Islands, has been substantially altered, and only around 5% of the island has native forest today. The modern bird fauna is likely to be a subset of the original avifauna where only species tolerant to native forest loss and human disturbance have survived. Avian surveys were conducted on the island in 2008 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to provide current densities and abundances of the remaining species, and assess population trends using data collected from previous surveys. During the three surveys (1982, 1996, and 2008), 18 species were detected, and abundances and trends were assessed for 11 species. Five of the nine native species and one alien bird have increased since 1982. Three native birds&mdash;Mariana Fruit-Dove (</span><i>Ptilinopus</i><i>roseicapilla</i><span>), Micronesian Honeyeater (</span><i>Myzomela rubratra</i><span>), and Tinian Monarch (</span><i>Monarcha takatsukasae</i><span>)&mdash;have decreased since 1982. Trends for the remaining two birds (one native and one alien) were considered relatively stable. Only five birds, including the Tinian Monarch, showed significant differences among regions of Tinian by year. Increased development on Tinian may result in increases in habitat clearing and expansion of human-dominated habitats, and declines in some bird populations would likely continue or be exacerbated with these actions. Expanded development activities on Tinian would also mean increased cargo movement between Guam and Tinian, elevating the probability of transporting the Brown Tree Snake (</span><i>Boiga irregularis</i><span>) to Tinian, which would lead to precipitous decreases and extinctions.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawai'i Press","publisherLocation":"Honolulu, HI","doi":"10.2984/66.3.3","usgsCitation":"Camp, R., Amidon, F.A., Marshall, A., and Pratt, T.K., 2012, Bird populations on the Island of Tinian: persistence despite wholesale loss of native forests: Pacific Science, v. 66, no. 3, p. 283-298, https://doi.org/10.2984/66.3.3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"298","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023029","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Tinian","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edfc5e4b022001d87bb4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amidon, Frederick A.","contributorId":33967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amidon","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, Ann P.","contributorId":104763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Ann P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, Thane K. tkpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thane","email":"tkpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040366,"text":"70040366 - 2012 - Feeding habitats of the Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, in the Suwannee and Yellow rivers, Florida, as identified by multiple stable isotope analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040366","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding habitats of the Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, in the Suwannee and Yellow rivers, Florida, as identified by multiple stable isotope analyses","docAbstract":"Stable <sup>13</sup>C, <sup>15</sup>N, and <sup>34</sup>S isotopes were analyzed to define the feeding habitats of <i>Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi</i> in the Suwannee and Yellow River populations. For the majority (93.9%) of Suwannee subadults and adults, <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>34</sup>S signatures indicate use of nearshore marine waters as primary winter feeding habitat, probably due to the limiting size of the Suwannee Sound estuary. In the Yellow River population, <sup>13</sup>C isotope signatures indicate that adults remain primarily within Pensacola Bay estuary to feed in winter, rather than emigrating to the open Gulf of Mexico. A minor Suwannee River subset (6% of samples), comprised of juveniles and subadults, displayed <sup>13</sup>C signatures indicating continued feeding in freshwater during the spring immigration and fall emigration periods. This cannot be interpreted as incidental feeding since it resulted in a 20.5% turnover in tissue &delta;<sup>13</sup>C signatures over a 1&ndash;3 month period. Cessation of feeding in the general population does not coincide with high river water temperatures. The hypothesis of reduced feeding in freshwater due to localized prey depletion as a result of spatial activity restriction is not supported by the present study. Instead, Suwannee River <i>A. o. desotoi</i> appear to follow two trophic alternatives; 1) complete cessation of feeding immediately upon immigration in spring, continuing through emigration 8&ndash;9 months later (the predominant alternative); 2) continued intensive feeding for 1&ndash;3 months following immigration, switching to freshwater prey, selected primarily from high trophic levels (i.e., large prey). Stable &ndash;<sup>34</sup>S data verifies that recently immigrated, fully-anadromous <i>A. o. desotoi</i> adults had fed in nearshore marine waters, not offshore waters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10641-012-9986-4","usgsCitation":"Sulak, K.J., Berg, J.J., and Randall, M.T., 2012, Feeding habitats of the Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, in the Suwannee and Yellow rivers, Florida, as identified by multiple stable isotope analyses: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 95, no. 2, p. 237-258, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-9986-4.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262655,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-9986-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River;Yellow River","volume":"95","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee021e4b022001d87bb75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sulak, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-4795-9310 ksulak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":2217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"Kenneth","email":"ksulak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berg, James J.","contributorId":16266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Randall, Michael T. 0000-0001-8805-0886 mrandall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8805-0886","contributorId":3127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Michael","email":"mrandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040397,"text":"70040397 - 2012 - The driving forces of land change in the Northern Piedmont of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040397","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1772,"text":"Geographical Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The driving forces of land change in the Northern Piedmont of the United States","docAbstract":"Driving forces facilitate or inhibit land-use/land-cover change. Human driving forces include political, economic, cultural, and social attributes that often change across time and space. Remotely sensed imagery provides regional land-change data for the Northern Piedmont, an ecoregion of the United States that continued to urbanize after 1970 through conversion of agricultural and forest land covers to developed uses. Eight major driving forces facilitated most of the land conversion; other drivers inhibited or slowed change. A synergistic web of drivers may be more important in understanding land change than individual drivers by themselves.