Examination of key outcrops in the eastern Blue Ridge in southern Virginia and northwestern North Carolina is used to evaluate existing stratigraphic and structural models. Recent detailed mapping along the Blue Ridge Parkway and the eastern flank of the Mount Rogers massif provides the opportunity to (1) evaluate legacy data and interpretations and (2) formulate new ideas for regional correlation of eastern Blue Ridge geology.
\nLynchburg Group rocks in central Virginia (metagraywacke, quartzite, graphitic schist, amphibolite, and ultramafic rocks) carry southward along strike where they transition with other units. Wills Ridge Formation consists of graphitic schist, metagraywacke, and metaconglomerate, and marks the western boundary of the eastern Blue Ridge. The Ashe Formation consists of conglomeratic metagraywacke in southern Virginia, and mica gneiss, mica schist, and ultramafic rocks in North Carolina. The overlying Alligator Back Formation shows characteristic compositional pin-striped layers in mica gneiss, schist, and amphibolite.
\nThe contact between eastern Blue Ridge stratified rocks above Mesoproterozoic basement rocks is mostly faulted (Gossan Lead and Red Valley). The Callaway fault juxtaposes Ashe and Lynchburg rocks above Wills Ridge Formation. Alligator Back Formation rocks overlie Ashe and Lynchburg rocks along the Rock Castle Creek fault, which juxtaposes rocks of different metamorphism. The fault separates major structural domains: rocks with one penetrative foliation in the footwall, and pin-striped recrystallized compositional layering, superposed penetrative foliations, and cleavage characterize the hanging wall. These relationships are ambiguous along strike to the southwest, where the Ashe and Alligator Back formations are recrystallized at higher metamorphic grades.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2014.0035(07)","usgsCitation":"Carter, M.W., and Merschat, A.J., 2014, Stratigraphy, structure and regional correlation of eastern Blue Ridge sequences in southern Virginia and northwestern North Carolina: an interim report from new USGS mapping: GSA Field Guides, v. 35, p. 215-241, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.0035(07).","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054099","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.4581298828125,\n 36.45000844447082\n ],\n [\n -81.4581298828125,\n 37.13842453422676\n ],\n [\n -80.08209228515625,\n 37.13842453422676\n ],\n [\n -80.08209228515625,\n 36.45000844447082\n ],\n [\n -81.4581298828125,\n 36.45000844447082\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54faddbce4b02419550db6e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Mark W. 0000-0003-0460-7638 mcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-7638","contributorId":4808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Mark","email":"mcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merschat, Arthur J. 0000-0002-9314-4067 amerschat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-4067","contributorId":4556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merschat","given":"Arthur","email":"amerschat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129332,"text":"ofr20131125 - 2014 - Bathymetric Terrain Model of the Puerto Rico Trench and the Northeastern Caribbean Region for Marine Geological Investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T11:33:36","indexId":"ofr20131125","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1125","title":"Bathymetric Terrain Model of the Puerto Rico Trench and the Northeastern Caribbean Region for Marine Geological Investigations","docAbstract":"Multibeam bathymetry data collected in the Puerto Rico Trench and Northeast Caribbean region are compiled into a seamless bathymetric terrain model for broad-scale geological investigations of the trench system. These data, collected during eight separate surveys between 2002 and 2013, covering almost 180,000 square kilometers are published here in large format map sheet and digital spatial data. This report describes the common multibeam data collection, and processing methods used to produce the bathymetric terrain model and corresponding data source polygon. Details documenting the complete provenance of the data are also provided in the metadata in the Data Catalog section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131125","usgsCitation":"Andrews, B., ten Brink, U., Danforth, W.W., Chaytor, J.D., Granja-Bruna, J., and Carbo-Gorosabel, A., 2014, Bathymetric Terrain Model of the Puerto Rico Trench and the Northeastern Caribbean Region for Marine Geological Investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1125, online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131125.","productDescription":"online only","startPage":"1-10","ipdsId":"IP-046051","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296255,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1125/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f032e4b0bc0bec09f5fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Brian D. bandrews@usgs.gov","contributorId":2132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian D.","email":"bandrews@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason D. jchaytor@usgs.gov","contributorId":127559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason","email":"jchaytor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Granja-Bruna, J","contributorId":127563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granja-Bruna","given":"J","affiliations":[{"id":7051,"text":"Technophysics Group, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carbo-Gorosabel, A","contributorId":118472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carbo-Gorosabel","given":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70145807,"text":"70145807 - 2014 - A comparison of resident fish assemblages in managed and unmanaged coastal wetlands in North Carolina and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-09T12:57:17","indexId":"70145807","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of resident fish assemblages in managed and unmanaged coastal wetlands in North Carolina and South Carolina","docAbstract":"The dominant fish species within impounded coastal wetlands in the southeastern US may be different from the species that dominate natural marshes. We tested the hypothesis that resident fish assemblages inhabiting impounded coastal wetlands in South Carolina would differ from resident assemblages in natural marshes of the southeastern United States. We used rarefied species richness, Shannon's H' diversity,J' evenness, Morisita's index of similarity, and the percent similarity index to compare resident fish assemblages from two impoundments to 12 open-marsh resident fish assemblages from previously published studies in North and South Carolina. We used rotenone to sample fish assemblages in impoundments. The assemblages in natural marsh habitat had been sampled with rotenone and seines. We classified comparisons yielding a similarity index ≥0.50 as moderately similar and those with an index ≥0.75 as very similar. Fifty-three percent of the among-impoundment comparisons (Morisita's index) were at least moderately similar, whereas 7% of impoundment—natural marsh comparisons were moderately similar. A difference in tidal influence was the only parameter in the best-fitting model describing the observed Morisita's indices. The index of similarity decreased by 63% when tidal influence differed between compared assemblages. Species richness and diversity were greater in impoundments than natural marshes, but evenness was similar between habitat types. Our results support the hypothesis that resident fish assemblages in impounded wetlands and natural marshes are different, and suggest that a degree of tidal influence is the most important factor behind the difference.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/058.013.0207","usgsCitation":"Robinson, K., and Jennings, C.A., 2014, A comparison of resident fish assemblages in managed and unmanaged coastal wetlands in North Carolina and South Carolina: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 13, no. 2, p. 237-260, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.013.0207.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"260","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052529","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Combahee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 31.93351676190369\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 32.95336814579932\n ],\n [\n -79.639892578125,\n 32.95336814579932\n ],\n [\n -79.639892578125,\n 31.93351676190369\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 31.93351676190369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5527a2aae4b026915857c847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Kelly F.","contributorId":140157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Kelly F.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":473,"text":"New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70142505,"text":"70142505 - 2014 - Projecting future grassland productivity to assess thesustainability of potential biofuel feedstock areas in theGreater Platte River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:21:20","indexId":"70142505","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1718,"text":"GCB Bioenergy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projecting future grassland productivity to assess thesustainability of potential biofuel feedstock areas in theGreater Platte River Basin","docAbstract":"This study projects future (e.g., 2050 and 2099) grassland productivities in the Greater Platte River Basin (GPRB) using ecosystem performance (EP, a surrogate for measuring ecosystem productivity) models and future climate projections. The EP models developed from a previous study were based on the satellite vegetation index, site geophysical and biophysical features, and weather and climate drivers. The future climate data used in this study were derived from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model 3.0 ‘SRES A1B’ (a ‘middle’ emissions path). The main objective of this study is to assess the future sustainability of the potential biofuel feedstock areas identified in a previous study. Results show that the potential biofuel feedstock areas (the more mesic eastern part of the GPRB) will remain productive (i.e., aboveground grassland biomass productivity >2750 kg ha−1 year−1) with a slight increasing trend in the future. The spatially averaged EPs for these areas are 3519, 3432, 3557, 3605, 3752, and 3583 kg ha−1 year−1 for current site potential (2000–2008 average), 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050, and 2099, respectively. Therefore, the identified potential biofuel feedstock areas will likely continue to be sustainable for future biofuel development. On the other hand, grasslands identified as having no biofuel potential in the drier western part of the GPRB would be expected to stay unproductive in the future (spatially averaged EPs are 1822, 1691, 1896, 2306, 1994, and 2169 kg ha−1 year−1 for site potential, 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050, and 2099). These areas should continue to be unsuitable for biofuel feedstock development in the future. These future grassland productivity estimation maps can help land managers to understand and adapt to the expected changes in future EP in the GPRB and to assess the future sustainability and feasibility of potential biofuel feedstock areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"WIley","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.12059","usgsCitation":"Gu, Y., Wylie, B.K., Boyte, S.P., and Phuyal, K.P., 2014, Projecting future grassland productivity to assess thesustainability of potential biofuel feedstock areas in theGreater Platte River Basin: GCB Bioenergy, v. 6, no. 1, p. 35-43, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12059.