{"pageNumber":"621","pageRowStart":"15500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46883,"records":[{"id":70040274,"text":"ds708 - 2012 - Woody riparian vegetation near selected streamgages in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-11T17:16:22","indexId":"ds708","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"708","title":"Woody riparian vegetation near selected streamgages in the western United States","docAbstract":"Areal cover and occupancy of woody riparian species near 456 streamgages in the western United States were obtained from site visits during the growing seasons of 1996-2002. We made concomitant estimates of grazing intensity, channel stabilization and incision, gradient, sediment particle size, and nearby planting of Russian olive. The purpose of this publication is to describe the data set and make it available to other investigators in an electronic format.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds708","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Friedman, J.M., Shafroth, P.B., Merigliano, M.F., and Scott, M.L., 2012, Woody riparian vegetation near selected streamgages in the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 708, Report: iv, 8 p.; Description File; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds708.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 8 p.; Description File; Data Files","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_708.gif"},{"id":262536,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/708/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262537,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/708/DS708.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona;California;Colorado;Idaho;Kansas;Montana;Nebraska;Nevada;New Mexio;North Dakota;Oklahoma;Oregon;South Dakota;Texas;Utah;Washington;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0000,25.7500 ], [ -123.0000,49.0000 ], [ -100.0000,49.0000 ], [ -100.0000,25.7500 ], [ -123.0000,25.7500 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e587bfe4b0a4aa5bb0a0f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merigliano, Michael F.","contributorId":24211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merigliano","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70157551,"text":"70157551 - 2012 - Quantification of water-level variability effect on plant species populations using paleoecological and hydrological time series data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:07:25","indexId":"70157551","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Quantification of water-level variability effect on plant species populations using paleoecological and hydrological time series data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Soil cores provide valuable data on historical changes in vegetation and hydrologic conditions. Empirical models were developed to quantify the effect of meteorological and hydrologic forcing on plant species distributions over a 110-year period in Water Conservation Area 1 (WCA1) in the Florida Everglades, also known as the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. Empirical models that predict plant species distributions at sites within WCA1 were developed by linking temporally sparse seed bank data from soil cores with continuous multi-decadal daily meteorological and hydrologic time series data. The meteorological data included rainfall and maximum daily temperatures that spanned the entire study period of 110 years. The hydrologic data included stage data from two gages in WCA1 established in 1954. These stage data were hindcasted to be concurrent with the meteorological data by using correlation models that fit measured stages as a function of the meteorological parameters. The historical plant species data came from seven peat cores from WCA1. Different depths from each core were carbon-dated and assayed for relative percentages of 83 plant species using pollen counts. The oldest dates were more than 1,000 years old; however, only core data that overlapped the study period were used, for a total of 67 assays among the seven cores. Twenty-three of the species had ratios of at least 5 percent for one or more of the 67 assays, hereafter referred to as the \"top23\". Using the assays as input vectors, the top23 were grouped using the k-means clustering into four plant classes that represented the extent to which the various species have historically appeared together. This reduced the modeling problem to one of predicting the relative ratios of the four plant classes from the hindcasted stage time-series data. A separate empirical model was developed for each class using a multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network, which provides multivariate, nonlinear curve fitting. The models predicted the relative ratios of the classes, and the sums of the predictions are near 1. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the models varied from 0.87 to 0.96, indicating that the relative ratios of the plant classes are predictable, and therefore controllable, from stage forcing. Similar soil cores are available for the Coastal Plain of North Carolina and are planned for the Congaree National Park in South Carolina.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceTitle":"2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 10-11 2012","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, South Carolina","language":"English","publisher":"Clemson University Center for Watershed Excellence","usgsCitation":"Roehl, E.A., Conrads, P., and Bernhardt, C., 2012, Quantification of water-level variability effect on plant species populations using paleoecological and hydrological time series data, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, South Carolina, October 10-11 2012, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Arthur R. 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Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernhardt, Christopher","contributorId":148001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003750,"text":"70003750 - 2012 - Resource selection models are useful in predicting fine-scale distributions of black-footed ferrets in prairie dog colonies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-12T17:16:08","indexId":"70003750","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T14:17:08","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource selection models are useful in predicting fine-scale distributions of black-footed ferrets in prairie dog colonies","docAbstract":"Wildlife-habitat relationships are often conceptualized as resource selection functions (RSFs)&mdash;models increasingly used to estimate species distributions and prioritize habitat conservation. We evaluated the predictive capabilities of 2 black-footed ferret (<i>Mustela nigripes</i>) RSFs developed on a 452-ha colony of black-tailed prairie dogs (<i>Cynomys ludovicianus</i>) in the Conata Basin, South Dakota. We used the RSFs to project the relative probability of occurrence of ferrets throughout an adjacent 227-ha colony. We evaluated performance of the RSFs using ferret space use data collected via postbreeding spotlight surveys June&ndash;October 2005&ndash;2006. In home ranges and core areas, ferrets selected the predicted \"very high\" and \"high\" occurrence categories of both RSFs. Count metrics also suggested selection of these categories; for each model in each year, approximately 81% of ferret locations occurred in areas of very high or high predicted occurrence. These results suggest usefulness of the RSFs in estimating the distribution of ferrets throughout a black-tailed prairie dog colony. The RSFs provide a fine-scale habitat assessment for ferrets that can be used to prioritize releases of ferrets and habitat restoration for prairie dogs and ferrets. A method to quickly inventory the distribution of prairie dog burrow openings would greatly facilitate application of the RSFs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0210","usgsCitation":"Eads, D., Jachowski, D.S., Biggins, D.E., Livieri, T., Matchett, M.R., and Millspaugh, J.J., 2012, Resource selection models are useful in predicting fine-scale distributions of black-footed ferrets in prairie dog colonies: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 206-215, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0210.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"215","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487964,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/10","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0210","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Conata Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0600,42.4800 ], [ -104.0600,45.9500 ], [ -96.4400,45.9500 ], [ -96.4400,42.4800 ], [ -104.0600,42.4800 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788ef7e4b0cfc2d59f5b27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A.","contributorId":70234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachowski, David S.","contributorId":82966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livieri, Travis M.","contributorId":16265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livieri","given":"Travis M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matchett, Marc R.","contributorId":35581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":22082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70038500,"text":"70038500 - 2012 - Patterns of surface burrow plugging in a colony of black-tailed prairie dogs occupied by black-footed ferrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T13:31:38","indexId":"70038500","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of surface burrow plugging in a colony of black-tailed prairie dogs occupied by black-footed ferrets","docAbstract":"<p><span>Black-tailed prairie dogs (</span><i>Cynomys ludovicianus</i><span>) can surface-plug openings to a burrow occupied by a black-footed ferret (</span><i>Mustela nigripes</i><span>). At a coarse scale, surface plugs are more common in colonies of prairie dogs occupied by ferrets than in colonies without ferrets. However, little is known about spatial and temporal patterns of surface plugging in a colony occupied by ferrets. In a 452-ha colony of black-tailed prairie dogs in South Dakota, we sampled burrow openings for surface plugs and related those data to locations of ferrets observed during spotlight surveys. Of 67,574 burrow openings in the colony between June and September 2007, 3.7% were plugged. In a colony-wide grid of 80 m × 80 m cells, the occurrence of surface plugging (≥1 opening plugged) was greater in cells used by ferrets (93.3% of cells) than in cells not observably used by ferrets (70.6%). Rates of surface plugging (percentages of openings plugged) were significantly higher in cells used by ferrets (median = 3.7%) than in cells without known ferret use (median = 3.2%). Also, numbers of ferret locations in cells correlated positively with numbers of mapped surface plugs in the cells. To investigate surface plugging at finer temporal and spatial scales, we compared rates of surface plugging in 20-m-radius circle-plots centered on ferret locations and in random plots 1–4 days after observing a ferret (Jun–Oct 2007 and 2008). Rates of surface plugging were greater in ferret-plots (median = 12.0%) than in random plots (median = 0%). For prairie dogs and their associates, the implications of surface plugging could be numerous. For instance, ferrets must dig to exit or enter plugged burrows (suggesting energetic costs), and surface plugs might influence microclimates in burrows and consequently influence species that cannot excavate soil (e.g., fleas that transmit the plague bacterium </span><i>Yersinia pestis</i><span>).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0206","usgsCitation":"Eads, D.E., and Biggins, D.E., 2012, Patterns of surface burrow plugging in a colony of black-tailed prairie dogs occupied by black-footed ferrets: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 172-178, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0206.