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geographical Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1931-0846.2012.00130.x","usgsCitation":"Auch, R.F., Napton, D.E., Kambly, S., Moreland, T.R., and Sayler, K., 2012, The driving forces of land change in the Northern Piedmont of the United States: Geographical Review, v. 102, no. 1, p. 53-75, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2012.00130.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"75","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262683,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2012.00130.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl;New York;Pennsylvania;Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Northern Piedmont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.750000,36.750000 ], [ -76.750000,41.000000 ], [ -74.000000,41.000000 ], [ -74.000000,36.750000 ], [ -76.750000,36.750000 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"102","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508018b4e4b0a0242ef285e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auch, Roger F. 0000-0002-5382-5044 auch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-5044","contributorId":667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auch","given":"Roger","email":"auch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Napton, Darrell E.","contributorId":94541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Napton","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kambly, Steven skambly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kambly","given":"Steven","email":"skambly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moreland, Thomas R. Jr.","contributorId":36415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreland","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sayler, Kristi L. 0000-0003-2514-242X sayler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-242X","contributorId":2988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayler","given":"Kristi","email":"sayler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040346,"text":"sir20125221 - 2012 - Effects of a drawdown on plant communities in a freshwater impoundment at Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"sir20125221","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5221","title":"Effects of a drawdown on plant communities in a freshwater impoundment at Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Disturbance is an important natural process in the creation and maintenance of wetlands. Water depth manipulation and prescribed fire are two types of disturbance commonly used by humans to influence vegetation succession and composition in wetlands with the intention of improving wildlife habitat value. A 6,475-hectare (ha) impoundment was constructed in 1943 on Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge in southwest Louisiana to create freshwater wetlands as wintering waterfowl habitat. Ten years after construction of the impoundment, called Lacassine pool, was completed, refuge staff began expressing concerns about increasing emergent vegetation cover, organic matter accumulation, and decreasing area of open water within the pool. Because the presence of permanent standing water impedes actions that can address these concerns, a small impoundment within the pool where it was possible to manipulate water depth was created. The 283-ha subimpoundment called Unit D was constructed in 1989. Water was pumped from Unit D in 1990, and the unit was permanently reflooded about 3 years later. Four prescribed fires were applied during the drawdown. A study was initiated in 1990 to investigate the effect of the experimental drawdown on vegetation and soils in Unit D. Four plant community types were described, and cores were collected to measure the depth of the soil organic layer. A second study of Unit D was conducted in 1997, 4 years after the unit was reflooded, by using the same plots and similar sampling methods. This report presents an analysis and synthesis of the data from the two studies and provides an evaluation of the impact of the management techniques applied. We found that plant community characteristics often differed among the four communities and varied with time. Species richness increased in two of the communities, and total aboveground biomass increased in all four during the drawdown. These changes, however, did not persist when Unit D was reflooded; by 1997, species richness and aboveground biomass were equivalent to values before the drawdown. The change in waterfowl food value of the plant communities during the drawdown varied; it did not change in two communities, increased in one, and decreased in one. A consistent pattern noted was that waterfowl food value was higher in communities that contained open water than in those dominated by emergent plants, both soon after the drawdown was initiated in Unit D and 4 years after reflooding. A reduction in depth of the soil organic layer became apparent 20 months after drawdown was initiated, and this reduction persisted in 1997, 4 years after reflooding. A separate 2003 study on soil characteristics in Lacassine pool found that the depth to the clay layer was lower in Unit D than in the rest of the pool. We were not able to establish a cause-and-effect relation between any changes noted and the fact water levels in the unit were drawn down because the initial study in 1990 did not include control plots. Changes in vegetation and soil organic layer depth identified in Unit D may have occurred in the surrounding Lacassine pool habitat as well. Similarly, we were unable to form any conclusions about the effect of the prescribed fire treatments because there was no information on which plots were burned. Because of the known relation between anaerobic soil conditions and reduced decomposition of organic matter, however, it is likely that the drawdown in Unit D resulted in an increased decomposition rate and a reduction in the depth of the soil organic layer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Howard, R.J., and Allain, L., 2012, Effects of a drawdown on plant communities in a freshwater impoundment at Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5221, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125221.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5221.gif"},{"id":262624,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5221/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262625,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5221/sir2012-5221.