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"43","ipdsId":"IP-041312","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12059","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54faddbbe4b02419550db6df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Yingxin 0000-0002-3544-1856 ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":139586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyte, Stephen P. 0000-0002-5462-3225 sboyte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-3225","contributorId":139238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyte","given":"Stephen","email":"sboyte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phuyal, Khem P.","contributorId":28517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phuyal","given":"Khem","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70136244,"text":"70136244 - 2014 - The case for a modern multiwavelength, polarization-sensitive LIDAR in orbit around Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-18T11:13:04","indexId":"70136244","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3850,"text":"Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The case for a modern multiwavelength, polarization-sensitive LIDAR in orbit around Mars","docAbstract":"We present the scientific case to build a multiple-wavelength, active, near-infrared (NIR) instrument to measure the reflected intensity and polarization characteristics of backscattered radiation from planetary surfaces and atmospheres. We focus on the ability of such an instrument to enhance, perhaps revolutionize, our understanding of climate, volatiles and astrobiological potential of modern-day Mars.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.10.021","usgsCitation":"Brown, A.J., Michaels, T.I., Byrne, S., Sun, W., Titus, T.N., Colaprete, A., Wolff, M.J., Videen, G., and Grund, C.J., 2014, The case for a modern multiwavelength, polarization-sensitive LIDAR in orbit around Mars: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, v. 115, p. 131-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.10.021.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"143","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057073","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.0030","text":"External Repository"},{"id":298701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"115","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550aa1c0e4b02e76d7590c0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Adrian J.","contributorId":106032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michaels, Timothy I.","contributorId":38883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaels","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sun, Wenbo","contributorId":131093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Wenbo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7239,"text":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Colaprete, Anthony","contributorId":62079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colaprete","given":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wolff, Michael J.","contributorId":131094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7038,"text":"Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Videen, Gorden","contributorId":131095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Videen","given":"Gorden","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7038,"text":"Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Grund, Christian J.","contributorId":139712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grund","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70156247,"text":"70156247 - 2014 - Modeling structured population dynamics using data from unmarked individuals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T15:08:48","indexId":"70156247","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling structured population dynamics using data from unmarked individuals","docAbstract":"The study of population dynamics requires unbiased, precise estimates of abundance and vital rates that account for the demographic structure inherent in all wildlife and plant populations. Traditionally, these estimates have only been available through approaches that rely on intensive mark–recapture data. We extended recently developed N-mixture models to demonstrate how demographic parameters and abundance can be estimated for structured populations using only stage-structured count data. Our modeling framework can be used to make reliable inferences on abundance as well as recruitment, immigration, stage-specific survival, and detection rates during sampling. We present a range of simulations to illustrate the data requirements, including the number of years and locations necessary for accurate and precise parameter estimates. We apply our modeling framework to a population of northern dusky salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus) in the mid-Atlantic region (USA) and find that the population is unexpectedly declining. Our approach represents a valuable advance in the estimation of population dynamics using multistate data from unmarked individuals and should additionally be useful in the development of integrated models that combine data from intensive (e.g., mark–recapture) and extensive (e.g., counts) data sources.
Conservation efforts for threatened or endangered species are challenging because the multi-scale factors that relate to their decline or inhibit their recovery are often unknown. To further exacerbate matters, the perceptions associated with the mechanisms of species decline are often viewed myopically rather than across the entire species range. We used over 80 years of fish presence data collected from the Great Plains and associated ecoregions of the United States, to investigate the relative influence of changing environmental factors on the historic and current truncated distributions of the Arkansas River shiner Notropis girardi. Arkansas River shiner represent a threatened reproductive ecotype considered especially well adapted to the harsh environmental extremes of the Great Plains. Historic (n = 163 records) and current (n = 47 records) species distribution models were constructed using a vector-based approach in MaxEnt by splitting the available data at a time when Arkansas River shiner dramatically declined. Discharge and stream order were significant predictors in both models; however, the shape of the relationship between the predictors and species presence varied between time periods. Drift distance (river fragment length available for ichthyoplankton downstream drift before meeting a barrier) was a more important predictor in the current model and indicated river segments 375–780 km had the highest probability of species presence. Performance for the historic and current models was high (area under the curve; AUC > 0.95); however, forecasting and backcasting to alternative time periods suggested less predictive power. Our results identify fragments that could be considered refuges for endemic plains fish species and we highlight significant environmental factors (e.g., discharge) that could be manipulated to aid recovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12329","usgsCitation":"Worthington, T.A., Brewer, S.K., Grabowski, T.B., and Mueller, J., 2014, Backcasting the decline of a vulnerable Great Plains reproductive ecotype: identifying threats and conservation priorities: Global Change Biology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 89-102, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12329.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045497","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.9736328125,\n 34.052659421375964\n ],\n [\n -107.9736328125,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 34.052659421375964\n ],\n [\n -107.9736328125,\n 34.052659421375964\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554dde29e4b082ec54129f19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worthington, Thomas A.","contributorId":140662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Worthington","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, Julia","contributorId":140663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Julia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156245,"text":"70156245 - 2014 - Stream water temperature limits occupancy of salamanders in mid-Atlantic protected areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-10T16:55:27.401072","indexId":"70156245","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream water temperature limits occupancy of salamanders in mid-Atlantic protected areas","docAbstract":"Stream ecosystems are particularly sensitive to urbanization, and tolerance of water-quality parameters is likely important to population persistence of stream salamanders. Forecasted climate and landscape changes may lead to significant changes in stream flow, chemical composition, and temperatures in coming decades. Protected areas where landscape alterations are minimized will therefore become increasingly important for salamander populations. We surveyed 29 streams at three national parks in the highly urbanized greater metropolitan area of Washington, DC. We investigated relationships among water-quality variables and occupancy of three species of stream salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus, Eurycea bislineata, and Pseudotriton ruber). With the use of a set of site-occupancy models, and accounting for imperfect detection, we found that stream-water temperature limits salamander occupancy. There was substantial uncertainty about the effects of the other water-quality variables, although both specific conductance (SC) and pH were included in competitive models. Our estimates of occupancy suggest that temperature, SC, and pH have some importance in structuring stream salamander distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/12-138","usgsCitation":"Grant, E., Wiewel, A., and Rice, K.C., 2014, Stream water temperature limits occupancy of salamanders in mid-Atlantic protected areas: Journal of Herpetology, v. 48, no. 1, p. 45-50, https://doi.org/10.1670/12-138.