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"178","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0600,42.4800 ], [ -104.0600,45.9500 ], [ -96.4400,45.9500 ], [ -96.4400,42.4800 ], [ -104.0600,42.4800 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e0f3c4e4b0fec3206f1bbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David E.","contributorId":40089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040244,"text":"sim3177 - 2012 - Geologic map of the north polar region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-16T18:53:06.432986","indexId":"sim3177","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3177","title":"Geologic map of the north polar region of Mars","docAbstract":"The north polar region of Mars occurs within the central and lowest part of the vast northern plains of Mars and is dominated by the roughly circular north polar plateau, Planum Boreum. The northern plains formed very early in Martian time and have collected volcanic flows and sedimentary materials shed from highland sources. Planum Boreum has resulted from the accumulation of water ice and dust particles. Extensive, uncratered dune fields adjacent to Planum Boreum attest to the active and recent transport and accumulation of sand. Our geologic map of Planum Boreum is the first to record its entire observable stratigraphic record using the various post-Viking image and topography datasets released before 2009. We also provide much more detail in the map than previously published, including some substantial revisions based on new data and observations. The available data have increased and improved immensely in quantity, resolution, coverage, positional accuracy, and spectral range, enabling us to resolve previously unrecognized geomorphic features, stratigraphic relations, and compositional information. We also employ more carefully prescribed and effective mapping methodologies and digital techniques, as well as formatting guidelines. The foremost aspect to our mapping approach is how geologic units are discriminated based primarily on their temporal relations with other units as expressed in unit contacts by unconformities or by gradational relations. Whereas timing constraints of such activity in the north polar region are now better defined stratigraphically, they remain poorly constrained chronologically. The end result is a new reconstruction of the sedimentary, erosional, and structural histories of the north polar region and how they may have been driven by climate conditions, available geologic materials, and eolian, periglacial, impact, magmatic, hydrologic, and tectonic activity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3177","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., and Fortezzo, C.M., 2012, Geologic map of the north polar region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3177, Pamphlet: i, 11 p.; 1 Sheet: 60 x 44 inches; Readme File; Metadata Folder; GIS Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3177.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: i, 11 p.; 1 Sheet: 60 x 44 inches; Readme File; Metadata Folder; GIS Database","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414294,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92HAU5N","text":"Interactive map","linkHelpText":"- Web App: SIM 3177 Geologic Map of the North Polar Region of Mars, 1:2M. Tanaka and Fortezzo (2012)"},{"id":262511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3177.jpg"},{"id":262505,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3177/sim3177_sheet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262504,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3177/sim3177_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Polar Stereographic projection","otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dde219e4b0e31bb0285c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fortezzo, Corey M. 0000-0001-8188-5530 cfortezzo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-5530","contributorId":25383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortezzo","given":"Corey","email":"cfortezzo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":130,"text":"Astrogeology Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040243,"text":"ds552 - 2012 - Seafloor geology and benthic habitats, San Pedro Shelf, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"ds552","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"552","title":"Seafloor geology and benthic habitats, San Pedro Shelf, southern California","docAbstract":"Seafloor samples, videography, still photography, and real-time descriptions of geologic and biologic constituents at or near the seafloor of the San Pedro Shelf, southern California, advance the study of natural and man-made processes on this coastal area off the metropolitan Los Angeles area. Multibeam echo-sounder data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1998 and 1999 guided sampling and camera work in 2004 resulting in a new seafloor character map that shows possible benthic habitats in much higher resolution (4- and 16-m pixels) than previously available. The seafloor is characterized by primarily muddy sand and sand with outcrops of Miocene and Pliocene bedrock along the Palos Verdes Fault Zone. Observed benthic populations indicate low abiotic complexity, low biotic complexity, and low biotic coverage. The data are provided for use in geographic information systems (GIS).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds552","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County and the Orange County Sanitation District","usgsCitation":"Wong, F.L., Dartnell, P., Edwards, B.D., and Phillips, E., 2012, Seafloor geology and benthic habitats, San Pedro Shelf, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 552, Report: iv, 29 p.; Appendixes A-F, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds552.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 29 p.; Appendixes A-F","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_552.gif"},{"id":262500,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/552/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262501,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/552/ds552.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro Shelf","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.3667,33.7500 ], [ -118.3667,33.5167 ], [ -117.9167,33.5167 ], [ -117.9167,33.7500 ], [ -118.3667,33.7500 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4b842e4b0e8fec6cded1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Eleyne L.","contributorId":104289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Eleyne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040255,"text":"70040255 - 2012 - Importance of lunar and temporal conditions for spotlight surveys of adult black-footed ferrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"70040255","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of lunar and temporal conditions for spotlight surveys of adult black-footed ferrets","docAbstract":"Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) spend most daylight hours underground in prairie dog (Cynomys) burrows and exhibit aboveground movements primarily at night. Moonlight can influence the activity patterns of ferrets and, consequently, might influence the efficiency of spotlight surveys used by biologists to monitor ferret populations. We related detection of adult ferrets during postbreeding spotlight surveys to lunar and temporal conditions. We most frequently located ferrets during surveys in which the moon breached the horizon. The data suggested intersexual differences in response to moonlight. We located male ferrets most frequently during nights with greater moon illumination, but we did not detect a correlation between moon illumination and spotlight detection of female ferrets. In general, moonlight could facilitate aboveground navigation by ferrets. However, it seems activity under bright moonlight could be costly for female ferrets while they raise young. Detection of ferrets also varied among months. We detected female ferrets most frequently in August&ndash;September, when mothers increase hunting efforts to acquire prey for growing offspring (kits). Detection of adult female ferrets declined in October, when kits were likely independent of their mother. We located male ferrets most frequently in September&ndash;October, when males might increase activity to monitor female ferrets and male competitors. Consideration of lunar and temporal influences and standardization of postbreeding surveys could enhance site-specific assessment of reintroduction success and across-site assessment of species recoveiy progress. We suggest that postbreeding surveys for ferrets should be enhanced by concentrating efforts in August&ndash;September during moonlit nights when the moon is above the horizon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0207","usgsCitation":"Eads, D., Jachowski, D.S., Millspaugh, J.J., and Biggins, D.E., 2012, Importance of lunar and temporal conditions for spotlight surveys of adult black-footed ferrets: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 179-190, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0207.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"190","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487971,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262517,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0207"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df156fe4b0dfbe79e69067","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A.","contributorId":70234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachowski, David S.","contributorId":82966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":22082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040254,"text":"70040254 - 2012 - Information on black-footed ferret biology collected within the framework of ferret conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"70040254","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Information on black-footed ferret biology collected within the framework of ferret conservation","docAbstract":"Once feared to be extinct, black-footed ferrets (<i>Mustela nigripes</i>) were rediscovered near Meeteetse, Wyoming, in 1981, resulting in renewed conservation and research efforts for this highly endangered species. A need for information directly useful to recovery has motivated much monitoring of ferrets since that time, but field activities have enabled collection of data relevant to broader biological themes. This special feature is placed in a context of similar books and proceedings devoted to ferret biology and conservation. Articles include general observations on ferrets, modeling of potential impacts of ferrets on prairie dogs (<i>Cynomys</i> spp.), discussions on relationships of ferrets to prairie dog habitats at several spatial scales (from individual burrows to patches of burrow systems) and a general treatise on the status of black-footed ferret recovery.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0201","usgsCitation":"Biggins, D.E., 2012, Information on black-footed ferret biology collected within the framework of ferret conservation: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 129-133, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0201.