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.963118,29.912844 ], [ -92.963118,30.038665 ], [ -92.780442,30.038665 ], [ -92.780442,29.912844 ], [ -92.963118,29.912844 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee011e4b022001d87bb6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Rebecca J. 0000-0001-7264-4364 howardr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":2429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","email":"howardr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allain, Larry 0000-0002-7717-9761","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-9761","contributorId":63108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allain","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040377,"text":"ofr20121223 - 2012 - Summary of bird-survey and banding results at W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr20121223","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1223","title":"Summary of bird-survey and banding results at W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2008","docAbstract":"With some of the best remaining examples of oak habitats in the Willamette Valley, the Willamette Valley National Wildlife Refuge Complex (WVNWRC) has been implementing restoration efforts to reverse the successional trend towards Douglas-fir and maple that is threatening existing oak woodlands. The restoration work has been considered a model for other public and private efforts within the Willamette Valley, and has been showcased through the Oregon Oak Communities Working Group (http://www.oregonoaks.org). Although many oak restoration projects have been initiated over the last several years, and grant recipients typically identify wildlife species that are likely to benefit from their project, measures of success have not included the actual response of wildlife, such as a change in the probability of species occurrence or abundance. Monitoring in the WVNWRC has so far been limited to vegetative and structural changes within the plant community. Hagar and Stern (2001) identified bird species occurring in Willamette Valley oak woodlands that might be expected to benefit from such restoration efforts, including an endemic subspecies of the White-breasted Nuthatch (see Appendix 1 for scientific names of bird and plant species listed in this document), and the Acorn Woodpecker, both of which are species of concern in Oregon. However, empirical data documenting responses of bird assemblages to restoration actions are needed. The goal of this study was to document the effects of a restoration project in an Oregon White Oak woodland on Pigeon Butte in the W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge. Restoration treatments on Pigeon Butte include the removal of shade-tolerant tree species (primarily big-leaf maple and Douglas-fir) to reduce competition with oak trees and to return the stand to a more open structure. The objectives of this ongoing study are to compare abundance, survival, and productivity of diurnal songbird species before and after application of these restoration treatments. Monitoring these vital rates will provide crucial information about the effects of management on survival and productivity (DeSante and Rosenberg, 1998). Therefore, a constant-effort mist-netting project was continued in 2007 and 2008 that had previously collected songbird demographic data at Pigeon Butte from 1998 to 2002. Point-count surveys were conducted in the woodland to build on historical data available for the site (Anderson, 1970; Hagar and Stern, 2001). The data reported here represent 5 years of point count surveys and 6 years of banding before restoration treatment, but only one post-treatment sampling season. Continued monitoring of the bird population is recommended to determine both short-term effects and long-term trends following the habitat alterations that result from restoration treatment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121223","usgsCitation":"Hagar, J., 2012, Summary of bird-survey and banding results at W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1223, vi, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121223.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1223.jpg"},{"id":262607,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262608,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1223/pdf/ofr20121223.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.365552,44.389287 ], [ -123.365552,44.435627 ], [ -123.278498,44.435627 ], [ -123.278498,44.389287 ], [ -123.365552,44.389287 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee084e4b022001d87bb9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagar, Joan 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":3369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040372,"text":"sir20125203 - 2012 - Changes in water budgets and sediment yields from a hypothetical agricultural field as a function of landscape and management characteristics--A unit field modeling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"sir20125203","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5203","title":"Changes in water budgets and sediment yields from a hypothetical agricultural field as a function of landscape and management characteristics--A unit field modeling approach","docAbstract":"Crop agriculture occupies 13 percent of the conterminous United States. Agricultural management practices, such as crop and tillage types, affect the hydrologic flow paths through the landscape. Some agricultural practices, such as drainage and irrigation, create entirely new hydrologic flow paths upon the landscapes where they are implemented. These hydrologic changes can affect the magnitude and partitioning of water budgets and sediment erosion. Given the wide degree of variability amongst agricultural settings, changes in the magnitudes of hydrologic flow paths and sediment erosion induced by agricultural management practices commonly are difficult to characterize, quantify, and compare using only field observations. The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was used to simulate two landscape characteristics (slope and soil texture) and three agricultural management practices (land cover/crop type, tillage type, and selected agricultural land management practices) to evaluate their effects on the water budgets of and sediment yield from agricultural lands. An array of sixty-eight 60-year simulations were run, each representing a distinct natural or agricultural scenario with various slopes, soil textures, crop or land cover types, tillage types, and select agricultural management practices on an isolated 16.2-hectare field. Simulations were made to represent two common agricultural climate regimes: arid with sprinkler irrigation and humid. These climate regimes were constructed with actual climate and irrigation data. The results of these simulations demonstrate the magnitudes of potential changes in water budgets and sediment yields from lands as a result of landscape characteristics and agricultural practices adopted on them. These simulations showed that variations in landscape characteristics, such as slope and soil type, had appreciable effects on water budgets and sediment yields. As slopes increased, sediment yields increased in both the arid and humid environments. However, runoff did not increase with slope in the arid environment as was observed in the humid environment. In both environments, clayey soils exhibited the greatest amount of runoff and sediment yields while sandy soils had greater recharge and lessor runoff and sediment yield. Scenarios simulating the effects of the timing and type of tillage practice showed that no-till, conservation, and contouring tillages reduced sediment yields and, with the exception of no-till, runoff in both environments. Changes in land cover and crop type simulated the changes between the evapotransporative potential and surface roughness imparted by specific vegetations. Substantial differences in water budgets and sediment yields were observed between most agricultural crops and the natural covers selected for each environment: scrub and prairie grass for the arid environment and forest and prairie grass for the humid environment. Finally, a group of simulations was performed to model selected agricultural management practices. Among the selected practices subsurface drainage and strip cropping exhibited the largest shifts in water budgets and sediment yields. The practice of crop rotation (corn/soybean) and cover cropping (corn/rye) were predicted to increase sediment yields from a field planted as conventional corn.