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061664","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, Prince William Forest Park, Rock Creek Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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This new method provides more accurate results, particularly for species that make large excursions in the vertical dimension. The downside of this approach is that it is much more computationally expensive than simpler, lower-dimensional models. Through a combination of code restructuring, parallelization and performance optimization, we were able to reduce the time to solution by up to a factor of 1000x, thereby greatly improving the applicability of the method.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Conference on Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"2014 Annual Conference on Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment","conferenceDate":"July 13-18, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA","language":"English","publisher":"ACM","doi":"10.1145/2616498.2616522","usgsCitation":"Tracey-PR, J., Sheppard, J.K., Lockwood, G.K., Chourasia, A., Tatineni, M., Fisher, R.N., and Sinkovits, R.S., 2014, Efficient 3D movement-based kernel density estimator and application to wildlife ecology, in Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Conference on Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment, Atlanta, GA, July 13-18, 2014, art14, https://doi.org/10.1145/2616498.2616522.","productDescription":"art14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057568","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa32e4b0518e3546bc37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tracey-PR, Jeff 0000-0002-1619-1054 jatracey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-1054","contributorId":143685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracey-PR","given":"Jeff","email":"jatracey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheppard, James K.","contributorId":76982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lockwood, Glenn K.","contributorId":143686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lockwood","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":15303,"text":"University of California, San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chourasia, Amit","contributorId":143687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chourasia","given":"Amit","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":15303,"text":"University of California, San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tatineni, Mahidhar","contributorId":143688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tatineni","given":"Mahidhar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":15303,"text":"University of California, San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sinkovits, Robert S.","contributorId":143689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sinkovits","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":15303,"text":"University of California, San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70150325,"text":"70150325 - 2014 - Predicting connectivity of green turtles at Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific: a focus on mtDNA and dispersal modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T12:06:46","indexId":"70150325","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2567,"text":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting connectivity of green turtles at Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific: a focus on mtDNA and dispersal modelling","docAbstract":"Population connectivity and spatial distribution are fundamentally related to ecology, evolution and behaviour. Here, we combined powerful genetic analysis with simulations of particle dispersal in a high-resolution ocean circulation model to investigate the distribution of green turtles foraging at the remote Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, central Pacific. We analysed mitochondrial sequences from turtles (n = 349) collected there over 5 years (2008–2012). Genetic analysis assigned natal origins almost exclusively (approx. 97%) to the West Central and South Central Pacific combined Regional Management Units. Further, our modelling results indicated that turtles could potentially drift from rookeries to Palmyra Atoll via surface currents along a near-Equatorial swathe traversing the Pacific. Comparing findings from genetics and modelling highlighted the complex impacts of ocean currents and behaviour on natal origins. Although the Palmyra feeding ground was highly differentiated genetically from others in the Indo-Pacific, there was no significant differentiation among years, sexes or stage-classes at the Refuge. Understanding the distribution of this foraging population advances knowledge of green turtles and contributes to effective conservation planning for this threatened species.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2013.0888","usgsCitation":"Naro-Maciel, E., Gaughran, S.J., Putman, N.F., Amato, G., Arengo, F., Dutton, P.H., McFadden, K., Vintinner, E.C., and Sterling, E.J., 2014, Predicting connectivity of green turtles at Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific: a focus on mtDNA and dispersal modelling: Journal of the Royal Society Interface, v. 11, no. 93, e20130888: 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0888.","productDescription":"e20130888: 13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049447","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0888","text":"External Repository"},{"id":305532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"93","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950f36e4b0b6d21dd6cbfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naro-Maciel, Eugenia","contributorId":138902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naro-Maciel","given":"Eugenia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12576,"text":"College of Staten Island, Staten Island, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaughran, Stephen J.","contributorId":145436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaughran","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Putman, Nathan Freeman","contributorId":145423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Putman","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"Freeman","affiliations":[{"id":16119,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amato, George","contributorId":45579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amato","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arengo, Felicity","contributorId":145437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arengo","given":"Felicity","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dutton, Peter H.","contributorId":98029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutton","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McFadden, Katherine W. kwmcfadden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFadden","given":"Katherine W.","email":"kwmcfadden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":556708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vintinner, Erin C.","contributorId":145438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vintinner","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sterling, Eleanor J.","contributorId":145439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sterling","given":"Eleanor","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70143455,"text":"70143455 - 2014 - An ecological response model for the Cache la Poudre River through Fort Collins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T16:19:01","indexId":"70143455","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"An ecological response model for the Cache la Poudre River through Fort Collins","docAbstract":"The Poudre River Ecological Response Model (ERM) is a collaborative effort initiated by the City of Fort Collins and a team of nine river scientists to provide the City with a tool to improve its understanding of the past, present, and likely future conditions of the Cache la Poudre River ecosystem. The overall ecosystem condition is described through the measurement of key ecological indicators such as shape and character of the stream channel and banks, streamside plant communities and floodplain wetlands, aquatic vegetation and insects, and fishes, both coolwater trout and warmwater native species. The 13- mile-long study area of the Poudre River flows through Fort Collins, Colorado, and is located in an ecological transition zone between the upstream, cold-water, steep-gradient system in the Front Range of the Southern Rocky Mountains and the downstream, warm-water, low-gradient reach in the Colorado high plains.
\nThe City wanted to better understand the ecological response of the Poudre River ecosystem to potential changes in stream flow and other physical parameters through the conceptual framework of a multivariable integrated model. This goal was met through the use of a probabilistic model based on Bayesian concepts. This construct allowed the integration of a wide range of data and expert opinion (as informed by local data) to predict potential changes to ecosystem conditions under various flow scenarios. Nine flow scenarios representing past, present, and possible future hydrology were developed as the primary model input. Both reach-scale drivers such as stream channel conditions and pollutant loads, as well as ecological conditions, including species composition, interactions, and habitat requirements influenced model-predicted ecosystem outcomes. Model output consisted of probability distributions for eight ecological indicators collectively representing the physical setting, aquatic life, and riparian habitats of the river ecosystem.
\nWe are confident in model predictions related to probable trends, relative magnitude of changes and potential ecosystem responses to changing flow conditions, though data availability and the process of converting diverse data types into a common unit (probabilities) limit precision of individual results. Key findings suggest that:
\nEnvironmental flows that combine stable and adequate flows in base-flow periods with occasional rejuvenating high flows that meet target levels defined in this study are likely improve all biological indicators across the system. ERM test scenarios that include both stable base flows and rejuvenating high flows indicate that substantial improvements in the river ecosystem can be achieved with improved management of flow volumes similar to those observed in the river during the last half century of intensive water development. These results underscore the possibility of improving the river ecosystem through active management while still maintaining the Poudre’s diverse economic benefits and role as a working river.