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487994,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262514,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0201"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Meeteetse","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.8764,44.1467 ], [ -108.8764,44.1614 ], [ -108.8482,44.1614 ], [ -108.8482,44.1467 ], [ -108.8764,44.1467 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df2a51e4b0dfbe79e69cc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040239,"text":"sir20125177 - 2012 - Saturated thickness and water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 2009, and water-level changes and changes in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-25T13:14:53.744265","indexId":"sir20125177","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5177","title":"Saturated thickness and water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 2009, and water-level changes and changes in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer underlies about 112 million acres (about 175,000 square miles) in parts of eight States&mdash;Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Water levels declined in parts of the High Plains aquifer soon after the onset of substantial irrigation with groundwater (about 1950). This report presents the volume of saturated aquifer material and drainable water in storage in the High Plains aquifer in 2009; water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer from 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009; and changes in the volume of drainable water in storage in the aquifer from 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009. The volume data were calculated from raster files with a cell size of about 0.6 acres. The volume of water in storage in the High Plains aquifer in 2009 is estimated at about 3.0 billion acre-feet. Area-weighted, average water-level changes for the aquifer were declines of 2.0 feet from 1980 to 1995, 1.3 feet from 1995 to 2000, 2.8 feet from 2000 to 2005, and 1.0 foot from 2005 to 2009. Estimated changes in water in storage were declines of 36.0 million acre-feet from 1980 to 1995, 23.5 million acre-feet from 1995 to 2000, 46.7 million acre-feet from 2000 to 2005, and 18.3 million acre-feet from 2005 to 2009.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency","usgsCitation":"McGuire, V.L., Lund, K.D., and Densmore, B.K., 2012, Saturated thickness and water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 2009, and water-level changes and changes in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5177, Report: v, 28 p.; 6 Data Releases, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125177.","productDescription":"Report: v, 28 p.; 6 Data Releases","startPage":"i","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":483726,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L0DLVQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 1980 to 1995"},{"id":483727,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96WJ8R7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 1995 to 2000"},{"id":483728,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91B856T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 2000 to 2005"},{"id":483729,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90Q1CG1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 2005 to 2009"},{"id":262510,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5177.gif"},{"id":262503,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262506,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5177/sir12-5177.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":483724,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WMRZBN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Saturated thickness, High Plains aquifer, 2009"},{"id":483725,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XWB5JH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Specific yield, High Plains aquifer"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.3500,35.1900 ], [ -110.3500,49.4100 ], [ -99.3200,49.4100 ], [ -99.3200,35.1900 ], [ -110.3500,35.1900 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4b621e4b0e8fec6cde85c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Virginia L. 0000-0002-3962-4158 vlmcguir@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Virginia","email":"vlmcguir@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lund, Kris D. kdlund@usgs.gov","contributorId":1958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Kris","email":"kdlund@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Densmore, Brenda K. 0000-0003-2429-638X bdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-638X","contributorId":4896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Brenda","email":"bdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040217,"text":"ofr20121199 - 2012 - Hydrological information products for the Off-Project Water Program of the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T10:59:41","indexId":"ofr20121199","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1199","title":"Hydrological information products for the Off-Project Water Program of the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement","docAbstract":"The Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement (KBRA) was developed by a diverse group of stakeholders, Federal and State resource management agencies, Tribal representatives, and interest groups to provide a comprehensive solution to ecological and water-supply issues in the Klamath Basin. The Off-Project Water Program (OPWP), one component of the KBRA, has as one of its purposes to permanently provide an additional 30,000 acre-feet of water per year on an average annual basis to Upper Klamath Lake through \"voluntary retirement of water rights or water uses or other means as agreed to by the Klamath Tribes, to improve fisheries habitat and also provide for stability of irrigation water deliveries.\" The geographic area where the water rights could be retired encompasses approximately 1,900 square miles. The OPWP area is defined as including the Sprague River drainage, the Sycan River drainage downstream of Sycan Marsh, the Wood River drainage, and the Williamson River drainage from Kirk Reef at the southern end of Klamath Marsh downstream to the confluence with the Sprague River. Extensive, broad, flat, poorly drained uplands, valleys, and wetlands characterize much of the study area. Irrigation is almost entirely used for pasture. To assist parties involved with decisionmaking and implementation of the OPWP, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Klamath Tribes and other stakeholders, created five hydrological information products. These products include GIS digital maps and datasets containing spatial information on evapotranspiration, subirrigation indicators, water rights, subbasin streamflow statistics, and return-flow indicators. The evapotranspiration (ET) datasets were created under contract for this study by Evapotranspiration, Plus, LLC, of Twin Falls, Idaho. A high-resolution remote sensing technique known as Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution and Internalized Calibration (METRIC) was used to create estimates of the spatial distribution of ET. The METRIC technique uses thermal infrared Landsat imagery to quantify actual evapotranspiration at a 30-meter resolution that can be related to individual irrigated fields. Because evaporation uses heat energy, ground surfaces with large ET rates are left cooler as a result of ET than ground surfaces that have less ET. As a consequence, irrigated fields appear in the Landsat images as cooler than nonirrigated fields. Products produced from this study include total seasonal and total monthly (April-October) actual evapotranspiration maps for 2004 (a dry year) and 2006 (a wet year). Maps showing indicators of natural subirrigation were also provided by this study. \"Subirrigation\" as used here is the evapotranspiration of shallow groundwater by plants with roots that penetrate to or near the water table. Subirrigation often occurs at locations where the water table is at or above the plant rooting depth. Natural consumptive use by plants diminishes the benefit of retiring water rights in subirrigated areas. Some agricultural production may be possible, however, on subirrigated lands for which water rights are retired. Because of the difficulty in precisely mapping and quantifying subirrigation, this study presents several sources of spatially mapped data that can be used as indicators of higher subirrigation probability. These include the floodplain boundaries defined by stream geomorphology, water-table depth defined in Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) soil surveys, and soil rooting depth defined in NRCS soil surveys. The two water-rights mapping products created in the study were \"points of diversion\" (POD) and \"place of use\" (POU) for surface-water irrigation rights. To create these maps, all surface-water rights data, decrees, certificates, permits, and unadjudicated claims within the entire 1,900 square mile study area were aggregated into a common GIS geodatabase. Surface-water irrigation rights within a 5-mile buffer of the study area were then selected and identified. The POU area was then totaled by water right for primary and supplemental water rights. The maximum annual volume (acre-feet) allowed under each water right also was calculated using the POU area and duty (allowable annual irrigation application in feet). In cases where a water right has more than one designated POD, the total volume for the water right was equally distributed to each POD listed for the water right. Because of this, mapped distribution of diversion rates for some rights may differ from actual practice. Water-right information in the map products was from digital datasets obtained from the Oregon Water Resources Department and was, at the time acquired, the best available compilation of water-right information available. Because the completeness and accuracy of the water-right data could not be verified, users are encouraged to check directly with the Oregon Water Resources Department where specific information on individual rights or locations is essential. A dataset containing streamflow statistics for 72 subbasins in the study area was created for the study area. The statistics include annual flow durations (5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 95-percent exceedances) and 7-day, 10-year (7Q10) and 7-day, 2-year (7Q2) low flows, and were computed using regional regression equations based on measured streamflow records in the region. Daily streamflow records used were adjusted as needed for crop consumptive use; therefore the statistics represent streamflow under more natural conditions as though irrigation diversions did not exist. Statistics are provided for flow rates resulting from streamflow originating from within the entire drainage area upstream of the subbasin pour point (referring to the outlet of the contributing drainage basin). The statistics were computed for the purpose of providing decision makers with the ability to estimate streamflow that would be expected after water conservation techniques have been implemented or a water right has been retired. A final product from the study are datasets of indicators of the potential for subsurface return flow of irrigation water from agricultural areas to nearby streams. The datasets contain information on factors such as proximity to surface-water features, geomorphic floodplain characteristics, and depth to water. The digital data, metadata, and example illustrations for the datasets described in this report are available on-line from the USGS Water Resources National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) Node Website http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getgislist or from the U.S. Government website DATA.gov at http://www.data.gov with links provided in a Microsoft&reg; Excel&reg; workbook in appendix A.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Klamath Tribes and in collaboration with Klamath Basin Rangeland Trust, Klamath Watershed Partnership, Sustainable Northwest, The Nature Conservancy, Upper Klamath Water Users Association, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., Risley, J.C., and Haynes, J.V., 2012, Hydrological information products for the Off-Project Water Program of the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1199, iv; 20 p.; Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121199.","productDescription":"iv; 20 p.; Appendix A","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1199.jpg"},{"id":262417,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262418,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1199/pdf/ofr20121199.