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125203","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Roth, J.L., and Capel, P.D., 2012, Changes in water budgets and sediment yields from a hypothetical agricultural field as a function of landscape and management characteristics--A unit field modeling approach: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5203, Report: viii, 42 p.; Appendixes: 2-4, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125203.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 42 p.; Appendixes: 2-4","numberOfPages":"54","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":453,"text":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5203.bmp"},{"id":262602,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262603,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5203/pdf/sir20125203.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.800000,24.500000 ], [ -124.800000,49.383333 ], [ -66.950000,49.383333 ], [ -66.950000,24.500000 ], [ -124.800000,24.500000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edfd9e4b022001d87bb55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roth, Jason L. 0000-0001-5440-2775 jroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-2775","contributorId":4789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"Jason","email":"jroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040373,"text":"ds721 - 2012 - Atmospheric deposition, water-quality, and sediment data for selected lakes in Mount Rainer, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks, Washington, 2008-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"ds721","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"721","title":"Atmospheric deposition, water-quality, and sediment data for selected lakes in Mount Rainer, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks, Washington, 2008-10","docAbstract":"To evaluate the potential effect from atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to high-elevation lakes, the U.S. Geological Survey partnered with the National Park Service to develop a \"critical load\" of nitrogen for sediment diatoms. A critical load is defined as the level of a given pollutant (in this case, nitrogen) at which detrimental effects to a target endpoint (sediment diatoms) result. Because sediment diatoms are considered one of the \"first responders\" to ecosystem changes from nitrogen, they are a sensitive indicator for nitrogen deposition changes in natural areas. This report presents atmospheric deposition, water quality, sediment geochronology, and sediment diatom data collected from July 2008 through August 2010 in support of this effort.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds721","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Sheibley, R.W., Foreman, J.R., Moran, P.W., and Swarzenski, P.W., 2012, Atmospheric deposition, water-quality, and sediment data for selected lakes in Mount Rainer, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks, Washington, 2008-10: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 721, Report: viii, 34 p.; Tables 10-19, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds721.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 34 p.; Tables 10-19","numberOfPages":"46","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_721.bmp"},{"id":262604,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/721/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262605,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/721/pdf/ds721.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/721/ds721_tables10-19.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Mountains;Mount Rainer;Olympic National Parks","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.800000,46.333333 ], [ -124.800000,49.000000 ], [ -120.500000,49.000000 ], [ -120.500000,46.333333 ], [ -124.800000,46.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edfbde4b022001d87bb49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheibley, Rich W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":3044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"Rich","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foreman, James R. 0000-0003-0535-4580 jforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-4580","contributorId":3669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"James","email":"jforeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040315,"text":"70040315 - 2012 - American alligator digestion rate of blue crabs and its implications for stomach contents analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040315","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American alligator digestion rate of blue crabs and its implications for stomach contents analysis","docAbstract":"Stomach contents analysis (SCA) provides a snap-shot observation of a consumer's diet. Interpretation of SCA data can be complicated by many factors, including variation in gastric residence times and digestion rates among prey taxa. Although some SCA methods are reported to efficiently remove all stomach contents, the effectiveness of these techniques has rarely been tested for large irregular shaped prey with hard exoskeletons. We used a controlled feeding trial to estimate gastric residency time and decomposition rate of a large crustacean prey item, the Blue Crab (<i>Callinectes sapidus</i>), which is consumed by American Alligators (<i>Alligator mississippiensis</i>), an abundant apex predator in coastal habitats of the southeastern United States. The decomposition rate of C. <i>sapidus</i> in the stomachs of A. <i>mississippiensis</i> followed a predictable pattern, and some crab pieces remained in stomachs for at least 14 days. We also found that certain portions of C. <i>sapidus</i> were prone to becoming caught within the stomach or esophagus, meaning not all crab parts are consistently recovered using gastric lavage techniques. However, because the state of decomposition of crabs was predictable, it is possible to estimate time since consumption for crabs recovered from wild alligators. This information, coupled with a detailed understanding of crab distributions and alligator movement tactics could help elucidate patterns of cross-ecosystem foraging by the American Alligator in coastal habitats","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1643/CE-11-177","usgsCitation":"Nifong, J., Rosenblatt, A.E., Johnson, N.A., Barichivich, W., Silliman, B., and Heithaus, M.R., 2012, American alligator digestion rate of blue crabs and its implications for stomach contents analysis: Copeia, v. 2012, no. 3, p. 419-423, https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-11-177.