\nThe ERM was designed to represent the multi-dimensional ecological character of the contemporary urban Poudre River. It provides a scientific foundation that can serve as a decision support tool and foster a more informed community discussion about the future of the river as it provides a better understanding of the likely response of the Poudre River ecosystem to environmental flow management and other stewardship activities. In particular, model results can assist managers in developing specific management actions to achieve desirable goals for key indicators of river health.
","language":"English","publisher":"City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Department","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Shanahan, J., Baker, D., Bledsoe, B.P., Poff, L., Merritt, D.M., Bestgen, K.R., Auble, G.T., Kondratieff, B.C., Stokes, J., Lorie, M., and Sanderson, J., 2014, An ecological response model for the Cache la Poudre River through Fort Collins, xv, 95 p.","productDescription":"xv, 95 p.","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056554","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298735,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fcgov.com/naturalareas/eco-response.php"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Cache la Poudre River Watershed, Poudre River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.15426635742188,\n 40.49395938772784\n ],\n [\n -105.15426635742188,\n 40.63896734381723\n ],\n [\n -104.9798583984375,\n 40.63896734381723\n ],\n [\n -104.9798583984375,\n 40.49395938772784\n ],\n [\n -105.15426635742188,\n 40.49395938772784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdaee4b0f1bea0e0f816","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanahan, Jennifer","contributorId":172960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shanahan","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Daniel","contributorId":172961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bledsoe, Brian P.","contributorId":140605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bledsoe","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13538,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poff, LeRoy","contributorId":172962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poff","given":"LeRoy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merritt, David M.","contributorId":95976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bestgen, Kevin R. 0000-0001-8691-2227","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8691-2227","contributorId":171573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bestgen","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kondratieff, Boris C.","contributorId":24868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"Boris","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17860,"text":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stokes, John","contributorId":172963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stokes","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lorie, Mark","contributorId":172964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorie","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sanderson, John","contributorId":172965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanderson","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70137265,"text":"70137265 - 2014 - Hillslope-scale experiment demonstrates role of convergence during two-step saturation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-07T10:55:17","indexId":"70137265","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hillslope-scale experiment demonstrates role of convergence during two-step saturation","docAbstract":"Subsurface flow and storage dynamics at hillslope scale are difficult to ascertain, often in part due to a lack of sufficient high-resolution measurements and an incomplete understanding of boundary conditions, soil properties, and other environmental aspects. A continuous and extreme rainfall experiment on an artificial hillslope at Biosphere 2's Landscape Evolution Observatory (LEO) resulted in saturation excess overland flow and gully erosion in the convergent hillslope area. An array of 496 soil moisture sensors revealed a two-step saturation process. First, the downward movement of the wetting front brought soils to a relatively constant but still unsaturated moisture content. Second, soils were brought to saturated conditions from below in response to rising water tables. Convergent areas responded faster than upslope areas, due to contributions from lateral subsurface flow driven by the topography of the bottom boundary, which is comparable to impermeable bedrock in natural environments. This led to the formation of a groundwater ridge in the convergent area, triggering saturation excess runoff generation. This unique experiment demonstrates, at very high spatial and temporal resolution, the role of convergence on subsurface storage and flow dynamics. The results bring into question the representation of saturation excess overland flow in conceptual rainfall-runoff models and land-surface models, since flow is gravity-driven in many of these models and upper layers cannot become saturated from below. The results also provide a baseline to study the role of the co-evolution of ecological and hydrological processes in determining landscape water dynamics during future experiments in LEO.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hess-18-3681-2014","usgsCitation":"Gevaert, A., Teuling, A.J., Uijlenhoet, R., DeLong, S.B., Huxman, T., Pangle, L.A., Breshears, D.D., Chorover, J., Pelletier, J.D., Saleska, S., Zeng, X., and Troch, P.A., 2014, Hillslope-scale experiment demonstrates role of convergence during two-step saturation: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 18, p. 3681-1692, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3681-2014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3681","endPage":"1692","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057567","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3681-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bc3e4b08de9379b34b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gevaert, A. 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R.","contributorId":138520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saleska","given":"S. R.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zeng, X.","contributorId":138521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zeng","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Troch, Peter A.","contributorId":93704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troch","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70134311,"text":"ofr20141213 - 2014 - U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative - 2013 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:14:30","indexId":"ofr20141213","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1213","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative - 2013 Annual Report","docAbstract":"This is the sixth report produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) to detail annual activities conducted by USGS for addressing specific management needs identified by WLCI partners. In FY2013, there were 25 ongoing and new projects conducted by the USGS. These projects fall into 8 major categories: (1) synthesizing and analyzing existing data to describe (model and map) current conditions on the landscape; (2) developing models for projecting past and future landscape conditions; (3) monitoring indicators of ecosystem conditions and the effectiveness of on-the-ground habitat projects; (4) conducting research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying wildlife and habitat responses to changing land uses; (5) managing and making accessible the large number of databases, maps, and other products being developed; (6) helping to integrate WLCI outcomes with future habitat enhancement and research projects; (7) coordinating efforts among WLCI partners; and (8) providing support to WLCI decision-makers and assisting with overall evaluation of the WLCI program. The two new projects initiated in FY2013 address (1) important agricultural lands in southwestern Wyoming, and (2) the influence of energy development on native fish communities. The remaining activities entailed our ongoing efforts to compile data, model landscape conditions, monitor trends in habitat conditions, conduct studies of wildlife responses to energy development, and upgrade Web-based products in support of both individual and overall WLCI efforts.\r\nMilestone FY2013 accomplishments included completing the development of a WLCI inventory and monitoring framework and the associated monitoring strategies, protocols, and analytics; and initial development of an Interagency Inventory and Monitoring Database, which will be accessible through the Monitoring page of the WLCI Web site at http://www.wlci.gov/monitoring. We also completed the initial phase of the mountain shrub-mapping project in the Big Piney-La Barge mule deer winter range. Finally, a 3-year survey of pygmy rabbits in four major gas-field areas was completed and used to validate the pygmy rabbit habitat model/map developed earlier in the project. Important products that became available for use by WLCI partners included publication of USGS Data Series report (http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/800/pdf/ds800.pdf) that compiles our WLCI land cover and land use data, which depict current and historical patterns of sage-grouse habitat in relation to energy development and will be used to pose “what-if” scenarios to evaluate possible outcomes of alternative land-use strategies and practices on habitat and wildlife. Another important FY2013 product was a journal article (http://aapgbull.geoscienceworld.org/content/97/6/899.full) that describes the Mowry Shale and Frontier formation, which harbors coalbed methane and shale gas resources in Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, for use in future scenario-building work. We also produced maps and databases that depict the structure and condition of aspen stands in the Little Mountain Ecosystem, and then presented this information to the Bureau of Land Management, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and other interested entities for supporting aspen-management objectives.