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":273905,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_distance_to_gaining_streams_and_lakes.xml"},{"id":273906,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_distance_to_perennial_streams_and_lakes.xml"},{"id":273913,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_subbasin_analysis_pour_points_v3.xml"},{"id":273914,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_subbasin_analysis_v3.xml"},{"id":273915,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_water_rights_pod_20110909.xml"},{"id":273916,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_water_rights_pou_20110909.xml"},{"id":273911,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_sprague_river_oregon_geomorphology_return_flow.xml"},{"id":273912,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/kbra_opwp_sprague_river_oregon_geomorphology_subirrigation.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.33333333333333,42.166666666666664 ], [ -122.33333333333333,43.416666666666664 ], [ -120.5,43.416666666666664 ], [ -120.5,42.166666666666664 ], [ -122.33333333333333,42.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50defea8e4b0dfbe79e682c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haynes, Jonathan V. 0000-0001-6530-6252 jhaynes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6530-6252","contributorId":3113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynes","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhaynes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040225,"text":"ds700 - 2012 - Data resources for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) Integrated Assessment (IA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-08T12:58:23","indexId":"ds700","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"700","title":"Data resources for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) Integrated Assessment (IA)","docAbstract":"The data contained in this report were compiled, modified, and analyzed for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) Integrated Assessment (IA). The WLCI is a long-term science based effort to assess and enhance aquatic and terrestrial habitats at a landscape scale in southwest Wyoming while facilitating responsible energy development through local collaboration and partnerships. The IA is an integrated synthesis and analysis of WLCI resource values based on best available data and information collected from multiple agencies and organizations. It is a support tool for landscape-scale conservation planning and evaluation, and a data and analysis resource that can be used for addressing specific management questions. The IA analysis was conducted using a Geographic Information System in a raster (that is, a grid) environment using a cell size of 30 meters. To facilitate the interpretation of the data in a regional context, mean values were summarized and displayed at the subwatershed unit (WLCI subwatersheds were subset from the National Hydrography Dataset, Hydrologic Unit Code 12/Level 6). A dynamic mapping platform, accessed via the WLCI webpage at <a href=\"http://www.wlci.gov\"><i>http://www.wlci.gov</i></a> is used to display the mapped information, and to access underlying resource values that were combined to produce the final mapped results. The raster data used in the IA are provided here for use by interested parties to conduct additional analyses and can be accessed via the WLCI webpage. This series contains 74 spatial data sets: WLCI subwatersheds (vector) and 73 geotiffs (raster) that are segregated into the major categories of Multicriteria Index (including Resource Index and Condition), Change Agents, and Future Change. The Total Multicriteria Index is composed of the Aquatic Multicriteria Index and the Terrestrial Multicriteria Index. The Aquatic Multicriteria Index is composed of the Aquatic Resource Index and the Aquatic Condition. The Aquatic Resource Index is composed of the following components: Groundwater, Special Management Areas, and Priority Areas. The Aquatic Condition is composed of the following components: Focal Species, Species of Concern, Focal Ecosystems, and Proper Functioning Condition. The Terrestrial Multicriteria Index is composed of the Terrestrial Resource Index and the Terrestrial Condition. The Terrestrial Resource Index is composed of the following components: Special Management Areas, Agriculture, and Priority Areas. The Terrestrial Condition is composed of the following components: Focal Species, Big Game, Species of Concern, Rare Plants, and Focal Ecosystems. The Change Agents are composed the following components: Roads, Energy, Mines, and Urban. The Future Change is composed of the following components: Oil-Gas-Coal, Wind, Minerals, Climate-Temperature, Invasive Species, and Urban.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds700","usgsCitation":"Assal, T.J., Garman, S.L., Bowen, Z.H., Anderson, P.J., Manier, D.J., and McDougal, R., 2012, Data resources for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) Integrated Assessment (IA): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 700, Download Data: 1 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds700.","productDescription":"Download Data: 1 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262483,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/700/","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262485,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/700/downloads/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262484,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/700/downloads/DS700_links_for_webpage.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_700.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0569,41.0000 ], [ -111.0569,45.0000 ], [ -104.0500,45.0000 ], [ -104.0500,41.0000 ], [ -111.0569,41.0000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d9ef1fe4b07a5aecdefbe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garman, Steven L. 0000-0002-9032-9074 slgarman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9074","contributorId":3741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garman","given":"Steven","email":"slgarman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick J. 0000-0003-2281-389X andersonpj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-389X","contributorId":3590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","email":"andersonpj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Manier, Daniel J. 0000-0002-1105-1327 manierd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-1327","contributorId":4589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manier","given":"Daniel","email":"manierd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McDougal, Robert R.","contributorId":53418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040108,"text":"70040108 - 2012 - A simple method for estimating basin-scale groundwater discharge by vegetation in the basin and range province of Arizona using remote sensing information and geographic information systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-08T17:16:12","indexId":"70040108","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple method for estimating basin-scale groundwater discharge by vegetation in the basin and range province of Arizona using remote sensing information and geographic information systems","docAbstract":"Groundwater is a vital water resource in the arid to semi-arid southwestern United States. Accurate accounting of inflows to and outflows from the groundwater system is necessary to effectively manage this shared resource, including the important outflow component of groundwater discharge by vegetation. A simple method for estimating basin-scale groundwater discharge by vegetation is presented that uses remote sensing data from satellites, geographic information systems (GIS) land cover and stream location information, and a regression equation developed within the Southern Arizona study area relating the Enhanced Vegetation Index from the MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite to measured evapotranspiration. Results computed for 16-day composited satellite passes over the study area during the 2000 through 2007 time period demonstrate a sinusoidal pattern of annual groundwater discharge by vegetation with median values ranging from around 0.3 mm per day in the cooler winter months to around 1.5 mm per day during summer. Maximum estimated annual volume of groundwater discharge by vegetation was between 1.4 and 1.9 billion m<sup>3</sup> per year with an annual average of 1.6 billion m<sup>3</sup>. A simplified accounting of the contribution of precipitation to vegetation greenness was developed whereby monthly precipitation data were subtracted from computed vegetation discharge values, resulting in estimates of minimum groundwater discharge by vegetation. Basin-scale estimates of minimum and maximum groundwater discharge by vegetation produced by this simple method are useful bounding values for groundwater budgets and groundwater flow models, and the method may be applicable to other areas with similar vegetation types.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.02.010","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F., Callegary, J., Nagler, P., and Glenn, E.P., 2012, A simple method for estimating basin-scale groundwater discharge by vegetation in the basin and range province of Arizona using remote sensing information and geographic information systems: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 82, p. 44-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.02.010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262459,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.02.010"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50744f6ee4b090654e7b2637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillman, F.D.","contributorId":24620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Callegary, J.B.","contributorId":71769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callegary","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040355,"text":"70040355 - 2012 - Nitrogen limitation, <sup>15</sup>N tracer retention, and growth response in intact and <i>Bromus tectorum</i>-invaded <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> ssp. <i>wyomingensis</i> communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T11:51:22","indexId":"70040355","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen limitation, <sup>15</sup>N tracer retention, and growth response in intact and <i>Bromus tectorum</i>-invaded <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> ssp. <i>wyomingensis</i> communities","docAbstract":"Annual grass invasion into shrub-dominated ecosystems is associated with changes in nutrient cycling that may alter nitrogen (N) limitation and retention. Carbon (C) applications that reduce plant-available N have been suggested to give native perennial vegetation a competitive advantage over exotic annual grasses, but plant community and N retention responses to C addition remain poorly understood in these ecosystems. The main objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the degree of N limitation of plant biomass in intact versus <i>B. tectorum</i>-invaded sagebrush communities, (2) determine if plant N limitation patterns are reflected in the strength of tracer <sup>15</sup>N retention over two growing seasons, and (3) assess if the strength of plant N limitation predicts the efficacy of carbon additions intended to reduce soil N availability and plant growth. Labile C additions reduced biomass of exotic annual species; however, growth of native <i>A. tridentata</i> shrubs also declined. Exotic annual and native perennial plant communities had divergent responses to added N, with <i>B. tectorum</i> displaying greater ability to use added N to rapidly increase aboveground biomass, and native perennials increasing their tissue N concentration but showing little growth response. Few differences in N pools between the annual and native communities were detected. In contrast to expectations, however, more <sup>15</sup>N was retained over two growing seasons in the invaded annual grass than in the native shrub community. Our data suggest that N cycling in converted exotic annual grasslands of the northern Intermountain West, USA, may retain N more strongly than previously thought.