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"423","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262631,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CE-11-177"}],"country":"United States","volume":"2012","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edfa2e4b022001d87bb3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nifong, James C.","contributorId":23377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nifong","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenblatt, Adam E.","contributorId":84206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenblatt","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Nathan A. 0000-0001-5167-1988 najohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-1988","contributorId":4175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nathan","email":"najohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barichivich, William 0000-0003-1103-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":21405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silliman, Brian","contributorId":11051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silliman","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heithaus, Michael R.","contributorId":42828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heithaus","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040320,"text":"70040320 - 2012 - A sampling design and model for estimating abundance of Nile crocodiles while accounting for heterogeneity of detectability of multiple observers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040320","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A sampling design and model for estimating abundance of Nile crocodiles while accounting for heterogeneity of detectability of multiple observers","docAbstract":"As part of the development of a management program for Nile crocodiles in Lake Nasser, Egypt, we used a dependent double-observer sampling protocol with multiple observers to compute estimates of population size. To analyze the data, we developed a hierarchical model that allowed us to assess variation in detection probabilities among observers and survey dates, as well as account for variation in crocodile abundance among sites and habitats. We conducted surveys from July 2008-June 2009 in 15 areas of Lake Nasser that were representative of 3 main habitat categories. During these surveys, we sampled 1,086 km of lake shore wherein we detected 386 crocodiles. Analysis of the data revealed significant variability in both inter- and intra-observer detection probabilities. Our raw encounter rate was 0.355 crocodiles/km. When we accounted for observer effects and habitat, we estimated a surface population abundance of 2,581 (2,239-2,987, 95% credible intervals) crocodiles in Lake Nasser. Our results underscore the importance of well-trained, experienced monitoring personnel in order to decrease heterogeneity in intra-observer detection probability and to better detect changes in the population based on survey indices. This study will assist the Egyptian government establish a monitoring program as an integral part of future crocodile harvest activities in Lake Nasser","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.348","usgsCitation":"Shirley, M.H., Dorazio, R.M., Abassery, E., Elhady, A.A., Mekki, M.S., and Asran, H.H., 2012, A sampling design and model for estimating abundance of Nile crocodiles while accounting for heterogeneity of detectability of multiple observers: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 76, no. 5, p. 966-975, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.348.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"966","endPage":"975","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262627,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.348"}],"country":"Egypt","otherGeospatial":"Lake Nasser","volume":"76","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edf90e4b022001d87bb35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shirley, Matthew H.","contributorId":9538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirley","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abassery, Ekramy","contributorId":39260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abassery","given":"Ekramy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elhady, Amr A.","contributorId":100259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elhady","given":"Amr","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mekki, Mohammed S.","contributorId":75398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mekki","given":"Mohammed","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Asran, Hosni H.","contributorId":38857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asran","given":"Hosni","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040345,"text":"70040345 - 2012 - A two-phase sampling design for increasing detections of rare species in occupancy surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040345","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A two-phase sampling design for increasing detections of rare species in occupancy surveys","docAbstract":"1. Occupancy estimation is a commonly used tool in ecological studies owing to the ease at which data can be collected and the large spatial extent that can be covered. One major obstacle to using an occupancy-based approach is the complications associated with designing and implementing an efficient survey. These logistical challenges become magnified when working with rare species when effort can be wasted in areas with none or very few individuals. 2. Here, we develop a two-phase sampling approach that mitigates these problems by using a design that places more effort in areas with higher predicted probability of occurrence. We compare our new sampling design to traditional single-season occupancy estimation under a range of conditions and population characteristics. We develop an intuitive measure of predictive error to compare the two approaches and use simulations to assess the relative accuracy of each approach. 3. Our two-phase approach exhibited lower predictive error rates compared to the traditional single-season approach in highly spatially correlated environments. The difference was greatest when detection probability was high (0&middot;75) regardless of the habitat or sample size. When the true occupancy rate was below 0&middot;4 (0&middot;05-0&middot;4), we found that allocating 25% of the sample to the first phase resulted in the lowest error rates. 4. In the majority of scenarios, the two-phase approach showed lower error rates compared to the traditional single-season approach suggesting our new approach is fairly robust to a broad range of conditions and design factors and merits use under a wide variety of settings. 