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141213","usgsCitation":"Bowen, Z.H., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P.J., Assal, T.J., Bern, C., Biewick, L.R., Boughton, G.K., Chalfoun, A.D., Chong, G.W., Dematatis, M.K., Fedy, B., Garman, S.L., Germaine, S., Hethcoat, M.G., Homer, C.G., Huber, C., Kauffman, M., Latysh, N., Manier, D.J., Melcher, C.P., Miller, K.A., Potter, C.J., Schell, S., Sweat, M.J., Walters, A.W., and Wilson, A.B., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative - 2013 Annual Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1213, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141213.","startPage":"60","ipdsId":"IP-058179","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296296,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1213/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54759a1ee4b042f27ef134ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick J. 0000-0003-2281-389X andersonpj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-389X","contributorId":3590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","email":"andersonpj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bern, Carleton R. cbern@usgs.gov","contributorId":127601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"Carleton R.","email":"cbern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Biewick, Laura R lbiewick@usgs.gov","contributorId":127602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biewick","given":"Laura","email":"lbiewick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science 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geneva_chong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3883-5153","contributorId":419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"Geneva","email":"geneva_chong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dematatis, Marie K. mdematatis@usgs.gov","contributorId":5895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dematatis","given":"Marie","email":"mdematatis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fedy, Bradley C.","contributorId":40536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedy","given":"Bradley C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Garman, Steven L. 0000-0002-9032-9074 slgarman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9074","contributorId":3741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garman","given":"Steven","email":"slgarman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Germaine, Steve 0000-0002-7614-2676 germaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7614-2676","contributorId":4743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germaine","given":"Steve","email":"germaines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hethcoat, Matthew G.","contributorId":66565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hethcoat","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Huber, Christopher 0000-0001-8446-8134 chuber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8446-8134","contributorId":127600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"Christopher","email":"chuber@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0127-3900 mkauffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-3900","contributorId":2963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mkauffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Latysh, Natalie 0000-0003-0149-3962 nlatysh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-3962","contributorId":1356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latysh","given":"Natalie","email":"nlatysh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5060,"text":"Data Preservation Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Manier, Daniel J. 0000-0002-1105-1327 manierd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-1327","contributorId":127553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manier","given":"Daniel","email":"manierd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia P. 0000-0002-8044-9689 melcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9689","contributorId":5094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","email":"melcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Miller, Kirk A. 0000-0002-8141-2001 kmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-2001","contributorId":3959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kirk","email":"kmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Schell, Spencer 0000-0001-7732-1863 schells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-1863","contributorId":3357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schell","given":"Spencer","email":"schells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Sweat, Michael J. mjsweat@usgs.gov","contributorId":356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweat","given":"Michael","email":"mjsweat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":70192200,"text":"70192200 - 2014 - Integrating recent land cover mapping efforts to update the National Gap Analysis Program's species habitat map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-20T12:53:56","indexId":"70192200","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5650,"text":"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","onlineIssn":"2194-9034","printIssn":"1682-1750","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Integrating recent land cover mapping efforts to update the National Gap Analysis Program's species habitat map","docAbstract":"Over the past decade, great progress has been made to develop national extent land cover mapping products to address natural resource issues. One of the core products of the GAP Program is range-wide species distribution models for nearly 2000 terrestrial vertebrate species in the U.S. We rely on deductive modeling of habitat affinities using these products to create models of habitat availability. That approach requires that we have a thematically rich and ecologically meaningful map legend to support the modeling effort. In this work, we tested the integration of the Multi-Resolution Landscape Characterization Consortium's National Land Cover Database 2011 and LANDFIRE's Disturbance Products to update the 2001 National GAP Vegetation Dataset to reflect 2011 conditions. The revised product can then be used to update the species models.
We tested the update approach in three geographic areas (Northeast, Southeast, and Interior Northwest). We used the NLCD product to identify areas where the cover type mapped in 2011 was different from what was in the 2001 land cover map. We used Google Earth and ArcGIS base maps as reference imagery in order to label areas identified as \"changed\" to the appropriate class from our map legend. Areas mapped as urban or water in the 2011 NLCD map that were mapped differently in the 2001 GAP map were accepted without further validation and recoded to the corresponding GAP class. We used LANDFIRE's Disturbance products to identify changes that are the result of recent disturbance and to inform the reassignment of areas to their updated thematic label. We ran species habitat models for three species including Lewis's Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) and the White-tailed Jack Rabbit (Lepus townsendii) and Brown Headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla). For each of three vertebrate species we found important differences in the amount and location of suitable habitat between the 2001 and 2011 habitat maps. Specifically, Brown headed nuthatch habitat in 2011 was −14% of the 2001 modeled habitat, whereas Lewis's Woodpecker increased by 4%. The white-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus townsendii) had a net change of −1% (11% decline, 10% gain). For that species we found the updates related to opening of forest due to burning and regenerating shrubs following harvest to be the locally important main transitions. In the Southeast updates related to timber management and urbanization are locally important.
The spatially extensive damage from the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand earthquake events are a reminder of the need for liquefaction hazard maps for anticipating damage from future earthquakes. Liquefaction hazard mapping as traditionally relied on detailed geologic mapping and expensive site studies. These traditional techniques are difficult to apply globally for rapid response or loss estimation. We have developed a logistic regression model to predict the probability of liquefaction occurrence in coastal sedimentary areas as a function of simple and globally available geospatial features (e.g., derived from digital elevation models) and standard earthquake-specific intensity data (e.g., peak ground acceleration). Some of the geospatial explanatory variables that we consider are taken from the hydrology community, which has a long tradition of using remotely sensed data as proxies for subsurface parameters. As a result of using high resolution, remotely-sensed, and spatially continuous data as a proxy for important subsurface parameters such as soil density and soil saturation, and by using a probabilistic modeling framework, our liquefaction model inherently includes the natural spatial variability of liquefaction occurrence and provides an estimate of spatial extent of liquefaction for a given earthquake. To provide a quantitative check on how the predicted probabilities relate to spatial extent of liquefaction, we report the frequency of observed liquefaction features within a range of predicted probabilities. The percentage of liquefaction is the areal extent of observed liquefaction within a given probability contour. The regional model and the results show that there is a strong relationship between the predicted probability and the observed percentage of liquefaction. Visual inspection of the probability contours for each event also indicates that the pattern of liquefaction is well represented by the model.