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00442-012-2442-5","usgsCitation":"Witwicki, D.L., Doescher, P.S., Pyke, D.A., DeCrappeo, N.M., and Perakis, S., 2012, Nitrogen limitation, <sup>15</sup>N tracer retention, and growth response in intact and <i>Bromus tectorum</i>-invaded <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> ssp. <i>wyomingensis</i> communities: Oecologia, v. 171, no. 4, p. 1013-1023, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2442-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1013","endPage":"1023","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2442-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;California;Colorado;Idaho;Nevada;Oregon;Utah;Washington;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Intermountain West","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.830000,31.300000 ], [ -124.830000,49.000000 ], [ -108.000000,49.000000 ], [ -108.000000,31.300000 ], [ -124.830000,31.300000 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"171","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e0a630e4b0fec3206ef169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witwicki, Dana L.","contributorId":72473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witwicki","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doescher, Paul S.","contributorId":11867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doescher","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeCrappeo, Nicole M.","contributorId":92383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCrappeo","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":16797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70039109,"text":"70039109 - 2012 - Long-term demographic consequences of habitat fragmentation to a tropical understory bird community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T18:10:37","indexId":"70039109","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term demographic consequences of habitat fragmentation to a tropical understory bird community","docAbstract":"Tropical deforestation continues to cause population declines and local extinctions in centers of avian diversity and endemism. Although local species extinctions stem from reductions in demographic rates, little is known about how habitat fragmentation influences survival of tropical bird populations or the relative importance of survival and fecundity in ultimately shaping communities. We analyzed 22 years of mark-recapture data to assess how fragmentation influenced apparent survival, recruitment, and realized population growth rate within 22 forest understory bird species in the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. This represents the first such effort, in either tropical or temperate systems, to characterize the effect of deforestation on avian survival across such a broad suite of species. Long-term demographic analysis of this suite of species experiencing the same fragmented environment revealed considerable variability in species' responses to fragmentation, in addition to general patterns that emerged from comparison among species. Across the understory bird community as a whole, we found significantly lower apparent survival and realized population growth rate in small fragments relative to large, demonstrating fragmentation effects to demographic rates long after habitat loss. Demographic rates were depressed across five feeding guilds, suggesting that fragmentation sensitivity was not limited to insectivores. Seniority analyses, together with a positive effect of fragmentation on recruitment, indicated that depressed apparent survival was the primary driver of population declines and observed extinctions. We also found a landscape effect, with lower vital rates in one mountain range relative to another, suggesting that fragmentation effects may add to other large-scale drivers of population decline. Overall, realized population growth rate (&lambda;) estimates were < 1 for most species, suggesting that future population persistence even within large forest fragments is uncertain in this biodiversity hotspot.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/11-1345.1","usgsCitation":"Korfanta, N., Newmark, W., and Kauffman, M.J., 2012, Long-term demographic consequences of habitat fragmentation to a tropical understory bird community: Ecology, v. 93, no. 12, p. 2548-2559, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1345.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2548","endPage":"2559","costCenters":[{"id":683,"text":"Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-1345.1"}],"country":"Tanzania","otherGeospatial":"Usambara Mountains","volume":"93","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df9f0de4b0dfbe79e6dff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Korfanta, N.M.","contributorId":105579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korfanta","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newmark, W.D.","contributorId":100644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newmark","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, M. J.","contributorId":44262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003871,"text":"70003871 - 2012 - Black-footed ferrets and recreational shooting influence the attributes of black-tailed prairie dog burrows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-06T17:16:14","indexId":"70003871","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Black-footed ferrets and recreational shooting influence the attributes of black-tailed prairie dog burrows","docAbstract":"Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) plug burrows occupied by black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes), and they also plug burrows to entomb dead prairie dogs. We further evaluated these phenomena by sampling connectivity and plugging of burrow openings on prairie dog colonies occupied by ferrets, colonies where recreational shooting was allowed, and colonies with neither shooting nor ferrets. We counted burrow openings on line surveys and within plots, classified surface plugging, and used an air blower to examine subsurface connectivity. Colonies with ferrets had lower densities of openings, fewer connected openings (suggesting increased subsurface plugging), and more surface plugs compared to colonies with no known ferrets. Colonies with recreational shooting had the lowest densities of burrow openings, and line-survey data suggested colonies with shooting had intermediate rates of surface plugging. The extent of surface and subsurface plugging could have consequences for the prairie dog community by changing air circulation and escape routes of burrow systems and by altering energetic relationships. Burrow plugging might reduce prairie dogs' risk of predation by ferrets while increasing risk of predation by American badgers (Taxidea taxus); however, the complexity of the trade-off is increased if plugging increases the risk of predation on ferrets by badgers. Prairie dogs expend more energy plugging and digging when ferrets or shooting are present, and ferrets increase their energy expenditures when they dig to remove those plugs. Microclimatic differences in plugged burrow systems may play a role in flea ecology and persistence of the flea-borne bacterium that causes plague (Yersinia pestis).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0205","usgsCitation":"Biggins, D.E., Ramakrishnan, S., Goldberg, A.R., and Eads, D., 2012, Black-footed ferrets and recreational shooting influence the attributes of black-tailed prairie dog burrows: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 158-171, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0205.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"171","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488006,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262424,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0205"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d8a7c2e4b0af4069e41d8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramakrishnan, Shantini","contributorId":82965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramakrishnan","given":"Shantini","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldberg, Amanda R.","contributorId":62067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eads, David A.","contributorId":70234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040202,"text":"70040202 - 2012 - Tracking climate impacts on the migratory monarch butterfly","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-05T17:16:22","indexId":"70040202","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking climate impacts on the migratory monarch butterfly","docAbstract":"Understanding the impacts of climate on migratory species is complicated by the fact that these species travel through several climates that may be changing in diverse ways throughout their complete migratory cycle. Most studies are not designed to tease out the direct and indirect effects of climate at various stages along the migration route. We assess the impacts of spring and summer climate conditions on breeding monarch butterflies, a species that completes its annual migration cycle over several generations. No single, broad-scale climate metric can explain summer breeding phenology or the substantial year-to-year fluctuations observed in population abundances. As such, we built a Poisson regression model to help explain annual arrival times and abundances in the Midwestern United States. We incorporated the climate conditions experienced both during a spring migration/breeding phase in Texas as well as during subsequent arrival and breeding during the main recruitment period in Ohio. Using data from a state-wide butterfly monitoring network in Ohio, our results suggest that climate acts in conflicting ways during the spring and summer seasons. High spring precipitation in Texas is associated with the largest annual population growth in Ohio and the earliest arrival to the summer breeding ground, as are intermediate spring temperatures in Texas. On the other hand, the timing of monarch arrivals to the summer breeding grounds is not affected by climate conditions within Ohio. Once in Ohio for summer breeding, precipitation has minimal impacts on overall abundances, whereas warmer summer temperatures are generally associated with the highest expected abundances, yet this effect is mitigated by the average seasonal temperature of each location in that the warmest sites receive no benefit of above average summer temperatures. Our results highlight the complex relationship between climate and performance for a migrating species and suggest that attempts to understand how monarchs will be affected by future climate conditions will be challenging.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02751.x","usgsCitation":"Zipkin, E., Ries, L., Reeves, R., Regetz, J., and Oberhauser, K.S., 2012, Tracking climate impacts on the migratory monarch butterfly: Global Change Biology, v. 18, no. 10, p. 3039-3049, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02751.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3039","endPage":"3049","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474326,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=monarch_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262402,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02751.