5. Synthesis and applications. Conservation and management of rare species are a challenging task facing natural resource managers. It is critical for studies involving rare species to efficiently allocate effort and resources as they are usually of a finite nature. We believe our approach provides a framework for optimal allocation of effort while maximizing the information content of the data in an attempt to provide the highest conservation value per unit of effort.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00201.x","usgsCitation":"Pacifici, K., Dorazio, R.M., and Dorazio, M.J., 2012, A two-phase sampling design for increasing detections of rare species in occupancy surveys: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 4, p. 721-730, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00201.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"730","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474315,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00201.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262630,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00201.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edf98e4b022001d87bb39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pacifici, Krishna","contributorId":26564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pacifici","given":"Krishna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":468129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, Michael J.","contributorId":73052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004896,"text":"70004896 - 2012 - Potential effects of climate change on the distribution of waterbirds in the Prairie Pothole Region, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:53:11","indexId":"70004896","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of climate change on the distribution of waterbirds in the Prairie Pothole Region, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Wetland-dependent birds are considered to be at particularly high risk for negative climate change effects. Current and future distributions of American Bittern (<i>Botaurus lentiginosus</i>), American Coot (<i>Fulica americana</i>), Black Tern (<i>Chlidonias niger</i>), Pied-billed Grebe (<i>Podilymbus podiceps</i>) and Sora (<i>Porzana carolina</i>), five waterbird species common in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), were predicted using species distribution models (SDMs) in combination with climate data that projected a drier future for the PPR. Regional-scale SDMs were created for the U.S. PPR using breeding bird survey occurrence records for 1971-2000 and wetland and climate parameters. For each waterbird species, current distribution and four potential future distributions were predicted: all combinations of two Global Circulation Models and two emissions scenarios. Averaged for all five species, the ensemble range reduction was 64%. However, projected range losses for individual species varied widely with Sora and Black Tern projected to lose close to 100% and American Bittern 29% of their current range. Future distributions were also projected to a hypothetical landscape where wetlands were numerous and constant to highlight areas suitable as conservation reserves under a drier future climate. The ensemble model indicated that northeastern North Dakota and northern Minnesota would be the best areas for conservation reserves within the U.S. PPR under the modeled conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.035.0204","usgsCitation":"Steen, V., and Powell, A., 2012, Potential effects of climate change on the distribution of waterbirds in the Prairie Pothole Region, U.S.A.: Waterbirds, v. 35, no. 2, p. 217-229, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0204.","startPage":"217","endPage":"229","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031024","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262638,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota;South Dakota;Minnesota;Iowa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 104.07,41.41 ], [ 104.07,49.03 ], [ 92.96,49.03 ], [ 92.96,41.41 ], [ 104.07,41.41 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee068e4b022001d87bb92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steen, Valerie vsteen@usgs.gov","contributorId":5598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steen","given":"Valerie","email":"vsteen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Abby N. abby_powell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby N.","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":351626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040318,"text":"ofr20121185 - 2012 - 2011 Year in review - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T14:26:49","indexId":"ofr20121185","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1185","title":"2011 Year in review - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center","docAbstract":"The USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center's 2011 Year in Review is an annual report recounting the broad scope of the Center's 2011 accomplishments. The report covers preparations for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) launch, the ever-increasing use of free Landsat data, monitoring the effects of natural hazards, and more to emphasize the importance of innovation in using satellite data to study change over time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121185","usgsCitation":"2012, 2011 Year in review - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1185, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121185.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1185.jpg"},{"id":262580,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262581,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1185/ofr2012-1185.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Sioux Falls","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.840384,43.465702 ], [ -96.840384,43.798528 ], [ -96.530628,43.798528 ], [ -96.530628,43.465702 ], [ -96.840384,43.465702 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4927e4b0b290850eeeba","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Johnson, Rebecca L. 0000-0002-8771-6161 rljohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-6161","contributorId":178874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Rebecca","email":"rljohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730608,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040324,"text":"ds716 - 2012 - High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:26:28","indexId":"ds716","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"716","title":"High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000","docAbstract":"Crater Lake partially fills the caldera that formed approximately 7,700 years ago during the eruption of a 12,000-foot volcano known as Mount Mazama. The caldera-forming or climactic eruption of Mount Mazama devastated the surrounding landscape, left a thick deposit of pumice and ash in adjacent valleys, and spread a blanket of volcanic ash as far away as southern Canada. Because the Crater Lake region is potentially volcanically active, knowledge of past events is important to understanding hazards from future eruptions. Similarly, because