Runoff-based indicators of terrestrial water availability are appropriate for humid regions, but have tended to limit our basic hydrologic understanding of drylands – the dry-subhumid, semiarid, and arid regions which presently cover nearly half of the global land surface. In response, we introduce an indicator framework that gives equal weight to humid and dryland regions, accounting fully for both vertical (precipitation + evapotranspiration) and horizontal (groundwater + surface-water) components of the hydrologic cycle in any given location – as well as fluxes into and out of landscape storage. We apply the framework to a diverse hydroclimatic region (the conterminous USA) using a distributed water-balance model consisting of 53 400 networked landscape hydrologic units. Our model simulations indicate that about 21% of the conterminous USA either generated no runoff or consumed runoff from upgradient sources on a mean-annual basis during the 20th century. Vertical fluxes exceeded horizontal fluxes across 76% of the conterminous area. Long-term-average total water availability (TWA) during the 20th century, defined here as the total influx to a landscape hydrologic unit from precipitation, groundwater, and surface water, varied spatially by about 400 000-fold, a range of variation ~100 times larger than that for mean-annual runoff across the same area. The framework includes but is not limited to classical, runoff-based approaches to water-resource assessment. It also incorporates and reinterprets the green- and blue-water perspective now gaining international acceptance. Implications of the new framework for several areas of contemporary hydrology are explored, and the data requirements of the approach are discussed in relation to the increasing availability of gridded global climate, land-surface, and hydrologic data sets.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hess-18-3855-2014","usgsCitation":"Weiskel, P.K., Wolock, D.M., Zarriello, P.J., Vogel, R.M., Levin, S.B., and Lent, R.M., 2014, Hydroclimatic regimes: a distributed water-balance framework for hydrologic assessment, classification, and management: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 18, p. 3855-3872, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3855-2014.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3855","endPage":"3872","ipdsId":"IP-044838","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3855-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59eeffade4b0220bbd988fd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiskel, Peter K. pweiskel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"Peter","email":"pweiskel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogel, Richard M.","contributorId":66811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Levin, Sara B. 0000-0002-2448-3129 slevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2448-3129","contributorId":1870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levin","given":"Sara","email":"slevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lent, Robert M. rmlent@usgs.gov","contributorId":284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"Robert","email":"rmlent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191982,"text":"70191982 - 2014 - Niche restriction and conservatism in a neotropical psittacine: the case of the Puerto Rican parrot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-25T11:17:58","indexId":"70191982","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Niche restriction and conservatism in a neotropical psittacine: the case of the Puerto Rican parrot","docAbstract":"The factors which govern species‘ distribution and abundance are myriad, and together constitute the ecological niche of a given species. Because abiotic factors are arguably the most profound of the factors influencing niche boundaries and thus, species distributions, substantial changes in either climatic or habitat-related parameters can be expected to produce interrelated and profound niche shifts. Habitat loss and degradation can also effectively induce a de facto climate change by forcing populations to relocate to environmentally suboptimal habitats. Populations experiencing niche shifts due to range restrictions and geographic isolation become subject to a suite of factors that may act synergistically to amplify deleterious ecological effects of habitat loss. These factors tend to exert a greater influence on populations of rare or endemic species with inherently restricted ranges. The Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) is an example of a tropical, insular, endemic and critically-endangered species that has suffered from extensive habitat loss and degradation over the past century, resulting in a single relict wild population restricted for more than 70 years to the montane rainforest of the Luquillo Mountains in northeastern Puerto Rico. In this chapter, we examine the current ecological situation of this geographically and demographically isolated parrot population by reviewing the history of landscape-level changes in and around the Luquillo Mountains, and concurrent biotic and abiotic limiting factors in relation to both historical population trajectory and current prognosis for species recovery. We used a decade (2000-2009) of empirical data on parrot fledgling survival together with long-term climatological data to model effects of local climate on fledgling survival and gain insights into its influence on population growth. We also modeled hypothetical survival of parrot fledglings in the lowlands surrounding the Luquillo Mountains, areas currently deforested but previously occupied by parrots, to illustrate both quantitative and qualitative losses of reproductive habitat for the species. We illustrate and systematically discuss how progressive and sustained changes in landscape composition and associated limiting factors have effectively shifted and restricted the ecological niche of this species, and how this complex suite of ecological processes affects the Puerto Rican parrot in the Luquillo Mountains. Our niche restriction hypothesis is supported by the demographic response of Puerto Rican parrots recently (2006-2009) reintroduced in the lower elevation karst forest of northwestern Puerto Rico. Based on our findings, we present conservation strategies aimed at promoting the recovery of the species both in the Luquillo Mountains and elsewhere in Puerto Rico. Finally, we address the relevance of our findings to conservation of other endangered species, particularly those threatened by both habitat loss and climate change.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nova Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"Habitat loss: Causes, impacts on biodiversity and reduction strategies","isbn":"978-1-63117-231-1","usgsCitation":"White, T.H., Collazo, J., Dinsmore, S., and Llerandi-Roman, I.C., 2014, Niche restriction and conservatism in a neotropical psittacine: the case of the Puerto Rican parrot, p. 1-84.","productDescription":"84 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"84","ipdsId":"IP-052674","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350600,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=49029"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6afac8e4b06e28e9c9a91b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Thomas H. Jr.","contributorId":201474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime A. 0000-0002-1816-7744 jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-7744","contributorId":173448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime A.","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":713809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinsmore, Stephen J.","contributorId":61718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinsmore","given":"Stephen J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Llerandi-Roman, I. C.","contributorId":67324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Llerandi-Roman","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193752,"text":"70193752 - 2014 - Borehole radar interferometry revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T12:40:35","indexId":"70193752","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Borehole radar interferometry revisited","docAbstract":"Single-hole, multi-offset borehole-radar reflection (SHMOR) is an effective technique for fracture detection. However, commercial radar system limitations hinder the acquisition of multi-offset reflection data in a single borehole. Transforming cross-hole transmission mode radar data to virtual single-hole, multi-offset reflection data using a wave interferometric virtual source (WIVS) approach has been proposed but not fully demonstrated. In this study, we compare WIVS-derived virtual single-hole, multi-offset reflection data to real SHMOR radar reflection profiles using cross-hole and single-hole radar data acquired in two boreholes located at the University of Connecticut (Storrs, CT USA). The field data results are similar to full-waveform numerical simulations developed for a two-borehole model. The reflection from the adjacent borehole is clearly imaged by both the real and WIVS-derived virtual reflection profiles. Reflector travel-time changes induced by deviation of the two boreholes from the vertical can also be observed on the real and virtual reflection profiles. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of the WIVS approach to improve bedrock fracture imaging for hydrogeological and petroleum reservoir development applications.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970491","usgsCitation":"Liu, L., Ma, C., Lane, J.W., and Joesten, P.K., 2014, Borehole radar interferometry revisited, in Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2014.6970491.","ipdsId":"IP-057397","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a71926ee4b0a9a2e9dbde0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Lanbo","contributorId":199850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Lanbo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6619,"text":"University of Connecticutt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ma, Chunguang","contributorId":199851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"Chunguang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70191937,"text":"70191937 - 2014 - Application of hydrologic tools and monitoring to support managed aquifer recharge decision making in the Upper San Pedro River, Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-19T12:25:34","indexId":"70191937","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of hydrologic tools and monitoring to support managed aquifer recharge decision making in the Upper San Pedro River, Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"The San Pedro River originates in Sonora, Mexico, and flows north through Arizona, USA, to its confluence with the Gila River. The 92-km Upper San Pedro River is characterized by interrupted perennial flow, and serves as a vital wildlife corridor through this semiarid to arid region. Over the past century, groundwater pumping in this bi-national basin has depleted baseflows in the river. In 2007, the United States Geological Survey published the most recent groundwater model of the basin. This model served as the basis for predictive simulations, including maps of stream flow capture due to pumping and of stream flow restoration due to managed aquifer recharge. Simulation results show that ramping up near-stream recharge, as needed, to compensate for downward pumping-related stress on the water table, could sustain baseflows in the Upper San Pedro River at or above 2003 levels until the year 2100 with less than 4.7 million cubic meters per year (MCM/yr). Wet-dry mapping of the river over a period of 15 years developed a body of empirical evidence which, when combined with the simulation tools, provided powerful technical support to decision makers struggling to manage aquifer recharge to support baseflows in the river while also accommodating the economic needs of the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w6113495","usgsCitation":"Lacher, L.J., Turner, D.S., Gungle, B., Bushman, B.M., and Richter, H.E., 2014, Application of hydrologic tools and monitoring to support managed aquifer recharge decision making in the Upper San Pedro River, Arizona, USA: Water, v. 6, no. 11, p. 3495-3527, https://doi.org/10.3390/w6113495.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"3495","endPage":"3527","ipdsId":"IP-060539","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w6113495","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper San Pedro River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.45516967773438,\n 31.3348710339506\n ],\n [\n -109.84954833984375,\n 31.3348710339506\n ],\n [\n -109.84954833984375,\n 31.9300203139952\n ],\n [\n -110.45516967773438,\n 31.9300203139952\n ],\n [\n -110.45516967773438,\n 31.3348710339506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e9b998e4b05fe04cd65ce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacher, Laurel J.","contributorId":197579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lacher","given":"Laurel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Dale S.","contributorId":197580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gungle, Bruce 0000-0001-6406-1206 bgungle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-1206","contributorId":2237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gungle","given":"Bruce","email":"bgungle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bushman, Brooke M.","contributorId":197581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bushman","given":"Brooke","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richter, Holly E.","contributorId":197582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richter","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70191985,"text":"70191985 - 2014 - Preliminary testing of flow-ecology hypotheses developed for the GCP LCC region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T14:21:46","indexId":"70191985","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5373,"text":"Cooperator Science Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"FWS/CSS-108-2014","title":"Preliminary testing of flow-ecology hypotheses developed for the GCP LCC region","docAbstract":"The Ecological Limits of Hydrological Alteration (ELOHA) framework calls for the development of flow-ecology hypotheses to support protection of the flow regime from ecologically harmful alteration due to human activities. As part of a larger instream flow project for the Gulf Coast Prairie Landscape Conservation Cooperative (GCP LCC), regional flow-ecology hypotheses were developed for fish, mussels, birds, and riparian vegetation (Davis and Brewer 20141