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"18","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e554cfe4b0a4aa5bb0245d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F.","contributorId":70528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ries, Leslie","contributorId":50034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, Rick","contributorId":60492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regetz, James","contributorId":20596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regetz","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oberhauser, Karen S.","contributorId":27737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberhauser","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040207,"text":"tm11C6 - 2012 - Digital database architecture and delineation methodology for deriving drainage basins, and a comparison of digitally and non-digitally derived numeric drainage areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-05T17:16:22","indexId":"tm11C6","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"11-C6","title":"Digital database architecture and delineation methodology for deriving drainage basins, and a comparison of digitally and non-digitally derived numeric drainage areas","docAbstract":"The drainage basin is a fundamental hydrologic entity used for studies of surface-water resources and during planning of water-related projects. Numeric drainage areas published by the U.S. Geological Survey water science centers in Annual Water Data Reports and on the National Water Information Systems (NWIS) Web site are still primarily derived from hard-copy sources and by manual delineation of polygonal basin areas on paper topographic map sheets. To expedite numeric drainage area determinations, the Colorado Water Science Center developed a digital database structure and a delineation methodology based on the hydrologic unit boundaries in the National Watershed Boundary Dataset. This report describes the digital database architecture and delineation methodology and also presents the results of a comparison of the numeric drainage areas derived using this digital methodology with those derived using traditional, non-digital methods. (Please see report for full Abstract)","largerWorkTitle":"Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data (Book 11)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm11C6","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 6 of Section C in Book 11, Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data, of the USGS Techniques and Methods series.","usgsCitation":"Dupree, J.A., and Crowfoot, R.M., 2012, Digital database architecture and delineation methodology for deriving drainage basins, and a comparison of digitally and non-digitally derived numeric drainage areas: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11-C6, viii, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11C6.","productDescription":"viii, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_11_C6.gif"},{"id":262301,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11c6/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262302,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11c6/tm-11c-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50da388ae4b07a5aecdf24fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dupree, Jean A. dupree@usgs.gov","contributorId":2563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"Jean","email":"dupree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowfoot, Richard M. crowfoot@usgs.gov","contributorId":4516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowfoot","given":"Richard","email":"crowfoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040215,"text":"sir20125224 - 2012 - Simulation of groundwater and surface-water resources and evaluation of water-management alternatives for the Chamokane Creek basin, Stevens County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-05T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20125224","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5224","title":"Simulation of groundwater and surface-water resources and evaluation of water-management alternatives for the Chamokane Creek basin, Stevens County, Washington","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional, transient numerical model of groundwater and surface-water flow was constructed for Chamokane Creek basin to better understand the groundwater-flow system and its relation to surface-water resources. The model described in this report can be used as a tool by water-management agencies and other stakeholders to quantitatively evaluate the effects of potential increases in groundwater pumping on groundwater and surface-water resources in the basin. The Chamokane Creek model was constructed using the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) integrated model, GSFLOW. GSFLOW was developed to simulate coupled groundwater and surface-water resources. The model uses 1,000-foot grid cells that subdivide the model domain by 102 rows and 106 columns. Six hydrogeologic units in the model are represented using eight model layers. Daily precipitation and temperature were spatially distributed and subsequent groundwater recharge was computed within GSFLOW. Streamflows in Chamokane Creek and its major tributaries are simulated in the model by routing streamflow within a stream network that is coupled to the groundwater-flow system. Groundwater pumpage and surface-water diversions and returns specified in the model were derived from monthly and annual pumpage values previously estimated from another component of this study and new data reported by study partners. The model simulation period is water years 1980-2010 (October 1, 1979, to September 30, 2010), but the model was calibrated to the transient conditions for water years 1999-2010 (October 1, 1998, to September 30, 2010). Calibration was completed by using traditional trial-and-error methods and automated parameter-estimation techniques. The model adequately reproduces the measured time-series groundwater levels and daily streamflows. At well observation points, the mean difference between simulated and measured hydraulic heads is 7 feet with a root-mean-square error divided by the total difference in water levels of 4.7 percent. Simulated streamflow was compared to measured streamflow at the USGS streamflow-gaging station-Chamokane Creek below Falls, near Long Lake (12433200). Annual differences between measured and simulated streamflow for the site ranged from -63 to 22 percent. Calibrated model output includes a 31-year estimate of monthly water budget components for the hydrologic system. Five model applications (scenarios) were completed to obtain a better understanding of the relation between groundwater pumping and surface-water resources. The calibrated transient model was used to evaluate: (1) the connection between the upper- and middle-basin groundwater systems, (2) the effect of surface-water and groundwater uses in the middle basin, (3) the cumulative impacts of claims registry use and permit-exempt wells on Chamokane Creek streamflow, (4) the frequency of regulation due to impacted streamflow, and (5) the levels of domestic and stockwater use that can be regulated. The simulation results indicated that streamflow is affected by existing groundwater pumping in the upper and middle basins. Simulated water-management scenarios show streamflow increased relative to historical conditions as groundwater and surface-water withdrawals decreased.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125224","usgsCitation":"Ely, D.M., and Kahle, S.C., 2012, Simulation of groundwater and surface-water resources and evaluation of water-management alternatives for the Chamokane Creek basin, Stevens County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5224, viii; 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125224.","productDescription":"viii; 74 p.","numberOfPages":"86","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5224.jpg"},{"id":262413,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5224/pdf/sir20125224.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262412,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5224/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 11","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Stevens County","otherGeospatial":"Chamokane Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.16666666666667,47.75 ], [ -118.16666666666667,48.18333333333333 ], [ -117.58333333333333,48.18333333333333 ], [ -117.58333333333333,47.75 ], [ -118.16666666666667,47.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4c737e4b0e8fec6ce1174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, D. Matthew","contributorId":100052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kahle, Sue C. 0000-0003-1262-4446 sckahle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-4446","contributorId":3096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"Sue","email":"sckahle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040212,"text":"ds650 - 2012 - Geodatabase of sites, basin boundaries, and topology rules used to store drainage basin boundaries for the U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-25T17:16:18","indexId":"ds650","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"650","title":"Geodatabase of sites, basin boundaries, and topology rules used to store drainage basin boundaries for the U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center","docAbstract":"This geodatabase and its component datasets are part of U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series 650 and were generated to store basin boundaries for U.S. Geological Survey streamgages and other sites in Colorado. The geodatabase and its components were created by the U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center, and are used to derive the numeric drainage areas for Colorado that are input into the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Information System (NWIS) database and also published in the Annual Water Data Report and on NWISWeb. The foundational dataset used to create the basin boundaries in this geodatabase was the National Watershed Boundary Dataset. This geodatabase accompanies a U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods report (Book 11, Section C, Chapter 6) entitled \"Digital Database Architecture and Delineation Methodology for Deriving Drainage Basins, and Comparison of Digitally and Non-Digitally Derived Numeric Drainage Areas.\" The Techniques and Methods report details the geodatabase architecture, describes the delineation methodology and workflows used to develop these basin boundaries, and compares digitally derived numeric drainage areas in this geodatabase to non-digitally derived areas.  1. COBasins.gdb: This geodatabase contains site locations and basin boundaries for Colorado. It includes a single feature dataset, called BasinsFD, which groups the component feature classes and topology rules. 2. BasinsFD: This feature dataset in the \"COBasins.gdb\" geodatabase is a digital container that holds the feature classes used to archive site locations and basin boundaries as well as the topology rules that govern spatial relations within and among component feature classes. This feature dataset includes three feature classes: the sites for which basins have been delineated (the \"Sites\" feature class), basin bounding lines (the \"BasinLines\" feature class), and polygonal basin areas (the \"BasinPolys\" feature class). The feature dataset also stores the topology rules (the \"BasinsFD_Topology\") that constrain the relations within and among component feature classes. The feature dataset also forces any feature classes inside it to have a consistent projection system, which is, in this case, an Albers-Equal-Area projection system. 3. BasinsFD_Topology: This topology contains four persistent topology rules that constrain the spatial relations within the \"BasinLines\" feature class and between the \"BasinLines\" feature class and the \"BasinPolys\" feature classes. 4. Sites: This point feature class contains the digital representations of the site locations for which Colorado Water Science Center basin boundaries have been delineated. This feature class includes point locations for Colorado Water Science Center active (as of September 30, 2009) gages and for other sites. 5. BasinLines: This line feature class contains the perimeters of basins delineated for features in the \"Sites\" feature class, and it also contains information regarding the sources of lines used for the basin boundaries. 