the area is seismically active, documenting and evaluating geologic faults is critical to assessing hazards from earthquakes. As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey was awarded funding for high-precision airborne LiDAR (<b>Li</b>ght <b>D</b>etection <b>A</b>nd <b>R</b>anging) data collection at several volcanoes in the Cascade Range through the Oregon LiDAR Consortium, administered by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI). The Oregon LiDAR Consortium contracted with Watershed Sciences, Inc., to conduct the data collection surveys. Collaborating agencies participating with the Oregon LiDAR Consortium for data collection in the Crater Lake region include Crater Lake National Park (National Park Service) and the Federal Highway Administration. In the immediate vicinity of Crater Lake National Park, 798 square kilometers of LiDAR data were collected, providing a digital elevation dataset of the ground surface beneath forest cover with an average resolution of 1.6 laser returns/m<sup>2</sup> and both vertical and horizontal accuracies of &plusmn;5 cm. The LiDAR data were mosaicked in this report with bathymetry of the lake floor of Crater Lake, collected in 2000 using high-resolution multibeam sonar in a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey, Crater Lake National Park, and the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire. The bathymetric survey collected 16 million soundings with a spatial resolution of 2 meters using an EM1002 system owned and operated by C&C Technologies, Inc. The combined LiDAR and bathymetric dataset has a cell size of 1 meter and will contribute to understanding past volcanic events and their deposits, recognizing of faults and volcanic landforms, and quantifying landscape modification during and after the next volcanic eruption at Crater Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds716","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., 2012, High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 716, Elevation Data Zip File; FGDC Metadata Files; CraterLakeDeliveryReport: 18 p.; CraterLakeAcceptanceReport: 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds716.","productDescription":"Elevation Data Zip File; FGDC Metadata Files; CraterLakeDeliveryReport: 18 p.; CraterLakeAcceptanceReport: 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_716.gif"},{"id":262575,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262574,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/DS716-CraterLake_LiDAR.zip"},{"id":262576,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/CraterLakeDeliveryReport.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/CraterLakeAcceptanceReport.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crate Lake;Mount Mazama","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.303132,42.767484 ], [ -122.303132,43.089087 ], [ -121.967386,43.089087 ], [ -121.967386,42.767484 ], [ -122.303132,42.767484 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507c6695e4b0f026455bc94e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Joel E. 0000-0002-5193-3666 jrobins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3666","contributorId":2757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Joel E.","email":"jrobins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040317,"text":"ofr20121168 - 2012 - waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:25:21","indexId":"ofr20121168","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1168","title":"waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0","docAbstract":"Hydrologic time series data and associated anomalies (multiple components of the original time series representing variability at longer-term and shorter-term time scales) are useful for modeling trends in hydrologic variables, such as streamflow, and for modeling water-quality constituents. An R package, called waterData, has been developed for importing daily hydrologic time series data from U.S. Geological Survey streamgages into the R programming environment. In addition to streamflow, data retrieval may include gage height and continuous physical property data, such as specific conductance, pH, water temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. The package allows for importing daily hydrologic data into R, plotting the data, fixing common data problems, summarizing the data, and the calculation and graphical presentation of anomalies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121168","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Ryberg, K.R., and Vecchia, A.V., 2012, waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0 (Version 1.0 - October 12, 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1168, Report: iv, 8 p.; Appendixes 1-2, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121168.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 8 p.; Appendixes 1-2","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1168.gif"},{"id":262582,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1168/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262583,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1168/of12-1168.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0 - October 12, 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507d2380e4b0905c2a76c029","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryberg, Karen R. 0000-0002-9834-2046 kryberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-2046","contributorId":1172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"Karen","email":"kryberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156665,"text":"70156665 - 2012 - Dark and background response stability for the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:31:21","indexId":"70156665","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Dark and background response stability for the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) is a pushbroom sensor that will be a part of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), which is a joint mission between NASA and the USGS. The TIRS instrument will continue to collect the thermal infrared data that are currently being collected by the Thematic Mapper and the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus on Landsats 5 and 7, respectively. One of the key requirements of the new sensor is that the dark and background response be stable to ensure proper data continuity from the legacy Landsat instruments. Pre launch testing of the instrument has recently been completed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), which included calibration collects that mimic those that will be performed on orbit. These collects include images of a cold plate meant to simulate the deep space calibration source as viewed by the instrument in flight. The data from these collects give insight into the stability of the instrument&rsquo;s dark and background response, as well as factors that may cause these responses to vary. This paper quantifies the measured background and dark response of TIRS as well as its stability.