). The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of existing ecological and hydrological data to test these hypotheses or others that may be developed in the future. Several databases related to biological collections and hydrologic data from Oklahoma, Texas, and Louisiana were compiled. State fish-community data from Oklahoma and Louisiana were summarized and paired with existing USGS gage data having at least a 40-year period of record that could be separated into reference and current conditions for comparison. The objective of this study was not to conduct exhaustive analyses of these data, the hypotheses, or analyses interpretation, but rather to use these data to determine if existing data were adequate to statistically test the regional flow-ecology hypotheses. The regional flow-ecology hypotheses were developed for the GCP LCC by a committee chaired by Shannon Brewer and Mary Davis (Davis and Brewer 2014). Existing data were useful for informing the hypotheses and suggest support for some hypotheses, but also highlight the need for additional testing and development as some results contradicted hypotheses. Results presented here suggest existing data are adequate to support some flow-ecology hypotheses; however, lack of sampling effort reported with the fish collections and the need for ecoregion-specific analyses suggest more data would be beneficial to analyses in some ecoregions. Additional fish sampling data from Texas and Louisiana will be available for future analyses and may ameliorate some of the data concerns and improve hypothesis interpretation. If the regional hydrologic model currently under development by the U.S. Geological Survey for the South-Central Climate Science Center is improved to produce daily hydrographs, it will enable use of fish data at ungaged locations. In future efforts, exhaustive analyses using these data, in addition to the development of more complex multivariate hypotheses, would be beneficial to understanding data gaps, particularly as relevant to species of conservation concern.
This field guide covers geology across north-central Idaho from the Snake River in the west across the Bitterroot Mountains to the east to near Missoula, Montana. The regional geology includes a much-modified Mesozoic accretionary boundary along the western side of Idaho across which allochthonous Permian to Cretaceous arc complexes of the Blue Mountains province to the west are juxtaposed against autochthonous Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic North American metasedimentary assemblages intruded by Cretaceous and Paleogene plutons to the east. The accretionary boundary turns sharply near Orofino, Idaho, from north-trending in the south to west-trending, forming the Syringa embayment, then disappears westward under Miocene cover rocks of the Columbia River Basalt Group. The Coolwater culmination east of the Syringa embayment exposes allochthonous rocks well east of an ideal steep suture. North and east of it is the Bitterroot lobe of the Idaho batholith, which intruded Precambrian continental crust in the Cretaceous and Paleocene to form one of the classical North American Cordilleran batholiths. Eocene Challis plutons, products of the Tertiary western U.S. ignimbrite flare-up, intrude those batholith rocks. This guide describes the geology in three separate road logs: (1) The Wallowa terrane of the Blue Mountains province from White Bird, Idaho, west into Hells Canyon and faults that complicate the story; (2) the Mesozoic accretionary boundary from White Bird to the South Fork Clearwater River east of Grangeville and then north to Kooskia, Idaho; and (3) the bend in the accretionary boundary, the Coolwater culmination, and the Bitterroot lobe of the Idaho batholith along Highway 12 east from near Lewiston, Idaho, to Lolo, Montana.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exploring the Northern Rocky Mountains","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.0037(01)","usgsCitation":"Lewis, R., Smith, K.L., Gaschnig, R.M., LaMaskin, T.A., Lund, K., Gray, K.D., Tikoff, B., Stetson-Lee, T., and Moore, N., 2014, Hells Canyon to the Bitterroot front: A transect from the accretionary margin eastward across the Idaho batholith, chap. of Exploring the Northern Rocky Mountains, v. 37, p. 1-50, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.0037(01).","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"50","ipdsId":"IP-053668","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 47\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeee10e4b0da30c1bfc755","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Reed S.","contributorId":34953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Reed S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Keegan L.","contributorId":202510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Keegan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaschnig, Richard M.","contributorId":31220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaschnig","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaMaskin, Todd A.","contributorId":105558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMaskin","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gray, Keith D.","contributorId":202511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tikoff, Basil","contributorId":147760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tikoff","given":"Basil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":728623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stetson-Lee, Tor","contributorId":202512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stetson-Lee","given":"Tor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moore, Nicholas","contributorId":202513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70193117,"text":"70193117 - 2014 - Advantages of active love wave techniques in geophysical characterizations of seismographic station - Case studies in California and the central and eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-02T14:51:15","indexId":"70193117","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Advantages of active love wave techniques in geophysical characterizations of seismographic station - Case studies in California and the central and eastern United States","docAbstract":"Active-source Love waves, recorded by the multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASLW) technique, were recently analyzed in two site characterization projects. Between 2010 and 2012, the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funded GEOVision to conduct geophysical investigations at 191 seismographic stations in California and the Central Eastern U.S. (CEUS). The original project plan was to utilize active and passive Rayleigh wave-based techniques to obtain shear-wave velocity (VS) profiles to a minimum depth of 30 m and the time-averaged VS of the upper 30 meters (VS30). Early in this investigation it became clear that Rayleigh wave techniques, such as multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASRW), were not suited for characterizing all sites. Shear-wave seismic refraction and MASLW techniques were therefore applied. In 2012, the Electric Power Research Institute funded characterization of 33 CEUS station sites. Based on experience from the ARRA investigation, both MASRW and MASLW data were acquired by GEOVision at 24 CEUS sites. At shallow rock sites, sites with steep velocity gradients, and, sites with a thin, low velocity, surficial soil layer overlying stiffer sediments, Love wave techniques generally were found to be easier to interpret, i.e., Love wave data typically yielded unambiguous fundamental mode dispersion curves and thus, reduce uncertainty in the resultant VS model. These types of velocity structure often excite dominant higher modes in Rayleigh wave data, but not in the Love wave data. It is possible to model Rayleigh wave data using multi- or effective-mode techniques; however, extraction of Rayleigh wave dispersion data was found to be difficult in many cases. These results imply that field procedures should include careful scrutiny of Rayleigh wave-based dispersion data in order to also collect Love wave data when warranted.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tenth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering: Frontiers of Earthquake Engineering ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Tenth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"July 21-25, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"10NCEE","usgsCitation":"Martin, A., Yong, A.K., and Salomone, L.A., 2014, Advantages of active love wave techniques in geophysical characterizations of seismographic station - Case studies in California and the central and eastern United States, in Tenth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering: Frontiers of Earthquake Engineering , Anchorage, AK, July 21-25, 2014, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-056051","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350984,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7586dde4b00f54eb1d8210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Antony","contributorId":199052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Antony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yong, Alan K. 0000-0003-1807-5847 yong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5847","contributorId":1554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Alan","email":"yong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salomone, Larry A.","contributorId":199053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salomone","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193114,"text":"70193114 - 2014 - Pros and cons of rotating ground motion records to fault-normal/parallel directions for response history analysis of buildings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T10:38:07","indexId":"70193114","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pros and cons of rotating ground motion records to fault-normal/parallel directions for response history analysis of buildings","docAbstract":"According to the regulatory building codes in the United States (e.g., 2010 California Building Code), at least two horizontal ground motion components are required for three-dimensional (3D) response history analysis (RHA) of building structures. For sites within 5 km of an active fault, these records should be rotated to fault-normal/fault-parallel (FN/FP) directions, and two RHAs should be performed separately (when FN and then FP are aligned with the transverse direction of the structural axes). It is assumed that this approach will lead to two sets of responses that envelope the range of possible responses over all nonredundant rotation angles. This assumption is examined here, for the first time, using a 3D computer model of a six-story reinforced-concrete instrumented building subjected to an ensemble of bidirectional near-fault ground motions. Peak values of engineering demand parameters (EDPs) were computed for rotation angles ranging from 0 through 180° to quantify the difference between peak values of EDPs over all rotation angles and those due to FN/FP direction rotated motions. It is demonstrated that rotating ground motions to FN/FP directions (1) does not always lead to the maximum responses over all angles, (2) does not always envelope the range of possible responses, and (3) does not provide maximum responses for all EDPs simultaneously even if it provides a maximum response for a specific EDP.