6. BasinPolys: This polygon feature class contains the polygonal basin areas delineated for features in the \"Sites\" feature class, and it is used to derive the numeric drainage areas published by the Colorado Water Science Center.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds650","usgsCitation":"Dupree, J.A., and Crowfoot, R.M., 2012, Geodatabase of sites, basin boundaries, and topology rules used to store drainage basin boundaries for the U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 650, HTML Document; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds650.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_650.jpg"},{"id":262405,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/650/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.05,36.983333333333334 ], [ -109.05,41 ], [ -102.03333333333333,41 ], [ -102.03333333333333,36.983333333333334 ], [ -109.05,36.983333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508a5f71e4b07fc5688448cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dupree, Jean A. dupree@usgs.gov","contributorId":2563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"Jean","email":"dupree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowfoot, Richard M. crowfoot@usgs.gov","contributorId":4516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowfoot","given":"Richard","email":"crowfoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040210,"text":"ofr20121203 - 2012 - Biotic, water-quality, and hydrologic metrics calculated for the analysis of temporal trends in National Water Quality Assessment Program Data in the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T10:33:37","indexId":"ofr20121203","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1203","title":"Biotic, water-quality, and hydrologic metrics calculated for the analysis of temporal trends in National Water Quality Assessment Program Data in the Western United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program was established by Congress in 1991 to collect long-term, nationally consistent information on the quality of the Nation's streams and groundwater. The NAWQA Program utilizes interdisciplinary and dynamic studies that link the chemical and physical conditions of streams (such as flow and habitat) with ecosystem health and the biologic condition of algae, aquatic invertebrates, and fish communities. This report presents metrics derived from NAWQA data and the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network for sampling sites in the Western United States, as well as associated chemical, habitat, and streamflow properties. The metrics characterize the conditions of algae, aquatic invertebrates, and fish. In addition, we have compiled climate records and basin characteristics related to the NAWQA sampling sites. The calculated metrics and compiled data can be used to analyze ecohydrologic trends over time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121203","usgsCitation":"Wiele, S.M., Brasher, A., Miller, M.P., May, J., and Carpenter, K., 2012, Biotic, water-quality, and hydrologic metrics calculated for the analysis of temporal trends in National Water Quality Assessment Program Data in the Western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1203, Report: iv; 11 p.; Appendixes 1-9, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121203.","productDescription":"Report: iv; 11 p.; Appendixes 1-9","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1203.gif"},{"id":262398,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":332859,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1203/of2012-1203_appendixes/of2012-1203_appendixes.html","text":"Appendixes 1-9","linkHelpText":"Web page with links to download Appendixes 1-9 as xlsx files (up to 1.6 MB each)"},{"id":262399,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1203/of2012-1203_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.63964843750001,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.63964843750001,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.63964843750001,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d8a220e4b0af4069e41a1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiele, Stephen M. smwiele@usgs.gov","contributorId":2199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiele","given":"Stephen","email":"smwiele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brasher, Anne M.D.","contributorId":33686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"Anne M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. kdcar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt D.","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040189,"text":"70040189 - 2012 - Development and application of downscaled hydroclimatic predictor variables for use in climate vulnerability and assessment studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-04T17:16:38","indexId":"70040189","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":293,"text":"Technical Paper","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Development and application of downscaled hydroclimatic predictor variables for use in climate vulnerability and assessment studies","docAbstract":"This paper outlines the production of 270-meter grid-scale maps for 14 climate and derivative hydrologic variables for a region that encompasses the State of California and all the streams that flow into it. The paper describes the Basin Characterization Model (BCM), a map-based, mechanistic model used to process the hydrological variables. Three historic and three future time periods of 30 years (1911&ndash;1940, 1941&ndash;1970, 1971&ndash;2000, 2010&ndash;2039, 2040&ndash;2069, and 2070&ndash;2099) were developed that summarize 180 years of monthly historic and future climate values. These comprise a standardized set of fine-scale climate data that were shared with 14 research groups, including the U.S. National Park Service and several University of California groups as part of this project. We present three analyses done with the outputs from the Basin Characterization Model: trends in hydrologic variables over baseline, the most recent 30-year period; a calibration and validation effort that uses measured discharge values from 139 streamgages and compares those to Basin Characterization Model-derived projections of discharge for the same basins; and an assessment of the trends of specific hydrological variables that links historical trend to projected future change under four future climate projections. Overall, increases in potential evapotranspiration dominate other influences in future hydrologic cycles. Increased potential evapotranspiration drives decreasing runoff even under forecasts with increased precipitation, and drives increased climatic water deficit, which may lead to conversion of dominant vegetation types across large parts of the study region as well as have implications for rain-fed agriculture. The potential evapotranspiration is driven by air temperatures, and the Basin Characterization Model permits it to be integrated with a water balance model that can be derived for landscapes and summarized by watershed. These results show the utility of using a process-based model with modules representing different hydrological pathways that can be inter-linked.","language":"English","publisher":"California Energy Commission's California Climate Change Center","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA","collaboration":"Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program White Paper","usgsCitation":"Thorne, J., Boynton, R., Flint, L., Flint, A., and N’goc Le, T., 2012, Development and application of downscaled hydroclimatic predictor variables for use in climate vulnerability and assessment studies: Technical Paper, vii, 84 p.","productDescription":"vii, 84 p.","numberOfPages":"95","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262295,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://uc-ciee.org/climate-change/3/667/101/nested","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50da2331e4b07a5aecdf1805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorne, James","contributorId":52444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boynton, Ryan","contributorId":36403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boynton","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":97753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, Alan","contributorId":58503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"N’goc Le, Thuy","contributorId":94536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"N’goc Le","given":"Thuy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040192,"text":"sir20125201 - 2012 - Aquifer test at well SMW-1 near Moenkopi, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-04T17:16:38","indexId":"sir20125201","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5201","title":"Aquifer test at well SMW-1 near Moenkopi, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Hopi villages of Lower Moencopi and Upper Moenkopi are on the Hopi Indian Reservation south of Tuba City in northern Arizona. These adjacent Hopi villages, located west and north of the confluence of Pasture Canyon Wash and Moenkopi Wash, are dependent on groundwater withdrawals from three wells that penetrate the N aquifer and from two springs that discharge from the N aquifer. The N aquifer is the principal aquifer in this region of northern Arizona and is composed of thick beds of sandstone between less permeable layers of siltstone and mudstone. The fine-grained character of the N aquifer inhibits rapid movement of water and large yields to wells; however, the aquifer is moderately productive at yields generally less than 25 gallons per minute in the study area. In recent years, the water level has declined in the three public-supply wells and the flow from the springs has decreased, causing concern that the current water supply will not be able to accommodate peak demand and allow for residential and economic growth. In addition to the challenge imposed by declining groundwater levels, the water-supply wells and springs are located about 2 miles downgradient from the Tuba City Landfill site where studies are ongoing to determine if uranium and other metals in groundwater beneath the landfill are higher than regional concentrations in the N aquifer. In August 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Hopi Tribe, conducted an aquifer test on well SMW-1, designed to help the Hopi Tribe determine the potential yield and water quality of the N aquifer south of Moenkopi Wash as a possible source of additional water supply. Well SMW-1 was drilled south of Moenkopi Wash to a depth of 760 feet below land surface before being backfilled and cased to about 300 feet. The well penetrates, in descending order, the Navajo Sandstone and the Kayenta Formation, both units of the N aquifer. The pre-test water level in the well was 99.15 feet below land surface. A 9.25-hour step-drawdown test and a 72-hour constant-rate test followed by recovery tests were used to investigate the performance of the test well and to estimate the transmissivity and potential yield of the N aquifer south of Moenkopi Wash. The test data were analyzed using the Cooper-Jacob method adjusted for confined conditions, the Papadopulos-Cooper method that accounts for wellbore storage, and the Theis method on the recovery data. Results of the tests indicate that in the vicinity of the well, the N aquifer has a transmissivity of about 50 feet squared per day. The test well, as completed, should yield about 15 gallons per minute with about 75 feet of drawdown (less than half of the available saturated thickness of the aquifer at the well).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hopi Tribe","usgsCitation":"Carruth, R., and Bills, D., 2012, Aquifer test at well SMW-1 near Moenkopi, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5201, 11 p.; col. ill.; map (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125201.","productDescription":"11 p.; col. ill.; map (col.)","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5201.gif"},{"id":262282,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5201/sir2012-5201.