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE volume 8510","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XVII","conferenceDate":"August 13-16, 2012","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, California","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.930139","usgsCitation":"Vanderwerff, K., and Montanaro, M., 2012, Dark and background response stability for the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE volume 8510, San Diego, California, August 13-16, 2012, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/12.930139.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039642","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91b0e4b0518e354dd147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vanderwerff, Kelly kvanderwerff@usgs.gov","contributorId":4617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderwerff","given":"Kelly","email":"kvanderwerff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montanaro, Matthew","contributorId":147004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montanaro","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040282,"text":"ds687 - 2012 - Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-12T17:16:08","indexId":"ds687","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"687","title":"Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Population growth and changes in land use have the potential to affect water quality and quantity in the upper Gunnison River Basin. In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, City of Gunnison, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Crested Butte South Metropolitan District, Gunnison County, Hinsdale County, Mount Crested Butte Water and Sanitation District, National Park Service, Town of Crested Butte, U.S. Forest Service, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, and Western State College, established a water-quality monitoring program in the upper Gunnison River Basin to characterize current water-quality conditions and to assess the effects of increased urban development and other land-use changes on water quality. The monitoring network has evolved into two groups of sites: (1) sites that are considered long term and (2) sites that are considered rotational. Data from the long-term sites assist in defining temporal changes in water quality (how conditions may change over time). The rotational sites assist in the spatial definition of water-quality conditions (how conditions differ throughout the basin) and address local and short-term concerns. Biannual summaries of the water-quality data from the monitoring network provide a point of reference for stakeholder discussions regarding the location and purpose of water-quality monitoring sites in the upper Gunnison River Basin. This report compares and summarizes the data collected during water years 2008 and 2009 to the historical data available at these sites. The introduction provides a map of the sampling sites, definitions of terms, and a one-page summary of selected water-quality conditions at the network sites. The remainder of the report is organized around the data collected at individual sites. Data collected during water years 2008 and 2009 are compared to historical data, State water-quality standards, and Federal water-quality guidelines. A seasonal Kendall test for trend analysis is completed when there is sufficient data (typically >5 years) at the station. Data were collected following USGS protocols.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds687","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, City of Gunnison, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Crested Butte South Metropolitan District, Gunnison County, Hinsdale County, Mount Crested Butte Water and Sanitation District, National Park Service, Town of Crested Butte, U.S. Forest Service, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, and Western State College","usgsCitation":"Solberg, P.A., Moore, B., and Blacklock, T.D., 2012, Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 687, vi, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds687.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_687.gif"},{"id":262541,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/687/DS687.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262540,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/687/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Gunnison River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,37.9167 ], [ -107.5,39.00 ], [ -106.5,39.00 ], [ -106.5,37.9167 ], [ -107.5,37.9167 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507995bce4b008dc419c53de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solberg, Patricia A. psolberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":2418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solberg","given":"Patricia","email":"psolberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Bryan bmoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Bryan","email":"bmoore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blacklock, Ty D. tblacklo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blacklock","given":"Ty","email":"tblacklo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171528,"text":"70171528 - 2012 - Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T13:57:35","indexId":"70171528","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p>Material exports by rivers, particularly carbon exports, provide insight to basin geology, weathering, and ecological processes within the basin. Accurate accounting of those exports is valuable to understanding present, past, and projected basin-wide changes in those processes. We calculated lateral export of inorganic and organic carbon (IC and OC) from rivers draining the conterminous United States using stream gaging and water quality data from more than 100 rivers. Approximately 90% of land area and 80% of water export were included, which enabled a continental-scale estimate using minor extrapolation. Total carbon export was 41&ndash;49 Tg C yr<sup>&minus;1</sup>. IC was &gt;75% of export and exceeded OC export in every region except the southeastern Atlantic seaboard. The 10 largest rivers, by discharge, accounted for 66% of water export and carried 74 and 62% of IC and OC export, respectively. Watershed carbon yield for the conterminous United States was 4.2 and 1.3 g C m<sup>&minus;2</sup> yr<sup>&minus;1</sup> for IC and OC, respectively. The dominance of IC export was unexpected but is consistent with geologic models suggesting high weathering rates in the continental United States due to the prevalence of easily weathered sedimentary rock.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart","doi":"10.5268/IW-2.4.510","usgsCitation":"Stets, E., and Striegl, R.G., 2012, Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States: Inland Waters, v. 2, p. 177-184, https://doi.org/10.5268/IW-2.4.510.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039157","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5268/iw-2.4.510","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158ade4b053f0edd03c21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stets, Edward G. estets@usgs.gov","contributorId":152533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stets","given":"Edward G.","email":"estets@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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