Well tested agricultural system models can improve our understanding of the water quality effects of management practices under different conditions. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) has been tested under a variety of conditions. However, the current model's ability to simulate pesticide transport to subsurface drain flow over a long term period under different tillage systems and application rates is not clear. Therefore, we calibrated and tested RZWQM using six years of data from Nashua, Iowa. In this experiment, atrazine was spring applied at 2.8 (1990–1992) and 0.6 kg/ha/yr (1993–1995) to two 0.4 ha plots with different tillage (till and no-till). The observed and simulated average annual flow weighted atrazine concentrations (FWAC) in subsurface drain flow from the no-till plot were 3.7 and 3.2 μg/L, respectively for the period with high atrazine application rates, and 0.8 and 0.9 μg/L, respectively for the period with low application rates. The 1990–1992 observed average annual FWAC difference between the no-till and tilled plot was 2.4 μg/L while the simulated difference was 2.1 μg/L. These observed and simulated differences for 1993–1995 were 0.1 and 0.1 μg/L, respectively. The Nash–Sutcliffe model performance statistic (EF) for cumulative atrazine flux to subsurface drain flow was 0.93 for the no-till plot testing years (1993–1995), which is comparable to other recent model tests. The value of EF is 1.0 when simulated data perfectly match observed data. The order of selected parameter sensitivity for RZWQM simulated FWAC was atrazine partition coefficient > number of macropores > atrazine half life in soil > soil hydraulic conductivity. Simulations from 1990 to 1995 with four different atrazine application rates applied at a constant rate throughout the simulation period showed concentrations in drain flow for the no-till plot to be twice those of the tilled plot. The differences were more pronounced in the early simulation period (1990–1992), partly because of the characteristics of macropore flow during large storms. The results suggest that RZWQM is a promising tool to study pesticide transport to subsurface drain flow under different tillage systems and application rates over several years, the concentrations of atrazine in drain flow can be higher with no-till than tilled soil over a range of atrazine application rates, and atrazine concentrations in drain flow are sensitive to the macropore flow characteristics under different tillage systems and rainfall timing and intensity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2013.09.009","usgsCitation":"Malone, R.W., Nolan, B.T., Ma, L., Kanwar, R.S., Pederson, C.H., and Heilman, P., 2014, Effects of tillage and application rate on atrazine transport to subsurface drainage: Evaluation of RZWQM using a six-year field study: Agricultural Water Management, v. 132, p. 10-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.09.009.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-041818","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1945&context=abe_eng_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100d5e4b06e28e9c2542e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malone, Robert W.","contributorId":10347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":6751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kanwar, Rameshwar S.","contributorId":143671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanwar","given":"Rameshwar","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":15296,"text":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pederson, Carl H.","contributorId":143672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pederson","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":15296,"text":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heilman, Philip","contributorId":169768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heilman","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25585,"text":"USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85719","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194461,"text":"70194461 - 2014 - Utilizing multi-sensor fire detections to map fires in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T09:10:31","indexId":"70194461","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Utilizing multi-sensor fire detections to map fires in the United States","docAbstract":"In 2006, the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) project began a cooperative effort between the US Forest Service (USFS) and the U.S.Geological Survey (USGS) to map and assess burn severity all large fires that have occurred in the United States since 1984. Using Landsat imagery, MTBS is mandated to map wildfire and prescribed fire that meet specific size criteria: greater than 1000 acres in the west and 500 acres in the east, regardless of ownership. Relying mostly on federal and state fire occurrence records, over 15,300 individual fires have been mapped. While mapping recorded fires, an additional 2,700 “unknown” or undocumented fires were discovered and assessed. It has become apparent that there are perhaps thousands of undocumented fires in the US that are yet to be mapped. Fire occurrence records alone are inadequate if MTBS is to provide a comprehensive accounting of fire across the US. Additionally, the sheer number of fires to assess has overwhelmed current manual procedures. To address these problems, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Applied Sciences Program is helping to fund the efforts of the USGS and its MTBS partners (USFS, National Park Service) to develop, and implement a system to automatically identify fires using satellite data. In near real time, USGS will combine active fire satellite detections from MODIS, AVHRR and GOES satellites with Landsat acquisitions. Newly acquired Landsat imagery will be routinely scanned to identify freshly burned area pixels, derive an initial perimeter and tag the burned area with the satellite date and time of detection. Landsat imagery from the early archive will be scanned to identify undocumented fires. Additional automated fire assessment processes will be developed. The USGS will develop these processes using open source software packages in order to provide freely available tools to local land managers providing them with the capability to assess fires at the local level.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-1,","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ISPRS Technical Commission I Symposium","conferenceDate":"November 17-20, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"ISPRS","doi":"10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-161-2014","usgsCitation":"Howard, S.M., Picotte, J.J., and Coan, M., 2014, Utilizing multi-sensor fire detections to map fires in the United States, in The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-1,, v. XL-1, Denver, CO, November 17-20, 2014, p. 161-166, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-161-2014.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-060379","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-161-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"XL-1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100c8e4b06e28e9c2540f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Picotte, Joshua J. 0000-0002-4021-4623 jpicotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4021-4623","contributorId":4626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picotte","given":"Joshua","email":"jpicotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coan, Michael mcoan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coan","given":"Michael","email":"mcoan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":725217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}