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262281,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5201/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Moenkopi","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506dba96e4b002b5ec71a847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carruth, Rob 0000-0001-7008-2927 rlcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-2927","contributorId":1162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carruth","given":"Rob","email":"rlcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bills, Donald J. djbills@usgs.gov","contributorId":4180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Donald J.","email":"djbills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040170,"text":"sir20125176B - 2012 - Eruption probabilities for the Lassen Volcanic Center and regional volcanism, northern California, and probabilities for large explosive eruptions in the Cascade Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:10:56","indexId":"sir20125176B","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5176","chapter":"B","title":"Eruption probabilities for the Lassen Volcanic Center and regional volcanism, northern California, and probabilities for large explosive eruptions in the Cascade Range","docAbstract":"Chronologies for eruptive activity of the Lassen Volcanic Center and for eruptions from the regional mafic vents in the surrounding area of the Lassen segment of the Cascade Range are here used to estimate probabilities of future eruptions. For the regional mafic volcanism, the ages of many vents are known only within broad ranges, and two models are developed that should bracket the actual eruptive ages. These chronologies are used with exponential, Weibull, and mixed-exponential probability distributions to match the data for time intervals between eruptions. For the Lassen Volcanic Center, the probability of an eruption in the next year is 1.4x10<sup>-4</sup> for the exponential distribution and 2.3x10<sup>-4</sup> for the mixed exponential distribution. For the regional mafic vents, the exponential distribution gives a probability of an eruption in the next year of 6.5x10<sup>-4</sup>, but the mixed exponential distribution indicates that the current probability, 12,000 years after the last event, could be significantly lower. For the exponential distribution, the highest probability is for an eruption from a regional mafic vent. Data on areas and volumes of lava flows and domes of the Lassen Volcanic Center and of eruptions from the regional mafic vents provide constraints on the probable sizes of future eruptions. Probabilities of lava-flow coverage are similar for the Lassen Volcanic Center and for regional mafic vents, whereas the probable eruptive volumes for the mafic vents are generally smaller. Data have been compiled for large explosive eruptions (>&#8776; 5 km<sup>3</sup> in deposit volume) in the Cascade Range during the past 1.2 m.y. in order to estimate probabilities of eruption. For erupted volumes >&#8776;5 km<sup>3</sup>, the rate of occurrence since 13.6 ka is much higher than for the entire period, and we use these data to calculate the annual probability of a large eruption at 4.6x10<sup>-4</sup>. For erupted volumes &ge;10 km<sup>3</sup>, the rate of occurrence has been reasonably constant from 630 ka to the present, giving more confidence in the estimate, and we use those data to calculate the annual probability of a large eruption in the next year at 1.4x10<sup>-5</sup>.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125176B","collaboration":"See also: SIR 2012-5176-A","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., Clynne, M.A., and Muffler, L.P., 2012, Eruption probabilities for the Lassen Volcanic Center and regional volcanism, northern California, and probabilities for large explosive eruptions in the Cascade Range: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5176, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125176B.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5176_B.gif"},{"id":262239,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5176/b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262240,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5176/b/sir2012-5176-b.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.25,40 ], [ -122.25,41.166666666666664 ], [ -120.91666666666667,41.166666666666664 ], [ -120.91666666666667,40 ], [ -122.25,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d5195e4b002b5ec71a82d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muffler, L.J. Patrick","contributorId":72739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muffler","given":"L.J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040167,"text":"sir20125145 - 2012 - Assessment of the Coal-Bed Gas Total Petroleum System in the Cook Inlet-Susitna region, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:16","indexId":"sir20125145","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5145","title":"Assessment of the Coal-Bed Gas Total Petroleum System in the Cook Inlet-Susitna region, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The Cook Inlet-Susitna region of south-central Alaska contains large quantities of gas-bearing coal of Tertiary age. The U.S. Geological Survey in 2011 completed an assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable coal-bed gas resources underlying the Cook Inlet-Susitna region based on the total petroleum system (TPS) concept. The Cook Inlet Coal-Bed Gas TPS covers about 9,600,000 acres and comprises the Cook Inlet basin, Matanuska Valley, and Susitna lowland. The TPS contains one assessment unit (AU) that was evaluated for coal-bed gas resources between 1,000 and 6,000 feet in depth over an area of about 8,500,000 acres. Coal beds, which serve as both the source and reservoir for natural gas in the AU, were deposited during Paleocene-Pliocene time in mires associated with a large trunk-tributary fluvial system. Thickness of individual coal beds ranges from a few inches to more than 50 feet, with cumulative coal thickness of more than 800 feet in the western part of the basin. Coal rank ranges from lignite to subbituminous, with vitrinite reflectance values less than 0.6 percent throughout much of the AU. The AU is considered hypothetical because only a few wells in the Matanuska Valley have tested the coal-bed reservoirs, so the use of analog coal-bed gas production data was necessary for this assessment. In order to estimate reserves that might be added in the next 30 years, coal beds of the Upper Fort Union Formation in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana were selected as the production analog for Tertiary coal beds in the Cook Inlet-Susitna region. Upper Fort Union coal beds have similar rank (lignite to subbituminous), range of thickness, and coal-quality characteristics as coal beds of the Tertiary Kenai Group. By use of this analog, the mean total estimate of undiscovered coal-bed gas in the Tertiary Coal-Bed Gas AU is 4.674 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of gas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125145","collaboration":"Energy Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Rouse, W.A., and Houseknecht, D.W., 2012, Assessment of the Coal-Bed Gas Total Petroleum System in the Cook Inlet-Susitna region, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5145, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125145.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5145.png"},{"id":262229,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5145/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262230,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5145/pdf/SIR_CookInlet_20125145.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet-susitna","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -154,59 ], [ -154,63 ], [ -148,63 ], [ -148,59 ], [ -154,59 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d5160e4b002b5ec71a81e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rouse, William A. 0000-0002-0790-370X wrouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0790-370X","contributorId":4172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rouse","given":"William","email":"wrouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040141,"text":"70040141 - 2012 - Effects of a non-native biocontrol weevil, Larinus planus, and other emerging threats on populations of the federally threatened Pitcher's thistle, Cirsium pitcheri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:16","indexId":"70040141","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of a non-native biocontrol weevil, Larinus planus, and other emerging threats on populations of the federally threatened Pitcher's thistle, Cirsium pitcheri","docAbstract":"Larinus planus Frabicius (Curculionidae), is a seed-eating weevil that was inadvertently introduced into the US and was subsequently distributed in the US and Canada for the control of noxious thistle species of rangelands. It has been detected recently in the federally threatened Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitcheri). We assayed weevil damage in a natural population of Pitcher's thistle at Whitefish Dunes State Park, Door County, WI and quantified the impact on fecundity. We then estimated the impact of this introduced weevil and other emerging threats on two natural, uninvaded populations of Pitcher's thistle for which we have long-term demographic data for 16 yr (Wilderness State Park, Emmet County, MI) and 23 yr (Miller High Dunes, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter County, IN). We used transition matrices to determine growth rates and project the potential effects of weevil damage, inbreeding, goldfinch predation, and vegetative succession on Pitcher's thistle population viability. Based on our models, weevil seed predation reduced population growth rate by 10&ndash;12%, but this reduction was enough to reduce time to extinction from 24 yr to 13 yr and 8 yr to 5 yr in the MI and IN population, respectively. This impact is particularly severe, given most populations of Pitcher's thistle throughout its range hover near or below replacement. This is the first report of unanticipated ecological impacts from a biocontrol agent on natural populations of Cirsium pitcheri.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.010","usgsCitation":"Havens, K., Jolls, C.L., Marik, J.E., Vitt, P., McEachern, A.K., and Kind, D., 2012, Effects of a non-native biocontrol weevil, Larinus planus, and other emerging threats on populations of the federally threatened Pitcher's thistle, Cirsium pitcheri: Biological Conservation, no. 155, p. 202-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.010.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"211","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262243,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.010"}],"country":"United States","issue":"155","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d5185e4b002b5ec71a827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Havens, Kayri","contributorId":103768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havens","given":"Kayri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jolls, Claudia L.","contributorId":36000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolls","given":"Claudia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marik, Julie E.","contributorId":86214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marik","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vitt, Pati","contributorId":81602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitt","given":"Pati","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McEachern, A. Kathryn","contributorId":30165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kathryn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kind, Darcy","contributorId":92908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kind","given":"Darcy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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